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The First Report of Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from the Brown-Banded Cockroach, Supella Longipalpa, in Ahvaz, South-Western Iran

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The First Report of Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from the Brown-Banded Cockroach, Supella Longipalpa, in Ahvaz, South-Western Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, June 2014, 8(1): 53–59 B Vazirianzadeh et al.: The First Report of … Original Article The First Report of Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from the Brown-Banded Cockroach, Supella longipalpa, in Ahvaz, South-western Iran Babak Vazirianzadeh 1, *Rouhullah Dehghani 2, Manijeh Mehdinejad 3, Mona Sharififard 4, Nersi Nasirabadi 3 1Department of Medical Entomology, College of Health and Infectious and Tropical disease Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Social Determinants of Health (SDH),Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 3Departments of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 4Departments of Medical Entomology, College of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sci- ences, Ahvaz, Iran (Received 7 July 2012; accepted 30 June 2013) Abstract Background: The brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa is known as a carrier of pathogenic bacteria in ur- ban environments, but its role is not well documented regarding the carriage of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacte- ria in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance bacteria isolated from the brown-banded cockroach in Ahvaz, south west of Iran. Methods: Totally 39 cockroaches were collected from kitchen area of houses and identified. All specimens were cultured to isolate the bacterial agents on blood agar and MacConky agar media. The microorganisms were identified using necessary differential and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for isolated or- ganisms by Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion according to NCLI guideline, using 18 antibiotics. Results: From the 39 collected S. langipalpa, 179 bacterial agents were isolated, 92 of alimentary ducts and 87 of external body surfaces. Isolated bacteria from cockroaches were identified as Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., coagulase negative staphylococci, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus species. The pattern resistance rates were determined for gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci regarding 18 antibiotics. Conclusion: The brown-banded cockroach can be involved in the spread of drug resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of contacting human environment to drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, the potential of removing this in- sect should be improved. This is the first original report of drug resistant bacteria isolated from the brown-banded cockroach of Iran. Keywords: Supella longipalpa, Drug Resistant Bacteria, Iran Introduction Cockroaches are the most abundant and 2005). Cockroaches feed indiscriminately on important pest insects that inhabit various garbage and sewage and so have copious op- public places such as hospitals, food manu- portunity to disseminate human pathogens. facturing sites and kitchens (Ebelling 1978, In addition, their nocturnal and filthy habits Burgess and Chetwyn 1979). Cockroaches have make them ideal carriers of various patho- been considered as transmitters and spreaders genic microorganisms (Allen 1978, Graczyk of pathogenic bacteria in hospitals and house- et al. 2005, Pai et al. 2005). holds or residential areas (Lamiaa Bouamama So far numerous pathogenic bacteria, in- 53 *Corresponding author: Dr Rouhullah Dehghani, E- mail: [email protected] http://jad.tums.ac.ir Published Online: December 18, 2013 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, June 2014, 8(1): 53–59 B Vazirianzadeh et al.: The First Report of … cluding Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Cam- resistance bacteria isolated from external pylobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and surfaces and digestive tract of the brown- K. pneumonia have been isolated from cock- banded cockroaches (S. longipalpa) which roaches (Cotton et al. 2000). were collected from kitchen area of houses Antibiotic resistance is a serious public- of Ahvaz, south west of Iran. health problem, reduced effectiveness of an- tibiotics results in greater patient mortality Materials and Methods rates, prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare costs. The economic impact of an- A total of 39 cockroaches were collected tibiotic resistance has been estimated be- from kitchen area of houses, Ahvaz SW Iran. tween $5 and $24 billion annually in the The samples were transported to the medical United States alone (Hall 2004). Insects as- entomology laboratory of Ahvaz Jundyshapur sociated with food animals, especially cock- University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) and roaches not only are important nuisance pests placed in the sterile dishes in freeze-temper- but also potential vectors of animal and human ature for 10 15min to anaesthetize them. pathogens. Organic waste in and around animal – The cockroaches were identified after immo- production facilities provide excellent habi- bilization by freezing, using keys of Depart- tats for the growth and development of these ment of Entomology and Nematology Univer- insects. Because of their habitat preferences, sity of Floridaas and Cohran (Cochran 1999). unrestricted movement, mode of feeding, and Afterward, two samples were taken from attraction to residential areas, cockroaches each cockroach, one of external surface body have a great potential to disseminate fecal with sterile cotton swabs and the other one bacteria, including human and animal path- directly from alimentary duct after dissecting ogens and antibiotic resistant strains (Zurek the insects. All specimens were cultured to and Gorham 2008, Graczyk et al. 2001). isolate the bacterial agents on blood agar and The brown-banded cockroach, Supella Mac Conky agar media (Himedia India and longipalpa, is a small species of cockroach, Merck Germany). The microorganisms were measuring about 10 to 14,mm long. Cock- identified using necessary differential and bi- roaches like S. longipalpa which live in drier ochemical tests. parts of houses can harbor and transmit the Cultured media were incubated at 37 C different bacteria within and between prem- ˚ for 24 hours. The various bacteria growth on ises because of small bodies. This leads to the agar media were identified by colonial spread the bacteria which may be pathogenic morphology on blood agar plates, Gram and antibiotic resistance, potentially (Man- stains characteristics. In addition, other nec- weiler 1998, Gibson and Hunter 2009). essary biochemical tests including: oxidase, There are insufficient data on the poten- catalase, motility, coagulase, indole, methylred, tial health impact of this species in the resi- voges proskaeur (MRVP), gelatine hydroly- dent areas of Iran. More infestation with this sis, gas from glucose, H2S production and species has recently been reported from ur- acid produced from various sugar according ban environments of Iran, but its role is not to standard microbiological procedures were well documented regarding the carriage of also used for identification (Forbes et al. antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in Iran. 2002, Jorgensen et al. 2005). This is the first original report of drug re- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was sistant bacteria isolated from the brown- performed for isolated organisms by Kirby- banded cockroach of Ahvaz and Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the Bauer’s disk diffusion according to Clinical and 54 http://jad.tums.ac.ir Published Online: December 18, 2013 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, June 2014, 8(1): 53–59 B Vazirianzadeh et al.: The First Report of … Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guide- spp., Citrobacter spp., E. coli, Salmonella line. Antibiotic disks were used and the sus- spp., Proteus spp., coagulase negative staph- ceptibility pattern of isolated from samples to ylococci, S. marcescens, Staphylococcus commonly used antibiotics was then report- aureus, and Bacillus species. ed. The antibiotic disks (padten Teb, Tehran, The pattern resistance rates were deter- Iran) comprised ampicillin (10μg), cephalothin mined for gram negative bacilli and gram pos- (30μg), ceftriaxone (30μg), ciproflexoxacin itive cocci regarding 18 antibiotics. Among (5μg), chloramphenicol (30μg), gentamicin all the isolates Gram negative bacilli, from (10μg), tetracycline (30μg), trimethoprim- kitchen area of houses, ampicillin, cephalothin, sulfamethoxazole (25μg), ceftazidime (10μg), ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, amikacin (30μg), nitrofurantoin (300μg), na- trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefalexin and lidixic acid (30μg), cefalexin (10μg), imipenem tetracycline, resistance rates were above 52.4% (10μg), vancomycin (30μg), cefotaxime (10μg), and cefotaxime expressed the highest sus- kanamycin (30μg), and penicillin (10μg) ceptibility among all the isolates from the guidelines to determine susceptibility of kitchen area of houses. Among all the iso- UTIs agents (CLSI 2002, Mpuchane 2006). lates Gram positive cocci, from kitchen area of houses, ampicillin, amikacin penicillin, Results ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, cefalexin, cefotaxime and tetracycline, resistance rates From 39 collected S. langipalpa, 179 bac- were above 53.8% and ciproflexoxacin ex- terial agents were isolated, 92 of alimentary pressed the highest susceptibility among all ducts and 87 of external body surfaces (Ta- the isolates from the kitchen area of houses ble 1). Isolated bacteria from cockroaches (Table 2). were identified as Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella Table 1. Frequency
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