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Urban and Industry The Southland Economic Project URBAN AND INDUSTRY SOUTHLAND DISTRICT COUNCIL Cover photo: Matāura looking south across the Matāura River Source: Emma Moran The Southland Economic Project: Urban and Industry Technical Report May 2018 Editing Team: Emma Moran – Senior Policy Analyst/Economist (Environment Southland) Denise McKay – Policy and Planning Administrator (Environment Southland) Sue Bennett – Principal Environmental Scientist (Stantec) Stephen West – Principal Consents Officer (Environment Southland) Karen Wilson – Senior Science Co-ordinator (Environment Southland) SRC Publication No 2018-17 Document Quality Control Environment Policy, lanning and egulatory ervices Southland Division Report reference Title: The outhland conomic roject: Urb an ndustry No: 2018-17 Emma Moran, enio olicy nalyst/Economist, nvironment outhland Denis McKay, licy d anning Administrator, nvironment outhland Prepared by Sue ennett, Principal nvironmental cientist, tantec Stephen est, Principal onsents fficer, Environment Southland Karen ilson, enio cience o-ordinator, nvironment Southland Reviewed by: Ke urray, RMA anner, Departmen f onservation Approved for issue by The overnance ro or he outhlan conomic roject Date issued ay 2018 Project Code 03220.1302 Document History Version Final Status: Final Date May 2018 Doc ID: 978-0-909073-41-1 municipal fi i thi reproduced from consultants’ outputs devel wi territorial authoriti Southl Distri Council Southl Distri Council Invercargill Ci Council l reasonabl nformati withi thi incl esti cul average concentrations over four years Disclaimer multiplied by the annual flows. This is a ‘broad brush’ calculati i may di Envi Southl accounti contami National Poli val thi i system’s existing performance (the base) and its upgrade scenarios. Citation Advice Moran, ., McKay D., Bennett, ., West, ., an Wilson, . (2018) The outhlan conomic Full report Project: Urban an ndustry Technical eport Publication o 2018-17 Environment Southland, nvercargill, ew ealand 383pp © All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or copied in any form, without the permission of Environment Southland. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system The Southland Economic Project This report has been produced by The Southland Economic Project for ater and and Beyond. The aim of this roject is to create ways of understanding the possible socio-economic impacts of achieving ‘limits’ for fresh water in outhland under the ational olicy tatement for Freshwater anagement (2017). The roject is a oint venture between airyNZ, eef amb ew Zealand td., Department of Conservation Ministry for rimary Industries, Ministry for the nvironment, outhland hamber of Commerce, Te Ao Mārama, and Environment Southland. It also closely involves Invercargill ity ouncil, outhland District Council and ore istrict Council (the three territorial authorities in outhland), as well as eer ndustry ew ealand and New ealand Deer armers ssociation (Southland ranch). The roject has had support from Foundation for rable esearch and orticulture ew ealand and forestry companies: Southwood and ayonier. The roject is undertaking three major studies that flow on from each other: Study 1: Economic Sectors: . Agriculture and orestry B. rban and ndustry Study 2: The Southland Economy (The outhland conomic Model for ater) Study 3: Community Outcomes This report is an output from the rban and ndustry component of tudy 1. The report and its related datasets are being used in the development of The outhland conomic Model for resh Water within tudy 2. Study 3 uses information from this model to understand the connections between Southland’s economy and local communities across the region. iii iv Preface This report presents research nertaken for The Southland Economic Project The research is containe in Part C an its context is escrie in Parts A and B Specific sections of this report are written with particlar athors as ientifie elow. Environment outhlan staff contrite to these sections an rote all other sections. The research incles estimates of contaminant loas from astewater treatment systems that ere calculated as the average concentrations over four years multiplied by the annual flows. This is a ‘broad brush’ calculation method and it may e ifferent to that se Environment othlan for the freshater acconting of contaminants ner the ational olicy Statement for reshater anagement. he vale of this research is the comparison between the results for a treatment system’s existing performance (the ase) an its pgrae scenarios. Stantec: he ocments were prepare on ehalf of othlan istrict oncil, ore istrict oncil an nvercargill City Concil. o liaility is accepte this compan or any employee or sub- consltant of this compan with respect to its se an other person This isclaimer shall apply notwithstaning that the ocments may e mae availale to other persons for an application for permission or approval to fulfil a legal requirement. Market Economics: Althogh every effort has een mae to ensre accracy an reliaility of the ocment spplied, neither Market conomics imite nor an of its employees shall e hel liale for this information opinions an forecasts expresse in this ocment. Part A: Southland Climate: ryon ughes, an ater eople Ltd. Climate Change: r Christian ammit Group anager and rogramme eader - Hydrological rocesses an ater esorces), ational nstitte of ater an tmospheric esearch NIWA). Part B: Towns and Industry Gore District Sarah rooks (Director, ieldwork t.) for Gore istrict ouncil. Invercargill City District Malcolm oan (Drainage and olid aste anager), drian ocker 3 ater Operations echnologist), Alistair urray (Water anager, Invercargill ity ouncil. Southland District Ian vans (Strategic anager ater and aste), Sothlan istrict oncil. Part C: Town Case Studies Sue ennett Principal nvironmental cientist), Richard ennett (Technical iscipline ead, ivil Water) an Kirsten oray, enior nvironmental Engineer, tantec ew ealan Tilly rasms (Analyst) an awrence McIlrath Director), arket conomics td. Gore and Matāura Sarah rooks Director, ieldwork t.) for ore istrict ouncil. Invercargill and Bluff: Malcolm oan Drainage and olid aste anager) and drian ocker 3 aters Operations echnologist), nvercargill ity ouncil. Winton, Nightcaps, Ohai, and Te Anau Ian vans Strategic anager ater and aste), Southland District ouncil. v Acknowledgements As with everything to do with water uality, understanding the costs and effectiveness of municipal wastewater treatment is a complex task and reuires a great deal of transdisciplinary nowledge and understanding. The three territorial authorities and two consultancies inolved in this research have made substantial commitment to work together with nironment outhland to make this report possible. ach organisation and individual that has brought their expertise to this work has made an inestment in the future of the outhland. There are many people who have made inaluable contributions to this report. Huge thans must go to arah rooks DC), atthew ayliss DC), aul ithers ex-GDC), Malcolm oan CC), and Ian vans SDC). Without their willingness to share their wealth of nowledge and expertise this report would still be on the drawing board. Thans also to Marcus Roy SDC), ourtney llison SDC), Rebecca lythe SDC), and the entire Environment Southland’s Policy & Planning Team. Grateful thans to imon, arry and ate oran for their help and patience over many months. ppreciation is also due to the reviewer en Murray DOC) for his informed and helpful comments, to Matt Couldrey Land and Water cience) for his expert work on the maps, and to ussell annan and leur Matthews for their proof reading of the draft report. All of these people and organisations have made this commitment to make sure that information and understanding on the possible economic impacts is readily available as outhland enters into the process of setting of limits for water. Image 1: Ōreti Beach Source Emma oran i Executive Summary Water, and the land it flows through has a natural caacity for rocessing (or attenuating) sustances, such as nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and hoshorus) and microiological organisms (as indicated y the resence of E. coli. When y-roducts rom human activity (e.g. agriculture, forestry, manuacturing, tourism or local government) end u in ater as aste, then this natural capacity is ‘used’ or taken up. The waste adds to in-stream concentrations and loads or total amounts) of contaminants, and can cause ater uality issues. n-stream concentrations tend to e the ocus or rivers and groundater; while loads are especially relevant or groundwater, lakes and estuaries, hich act as ‘sinks’ or these sustances. Many new initiatives are eing introduced that are designed to imrove how eole use ater – in this context the ‘use’ of water is in a broad sense, as a water take and to receive aste substances (or contaminants). At the centre of these eforts is the National Policy Statement or reshwater Management (2017), which requires environmental ‘limits’ to be set to safeguard values, such as ecosystem health and human health. A limit is the maximum amount of a resource availale to e used and they must e set or ater uantity and ater uality. As part of implementing the ational Policy Statement for reshwater anagement 2017), Southland has een divided into ive reshater management units (FMUs ased on the four large river catchments and the mass of smaller river
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