Modern Approaches in Pest and Disease Management Modern Approaches in Pest and Disease Management First Edition: 2019 ISBN: 978-1-913482-94-7 Price: Rs. 1500 (£16) Copyright © Author Disclaimer: The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the book chapters compiled in this book. The editors or publisher do not take any, responsibility for same in any manner. Errors, if any are purely unintentional and readers are requested to communicate such errors to the editors or publisher to avoid discrepancies in future. Printed & Published by: Rubicon Publications 4/4A Bloomsbury Square Bloomsbury Square, London WC/A 2RP, England e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.rubiconpublications.com Editors Dr. Rashmi Nigam Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat, UP Dr. Joginder Singh Assistant Professor, Horticulture Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat, UP Dr. Rajendra Singh Associate Professor, Entomology S.V.P. University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP Mr. Ashwani Kumar Assistant Professor, Agricultural Extension C. S. S. S. (P.G.) College, Machhra, Meerut, UP Mr. Yogesh Kr. Agarwal Jr. Project Fellow, Agroforestry Forest Research Centre for Eco-rehabilitation, Prayagraj, UP Rubicon Publications Bloomsbury Square, London, England PREFACE Integrated pest and disease control is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level. Modern approaches in pest and disease management book contains the chapters highlights the current status of crop productivity. The book is structured into various chapters and primarily for the post graduate students and for the researchers. This book serves as a foundation for further learning in lecture, Lab field and Library a foundation that is largely manageable by students. Contributed papers by experts in the field detail how to put pest management to work. Presents the philosophy and practice, ecological and economic background as well as strategies and techniques including not only the use of chemical pesticides but also biological, genetic and cultural methods to manage the harm done by insect and pathogen pests. Covers such key crops as cereal, pulses, fruit and forage. This edition reports important advances of the last decade including an increased environmental and ecological awareness and a trend toward lower chemical pesticide use. In this book attempt has been made to bring together chapters from different authors and highlight the current status of crop protection in the light of development in crop production. Though this is a multi authored book an effort has been made to assimilate the most topical result about crop improvement with contemporary plant protection approaches. I wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtness to those who helped us directly or indirectly during the preparation of the manuscript of this text. I specially thankful our co editors who have helped with me in editing the voluminous treaties. I hope that the book is useful and interesting to readers, teachers and students and would create in them the urge to know more about recent researchers going related to modern approaches in pest and disease management for enhancing crop productivity. Dr. Rashmi Nigam Content S. N. TITLES AND AUTHORS NAME Pg. N. 1. APPROACHES IN CONSERVATION AND AUGMENTATION OF 1-7 NATURAL ENEMIES Abhinav Kumar, Sunil Verma, Ram Keval, Abarna V. Ramesh Babu and Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye 2. PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL 8-15 KNOWLEDGE (ITK) FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION Sunil Verma, Abhinav Kumar, Kalpana Bisht, S. Ramesh Babu, Ram Keval and Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye 3. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACHES IN 16-25 STORED GRAIN Kamal Ravi Sharma, S. Ramesh Babu, Rakesh Sil Sarma, Surendra Singh Jatav and Vivek Kumar 4. STUDIES ON NON-CHEMICAL METHODS FOR THE 26-40 MANAGEMENT OF PEDUNCLE BLIGHT OF TUBEROSE CAUSED BY Lasiodiplodia theobromae (PAT.) GRIFFON AND MAUBL. A. Muthukumar, R. Udhayakumar and T. Suthinraj 5. POST-HARVEST LOSSES IN PERISHABLE FOODS 41-46 Asha Kumari 6. INTEGRATED PESTS MANAGEMENT IN MANGO CROP 47-55 Bharat Lal, N.S. Bhaduaria, S.P.S Tomar and Devendra Vishvkarma 7. RICE WEED DYNAMICS AND ITS MANAGEMENT 56-65 Chandrabhan Bharti, Anita Mohapatra, Rajesh Kumar, Alokmaurya, Vikash Kumar Yadav, Mahendru Kumar Gautam, Prem Kumar Bharteey 8. INSECT PESTS OF PIGEON PEA AND THEIR 66-67 MANAGEMENT Kailash Chaukikar, Amit Kumar Sharma and A. K. Bhowmick 9. I ASSISMENT OF LOSSES DUE TO INSECT PESTS IN 68-69 CHICKPEA Amit Kumar Sharma, Kailash Chaukikar and Anjni Mastkar 10. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT STRETEGIES IN PULSE 70-80 CROPS Shashank Tyagi and Pravesh Kumar 11. HOST PLANT RESISTANCE TO INSECTS POTENTIAL AND 81-87 THEIR LIMITATIONS Sumit Kumar, Prahlad Masurkar, Pragati Gupta, Lavlesh Prajapati, Akash Pandey and Piyush Jaiswal 12. BREEDING FOR DISEASES RESISTANCE IN FIELD CROPS 88-91 Suraj Kumar Hitaishi, Amit Kumar Chaudhary, Shiv Prakash Shrivastav and Abhinav Kumar 13. WEED MANAGEMENT 92-98 Trilok Nath Rai, Kedar Nath Rai, Sanjeev Kumar Rai and Sadhna Rai 14. IMPACT OF BIO PESTICIDES AND BIO FERTILIZERS TO 99-106 CONSERVE NUTRIENT AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT Vikas, Sukirtee, Paras Kamboj, Ruby Garg and Kiran Khokher 15. CROP ROTATION: A NEED OF PRESENT TIME FOR SOIL 107-114 HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY Vishal Kumar, Vijay Pal, Dharminder, R.K. Singh1, Manjeet Kumar, Sudhanshu Verma, Abhishek Shori and Avinash Patel 16. BIORATIONAL AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FOR PESTS 115-118 CONTROL Rudra Pratap Singh 17. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INTEGRATED AND ECO-FRIENDLY 119-128 PEST MANAGEMENT Sundar Pal and Prabhat Tiwari Modern Approaches in Pest and Disease Management APPROACHES IN CONSERVATION AND AUGMENTATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES Abhinav Kumar1*, Sunil Verma1, Ram Keval1, Abarna V2 Ramesh Babu1and Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye 1Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Entomology, AC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai-625104, Tamil Nadu, India INTRODUCTION At present situation, elevated alertness of the effects of pesticide use on the environment and consequences faced by human races has triggered the efforts to reduce dependence on chemical controls. Many countries have introduced more strict regulation of pesticide manufacture, registration and use, thereby raising the cost, and lessening the accessibility of these tools. In many cases, the pests itself have shown the necessity for change, with pesticide resistance now a shared reality in numerous weeds, insects and diseases. The need for alternatives to pesticides is quite clear for sustainability, but where will we get these solutions from? There are many reports by various research conducting environmental and ecological bodies stating the incorporation of biological control in all aspects of pest control and later raising the share to achieve better biodiversity and simultaneously to meet the current issue of sustainability which state that biologically created trapping such as biological control could be more effective and widely used to solve demanding needs in pest management and for future generations also. Definition of a typical biocontrol says utilization of living organism or natural enemies to suppress the population of pests, it's having a long history in reducing the impacts of pests. The ancient most history of utilization bioagents we found by Chinese peoples, witnessing that ants were active predators of various citrus pests, augmented their populations by taking their nests from neighboring habitats and placing them into their orchards affected with pests population. Present days insectaries and air-freight carriage of biological agents across the country or around the domain are just modern versions of these unique concepts. In this chapter, we will discuss means to biological control and solicitations of these approaches in modern pest management. Though the principles of biological control can be practical against various pest organisms (e.g. weeds, plant pathogens, vertebrates and insects), but they do have certain limitation and needs certain practices to be more effective, these practices are very easy and can be employed in order to conserve the nature saver. APPROACHES TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL There are three broad methodologies to biological control which are as follows Importation Augmentation and Conservation of natural enemies Each of these methods can be employed either alone or in blend in a biological control program. Importation It is a well-known fact that the success of any classical biological control programme depends largely on the correct identification and its host, and a firm recognition of the biological relationship of the parasitoid. Therefore, biological studies along with their taxonomic studies are needed before a parasitoid can be recommended for use in any biocontrol program. Importation of natural enemies sometimes mentioned to as classical biological control, where a pest of exotic origin is the target of the biocontrol program and managed by the importation of natural enemy of exotic origin. Pests are frequently being imported into countries where they are not the native origin, either unintentionally, or in some cases, intentionally. Many of these introductions do 1 Modern Approaches in Pest and Disease Management not result in the establishment or if they do, the organism may not get pest