Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture, 1714-1760 Hannah Smith Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 0521828767 - Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture, 1714-1760 Hannah Smith Index More information

INDEX

Aberdeen, 151, 181, 186 reviews, 107, 113–15, 182 Aberdeen, University of, 175, 176 spies, 182 Abernethy, John, 22 Arms, royal coat of, 170, 171–3 Accession days, 111, 143, 144, 177, 183, Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, 165 186, 198 Atterbury Plot, 107, 115, 164 Acres, Joseph, 34, 54 Audlem, Cheshire, 147 Addison, Joseph, 52, 115, 116 Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, 45, 47, 202 Addresses, loyal, 56, 154, 166, 218, 219 Augustanism, 38, 51–3 Aeneid, The, 40 Austrian Succession, War of the, 114 Aikman, William, 77, 125 Aylesbury, 150 Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, 72, 97 Albemarle, Earl of, 187 Bale, Norfolk, 173 Albin, Eleazor, 84 Ballads, 54 Alcohol, 144, 158, 184 Ballantyne, George, 40 Alderley, Cheshire, 147 Barrington, Viscount, 217 Aldrich, Charles, 163 Bath, 217 Alfred the Great, 57 Beeston, Edmund, 174 Almanacs, 144 Bellringing, 46, 108, 144, 186 Ambassadors, foreign, 216, 219 Bentham, Jeremy, 180 Amelia, Princess, 94, 130, 159, 202, 203, Berkeley, George, 219 216 Beverley, 149 Amigoni, Jacopo, 87, 128, 140 Bielfeld, Baron, 59 Ancien regime, 11 Birch, Thomas, 91 Ancram, Earl of, 186 Birthdays, celebrations of royal, 198, 224, Anglicisation of royal family, 25, 28, 30, 225, 240 239 Amelia, Princess, 183 Angus, Synod of, 168 Anne, Queen, 143, 146 Anne, Queen, 23, 35, 46, 82, 95, 97, 98, 99, Caroline of Ansbach, 144, 198, 208, 226 109, 126, 130, 143, 163, 173, 194, Caroline, Princess, 183 237 Charles II, 143 Anne, Princess Royal, 25, 46, 102, 108, 117, Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, 201, 202, 208, 225, 230, 234, 237 184 Anniversaries, royal, 124, 152 Frederick, Prince of Wales, 144 Argyll, Presbytery of, 167 George I, 143, 145, 146, 150, 152, 182, Aristocracy – see Peerage 184, 208, 209 Army, British, 104 George II, 144, 150, 152, 153, 157, 186, cost of and impact on court culture, 75 226 loyalty, 180, 182–8 ‘James III’, 143 opposition to a standing army, 105, 108 William III, 183 reform of, 110 Birthday odes, 198

287

288 Index

Blair, James, 44 popularity, with servants, 125, 128 Blakeway, Robert, 38, 80 popularity, with subjects, 116, 118, 126, Bland, Henry, 178 153, 206, 207, 239 Blenheim Palace, 68 pregnancies and children, 33, 223, 228 Blickling Hall, Norfolk, 125 Protestant reputation, 33, 33–5, 36, 50, Bolingbroke, Viscount, Henry St. John, 20–1 55, 56 Bolton, Duke of, 85, 126 Caroline, Princess, daughter of George II, 94, Bonfires, 32, 144, 159, 186 159, 203, 228, 234 Book of Common Prayer, 96, 170 Carte, Thomas, 96 Boyce, William, 83 Carteret, Lord, 215, 219 Boyle, Robert, 92 Catherine of Braganza, Queen, 27 Boylston, Zabdiel, 94 Catholicism, 49, 56 Boyse, Joseph, 23 Chamberlayne, Edward, 43, 87 Bradbury, Thomas, 41 Chandler, Samuel, 54 Brathwaite, Thomas, 177 Chandos, James Brydges, Duke of, 84, 126 Brereton, Thomas, 38, 99 Chapel Royal, 83, 96, 97 Briefs, royal, 169 Charismatic leader, concept of, 38 Bristol, 48 Charlemont, Earl of, 205 Brooks, John, 139 Charles I, 22, 42, 43, 45, 62, 66, 143, 172 Bryneglwys, 171 Charles II, 22, 25, 39, 43, 60, 61, 62, 72, 79, Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 212 104, 116, 126, 143, 152, 172, 195, Buckingham Palace, 242 197, 205, 231 Bulkley, Charles, 203 Charles VI, Emperor, 34 Bunbury, Cheshire, 172 Charles XII of Sweden, 78 Burlington, Countess of, 209 Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, 42–3, 44 Burnley, 169 Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 33, 57, 84 Byrd, William, 210 Charlotte of Wales, Princess, 58 Cheere, Henry and John, 141 Caesar, Julius, 52 Chelsea Hospital, 130 Calderwood, Margaret, 102, 115, 118 Chesham, Buckinghamshire, 159 Cambridge, University of, 45, 135, 173, Cheshire, clergy of, 164 174–7 Chester, 182, 185, 188 Canons, Middlesex, 126, 127 Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, Earl of, 101, Carlisle, 132, 138, 166 204, 205 Carleton House, 222 Chesterton, G. K., 6 Card-playing, 203 Chichester, 132, 149 Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 68, 78, Church of England, 51, 55, 80, 162, 169 105 Church of Scotland, 80, 162, 166, 169 aristocracy and gentry, relations with, 138, Churchwardens, 145, 162 206, 214 Cibber, Colley, 116 art patronage, 41, 87, 92, 128, 139 Cicero, 56 ceremony, 100, 228 Civil List, 66, 67, 69, 73, 75 death, 35–6, 101, 171, 202, 208 Civil Wars, 45 George I, relations with, 37 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 60 George II, relations with, 33–7, 66, 213 Clarke, Alured, 36, 117 images Clarke, Samuel, 49, 90, 92 likened to Mary II, 35 Clavering, John, 116 as Prudence, 130 Claxton, Norfolk, 173 patronage Clegg, James, 51 Musical, 97 Clergy, 50, 163 Theological, intellectual, and scientific, Clifton Reynes, 146, 171 48, 51, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93, 219 Clinton, Lord, 231 personality, 201 Clothing political and social role, 199, 201, 206, on royal occasions, 198, 207, 224–6 216 Cobham, Viscount, 109, 126

Index 289

Colsborne, Richard, 124 Derham, William, 84 Commerce, 68, 71, 135, 140 Dering, Daniel, 207 Commissioners for Building Fifty New Desaguliers, J.T., 84 Churches, 131 Descartes, Rene,´ 89 Conduitt, John, 90 Dettingen, battle of, 26, 97, 106, 108, 139, Congreve, William, 54 149, 158 Constitution Club, Oxford, 186 D’Ewes, Sir Simonds, 42 Conti, Antonio, 86 Dining in public, 97, 101, 104, 200, 201, 222 Convention of Westminster, 31 Dissenters, 50, 82, 164 Conversation, 204 D’Offranville, Major Peter, 186 Cork, 132, 133, 150 Doggett, Thomas, 1 Coronations, 37 Doggett’s Coat and Badge Race, 1–2 anniversaries, 143, 144, 209 Doncaster, 154 celebrations, 144, 146, 149, 158, 185, 198 Dorset, Lionel Cranﬁeld, Duke of, 224, 240 customs, 155 Drinking glasses, 31, 141 service, 96, 100, 154, 230 Drogheda, 150 Cosby, Pole, 233 Drumming, 144 Couper, Synod of, 167 Dublin, 132, 133, 134, 140, 239 Courts Dufour, Capt. Louis, 131 attendance at, 208–10, 220, 223 Dumbarton, Presbytery of, 44 critiques of, 59–61 Dunton, John, 38 court life, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 209 Durham, 148, 151 household, 66–7, 70, 211 Dynasticism, 37, 40, 45, 47, 57, 86 as a place of information, 216, 217 as a public space, 218 Eaton Socon, Bedfordshire, 148 reputation of, 34, 203 Edinburgh, 132, 148, 182, 184 Court Whigs, 39 Edinburgh, University of, 175 Court studies, 13–15, 123 Edward III, 25–7 Coventry, 132, 181 Edward VI, 27 Cowper, Mary, Countess, 54, 208, 224 Edward, Prince of Wales, ‘the Black Prince’, Cowper, Spencer, 148, 157, 216 25–6 Cowper, William, Earl, 84 Egmont, John Perceval, Earl of, 36, 118, Craggs, James, 177 139, 145, 208, 215, 217, 219, 220, Cranbrook, Kent, 173 221, 226, 230 Cromwell, Richard, 154 Eleonore´ d’Olbreuse, Duchess of Celle, 50 Crosthwaite, Cumberland, 147 Elias, Norbert, 13–14, 228 Croxall, Samuel, 52 Elizabeth, Princess, Abbess of Herford, 87, Culloden, battle of, 150, 183 89 Cunha, Catherine da, 207 Elizabeth, Queen Consort of Bohemia, 40, Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, 41–4, 45, 49, 87 25, 51, 70, 85, 112, 114, 115, 125, Elizabeth I, 14, 24, 42, 57, 124, 142, 210 140, 147, 167, 176, 178, 202, 203, Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orleans, 49 216, 241 Elizabeth Christine, Queen of Prussia, 63, Cumberland Society, 181, 183 206 Ellison, Cuthbert, 110, 113–15 Dancing, 199 Engravers, 138 D’Anvers, Arthur, 26 Enlightenment, the, 75–6, 81–104 Darlington, Sophia Charlotte von and kingship, 95 Kielmansegg, Countess of, 87, 236 Episcopacy, 163, 165, 170, 213, 215 David, Claude, 141 Episcopalians, 166, 175 David, King, 39–40 Erasmus, 53 Declarations, royal, 79, 80 Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, 40, 43, Defoe, Daniel, 22, 23, 70, 224 49, 65, 74 Delvaux, Laurent, 129 Este, house of, 40 Dennis, John, 23 Eton College, 178

290 Index

Eusden, Laurence, 33 court and court life, 66–7, 73 Evans, General William, 131 George, Prince of Wales, relations with, Evelyn, Sir John, 201, 214, 221, 223, 230 69, 199–200, 219 Evelyn, John, 226 hereditary right of, 37, 40, 41 Excise Scheme and Crisis, 48, 109, 127, 194, historical reputation, 3–7, 24 215 images of Exclusion Crisis, 79 heir of William III, 24–5 Exeter, 138 Jove, 52, 130 soldier-king, 23 Faber, John, 140 St George, 27 Farquhar, George, 69 military interests, 74, 106, 108 Fasting, 167, 170 patronage Fife, Synod of, 167 art, 76, 78 Fireworks, 99, 144, 150, 151 music and theatre, 68, 219, 233, 235 Flamsteed, John, 85 philosophical and scientific interests, 84, Flitwick, Bedfordshire, 158 86, 87, 92, 93 Folkestone, 159 popularity of, 126, 148, 160 Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, 91 Protestant interests, 50, 82 Fordwiche, Viscount, George Cowper, 181 reserve, 116, 199, 204 Fountaine, Sir Andrew, 125 George II, 31, 46, 62, 68, 71, 117, 153, 170, Foxe, John, 30 176, 213, 220 France, 25, 31, 32, 60 accession, 177, 201 invasion by, 23, 134 anti-sacralism, 95, 97 Frederick I of Prussia, 63, 65, 66, 87, 206 Caroline of Ansbach, relations with, 35, Frederick II of Prussia, 30, 31, 55, 57, 63–4, 66, 101 76, 94, 95, 119 ceremony Frederick II of Hesse-Cassel, 47, 57, 241 enthusiasm for, 100, 228, 235 Frederick V of Denmark, 47 coronation, 100, 178, 181, 206 Frederick V of the Palatinate and Bohemia, court life, 66, 70–1, 199, 201, 202, 203 41, 42, 44 death of, 39, 56–7, 228 Frederick Henry, Prince, 42 Dettingen, 26, 106 Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, 20, 45, 47, financial caution, 69, 73, 149 84, 118, 147, 148, 171, 176, 201, Frederick, Prince of Wales, relations with, 202, 205, 214, 222, 237 219 Frederick William I of Prussia, 62, 63, 102, hereditary right, 37 111, 115, 119 Images of Freind, Robert, 128 Alfred the Great, 57 Frowde, Philip, 226 Elizabeth I, 57 Jove, 52 Gardens, royal, 66 soldier-king, 23 Gardening, 92, 126 St George, 28 Garter, Order of, 98 military interests, 105, 108, 110 Gay, John, 52, 231 Oudenarde, 24, 54 Gender, 36 patronage General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, artistic, 78, 92, 102, 196, 233 170 literary, 78 Gentleman’s Magazine, The, 159 musical, 236, 238 George I, 45, 48, 62, 64–6, 67, 74, 76, 86, scientific, 84 153, 170, 173, 176, 195 popularity of, 56, 148, 160 accession of, 1, 111, 170, 183 as Prince of Wales, 216 anti-sacralism, 95, 96 Protestant interests of, 50, 83 arrival in Britain, 98–100, 144, 147 rudeness, 219 birthday of, 45 sartorial interests, 225 ceremony, dislike of, 97, 98, 149 shyness, 204 coronation of, 96 unpopularity, 205

Index 291

George III, 20, 33, 56, 57, 62, 84, 87, 119, Harris, Joseph, 23 160, 198, 202, 220, 242 Hartwell, Buckinghamshire, 126 George IV, 195 Hastings, 155 George VI, 207, 243 Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 131 George, Prince of Denmark, 85 Hawstead, Suffolk, 146 Gesture, 220 Hearne, Thomas, 163, 176, 184 Gibbs, James, 126 Heath, James, 118 Gibson, Edmund, Bishop of London, 166, Heidegger, Johann, 68, 100, 237 179 Henley, 159 Gilchrist, James, 168 Henrietta Maria, Queen, 43 Glasgow, 132, 152–3 Henry II, 40 Glasgow, University of, 175 Henry V, 89 Glorious Revolution, 22, 143 Henry VIII, 25, 72, 114, 210 Gloucester, 133 Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales, 22, 26, 42, Godolphin, Francis Godolphin, Earl of, 114 212 Henry the Lion, 40, 65 Golden Square, 127 Hermitage, Richmond, The, 92 Gorbals, 153 Herrenhausen, 64, 66, 67, 71 God save great George our king, 234 Herring, Thomas, Archbishop of York, Gohrde,¨ 67 166 Gosport, Hampshire, 134 Hertford, Frances Seymour, Countess of, Gosset, Isaac, 141 204, 205, 226 Grafton, Duke of, 212 Hervey, Augustus, 204, 205 Granby, Marquess of, 183 Hervey, John, Lord, 7, 35, 47–8, 78, 100, Grantham, Earl of, 217 101, 104, 105, 108, 118, 194, 198, Gray, Thomas, 77 203, 204, 223, 230, 236 Great Budworth, Cheshire, 147 Hervey, Mary, Lady, 56 Great Casterton, Rutland, 171 Highlands, the, 182 Great Staughton, Huntingdonshire, 148 Highmore, Joseph, 137, 140 Greene, Maurice, 83, 97 Historiographer-Royal, 76 Greenwich, 99 Hobart, Baron, 125 Greenwich Palace, 72 Hogarth, William, 81, 238 Greenwich Royal Naval Hospital, 28, Holbein, Hans, 89 130 Holdernesse, Earl of, 217 Grey, Jemima, Marchioness, 234 Holyroodhouse, 241 Grosvenor, Sir Richard, 127 Hoober Stand, Wentworth Woodhouse, Grosvenor Square, 127 Yorkshire, 127 Guards, 219 Hooper, William, 59 Gun salutes, 148 Horace, 51, 52 Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, 31 Hotham, Sir Charles, 149 Hough, Thomas, 180 Habermas, Jurgen,¨ 9 Houghton Hall, Norfolk, 125, 223 Hackwood Park, Hampshire, 126 Hucks, William, 131 Hampton Court, 61, 62, 67–8, 69, 70, 84, Hudson, Thomas, 129, 137, 138, 87, 98, 195, 200, 201, 211, 242 140 Handel, George Frederick, 72, 97, 100, 104, Hull, 48 108, 202, 233, 234, 236 Hyde Park, 115 Hanover, 28, 30, 49, 70, 74, 116, 125, 171 court life, 64, 65, 66, 68, 73, 96, 102, 119, Ilkley, 174 199, 206 Illuminations, 46, 150, 186 Hanoverian entourage, 211, 216 Innkeepers, 158 royal visits to and return from, 71, 117, Inns, 159 147, 148, 184, 200, 221, 223 Inn signs, 31 Harding, Nathanael, 118 Inverness, 168 Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor, 166 Inverness, Presbytery of, 168

292 Index

Jacobitism, 5, 20, 24, 33, 34, 36, 44, 55, Leicester, 147 109, 127, 128, 140, 149, 150, 164, Leicester House, 200, 201 166, 168, 174, 178, 180, 232, 234 Leicester Square, 127, 222 Jacobite Rebellions Leineschloss, 64, 70, 102 ’15, 76, 97, 113, 147, 165, 182, 186, 214 Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, Prince, 58 ’19, 147 Levees and drawing rooms, 100 ’45, 25, 26, 28, 55, 97, 114, 127, 129, Lincoln, 132 141, 147, 153, 165, 176, 181, 182 Lincoln, Earl of, 224 James VI and I, 22, 40, 41, 44, 125, 210, 241 Liskeard, Cornwall, 173 James VII and II, 45, 60, 106, 152, 231, 241 Lloyd, William, Bishop of Worcester, 165 James Francis Edward Stuart, ‘James III’, 3, Locke, John, 91 24, 73, 96, 138, 167, 216, 241 London, city of, and loyalism, 132, 133, 144 Jennings, Admiral Sir John, 130 London Gazette, The, 80, 93, 154 Jephson, Alexander, 26 Longitude, 85 Jersey, States of, 134 Lorraine, Francis Stephen, Duke of, 69, 224 Jervas, Charles, 77, 125, 137 Louis XIV of France, 49, 59, 61, 62, 72, 183 Jessop, Arthur, 36, 55 court culture and kingship of, 14, 60, 75, Jewellery, 100 118, 119, 133, 204 John, King, 25, 40 Louis XV of France, 45, 78 John Frederick of Saxony, 22, 45 Louisa, Princess, 47, 148 Johnson, Samuel, 96 Louise Hollandine, Princess, Abbess of Johnston, James, 126 Maubuisson, 49, 87 Joseph I, 34 Loyalists, 25–6 Joseph II, 95, 119 Loyal and Friendly Society of the Blew and Josselin, Ralph, 60 Orange, 183 Jove, 52 Luther, Martin, 21 Jurin, James, 94 Lutheranism, 48 Lymington, Hampshire, 173 Kay, Richard, 71, 226 Kelso, 167 McEntyre, Patrick, 168, 180 Kendal, Melusine von der Schulenburg, Macclesﬁeld, 46 Duchess of, 203, 213, 217 Madon, Martin, 214 Kensington Palace, 68, 89, 92, 96, 102, 126, Madox, Thomas, 151 195, 197, 200, 211, 221, 223, 242 Manchester, 185 Kent, clergy of, 164 Manchester, Countess of, 228 Kent, Duke of, 128 Manchester, Duke of, 226 Kent, William, 68, 70–1, 77, 87, 91, 100, Manningham, Thomas, 164 102, 104, 137, 197, 207 Mar, John, Earl of, 73 Kew, 219 Marchmont, Earl of, 129 Kildare, Emily Fitzgerald, Countess of, 220 Marlborough, Wiltshire, 147 Kilrenny, 167 Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of, King, William, Archbishop of Dublin, 176 204, 206, 229, 235 Kingship, changing attitudes to, 75, 211, 212 Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, 96, Kirkcudbright, Presbytery of, 167 98 Kirkkaldy, Presbytery of, 167 Mary II, 35, 45, 60, 206, 229 Kirkpatrick, James, 44 Mary of Modena, 231 Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 125, 129, 137, 139, Mary, Princess, 47, 57, 202, 214 140, 159 Masquerades, 68, 219, 233, 237–8 Masters, Thomas, 28 L’Abbe,´ Anthony, 200 Matilda, Princess, 40 Lanark, 150, 152 Maundy dole, 96 Lanark, Synod of, 167 Maximilian, Prince, 49 Lavenham, Suffolk, 172 Mead, Ann, 150 Lee, Sir Thomas, 126 Mead, Dr Richard, 128 Leibniz, Gottfried, 40, 85, 86–90 Meadows, Dorothy, 216

Index 293

Medals and medallic art, 28, 40, 78, 141 Oxford, University of, 173, 174, 186 Mercier, Philip, 140 Middle Temple, The, 138 Paisley, 152 Miles Christianus, 21 Palaces royal (see also under names of Milton, John, 60 individual palaces), 218, 220 Minster, Isle of Sheppey, 173 Panegyric, 51, 53 Mint, see Royal Mint Parker, Sir Philip, 226 Mistresses, royal, 217 Parliament, 42, 75, 210, 212, 227 Molanus, Georg, 87 political culture of, 218 Molyneux, Samuel, 84 Parne, Thomas, 44 Monarchy, see under kingship, queenship, Patriotism, 20–1, 25, 32, 56 George I, George II, Caroline of Patriot Whigs, 26, 56, 105, 127 Ansbach, Frederick I, Frederick Patronage, 213 William I, Frederick II, and Joseph II Pearce, Edmund, 184 Monteage, Stephen, 145 Peerage, 99, 221, 224, 228, 231 Moore, John, Bishop of Ely, 176 British, 230 Moray, Synod of, 167 Irish, 230 Morell, Thomas, 92 Peerage Bill, 175 Morier, David, 108 Pembroke, Countess of, 227 Mourning, 227, 234 Pembroke, Earl of, 148, 212 Mughouses, 54, 159 Pendarves, Mary, 205, 207, 210, 232 Murray, John, 185 Peploe, Samuel, 165 Perth, Presbytery of, 169 Naming practices and loyalism, 128 Petitioning, 166, 214, 215 Narford Hall, Norfolk, 125 Philipps, Jenkin Thomas, 47, 76 National stereotypes, 6–7 Philipps, John, 105 Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of, Philips, J. C., 140 79, 135, 164, 165, 175, 176, 178, Piers, Sarah, Lady, 51 205, 212, 216, 223, 224, 236 Pine, Robert Edge, 137 Newcombe, Peter, 163 Plantagenets, the, 40 Newman, Henry, 118 Plymouth Citadel, 131 Newmarket, 117 Poet Laureate, ofﬁce of, 76 Newton, Sir Isaac, 85, 86–90, 91 Politicised sociability, 195 New Year’s Day, 198, 210 Polsworth, Lord, 209 Nicolson, William, Bishop of Carlisle, 166 Pond, Arthur, 140 Nimmo, Lady Jane, 129 Pope, Alexander, 198 Nine Years War, 61, 73 Portmore, Earl of, 226 Norfolk, Duke and Duchess of, 222 Portraiture, 124–41, 177 North Walsham, 172 Caroline of Ansbach, 131, 137 Norwich, 149 George I, 129, 131, 138, 140, 159 Nost, John, workshop of, 140 George II, 125, 129, 131, 133, 137, 138 Nottingham, 184 display of, 133 other royal portraits, 132, 133 Oaths of allegiance, 163 Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle,´ Duchess Odell, Thomas, 47, 51 of, 217 Old Testament, 38, 39 Potsdam, 63 Opera, 68, 235 Potter, John, Bishop of Oxford, 37, 165 Orange, cult of, 48 Pottery, 55, 57, 141 Orkney, 168 Poyntz, Stephen, 178 Orrery, Earl of, 220 Prayers for the monarch, 166, 170, 179 Orton, Huntingdonshire, 146 Presbyterian church structures and loyalism, Oudenarde, battle of, 54 166 Oughton, James, 181 Prescott, Henry, 185 Oxford, city of, 113, 154, 155, 156, 183, Press, the, 79, 80 185, 187, 188 Prince, Thomas, 19, 39

294 Index

Principal Painter, office of, 76, 77, 135 Ryswick, Treaty of, 61, 99 Prints, 92, 138 Print collecting, 139, 207 St. Andrew’s day, 198 Prior, Matthew, 61 St. Andrew’s, University of, 175, 176 Privy Council, 78, 99, 155, 170, 171, 216 St. David’s day, 198 Processions, 104, 156, 230 St. George, 27–8 Proclamations, 79, 169, 218 St. George’s, Bloomsbury, 131 Progresses, royal, 117 St. James’s Palace, 59, 67, 70, 71, 98, 99, Protestantism, 20, 21, 25, 28 104, 195, 196, 202, 211, 215, 221, European, 28, 29 242 Protestant culture, 22, 27 St. John’s College, Oxford, 177 Providence, 37, 44, 45, 93, 94 St. Paul, 21 Public sphere, 9, 83, 194, 232 St. Paul’s Cathedral, 73, 97, 117 Pufendorf, Samuel, 87 St. Paul’s School, London, 180 Salisbury, 115, 158 Queensberry, Catherine Hyde, Duchess of, Sanssouci, 64 231–2 Saul, 39 Queenship, 32–7, 206 Saussure, Cesar´ de, 158, 196, 228 Savage, John, 238 Ranelagh Gardens, 238 Savile, Gertrude, 56, 57, 107, 220, 232 Reading, 154 Saxe-Gotha, duchy of, 45, 76 Reception of pro-Georgian writings, 48– Saxons, 30 56 Schools, 177, 173–81 Red Braes, Berwickshire, 129 charity schools, 99, 179 Religious toleration, 82 public schools, 177 Representational culture, 75, 78, 81, 118 Scott, Sir Walter, 4 Restoration, The, 39, 59, 143, 171, 210 Scottish fashioning of the Georgian Reversionary interest, 221 monarchy, 44 Reviews, military, 63, 64, 107, 113–15 Scrofula (King’s Evil), 95 Richardson, James, 174 Season, The, 209, 223 Richmond, 70, 91, 92, 117, 195, 201 Seeman, Enoch, 138 Richmond, Charles Lennox, Duke of, 149, Sermons, 51, 54, 166 226 Settlement, Act of, 20, 25, 40, 49, 77, 125, Ridpath, George, 57 206, 211 Robethon, Jean de, 229 Seven Years War, 31, 64, 116 Robinson, Anastasia, 236 Seymour, Francis, 235 Rockingham Club, York, 133 Shackleton, John, 137 Rockingham, Marquess of, 127, 133 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Roman history, 38 Earl of, 118 Ross, Synod of, 167 Sheffield, 154, 158 Rossbach, battle of, 31 Shepeard, James, 180 Royal Academy of Music, 68, 235 Sherlock, Thomas, 108 Royal Exchange, London, 133 Shetland, Presbytery of, 170 Royal family, 147, 200, 201, 213, 233 Sidney, Algernon, 29 Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, 134 Sidney, Sir Philip, 29 Royal Mews, Charing Cross, 70 Silverware, 102 Royal Mint, 76 Sloane, Sir Hans, 93 Royal Society, The, 85, 94, 104 Smallpox inoculation, 92–5 Royalism, 38 Smith, John, 139, 140 Rupert, Prince, 42, 43, 60 Smith, Joseph, 135 Russell, Charles, 183 Social status, 227 Ruthin, 46 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge Ryder, Dudley, 107, 163, 227 (SPCK), 179 Rye House Plot, 79 Soldier-king, idea of, 21–58, 104–16 Rysbrack, John Michael, 41, 89, 197 Somerset, Charles Seymour, Duke of, 67

Index 295

Somerset, Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of, Towneley, Richard, 169 229 Townshend, Charles Townshend, Viscount, Sophia, Electress of Hanover, 40, 43, 48, 87, 135, 175, 187 89, 130, 206 Trapp, Joseph, 176 Sophia Charlotte, Queen of Prussia, 87, 89 Tudor dynasty, 22 Sophia Dorothea of Celle, 2, 33, 36 Turner, Thomas, 31 South Sea Bubble, 75 Twelfth Night, 198, 210 Spanish Succession, War of the, 61, 65, 73, 76 Universities, 174–7 Speeches to parliament, 37, 79, 80 University reform, 174 Stage Licensing Act, 233 Utrecht, Peace of, 26, 50, 112, 116 Stanhope, James Stanhope, Earl, 76 Stanhope, John, 234 Vallotton, Francis, 128 State, the, 161–2 Vanbrugh, Sir John, 68 Statues, 124, 140 Vanderbanck, John, 87–92, 140 Caroline of Ansbach, 127, 135 Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, 89, 135 George I, 79, 126, 127, 129, 131, 133, Vane, Henry, 157 134, 135, 141 Van Loo, Jean-Baptiste, 77 George II, 127, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135 Vauxhall Gardens, 72 civic, 48, 133 (see also under individual Vernon, Admiral Edward, 105 cities and towns) Verrio, Antonio, 195 other royal statues, 48, 131, 132, 133, 141 Verse, 38, 51, 53, 180 display of, 133 Vertue, George, 41, 137, 139, 140 Stevenson, Moses, 185 Vice-regal courts, 239 Stirling, 148 Vienna, 234, 238 Stonehewer, Richard, 76 Virgil, 51, 52, 130 Stowe, 92, 126 Visitations, archdeaconry, 170 Strelley, Nottinghamshire, 173 Voltaire, 10, 31, 87, 89, 95 Suffolk churches, 172 Suffolk, Henrietta Howard, Countess of, 7, Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, 149 125, 217 Wagstaffe, William, 95 Sunderland, Charles Spencer, Earl of, 79, 212 Wake, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, Sundon, Charlotte Clayton, Lady, 208 51, 164, 179, 215 Sussex, clergy of, 164 Waldegrave, James, Earl, 205 Swift, Deane, 215 Waldron, George, 40, 51 Wallis, Hannah, 198 Taplow, Buckinghamshire, 146 Walpole, Horace, 7, 30, 32, 57, 110, 197, Tenison, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 203, 222, 227 165 Walpole, Horatio, 216 Textile trade, 225 Walpole, Sir Robert, 48, 73, 77, 79, 80, 110, Thackeray, W. M., 4, 7 125, 178, 212, 215, 221, 231 Thanksgiving days, 96, 97, 147, 150, 167, Warminster, Wiltshire, 147 169 Warton, Sir Michael, 149 Theatres, 68, 69, 233 Watts, Isaac, 51 Thirty Years War, 41, 42, 56 Weddings, royal, 202 Thoresby, Ralph, 54, 99 Welsh loyalism, 32, 145 Thornhill, Sir James, 28, 68, 127, 130, 196 Westminster, 145 Thurso, 168 Westminster School, 178 Thurston, Samuel, 156 Westphalia, Peace of, 43 Toasts, 28, 158, 182, 188 West Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, 147 Tobacco, 144 Wharton, Philip, Duke of, 222 Toleration Act, 82 Whiston, William, 49 Tories, 222 Whiston, Yorkshire, 172 Tourism, 130 Whitaker, Jeffery, 202 Tower of London, 148, 150, 182 White, Thomas, 131

296 Index

White Horse of Hanover, 141, 171 Windsor Castle, 67, 72, 178, 195, 215, Whitechapel, 53 242 Whitehall Palace, 67, 69, 73, 106, 107, 196, Witton, Cheshire, 147 207, 211 Wolfe, James, 32, 111 Wightman, General Joseph, 184 Wollaston, William, 92 Wigtown, Presbytery of, 167 Wootton, John, 108, 125 Wilkes, John, 55 Worcester Cathedral, 131 Willes, Sir John, 129 Worsdale, James, 137 Willet, Andrew, 41 Worsely, Frances, 229 William III, 22, 24, 26, 35, 45, 46, 48, 60, Wortley Montagu, Lady Mary, 7, 93, 62, 67, 79, 95, 98, 99, 109, 126, 130, 209 183, 204, 211 Wren, Sir Christopher, 61 William IV of Orange, 25, 46, 47, 55 Wrenbury, Cheshire, 147 William VIII of Hesse-Cassel, 57 Wybunbury, Cheshire, 158 Williamson, Talbot, 228 Willis, Richard, Bishop of Gloucester, 165 Yarmouth, Amalie von Walmoden, Countess Wilson, Thomas, 214, 238 of, 213, 217 Wilton, Wiltshire, 148 Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 173 Winchester College, 177 York, 133, 166 Winchester Palace, 72 Young, Edward, 30 Window-breaking, 150 Youth, 180, 182–8, 209