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BROADENING the GENETIC BASE of PIGEONPEA by the UTILIZATION of Cajanus SPECIES from SECONDARY and TERTIARY GENE POOLS a THESIS Submitted

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BROADENING THE GENETIC BASE OF PIGEONPEA BY THE UTILIZATION OF Cajanus SPECIES FROM SECONDARY AND TERTIARY GENE POOLS A THESIS Submitted for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY Submitted by Sandhya Rani Vanam Department of Plant Science Center of Excellence in Life Sciences Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli - 620 024 Tamil Nadu, India 2014 BROADENING THE GENETIC BASE OF PIGEONPEA BY THE UTILIZATION OF Cajanus SPECIES FROM SECONDARY AND TERTIARY GENE POOLS Thesis submitted to Bharathidasan University for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY By SANDHYA RANI VANAM (Ref.14396/PhD1/Botany/ Oct 2010/ FT/Confirmation/ Date.16.10.2012) Under the Guidance of Dr. M.V. Rao Professor Department of Plant Science Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu & Under the Co-guidance of Dr. Nalini Mallikarjuna Principal Scientist-Biotechnology International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620024 TAMIL NADU, INDIA JUNE 2014 This thesis is dedicated to: My Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who brought me into the light and glory of salvation through His example, sacrifice, death, and resurrection, and showed me the meaning of love. First of all I would like to thank my LORD Jesus Christ for not only making the lovely area, in which I could do this study, but also for helping me, and enabling me to carry out this study. All praise, honour and glory to my Lord Jesus Christ for His richest grace and mercy for the accomplishment of this thesis. Without His strengthening and encouragement, this thesis would not exist. CERTIFICATE-I This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis entitled “Broadening the genetic base of pigeonpea by the utilization of Cajanus species from secondary and tertiary gene pools” is the record of bonafide research carried out in the Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, by Mrs. Sandhy Rani Vanam, under my guidance and also co-guidance of Dr. Nalini Mallikarjuna, Principal Scientist- Biotechnology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh. This is submitted for the award of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Botany of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. I further certify that the research work is original and the data presented in the thesis are based on her own observations and no portion thereof has been submitted elsewhere in part or full for any other degree, diploma, associateship of fellowship of any other university. (M.V.RAO) RESEARCH SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATE-II This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Broadening the genetic base of pigeonpea by the utilization of Cajanus species from secondary and tertiary gene pools.” that is being submitted by Ms. Vanam Sandhya Rani in partial fulfillment for the award of Ph.D. in Department of Botany to the Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu is a record of bonafide work carried out by her under our guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Signature of Co-Supervisor Signature of Supervisor Dr. Nalini Mallikarjuna Dr. M.V. Rao Principal Scientist Professor and Head Legume Cell Biology Department of Plant Science Grain Legumes Bharathidasan University ICRISAT Tiruchirappalli - 620 024 Patancheru - 302324 Tamil Nadu, India Hyderabad, India CERTIFICATE-III This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Broadening the genetic base of pigeonpea by the utilization of Cajanus species from secondary and tertiary gene pools” that is being submitted by Ms. Sandhya Rani Vanam in partial fulfillment for the award of Ph.D. in the Department of Botany to the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu is a record of bonafide work carried out by her at our organization/institution. Signature of Head/Director of Organization/Institution Name and Designation Dr. Rajeev K. Varshney, Ph. D., FNAAS Research Program Director- Grain Legumes Director- Center of Excellence in Genomics (CEG) ICRISAT, Patancheru-502 324 Email: [email protected] Tel: 040-30713305 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work embodied in this thesis has been originally carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. M.V. Rao, Professor and Head, Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India and also co-guidance of Dr. Nalini Mallikarjuna, Principal Scientist-Biotechnology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India. I further assure that this work has not been submitted either in whole or part for any other degree or diploma at any other university. Place: Tiruchirappalli Signature of Candidate Date: (Sandhya Rani Vanam) Acknowledgements Endless compassion of Almighty turns my difficult task to a feeling of pleasant journey of my life. Emotions cannot be adequately expressed in words because emotions are transformed into a mere formality. Hence, my acknowledgements are many times more than what I am expressing here. I have received a lot of ad-hoc response from many generous grandees in many quarters to those pain stacking days encompassing the research work. I wish to vow my genuflexion with deep sense of gratitude to my co-supervisor Dr. Nalini Mallikarjuna, Principal Scientist, Department of Legume Cell Biology, ICRISAT, for her conscientious guidance, gracious, cordial and meticulous explications and encapsilative remarks towards the representation of this dissertation. Her valuable suggestions brought a panacea for me dealing with this research work. I can truly say that whatever she has done for me is not possible for every advisor to do for their advisee. At this stage I feel pleasure to express my profound regards, indebtness and gratitude to my supervisor Dr. M. V. Rao, Professor and Head, Department of Plant Science, , Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024 Tamil Nadu, for his expedient advice, debonair discussion, innovative ideas, abiding interest and invaluable support during this tenure of research work. This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance; moral support and the kind help of Dr. Rajeev K Varshney, Research Program Director, Grain Legumes, and Director- Center of Excellence in Genomics (CEG). I am sincerely obliged and indebted for his peer guidance, endless support, encouragement and able direction during last 6 months of my research project. With respect, regards and immense pleasure, I wish to acknowledge and express sincere thanks from bottom of my heart to several scientists including Dr. K.P.M.S.V. Padmasree, Associate Professor, Dept. of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Dr. Rachit K Saxena, Scientist, Aplied Genomics, ICRISAT and Dr. Riyazul rouf Mir, Scientist, ICRISAT for providing lab facilities to complete some of my research works with their constructive comments, valuable suggestions, immense help and enthusiastic discussions. I wish to express my sincere thanks for their critical evaluation and emending suggestions in the preparation of scientific papers for journals and in achieving the final form of dissertation. I am heartily thankful to Dr.V.M. Muthukumar, Hon. Vice-chancellor and Dr. E. Ramganesh, Registrar, Bhrathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for providing facilities and resources during my Ph.D. research programme. I wish to thank Dr. N.Jayabalan- Professor, Dr. M.B.Viswanathan-Professor, Dr. B.D.Ranjitha Kumari- Professor, Dr. A.Lakshmi Prabha- Asst Professor, Dr. M.sathiyabama- Asst Professor and Dr. S.R. Sivakumar-Asst Professor, Dept. of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University. A depth of gratitude is owed to Dr. William Dollente Dar, Director General and Dr. C.L.L Gowda, Deputy Director General of the ICRISAT for giving me opportunity to work in one of the best labs of International standards. I am thankful to Dr. Shivali Sharma, scientist, Wide hybridization Lab for her administrative help during last few months my stay at ICRISAT. I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Rosana P Mula, the LSU Co-ordinator and other staff of LSU for providing administrative help and Mr. Madan M, Mr. Gautham T.L and other staff for providingthe Library facilities. My sincere thanks to Mr. Nagaraju T from Reprographic unit for his all time support, kind help and encouragement during my stay at ICRISAT. I would like to thank Mr. Sk Meeravali and Mr. MNR Ramesh, Strategic Marketing & Communication for their timely help in preparing Posters. It is my immense pleasure to render sincere regards to Dr. Deepak Jadhav, scientific officer, Department of Legume Cell Biology for his kind support and encouragement and guiding me to complete a small portion of my Ph. D research. I render special thanks to Mr. Balakrishna, Mr. Satyanaraya, Mr. Gafoor (AGL), Mr. Avinash, Ms. Amrutha and Ms. Lakshmi for providing technical support. I place on record my heartfelt thanks to my labmates and friends Ms. Revathi Lakshmi S, Mr. Parthibhan S, Mr. Ahamed Sherif N, Ms. Senbagalakshmi P, Mr. Muthukumar M, Mr. Muthukrishnan S, Mr. Thaniarasu R, Mr. Baradwaj RG, Ms. Pushpavalli R, Mr. Santosh Kumar VV and Mr. Rakesh Kumar Verma Dr. Lekha P T, Ms. Sameera P, Ms. Krishna Shilpa , Ms. Swath P, Ms Swathi M, Mr. Mohan raj, Mr. Lokya, Mr. Srinivas and Mr. Abhay. With immense pleasure to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Suri Seghal, Dr. M. D Gupta, Dr. Hanumantharaya and P. Vani Sekhar for providing their support and encouragement during my stay at ICRISAT. Also, Suri Seghal foundation is gratefully acknowledged for providing me the financial support during my Ph D. I feel blessed to have my husband Mr. T. Srikanth in my life, who was the constant inspiration for me to carry out the research and gave emotional support whenever I had difficult times. I feel happy to have my husband who have traveled every step of this journey by cheering me up and stood by me through the good and hard times.
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  • Immature Stages of Exelastis Plume Moths in Florida (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae: Platyptiliinae)

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    Vol. 5 No. 1 1994 MATTHEWS, HABECK & LANDRY: Exelastis Plume Moth Immatures 43 TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 5(1): 43-53 IMMATURE STAGES OF EXELASTIS PLUME MOTHS IN FLORIDA (LEPIDOPTERA: PTEROPHORIDAE: PLATYPTILIINAE) DEBORAH L. MATTHEWS1, DALE H. HABECK1, AND BERNARD LANDRY2 'Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, USA; and 2Biological Research Division, CLBRR, Neatby Bldg., CEF, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada ABSTRACT.- Last instar larvae and pupae are described for three plume moths, Exelastis cervinicolor, E. rhynchosiae, and E. pumilio. A key to the known larvae of this legume-feeding genus is given for Florida. The new combination Exelastis rhynchosiae, formerly Stenoptilia, is presented. Comparisons of the immature and adult characters of the three species are discussed to support the new combination. KEY WORDS: Adaina, Africa, Arkansas, Asteraceae, Austral Is., behavior, biology, Borneo, Cayman Is., chaetotaxy, China, Compositae, Cuba, distribution, Ecuador, Fabaceae, Fuscoptilia, Galapagos Is., Gentianaceae, Haiti, hostplants, immature stages, India, Jamaica, larva, Leguminosae, Marantaceae, Marasmarcha, Marquesas, Maryland, morphology, Nearctic, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Jersey, Oxalidaceae, plume moth, Pterophorinae, Puerto Rico, pupa, Ryukyu Is., Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sphenarches, Stenoptilia, Taiwan, Texas, Tomotilus, USA. Plume moth larvae feed on a variety of plant families, but most and Lablab purpureus, where these plants are major crops. In use species of Asteraceae. Known larvae of a small group of Florida the primary host of S. anisodactylus is the aquatic species belonging to the genera Exelastis Meyrick (1907) and monocot Thalia geniculata L. (Marantaceae); the larva has not Marasmarcha Meyrick (1886) feed on species of Fabaceae been found on any Fabaceae (Cassani et al., 1990).
  • A Revision of Cajanus Adans. (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) in Thailand

    A Revision of Cajanus Adans. (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) in Thailand

    THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(1): 76–89. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.1.12 A revision of Cajanus Adans. (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) in Thailand CHARAN LEERATIWONG1,*, JIRATTHI SATTHAPHORN1, PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI2 & SAWAI MATTAPHA3 ABSTRACT The genus Cajanus in Thailand is revised. It comprises five species, C. cajan, C. elongatus, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides and C. volubilis. A key, descriptions, distributions and ecological data, vernacular names and photographs are presented. A lectotype for Atylosia siamensis is designated here. One species, C. elongatus, is a new record for Thailand. KEYWORDS: Cajaninae, lectotype, new record, Phaseoleae. Published online: 23 July 2018 INTRODUCTION In Thailand, four species have been recorded (Craib, 1928; Pooma & Suddee, 2014). However, a Cajanus is a genus in the family Fabaceae thorough overview of the nomenclature and complete (subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Phaseoleae, subtribe information on the morphology of all Thai species Cajaninae) (Schrire, 2005), and comprises about 34 is still lacking and needed for the forthcoming Flora species distributed in Western Africa, the Indian of Thailand account on the Papilionoids. This article subcontinent, Eastern to South-Eastern Asia, Malesia introduces a newly recorded species and lectotypifies and Northern Australia (Schrire, 2005). This genus a name. was first described and named asCajan by Adanson (1763) who separated it from the genus Cytisus L. (based on Cytisus cajan L.). However, Parkinson MATERIALS AND METHODS (1987) commented on Adanson’s generic names and The collections in the field were conducted in concluded that these names are all invalid, because Thailand and specimens from the following herbaria they are identical to and used simultaneously as were studied: A, AAU, BK, BKF, BM, C, CMU, species descriptions.
  • Morphological and Chemical Components of Resistance to Pod Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera in Wild Relatives of Pigeonpea

    Morphological and Chemical Components of Resistance to Pod Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera in Wild Relatives of Pigeonpea

    Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2009) 3:151–161 DOI 10.1007/s11829-009-9068-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Morphological and chemical components of resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in wild relatives of pigeonpea H. C. Sharma Æ G. Sujana Æ D. Manohar Rao Received: 25 September 2008 / Accepted: 5 June 2009 / Published online: 19 June 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Host plant resistance is an important compo- Accessions of wild relatives of pigeonpea with non-glan- nent for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer, dular trichomes (type C and D) or low densities of glan- Helicoverpa armigera, which is the most devastating pest dular trichomes (type A), and high amounts of polyphenols of pigeonpea. An understanding of different morphological and tannins may be used in wide hybridization to develop and biochemical components of resistance is essential for pigeonpea cultivars with resistance to H. armigera. developing strategies to breed for resistance to insect pests. Therefore, we studied the morphological and biochemical Keywords Host plant resistance Á Wild pigeonpea Á components associated with expression of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera Á Morphological and biochemical H. armigera in wild relatives of pigeonpea to identify components of resistance accessions with a diverse combination of characteristics associated with resistance to this pest. Among the wild relatives, oviposition non-preference was an important Introduction component of resistance in Cajanus scarabaeoides, while heavy egg-laying was recorded on C. cajanifolius (ICPW More than 200 species of insects feed on pigeonpea, of 28) and Rhynchosia bracteata (ICPW 214). Accessions which the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) belonging to R.