2007 Annual Report

OPR OPR Office of Population Research Office of Population Research Princeton University Princeton University

Annual Report 2007

Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544

Phone: 609.258.4870

Fax: 609.258.1039

Email: [email protected]

Website: opr.princeton.edu

Research • Seminars • Publications • Training • Course Offerings • Alumni Directory OPR 2007 Annual Report

Edited by Judith Tilton

Printed by Color House

The OPR Annual Report is published annually by the Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544.

Annual Report 2007

Table of Contents From the Director ...... 2 OPR Staff and Students ...... 4 Center for Research on Child Wellbeing...... 11 Center for Health and Wellbeing ...... 13 Center for Migration and Development ...... 15 OPR Financial Support...... 17 OPR Library ...... 19 OPR Seminars ...... 21 OPR Research...... 22 Children and Families ...... 22 Data and Methods ...... 26 Health and Wellbeing ...... 28 Migration and Urbanization ...... 39 Social Inequality ...... 42 OPR Professional Activities ...... 47 2007 Publications ...... 54 Working Papers ...... 54 Publications and Papers...... 55 Training in Demography at Princeton ...... 68 Ph.D. Program ...... 68 Departmental Degree in Specialization in Population...... 68 Joint-Degree Program ...... 68 Certificate in Demography ...... 69 Training Resources ...... 69 Courses ...... 70 Recent Graduates ...... 77 Graduate Students...... 78 Alumni Directory ...... 83

Princeton University 1 From the Director

I was privileged to serve as the system of social mobility influence the extent to Acting Director of OPR for the which people invest in schooling, with a focus on 2007-08 academic year while understanding the social psychological determinants of James Trussell spent a very the racial achievement gap. Matt Salganik (Sociology) well-deserved sabbatical in examines problems at the intersection of social networks England. I am delighted to and statistics. This work includes the development of report on the large expansion respondent-driven sampling, a snowball sampling and diversification of OPR method for studying hidden populations that is currently faculty associates that has being used by the CDC for a study of drug injectors taken place: six new faculty members have joined in the 25 largest US cities, and use of the Internet to OPR during the past year and four more scholars conduct innovative social research. Sam Schulhofer-Wohl’s will become faculty associates in the coming months. (Economics) research focuses on methods for age- period-cohort analysis, one of the longest-standing Dan Notterman, a Senior Research Scientist in methodological problems in demography. In recent Molecular Biology, came to Princeton in the fall of papers, Schulhofer-Wohl and colleagues use simulations 2007 from the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and applied examples to examine the properties of the where he was University Professor and Chair of intrinsic estimator (IE) for additive age-period-cohort Pediatrics. His research has focused on the molecular models. Rafaela Dancygier‘s (Politics) research examines events that underlie cancer. At OPR, he is working on the integration of immigrants in Western Europe, gene-environment interactions related to depression and particularly Great Britain, Germany, and France. She other aspects of psychological wellbeing in the Fragile investigates the political and economic conditions Families and Taiwan projects. Joao Biehl, an Associate associated with conflict between immigrants and Professor in Anthropology, is a medical anthropologist members of the native population and between whose recent books have examined AIDS among the immigrants and the state. socially abandoned in Brazil. His current research examines the widespread use of pharmaceuticals in Adding to our good fortune, four colleagues will be poor urban households in Brazil, the distribution of coming to OPR in the 2008-09 academic year. Eddie and adherence to antiretroviral drug-treatments in Telles and Ana Maria Goldani will be leaving UCLA to resource-poor settings, and the influence of the environment join the Sociology Department this fall. Eddie Telles is and life histories on pathogenic gene expression. interested in ethnicity, race and caste in international perspective, and the historical demography of urbanization Four new assistant professors became OPR faculty in western U.S. cities. Ana Maria Goldani’s research associates this past year. Angel Harris (Sociology) studies examines issues related to family, gender, and public how perceptions about the opportunity structure and

2 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 policy in Latin America, with a focus on Brazil. Taryn served as Director of Graduate Studies during the past Dinkelman, who will be become an Assistant Professor year and to Marta Tienda, who will assume the position of Economics in the fall, is involved in research on in the fall. South Africa, where she has examined the effects of Despite these successes, we are very sorry to have lost rural electrification on employment, the long-term three of our esteemed colleagues. Joshua Goldstein left negative effects of being born during a drought on the Princeton to become director of the Max Planck health and human capital of boys, and the relationship Institute for Demographic Research and head of the between negative economic shocks and risky sexual Laboratory of Economic and Social Demography in behavior of young people. OPR’s most recent addition Rostock, Germany. Bruce Western joined Harvard as is Georges Reniers, who will join the Sociology Professor of Sociology and Director of the Department and the Woodrow Wilson School as an Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality and Social assistant professor in the spring semester of 2009. Policy of Kennedy School of Government. Adriana Reniers comes to Princeton by way of the Institute of Lleras-Muney will join UCLA in the fall of 2008 as Behavioral Science at the University of Colorado and Associate Professor of Economics. We wish them success the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. in their new positions. His main interests are in morbidity and mortality in developing countries, having had fieldwork experience in Belgium, Ethiopia, Malawi, and South Africa. His recent work focuses on the measurement of HIV/AIDS mortality and marital strategies for regulating exposure Noreen Goldman, Director to HIV. Office of Population Research

OPR has also been fortunate to have experienced a third Princeton University consecutive year of a very strong Ph.D. applicant pool, yielding a large number of doctoral candidates admitted into OPR through one of our allied fields or directly through the population program. We currently have 35 doctoral students in the program. Three doctoral students who just completed their degrees (Samir Soneji, Christine Percheski, and Chris Wildemann) have each received a prestigious RWJ postdoctoral fellowship. OPR’s postdoctoral program continues to flourish, averaging about 12 postdoctoral fellows working on a broad range of projects related to health, children and family, educational stratification, and immigration each year. We owe a special thanks to Betsy Armstrong, who

3 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 3 OPR Staff and Students January – December 2007

Directors Thomas Espenshade, Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., James Trussell (1/07-6/07) Economics, Princeton University, 1972. Interests: highly Noreen Goldman (7/07-12/07) skilled U.S. immigrants, immigrant incorporation, fiscal impacts of immigration, minority higher education, Directors of Graduate Studies inter-group relations on college campuses. Noreen Goldman (1/07-6/07) Elizabeth Armstrong (7/07-12/07) Patricia Fernández-Kelly, Lecturer in Sociology. Ph.D., Sociology, Rutgers University, 1981. Interests: international Faculty Associates economic development, industrial restructuring, gender/ Jeanne Altmann, Eugene Higgins Professor of Ecology and class/ethnicity, migration/global economy, women/ethnic Evolutionary Biology. Ph.D., Behavioral Sciences, University minorities in the labor force. of Chicago, 1979. Interests: non-experimental research design and analysis, ecology and evolution of family relationships Noreen Goldman, Hughes-Rogers Professor of Demography and of behavioral development; primate demography and life and Public Affairs. D.Sc., Population Studies, Harvard histories, parent-offspring relationships; infancy and the University, 1977. Interests: social inequalities in health; ontogeny of behavior and social relationships, conservation physiological linkages among stress, social status, and health; education and behavioral aspects of conservation. immigrant health; survey design.

Elizabeth Armstrong, Associate Professor of Sociology and Joshua Goldstein, Associate Professor of Sociology and Public Public Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology and Demography, University Affairs. Ph.D., Demography, University of California, of Pennsylvania, 1998. M.P.A. Princeton University, 1993. Berkeley, 1996. Interests: social demography, family Interests: sociology of medicine, history of medicine and demography, methodology, historical demography, race public health, biomedical ethics, population health, sociology and ethnicity. of pregnancy. Jean Grossman, Lecturer in Economics and Public Affairs. João Biehl, Associate Professor of Anthropology. Ph.D., Ph.D., Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, 1999. 1980. Interests: youth policy, program and policy Interests: medical anthropology, social studies of science and evaluation, poverty. technology, Latin American societies. Angel Harris, Assistant Professor of Sociology and African Anne Case, Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Economics American Studies. Ph.D., Public Policy & Sociology, and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, University of Michigan, 2005. Interests: social psychology, 1988. Interests: development economics, health economics, sociology of education, survey research methods, race and economics of the family. ethnicity, quantitative data analysis, public policy analysis.

Rafaela Dancygier, Assistant Professor in Politics and Public Alan Krueger, Lynn Bendheim Thoman, Class of 1976, and and International Affairs. Ph.D., Political Science, Yale Robert Bendheim, Class of 1937, Professor in Economics and University, 2007. Interests: comparative politics, comparative Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Harvard University, 1987. political economy, immigration, ethnic politics, ethnic conflict. Interests: labor economics, industrial relations, social insurance.

Angus Deaton, Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of Adriana Lleras-Muney, Assistant Professor of Economics and International Affairs, Professor of Economics and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Columbia University, International Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Cambridge 2001. Interests: children’s education, child labor laws, University, 1974. Interests: microeconomic analysis, applied population health issues. econometrics, economic development. Scott Lynch, Associate Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., Sociology, Duke University, 2001. Interests: social epidemiology, quantitative methodology, demography and sociology of aging.

4 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Douglas Massey, Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology Matthew Salganik, Assistant Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology, Princeton University, Sociology, Columbia University, 2007. Interests: social 1978. Interests: demography, urban sociology, race and networks, sociology of culture, social inequality, social ethnicity, international migration, Latin American society, psychology, and quantitative methods. particularly Mexico. Samuel A. Schulhofer-Wohl, Assistant Professor in Economics Sara S. McLanahan, William S. Tod Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, University of Chicago, and Public Affairs. Director, Bendheim-Thoman Center for 2007. Interests: economic development, macroeconomics and Research on Child Wellbeing. Ph.D., Sociology, University applied econometrics. of Texas, Austin, 1979. Interests: family demography, Lee Silver, Professor of Molecular Biology and Public Affairs. intergenerational relationships, poverty and inequality. Ph.D., Biophysics, Harvard University, 1978. Interests: policy Katherine Newman, Malcolm Stevenson Forbes, Class of issues and social implications of new genetic and reproductive 1941 Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs. Ph.D., technologies, bioethics, genetic testing, cloning, genetic Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, 1979. engineering, egg and sperm vending. Interests: social stratification, urban poverty, and urban life. Burton Singer, Charles and Marie Robertson Professor of Dan Notterman, Senior Health Policy Analyst, Molecular Public and International Affairs, Professor of Demography Biology; Lecturer in Molecular Biology. M.D., New York and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Statistics, Stanford University, University School of Medicine, 1978. Interests: research in 1967. Interests: epidemiology of tropical diseases, demography tumor biology, bioethics, gene-environment interactions. and economics of aging, health, and social consequences of economic development, the interrelationships between Devah Pager, Associate Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., genetics and historical demography. Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2002. Interests: employment discrimination, racial inequality, social Marta Tienda, Maurice P. During Professor in Demographic stratification, prisoner reentry. Studies, Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology, The University of Texas, Austin, 1977. Interests: Christina Paxson, Hughes-Rogers Professor of Economics. population and development, youth employment and labor Director, Center for Health and Wellbeing. Ph.D., market dynamics, race and ethnic stratification, access to Economics, Columbia University, 1987. Interests: economic higher education. development, applied microeconomics. James Trussell, John Foster Dulles Professor in International Alejandro Portes, Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Affairs, Professor of Economics and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Beck Professor of Sociology. Director, Center for Migration Economics, Princeton University, 1975. Interests: reproductive and Development. Ph.D., Sociology, University of Wisconsin, health, fertility, contraceptive technology, AIDS, mortality, Madison, 1970. Interests: immigration, economic sociology, demographic methods. comparative development, Third World urbanization. Bruce Western, Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., Sociology, Germán Rodríguez, Senior Research Demographer. Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles, 1993. Interests: labor Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, 1975. Interests: markets, stratification, demographic methods. statistical demography, fertility surveys, survival analysis, multilevel models, demographic and statistical computing, Charles F.Westoff, Maurice P.During ’22 Professor, Emeritus, design and deployment of databases on the web. Professor of Sociology, Emeritus. Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 1953. Interests: abortion and family planning, comparative fertility in developing countries, fertility surveys.

Jeanne Joshua Katherine Samuel A. Lee Silver Bruce Western Altmann Goldstein Newman Schulhofer-Wohl PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 5 OPR Staff and Students

Postdoctoral Fellows Joanna Kempner, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Audrey Beck, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 2004. Interests: Sociology, Duke University, 2007. Interests: family formation, sociology of medicine, health policy, gender, science, education, contextual effects, juvenile delinquency, and racial bioethics, and qualitative methods. and ethnic inequality. Sarah Meadows, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Alison Buttenheim, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, Duke University, 2005. Interests: mental health, stress Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, 2007. and coping, adolescent health and wellbeing, marriage and health, Interests: child health and nutritional status, forced life course, gender, criminology and juvenile delinquency. migration, and infectious disease. Margarita Mooney, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Amy Love Collins, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, Princeton University, 2004. Interests: international Developmental Psychology, Boston College, 2006. Interests: migration, development, religion, culture, and higher education. aging, health, wellbeing. Caroline Moreau, Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Ph.D., Carey Cooper, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Public Health (Epidemiology), University of Paris, 2005. Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 2006. Interests: contraceptive effectiveness, abortion, emergency Interests: child wellbeing, poverty, family structure, parenting, contraception. and education. Sunny Niu, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Michelle DeKlyen, Research Staff. Ph.D., Child Clinical Economics of Education, Stanford University, 2002. Interests: Psychology, University of Washington, 1992. Interests: child issues in education, research design, employment, and income development, early child behavior disorders, child learning distribution and occupational choice. disabilities. Kimberly Torres, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Gniesha Dinwiddie, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 2006. Interests: race Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 2006. Interests: race and ethnicity, education, inequality. and ethnicity, sociology of medicine, sociology of education, Lisa Wynn, Associate Research Scholar. Ph.D., Anthropology, social psychology. Princeton University, 2003. Interests: emergency contraception Thurston Domina, Postdoctoral Research Associate. in the Middle East, gender, nationalism and identity. Ph.D. Sociology, Graduate School and University Center, Visiting Scholars City University of New York, 2006. Interests: inequality and Alicia Adsera, Visiting Associate Professor of Public Affairs, the expansion of higher education, social geography, sociology Woodrow Wilson School; Associate Professor, University of of education. Illinois-Chicago. Ph.D., Economics, Boston University, 1996. Jenny Higgins, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Interests: fertility and household formation, migration, and Women's Studies, MPH, Global Health, Emory University, international political economy. 2005. Interests: gender, sexuality, reproductive health, and Steven Elías Alvarado, Visiting Research Student HIV/AIDS. Collaborator; Intern, Mathematica Policy Research. Margot Jackson, Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Ph.D., M.S., Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2006. Sociology, UCLA, 2007; B.A., Community Health, Brown Interests: immigration, stratification, education, health, University, 2002. Interests: social stratification, health and quantitative methods. child wellbeing.

Alicia Adsera Steven Elías Alvarado Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Pamela Klebanov Sarah Meadows Kimberly Torres

6 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Visiting Research Collaborator; Pamela Klebanov, Visiting Research Collaborator; Research Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development Scientist, Teachers College, Columbia University. Ph.D., and Education and Co-Director of the National Center for Social Psychology, Princeton University, 1989. Interests: child Children and Families, Teacher’s College, Columbia University. development, poverty, parenting. Professor of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mary Clare Lennon, Visiting Research Collaborator; Columbia University. Ph.D., Human Learning and Professor of Clinical Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School Development, University of Pennsylvania, 1975. Interests: child of Public Health Columbia University. Ph.D., Sociology, development, child wellbeing, parenting, education, poverty. Columbia University. Interests: relation of gender to physical Marcia Carlson, Visiting Fellow; Associate Professor, Social and mental health, family and the workplace, wellbeing of Work and Sociology, Columbia University. Ph.D., Sociology, low-income women and children. University of Michigan, 1999. Interests: family structure, Ceri Peach, Visiting Fellow; Professor of Social Geography parenting, father involvement, child wellbeing, poverty and Fellow at St. Catherine’s College, Oxford University. Ph.D., inequality, welfare policy. Geography, Merton College, Oxford University, 1964. Carlos Gonzalez-Sancho, Visiting Research Collaborator; Interests: migration, ethnic and religious segregation in cities, Ph.D. Student, Juan March Institute, Madrid, Spain. J.A., immigration, ethnicity. Sociology, Juan March Institute, 2005. Interests: stratification, Nancy Reichman, Visiting Research Collaborator; Associate marriage patterns, family behavior, and education. Professor of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. John Hobcraft, Visiting Research Scholar. (Joint CRCW Ph.D., Economics, City University of New York, 1993. Interests: and CHW); Professor of Population Studies, Chairman, health economics, poverty, immigration, and infant health. Population Investigation Committee, and Chairman, The Magaly Sanchez, Visiting Scholar; Professor, Instituto de Methodology Institute, London School of Economics. B.Sc., Urbanismo, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics and Political Sociology, École des Hautes Études in Sciences Sociales, Science, 1966. Interests: comparative analysis, comparative University of Paris. Interests: transnational identities, first and health policy, consequences, demographic analysis, second generation Latino migrant youths, urban violence, determinants, dynamics, family, fertility, household change, social exclusion, inequalities and poverty, youth gangs, barrios mortality, population, survey analysis. in Latin America. Michael Hout, Visiting Research Scholar; Chair, Graduate Ayumi Takenaka, Visiting Fellow; Assistant Professor, Group in Sociology and Demography, Population Center, Department of Sociology, Bryn Mawr College. Ph.D., U.C. Berkeley. Ph.D., Sociology, Indiana University, 1976. Sociology, Columbia University, 2000. Interests: migration, Interests: sociological demography, ethnicity, education, ethnicity, social mobility, transnationalism. political change, sociology of religion, quantitative methods.

Kathleen Kiernan, Visiting Research Scholar. (Joint CRCW and CHW); Professor of Social Policy and Demography, University of York, and Co-Director, ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics. Ph.D., University of London, 1987. Interests: childbearing and cohabitation outside marriage, children, divorce, family change, long-term outcomes, parenthood, teenage motherhood, transition.

John Hobcraft Michael Hout Kathleen Kiernan Mary Clare Lennon Ceri Peach Nancy Reichman

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 7 OPR Staff and Students

Administrative Staff Students Melanie Adams, Academic Assistant Sofya Aptekar, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2004. Nancy Cannuli, Associate Director B.A., Sociology, Yale University, 2001. Interests: culture, race, Mary Lou Delaney, Program Assistant immigration, native-language retention, and cultural Kris Emerson, Program Manager, CRCW supplemental education. Regina Leidy, Program Assistant, CRCW Pratikshya Bohra, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall Joyce Lopuh, Purchasing and Accounts Administrator 2006. BA., Economics and Mathematics, Union College, 2003. Kristen Matlofsky, Academic Assistant Interests: poverty, migration, labor markets, resource allocation. Judie Miller, Academic Assistant Robin Pispecky, Financial Administrator Sharon Bzostek, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2004. Diana Sacké, Academic Assistant B.A., Sociology and Policy Studies, Rice University, 2001. Judith Tilton, Graduate Program Administrator Interests: children and families, inequality in health care and health status, poverty, race and ethnicity. Computing Staff Wayne Appleton, System Administrator, Stacie Carr, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall 2006. UNIX Systems Manager MPA., New York University, 2006. BA., Women’s Studies, Chang Y. Chung, Programmer UC Berkeley, 1994. Interests: health, inequality, modeling. Jennifer Curatola, Assistant System Administrator Rebecca Casciano, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Dawn Koffman, Programmer 2003. M.P.A., Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 2003. Thu Vu, Programmer B.A., Psychology, The College of New Jersey, 2001. Interests: poverty, welfare, culture, marriage, religion, ethics and Library Staff politics, sociology, and demography. Elana Broch, Assistant Population Research Librarian Joann Donatiello, Population Research Librarian Audrey Dorelien, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall Michiko Nakayama, Library Assistant 2007. B.A., Swarthmore College, Economics and Biology, Nancy Pressman-Levy, Librarian, Donald E. Stokes Library 2004. Interests: economic development, population dynamics, health, GIS applications. Research/Technical Staff Kate Bartkus, Project Analyst, CRCW Nicholas Ehrmann, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Donnell Butler, Project Director 2003. B.A., American Studies, Northwestern University, Kevin Bradway, Research Specialist, CRCW 2000. Interests: economic inequality, schooling patterns, Meridel Bulle, Research Specialist, CRCW immigration, poverty issues, and family dynamics. Kelly Cleland, Research Specialist Julia Gelatt, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2007. Monica Higgins, Research Specialist B.A., Sociology/Anthropology, Carleton College, 2004. Jean Knab, Data Manager, CRCW Interests: U.S. immigration, immigrant integration, demography, Jennifer Martin, Project Manager gender, social inequality. Karen Pren, Project Manager, MMP/LAMP Magaly Sanchez, Senior Field Coordinator, LAMP Elizabeth A Gummerson, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered William Schneider, Research Specialist, CRCW Fall 2006. MPA., Health and Health Policy, Princeton University, 2006. BA., Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 1997. Interests: poverty, health policy, wellbeing, inequality.

Nancy Cannuli Mary Lou Kris Emerson Robin Pispecky Diana Sacké Judith Tilton Delaney 8 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Conrad Hackett, Department of Sociology. Entered 2001. Kevin O’Neil, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall 2005. B.A., Seattle Pacific University. M.A., Princeton Theological B.A., Economics, Swarthmore College, 2001. Interests: Seminary. Interests: how individuals and institutions are urbanization, migration and development policy, economic responding to, and being shaped by, religious pluralism sociology. in America. Christine Percheski, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Valerie Lewis, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2005. B.A., 2003. B.A., Sociology, Dartmouth University, 2001. Interests: Sociology, Rice University, 2004. Interests: racial inequality, sociology of the family, the life course, occupations and work, urban sociology, poverty, and development. social inequalities, and social policy.

Tin-chi Lin, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall 2006. Michelle Phelps, Sociology. Entered Fall 2007. B.A., Social MS., Applied Mathematics, Taiwan University, 2004. BS., psychology, University of California-Berkeley, 2005. Interests: Mathematics, Taiwan University, 2001. Interests: mortality, social control and deviance, legal sociology, criminal justice fertility, health, modeling. system, inequality.

Emily Marshall, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2005. David Potere, Program in Population Studies. Entered Fall BA., Russian Studies, Pomona College, 2000. Interests: economic 2005. M.A., Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS, Boston modeling, education, family networking, stratification. University, 2005. B.A., American History, Harvard College, 1998. Interests: application of remote sensing to population Emily Moiduddin, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall and environmental issues, GIS, health and development in 2003. M.P.P., Harris School, University of Chicago, 2001. developing countries. B.A., Psychology, New York University, 1999. Interests: poverty, children, and the family. Alejandro Rivas, Jr., Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2006. MA., Sociology, Stanford University, 2006. BA., Petra Nahmias, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2004. Health and Health Policy, Stanford University, 2006. B.A., Environmental Science, Hebrew University, 1997. M.A., Interests: immigration, poverty, inequality, assimilation. Demography, Hebrew University, 2001. Interests: fertility, reproductive health, religion and fertility, and immigration. Rania Salem, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2005. M.S.C., Sociology, Oxford University, 2004. B.A., Politics, S. Heidi Norbis, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall American University in Cairo, 2001. Interests: social inequality, 2007. M.P.H., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia gender, marriage and the family, migration. University, 2007; B.A., Latin American Studies, Barnard College, 2001. Interests: migrant health, reproductive health, Daniel Schneider, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall health policy. 2006. BA., Politics and Public Policy, Brown University, 2003. Interests: poverty, inequality, social demography, social Analia Olgiati, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall 2006. networks, institutions and social capital. BA., Economics, San Andres University, 2002. Interests: household economics, migration, survey design, and Wendy Sheldon, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall mathematical demography. 2007. M.P.H., Maternal and Child Health, University of California-Berkeley, 2000; M.S.W., Social Policy and Practice, Jayanti Owens, Sociology. Entered Fall 2007. B.A., Policy University of Pennsylvania, 1996; B.A., Psychology, Bucknell Science, Sociology, and Educational Studies, Swarthmore University, 1993. Interests: reproductive health and rights, College, 2006. Interests: inequality, stratification and social health and nutrition, economic development, women’s mobility, higher education, education policy, immigration. empowerment, environment, education.

Wayne Appleton Kate Bartkus Donnell Butler Kelly Cleland Nancy William Schneider Pressman-Levy 9 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 9 OPR Staff and Students

Kimberly Smith, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall Scott Washington, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2004. B.A., Economics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 2000. B.A., Sociology and Philosophy, University of 1992. M.P.A., Public Affairs, Princeton University, 2000. California, Berkeley, 2000. Interests: social classification; race Interests: health policy and economics, reproductive health and ethnicity; state formation and state information; science; and family planning, and policy and program evaluation. culture; epistemology; education; stratification; law; violence; extreme systems of social control, confinement, and Samir Soneji, Program in Population Studies. Entered Fall supervision; urban marginality and the social uses, arrangement, 2004. B.S., Mathematics, University of Chicago, 1998. M.A., and configuration of space; politics; historiography; social Statistics, Columbia University, 2000. Interests: migration, psychology; the body; and classical and contemporary social urban poverty, and spatial statistics. and sociological theory.

Naomi Sugie, Sociology. Entered Fall 2007. B.A., Urban Christopher Wildeman, Department of Sociology. Entered Studies, Columbia University, 2003. Interests: race, Fall 2003. B.A., Philosophy, Sociology, and Spanish, inequality, criminal justice system. Dickinson College, 2002. Interests: crime and punishment, LaTonya Trotter, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall religion, medicine, and life course analysis. 2006. MPH., Health and Health Policy, University of Washington, 2006. BA., Sociology, Williams College, 1998. Interests: immigration, inequality, health, stratification.

Erik Vickstrom, Sociology. Entered Fall 2007. B.A. Sociology and American Studies, Wesleyan University, 1998. Interests: international migration and development, inequality, social networks.

10 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH Center for Research on Child Wellbeing

The Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child CUNY Graduate Center), and Visiting Research Student and Wellbeing (CRCW) was established in 1996 to promote basic Fullbright Scholarship Award recipient from Juan March research on a broad range of children’s issues including child Institute in Madrid, Spain, Carlos Gonzalez-Sancho. wellbeing, education, health, income security, and family/ CRCW engages in numerous activities designed to inform community resources. The CRCW, directed by Sara policymakers, program directors, and advocates about issues McLanahan, Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, related to families and child wellbeing. Written products is affiliated with the Office of Population Research and the include working papers, research briefs, policy briefs, and a Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs journal published twice yearly. All products are available on at Princeton University. CRCW faculty and research associates are the CRCW website and are distributed electronically and in drawn from Princeton’s departments of economics, politics, and print form to various advocacy groups, government officials, sociology, as well as from other universities and institutions. program administrators, individuals at non-profit organizations and foundations, and researchers at universities and think tanks. The CRCW sponsors a number of social science research projects, including the landmark Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWB) and the Future of Children journal/project.

Research

The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Directed by Sara McLanahan and Irv Garfinkel (Columbia University), The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWB), is a longitudinal birth Each year the CRCW supports a number of postdoctoral cohort study that began in 1998. The study collected data fellows, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. from mothers, fathers, and children at the time of a child’s Postdoctoral fellows at the Center this year included Sarah birth, and then one, three, and five years later. By including Meadows (Sociology, Duke University), Carey Cooper an oversample of births to unmarried parents, the study (Educational Psychology, University of Texas-Austin), and became a rich source of information about these growing but Audrey Beck (Sociology, Duke University). During the past under-studied group of families. The study collected detailed year, CRCW has also supported Visiting Fellows and Visiting data on parents’ relationships, economic circumstances, Research Collaborators, including Jeanne Brooks-Gunn health, and health behaviors. The data collected by FFCWB (Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development will allow researchers to test hypotheses about the effects of and Education at Teachers’ College-Columbia University, and social norms, intergenerational influences, and economic Director of the National Center for Children and Families), incentives (and negotiations) on family formation, father Michael Hout (Professor, University of California, Berkeley) involvement, and the wellbeing of parents and children. John Hobcraft (Anniversary Professor of Sociology and Public-use versions of the baseline, one-year, and three-year Demography, University of York, England), Kathleen Kiernan follow-up FFCWB data are available in the archive of the (Professor of Social Policy and Demography, University of Office of Population Research. In 2006, the study received a York, England) Pamela Klebanov (Research Scientist, Columbia $17 million dollar grant from NICHD to begin another round University), Mary Clare Lennon (Professor of Sociology, of interviews in 2007.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 11 Center for Research on Child Wellbeing

The Fragile Families in Middle Childhood Study will Recent topics include the racial test gap, marriage and child re-interview families when the children are nine years old. wellbeing, childhood obesity, social mobility, teacher quality, This new grant funds the core interviews with parents, as childhood poverty, and electronic media. Complementing well as the detailed child assessments and teacher interviews the publication of each journal is a series of outreach (previously funded by separate studies.) The principal programs, designed to inform key stakeholders about the investigators of the Fragile Families in Middle Childhood Study are children’s policy issue covered in the volume. Outreach Sara McLanahan, Christina Paxson, Irv Garfinkel (Columbia activities include a practitioners’ conference, Congressional University) and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn (Teachers’ College). briefings, press conferences, university lectures and courses, and stakeholders seminars. The journal’s website, The Future of Children Project www.futureofchildren.org, allows visitors to access the a leading publication on children’s The Future of Children, journals, policy briefs, video and audio web casts of policy in the United States, is a joint production of Princeton journal-related events—all free of charge. Funding for University and the Brookings Institution. Sara McLanahan is the journal is provided by a number of foundations, the the editor-in-chief, and senior editors include Christina Woodrow Wilson School, and Princeton University. Paxson, director of the Center for Health and Wellbeing; Cecilia Rouse, director of the WWS Education Research For more information on the CRCW, please see Section; and Isabel Sawhill and Ron Haskins, both Senior http://crcw.princeton.edu. Fellows at the Brookings Institution. Elisabeth Donahue, a lecturer at the Woodrow Wilson School, is the executive director of the journal. The journal’s main objective is to provide high-level research that is useful and accessible to policymakers, practitioners, students, and the media.

12 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH Center for Health and Wellbeing

The mission of the Center for Health and Wellbeing (CHW) South Africa: Poverty, Inequality is to foster research and teaching on health, wellbeing, and and Health health policy. Since its inception, CHW has focused on two Integrated health and economic surveys closely-related goals: to bring together and build up an active are being conducted in South Africa to interdisciplinary community of researchers who work on investigate the links between health status and economic health, wellbeing, and health policy; and to develop a status. This work is being done in collaboration with high-quality teaching program in health policy in the researchers from the Institute for Advanced Studies in Woodrow Wilson School’s graduate school. CHW sponsors Princeton and the University of Witwatersrand. The survey seminars, conferences, and research meetings, runs a visiting instruments collect data on a range of traditional and fellows program, and sponsors the Woodrow Wilson School’s non-traditional measures of wellbeing, including income and graduate Certificate in Health and Health Policy (HHP). consumption, measures of health status (including mental CHW currently has 24 faculty associates drawn from the health), morbidity, crime, social connectedness, intra-household fields of anthropology, demography, epidemiology, economics, relationships, and direct hedonic measures of wellbeing. history, molecular biology, neuroscience, politics, psychology, Udaipur Health Survey and sociology. The associates are involved in a wide range of research projects on health, wellbeing, and public policy. Members of around 1,000 households in 100 villages in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan were surveyed and asked about Research their economic activities, physical and mental health status, Demography of Aging Center and experiences with healthcare. Complementary surveys Funded by the National Institute of Aging, the Demography collected information about village infrastructure and about of Aging Center fosters new research on the interrelationships the clinics and medical personnel that people use, including between socioeconomic status and health as people age; traditional healers. The study aims to improve our examines the determinants of decision-making and wellbeing understanding of the determinants of health, as well as the among the elderly; and explores the determinants and policy relationships between health and economic status, and how consequences of increased longevity and population aging they work together to determine wellbeing. across and within countries over time. An area of special College Education and Health emphasis is research on how HIV/AIDS is affecting the health and living conditions of the elderly. This study of the impact of education on health outcomes and behaviors among young adults has added a health Center for Research on Experience and Wellbeing component to an assessment of a new and unique education The overall objectives of the Center for Research on intervention, the Opening Doors experiment. Done in Experience and Well Being (CREW), a National Institute collaboration with the Manpower Demonstration Research of Aging Roybal Center, are to (1) develop new methods for Corporation (MDRC), Opening Doors provided 4,400 the measurement of wellbeing and health, and (2) use these economically disadvantaged young adults in a set of community measures to better understand and document the experience colleges across the country with extra financial assistance, of aging. The measures developed will be used to analyze how mentoring, and curricular enhancements, all aimed at increasing different life circumstances and situations contribute to the their levels of educational attainment. The study will assess overall quality of life across the life cycle. The combination of how the intervention affects health and health behaviors in measurements of the affective experience of situations and the short run; how initial health affects progression through activities with measurements of the time spent by the population college; and whether the intervention ameliorates adverse in these activities, currently collected by the Department of effects of initial health on educational attainment. Labor Statistics, will contribute to the development of an experimental system of National Wellbeing Accounts.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 13 Center for Health and Wellbeing

Parental Resources and Child Wellbeing Teaching This project studies how parental resources affect children’s One of CHW’s goals is to expand the Woodrow Wilson wellbeing, as measured by children’s health status and their School’s graduate-level teaching program in health and health cognitive, social, and emotional development. The first aim of policy. The major vehicle for doing this is the Certificate in this project is to examine how three broadly defined aspects Health and Health Policy (HHP), which graduate students of parental resources—economic status, family structure, and earn by completing four courses—two required courses and parental health (both mental and physical)—are related to two electives—on health-related topics. The HHP Certificate each other. The second is to study how parental resources is directed by Elizabeth Armstrong, a medical sociologist who affect the quality of parenting (discipline, warmth, supervision, is affiliated with CHW and OPR. The HHP program and cognitive stimulation) and material resources (e.g., home sponsors a set of courses open to graduate students, as well as learning materials, food security, neighborhood safety, and brown bag lunches and career panels for students. In the fall access to medical care) that children receive. Finally, the of 2007, CHW admitted its first cohort of scholars under the researchers are examining how all of these inputs, in turn, new Adel Mahmoud Global Health Scholars Program, which affect children’s outcomes. A specific case study is on the provides outstanding Princeton students with funding for determinants of childhood obesity, a preventable child travel and research to pursue global health-related internships health outcome that is the precursor of adult obesity. and senior thesis research. The program, which is supported Visiting Fellows by Merck & Company, Inc., is named in honor of Adel Mahmoud M.D., Ph.D. for his distinguished career at Merck The Center for Health and Wellbeing (CHW) hosts visiting & Company, Inc. and pioneering work in global health. researchers each year and also has a postdoctoral fellows program. CHW supports researchers from a variety of disciplines Conferences and Seminars who work on the multiple aspects of health and wellbeing in CHW sponsors a research seminar series and a number of both developed and developing countries. Visitors usually conferences each year. In 2007, it sponsored 20 seminars, a spend an academic year or a semester in residence at colloquium on HIV/AIDS that was run by the Princeton Princeton, during which time they conduct research and AIDS Initiative (part of CHW), and hosted the Tenth participate in conferences, seminars, and other CHW events. BREAD Conference on Development Economics. Visitors have the opportunity to teach in the Woodrow Wilson School. For more information about CHW, see http://weblamp.princeton.edu/chw.

14 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH Center for Migration and Development

The Center for Migration and Development (CMD) Immigrant Organizations and sponsors a wide array of research, travel, and conference Political Incorporation programs aimed at linking scholars with interests in the broad In response to recent well-publicized concerns about the area of migration and community with national development. resistance to cultural and political assimilation by Latino Of particular interest to CMD research is the relationship migrants, CMD has launched a new study of the ways in between immigrant communities in the developed world which organizations created by these migrants orient themselves and the growth and development prospects of the sending toward issues of U.S. citizenship acquisition, electoral nations. The Center’s data archive and working papers series participation, and general political integration. The project is provide readily available resources based on recent research based on an updated inventory of all organizations created by conducted at Princeton. CMD provides a venue for regular Mexicans and other Latin American migrants and interviews with scholarly dialogue about migration and development; serves leaders of the most important and representative of these groups. as a catalyst for collaborative research on these topics; promotes The Second Generation in Spain: connections with other Princeton University programs, as A Comparative Perspective well as with other neighboring institutions where scholars are conducting research in these fields; hosts workshops and After completing the Children of Immigrant Longitudinal lectures focusing on the many aspects of international migration Study (CILS), the largest project of its kind in the United and national development; sponsors awards for international States, CMD has launched a new line of research seeking to travel and research; provides fellowship opportunities at replicate and extend the findings and theoretical models Princeton for scholars with interests in these areas; enhances developed by the study in a European context. Spain has been course offerings during regular terms for interested graduate selected for this replication because of its surging new second and undergraduate students; maintains and makes available a generation population, its particular mix of nationalities, and data archive of unique studies on the field of migration; and the good disposition of its authorities and academics to host disseminates the findings of recent research through its this large-scale comparative project. Working Paper Series. Success out of Disadvantage Research in the Second Generation Immigration Policy in the United States As a sequel to CILS, CMD initiated an investigation of A line of inquiry focused on exploring best ways to resolve the factors that can lead second generation youths growing up in current political impasse on immigration policy, finding ways poverty and disadvantage to overcome these obstacles in order that best fit the economic needs of the nation while promoting to achieve an advanced education. The study takes advantage the human and civil rights of the immigrant population. of the longitudinal character of CILS to identify a sample of such exceptional cases during early adulthood. It is based on Immigration and the Health System interviews with 50 of these respondents and their families A line of research focused on the interface between a growing seeking to identify causes of their extraordinary careers immigrant population with distinct health needs, language and achievement. limitations, and low economic resources and the health Institutions and Development system of the United States. Ways in which this largely for-profit system copes with the health needs of the foreign- This is a theoretical and empirical inquiry on the role that born and ways to improve this cultural and economic institutions play in processes of national development. encounter are priorities of this investigation. The project is based on a tightly-defined, measurable definition of institutions and as a comparative design featuring detailed studies of five really-existing institutions in five Latin American countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 15 Center for Migration and Development

Funding and Awards Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) and the The Center sponsors an annual competition supporting Comparative Immigrant Entrepreneurship Project (CIEP). research by Sociology faculty and students working in Ana Margarita Cervantes-Rodriguez is an Assistant Professor, designated priority areas and others within its substantive SUNY-Albany, Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino scope. Awards of up to $5,000 are made to deserving Studies Center. Her areas of research interest have focused on proposals to support international travel, document international migration and transnationalism, including acquisition, and other project-related expenses. The Center historical patterns and global shifts, and the study of specific also accepts nominations for the best senior thesis encompassing contexts of exit and reception. Particular interests focus on themes related to development and migration. Research how world systemic forces shape transnationalism, the impact support is available to deserving undergraduates to support of transnational political involvement on national projects thesis research relating to development and migration. and identity formation, and how transnational relations 2007 Visiting Fellows challenge or reinforce power relations. Cervantes-Rodriguez Cristina Escobar received her Ph.D. from the University of spent her sabbatical year as a Visiting Fellow with the CMD. California-San Diego. She comes to the CMD as a Jorge Durand is Professor of Anthropology at the University co-Principal Investigator, with Alejandro Portes, on the project of Guadalajara and co-PI of the Mexican Migration Project “Transnational Immigrant Organizations and Community (MMP). Durand spent his sabbatical year as a Visiting Fellow Development.” The study is sponsored by the MacArthur at the CMD analyzing data from the MMP. He is affiliated Foundation and investigates transnational organizations with the Centro de Investigaciones sobre los Movimientos created by immigrants from the Dominican Republic, Sociales at the University of Guadalajara and the author of Mexico, and Colombia. Escobar recently completed a Mas Alla de la Linea: Patrones Migratorios entre Mexico y study of Colombian immigrant organizations in New Jersey, Estados Unidos and El Norte Es Como el Mar. New York, and Philadelphia. 2007 Colloquium Series Donald Light, Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences at This series features major presentations by CMD associated the University of Medicine of New Jersey, is a CMD faculty faculty and senior visiting scholars; these presentations are associate working on a project on the relationships between commonly co-sponsored by other programs in Sociology and the health-delivery system and the health needs of the new area studies. immigrant population. Three metropolitan areas have been targeted for this large comparative study: Miami, San Diego, For further information about the Center for and Trenton. In collaboration with other CMD-affiliated faculty, Migration and Development, see their website at Light launched this project in 2007. The study builds on http://cmd.princeton.edu/index.shtml. expertise in fieldwork with immigrant populations built by the

16 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH OPR Financial Support

The Office of Population Research gratefully Foundations and Private Organizations acknowledges the generous support provided by the Berlex Laboratories following public and private agencies: • The Cost of Unintended Pregnancy in the Federal Government Agencies United States National Institutes of Health • Biodemography of Health, Social Factors, and Life Anne E. Casey Foundation Challenge • Fragile Families Research Brief Series • Center for Research on Experience and Well Being • Community Empowerment for Malaria Control in Africa Teachers College - Columbia University • Discrimination in the Lives of Young Disadvantaged Men • Child Neglect Study • Explanations of Racial Disparities in Active Life • Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing in Middle Childhood The Ford Foundation • Graduate Program in Demography • Moving Beyond Michigan: Making the Most of Diversity • Infrastructure for Population Research at Princeton • Percent Plans as Affirmative Action: Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project • Parental Resources and Child Wellbeing • Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project: A Summer • Population Research Center – Demography Research Institute for Young Scholars • Poverty, Inequality and Health in Economic Development The Fund for New Jersey • Princeton Center for the Demography of Aging • Fragile Families in Newark • Public Use Data on Mexican Immigration • The Relationship between College Education and Health Healthcare Foundation of NJ • Fragile Families Newark Project National Science Foundation • Collaborative Research: College Choice and the Texas 10% Policy The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation • Doctoral Dissertation Research: From Migrant Social • The American Society of Emergency Contraception Capital to Community Development: A Relational Account of Migration, Remittance, and Inequality The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation • CAREER: Toward Improving the Conceptualization and • Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Measurement of Discrimination • Fetal Personhood: The Raw Edge of Obstetrical Practice • Collaborative Research: Migration and Social Dynamics – and Ethics Unpacking the Black Box of Cumulative Causation

The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation U. S. Department of Justice • Support for the Mexican Migration Project • Investigating Prisoner Reentry: The Impact of Conviction Status on the Employment Prospects of Young Men

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 17 OPR Financial Support

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation The Rand Corporation • The National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen • New Immigrant Survey (NIH)

Northwestern University The Rockefeller Foundation • Social Influences on Early Adult Stress Biomarkers • Future of Children Journal Project

The David and Lucille Packard Foundation Russell Sage Foundation • Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing • Consequences of the New Inequality • Interim Support for the Mexican Migration Project The PEW Charitable Trusts • Religion and Religious Practice Among New Immigrants The Schumann Fund for New Jersey, Inc. to the United States • Fragile Families in Newark

Princeton University The Spencer Foundation • Endowment and Scholarship support for the Program • Higher Educational Opportunity in Texas: The Top in Population Studies 10 Percent Plan in the Shadows of Hopwood – Grutter • General research and teaching support and Gratz

Presbyterian Committee on the Self-Development of People William T. Grant Foundation • Inside-out: Prisoners Rebuilding Lives • Barriers in the Pathway to Adulthood: The Role of Discrimination in the Lives of Young Disadvantaged Men

University of California at Los Angeles • Social Disparities in Health Among Latinos (NIH)

18 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH O P R L i b r a r y

For any research center to function effectively, scholars need across the country and provides for timely interlibrary loans to be supported in their work by other professionals who of journal articles and books and opportunities for staff carry out the ancillary activities that facilitate excellent development and networking. The Library is one of the few research. Highly skilled information retrieval specialists and academic institutions participating in this organization, and it excellent libraries provide the expertise and resources that are provides APLIC members with access to the unique resources required for faculty and researchers to function in today’s housed in the collection. Both Elana Broch and Joann increasingly complex information environment. Donatiello are active members of APLIC. In addition, Donatiello is a member of the Board of Directors of APLIC In the Ansley J. Coale Population Research Collection at through 2010, thus ensuring that Princeton University and Stokes Library, Joann Donatiello and Elana Broch are the OPR are playing an active role in the work of the association. population research librarians. They provide research assistance, training, selection of material, and delivery of The Coale Population Research Collection at Princeton printed sources as well as electronic documents, and they University is one of the world’s oldest and most renowned. offer cutting edge information services in many formats in There are many publications in the category of “grey a timely and efficient manner. Michi Nakayama, special literature” in the collection that have only been accessible collections assistant and a longtime member of the staff, through a card catalog, and thus not known to researchers provides efficient and knowledgeable support services. around the world. Materials in this category include working papers, unpublished conference papers, research institute The Stokes Library, under the direction of Nancy Pressman publications, non-governmental organization and government Levy and within which the Coale Collection is housed, has a publications. Many of the publications were published in total staff of 3 librarians and 5 support staff. The library has limited quantities and in their original languages. Joann ample room for study and research, with tables and quiet Donatiello has been working on a project to maximize access study areas that are completely networked and wired to to these materials, both at Princeton University as well as accommodate the use of laptop computers. In addition, within the international research community, by adding the library was the first library on campus to offer wireless information about the materials to the Princeton University network communication—a service that has become very Library online catalog and to OCLC—an international popular. Printing and photocopying facilities are available. catalog that is searched by academics and researchers worldwide. The Library also has three collaborative study rooms. These Creating electronic records increases the likelihood that they rooms are designed for groups of students and/or faculty will be aware of and know where to obtain these valuable to work on various projects. The Library also houses an research documents. Particularly for countries with few instructional classroom with 12 student workstations and resources, this is invaluable. Researchers may request a loan an instructor’s workstation. The room is available for classes of the materials, or in many cases, they can be scanned and conducted by Library staff for the Princeton University distributed electronically. To date, records have been created community. The classroom is also used for computer workshops for 2,060 items. The project is funded by the Office of held by the Office of Population Research, the Woodrow Population Research and the Princeton University Library. Wilson School, the Sociology Department, and other units of the University Library system. The classroom computers are During the first week of classes, Elana Broch and Joann available to Library users when not reserved for class sessions. Donatiello were invited to introduce themselves to the The Library has a scanner workstation for use by students, incoming graduate students and inform them about an faculty, and staff. The work station includes: Microsoft upcoming library orientation session. The librarians then Office software; the Adobe Design Collection, which includes met with the students to explain the resources and services Photoshop 7.0, Illustrator 10, InDesign 2.0 and Acrobat 5.0; available to them. The librarians also meet with the new students Macromedia Director 8.5; Roxio Easy CD Creator Platinum; and at the end of their first year to reacquaint them with the library Dreamweaver. The work station also includes a duplex printer. services as they begin their individual research projects.

The Stokes Library is a member of the Association of The Coale Collection continues to be one of the world’s Population Libraries and Information Centers. The renowned population collections, numbering over 46,000 association is an extensive network of demography libraries bound volumes as well as more than 17,000 locally cataloged

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 19 OPR Library

reprints, technical reports, manuscripts, working and users create thematic maps and reports using demographic discussion papers from other centers of population study, and and other data. Along with the specialized resources of interest more than 300 journals. The Library continually acquires to OPR researchers, the University Library provides access to new books, reports, documents, journals, and other research over 13,000 electronic journals and 800 online licensed materials for the collection; these new acquisitions facilitate databases that are relevant to the work of the OPR. research on the various projects conducted by OPR users. The Library provides document delivery services through Approximately 1,200 items are added annually. The subjects Medline, CISTI, British National Library, and Princeton’s covered include vital statistics, censuses, general works about own collections. Articles needed on an urgent basis may be demography, population policy, immigration, family planning, ordered rush and delivered electronically to the desktop. child welfare, and public health. Sixty percent of the collection Borrow Direct is a service that allows faculty and researchers consists of statistical materials (censuses and vital statistics) to request books directly from the libraries at Yale, Brown, from all over the world. A microform collection of University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, Dartmouth, and approximately 4,000 microfilms and 2,000 microfiche Columbia. The books are delivered to the requestor’s mailbox consists primarily of international censuses. A microfilm/ on campus within four business days—much faster than fiche reader is available, and print copies can be made. traditional interlibrary loan. In addition to Borrow Direct, A wide range of electronic resources is used by researchers, the Stokes Library offers the ‘Library Express’ service. graduate and undergraduate students, and reference librarians This program provides for the rapid delivery of books at the Stokes Library. POPLINE and Population Index Online, owned by Princeton University Library to the mailboxes the primary demographic databases, are used extensively. of OPR constituents. Additional electronic tools of importance to researchers Additional services provided to OPR’s researchers include include the Library’s Main Catalog, which provides access to research consultations and reference assistance, a selective books, journal titles, government reports, and a wide variety of dissemination of information service whereby information other scholarly material owned by the Library; major research is distributed based on researchers’ individual profiles, the catalogs of holdings, including OCLC’s Worldcat and the distribution of tables of contents from journals specifically Center for Research Libraries in Chicago, and other relevant designated by each researcher, and individual and group databases. Other electronic resources of interest to OPR training sessions on various information resources. Finally, include Sociological Abstracts, ISI Web of Science, Soc Index, Population Research librarians review the latest books Global Health Database, EconLit, ScienceDirect, Psychinfo, acquired by the Library on a weekly basis and alert OPR Medline, PAIS, Social Explorer (a database that creates faculty to those titles that are of particular interest to their interactive maps of demographic data back to 1940), and the areas of research. Cochrane Library, a collection of medical databases covering the effects of interventions in health care. The library recently For more information on the Coale Collection, please added access to SimplyMap, a mapping application that lets see http://opr.princeton.edu/library.

20 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH 2007 Notestein Seminars

• John Santelli, Columbia University, “Abstinence-Only • Michael Rosenfeld, Stanford University, Proclivities and Demographic Realities.” February 6, 2007 “Young Adulthood as a Factor in Social Change.” September 18, 2007 • Elizabeth Frankenberg, University of California, Los Angeles, “The Impact of the Tsunami on Mortality and • Christine Percheski, Princeton University, “Opting Out? Mental Health in Sumatra, Indonesia.” February 13, 2007 Cohort Differences in Professional Women’s Employment from 1960 to 2005.” September 25, 2007 • John Wilmoth, United Nations & University of California, Berkeley, “The Duration of Life throughout the World: • John Casterline, The Ohio State University, “The What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?” Estimation of Unwanted Fertility.” October 2, 2007 February 20, 2007 • John Iceland, University of Maryland, “Hispanic • Kathleen Mullan Harris, University of North Carolina, Segregation in Metropolitan America: Exploring the “The Origins of Disadvantage in the Transition to Multiple Forms of Spatial Assimilation.” October 9, 2007 Adulthood.” February 27, 2007 • James P. Smith, Rand & Institute for the Study of Labor • Andy Cherlin, John Hopkins University, “American (IZA), “The Division of Bequests.” October 16, 2007 Merry-Go-Round: Serial Partnership and Its Consequences • Charles Westoff, Princeton University, “Estimating for Children.” March 6, 2007 Abortion Rates around the World.” October 23, 2007 • Carlos Castillo-Chavez, Arizona State University, • Sean Reardon, Stanford University, “Income, Race, “Dynamics and Evolution of Emergent and Re-emergent & Spatial Segregation in the Metropolis, 1980-2000.” Diseases in a Global Economy.” March 13, 2007 November 6, 2007 • Jane McLeod, Schuessler Institute for Social Research, • Emily Moiduddin, Princeton University, “Understanding Indiana University, “The Life Course Implications of the Sources of Racial and Gender Disparities in Early Childhood Mental Health Problems.” March 27, 2007 Childhood Aggression.” November 13, 2007 • Conrad Hackett, Princeton University, “Religion and • Christopher Wildeman, Princeton University, “Parental Fertility in the United States.” April 3, 2007 Imprisonment: The Emergence of a Novel Form of • Cameron Campbell, University of California, Los Angeles, Childhood Disadvantage.” November 20, 2007 “Was There a Revolution? Kinship and Inequality Over the • Jason Boardman, Population Program, University of Very Long Term in Liaoning, China, 1749-2004.” Colorado, “Incorporating Molecular Information within April 10, 2007 Social Demographic Analysis.” November 27, 2007 • Yu Xie, University of Michigan, “Causal Inference and • Kenneth Hill, Johns Hopkins University, “Convergence or Population Heterogeneity.” April 17, 2007 Divergence: Child Mortality Trends in the Late 20th • Jake Rosenfeld, Princeton University, “Big Labor Goes to Century.” December 4, 2007 the Polls: Unions and Voter Turnout in Post-Accord • Judith Seltzer, UCLA “Providing for Older Mothers: Is It a America.” April 24, 2007 Family Affair?” December 11, 2007 • Jeff Morenoff, University of Michigan, “Neighborhoods and Health: Findings from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study.” May 1, 2007

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 21 OPR Research

Children and Families lived together when the child was one year old, and whether Audrey Beck, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Alison Buttenheim, the father provided financial support when the child was one Carey Cooper, Michelle DeKlyen, Jean Grossman, Margot year old. Among unmarried parents, they found some Jackson, Jean Knab, Sara McLanahan, Sarah Meadows, and evidence that child gender is associated with fathers’ involvement Daniel Notterman. around the time of the birth: sons born to unmarried parents are more likely than daughters to receive the father’s surname, O especially if the mother has no other children. However, one Sara McLanahan, Sarah Meadows, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn year after birth, they found very little evidence that child examined the association between parental major depressive gender was related to parents’ living arrangements or the and generalized anxiety disorders and child behavior problems amount of time or money fathers invest in their children. In across a variety of family types: married, cohabiting, involved contrast, and consistent with previous research, fathers who nonresident father, and noninvolved nonresident father. They were married when their child is born were more likely to live found that among three-year-olds, maternal anxiety/depression with a son than with a daughter one year after birth. This is associated with increased odds of anxious/depressed, pattern supports an interpretation of child gender effects attention deficit, and oppositional defiant disorders. Paternal based on parental beliefs about the importance of fathers for anxiety/depression had no significant association with these the long-term development of sons. problem behaviors; however, it exacerbated anxious/depressed O behaviors in young children if both parents were ill and if the father was coresident. The findings underscore the importance With Rachel Kimbro (Rice University), Sara McLanahan and of maternal mental health for child wellbeing and suggest that a Jeanne Brooks-Gunn examined racial/ethnic differences in negative interaction between parent illnesses is most likely when overweight and obesity in three-year-old children from parents and children share the same disorder. low-income, urban families and assessed the possible determinants of this difference. They found that 35 percent O of the study children were overweight or obese. Hispanic Sara McLanahan, Carey Cooper, Sarah Meadows, and Jeanne children were twice as likely as either black or white children Brooks-Gunn used data from the Fragile Families and Child to be overweight or obese. After controlling for a wide variety Wellbeing Study (N = 2,753) to examine family structure of characteristics, they were unable to explain either transitions and maternal parenting stress. Using multilevel white–Hispanic or black–Hispanic differences in overweight modeling techniques, they found that mothers who exit and obesity. However, birth weight, taking a bottle to bed, co-residential relationships with a biological father or enter and mother’s weight status were important predictors of children’s co-residential relationships with a non-biological father overweight or obesity at age three years. The study shows that experience higher levels of parenting stress than mothers in race/ethnic gaps in obesity appear as early as age three. stable co-residential relationships. Mothers’ pre-transition O resources account for very little of these associations, whereas post-transition resources appear to mediate the associations. McLanahan, Carey Cooper, Audrey Beck, and Cynthia Significant interactions between maternal education and family Osborne (University of Texas) used data from the Fragile structure transitions suggest that divorcing a biological father or Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,957) to examine moving in with a non-biological father increases parenting partnership instability and children’s wellbeing during the stress for less educated mothers. In contrast, moving in with a transition to elementary school. They found that co-residential biological father decreases stress for highly educated mothers. transitions are related to externalizing, attention, and social problems. Mothers’ mental health and use of harsh parenting O partially mediate the associations between co-residential Sara McLanahan, with Shelly Lundberg and Elaina Rose of transitions and child outcomes at age five. The impact of the University of Washington, examined the effects of child co-residential transitions on externalizing, attention, and gender on father involvement to determine if gender effects social problems is stronger for boys than girls. Also, non- differ by parents’ marital status. They examined several co-residential transitions predict externalizing and attention indicators of father involvement, including whether the father problems for white children but not for Hispanic children. acknowledged “ownership” of the child, whether the parents

22 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Finally, the association between co-residential transitions and following a non-marital birth. They find that more generous verbal ability is stronger for children with highly educated benefits and stepped up efforts to collect child support payments mothers than for children of less educated mothers. are associated with lower rates of marriage and stricter policies on O welfare receipt are associated with higher marriage rates. O With Columbia University colleagues Amanda Geller, Irv Garfinkel, and Ronald Mincy, Carey Cooper looked at Using recent data from the National Survey of Family parental incarceration and child wellbeing and its Growth and the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing studies, implications for urban families. Using Fragile Families data, Jean Knab and Kristen Harknett (University of Pennsylvania) they found that children of incarcerated parents face more examine the relationship between marrying before or after a economic and residential instability than their counterparts. conception and subsequent marital stability among first-time Children of incarcerated fathers also display more behavior parents. Despite changes in the norms surrounding premarital problems, though other development differences are pregnancy and substantial declines in the likelihood of marrying insignificant. Several family differences are magnified when in response to a non-marital pregnancy, they find that, as in both parents have been incarcerated. decades past, marriages that began before a conception were O more stable than those that began after a conception. While couples that marry before and after a conception are similar Michelle DeKlyen’s major research uses data from the Fragile in their reported relationship quality at the time of their first Families Study to examine the strengths, risks, and needs of birth, they differ in a number of other characteristics, such as families of children born in Newark, New Jersey. Her findings race, education, and cohabitation history, which are correlated have been disseminated through invitational forums and with marital instability. Couples that marry after conception presentations to a variety of local organizations, through research are also far more likely to have had an unplanned pregnancy, briefs on language development and fathers' involvement, and which is also associated with marital instability. through a website. Funds for this project were provided by O the Fund for New Jersey, the Schumann Fund for New Jersey, the Healthcare Foundation of New Jersey, and the Sagner Daniel Notterman, a new faculty associate of OPR, is Family Foundation. Among the findings of this research, interested in gene-environment interactions in at-risk women children born in Newark hospitals were more likely to have and children. Many complex human phenotypes result from low birthweights, to be asthmatic, and to be hospitalized interactions between functional polymorphisms in central overnight in their first year of life than were children born nervous system pathways and specific environmental stressors. in other large cities. At three years of age they had lower For example, children exposed to maltreatment or abuse often vocabulary scores and more behavior problems. Their parents grow up to develop antisocial behaviors such as violence were more likely to be unmarried and to live in poverty and toward others. However, some children seem protected from had completed fewer years of education than parents in this unhappy outcome. Why? One possibility is that these comparison cities. Although they were less likely to have individuals have a functional polymorphism in the participated in early intervention, they were more likely to neurotransmitter degrading enzyme (MAOA) that increases express interest in parenting programs. Mothers who gave the enzymes activity. This increase in MAO activity seems to birth in Newark hospitals were more likely to be depressed, reduce the likelihood of developing violent or other anti- to be obese, and to smoke, but less likely to drink heavily. social behavior as an adult. Notterman has begun a Fathers were more likely to have histories of incarceration but collaboration with The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing were also more likely to be involved with their children than Study, which contains detailed measures of key environmental were fathers in the other cities, once demographic differences variables including material hardship, neighborhood (or were accounted for. social) disorganization, and stressful family environments. At O the nine-year wave of data collection, samples of DNA are being collected from mothers and children (approximately As part of a volume entitled Welfare Reform and Its Long-Term 8,000 samples expected). Notterman’s lab is serving as the Consequences for America's Poor (James P. Ziliak, ed., Core DNA Resource and is developing high-throughput Cambridge University Press), Jean Knab, Irv Garfinkel genotyping techniques for evaluating polymorphic genes that (Columbia University), Sara McLanahan, Emily Moiduddin, may interact with a stressful environment to foster substance and Cynthia Osborne (University of Texas-Austin) examined abuse, violence, anxiety, and depression. They are preparing the effects of welfare and child support policies on marriage to study how the stressful life of the single mother—often

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 23 OPR Research

from a minority community with limited access to health care O and other support systems—interacts with functional genetic Alison Buttenheim and co-author Jenna Nobles (University of polymorphisms to affect her ability to cope with a difficult California-Berkeley) investigates two aspects of marriage in and stressful environment. One study examines the effect of Indonesia using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. several gene polymorphisms on substance abuse in the In a paper forthcoming in Journal of Marriage and Family, mother; another will test the hypothesis that depression and they find evidence that wage rates are negatively associated anxiety syndromes are conditioned by interactions between with first marriage among young adults in the 1990s in specific maternal genotypes and the involvement of the Indonesia, in contrast to much of the literature on economic father in support and parenting. The long-term goal is to determinants of marriage. A second related paper looks at the better understand how genetics and environment interact to persistence of ethnic-based nuptial regimes in predicting produce specific types of personality and behavior. marriage behavior in the wake of rapid economic development O and increased educational attainment in Indonesia. Results suggest that norms continue to influence marriage ages and Margot Jackson uses data from the National Longitudinal post-marriage residence in contemporary Indonesia, and, Survey of Youth 97 and the British National Child more generally, that ethnic-based nuptial regimes can be Development Study to study two questions. First, is there critical and persistent determinants of marriage behaviors variation by social background in the link between health and even as societies rapidly develop. education, meaning that some children have a more difficult time than others succeeding educationally while struggling O with a health condition? Secondly, do students with poorer Jean Grossman, in conjunction with Jean Rhodes (University health have a harder time navigating the hurdles of the of Massachusetts-Boston) and Carla Herrera (Public/Private educational process, whereby they perform worse and end up Ventures), developed a set of standardized outcome measures in less rigorous academic tracks, with consequences for their that could be used by all BBBS agencies and other youth eventual socioeconomic attainment? Findings in the U.S. mentoring programs to gauge outcomes. The measures show that the negative educational consequences of poor included indicators related to academic performance, health are not limited to the most socially disadvantaged behavior, psychological wellbeing, parent/peer relationships, adolescents, but are in fact strongest for non-Hispanic white and vocational aspirations. The second phase of the study, set adolescents. The consequences of poor adolescent health in for 2008, will test out the measurement package with a set of the U.S. therefore span the social spectrum. In both the U.S. agencies, having case managers use the instrument to track and the U.K., she also finds that the experience of a health the progress matches are making over 12 months. problem during the educational process increases the likelihood that children will end up in less rigorous O educational tracks and perform more poorly, which is in turn Grossman also examines whether an intensive, well related to socioeconomic success in adulthood. The size of implemented, academically focused, out-of-school-time predicted gaps in socioeconomic attainment by childhood (OST) program can increase academic performance of health are similar to the size of predicted gaps by variables disadvantaged fifth- through eighth-grade students and at known to play a crucial role in processes of inequality and what cost. Over three years, 1,020 students will be recruited stratification. The findings therefore emphasize the need to into the study and half will be randomly assigned to receive consider the role of early-life health in transmitting inequality an offer to participate in an intensive OST program offered across generations. by the Higher Achievement Program (HAP) of Washington, O DC. HAP provides students four years of summer school, after school programming and high school placement Margot Jackson and Robert Mare (University of California- assistance. During 2007, Grossman oversaw the recruitment Los Angeles) use geocoded data from the Panel Study of and randomization of the second and third cohorts of fifth- Income Dynamics to develop a method for separating the and sixth-graders. effects of two neighborhood processes—residential mobility and neighborhood change—on children’s wellbeing. Although O both processes cause the quality and composition of a child’s Jointly with Manpower Development and Research neighborhood to vary, they do not necessarily have the same Corporation (MDRC), Jean Grossman is designing and is influence. Identifying the independent effect of each, if any, is working on the impact evaluation of a multi-organizational an important step toward fully understanding how much and project for the U.S. Department of Education. This project how characteristics of neighborhoods matter for children. involves conducting two parallel random assignment

24 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 evaluations (each with 2,000 sample members) of reading and were more likely to commit offenses in school and to be math after-school curricula to test the impacts on key student suspended, even controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, outcomes, especially academic achievement. During 2007, in and organizational characteristics. Furthermore, they found conjunction with staff at MDRC, she helped analyze the first that the proportion of students who were old-for-grade or year of experimental data, including analyzing how the retained had independent effects on the problematic behavior quality of implementation affected the size of the impacts and of other students. helped draft the first-year report. She developed the method O that was used in the analysis to account for the multiple tests. She also developed the evaluation design for the second year. A wealth of empirical evidence has documented that growing up in poverty places children at risk for a wide range of physical, O cognitive, and socio-emotional problems. For example, Grossman, as co-principal investigator, is designing and parents and teachers report that low-income children are conducting a random assignment evaluation of Big Brothers more likely to be aggressive, to experience symptoms of Big Sisters’ school-based mentoring program. The study will depression, and to receive lower scores on measures of academic entail following the lives of approximately 1,000 elementary achievement compared to their more affluent peers. and middle school students for a year and a half from the Understanding the ways in which poverty affects children’s time they apply to the program. Grossman directed the analysis wellbeing, therefore, is an important goal for social science of both the end-of-school-year impacts and the 15-month researchers. In the large and growing body of literature on the impacts. In addition, she conducted analysis on the association development of economically disadvantaged children, Carey between the length of a school-based match and impacts, as Cooper examines a powerful explanation for the association well as the quality/closeness of the mentee-mentor relationship between poverty and poor development that has emerged: the and impacts. Much of the year was also spent writing up family process model. As background, she begins by briefly these results and conducting follow-up analyses. describing childhood poverty in the United States and the O effects of poverty on children’s development. She then describes the components of the family process model and As co-principal investigator of a study to determine the cost reviews research that provides support for the model. Finally, of high quality out-of-school time programs, Jean Grossman’s Cooper closes by discussing future directions for research on project entails collecting cost data from hundreds of programs the family process model. and the development of a “blue book” or a hedonic cost O index that can be used to determine the cost of programs with different types of structures and focus (i.e. academic Carey Cooper and Robert Crosnoe (University of Texas) programs, recreational programs, school-based vs. community- considered academic risk and resilience in the context of based, with higher or lower staff-youth ratios, etc.). In 2007, economic disadvantage, examining the associations among Grossman oversaw the analysis of the program cost data such disadvantage, parental involvement in education, and including conducting the “blue book” analysis, and wrote children’s academic orientation in a sample of 489 inner-city three publications from this data—one on the cost of out- families. Neither parents’ nor children’s engagement in the of-school time programs, one on city-level costs of educational system was significantly associated with a strengthening programs, and lastly, the “blue book.” multidimensional scale of economic disadvantage after O accounting for demographic characteristics and children’s academic achievement. The association between parental Audrey Beck and colleagues Clara Muschkin and Elizabeth involvement and academic orientation, however, differed Glennie from Duke University looked at effects of school by level of economic disadvantage. In economically peers on student behavior, using age, grade retention, and disadvantaged families, parental involvement was associated disciplinary infractions in middle school. This study analyzed with greater levels of child academic orientation. In other the influence of old-for-grade and retained peers on the families, parental involvement and academic orientation behavior of students in middle school—specifically, the were inversely associated with each other. propensity of seventh-graders to engage in deviant behaviors O in school. They also examined the propensity for students to receive an out-of-school suspension, one of the more severe Cooper and Crosnoe, with Marie-Anne Suizzo and Keenan consequences for disciplinary infractions. Their findings were Pituch (University of Texas), using multilevel models of data consistent with peer influence theories of adolescent behavior. from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten They found that both old-for-grade and retained students Cohort (N = 20,356), found that parental involvement in

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 25 OPR Research

education partially mediates the association between family argument about linking family and school ecologies still holds poverty and children’s math and reading achievement in value for opening dialogue between developmental research kindergarten, though differences exist across race. In Asian on economic inequality and other disciplines of study and, in families, poor and non-poor children have similar levels of the process, informing public policy. achievement. Poverty is not related to black children’s O participation in extracurricular activities, but these activities are not associated with black children’s achievement. Home- Carey Cooper and colleagues Kristin Neff and Althea learning activities predict reading achievement in Hispanic Woodruff (University of Texas) looked at children’s and families only. The findings provide support for application adolescents’ developing perceptions of gender inequality in of the family process model to educational outcomes during two studies. The first study examined perceptions of inequality the transition to elementary school and underscore the need among 272 early, middle, and late adolescents, focusing on to examine developmental models across racial subsets of the spheres of politics, business, and the home. Results the population. indicated an age-related increase in perceptions of male dominance. Men were seen to have more power and status in O politics than in business, while relative equality was seen to One long-range method of alleviating economic stratification exist in the home. The second study included 96 child and in the U.S. is to target the mechanisms by which it disrupts adolescent participants aged 7-15, and once again found an early schooling. Carey Cooper and Robert Crosnoe’s study of increase in general perceptions of male dominance with age. poor children’s transitions into school, studying families and The results suggest that young children are less explicitly informing policy, drew on insights from multiple disciplines aware of gender inequality than might be assumed given their to expand a core developmental perspective—the family extensive knowledge of power-loaded gender role stereotypes. process model—in an effort to elucidate family mechanisms and identify their school remedies. The aims of this study Data and Methods were to examine: 1) the degree of economic disparities in Adrianna Lleras-Muney, Alan Krueger, Scott Lynch, Matthew early learning gains, 2) whether these disparities were mediated Salganik, and Samuel Schulhofer-Wohl. by family adjustment, family relationships, and parenting, and 3) whether such mediators were moderated by school O staffing/services and classroom environment. Multilevel models Multistate life tables provide us with estimates of the length with data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study- of remaining life that individuals can expect to live in Kindergarten Cohort revealed that the accumulation of markers different states, like healthy versus unhealthy, married versus of economic disadvantage—especially poverty and low parent unmarried, etc. (called state expectancies). The traditional education combined—substantially reduced math/reading test approach to producing these tables does not produce interval score gains across primary grades. These differences were estimates, but instead, produces only a point estimate that explained, in part, by differences in children’s socio-emotional fails to reflect the uncertainty with which state expectancies problems, parenting stress, and parents’ provision of stimulating are estimated. Additionally, the traditional approach does not materials and organized activities for children. A triangulation allow us to answer important questions about heterogeneity of methods suggested that these effects were robust to observable in state expectancies across the population. Over the past and unobservable confounds. Although moderation by school several years, Scott Lynch has developed a method that factors was the exception rather than the rule, family adjustment addresses these two limitations. More recently, he has been factors were more likely than other mediators to be buffered extending this method to handle cross-sectional data. Most by school resources (e.g., teacher tenure within grade), and life table methods require panel data so that transition parenting factors were more likely to be reinforced by school probabilities between states across time can be observed and resources (e.g., programs for parents, classroom computer modeled. These transition probabilities are then used as input access). These results suggest that specific combinations of for life table estimation. However, panel data are substantially school contexts and family processes might improve the early less common than cross-sectional data. As a consequence, learning of economically disadvantaged children while not many researchers use “Sullivan’s method” to produce necessarily reducing economic disparities in learning. multistate-like estimates of state expectancies. Yet the same Although these results could not identify a more general limitations to the traditional approach to multistate life table pattern of school buffering against family risks, the larger estimation also apply to Sullivan’s method. Lynch’s new method overcomes these limitations.

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O emerge from the action and interaction of individuals? Scott Lynch also published a book entitled Introduction to The success and failure of cultural products is mysterious. Bayesian Statistics and Estimation for Social Scientists that was Best-selling books, blockbuster movies, and hit songs are published by Springer. This book shows what Bayesian much more successful than other products, suggesting that statistics is about and how Bayesian analysis is performed. these "superstars" are somehow special. Yet, despite these The book is highly applied and includes a number of R apparent differences, predicting which particular product will programs that can be used to estimate parameters from become the next-big-thing appears to be almost impossible. common social science models. The first Harry Potter book, which went on to become tremendously successful, was initially rejected by eight O different publishers. Salganik addressed this puzzling nature Samuel Schulhofer-Wohl studies methods for age-period- of success in a series of four web-based experiments involving cohort (APC) analysis. The failure of identification in age- more than 27,000 people, something that would not have period-cohort models due to the perfect linear relationship been possible in a traditional laboratory experiment. This between birth year, age, and current year is one of the longest- study, with sociologist Duncan Watts (Columbia University) standing methodological problems in the social sciences. In and mathematician Peter Dodds (University of Vermont), recent papers, Schulhofer-Wohl and sociologists/demographers created a website where people could listen to and download Yang Yang (University of Chicago) and Kenneth Land (Duke new music, and more importantly, where the researchers University) and biostatistician Wenjiang Fu (Michigan State could control the information that people had about the University) use simulations and applied examples to examine behavior of others. By these means, it was possible to the properties of the intrinsic estimator (IE) for additive experimentally explore the role of social influence in the age-period-cohort models. The IE is shown to perform better creation of fads and thereby better understand success and than other commonly used estimators in both small and large failure in cultural markets. datasets. In a new project, Schulhofer-Wohl and Yang develop O a novel model of continuously evolving age and cohort effects. The conventional linear age-period-cohort model assumes that Alan Krueger has launched a major project to improve the influence of age is the same in all time periods, that the government statistics. This project will involve 10-12 papers influence of present conditions is the same for people of all that evaluate different aspects of important government ages, and that cohorts do not change as they age. The new statistical indicators. He is planning to publish the papers, of model relaxes these assumptions and should be useful for which he would author three or four in a special issue of an studying a wide variety of social scientific topics, such as economics journal. changes in the pattern of mortality or the pattern of O consumption inequality over the life course. Adrianna Lleras-Muney and Bo Honoré (Princeton O University) investigated the estimation of competing risk Matthew Salganik’s research has addressed a number of models (such as models of mortality by cause), when the questions at the intersection of social networks and statistics. assumption of independence is potentially violated. Their His work on respondent-driven sampling, a network-based methodology was applied to estimate whether progress in statistical method for the study of hidden populations, has now cancer treatment has been affected by progress in treatment of been used in more than 100 studies in more than 20 countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD), employing a competing risk including a Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) model to model mortality from multiple causes. Thirty years study of drug injectors in the 25 largest U.S. cities; this work after Nixon declared war on cancer, the age-adjusted mortality involved collaboration with sociologist Douglas Heckathorn rate from cancer was the same in 2000 as it was in the early (Cornell University) and mathematician Sharad Goel (Yahoo 1970s, leading many to conclude that there had been no Research). Salganik’s other work on networks and statistics progress in cancer. Over the same period, however, the age- involved collaborations with statisticians Tian Zheng and Andrew adjusted mortality rate from CVD fell dramatically. Since the Gelman (Columbia University) and formed the basis for a social causes underlying cancer and CVD are likely dependent, the networks module on the 2006 General Social Survey (GSS). decline in mortality rates from CVD may partially explain the lack of progress in cancer mortality. Lleras-Muney and O Honoré derived bounds for aspects of the underlying Salganik’s work on using the Internet for social research may distributions without assuming that the underlying risks are eventually yield new methods for addressing questions in independent. They then estimated changes in cancer and population science. For instance, how do societal patterns cardiovascular mortality since 1970. Because competing risk

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 27 OPR Research

models are fundamentally unidentified, it is difficult to results suggest that a more complex approach to examining estimate cancer trends. However, the bounds for the effect of life course patterns of schooling and health is warranted. time on the duration until death for either cause are fairly Currently, Lynch is investigating whether the measurement of tight and suggest much larger improvements in cancer than education influences our estimates of the changing effect of previously estimated. education on health. Research often arbitrarily chooses O between a years-of-schooling and a diploma/degree approach to measuring education. Yet, the choice of measure may be In a follow-up project, Lleras-Muney and Honoré are extending important, especially if education’s role in society is changing their previous methods to investigate the effects of education over time. So far, Lynch has found that the association and income on mortality from specific causes. Although for between diploma/degree attainment and health is overall mortality education appears to be protective (more strengthening across time, while the association between years education is associated with lower mortality), it is also often of schooling and health is not. This result is consistent with found that more-educated women, at any given age, are in the finding that income is playing an increasingly important fact more likely to die from cancer than less-educated women. role in explaining the link between education and health and Thus cancer presents a puzzle: it is the one disease for which the hypothesis that credentialism is occurring—that diplomas SES does not seem to help. However, previous research that are becoming increasingly important in granting access to has documented this unexpected finding assumes that risks higher-paying jobs with better benefits, both of which may are independent. Lleras-Muney and Honoré are now influence health. investigating whether the effects of education change when O cancer and CVD are modeled as dependent, as their previous research suggests. By examining social gradients in health measures for Hispanics and whites in the U.S., Noreen Goldman and Health and Wellbeing colleagues identified an unusual pattern among Hispanics— Jeanne Altmann, Elizabeth Armstrong, Alison Buttenheim, relatively weak education differentials for a number of health Anne Case, Kelly Cleland, Amy Collins, Angus Deaton, outcomes and health behaviors. An extension of this research Michelle DeKlyen, Noreen Goldman, Jenny Higgins, Margot revealed that much of the mortality advantage of Hispanics Jackson, Joanna Kempner, Alan Krueger, Adriana Lleras-Muney, stemmed from better than expected mortality among lower Scott Lynch, Douglas Massey, Caroline Moreau, Christina SES Hispanics. These studies led to the development of a Paxson, Germán Rodríguez, Burton Singer, James Trussell, collaborative project by Noreen Goldman, Anne Pebley and Charles Westoff. (University of California-Los Angeles), and Rebeca Wong (University of Texas) to investigate the extent to which these O SES gradients are unique to Hispanic groups and to identify The existence of a relationship between education and health the mechanisms that underlie these patterns. This project is well established. Less well known is that the importance of involves examining SES differentials in health in Mexico and education to health varies both across the individual life the potential role of acculturation and assimilation in course and across birth cohorts. In previous research, Scott producing these atypical health gradients in the United States. Lynch found that education’s effect on health grows across age O at the individual level and is becoming increasingly important to health at the societal level. Over the last year, Lynch Several studies related to this project were recently completed completed and published a paper investigating the role that or are underway. Goldman, Duncan Thomas (Duke income plays in these changing individual-level and societal- University), Graciela Teruel (Ibero-American University, level relationships. He found that, at the same time the Mexico) and Luis Rubalcava (CIDE, Mexico) analyzed data overall effect of education on health is increasing, a growing from the 2002 and 2005 waves of the Mexican Family Life proportion of this effect operates through income. Survey (MxFLS) to examine whether there is any evidence to Additionally, the increasingly important role income plays in support the “healthy migrant hypothesis”—i.e., whether explaining the education-health relationship is due to a immigrants from Mexico to the U.S. during the inter-survey strengthening of the associations both between education and period are positively selected by education and health status. income and between income and health. At the individual The results, published in the American Journal of Public level, he found that income plays an increasingly important Health, suggest very modest health-related selection. role in linking education and health until just after midlife, when the effect of both education and income declines. These

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O (2) health assessments in the home—blood pressure, grip Rachel Kimbro (Rice University), graduate student Sharon strength, lung function, timed walks, and chair stands; and (3) Bzostek, Goldman, and Germán Rodríguez examined additional questions in the household interview on pain, education differentials in a broad range of health measures perceived stress, stressful and traumatic events, and sleep. and across diverse racial and ethnic groups based on the O NHIS. In a paper in Health Affairs, they demonstrate that During the past year, Goldman, Weinstein and Glei have education is a more powerful determinant of health for some been preparing data from SEBAS II for public use. A summary groups than others, and that the education gradients in health paper of the Taiwan project to date was published in the for foreign-born groups are generally more modest than those National Academy of Sciences volume, Biosocial Surveys. for the corresponding native-born populations. In addition, numerous projects based on SEBAS I have been O ongoing. For example, Glei, Goldman and Weinstein Two postdoctoral fellows—Alison Buttenheim and Margot explored the extent to which chronic stressors predicted Jackson—are collaborating on the Latino health project. physiological dysregulation in the cardiovascular, immune, Alison Buttenheim estimated SES gradients in obesity and and neuroendocrine systems and the role of individual and smoking from Mexican data (ENSA). The results underscore environmental characteristics in mediating that relationship. the complexity of the socioeconomic determinants of health- In a paper in Psychosomatic Medicine, they concluded that, related behaviors in Mexico, with the magnitude and although the relationship between life challenges and direction of the associations varying by sex, urban/rural physiological dysregulation was generally weak, the combination location, and nature of the SES indicator (education vs. of low social position, weak social networks, and poor coping wealth). In a second paper in progress, they incorporate a ability was associated with greater physiological consequences. measure of regional outmigration from the Mexican census to In a recently published paper, Goldman and colleagues used test hypotheses about gradients among Mexican-origin adults survival data from Taiwan to demonstrate that an array of in the United States. Margot Jackson has been using data on biomedical measurements that are not typically measured in foreign-born and native residents from the Los Angeles clinical exams (measures of immune and neuroendocrine Family and Neighborhood Survey to examine how the function) are at least as predictive as clinical measures (e.g., economic and cognitive returns to education depend not blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose levels) of the risks of only on the level of schooling, but on where the schooling dying in a three-year period. In an ongoing update of this was obtained. analysis, they demonstrate that a set of disease progression markers and non-clinical measures each provide more O discriminatory power in predicting six-year mortality than Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein (Georgetown standard cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. An analysis University), and Dana Glei (University of California- of sex differences in mortality suggests that the majority of Berkeley) are continuing to collaborate with colleagues at the excess male mortality results from the fact that Taiwanese Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health in men are more likely to smoke than women; several markers of Taiwan, on the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging disease progression and inflammation explain a modest Study (SEBAS). This data collection effort, supported by the amount of the sex difference in mortality. National Institute on Aging, was designed to provide insights O into the role of physiological processes in the complex relationships among stressful experience, the social environment, Goldman and postdoctoral fellow Amy Collins examined and physical and mental health. The first wave of the survey, whether findings from previous studies demonstrating that fielded in 2000, includes home-based interviews, collection of subjective measures of relative social position are significant blood and urine samples, and physicians’ health exams from predictors of health are biased. Their results, published in about 1,000 middle-aged and elderly respondents. Social Science and Medicine, underscore that the associations Respondents are a random sub-sample from an ongoing are substantially attenuated when estimated from longitudinal national survey that has collected periodic interviews between data with controls for health status at baseline. Together with 1989 and 2003 in Taiwan. SEBAS II, which was fielded Germán Rodríguez, Collins and Goldman analyzed the between August 2006 and January 2007, has obtained a second relationship between measures of positive wellbeing and set of measurements for biomarkers collected in 2000 as well subsequent disability. Their findings demonstrate that life as several new physiological measures, including (1) satisfaction and perceptions of future happiness are associated inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen; with the development of fewer mobility limitations during

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 29 OPR Research

follow-up, but only for those participants who had no mobility which randomly offers financial, mentoring, and curriculum limitations at baseline. The results suggest a protective services to community college entrants from disadvantaged relationship between psychological wellbeing and physical backgrounds. Although this project could greatly improve our decline in later life. understanding of the effects of education on health in O developed countries today, the preliminary results are disappointing because the program appears to have been A major research initiative of Elizabeth Mitchell Armstrong is unsuccessful at raising educational attainment, making a study of the evolution of fetal personhood and its impact on it impossible to study the subsequent effects of increased the practice and ethics of obstetrics. Advances in medical education on health. Lleras-Muney intends to continue technology have reconfigured our cultural understandings of working in this area and hopefully attempt to estimate pregnancy, giving rise to a new cultural idea, that of fetal causal effects of education on health from other randomized personhood—the notion that the fetus is a person, distinct education interventions. from the pregnant woman. Armstrong’s research examines O how that idea has shaped the way pregnant women, obstetricians and the public at large think about pregnancy, Lleras-Muney has begun studying the economic consequences pregnant women and fetuses. Armstrong’s collaboration with of poor health and the enormous increase in life expectancy Dan Carpenter (Harvard University) and Marie Hojnacki worldwide over the past century. A common argument made (Pennsylvania State University) is an investigation of agenda by economists is that increases in life expectancy affect the setting around disease. This project seeks to understand how incentives to invest in education and health (such behaviors and why some diseases get more attention in the public arena are frequently modeled as a form of savings). This theoretical than other diseases. A paper based on this project won the prediction is one reason why many argue that disease Eliot Freidson Award from the Medical Sociology section of elimination is a powerful strategy toward reducing poverty the American Sociological Association in 2007. Armstrong is and increasing GDP in developing countries, in Africa, also a co-investigator on a proposed multi-site study that will particularly. The magnitude of these effects is not well collect qualitative and quantitative data to understand how understood, however. To estimate the effect of life expectancy women make decisions about childbirth, particularly in light on educational attainment, Seema Jayachandran (Stanford of recent policy and media attention to the issue of elective University) and Lleras-Muney examine maternal mortality cesarean delivery. Armstrong has also begun working on a new declines that took place in Sri Lanka between 1946 and 1953. study of lay and professional attitudes towards immunization, Maternal mortality was a major killer of prime-age women, as well as continuing to work with an interdisciplinary research and its elimination resulted in large increases in the life group on ideas about risk in obstetrics and gynecology. The expectancy of women relative to men in a very short period of group published a paper on the risks, values, and decision- time. Using variation across districts, over time and by making in pregnancy in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the gender, they find that the 80 percent reduction in maternal leading clinical journal for ob/gyns in the United States. mortality risk increased female life expectancy by 1.7 year O (a 4.5 percent increase in prime-age years), and increased female literacy by 7.2 percent. Lower maternal mortality risk In an ongoing project with Adriana Lleras-Muney and David also increased the birth rate. Cutler (Harvard University), preliminary results suggest that O income and budget constraints explain about 30 percent of the differences in health behaviors across education groups. Michelle DeKlyen collaborated with psychologist Virginia Surprisingly, only a small part of the differences by education Kwan (Princeton University) in an examination of the drinking can be explained by differential knowledge of specific health behavior and attitudes of Princeton University students. risks (such as the risks associated with smoking). Most Preliminary results suggest that students who report higher strikingly, a substantial part of the gradient seems to be due social anxiety, depression, and narcissism are more likely to to differences in cognition or decision-making abilities, and drink in response to peer pressure. The amount students say how information about health is perceived and implemented. they drink is related to how much they think other students A new project with Christina Paxson and Cecilia Rouse drink; this may be particularly true of students who score (Princeton University) looks at health effects arising from post- high on narcissism. secondary education. They are collecting data to evaluate the health impact of the “Opening Doors” education intervention,

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O improvements offer important externalities, and that Douglas Massey serves as Principal Investigator on a sanitation programs must encourage the safe disposal of new study funded by NICHD, on a subcontract from children’s feces in order to realize maximum health gains. Northwestern University, on social influences on early adult O stress biomarkers. Social contexts are critical determinants Alison Buttenheim and Elizabeth Frankenberg (Duke of human development and health, but we know very little University) investigated the impact of a major expansion in about the processes or pathways through which they influence access to midwifery services on use of prenatal care and delivery our physical development, health, and wellbeing. This study assistance for women of reproductive age in Indonesia. seeks to determine the extent to which multiple subjective Between 1991 and 1998, Indonesia trained some 50,000 and physiological measures of stress reflect overlapping vs. midwives, placing them in relatively poor communities that distinct markers of strain on the individual. This will be done were relatively distant from health centers. Regardless of a by analyzing the interrelations among self-report measures woman’s educational level, additions of village midwives to of cognitive/emotional stress and measures of cardiovascular, communities are associated with significant increases in metabolic, endocrine, immune, and inflammatory activity receipt of iron tablets and in choices about care during delivery gathered simultaneously in Wave IV of the Add Health study. that reflect a movement away from reliance on traditional Massey’s work will focus on how measures of socioeconomic birth attendants. For women with relatively low levels of status, neighborhood factors, and interpersonal relationships education, village midwives have the additional benefits of in childhood/adolescence and over the transition to increasing use of any prenatal care, and of use of prenatal care adulthood influence stress in early adulthood, using models during the first trimester. In a separate study also using the that attempt to control for selection into these social Indonesia Family Life Survey, Buttenheim is evaluating the environments. The rationale for this work was laid out in an relationship between contraceptive use and participation in article on segregation and stratification published in The microfinance programs, a phenomenon that has not been DuBois Review. widely studied outside of Bangladesh. O O Alison Buttenheim, Harold Alderman (the World Bank), and Burton Singer’s research has two primary foci: (1) identification Jed Friedman (the World Bank) are evaluating a World Food of social, biological, and environmental risks associated with Programme school feeding initiative in Lao PDR. The project vector-borne diseases in the tropics and implications for the included a baseline survey of 4,500 households with school- design and implementation of tropical disease control aged children in 2005, prior to the roll-out of four randomized programs, and (2) integration of psychosocial and biological school feeding interventions in four districts of northern Lao evidence to characterize pathways to alternative states of PDR. Baseline data reveal high rates of stunting and wasting health. The latter focus has emphasized studies of the biological among the Lao children and low levels of school enrollment. substrates of psychological wellbeing and of the interplay The team will return to the field in fall 2008 for the follow-up between cumulative adverse and positive experiences over the study and then analyze the impact of the different interventions life course. The first focus has included assessments of the on children’s health and educational outcomes. interrelationships between ecological transformation, economic O development, and malaria on the Amazon frontier in Brazil. Using longitudinal data from 14 urban slum communities in It has also included studies of urban malaria in Africa. A Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Alison Buttenheim examined the effect second central feature has been historical analyses of the bases of improved sanitation on child health to assess the relative for successful malaria control programs from 1900 to the importance of household vs. neighborhood characteristics and present and implications for current health policy in the tropics. of adult latrine usage vs. safe disposal of children’s feces. Work on tropical health issues is centered around a study of Results suggest that increases in improved latrine use among urban malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, linked to the neighboring households with young children (proxying the implementation of a new malaria control program for the city. safe disposal of children’s feces) are associated with significant Complementary to the urban studies are rural investigations in increases in weight-for-height. No effects are observed for western Cote d’Ivoire focused on malaria, schistosomiasis, and increases in improved latrine usage among neighboring a range of geohelminths. A novel aspect of this work is the households with no young children (proxying adult latrine introduction of NMR spectroscopy on urine and serum usage) nor for latrine usage changes within the child’s own samples to carry out diagnosis of a broad spectrum of household. Buttenheim concludes that sanitation parasitic infections on the basis of metabolic profiles.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 31 OPR Research

Publications characterizing the metabolic profiles of infection Spanish. The website is available in English, Spanish, French, with schistosomiasis (S. mansoni and S. japonicum), African and Arabic. Since it was launched on February 14, 1996, the Trypanosomiasis (T. brucei brucei), and malaria (P.berghi) in Hotline has received more than 700,000 calls. The Website animal models have appeared over the past several years. has received more than five million visitors since it was O launched in October 1994; there are currently about 125,000 visitors per month. The Website was completely redesigned Complementary to the biological and epidemiological studies and re-launched in September 2006. in the tropics has been a series of policy analyses focused on O health impact assessment and mitigation strategies for large scale development programs. Analyses of health impact With colleagues from the University of Rochester, Lisa Wynn assessments for the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development (Macquarie University), Kelly Cleland, and James Trussell and Pipeline Project and Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project conducted a study of 200 women in New York State seeking in Laos have been carried out in collaboration with Juerg ECP prescriptions through the internet. Eight in ten Internet Utzinger (Swiss Tropical Institute) and Gary Krieger users have sought health information online, and web-based (Newfields, Inc., Denver). Singer has also carried out an in- medical resources are growing in number. Yet little is known depth policy analysis of the health consequences of the about women who seek ECPs from the Internet. Using a Madeira River Hydropower Project in Brazil in collaboration mixed methods approach, with surveys and qualitative interviews with Marcia Castro (Harvard University). A series of analyses conducted by telephone, this study collected descriptive of the health impact assessment and mitigation requirements data on women seeking ECPs via the Internet, identified currently developing as legislation for the state of Alaska— barriers to ECP access, and assessed attitudes towards advance linked to mining, oil, and gas projects—is planned in provision and nonprescription ECPs. Participants were collaboration with Gary Krieger. predominately white, college-educated, and urban residents. O Most women sought ECPs through the Internet without first seeking prescriptions from local providers, anticipating Regarding the biological substrates of life histories and structural and attitudinal barriers to obtaining ECPs from wellbeing, Singer and Carol Ryff (University of Wisconsin) local providers. While women supported advance prescription have a national survey (MIDUS II) that went into the field in of ECPs, there was less enthusiasm for nonprescription ECPs July 2003 that focuses on characterizing complex pathways to due to concerns that others (but not themselves) would engage health and illness. This study also includes extensive biomarker in risky sexual behavior. Yet even in this group of women assessments that will be utilized in their program aimed at seeking drug prescriptions through unconventional means, refining operationalizations of the concept of allostatic load. many women still stated that they valued the consultation Genetic studies of discordant and concordant twin pairs will with a health professional and would still prefer to speak with be conducted with a focus on personality characteristics such a clinician even if nonprescription ECPs were available. This as neuroticism. This large NIH-funded project will run thru study showed that there is a need to address beliefs that 2008. Singer and Ryff have also recently initiated a companion increased ECP availability promotes risky sexual behavior, as study to MIDUS, based in Japan. This will facilitate current evidence refutes this concern. international comparative analyses of biomarker and genetic O profiles linked to psychosocial phenotypes. O In a paper prepared for an IUSSP workshop on ethics and reproductive health and later published in Studies in Family James Trussell and Kelly Cleland continue their collaborative Planning, Lisa Wynn, James Trussell, Angel Foster (Ibis work with the Association of Reproductive Health Reproductive Health), and Joanna Erdman (University of Professionals (ARHP) on increasing public awareness of and Toronto Law School) comparatively examine the debates over access to emergency contraception. ARHP and the Office of non-prescription access to emergency contraceptive pills in the Population Research sponsor the Emergency Contraception United States and Canada. In April 2005, Health Canada Hotline (1-888-NOT-2-LATE) and the Emergency reclassified the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) Plan B as a Contraception Website (not-2-late.com). The Hotline provides non-prescription drug. Upon reclassification, provincial pharmacy detailed information about emergency contraception, as well regulators restricted the sale of Plan B to behind-the-counter as the phone numbers of five nearby clinicians who will status, thereby requiring pharmacist assessment and counseling provide emergency contraceptives in the United States. The at the point of sale. A coalition of national organizations in Website contains more detailed information and the complete Canada is petitioning to have the status of ECPs moved listing of providers. The Hotline is available in English and in

32 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 off-schedule, i.e. sold without pharmacist intervention. These O groups object to the way that some pharmacists require women In a paper published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, James seeking ECPs to provide information about their sexual history Trussell, Elizabeth Raymond (Family Health International), in order to receive the product. This research project compares and Chelsea Polis (Harvard School of Public Health) arguments employed by proponents of expanded ECP access in systematically reviewed data on effects of increased access to Canada and the United States to challenge the prescription status emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) on unintended pregnancy of the medication. In Canada, the dominant argument asserted rates and use of the pills. They included studies that women’s rights to equitable and effective access to health care compared the effect of different levels of access to emergency services. In the United States, proponents of expanded ECP contraceptive pills on pregnancy rates, use of the pills, and access asserted the drug’s safety and ability to reduce public other outcomes. Of the 717 articles identified, they selected health problems. This research project uses critical discourse 23 for review. The studies included randomized trials, cohort analysis to deconstruct the key texts and position statements in studies, and evaluations of community interventions. The favor of expanded ECP access in both countries and reveal the quality of these studies varied. In all but one study, increased implicit underlying assumptions about sexuality, the role of the access to emergency contraceptive pills was associated with state and medical authorities in the sexual lives of men and greater use. However, no study found an impact on pregnancy women, and the rights and abilities of individual women to or abortion rates. They concluded that increased access to make informed decisions regarding their sexuality and emergency contraceptive pills enhances use but has not been reproductive health. A harm reduction model predominated in shown to reduce unintended pregnancy rates, primarily the health arguments marshaled in support of expanding ECP because ECPs are not used often enough. Specifically, even access. In this view, sex leads to various problems, from the when women received ECPs at no cost in advance for later transmission of sexually transmitted infections to unintended use should the need arise, they did not use ECPs in the vast pregnancy, pregnancy-related morbidity, and abortion. majority of cycles in which pregnancy occurred, primarily Expanding access to ECPs reactively contains some of these because they did not think they were at risk. public health problems. A competing framework arguing in favor of expanded EC access was also evident, particularly in the O Canadian context; this model asserted women’s right to healthy, James Trussell participated in a hormonal contraceptives trial satisfying, non-procreative sex and the right to make informed methodology consensus conference held in September 2005 choices about their contraceptive needs from among all safe and in Philadelphia. The result was a pair of papers published effective options and free from the intervention of the state and in Contraception. The first paper provided a description of medical authorities. This research project reflects on the success methodologies applied in the U.S. Food and Drug of these two lines of argumentation in both influencing and Administration (FDA) medical officer’s review of clinical trial challenging regulatory policy as well as in shaping societal data as contained in the Summary Basis of Approvals of New discourse on reproductive health and sexuality. Drug Applications, results of the review and general conclusions. O The authors concluded that data collection methods and analysis of self-reported episodes of bleeding and spotting in Using data from a prospective population-based cohort in combined hormonal contraceptive trials have been highly France (the Cocon survey, 2001-2004), Caroline Moreau, variable with respect both to definitions and to analytical James Trussell, and Nathalie Bajos (National Institute of methods. No standards exist to regulate data collection Health and Medical Research, France) examined the impact techniques, methods of reporting, or analysis of bleeding and of ECP use on women’s regular contraceptive use patterns in spotting events during clinical trials of combined hormonal the French context of direct pharmacy access to ECPs. Their contraceptives. For the purposes of regulatory review of results show that easy availability of ECPs does not result in hormonal contraceptives, data regarding the incidence of the abandonment of regular contraceptive use. However, they bleeding and spotting events are not included in either of the also found that use of ECPs does not necessarily result as a traditional categories of efficacy and safety. This lack of bridge to use more effective contraception; while 30 percent standardization has led to publication of confusing and of those using a non-highly effective contraceptive or no sometimes misleading information about cycle control method at the time of ECP use did switch to a highly profiles among combined hormonal contraceptives. The effective method, 22 percent of those using a highly effective second paper provided recommendations regarding best method at the time of ECP use switched to a less effective or practices in trial design, data collection, and analysis regarding no method. bleeding data in combined hormone contraception trials. The FDA convened its advisory committee of Reproductive

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 33 OPR Research

Health Drugs in January 2007 to consider issues involved in the effectiveness of counselling on the tolerance of OCs, an clinical trials of combined hormonal contraceptives; Trussell intervention that may prove to be more rewarding than was a member of that committee, which unanimously basing the choice of OCs on their theoretical properties. recommended that the FDA adopt these recommendations. O O Contraceptive discontinuation contributes significantly to the In a paper published in Contraception, James Trussell estimated high rates of unintended pregnancies in the United States. the cost of unintended pregnancy in the United States. Caroline Moreau, Kelly Cleland, and James Trussell examined Despite the many contraceptive options available in the contraceptive discontinuation throughout women’s lives, United States, nearly half (49 percent) of the 6.4 million focusing specifically on discontinuation due to dissatisfaction pregnancies each year are unintended; these represent a with the method. The study population, drawn from the significant cost to the health care system. The total number 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, consisted of 6,724 of unintended pregnancies and their outcomes were obtained women (15-44 years of age) who had ever used a reversible from the literature. Direct medical costs were estimated for contraceptive method. They first estimated the proportion each unintended pregnancy outcome. The direct medical of women who discontinued their contraceptive due to costs of unintended pregnancies were $5 billion in 2002. dissatisfaction and examined the social and demographic Direct medical cost savings due to contraceptive use were characteristics associated with method discontinuation. They $19 billion. Unintended pregnancies are a costly problem in then calculated method-specific discontinuation rates due to the United States. Contraceptive use can reduce direct and dissatisfaction and analyzed the reasons for dissatisfaction indirect costs, so payers may realize cost savings by providing given by women who stopped using Norplant, Depo-Provera, coverage of contraceptive products. oral contraceptives, or condoms. Overall, 46 percent of O women discontinued at least one method because they were unsatisfied with it. The likelihood of contraceptive In a paper published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Caroline discontinuation due to dissatisfaction depended on women’s Moreau, James Trussell, and colleagues in France examined age, number of partners, parity, and whether they reported a oral contraceptive (OC) tolerance. In recent years, healthcare history of unintended pregnancy. Women with the highest providers have increasingly favored the prescription of the level of education and income were also more likely to lowest estrogen dose formulations combined with third- discontinue their contraceptive due to dissatisfaction. generation progestins, based on theoretical improvements in Dissatisfaction-related discontinuation rates varied widely by safety and tolerance. However, no clear evidence supports method: the diaphragm and cervical cap showed the highest these choices. This study examines the frequencies of reported rates of discontinuation (52 percent), followed by long-acting symptoms by OC composition among French women. A hormonal methods, discontinued by 42 percent of users. Oral population-based cohort of 2,863 women studied between contraceptives were associated with a 29 percent dissatisfaction- 2000 and 2004 was used to compare the frequency of reported related discontinuation rate while condoms had the lowest symptoms (weight gain, nausea, breast tenderness, lower rate of discontinuation due to dissatisfaction (12 percent). They frequency of menstrual periods, breakthrough bleeding, conclude that a broader understanding of women’s concerns painful and heavy periods, swollen legs) by type of OCs (classified and experiences using contraception could help healthcare by estrogen dosage, progestin component, and sequence of providers redesign counseling strategies to improve administration). Results show little variation in the frequency contraceptive continuation. of symptoms by type of OCs, with the exception of progestin-only O pills being associated with higher frequencies of breakthrough bleeding and lower frequencies of menstrual Using data from a population-based cohort on contraception periods. They found no decrease in the reporting of symptoms and abortion in France (Cocon survey), Caroline Moreau, with the reduction in estrogen dosage, nor with the use of James Trussell, Germán Rodríguez and Jean Bouyer (National third- compared with second-generation OCs. Likewise, they Institute of Health and Medical Research, France) estimated found little variation by sequence of administration of OCs method-specific contraceptive failure rates among women in (monophasic versus triphasic). In the absence of sufficient France. They computed their estimates using shared frailty evidence-based data to support the existence of differences in hazards models. They found an overall first year failure rate the tolerance profile of low dose combined OCs, future of 2.9 percent. The IUD had the lowest first year failure rate well-designed randomized trials are needed to guide providers (1.1 percent), followed by the pill (2.4 percent), the male in their choice of OCs. However, research should also assess condom (3.3 percent), fertility awareness methods (7.4 percent),

34 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 withdrawal (10.1 percent), and spermicides (19.8 percent). similar. Reliance on fertility-awareness-based methods results The lower contraceptive failure rates among French women in the highest probability of failure (25 percent). There was compared to those reported for U.S. women suggests no clear improvement in contraceptive effectiveness between differences in contraceptive practices that need to be 1995 and 2002. Altogether, 47 percent of all reversible methods further explored. used were discontinued for method-related reasons by the end O of 12 months. However, they found that only 20.9 percent of reversible method use is discontinued in the first year if they In 2002, Kaiser Permanente health plan in California eliminate change of method as a reason for discontinuation. changed its contraceptive benefits to cover 100 percent of the The male condom was the method most likely to be discontinued costs of the most effective forms of contraception (intrauterine (57.1 percent). By comparison, similar levels of method-related contraceptives, injectables, and implants) and for emergency reasons for discontinuation in the first year of use were found contraceptive pills for all members. The benefit change was for withdrawal (54.2 percent) and fertility-awareness-based advocated by physician leaders across the system as an effort methods (53.2 percent). Lower levels of discontinuation for to promote more effective contraceptive use and thereby method-related reasons were found for the pill (32.7 percent) reduce unintended pregnancies. With colleagues from Kaiser and for Depo-Provera (44.0 percent). By the end of the first Permanente, James Trussell conducted a retrospective year, 80.3 percent of periods of non-use following discontinuation observational study to describe the mix of reversible of use of a contraceptive method had ended with resumption contraceptives procured before and after the benefit change. of use of some type of contraceptive. A very high proportion They then estimated couple-years of protection to examine of resumption occurs in the first month that a woman is whether the contraceptive mix changed to more effective exposed to risk of unintended pregnancy after discontinuation. reversible methods. After the benefit change, couple-years of Overall, 71.5 percent of non-use intervals had already ended protection increased 28 percent (from 2001-02 to 2003-04) in resumption of use in less than one month. while the caseload of females aged 15-44 fell by one percent. O Couple-years of protection for intrauterine contraceptives and injectables rose 137 percent and 32 percent, respectively, The UK Medical Eligibility Criteria (UK MEC) were adapted while couple-years of protection for the pill, patch, and ring from the WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria to reflect evidenced- rose only 16 percent. The estimated average annual based practice in the United Kingdom. One significant contraceptive failure rate among women using hormonal change concerns combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptives declined from use and body mass index (BMI). In the UK MEC, use of 7.0 percent to 6.4 percent. Use of the levonorgestrel CHC by women with a BMI of 35-39 has been rated UK emergency contraceptive pill rose 88 percent. The investigators MEC 3, and for women with a BMI ≥40, use of CHC has concluded that removal of the cost of contraception may been rated UK MEC 4. This change was prompted by result in increased utilization of more effective methods and concerns about the effect of CHC use on the risk of venous emergency contraceptive pills. thromboembolism (VTE). James Trussell, Kate Guthrie O (Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Partnership, Hull and East Yorkshire), and Bimla Schwarz (University of Pittsburgh) James Trussell and colleagues from the Guttmacher Institute reviewed the evidence for that change and examined the provided updated estimates of contraceptive discontinuation, consistency of this recommendation with recommendations contraceptive failure, and resumption of contraceptive use for with respect to age and smoking. They examined five large the most commonly used reversible methods in the United recent studies of the effect of combined oral contraceptives States. Estimates were obtained using the 2002 National (COCs) and BMI on VTE. They found that all evidence Survey of Family Growth and the 2001 Abortion Patient was expressed as relative risks. When they instead estimate Survey to correct for underreporting of abortion in the absolute or attributable risks, they conclude that the UK NSFG. Altogether, 12.4 percent of all episodes of contraceptive MEC recommendations with respect to CHU use and obesity use ended with a failure within 12 months after initiation of are inconsistent with those for age and smoking, that use of use. Injectable and oral contraceptives remain the most effective CHCs among women with a BMI of 35-39 is generally safe reversible methods used by women in the United States, with and should be changed from a UK MEC 3 to a UK MEC 2, probabilities of failure during the first 12 months of use of 7 and that there are no data on the safety of use of CHCs percent and 9 percent, respectively. The probabilities of failure among women with a BMI ≥40. for withdrawal (18 percent) and the condom (17 percent) are

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 35 OPR Research

O O James Trussell was responsible for the chapters on choosing a Based on an update for 57 developing countries, Charles contraceptive (effectiveness, safety, and personal considerations), Westoff has shown that unmet need for family planning has emergency contraception, postpartum contraception and declined recently in most of these countries except in lactation, and contraceptive efficacy for the nineteenth edition sub-Saharan Africa, where little change is evident in 15 of 23 of Contraceptive Technology, published in late 2007. The Food countries with available trend data. In the least developed of and Drug Administration has mandated that his summary these latter countries, there are significant proportions of table of pregnancy rates during typical use and during perfect married women who have never used a method and who use of available contraceptive options (Table 27-1) be report that they do not intend to use any. included in the labeling for all contraceptives marketed in O the United States. With Tomas Frejka, Westoff also found that one reason for O the higher fertility rate in the U.S. compared with Europe is Charles Westoff, with funding from the Hewlett Foundation, the greater religiousness of Americans. In an analysis involving completed an analysis of trends in sexual activity in sub- 34 European countries and the U.S., European women are Saharan Africa, pursuing the interesting finding that sexual observed to be less religious by any measure than American activity seems to be declining in ten countries in southern women. In both parts of the world, more religious women and eastern Africa but not in West Africa. The report have higher fertility. The research tries to estimate how much appeared in the Journal of Biososical Science. The likelihood is European fertility would rise if they were as religious as that the difference is associated with the higher rates of American women. A small increase would be expected for HIV/AIDS in southern and eastern Africa. Westoff had Europe as a whole with a much higher increase for Western explored changes in sexual activity in Africa based on a Europeans. They also determined that Muslim women in comparison of data for 1998 and 2003 in Kenya. The overall Europe have higher fertility than non-Muslim women, but analysis was prompted by the appearance of a stall in the rates are converging over time. The greater religiousness contraceptive prevalence over the five-year period. However, and differences in the status of women also play a role. when contraceptive prevalence was measured for sexually O active women (rather than for all women), there was no evidence of any stall—the proportion using contraception Westoff’s current main research efforts have been directed increased significantly, as had been expected. It turns out that toward developing a method of estimating abortion rates for there has been a decline in recent sexual activity. Detailed different countries. The method is based on the very high analyses indicate that recent sex (in the preceding four weeks) correlation with the use of modern methods of contraception had declined by eight percent for all women—a decline that in the more developed countries, and it includes the total was evident at all ages and marital statuses. Other evidence fertility rate as well in the less developed countries. showed an increase in the median age at first sexual intercourse O in Kenya from 16.7 in 1998 to 17.8 by 2003. Kenya is one of the sub-Saharan African countries with a significant Angus Deaton has conducted research that documents how prevalence of HIV-AIDS, estimated from blood test data in heights have changed over time in numerous countries, and the survey to be 9.7 percent in 2003 for women 15-49. explores the associations between average adult heights of These apparent changes in Kenya prompted Westoff to look birth cohorts on the one hand and, on the other, income and at other African countries with high levels of HIVAIDS that disease in the year of birth. Deaton and Carlos Bozzoli and had conducted two or more recent surveys. These countries Climent Quintana-Domeque (Princeton University) use included Eritrea 1995-2002, Namibia 1992-2000, Rwanda self-reported height data from the European Community 1992-2000, Tanzania 1999-2004, Uganda 1995-2001, and Household Panel (ECHP), which provides nationally Zambia 1996-2001. Recent sexual activity was seen to decline representative surveys for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, in all six of these countries (ranging from 6-21 percent) as well as Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden, in Kenya. This was only a quick superficial observation, but it was together with self-reported heights from the National Health sufficiently suggestive and potentially important in public health Interview Survey (NHIS) in the United States, and measured terms to persuade Westoff to develop a grant proposal to examine heights from the Health Survey of England (HSE). For all these trends in much greater detail. these countries, heights increased between those born in 1950 and those born in 1980. But all show a pattern of first increasing and then holding constant. This process was

36 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 completed very early in the “most advanced” countries of The United States ranks 81st out of 115 countries in the Scandinavia, where there has been little or no increase in fraction of people who have confidence in their healthcare average heights since 1950, whereas in Portugal, Greece, system and has a lower score than countries such as India, Spain, and Italy, height increased throughout the period, with Iran, Malawi, or Sierra Leone. While the strong relationship little sign of recent slowing. between life-satisfaction and income gives some credence to O the measures, the lack of such correlations for health shows that happiness (or self-reported health) measures cannot be In other research, Deaton examines the relationship between regarded as useful summary indicators of human welfare in infant mortality and height. Deaton shows that patterns of international comparisons. income, height, and infant mortality across the world are very O different from those in the rich countries, perhaps because of the greater importance of genetics at the population level, or Joanna Kempner is completing a book manuscript on perhaps because of nutritional factors that are not well headaches called Not Tonight: Headache and the Politics of understood, such as “niche” diets that support good health Legitimacy. Headache is infused with cultural meanings, mostly in spite of poverty. Deaton has also conducted research on dismissive. “Not tonight, honey” is, of course, the classic sexual dimorphism—differences in the heights of adult men cliché about headache, signaling women's desire to avoid sex and women—in India, a country with a long history of with their partners. Yet headaches, especially migraine, are a discrimination against women. Since men and women face significant problem for millions of people. According to the the same epidemiological environment, differences in their World Health Organization, migraine is the 19th most heights should convey differences in nutrition and/or health disabling disorder in the world and the 12th most significant care in childhood. cause of disability for women. Examining headache O historically, medically, and culturally, Not Tonight looks at how a disorder disrupts so many lives yet still has trouble Angus Deaton also used evidence from a Gallup world poll to establishing legitimacy. Kempner traces the current crisis in investigate income, aging, health, and wellbeing around the legitimacy to deep-seated cultural beliefs about pain, gender, world. During 2006, the Gallup Organization collected and the distinction between mind and body. Not Tonight World Poll data using an identical questionnaire from national shows how stakeholders in medicine—providers, patients, the samples of adults from 132 countries. Deaton presents an pharmaceutical industry, and patient advocacy groups—create analysis of the data on life-satisfaction (happiness) and health alliances to shape how people think about headache. Even their satisfaction and their relationships with national income, age, most robust efforts have spawned uneven results, reinforcing and life-expectancy. Average happiness is strongly related to some of the very stereotypes they attempt to overturn. This per capita national income, with each doubling of income analysis casts new light on how cultural beliefs about gender and associated with a near one point increase in life satisfaction on pain influence not only whose suffering we legitimate, but a scale from 0 to 10. Unlike previous findings, the effect which remedies are marketed, how medicine is practiced, and holds across the range of international incomes; if anything, it what knowledge about headache is and is not produced. is slightly stronger among rich countries. Conditional on O national income, recent economic growth makes people unhappier, improvements in life-expectancy make them Kempner also has an ongoing project, investigating the happier, but life-expectancy itself has little effect. Age has an formation and maintenance of “forbidden knowledge,” that internationally inconsistent relationship with happiness. looks at the suppression of science. This is an understudied National income moderates the effects of aging on self-reported but increasingly important area of study, as global debates health, and the decline in health satisfaction and rise in address whether and how to place limits on potentially disability with age are much stronger in poor countries than dangerous knowledge from fetal tissue research to genetically in rich countries. In line with earlier findings, people in much modified organisms. While these big debates present a visible of Eastern Europe and in the countries of the former Soviet and readily analyzed system of constraints that guide what Union are particularly unhappy and particularly dissatisfied scientists choose not to do, Kempner’s research shows that with their health, and older people in those countries are most constraints on science are less visible—scientists choose much less satisfied with their lives and their health than are what not to study based on ideological and/or disciplinary younger people. HIV prevalence in Africa has little effect on predilections, real or perceived threats from outside corporate Africans’ life or health satisfaction; the fraction of Kenyans interest and political groups, and a perceived moral sense that who are satisfied with their personal health is the same as the scientists have an obligation to report the truth. fraction of Britons and higher than the fraction of Americans.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 37 OPR Research

O She considers the limitations and potentials of theorizing As Joanna Kempner is discovering in another project, “The heterosex variously as agential, transgressive, and/or Politics of Sex Research,” political culture and public constrained for public health research. controversies are a strong force shaping the kinds of health O studies that researchers are willing to conduct. Her data, Higgins and Hirsch continued their research on pleasure and collected from sexuality and HIV researchers, demonstrates power, incorporating sexuality, agency, and inequality into how HIV researchers have self-censored in response to a research on contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy. We political climate perceived to be hostile to their research. Self- know surprisingly little about how contraception affects sexual censorship is widespread, and many have reportedly left the enjoyment and functioning (and vice versa), particularly for field or academia altogether. As data analysis proceeds, women. What do people seek from sex, and how do these Kempner is building a theoretical framework to explain how sexual experiences shape contraceptive use? Higgins and researchers’ tenuous, but important, relationships with the Hirsch draw on qualitative data to make three points. First, federal government shape what is and is not studied. pleasure varies—both women and men reported multiple O forms of enjoyment, of which physical pleasure was only one. Anne Case is collaborating with researchers at the University Second, pleasure matters, in that clear links existed between of Cape Town on many health, education, and development the forms of pleasure respondents sought and their contraceptive research projects. She is also conducting research on the costs practices. Third, pleasure intersects with power and social associated with illness and death at the Africa Centre for inequality, so that both gender and social class shaped sexual Health and Population Studies, a demographic surveillance preferences and contraceptive use patterns. These findings call site in KwaZulu-Natal. With Christina Paxson, she continues for a reframing of behavioral models explaining why people to investigate the impact of poor childhood health and use (or don’t use) contraception. Their article in the American circumstance on opportunities and outcomes for individuals Journal of Public Health concludes with implications for over the life course in both developed and developing countries. research and programming. O O In a noteworthy 1993 Studies in Family Planning manuscript, Jenny Higgins, Jennifer Hirsch (Columbia University), and Ruth Dixon-Mueller highlighted the absence of attention to James Trussell, in their work on pleasure, prophylaxis, and women’s sexuality in reproductive health research and procreation, produced a qualitative analysis of intermittent programming. Many years later, despite the increased contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy. Although availability of research on sexuality in general due to the pregnancy ambivalence is consistently associated with poorer HIV/AIDS epidemic, we still know comparatively little about contraceptive use, little is known about the sexual, social, and how women’s desire for pleasure affects their reproductive emotional dynamics at work in pregnancy ambivalence. The health behaviors. We increasingly recognize how women’s study analyzes qualitative data from in-depth sexual and sexual autonomy is limited by gender inequality, yet our reproductive history interviews with 36 women and men. understandings of how women’s pleasure-seeking, like men’s, Participants were asked about the relational and emotional may influence their sexual risk behaviors remain extremely circumstances surrounding each pregnancy, as well as their limited. Jenny Higgins and Jennifer Hirsch (Columbia thoughts about conceiving a baby with both current and University) review some of the field’s “pleasure deficits,” previous partners. Half of respondents had experienced at including condom and contraceptive research and programming. least one unintended pregnancy. Respondents described three They also review the few studies and programs that do associate categories of pleasure related to pregnancy ambivalence: active risk reduction practices with women’s sexual functioning and eroticization of risk, in which pregnancy fantasies heightened desires. In the conclusion to their article in International the charge of the sexual encounter; passive romanticization of Family Planning Perspectives on the pleasure deficit, revisiting pregnancy, in which people neither actively sought nor the “sexuality connection” in reproductive health, they provide prevented conception; and an escapist pleasure in imagining suggestions on how to better attend to individual, cultural, that a pregnancy would sweep one away from hardship. All and structural influences on sexuality and pleasure seeking in three categories were associated with misuse or nonuse of future research. In another article, published in Atlantis, coitus-dependent methods. For some individuals, the Higgins outlines the pleasure deficit in public health research perceived emotional and sexual benefits of conception may on family planning and applies feminist theorizations of outweigh the goal of averting conception, even when a child heterosex to a study contraceptive use and sexual pleasure. is not wholly intended. Future behavioral studies should

38 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 collect more nuanced data on pregnancy-related pleasures. O We need to devise clearer clinical guidelines for assessing Alan Krueger has expanded his work with Daniel Kahneman ambivalence and for linking ambivalent clients with (Princeton University) and others on measuring wellbeing and longer-acting methods that are not coitus-dependent. time use. They have recently completed a major survey that O extends the American Time Use Survey. The new survey is called the Princeton Affect and Time Survey, and it is based on a Jenny Higgins and Irene Browne (Emory University) examined population sample of 6,000 households. They expect that major perceptions of sexual needs and sexual control, and how results will flow from this work in the upcoming year, and it “doing” class and gender influences sexual risk-taking. The will form the basis for an NBER conference and volume that poor are disproportionately affected by unintended pregnancy Krueger is organizing on National Time Accounting. He is and STIs. However, we know relatively little about the sexual hoping that National Time Accounting will eventually prove as processes behind these disparities. Despite studies of gender useful as the National Income and Product Accounts. enactment’s influence on sexual behaviors, few analyses examine the sexual “doing” of social class. Higgins and Browne conducted sexual history interviews with 36 women and men, Migration and Urbanization half middle class and half poor and working class. Most Steven Alvarado, Rafaela Dancygier, Jorge Durand, Patricia respondents reported that men have greater sexual appetites Fernandez-Kelly, Noreen Goldman, Monica Higgins, Sara than women, but the middle class were more likely to cite McLanahan, Douglas Massey, Alejandro Portes, Karen Pren, social influences, while the poor and working class respondents Magaly Sanchez, Marta Tienda, and Burton Singer. primarily ascribed biological origins. The social construction O of sexual controllability among the middle class contributed to perceptions that sex was a containable force. Poor and Rafaela Dancygier is compiling a dataset on ethnic minority working class women described men’s sexual needs as political representation at the city-level across European countries. physiologically irrepressible, which shaped sexual refusal. The goal is to examine the causes of variation in such Their findings move beyond SES as a risk factor and explore representation across and within countries (e.g., differences in two examples of how gender and social class mediate people’s immigration and integration regimes, electoral systems, and sexual selves and health. behavioral differences across immigrant groups), as well as its consequences for immigrant integration. At a more macro-level, O Dancygier plans to investigate the determinants of immigration Jeanne Altmann’s research deals with life history approaches policies on the one hand and immigrant integration policies to behavioral ecology and with non-experimental research (i.e., legalization and naturalization) on the other, across OECD design. Most of her empirical work has been carried out on countries. Here, she will focus on partisan differences within the baboons of Amboseli National Park, Kenya, for which countries and institutional differences across countries (e.g., longitudinal studies have been conducted since 1971. She and corporatism and electoral rules) as determinants of both types of her collaborators emphasize an integrated, holistic approach policies. In a third project, she aims to examine how membership by carrying out concurrent studies of behavior, ecology, of and accession to the European Union shapes the enactment demography, genetics, and physiology at the level of individuals, and enforcement of anti-discrimination legislation. social groups, and populations. Their current research centers on O the magnitude and sources of variability in primate life histories, parental care, and behavioral ontogeny. For baboons, they are Noreen Goldman has been examining whether relatively low analyzing sources of variability within groups and examining mortality for Mexican immigrants to the U.S. (the “Hispanic patterns in their stability among groups and populations and paradox”) and modest or nonexistent education differentials across time. In one series of studies, they are interested in the in health among Mexican Americans result from migration extent to which various life-history and developmental patterns. Analysis of survey data from Mexico reveals that, parameters are food-limited. In others, they are examining contrary to the “healthy migrant hypothesis,” there is little empirically and theoretically the effects of social structure within evidence that Mexicans who migrate to the U.S. are substantially groups on demographic processes within and among groups and healthier than those who remain in Mexico. In addition, across generations. Recently, Altmann and her collaborators although higher socioeconomic status is associated with better have been conducting studies that relate endocrine and genetic health for most populations, the magnitude and direction of data to demographic and behavioral information for the same the association between education and two health-related individuals in the Amboseli baboon population. measures (smoking and obesity) in Mexico vary by gender

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 39 OPR Research

and place of residence and appear to be related to the stage of The results of this project will have significant bearing on economic development. These patterns are likely to be one policies aimed at identifying and addressing the health needs factor contributing to the relatively modest social disparities of vulnerable populations, with special emphasis on the in health that we identified among Mexican immigrants. interactions between institutions and individuals and families O O Patricia Fernández-Kelly conducts research on neo-liberal Burt Singer carries out and analyzes health impact assessments economic policies, the informal economy in Latin America, for large-scale economic development projects—e.g. and children of immigrants in the United States. NAFTA and hydroelectric, mining, and petroleum and gas pipelines—a Beyond: Alternative Perspectives on the Study of Global Trade common denominator of which is forced migration of entire and Development (2007), edited with Jon Shefner communities. His primary collaborators are Juerg Utzinger (University of Tennessee), is a state-of-the-art compilation (Swiss Tropical Institute), Gary Krieger (Newfields, Inc. of about the effects of neo-liberalism. Her book Out of the Denver, CO), and Marcia Castro (Harvard School of Public Shadows: Political Action and Informal Economy, also edited Health). The studies assess the longer term health consequences with Jon Shefner (2006), is the first attempt to examine the of involuntary resettlement, and the researchers engage relationship between political mobilization and unregulated directly with NGOs and Development Banks about new economic activity in various Latin American countries. One policies that can serve to change the currently tolerated of Fernández-Kelly’s recent projects focuses on the diverging involuntary resettlement activity and bring health issues into trajectories of immigrant youngsters of various national focus as part of the initial planning process for new projects backgrounds in the U.S. She is also interested in the role of in the future. Policy analysis is a central theme of this line expressive entrepreneurship as a mechanism that allows young of inquiry. people, regardless of class background, to circumvent formal O labor markets. Under the sponsorship of the Mellon Foundation, Fernández-Kelly investigated the factors that Marta Tienda and Sara McLanahan are leading a multi- enable low-income immigrant children to excel in education disciplinary research initiative to document the contours of and employment despite overwhelming statistical odds. She child and youth migration from a global perspective in order conducted nearly 60 in-depth interviews in Miami and San to understand whether and under what circumstances young Diego. This is the first attempt to understand exceptions to people are better or worse off for having moved. This normative patterns among immigrant youngsters by focusing on undertaking requires collaboration between experts in family and school dynamics. As a sequel to the study, she migration and development, mainly economists and organized a conference in 2007 that brought together a group of demographers, and those in child and adolescent development, top specialists, with three youngsters previously interviewed as mainly psychologists and family demographers. Reframing part of the study to serve as discussants. The papers presented at migration from a child-centric perspective promises new that conference are included in a volume soon to be published, insights about the long-term significance of population Exceptional Outcomes: Achievement in Education and Employment movements for social and economic inequality. among Immigrant Children (ANNALS), edited with Alejandro O Portes (Princeton University). Tienda, Douglas Massey, and three co-investigators from O economics (Gordon Hanson, University of California-San Under the auspices of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Diego), political science (Michael Jones-Correa, Cornell Patricia Fernández-Kelly is currently participating in a study University), and public health (Katherine Fennelly, University of the institutional dimensions of health-care provision to of Minnesota), are developing a multi-site, multi-method immigrants. How do health-care providers organize to meet study of immigrant integration in nontraditional destinations. the needs of populations most of whose members are poor, This study will investigate whether and how the changing uninsured, and with limited English proficiency? The project demography of immigrant settlement alters inter-group describes and explains differences in the way hospitals, clinics, relations (specifically competition for shared resources), and medical personnel approach the demands of immigrant spatial dynamics (specifically, residential segregation and populations, many of whose members confront singular housing competition), and labor market competition. The obstacles. The focus of the study is on institutions as socially sheer number of people and places involved in this emergent constructed entities and on their performance as contingent trend raises myriad questions about whether and how the on varying social contexts. Research is being conducted in process of immigrant integration differs from that Miami, Florida, and the Greater Trenton Area in New Jersey. experienced by residentially concentrated immigrants.

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O edited by Massey, Durand, and Donato. A proposal for a five- The Mexican Migration Project (MMP) is a multi-disciplinary year renewal of funding for the LAMP was submitted to the research effort headed by Douglas Massey in collaboration National Science Foundation in the summer of 2008. with Jorge Durand of the University of Guadalajara and Information on the project is available from the LAMP Project Manager Karen Pren of Princeton. The MMP is based website at: http://lamp.opr.princeton.edu/. on ongoing surveys of Mexican migrants to the United States. O Its database contains data gathered annually since 1987 in In the Immigrant Identities Project, Douglas Massey and communities throughout Mexico and the United States. The research associate Magaly Sanchez are studying transnational MMP has been supported for the past 20 years by a grant identity and behavior through an ethnographic comparison of from NICHD. While the renewal application is under review, first- and second-generation Latino immigrants interviewed the project is supported by grants from the Russell Sage in New York, Philadelphia, and New Jersey. The principal of Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation. The goal of the this study is to understand the extent and nature of project is to gather and disseminate data about Mexican transnational identity and the factors that condition it. In migration to the United States and to conduct research their interviews, they asked about basic traits such as age, documenting ongoing patterns and processes of international gender, residential location, and national origins, but also movement. Each year four to six communities in Mexico are asked open-ended questions on topics such as migration, surveyed, and these surveys are followed by surveys conducted social networks, documentation, language use, interpersonal of out-migrants from the same communities who have settled relations with friends and relatives abroad, values and in the United States. The data are cleaned and processed and aspirations, and perceptions of inequality and discrimination. added to the MMP database, which is distributed to users They also gathered basic life histories for each respondent. over the internet. Recent books published from this project The sample was compiled using chain referral methods and include Beyond Smoke and Mirrors, Clandestinos, and was recruited to represent four broad categories of Crossing the Border. During the 2008-2009 academic year, immigrants: Mexicans, Central Americans, Caribbeans, Massey and Durand plan to do research toward a book that and South Americans. A supplementary sub-sample of analyzes changes in migration and development in the respondents were given disposal cameras and asked to take project’s original four communities in the 25 years between pictures of people, things, and objects that seemed, to them, 1982 and 2007, when they were re-surveyed. Information to be “American” and “Latino.” In an article published in about the MMP is available from the project website at: Qualitative Sociology, Sanchez and Massey found a sharp http://mmp.opr.princeton.edu/. contrast between the perceptions of Latin and American O identity, a theme they are further elaborating in a forthcoming The Latin American Migration Project (LAMP) is a book to be published by Russell Sage. collaborative research project also based at Princeton O University and the University of Guadalajara. The LAMP was Massey continues to serve as co-investigator on the born as an extension of the Mexican Migration Project New Immigrant Survey (NIS), along with Guillermina Jasso (MMP) to study migration flows originating in other Latin (New York University), James Smith (University of American countries. The LAMP and the MMP share the Pennsylvania), and Mark Rosenzweig (Yale University). same methodology, which combines qualitative and quantitative The New Immigrant Survey, supported by a grant from data-gathering methods in an approach known as the ethno- NICHD, is a representative panel survey of new legal survey. The LAMP began in 1998 with surveys conducted in immigrants to the United States based on probability samples Puerto Rico, which were followed by surveys conducted in of administrative records from the U.S. Bureau of Citizenship the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Haiti, Peru, and Immigration Services. In 1996, the NIS investigators Paraguay, and Guatemala, and Massey has presented and designed and fielded a pilot survey to test sampling published articles widely and internationally based on LAMP procedures, questionnaire design, and tracking procedures data. During the spring of 2008, Douglas Massey and Jorge to inform the implementation of the full NIS. The first full Durand joined with colleague Katharine Donato at cohort was sampled during May through November of 2003, Vanderbilt University to put together a conference of yielding data on roughly 8,600 new immigrants with a researchers doing comparative work across multiple countries response rate of 60 percent. Data from the baseline survey represented in the MMP and LAMP.The papers are being are now available, along with information from the pilot collected and edited for inclusion in a special issue of the survey, at the NIS website at http://nis.opr.princeton.edu/. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 41 OPR Research

The survey is now in the field with its second wave, Social Inequality attempting to interview immigrants four year after their Audrey Beck, Chang Chung, Gniesha Dinwiddie, Thomas original achievement of permanent resident status. To date, Espenshade, Angel Harris, Alan Krueger, Douglas Massey, around a third of the original 2003 cohort of immigrants and Kimberly Torres. have been successfully re-interviewed. Massey is currently at O work with Jasso and Project Manager Monica Espinoza Higgins on a book examining the role of religion in the Thomas J. Espenshade’s research focuses on diversity in higher process of immigrant adaptation and assimilation. education. He is directing the National Study of College O Experience, funded by the Mellon Foundation. It is a multi- institution collaborative study whose purpose is to better Steven Alvarado, a Visiting Research Student Collaborator, understand how pre-college courses, activities, social networks, worked with in collaboration with Douglas Massey on a and people’s race and social class backgrounds affect their project that will make use of the data from the Latin experiences in applying to and attending academically selective American Migration Project, currently directed by Massey. colleges and universities in the United States. Results from The project studies the effect of disorder and violence in the NSCE will give a 20-year perspective on the paths that Central America as a cause of international migration to the different students follow through selective colleges and United States. Prior work has established that the U.S.- universities, with a particular focus on the race and social sponsored Contra intervention during the 1980s was a class dimensions of elite college admission and campus life. principal cause of Nicaraguan migration to the United States. There are approximately 250,000 student records in the The goal of this research project is to broaden the analysis to NSCE institutional data base, supplied by ten participating other countries in Central America and incorporate other colleges and universities on all their applicants for admission indicators of violence and social disorder. Violence has to the fall semester of 1983, 1993, and 1997. More than frequently been cited as an outcome of neo-liberal structural 9,000 students responded to the student survey. An adjustment policies as well as U.S. deportation policies, and innovative feature of the NSCE is that it gathers data on all the research will measure the contribution made by rising applicants for admission, not just all enrolled students. This violence to the volume of out-migration to the United States. makes it possible to examine how students prepare for O admission to top schools, how these strategies differ by race and class, and which ones are ultimately effective and which The “institutional turn” in development economics and the ones are not. Espenshade has begun new work using the sociology of development identifies the quality of a country’s NSCE data. In one project, Espenshade and statistical institution as a key factor in predicting its chances for social programmer Chang Chung are investigating the strength of and economic development. Yet the definition of “institution” race-based affirmative action when it is assumed that remains vague, and empirical studies of the bearing of admission deans at selective colleges and universities are contemporary institutions in Third World nations on their evaluating applicants in the context of other candidates from chances for progressive change are scarce. With support from the same race-ethnic groups instead of all students in the grants from the Princeton Institute for International and applicant pool. In related work, Espenshade and Chung are Regional Studies (PIIRS) and the National Science studying the implications of decisions at an increasing Foundation, Alejandro Portes is conducting a comparative number of selective colleges not to require scores on the study of five real institutions in five Latin American SAT and ACT tests. Microsimulation analysis will permit an countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the Dominican examination of the impacts on racial and economic diversity, Republic, and Mexico. A planned conference in Santo as well on measures of academic performance among Domingo in September 2008 will bring together investigators admitted students, when scores on standardized tests are from the five countries to present and discuss their most ignored and more weight in admission decisions is given to recent findings. Early results of the study have been high school grades, strength of the high school curriculum, published, “Institutions and Development in Latin America: and extracurricular activities. Several papers on the college A Comparative Analysis,” in the summer 2008 issue of admission process have been published from this project. A Studies in Comparative International Development. book based on this project, titled No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life, is forthcoming.

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O Grace are extending work on how the racial composition of To understand better the opportunities and challenges posed one’s freshman year roommates influences behaviors, attitudes, by greater racial diversity on America’s college campuses, and perceptions in subsequent college years. A particular focus Thomas Espenshade is working with other faculty at is on the racial composition of best-friend networks, Princeton University to direct the Campus Life in America conditional on outcomes of random roommate assignments. Student Survey (CLASS) project. The CLASS project is an O educational research and policy study focused on two areas: Audrey Beck and Clara Muschkin (Duke University) examined how campus life and learning are affected by diversity; and the enduring impact of race on our understanding of disparities how institutional policies and programs can best be organized in student behavior and achievement. The continuing relevance to maximize the benefits of diversity. This study examines of race as a predictor of educational success runs counter to students’ engagement in and satisfaction with diversity fundamental principles of school reform. Do persistent race experiences at six colleges and universities. One set of questions gaps stem from differences in advantage that students bring to involves students. What impacts are these transformations school, or from differences in the educational opportunities having on students? How are things going from the students’ afforded to students? The study attempts to precisely perspective? Does a diverse educational environment help to determine the relative contributions of student attributes and shape students’ behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions? Are of their educational experiences to inequity of outcomes. In students engaged in these transformations or relatively order to disentangle the component elements of race gaps, distanced from them? How involved are students with Beck and Muschkin first estimate race-specific models of members of other racial and ethnic groups? How satisfied are student performance in reading and math, as well as models they with their diversity experiences? The University of predicting disciplinary infractions in school. Decomposition Michigan has so far successfully argued that there is a methods are then applied to model estimates in order to compelling need for diversity in higher education. Can we quantify the proportion of the race gap that is linked to the quantify the educational benefits of diversity? Do students student, peer, and school composition of race groups, as well learn more about themselves and the world around them as the proportion that reflects their unequal risk of poor when working and studying in a racially diverse environment? outcomes. They find that the largest proportion of race Do they develop more tolerant attitudes if they are in contact differences in outcomes is explained by students’ family and with students whose racial and ethnic backgrounds are demographic characteristics, followed by the organizational different from their own? Wave I of the CLASS project characteristics of the schools they attend. The distribution of collected survey data from 12,000 freshmen and juniors at students across schools with differing racial composition the six participating institutions as well as programmatic and explains a significant portion of the achievement and behavior policy data directly from the institutions themselves. Student gaps, as do race differences in characteristics such as school data have addressed engagement in and satisfaction with size, teacher qualifications, and poverty status of the school. campus diversity, extent of social interaction, and academic In their models, a substantial portion of each race gap underperformance. These data will be linked with institutional remains unexplained by differences in the composition of the practices to understand what campus administrators can do to black and white student populations. This component of maximize the educational benefits of diversity. In Wave II, the race differences reflects both the impact of unmeasured investigators sought to re-interview all students who responded covariates and differences in patterns of risk, and can be to the Wave I survey and who were freshmen in September interpreted as the “enduring impact of race.” 2004. The re-interview response rate was over 50 percent. O O Racial inequities in health are part of the history of the United Espenshade and sociology graduate student Jayanti Owens are States. Some of the largest racial differentials in health are beginning new work using CLASS project data to examine observed between blacks and whites, with black infant mortality the determinants of academic underperformance. They are rates being approximately twice as great as those of whites and modeling academic aspirations at the beginning of the life expectancy at birth being roughly six years lower for blacks freshman year in college; academic performance during the than for whites. Research has consistently speculated that much first two years of college, including how performance is of the black-white difference in health is attributable to related to initial aspirations; and how performance may modify socioeconomic differences between races, and not to other academic aspirations that are expressed at the beginning of factors like discrimination. It is often assumed that race-based the junior year in college. Also, using the CLASS project health inequalities will shrink as socioeconomic disparities data, Espenshade and former Princeton student Stephanie

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 43 OPR Research

between races shrink, with socioeconomic disparities declining One of his current research questions is “why does academic as a result of the Civil Rights Movement. Scott Lynch is inequality across racial/ethnic groups persist?” Education is currently investigating whether race-based health inequalities becoming increasingly important for upward social mobility have decreased over the last 30 years; whether socioeconomic in the U.S. and abroad and has been linked to societal status-based health inequalities have decreased over the same inequalities in health, income, and other life-chance measures. period; and whether an increasing or decreasing proportion Thus, education plays a central role in social and economic of the race-gap in health inequality is explained by remaining wellbeing, particularly for women and minority groups. socioeconomic inequalities between blacks and whites. Results Given that the minority population within the U.S. has been indicate that race-based health inequalities have, in fact, steadily increasing and is projected to comprise 40 to 50 decreased over the last 30 years, while socioeconomic status-based percent of the U.S. population in 2050, understanding racial health inequalities—by some measures—have increased. At the differences in achievement is important for scholars, same time, an increasing, and not decreasing, proportion of the educators, and policymakers. remaining black-white gap in health is attributable to non- O economic factors. Harris looks at how perceptions about the opportunity O structure and the system of social mobility influence the Gniesha Dinwiddie continues to study the underlying social extent to which people invest in schooling. His research causes of health disparities. By examining how stratification focuses on the social psychological determinants of the racial shapes lived experiences that condition stress exposure achievement gap and identifying factors that contribute to differently for racial/ethnic groups in the U.S., her research African Americans' lower academic achievement and Asian emphasizes how various measures of social status and social Americans' higher academic achievement relative to whites. inequality are important mechanisms for understanding race, He has published a series of articles on the oppositional gender, and socioeconomic differences for mental and culture theory (Ogbu 1978), which posits that knowledge or physical health outcomes. Since there is overwhelming belief that the system of social mobility in the U.S. has been evidence that racial/ethnic groups have higher odds of living rooted in educational and occupational discrimination based with adverse health conditions compared to whites, the on race leads many disadvantaged minorities to mentally objective of Dinwiddie’s research is to investigate the relationship withdraw from the schooling process. Therefore, his work has between socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, and implications for understanding social inequality in general. access to health care services to determine their individual and After conducting an extensive set of analyses using numerous concomitant contribution to disparities in physical and datasets, Harris proposed that the lack of empirical support mental health. Her findings reinforced how the association for the theory stemmed from a major flaw within the between stress and depression can change over age and how framework; researchers had not ruled out the possibility that these changes can vary by age cohorts, marital status, students’ behaviors and attitudes are endogenous to their socioeconomic status, health risk behaviors, and physical prior skill levels. He showed that the estimated effects of health conditions. Further, her findings indicate that stress oppositional schooling behaviors and attitudes were and depression grow at different rates for individuals that overestimated due to the omission of students’ skill level prior occupy multiple status groups, particularly at middle age, and to the theory’s applicability (about grade 7-8 when youths that the relationship between co-morbid conditions such as begin to learn/understand the opportunity structure), and diabetes and depression are more severe for blacks compared that the effect of oppositional behaviors and attitudes on to whites. Dinwiddie’s results support the hypothesis that school achievement reflected students’ cognitive skills prior to mental health vulnerability has different onsets depending on high school. Harris has also examined whether Asian age for status groups, and that policymakers should direct American students experience greater academic success more effort into sustaining resources that help individuals because they are exposed to more achievement-oriented cope with mental health problems during middle age in culture from their parents and peers than whites. After addition to providing better access to mental health care employing a more comprehensive set of cultural measures services in communities of color. than found in previous research, his findings suggest a O re-examination of the cultural perspective as the dominant explanation for achievement differences between whites and Angel Harris’ research interests include social psychology, Asian Americans. sociology of education, survey research methods, race and ethnicity, quantitative data analysis, and public policy analysis.

44 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

O explore sensitive racial attitudes without requiring explicit Angel Harris is using two longitudinal datasets from the racial comparisons. Finally, a third series of studies explore the United Kingdom to determine whether academic engagement underlying mechanisms that produce discrimination. This varies by social class and also the extent to which these research borrows methods from social psychology to isolate differences are explained by perceptions of discrimination. both the conscious and unconscious associations that increase Thus, while research on the oppositional culture theory or inhibit the expression of discrimination. within the U.S. has produced mixed results, few studies have O provided a quantitative assessment of the framework in a In recent years, worsening economic conditions in France non-U.S. context. In addition, Harris is collaborating with have led to growing tensions between native-born French and Marta Tienda on a series of articles on how the rates of a rising tide of immigrants, largely from North Africa and application, admission, and enrollment to flagship universities other parts of the developing world. The French criminal of different racial/ethnic groups have been affected by changes justice system has responded to perceived levels of social in college admission policies in Texas. disorder and delinquency in these ethnic neighborhoods by O increasing police surveillance, widening court jurisdiction, Racial progress over the past four decades has lead some and imposing harsher penalties for offenders. As a result, researchers and policymakers to proclaim the problem of France’s foreign and immigrant residents, who comprise only discrimination solved. But the debates about discrimination about six percent of the population overall, now represent have been obscured by a lack of reliable evidence. Funded nearly 30 percent of the French prison population. Funded by by grants from the National Science Foundation, the a Fulbright award, Devah Pager investigates whether the rise Departments of Justice, NIH, and the W.T. Grant of ethnic differentiation and economic instability in France is Foundation, Devah Pager has conducted a series of field associated with a more punitive approach to managing social experiments to formally test patterns of discrimination in the disorder. In the process, she aims to untangle the relationships low-wage labor market of New York City. By using matched between immigrant status, national origin, and economic teams of individuals to apply for real entry-level jobs, it was standing as they relate to trends in law enforcement and possible to directly measure the extent to which race/ethnicity, criminal justice. in the absence of other disqualifying characteristics, reduce O employment opportunities among equally qualified applicants. Douglas Massey serves as co-investigator with Camille Charles These studies demonstrate that whites are systemically favored (University of Pennsylvania) on the National Longitudinal over black and Latino job seekers. Indeed, the effect of Survey of Freshmen (NLSF), which is supported by a grant discrimination is so large that white job seekers just released from the Mellon Foundation. The NLSF is a longitudinal from prison do no worse than blacks without criminal survey of the cohort of freshmen entering 28 selective colleges records. Relying on both quantitative and qualitative data and universities in the fall of 1999 and followed and re- from the testers’ experiences, this research presents striking interviewed each spring during the next four years. All five evidence of the continuing significance of race in shaping the waves have now been released to the public via the project employment opportunities of low-wage workers. website at http://nlsf.opr.princeton.edu/. The first book to O emanate from the project, The Source of the River, was Under new funding from a W.T. Grant Scholars award and published in 2003 and examined the determinants of an NSF Career award, Devah Pager is pursuing a program of academic performance in the first semester of college. The research that contributes to the literature on persistent racial second volume, Taming the River, will be published in 2008. disparities by examining how racial bias and discrimination It follows students through the end of the sophomore year affect the trajectories of black youth. Three sets of studies are and tests explanations for academic and social success on included: The first focuses directly on the case of employment campus. The investigators plan to undertake a detailed discrimination against young disadvantaged men, using both analysis of data from the junior and senior year surveys, with experimental field methods and in-depth interviews to gain a the ultimate goal of modeling the process of college dual perspective on the job matching process. The second graduation, both on time and within six years. They have series of studies turn to the question of public opinion for worked with a variety of administrative databases and college social policies aimed to help individuals struggling to find registrars to assemble a complete record of graduation as of work. This research uses experimental survey techniques to 2006, and these data will increasingly be used in analyses.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 45 OPR Research

O Using NLSF data, postdoctoral fellow Kimberly Torres is at work on a book that traces the historical composition of African Americans in higher education with respect to class and foreign and mixed racial origins. She draws on her ethnographic experience and focus group data to describe how the growing diversity of blacks in higher education affects the social construction of black identity on campus. O Alan Krueger continues his research on education by extending the evaluation of the New York City Voucher experiment, as well as extending his work with Stacy Dale (Mellon Foundation) on the effects of attending a highly selective college. Krueger is also collaborating on a project with Steven Levitt (University of Chicago), Susan Athey (Harvard University), James Poterba (MIT), and Larry Katz (Harvard University) to study predictors of graduate student performance and job placement at five top economics departments. Are admissions committees’ rankings good predictors of performance or job placement? Do students with higher first-year core class grades have a higher completion rate? Are students who attended elite undergraduate schools more likely to be placed in the top-ranking academic jobs? To answer such questions, the researchers have gathered information on 1,030 students who entered Ph.D. programs in economics at the University of Chicago, Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Princeton University, and Stanford University from 1990 to 1999. This information includes such data as GRE scores, admissions rank, first-year course of general exam grades, Ph.D. completion status, and initial job placement.

46 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH OPR Professional Activities

Elizabeth Mitchell Armstrong was promoted to Associate psychopharmaceuticals in urban poor households in Brazil, Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs with tenure in 2007. the distribution and adherence to antiretroviral drug-treatments She serves as the Director for the Certificate in Health and in resource-poor settings, and how the environment and life Health Policy program. In 2007–08, she was the Director of histories influence pathogenic gene expression. He is the Graduate Studies for OPR. She also served as faculty chair of author of Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment the MPA Admissions Committee. She is a member of the (University of California Press, 2005). In progress is a book Lamaze International Certification Council, and she is a on the politics and ethics of the control of AIDS in Brazil. member of the steering committee of Childbirth Connection’s Biehl holds a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Maternity Care within a High Performance Health System. California at Berkeley, 1999, and a Ph.D. in religion from the She gave a keynote address on “The Evidence-Action Gap in Graduate Theological Union, 1996. He was a National Maternity Care” at the 2007 annual meeting of the Coalition Institute of Mental Health Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard for Improving Maternity Services. She also spoke twice in University, 1998–2000; a member of the School of Social Sweden, once at the Society for the History of Children and Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Youth and once at Sodertorns University. In 2007 she 2002–03; and a visiting professor at the L’Ecole des Hautes received the Outstanding Faculty Advisor Award from the Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, 2004. Sociology Department. Her interests are sociology of medicine, Alison Buttenheim, a postdoctoral research associate at the history of medicine and public health, biomedical ethics, Center for Health and Wellbeing and the Office of population health, sociology of pregnancy and childbirth. Population Research, presented two papers at the 2007 Audrey Beck, a postdoctoral research associate, joined the Population Association of America. She also traveled to Center for Research on Child Wellbeing (CRCW) after Vientiane, Lao PDR as part of an ongoing project with the earning her Ph.D. in Sociology from Duke University. Beck’s World Bank to evaluate a school feeding program there. She work with Sara McLanahan at CRCW utilizes data from the was inducted into Phi Delta Omega, the national public Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and, broadly, health honor society, in June 2007 upon completion of her focuses on partnership instability, maternal parenting Ph.D. at the UCLA School of Public Health. Since coming to educational assortative mating and children’s school readiness. OPR in fall 2007, Buttenheim has submitted four papers for During the year, she presented research at the annual journal review, spanning topics including marriage and family meetings of the Population Association of America and the in Indonesia, sanitation and child health in Bangladesh, and American Sociological Association. She received a poster social gradients in health in Mexico. award for her PAA presentation entitled: “Explaining Race Marcia J. Carlson, a Visiting Research Collaborator, Center Differences in Student Behavior: The Relative Contribution for Research on Child Wellbeing, continued her NICHD- of Student, Peer, and School Characteristics,” with Clara funded research using data from the Fragile Families and Muschkin of Duke University. Child Wellbeing Study to explore issues related to family João Biehl is a new faculty associate of the Office of structure, parenting, and child wellbeing, with a particular Population Research. He is an associate professor in the focus on unmarried parents. With Sara McLanahan and Department of Anthropology. His primary research and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, she wrote an article on co-parenting teaching interests are in medical anthropology, the social studies and nonresident fathers’ involvement with young children of science and technology, and Latin American societies. His after a non-marital birth for Demography. Carlson was a current research projects examine the widespread use of co-author, along with Lawrence Berger (University of

Elizabeth Audrey Beck João Biehl Alison Buttenheim Marcia J. Carlson Mitchell Armstrong PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 47 OPR Professional Activities

Wisconsin-Madison), Sharon Bzostek, and Cynthia Osborne Rafaela Dancygier, an Assistant Professor of Politics and (University of Texas-Austin), on the role of marital and Public and International Affairs, and a new faculty associate biological ties on parenting practices of resident fathers for of the OPR, received her Ph.D. in Political Science at Yale Journal of Marriage and Family. With Leonard Lopoo University in 2007. Her broad research interests are in (Syracuse University), she wrote on marriage ability among comparative politics and comparative political economy. the partners of young mothers for Social Service Review. Her specializations are in comparative politics, comparative political economy, immigration, ethnic conflict, and ethnic Anne Case continued to serve as the Director of Princeton’s politics. Her research focuses on the domestic consequences Research Program in Development Studies at the Woodrow of international immigration, the political incorporation of Wilson School. Her research interests include microeconomic immigrants, the relationship between ethnic diversity and foundations of development, health economics, public redistribution, and the determinants of ethnic conflict. She is finance, and labor economics. In 2007, she presented lectures currently working on a book that explores how immigration at numerous conferences and universities in the United States, regimes and welfare states impact interethnic conflict and Europe, and South Africa. She is currently serving as an immigrant integration in Western Europe. Her previous work external member of the World Bank’s research committee, as has appeared in the American Journal of Political Science and a member of the UNAIDS Economic Reference Group, and in edited volumes. as a member of the executive committee of the American Economic Association. Angus Deaton is a member of the World Bank’s Research Observer Editorial Board and its Chief Economist’s Advisory Amy Love Collins continued her postdoctoral work with Council. He also serves on the World Bank’s Technical Noreen Goldman studying psychological wellbeing and Advisory Groups for International Price Comparisons. He health in older adults. She co-authored articles that appeared serves as Advisor to the Expert Committee on Poverty in Social Science & Medicine and are forthcoming in Journal of Measurement, Planning Commission, Government of India. Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. She co-wrote a paper with Deaton delivered lectures at such institutions and universities Noreen Goldman and Dana Glei (University of California, as the World Bank, the Scottish Economic Society, NBER, Berkeley) that is currently under review. She had papers the Royal Academy of Sciences in Sweden, University College accepted for the 2007 Gerontological Society of America in London, and the University of Pennsylvania. He was the meeting and the 2008 Population Association of America David Kinley Memorial Lecturer at the University of Illinois meeting. She also reviewed papers for Health & Place and at Urbana-Champaign, and he received an Honorary D.Sc. Psychological Bulletin. (Economics) from University College, London, and the Carey E. Cooper, a postdoctoral research associate at the Laurea Honoris Causa from the University of Rome, Tor Center for Research on Child Wellbeing (CRCW), presented Vergata. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, of the a paper at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in British Academy, and of the American Academy of Arts Child Development based on research with Robert Crosnoe and Sciences. (University of Texas) on family poverty and the transition to Michelle DeKlyen continued work on a project analyzing elementary school. Cooper’s ongoing work with Sara and disseminating Fragile Families Study data from Newark, McLanahan at CRCW examines the associations among New Jersey, in order to inform local policy and service partnership instability, maternal parenting, and child initiatives. Findings on the language development of young wellbeing using data from the Fragile Families and Child Newark children were presented at the 2007 biennial meeting Wellbeing Study. Cooper also draws on Fragile Families data of the Society for Research on Child Development. As a to study parental incarceration and early child outcomes in result of this work, DeKlyen was asked to serve on Mayor her research with colleagues at Columbia University. Cory Booker's Council on Family Success, co-chairing the subcommittee charged with developing a report card to track

Anne Case Amy Love Collins Carey E. Cooper Rafaela Dancygier Angus Deaton Michelle DeKlyen

48 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 the wellbeing of Newark children. She also assisted in Patricia Fernández-Kelly organizes the regular Colloquium teaching an MPA workshop on disadvantaged children in Series for the Center for Migration and Development and Newark as well as classes in developmental and abnormal edits the Center’s two research briefs, Points of Migration and psychology. Two chapters on the relation between childhood Points of Development. Fernández-Kelly serves on the psychopathology and attachment theory and research, for the advisory board of the People of America Foundation. She also Handbook of Attachment and the Cambridge Handbook of chairs the Latin America Legal Defense and Education Fund Effective Treatments in Psychiatry, are currently in press. (LALDEF) and the Witherspoon Futures Committee, a DeKlyen serves on the board of the New Jersey chapter of the grassroots organization aiming to transform the house where World Association for Infant Mental Health and on the Paul Robeson was born into a community center. She is or Editorial Board of the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, has been a member of editorial boards for the American reviewing articles for that and other journals. Sociological Review, Signs: A Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, and Gniesha Dinwiddie was an invited guest speaker at a Urban Anthropology. In the last two years, she has United Nations Conference given by the World Affairs delivered papers on gender and development, migration and Council of Philadelphia. The title of her talk was urbanization, ethnicity and inequality, and expressive “Eliminating Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and entrepreneurship among second-generation immigrants at Intolerance in an Era of Globalization.” Using examples from such institutions as Johns Hopkins, University of Tennessee, various grass roots organizations and movements in the University of Pennsylvania, William Paterson University, United States as a template for change, she provided policy Brown University, University of California at Irvine, suggestions on how the global community could join together University of Utah, Wake Forest University, and City to eliminate prejudice and subjugation based on ascribed University of New York. status. She presented a paper titled “Comparing Status Differences in Stress Exposure for Understanding Social Noreen Goldman has been Acting Director of OPR for the Disparities in Health” at the American Sociological past year while James Trussell has been enjoying a sabbatical Association meetings in New York. Dinwiddie will begin a leave in England. She recently completed the second round of tenure track faculty position in African-American Studies at fieldwork of a national survey in Taiwan (the Social the University of Maryland, College Park, in the fall of 2008. Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study) and has been working to make the data publicly available. She also embarked Thomas J. Espenshade continued his work on diversity in on a project to examine SES differentials in health among higher education with two projects (NSCE, National Survey Latinos in the U.S. and in Mexico. She is collaborating with of College Experience; and CLASS, Campus Life in America the PSID to examine the potential for future collection of Student Survey, Phase II). He made presentations that use biomarkers. During the past year, she presented seminars at the the NSCE data at the annual meetings of the American University of Colorado, UCLA, the University of Pennsylvania, Sociological Association and the Eastern Sociological Society, the University of Chicago, the National Academy of Sciences, and he gave talks on affirmative action at selective colleges the Biomarker Project in Moscow, and the PAA Meeting. and universities and to Princeton University alumni groups. He was an invited participant at the Conference on Defining Carlos González-Sancho was a Visiting Research the Achievement Gap Challenge at Harvard University. Collaborator (VRC) at the Center for Research on Child Espenshade’s previous research has concentrated on social Wellbeing during the 2007-08 academic year. González- demography, with a particular emphasis on population Sancho is a doctoral student in Sociology at the University of economics, mathematical demography, family and household Oxford and came to Princeton as the recipient of a Fulbright demography, and contemporary immigration to the Scholarship. His research centers on the role of educational United States. assortative mating in the intergenerational transmission of inequalities, with a particular emphasis on the family-level

Gniesha Dinwiddie Thomas J. Patricia Noreen Goldman Carlos González- Espenshade Fernández-Kelly Sancho PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 49 OPR Professional Activities

mechanisms that contribute to disparities in children’s school University’s Kinsey Institute, she also continued her role as achievement. During his stay at Princeton, González-Sancho primary qualitative analyst for a six-city, NIH-funded study started to explore these issues using the NLSY and ECLS-K of acute HIV infection—a project involving Brown, datasets. His work also included a collaboration with Audrey Columbia, UCSF, UCSD, UCLA, and Yale Universities. She Beck using data from the Fragile Families and Children was invited to present her work on women, condoms, and Wellbeing Study (FFCW). Additionally, González-Sancho sexual pleasure at the Grand Rounds of Columbia University’s joined the first cohort of students of the Joint Degree HIV Center. She also shared her research at the University Program in Social Policy as an auditor. Consortium for Sexuality Research and Training and the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Jean Grossman was on the Board of the journal, Future of where she took over as chair of the Sexuality Task Force. Children, and was a member of the Board of Trustees of While attending and presenting at the annual meeting of the Princeton Youth Achievers, a community-based after-school Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, she was presented enrichment program in Princeton. She is helping Big Brothers with the Society’s Blossoming Professional Award. Big Sisters of America develop an on-going evaluation system as well as helping them strengthen their school-based mentoring Margot Jackson joined OPR in the fall of 2007 after program based on the research she and her colleagues have done. receiving her Ph.D. in Sociology in June from UCLA. She She gave presentations at the annual American Educational continues to study the social determinants and consequences Research Association conference and at the Wallace Foundation. of children’s health and wellbeing. In 2007, she published an article with Robert Mare in Social Science Research. She also Angel Harris, who received his Ph.D. in Public Policy and presented findings from her ongoing work at the annual Sociology the University of Michigan in 2005, is an Assistant meetings of the Population Association of America and the Professor of Sociology and African American Studies. He has American Sociological Association, and she gave lectures at been an OPR faculty associate since 2007. He is also a faculty OPR and Brown University. associate in the Center for Research on Child Wellbeing and the Joint Degree Program in Social Policy. Prior to joining Joanna Kempner is a postdoctoral research associate work- Princeton, Harris was an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the ing with Elizabeth Armstrong. She holds a Ph.D. in Sociology University of Texas at Austin, where he was also affiliated with from the University of Pennsylvania and specializes in the the Population Research Center. His research interests include sociology of medicine, science culture, and gender. Her social psychology, sociology of education, survey research research exposes how the production, suppression, and methods, race and ethnicity, quantitative data analysis, and transmission of knowledge is cultural work, inscribed with public policy analysis. This past year, he gave presentations at and shaped by social relations. She is currently completing a New York University and Princeton University. He also book manuscript entitled Not Tonight: Headache and the presented “Black-White Differences in Time Use on Politics of Legitimacy, which is based on her dissertation, Educational and Leisure Activities” at the Jacobs Foundation winner of the ASA's Roberta G. Simmons Award for Conference on Transition from School to Work, in Zurich, Outstanding Dissertation in medical sociology. Over the past Switzerland. Harris is on the Editorial Board of Sociology of year, she has also submitted several manuscripts on ‘forbidden Education and a reviewer for Sociology of Education, Social Forces, knowledge.’ In 2007, Kempner presented papers at the Journal for Research on Adolescents, and Teachers College Record. American Sociological Association and the Society for the Social Study of Science and gave seminars at the University of Jenny Higgins continued her research on sexual health, Pennsylvania and Rutgers University. She is a member of pleasure-seeking, and the prevention of HIV and unintended Sociologists for Women in Society, Society for the Social pregnancy. Three first-authored articles on these topics were Study of Science, and the American Sociological Association, published in 2007, and three others were accepted for review. where she serves as the elected council member at-large for In addition to her collaborations with researchers at Indiana the Medical Sociology section.

Jean Grossman Angel Harris Jenny Higgins Margot Jackson Joanna Kempner

50 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Jean Knab was elected Representative of the Technical Scott Lynch lectured on growth curve modeling at both the Research Staff, Council of the Princeton University University of Pennsylvania and at Princeton University. He Community, and she was member of the CPUC resources also spoke on the relationship between race, education, and committee. Knab was also a member of the Candace Rogers health at Rutgers University, Yale University, and CUNY. graduate student paper award committee for the Eastern He published a book on Bayesian statistics and presented Sociological Society. At the conference Ten Years After: papers at the annual meetings of the American Statistical Evaluating the Long-Term Effects of Welfare Reform on Association, the Gerontological Society of America, and the Children, Families, Welfare, and Work, at the University of Population Association of America. In addition, he served on Kentucky Center for Poverty Research in Lexington, she the editorial boards of Demography, The Journal of Health and presented a paper on the effects of welfare and child support Social Behavior, and The Journals of Gerontology: Social policies on marriage. Sciences and reviewed papers for numerous other journals, including the Journal of the American Statistical Association, Alan Krueger continued as Director of Princeton’s Survey American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, Research Center. He served as the Chief Economist of the Social Forces, and Sociological Methodology. National Council on Economic Education and as a member of the Executive Committee of the American Economic Douglas Massey is a member of the National Academy of Association and International Economic Association, and he Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and served on the Board of Directors of the American Institutes the American Philosophical Society. He is the current for Research and the Board of Trustees of the Russell Sage president of the American Academy of Political and Social Foundation. Krueger chaired the Economic Fellows Selection Science, a member of the Committee on National Statistics of Committee for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences the National Research Council, and co-editor of the Annual and is a member of the Brain Trust for the National Counter Review of Sociology. He also serves as Director of Graduate Terrorism Center. He is also on the Board of Reviewing Studies in the Woodrow Wilson School. Massey’s research Editors of Science. Krueger was the Keynote Speaker at the focuses on international migration, race and housing, Nordic Labor Economics Institute in Sweden, and he discrimination, education, urban poverty, stratification, and delivered lectures at numerous universities and institutions Latin America, especially Mexico. such as the Russell Sage Foundation, NBER, London School Sara McLanahan directs the Center for Research on Child of Economics, the NSF, and IBMEC University in Brazil. Wellbeing and is Editor-in-Chief of , a Krueger’s primary research and teaching interests are in the The Future of Children journal dedicated to children’s policies. McLanahan is a general areas of labor economics, education, industrial fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social relations, economics of terrorism, subjective wellbeing, and Science (AAPSS) and a member of the MacArthur Network social insurance. on the Family and the Economy. She serves on the advisory Adriana Lleras-Muney gave presentations at the 2007 AEA boards of the William T. Grant Foundation, the National meetings, at the Harvard-Boston University-MIT Health Poverty Center, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Economics Seminar, at the Universities of Pennsylvania and Health and Society Scholars program, and the Pew Buffalo, and at Brown University. She was a referee for Foundation’s Economic Mobility Project. She also serves on American Economic Review, Econometrica, Economics of the selection committee for the Robert Wood Johnson Health Education Review, Health Affairs, Journal of Development and Society Scholars Program and the W.T. Grant Scholars Economics, Journal of Economic Growth, Journal of Health Award. Her work has recently been published in edited Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Journal of Population volumes and in refereed journals such as Journal of Marriage Economics, Journal of Public Economics, Journal of the European and Family, American Sociological Review, Demography, Economic Association, National Science Foundation, and Review American Journal of Public Health, and others. of Economics and Statistics.

Jean Knab Alan Krueger Adriana Lleras- Scott Lynch Douglas Massey Sara McLanahan Muney PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 51 OPR Professional Activities

Sunny Xinchun Niu continued to work with Marta Tienda Christina Paxson continued as Director of the Center for on the “Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project.” Health and Wellbeing as well as serving as Chair of the Using a longitudinal survey of Texas high school seniors of Department of Economics at Princeton University. She is a 2002 to evaluate how changes in college admission criteria member of the Board of Editors of the American Economic influence student college-going decision-making, she Review, the Advisory Board of the Joint Center for Poverty published two papers in 2007, “Choosing Colleges: Identifying Research, and a member of the MacArthur Foundation and Modeling Choice Sets” (with Marta Tienda, in Social Research Network on Socioeconomic Status and Health. Science Research), and “Minority Talent Loss and the Texas Top Paxson is also a member of the Economics Review Panel of 10% Law” (with Marta Tienda and Teresa Sullivan, in Social the National Science Foundation, and she is a Research Science Quarterly). She also has other papers submitted for Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. journal review and one accepted for the American Educational Alejandro Portes continued as Director of the Center for Research Association 2008 annual meeting. Migration and Development. In 2007, he received a Senior Daniel Notterman, a new faculty associate at OPR, is a Investigator Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Senior Health Policy Analyst and Lecturer in Molecular Foundation and major grants from the National Science Biology at Princeton. He received his M.D. at New York Foundation and Spencer Foundation. He continued to serve University School of Medicine in 1978. Following his residency on the boards of the American Sociological Review and and chief residency in pediatrics at New York University’s International Migration Review. In 2007, he was appointed to Bellevue Hospital, he studied clinical pharmacology at the Board of Population Review and, in 2008, he received the Cornell and joined the faculty of their Departments of annual prize for Scientific Reviewing from the National Pediatrics and Pharmacology, where his lab studied the Academy of Sciences. clinical pharmacology of cardiovascular drugs in children. Germán Rodríguez continued to serve as Director of OPR’s Subsequently, he came to Princeton, working with Arnold Computing and Statistics core. Last year he presented papers Levine on cancer research, and chaired the Committee on the and served as discussant in meetings of the Population Health Professions. He left Princeton for five years to serve as Association of America (PAA) and the International Statistical Chair of Pediatrics at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Institute (ISI), reviewed papers for a number of statistical and rejoining Princeton in 2007. While he continues his work in demographic journals, and remained an occasional reviewer cancer biology, he has also become interested in gene- for NIH. He continues to maintain and further develop environment interactions in at-risk women and children. PAMPA, the web-based software he wrote for use in the Devah Pager’s research and teaching focus is on institutions annual meetings of the PAA, which has also been adopted by affecting racial stratification, including education, labor the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population markets, and the criminal justice system. This year Pager gave (IUSSP), the European Association for Population Studies talks at the University of Virginia Law School, USC Law (EAPS), and the Union for African Population Studies (UAPS). School, the University of Chicago Business School, and at the Matthew Salganik, a new faculty associate of OPR, National Institute of Corrections. Her book on discrimination received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Columbia University in against minorities and ex-offenders, MARKED: Race, Crime, 2007. Salganik is an Assistant Professor in the Department of and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration, was Sociology. His areas of research interest are social networks, published this year by the University of Chicago Press, and it sociology of culture, social inequality, social psychology, and was the winner of the PASS award from the National Council quantitative methods. His work integrates his research on social on Crime and Delinquency. networks with his research on the sociology of culture and explores creative uses of the Internet in social research. His work on respondent-driven sampling has now been used in more than

Sunny Xinchun Niu Daniel Notterman Devah Pager Christina Paxson Alejandro Portes Germán Rodríguez Matthew Salganik

52 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

100 studies in more than 20 countries, including a Center for Research in Park City, Utah, Rockefeller University, the Institute Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study of drug injectors on Aging, University of Wisconsin, and the National Institute in the 25 largest U.S. cities. Other work on networks and on Aging. statistics formed the basis for a social networks module on the Marta Tienda served as a board member of TIAA, RAND 2006 General Social Survey (GSS). Salganik’s work on using Corporation, the Princeton Medical Center, the Sloan the Internet for social research may eventually yield new Foundation, the Jacobs Foundation of Switzerland, and the methods for addressing questions in population science; one Corporation of Brown University. In 2007, Tienda was such study involved a series of four experiments with more awarded the American Dream Legacy Award from the than 27,000 participants, something that would not have International Institute of New Jersey. Tienda was a visiting been possible in a traditional laboratory experiment. scholar at the Rockefeller Foundation from January through Salganik serves as a reviewer for PNAS, Sociological August, 2007. She served on the Editorial Board of the Methodology, Sociological Methods & Research, and Social Sociology of Education, the Annals of the American Academy of Psychology Quarterly. Political and Social Sciences, and the Jacobs Foundation Series Magaly Sanchez, Professor of Urban Sociology at the on Adolescence published by Cambridge University Press. Instituto de Urbanismo at the Universidad Central de Tienda participated in the Russell Sage Foundation’s Venezuela, continues as a senior researcher in the Office of Centennial Symposium as a panelist, where she spoke about Population Research at Princeton University. Currently, she is the Changing Shape of Diversity. She is trustee emeritus of writing a book in collaboration with Douglas Massey, under the Russell Sage Foundation. publishing agreement with Russell Sage Foundation. Recently James Trussell is currently serving on the National Medical she served as co-director for the Conference “Globalization Committee of Planned Parenthood Federation of America. and the Rise of the Left in Latin-America” sponsored by He also serves on the board of directors of the NARAL Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Policy ProChoice America Foundation, the Guttmacher Institute, and the Witherspoon Institute. She was a participant on the and the Society for Family Planning. He spent the academic Panel on Padilla’s and Transnational Gangs in Central year on sabbatical at The Hull York Medical School. He America and invited to the Oppenheimer Presents television continues work in several research areas: contraceptive program in July 2007. Sanchez has been an active participant failure, the cost-effectiveness of contraception, and at the international level in variety of settings, such as a emergency contraception. participant at the Salzburg Seminar at the session Immigration and Inclusion: Rethinking National Identity, Charles F. Westoff, Professor of Demographic Studies and and Acting Chair and Discussant on the panel Colombian Sociology, Emeritus, Princeton University, was named Immigrants Experience at the Latin American Sociological Laureate of the International Union for the Scientific Study Association in Montreal. of Population (IUSSP) for 2007, and he received the award during the annual meeting of the Population Association of Burton Singer has affiliated faculty appointments in the America. He also presented a paper at the PAA meeting, Programs in Applied & Computational Mathematics, another paper at the IUSSP Seminar on the Measurement of Environmental Studies, African Studies, and the Department of Abortion, held in Paris, and a third paper at the Max Planck Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. He is co-director, with Tom Institute in Rostock, Germany. He served as a referee for the Shenk (Molecular Biology) of a new undergraduate certificate electronic journal for the Max Planck program in Global Health. Singer is a member of the National Demographic Research Institute. He continued to serve as Senior Demographic Advisory Council on Aging, the visiting committee for the Advisor to the Demographic and Health Surveys and on the Harvard School of Public Health, and the Science Advisory boards of the Population Resource Center and the Board of the Santa Fe Institute. This past year, Singer gave Guttmacher Institute. lectures at the meeting of the Academy of Behavioral Medicine

Magaly Sanchez Burton Singer Marta Tienda James Trussell Charles F. Westoff

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 53 2007 Publications

Working Papers CMD 07 -02 Donald W. Light Office of Population Research Working Papers Toward an Economic Sociology of Compassionate Charity and Care OPR 07-02 Amy Love Collins, Noreen Goldman, Germán Rodríguez CMD 07-01.2 Alejandro Portes, Patricia Fernandez-Kelly Are Life Satisfaction and Optimism Protective No Margin for Error: Educational and of Health Among Older Adults? Occupational Achievement Among Disadvantaged Children of Immigrants OPR 07-01 Dana A. Glei (University of California at Berkeley), Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein CMD 07-04 Alejandro Portes, Cristina Escobar, (Georgetown University) Renelinda Arana Do Chronic Stressors Lead to Physiological Divided or Convergent Loyalties? A Report on Dysregulation? Testing the Theory of the Political Incorporation of Latin American Allostatic Load Immigrants in the United States

Center for Health and Wellbeing Working Papers CMD 07-05 Alejandro Portes, Cristina Escobar, Renelinda Arana CHW 10-07 C. Ardington, A. Case, V. Hosegood Bridging the Gap: Transnational and Ethnic Labor Supply Responses to Large Social Organizations in the Political Incorporation of Transfers: Longitudinal Evidence from Immigrants in the United States South Africa Center for Research on Child Wellbeing CHW 10-07 A. Case, A. Menendez Working Papers Sex Differences in Obesity Rates in Poor Countries: Evidence from South Africa CRCW 02-17 Angela Fertig, Sara McLanahan, Irwin Garfinkel Child Support Enforcement and CHW 10-07 A. Case, D. Lee, C. Paxson Domestic Violence The Income Gradient in Children’s Health: A Comment on Currie, Shields and CRCW 06-36 Sarah Meadows Wheatley Price Is It There When You Need It? Perception and Adequacy of Received Instrumental CHW 08-07 A. Deaton Social Support Height, Health, and Development CRCW 07-02 Shirley Liu, Frank Heiland CHW 07-07 A. Deaton Should We Get Married? The Effect of Income, Aging, Health and Wellbeing Around Parents’ Marriage on Out-of-Wedlock the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll Children

CHW 04-07 B. A’Hearn, F. Peracchi, G. Vecchi CRCW 07-03 Catherine Kenney Living Standards and the Distribution of His Dollar ≠ Her Dollar ≠ Their Dollar: The Heights: Italy, 1855-1910 Effects of Couples' Money Management Systems on Union Dissolution and Women's CHW 03-07 C. Bozzoli, A. Deaton, C. Quintana-Domeque Labor Force Participation Child Mortality, Income and Adult Height CRCW 07-04 Catherine Kenney Center for Migration and Development When Father Doesn't Know Best: Parents’ Working Papers Management and Control of Money and CMD 07-01.1 Alejandro Portes, Lori D. Smith Children’s Food Insecurity Institutions and Development in Latin CRCW 07-06 W. Bradford Wilcox, Edwin Hernandez America: A Comparative Analysis Bendito Amor: Religion and Relationships Among Married and Unmarried Latinos in Urban America

54 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

CRCW 07-07 Kristin Turney, Kristen Harknett Publications and Papers Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Adsera, A. "Is Fertility Indeed Related to Religiosity." Population Residential Stability, and Perceptions of Social Studies, 61(2):225-230. 2007. Support Among New Mothers Adsera, A. "Fertility in Developed Countries.” In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by L. Blume, and S. Durlauf. England, CRCW 07-08 Kristin Turney, Kristen Harknett U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Residential Stability, and Perceptions of Social Adsera, A. "Canvi Demografic a Europa: La Transformacio Dels Valors Familiars I Del Mercat De Treball in Centre d'Estudis." In Canvi Support Among New Mothers Demografic I Estat Del Benestar, edited by J. Pujol. Barcelona, Spain. 2007. CRCW 07-09 Cynthia Osborne Adsera, A., and Boix, C. "Constitutions and Democratic Breakdowns.” Is Marriage Protective for All Children? In Voters, Institutions, and Accountability, edited by J.M. Maravall, and Cumulative Risks at Birth and Subsequent I. Sanchez-Cuenca. Cambridge University Press. 2007. Child Behavior Among Urban Families Adsera, A., and Boix, C. "Kempo to Democracy no Hokai.” In Veto Players and Policy Change, edited by H. Magara, and M. Ido. Waseda CRCW 07-10 Jean Knab, Irwin Garfinkel, Sara McLanahan, University Press. 2007. Emily Moiduddin, Cynthia Osborne Adsera, A., and Chiswick, B.R. "Are There Gender Differences in The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes across European Countries." Policies on the Incidence of Marriage Journal of Population Economics, 20(3):495-526. 2007. Following a Nonmarital Birth Allen, W., Harris, A., Dinwiddie, G., and Griffin, K. "Saving Grace: A Comparative Analysis of African American Students Receiving and CRCW 07-11 Marcia Carlson Not Receiving Gates Millennium Scholarships.” In Resources, Assets, Trajectories of Couple Relationship Quality and Strengths Among Successful Diverse Students: Understanding the After Childbirth: Does Marriage Matter? Contributions of the Gates Millennium Scholars Program, edited by E.P.S. Johns. New York, NY: AMS Press, Inc. Forthcoming. CRCW 07-12 Laura Hussey Alon, S., and Tienda, M. "Diversity, Opportunity and the Shifting Are Social Welfare Policies 'Pro-Life'? An Meritocracy in Higher Education." American Sociological Review, Individual Level Analysis of Low Income 26(3):296-311. 2007. Women Aptekar, S. "Exploratory Study of the New Migration Stream from the Former Soviet Union to Ireland.” Presented at the Population CRCW 07-13 Maren Andrea Jimenez, Xiuhong Helen You, Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007. Yolanda C. Padilla, Daniel A. Powers Language of Interview: Importance for Aptekar, S. "Organizational Life and Political Incorporation of Two Asian Immigrant Groups in a Suburban Community.” Presented at Hispanic Mothers' Self-Rated Health and the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, Reports of Their Children's Health NY. 2007.

CRCW 07-14 Shirley Liu, Frank Heiland Aptekar, S. "Context of Exit in the Migration of Russian Speakers from New Estimates on the Effect of Parental the Baltic Countries to Ireland.” Presented at the Eastern Sociological Society Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2008. Separation on Child Health Aptekar, S. "Citizenship Acquisition among Immigrants with High CRCW 07-15 Bill Chiu, Marie Crandall, Karen Sheehan Socioeconomic Status.” Presented at the Population Association of Risk Factors for Infant Asthma in Susceptible America Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. 2008. Families Aptekar, S. "Highly-Skilled but Unwelcome in Politics: Immigrant Political Incorporation in a New Jersey Suburb.” In Civic Roots and CRCW 07-16 Carey Cooper, Sara McLanahan, Sarah Political Realities: Community Organizations and Political Engagement Meadows, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Among Immigrants in the United States and Abroad, edited by S.K. Family Structure Transitions and Maternal Ramakrishnan, and I. Bloemraad. New York, NY: Russage Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. Parenting Stress Armstrong, E.M., Harris, L.H., Kukla, R., Kuppermann, M., Little, M., CRCW 07-19 Sarah Meadows Lyerly, A.D., and Mitchell, L. "Risks, Values and Decision Making Family Structure and Fathers' Wellbeing: Surrounding Pregnancy." Obstetrics and Gynecology, 109(4):979-984. Trajectories of Physical and Mental Health 2007. Armstrong, E.M. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.” In The Encyclopedia of CRCW 07-20 Maureen Waller Social Problems, edited by V.N. Parillo. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Shared Parenting in Disadvantaged Families: Publications Inc. 2008. Early Contexts, Interpretations, and Implications of Parental Caretaking

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 55 2007 Publications

Armstrong, E.M. "Fetal Narcotic Syndrome.” In The Encyclopedia of Carlson, M., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Unmarried But Social Problems, edited by V.N. Parillo. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Not Absent: Fathers' Involvement with Children After a Nonmarital Publications Inc. 2008. Birth." Demography. Forthcoming. Armstrong, E.M., and Katz Rothman, B. Advances in Medical Sociology: Carroll, A., Corman, H., Noonan, K., and Reichman, N. "Why Do Bioethical Issues, edited by E.M. Armstrong, B. Katz Rothman, and R. Poor Children Lose Health Insurance in the SCHIP Era? The Role of Tiger. London, U.K.: Elsevier Press. 2008. Family Health." American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 97(2):398-401. 2007. Armstrong, E.M. "Silences, Omissions and Sticking Points: Unblinkering the Blind Spots in Contemporary Medical Sociology.” Casciano, R., and Massey, D.S. "Neighborhoods, Employment, and In The Handbook of Health, Illness and Healing: Blueprint for the 21st Welfare Use: Assessing the Influence of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Century, edited by B.A. Pescosolido, J.K. Martin, and J. McLeod. Composition." Social Science Research. Forthcoming. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Forthcoming. Case, A., Ardington, C., and Hosegood, V. "Labor Supply Responses to Attewell, P., Lavin, D., Domina, T., and Levey, T. Passing the Torch: Large Social Transfers: Longitudinal Evidence from South Africa.” Does Higher Education for the Disadvantaged Pay Off Across the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. Generations? New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. 13442. 2007. Beck, A.N., Cooper, C.E., McLanahan, S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Family Case, A., Lee, D., and Paxson, C. "The Income Gradient in Children's Structures and Mothers' Parenting.” Presented at the Population Health: A Comment on Currie, Shields and Wheatley Price.” Association of America Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA. 2008. National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No.13495. 2007. Brooks-Gunn, J., Rouse, C., and McLanahan, S. "Racial and Ethnic Gaps in School Readiness.” Pp. 283-306, In School Readiness and the Case, A., and Menendez, A. "Does Money Empower the Elderly? Transition to Kindergarten, edited by R.C. Pianta, M.J. Cox, and K. Evidence from the Agincourt Demographic Surveillance Area." Snow. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. 2007. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 35(3):157-164. 2007. Brooks-Gunn, J., Rouse, C., and McLanahan, S.S. "School Readiness: Case, A., Paxson, C., and Vogl, T. "Socioeconomic Status and Health in Closing Racial and Ethnic Gaps.” Pp. 283-306, In The Transition to Childhood: A Comment on Chen, Martin and Matthews." Social Kindergarten, edited by Pianta, Cox, and Snow. Baltimore, MD: Paul Science and Medicine, 64(4):757-761. 2007. H. Brooks Publishing. 2007. Case, A., Ardington, C., and Hosegood, V. "Labor Supply Responses to Brown, J.S., and Lynch, S.M. "Estimating Program Participation Large Social Transfers: Longitudinal Evidence from South Africa." Expectancies by ADL: A Policy Application of Active Life Expectancy American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. Forthcoming. Methods.” Presented at the Réseau Espérance de vie en Santé - Network on Health Expectancy. St. Petersberg, FL. 2007. Case, A., Lee, D., and Paxson, C. "The Income Gradient in Children's Health: A Comment on Currie, Shields and Wheatley Price." Journal Brown, J.S., and Lynch, S.M. "Examining Patterns in Divorced Life of Health Economics. Forthcoming. Expectancy by Race: An Application of a Bayesian Approach to Sullivan's Method.” Presented at the Population Association of Castro, M.C., Sawyer, D.O., and Singer, B. "Spatial Patterns of Malaria America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. March, 2007. in the Amazon: Implications for Surveillance and Targeted Interventions." Health and Place, 13:368-380. 2007. Brown, J.S., Meadows, S.O., and Elder, J., Glen H. "Racial Inequality and Psychological Distress: Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence Chang, M.C., Glei, D., Goldman, N., and Weinstein, M. "The Taiwan to Young Adulthood." Developmental Psychology, 43(6):1295-1311. 2007. Biomarker Project.” In Biosocial Surveys, Committee on Advances in Collecting and Utilizing Biological Indicators and Genetic Information in Bzostek, S.H., Goldman, N., and Pebley, A. "Why Do Hispanics in the USA Social Science Surveys, edited by M. Weinstein, J. Vaupel, and K. Report Poor Health?" Social Science and Medicine, 65:990-1003. 2007. Wachter. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2007. Cabrera, N., Linver, M., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "New Directions in Charles, C.Z., Roscigno, V.J., and Torres, K. "'Footing the Bill' for Measuring Young Children's Emotional Development." Infant and Higher Education: Racial/Ethnic Inequality, Parental Investments, Mental Health Journal, 28:559-563. 2007. and the Likelihood of 4-Year College Attendance." Social Science Research, 36(1):329-352. 2007. Cadge, W., Day, H., and Wildeman, C. "Bridging the Denomination- Congregation Divide: Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Charles, C.Z., Torres, K., and Brunn, R. "Black Like Who? Exploring Congregations Respond to Homosexuality." Review of Religious the Racial, Ethnic and Class Diversity of Black Students at Selective Research, 48(3):245-259. 2007. Colleges and Universities." Social Forces, 86(2). 2007. Cadge, W., Olson, L., and Wildeman, C. "How Denominational Collins, A.L., Glei, D., and Goldman, N. "The Role of Psychological Context Influences Debate about Homosexuality in Mainline Well-Being in All Cause Mortality.” Presented at the Population Protestant Congregations." Sociology of Religion. Forthcoming. Association of America Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. April, 2008. Cadge, W., and Wildeman, C. "Facilitators and Advocates: How Mainline Protestant Clergy Respond to Homosexuality." Sociological Collins, A.L., and Goldman, N. "Perceived Social Position and Health in Perspectives. Forthcoming. Older Adults in Taiwan." Social Science and Medicine, 66(3):536-544. 2008. Carlson, M., McLanahan, S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Co-Parenting and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement with Young Children After A Collins, A.L., Goldman, N., and Rodriguez, G. "Is Positive Well-Being Nonmarital Birth." Demography. Forthcoming. Protective of Mobility Limitations Among Older Adults?" Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. Forthcoming.

56 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Cooper, C.E., and Crosnoe, R. "The Engagement in Schooling of Dupre, M.E., and Meadows, S.O. "Disaggregating the Effects of Marital Economically Disadvantaged Parents and Children." Youth and Trajectories on Health." Journal of Family Issues, 28(5):623-652. 2007. Society, 38:372-391. 2007. Ehrmann, N. "From the Ghetto to the Ivory Tower: Gendered Effects Cooper, C.E., and Crosnoe, R. "Poverty, Developmental Processes, and on Segregation on Elite-College Completion." Social Science Quarterly, School “ Presented at the Symposium at the Biennial Meeting of the 88:1392-1414. 2007. Society for Research in Child Development. Boston, MA. March, 2007. Ehrmann, N. "Public Sociology Profiles (14 total)" In Introduction to Cooper, C., Osborne, C., and McLanahan, S. "Family Instability and Sociology, Sixth Edition, edited by A. Giddens, M. Duneler, and R.P. Children's Socioemotional and Cognitive Development at School Appelbaum. New York, NY: W.W. Norton. 2007. Entry." Population Association of America. New Orleans, LA. 2008. Ehrmann, N. "Education and the Sociological Imagination.” Presented Cooper, C. "The Family Process Model.” In Encyclopedia of the Life at the Princeton University Graduate Alumni High Table. Wyman Course and Human Development, edited by D. Carr. Farmington Hill, House, Princeton, NJ. 2007. MI: Gale Publishing Group. Forthcoming. Erlanger, T.E., Krieger, G.R., Singer, B., and Utzinger, J. "The 6/94 Gap Corman, H., Noonen, K., Reichman, N., and Schwartz-Soicher, O. in Health Impact Assessment." Environmental Impact Assessment "Crime and Circumstance: The Effects of Infant Health Shocks on Review, 28:349-358. 2008. Fathers' Criminal Activity.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. March 2007. Espenshade, T.J., and Radford, A.W. Living Amid Difference: Race and Class Dimensions of College Admission and Campus Life. Princeton, NJ: Cornman, H., Carroll, A., Noonan, K., and Reichman, N. "Why Do Princeton University Press. Forthcoming. Poor Mothers and Children Lose Health Insurance?” Presented at the American Economic Association Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL. Espinoza Higgins, M., and Martin, J. "Overview of The New Immigrant January 2007. Survey and Key Findings.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. March 2007. Crosnoe, R., and Cooper, C. "Economically Disadvantaged Children's Transitions into School: Families, Schools, and Public Policy." Espinoza Higgins, M. "The New Immigrant Survey and Future American Educational Research Association. New York, NY. 2008. Rounds.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. 2008. Curbow, B., Binko, J., Smith, S., Dreyling, E., and McDonnell, K. "Adolescent Girls' Perceptions of Smoking Risk and Protective Espinoza Higgins, M. "The New Immigrant Survey: Second Round." Factors: Implications for Message Design." Journal of Child and Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Adolescent Substance Abuse. In press. Boston, MA. 2008. Deaton, A. "Height, Health, and Development." Proceedings of the Fauth, R., Leventhal, T., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Welcome to the National Academy of Sciences, 104(33):13232-13237. 2007. Neighborhood? Long-Term Impacts on Moving to Low-Poverty Neighborhoods on Poor Children's and Adolescents' Outcomes." Deaton, A. "Stone, John Richard Nicholas (1913-1991)." The New Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17:249-284. 2007. Palgrave. Forthcoming. Fauth, R.C., Roth, J.L., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Does the Neighborhood Deaton, A. "Income, Health and Wellbeing Around the World: Evidence Context Alter the Link between Youth's After-School Time Activities from the Gallup World Poll." Journal of Economic Perspectives. and Developmental Outcomes? A Multilevel Analysis." Developmental Forthcoming. Psychology, 43:760-777. 2007. DeKlyen, M., and Greenberg, M.T. "Attachment and Psychopathology Fauth, R.C., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Are Some Neighborhoods Better for in Children.” In Handbook of Attachment Theory and Research (2nd Child Health than Others?” Pp. 334-376, In Making Americans Edition), edited by J. Cassidy, and P.R. Shaver. New York, NY: Healthier: Social and Economic Policy as Health Policy, edited by R.F. Guilford Press. In press. Schoeni, J.S. House, G.A. Kaplan, and H. Pollack. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2008. Dinwiddie, G. "Are We There Yet? Assessing Equity, Opportunity and Social Disparities for Educational Attainment in the United States.” Fernández-Kelly, P. NAFTA and Beyond: Alternative Perspectives in the In International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (2nd Edition), edited Study of Global Trade and Development - Annals of the American by W. Dariety. Forthcoming. Academy of Political and Social Science, edited by J. Shener. 2007. Donatiello, J. "Praeger Handbook of Adoption." Reference & User Fernández-Kelly, P. "The Moral Monster: Recasting Honor and Services Quarterly, 46(4):90-91. 2007. Respectability Behind Bars.” In The Companion to Latino Studies, edited by R. Rosaldo. New York, NY: Blackwell Publishers. 2007. Donatiello, J. "International Encyclopedia of Social Policy." Reference & User Services Quarterly, 47(3). Forthcoming. Fernández-Kelly, P. "To Welcome the Stranger: Facts and Fictions about Illegal Immigration to the United States." Perspectivas: A Journal of the Donner, S., and Potere, D. "The Inequality of the Global Threat to Princeton Theological Seminary. 2007. Coral Reefs." BioScience, 58:214-215. 2007. Fernández-Kelly, P., and Konczal, L. "Asesinando el Alfabeto' - Identidad Duncan, G.J., Dowsett, C.J., Claessens, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, y Empresariado entre Inmigrantes Cubanos, Antillanos y A.C., Klebanov, P., Pagani, L., Feinstein, L., Engel, M., Brooks-Gunn, Centroamericanos de Segunda Generación.” In El País Transnacional - J., Sexton, H., Duckworth, K., and Japel, C. "School Readiness and Migración Mexicana y Cambio Social a través de la Frontera, edited by Later Achievement." Developmental Psychology, 43:1428-1446. 2007. M. Ariza. Mexico DF: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales. 2007.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 57 2007 Publications

Fernández-Kelly, P., and Portes, A. "Sin Margen de Error: Green, J., Wan, M.W., and DeKlyen, M. "Attachment Insecurity and Determinatntes del Exito entre Hijos de Immigrantes Crecidos en Attachment Disorder.” In Cambridge Handbook of Effective Treatments Circunstancias Adversas.” In Revista Migraciones. Madrid, España. in Psychiatry, edited by P.Tyrer, and K. Silk. New York, NY: 2007. Cambridge University Press. In press. Fernández-Kelly, P., and DiMaggio, P. Art in the Life of Immigrant Grossman, J.B. "More than Just Good Relationships: A Reply." Journal Communities in the United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers of Adolescent Health, 41(2):213-214. 2007. University Press. Forthcoming. Gruenewald, T., Karlamangla, A., Greendale, G.A., Singer, B., and Fernández-Kelly, P., and Portes, A. "Exceptional Outcomes in Education Seeman, T.E. "Feelings of Usefulness to Others, Disability, Mortality and Employment among Second-Generation Immigrants." Annals of in Older Adults: The MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging." Journal the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Forthcoming. of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 62B(1):28-37. 2007. Fernández-Kelly, P., and Shefner, J. Neo-Liberalism in its Second Wave: Gruenewald, T., Mroczek, D., Ryff, C.D., and Singer, B. "Diverse Effects on Developing Countries. University Park, PA: Penn State Pathways to Positive and Negative Affect in Adulthood and Late Life: University Press. Forthcoming. an Integrative Approach Using Recursive Partitioning." Developmental Psychology, 44(2):330-343. 2008. Fillinger, U., Kannady, K., William, G., Vanek, M.J., Dongus, S., Nyika, D., Geissbuhler, Y., Chaki, P.P., Govella, N.J., Mathenge, E.M., Guilbert, E., Boroditsky, R., Black, A., Kives, S., Leboeuf, M., Mirosh, Singer, B., Mshinda, H., Lindsay, S.W., Tanner, M., Mtasiwa, D., M., Senikas, V., Wagner, M.-S., Weir, E., York-Lowry, J., Reid, R., Castro, M.C., and Killeen, G.F. "A Tool Box for Operational and Trussell, J. "Canadian Consensus Guideline on Continuous and Mosquito Larval Control: Preliminary Results and Early Lessons Extended Hormonal Contraception." Journal of Obstetrics and From the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Gynaecology Canada, 29(7):S1-S32. 2007. Tanzania." Malaria Journal, 7(20). 2008. Harknett, K., and Knab, J. "More Kin, Less Support: Multipartnered Fischer, C.S., and Hout, M. "Century of Difference.” Presented at the Fertility and Perceived Support Among Mothers." Journal of Marriage American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. New York, NY. and Family, 69(1):237-253. 2007. August 2007. Harris, A. "Black-White Differences in Time Use on Educational and Foster, H., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Martin, A. "Poverty / Socio-Economic Leisure Activities.” Presented at the Jacobs Foundation Conference: Status and Exposure to Violence in the Lives of Children and Transition from School to Work. Marbach Castle, Germany. 2007. Adolescents.” Pp. 664-687, in The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression, edited by D.J. Flannery, A.T. Vazsonyi, and Harris, A., and Henderson, A. "Intergenerational Transmission of I.D. Waldman. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007. Academic Orientation.” Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007. Frejka, T., and Westoff, C.F. "Religion, Religiousness and Fertility in Europe and in the United States." European Journal of Population. In Harris, A., and Robinson, K. "Schooling Behaviors or Prior Skills?: A press. Cautionary Tale of Omitted Variable Bias within the Oppositional Culture Theory." Sociology of Education, 80:139-157. 2007. Friedman, E.M., Hayney, M.S., Love, G.D., Singer, B., and Ryff, C.D. "Plasma Interleukin-6 and Soluble IL-6 Receptors are Associated with Harris, A. "The Oppositional Culture Theory.” In The Encyclopedia of Psychological Well-Being in Aging Women." Health Psychology, the Life Course and Human Development, edited by D. Carr. 26(3):305-313. 2007. Michigan: Gale Publishing Group. Forthcoming. Friedman, E.M., Love, G.D., Rosenkranz, M.A., Urry, H.L., Davidson, Harris, A., Trujillo, M., and Jamison, K. "Academic Outcomes among R.J., Singer, B., and Ryff, C.D. "Socioeconomic Status Predicts Latino/a and Asian Americans: An Assessment of the Immigration Objective and Subjective Sleep Quality in Aging Women." Effect." Annals of Academy of Political and Social Science. Forthcoming. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(7):682-691. 2007. Hartwell, L., Hood, L., Goldberg, M., Reynolds, A., Silver, L.M., and Gibson-Davis, C., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "The Association of Couples' Veres, R. Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, Third Edition. New York, Relationship Status and Quality With Breastfeeding Initiation." NY: McGraw-Hill Publishers. 2007. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(5):1107-1117. 2007. Hatcher, R.A., Trussell, J., Nelson, A., Cates, W., Stewart, F., and Kowal, Glei, D., Goldman, N., Chuang, Y.-L., and Weinstein, M. "Do Chronic D. Contraceptive Technology: Nineteenth Revised Edition. New York, Stressors Lead to Physiological Dysregulation? Testing the Theory of NY: Ardent Media. 2007. Allostatic Load." Psychosomatic Medicine, 69:769-776. 2007. Higgins, J.A. "Sexy Feminisms & Sexual Health: Theorizing Heterosex, Goldman, N., and Glei, D.A. "Sex Differences in the Relationship Pleasure and Constraint in Public Health Research." Atlantis, Between DHEAS and Health." Experimental Gerontology, 42:979-987. 31(2):72-81. 2007. 2007. Higgins, J.A. "Pleasure, Prophylasix, and Procreation: A Qualitative Goldstein, J.R. "How Late Can First Births Be Postponed? Some Analysis of Intermittent Contraceptive Use and Unintended Illustrative Population-Level Calculations." Vienna Yearbook of Pregnancy.” Presented at the American Public Health Association Population Research, pp. 153-165. 2007. Annual Meeting. Washington, DC. November, 2007. Gorrindo, T., Lu, Y., Pincus, S., Riley, A., Simon, J.A., Singer, B., and Higgins, J.A. "Pleasure, Prophylasis, and Procreation: A Qualitative Weinstein, M. "Lifelong Menstrual Histories are Typically Erratic and Analysis of Intermittent Contraceptive Use and Unintended Trending: A Taxonomy." Menopause, 14(1):74-88. 2007. Pregnancy.” Presented at the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, IN. November, 2007.

58 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Higgins, J.A. "Women's Sexuality, Reproductive Health, and HIV Jasso, G., and Espinoza Higgins, M. "Immigration and the Social Prevention: Perspectives on the Pleasure Deficit.” Presented at the Integration of New Immigrants to the United States." New Immigrant University Consortium for Sexuality Research and Training, Inaugural Survey Conference. Nashville, TN. 2008. Meeting. Bloomington, IN. April, 2007. Katz, R.L., and Singer, B. "Can an Attribution Assessment be Made or Higgins, J.A., and Hirsch, J.S. "The Pleasure Deficit: Revisiting the Yellow Rain? - Systematic Reanalysis in a Chemical-and-Biological 'Sexuality Connection' in Reproductive Health." Perspectives on Sexual Weapons Use Investigation." Politics and the Life Sciences, 26(1):24- and Reproductive Health, 39(4):240-247. 2007. 42. 2007. Higgins, J.A., and Hirsch, J.S. "The Pleasure Deficit: Revisiting the Kempner, J. "Gendering Pain: Lessons Learned From a Case Study of 'Sexuality Connection' in Reproductive Health." International Family Cluster Headache.” Presented at the Institute of Health, Health Care Planning Perspectives, 33(3):133-139. 2007. Policy and Aging Research. Rutgers University, NJ. November, 2007. Higgins, J.A., and Hirsch, J.S. "Pleasure and Power: Incorporating Kempner, J. "Politics and Censorship in Science: How Much is There Sexuality, Agency, and Inequality into Research on Contraceptive Use and What Should We Do About It?” Presented at the Center for and Unintended Pregnancy." American Journal of Public Health. Bioethics. University of Pennsylvania. October, 2007. Forthcoming. Kempner, J. "Forbidden Knowledge: The Phenomenology of Scientific Higgins, J.A., and Browne, I. "Perceptions of Sexual Needs and Sexual Inaction.” Presented at the Culture & Interaction Group. University Control: How "Doing" Class and Gender Influences Sexual Risk of Pennsylvania. January, 2008. Taking." Journal of Sex Research. Forthcoming. Kempner, J., Frickel, S., Gibbon, S., Howard, J., Ottinger, G., and Hess, Higgins, J.A., Hirsch, J.S., and Trussell, J. "Pleasure, Prophylaxis, and D. "What's To Be Done With Undone Science?" Science, Technology Procreation: A Qualitative Analysis of Intermittent Contraception Use and Human Values. Forthcoming. and Unintended Pregnancy." Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. Forthcoming. Kimbro, R., Brooks-Gunn, J., and McLanahan, S. "Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Children's Overweight and Obesity Among 3-Year- Hofferth, S., Cabrera, N., Carlson, M., Coley, R., Day, R., and Old Children." Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4):298-305. 2007. Schindler, H. "Resident Father Involvement and Social Fathering.” In Handbook of Measurement Issues in Family Research, edited by S.L. Kimbro, R.T., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Children's Hofferth, and L.E. Casper. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Overweight and Obesity at Age Three: Examining Racial and Ethnic Associates. 2007. Differentials." American Journal of Public Health, 97:298-305. 2007. Hoffman, S., Cooper, D., Ramjee, G., and Higgins, J.A. "Microbicide Kimbro, R., Tolbert, R., Bzostek, S.H., Goldman, N., and Rodriguez, Aceptability: Insights for Future Directions from Providers and Policy G. "Race, Ethnicity, and the Education Gradient in Health." Health Makers." AIDS Education & Prevention, 20(2):188-202. 2008. Affairs, 27:361-372. 2008. Hout, M. "Maximally Maintained Inequality Revisited: Irish Kimbro, R.T., Lynch, S.M., and McLanahan, S.S. "The Influence of Educational Stratification in Comparative Perspectives.” In Changing Acculturation on Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration for Mexican- Ireland in International Comparison, edited by B. Hilliard, and M.N. Americans." Population Research and Policy Review. Forthcoming. Phadraig. Dublin: Liffey Press. 2007. Kimbro, R.T., Lynch, S.M., and McLanahan, S.S. "The Acculturation Hout, M. "Inequality Within and Among American Protestant Hypothesis and the Hispanic Paradox: Breastfeeding in the Fragile Denominations.” Presented at the International Sociological Families Sample." Population Research and Policy Review. Forthcoming. Association Research Committee on Stratification and Mobility. Knab, J.T. "The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Bruno, CZ. May, 2007. Marriage.” Presented at the Ten Years After: Evaluating the Long- Hout, M., and Moodie, B. "The Realignment of U.S. Presidential Term Effects of Welfare Reform on Children, Families, Welfare, and Voting, 1948-2004.” In The Inequality Reader: Contemporary and Work. University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research, Foundational Readings in Race, Class, and Gender, edited by D. Lexington, KY. 2007. Grusky, and S. Szelenyi. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 2007. Knab, J.T., Garfinkel, I., McLanahan, S.S., Moiduddin, E.M., and Hout, M. "How Class Works in Popular Conception: Most Americans Osborne, C. "The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Identify with the Class Their Income, Occupation, and Education the Incidence of Marriage Following a Non-Marital Birth.” In Welfare Implies for Them.” In Social Class: How Does it Work?, edited by A. Reform and it s Long-Term Consequences for America's Poor, edited by Lareau, and D. Conley. Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. J.P. Ziliak. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Forthcoming. Hout, M. "Otis Dudley Duncan's Major Contributions to the Study of Social Stratification." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Knab, J.T., McLanahan, S.S., and Garfinkel, I. "The Effects of Welfare Vol. 26. Forthcoming. and Child Support Policies on Maternal Health and Wellbeing.” In The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Maternal Health Hu, P., Wagle, N., Goldman, N., Weinstein, M., and Seeman, T. "The and Wellbeing, edited by Schoeni, House, Kaplan, and Pollack. New Associations between Socioeconomic Status, Allostatic Load, and York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. Measures of Health in Older Taiwanese Persons: Taiwan Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study." Journal of Biosocial Kost, K., Singh, S., Vaughan, B., Trussell, J., Bankole, A., and Jones, R. Science, 39:545-556. 2007. "Estimates of Contraceptive Failure from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth." Contraception, 77(1):10-21. 2008. Imai, K., and Soneji, S. "On the Estimation of Disability-Free Life Expectancy: Sullivan's Method and Its Extension." Journal of the Kost, K., Singh, S., Vaughan, B., Trussell, J., Bankole, A., and Jones, R. American Statistical Association. Forthcoming. "Estimates of Contraceptive Failure from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth." Contraception, 78(1). In press.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 59 2007 Publications

Krueger, A.B. What Makes a Terrorist. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Lleras-Muney, A., and Lichtenberg, F. "The Effect of Education on University Press. 2007. Medical Technology Adoption: Are the More Educated More Likely to Use New Drugs?" Annals d'Economie et Statistique in memory of Zvi Krueger, A.B. "Are We Having Fun Yet? Categorizing and Evaluating Griliches, Special Issue. Forthcoming. Changes in Time Allocation." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2(38):193-218. 2007. Loisel, D., Rockman, M., Wray, G., Altmann, J., and Alberts, S.C. "Ancient Polymorphism and Functional Variation in the Primate Krueger, A.B., Athey, S., Katz, L., Levitt, S., and Poterba, D. "What MHC-DQA1 5' Cis-regulatory Region." Proceedings of the National Does Performance in Graduate School Predict? Graduate Economics Academy of Sciences. In press. Education and Student Outcomes." American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 97(2):512-518. 2007. Long, M., C., and Tienda, M. "Winners and Losers: Changes in Texas University Admissions Post-Hopwood." Education Evaluation and Krueger, A.B., and Karlan, D. "Some Simple Analytics of Slave Policy Review. Forthcoming . Redemption.” In Buying Freedom: The Ethics and Economics of Slave Redemption, edited by K.A. Appiah, and M. Bunzl. Princeton, NJ: Lundberg, S., McLanahan, S.S., and Rose, E. "Child Gender and Father Princeton University Press. 2007. Involvement in Fragile Families." Demography, 44(1):79-92. 2007. Krueger, A.B., and Laitin, D. "Kto Kogo?: A Cross-Country Study of Lynch, C.R., Khandekar, S., Lynch, S.M., and DiSario, J., A. the Origins and Targets of Terrorism.” Pp. 148-173, in Terrorism and "Sublingual L-Hyoscyamine for Duodenal Antimotility During Economic Development, edited by P. Keefer, and N. Loayza. ERCP: A Prospective Randomized Double Blinded Study." Cambridge University Press. 2008. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 66(4):748-752. 2007. Krueger, A.B., and Stone, A.A. "Assessment of Pain: A Community- Lynch, S.M. Introduction to Applied Bayesian Statistics and Modern Based Diary Survey in the USA." The Lancet, 371:1519-1525. 2008. Estimation for Social Scientists. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. 2007. Krueger, A.B., and Connolly, M. "Rockonomics: The Economics of Lynch, S.M. "The Changing Role of Socioeconomic Status in Popular Music.” In Handbook of Arts and Culture. Amsterdam, North Explaining Black-White Disparities in Healthy Life Over the Last Holland. Forthcoming. Three Decades.” Presented at the California Center for Population Research. Los Angeles, CA. November, 2007. Krueger, A.B., and Fifer, M. "Using a Web-Based Questionnaire as an Aide for High School Economics Instruction." Journal of Economic Lynch, S.M. "The Changing Role of Socioeconomic Status in Education. Forthcoming. Explaining Black-White Disparities in Healthy Life Over the Last Three Decades.” Presented at the CUNY Institute for Demographic Krueger, A.B., and Schkade, D. "Sorting in the Labor Market: Do Research. New York, NY. October, 2007. Gregarious Workers Flock to Interactive Jobs?" Journal of Human Resources. Forthcoming. Lynch, S.M. "Change in the Relationship Between Education and Health.” Presented at the Center for Inequality and the Life Course. Krueger, A.B., and Schkade, D. "The Reliability of Subjective Well- New Haven, CT. May, 2007. Being Measures." Journal of Public Economics. Forthcoming. Lynch, S.M. "The Changing Role of SES in Explaining Black-White Lacy, K., and Harris, A. "Breaking the Class Monolith: Understanding Disparities in Healthy Life Across Time Since the Civil Rights Class Differences in Black Adolescents' Attachment to Racial Movement.” Presented at the Institute for Health, Health Care Policy Identity.” In Social Class: How does it Work?, edited by D. Conley, and and Aging Research. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. A. Lareau. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. April, 2007. Land, K.C., Lamb, V.L., Meadows, S.O., and Taylor, A. "Measuring Lynch, S.M. "Multistate Life Table Distributions fro Highly Refined Trends in Child Well-Being: An Evidence-Based Approach." Social Subpopulations from Cross-Sectional Data: A Bayesian Alternative to Indicators Research, 80(1):105-132. 2007. Sullivan's Method.” Presented at the Joint Statistical Meetings of the Lewis, V. "Social Energy and Racial Segregation in the University American Statistical Association. Salt Lake city, UT. 2007. Context." Social Science Quarterly. Forthcoming. Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. "Race, Ethnicity, and Aging.” Pp. 204- Lin, I., and McLanahan, S. "Parental Beliefs About Nonresident Fathers' 208, in Encyclopedia for Health and Aging, edited by K.S. Markides. Obligations and Rights." Journal of Marriage and Family, 69:382-398. Thousand Oaks, CA: Russell Sage Foundation. 2007. 2007. Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. "An Alternative to Sullivan's Method for Lin, I.-F., and McLanahan, S.S. "Gender Differences in Perceptions of Estimating Multistate Life Quantities from Cross-Sectional Data.” Paternal Responsibility." Journal of Marriage and the Family, 69:382- Presented at the Gerontological Association of America Annual 398. 2007. Meeting. San Francisco, CA. 2007. Lleras-Muney, A., and Dehejia, R. "Financial Development and Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. "Regional Variation in Healthy Life Pathways of Growth: State Branching and Deposit Insurance Laws in Expectancy in the U.S.: Patterns and Explanations.” Presented at the the United States from 1900 to 1940." Journal of Law and Economics, Réseau Espérance de vie en Santé - Network on Health Expectancy. 50(2):239-272. 2007. St. Petersberg, FL. 2007. Lleras-Muney, A., and Cutler, D. "Education and Health: Evaluating Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. "Including Covariates and Constructing Theories and Evidence.” In The Effects of Social and Economic Policy Interval Estimates of Multistate Life Table Quantities Using Cross- on Health, edited by J. House, R. Schoeni, G. Kaplan, and H. Sectional Data: An Alternative to Sullivan's Method.” Presented at the Pollack. Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. March, 2007.

60 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Lynch, S.M. "The Demography of Disability.” In International Massey, D. "Assimilation in a New Geography.” In New Faces in New Handbook of the Demography of Aging, edited by P. Uhlenberg. New Places: The Changing Geography of American Immigration, edited by D. York, NY: Springer. Forthcoming. Massey. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2008. Lynch, S.M. "Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health Across the Life Massey, D. "Origins of Economic Disparities: Historical Role of Course: Introduction to the Special Issue." Research on Aging. Housing Segregation.” Pp. 37-78, In Segregation: The Rising Costs for Forthcoming. America, edited by J. Carr, N.K. Kutty, and S.L. Smith. New York, NY: Routledge. 2008. Lynne, S.D., Graber, J.A., Nichols, T.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Botvin, G.J. "Links Between Pubertal Timing, Peer Influences, and Massey, D. "The Political Economy of Migration in an Era of Externalizing Behaviors among Urban Students Followed Through Globalization.” In International Migration and Human Rights: The Middle School." Journal of Adolescent Health, 40:181E187-181E113. Global Repercussions of US Policy, edited by S. Martinez. Berkeley, CA: 2007. University of California Press. 2008. Martin, A., Ryan, R.M., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "The Joint Influence of Massey, D., and Capoferro, C. "The Geographic Diversification of U.S. Mother and Father Parenting on Child Cognitive Outcomes at Age Immigration.” In New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of 5." Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 22:423-439. 2007. American Immigration, edited by D. Massey. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2008. Massey, D. "Forward.” Pp. xi-xii, In Latinas/os in the United States: Changing the Face of América, edited by H. Rodríguez, R. Sáenz, and Massey, D.S. New Faces in New Places: The New Geography of American C. Menjívar. New York, NY: Springer. 2007. Immigration. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2008. Massey, D. "Toward a Comprehensive Model of International Massey, D.S. The Moynihan Report Revisited: Lessons and Reflections after Migration.” In Migration and Development: International Migration of Four Decades, edited by D.S. Massey, and R.J. Sampson. Population-Russia and Contemporary World. Moscow, Russia: MAX Philadelphia, PA: American Academy of Political and Social Science. Press. 2007. 2008. Massey, D., and Durand, J. "Las Peculiaridades de un Modelo: La Massey, D.S., and Hirschman, C. "People and Places: The New Migración México-Estados Unidos.” Pp. 109-126, In Identidad y American Mosaic.” In New Faces in New Places: The Changing Diversidad, edited by V. Zúñig. Monterrey, Mexico: Fondo Editorial Geography of American Immigration, edited by D. Massey. New York, de Nuevo León. 2007. NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2008. Massey, D., and Fernandez-Kelly, P. "Borders for Whom? The Role of Massey, D. "American Apartheid.” In Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and NAFTA in Mexico-U.S. Migration." Annals of the American Academy Society, edited by R.T. Schaefer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage of Political and Social Science, 610:98-119. 2007. Publications. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S. "Understanding America's Immigration Crisis." American Massey, D., and Casciano, R. "Neighborhoods, Employment, and Philosophical Society Proceedings, 151(3):309-327. 2007. Welfare Use: Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Composition." Social Science Research. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S. "The Political Economy of Migration in an Era of Globalization.” In National Security and International Migration: The Massey, D., and Clampet-Lundquist, S. "Neighborhood Effects on Global Repercussions of U.S. Policy, edited by S. Martinez. Berkeley, Economic Self-Sufficiency: A Reconsideration of the Moving to CA: University of California Press. 2007. Opportunity Experiment." American Journal of Sociology. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S. "Borderline Madness: America's Counterproductive Immigration Policy.” Pp. 129-138, In The Immigration Debate: A Massey, D., and Ehrmann, N. "Gender-Specific Effects of Ecological Multidisciplinary Approach, edited by C.M. Swain. New York, NY: Segregation on College Achievement." Social Science Research. Cambridge University Press. 2007. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S., and Espinoza Higgins, M. "What Role Does Religion Play Massey, D., Kalter, F., and Pren, K. "Structural Economic Change and in the Migration Process? and Vice-Versa?: Evidence from the New International Migration from Mexico and Poland." Kölner Zeitschrift Immigrant Survey.” Presented at the Population Association of für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Forthcoming. America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007. Massey, D., and Pérez, S.M. "Immigration and Democratization in Massey, D.S., and Fischer, M.J. "The Effects of Affirmative Action in Latin America: Crossing the Mexico-U.S. Border.” In Higher Education." Social Science Research, 36:531-549. 2007. Democratizations: Comparisons, Confrontations, Contracts, edited by J.V. Ciprut. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S., and Mooney, M. "The Effects of America's Three Affirmative Action Programs on Academic Performance." Social Massey, D.S. "The Origins of African American Segregation in U.S. Problems, 54:99-117. 2007. Urban Areas.” In A History of Housing Discrimination: An Examination of Barriers and Efforts to Achieve an Inclusive Society, Massey, D.S., Mooney, M., Charles, C.Z., and Torres, K. "Black edited by J. Carr, and E. Rosenbaum. Washington, DC: Fannie Mae Immigrants and Black Natives Attending Selective Colleges and Foundation. Forthcoming. Universities in the United States." American Journal of Education, 113(2):243-271. 2007. Massey, D.S. New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of American Immigration. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Massey, D.S., and Sanchez, M. "Latino and American Identities as Forthcoming. Perceived by Immigrants." Qualitative Sociology, 30:81-108. 2007. Massey, D.S. "Immigration and Equal Opportunity.” In The Poor Young Massey, D.S. Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. Black Man: The Case for National Action, edited by E. Anderson. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2007. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Forthcoming.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 61 2007 Publications

Massey, D.S. "The Racialization of Mexicans in the United States: Racial Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Family Stratification in Theory and Practice." Migración y Desarrollo. Structure and Maternal Health Trajectories.” Presented at the Forthcoming. Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007. Massey, D.S. "Miracles on the Border: The Votive Art of Mexican Migrants to the United States.” In Art in the Lives of Immigrant Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Parental Communities in the United States, edited by P. DiMaggio, and P.F. Depression and Anxiety and Early Childhood Behavior Problems Kelly. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Forthcoming. Across Family Types." Journal of Marriage and the Family, 69(5):1162-1177. 2007. Massey, D.S. "The Legacy of Robin Williams in the Short 21st Century." Sociological Forum. Forthcoming. Meadows, S.O. "Family Structure and Fathers' Well-Being: Trajectories of Mental and Physical Health.” Presented at the Population Massey, D.S., Charles, C.Z., Fischer, M.J., and Mooney, M. Taming the Association of America Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA. River: Negotiating the Academic, Financial, and Social Currents in April, 2008. America's Selective Colleges and Universities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Forthcoming. Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Family Structure Changes and Maternal Health Trajectories." American Sociological Massey, D.S., Durand, J., and Riosmena, F. "Social Capital, Social Review. Forthcoming. Policy, and Migration from Traditional and New Sending Communities in Mexico." Revista Española de Estudios Sociológiocos. Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Stability and Forthcoming. Change in Family Structure and Maternal Health Trajectories." American Sociological Review. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S., and Ehrmann, N. "Gender-Specific Effects of Ecological Conditions on College Achievement." Social Science Research. Mishell Jr., D.R., Guillebaud, J., Carolyn, W., Nelson, A., Kaunitz, Forthcoming. A.M., Trussell, J., and Davis, A.J. "Combined Hormonal Contraceptive Trials: Variable Data Collection and Bleeding Massey, D.S., and Fernández-Kelly, P. "Border for Whom? The Role of Assessment Methodologies Influence Study Outcomes and Physician NAFTA in Mexico-U.S. Migration." Annals of the American Academy Perception." Contraception, 75(1):4-10. 2007. of Political Sciences. Forthcoming. Mishell Jr., D.R., Guillebaud, J., Westhoff, C., Nelson, A., Kaunitz, Massey, D.S., and Moiduddin, E.M. "How Neighborhood Disadvantage A.M., Trussell, J., and Davis, A.J. "Recommendations for Reduces Birth Weight: The Mediating Effects of Neighborhood Standardization of Data Collection and Analysis of Bleeding in Danger and Negative Coping Behaviors." International Journal of Combined Hormone Contraceptive Trials." Contraception, Conflict and Violence. Forthcoming. 75(1):11-15. 2007. Massey, D.S., and Mooney, M. "The Academic Consequences of Moreau, C., Bouyer, J., Rodríguez, G., and Trussell, J. "Contraceptive America's Three Affirmative Action Programs." Social Problems. Failure Rates in France: Results from a Population Based Survey.” Forthcoming. Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. Massey, D.S., and Pèrez, S.M. "Immigration and Democratization: New York, NY. March, 2007. Crossing the Mexico-U.S. Border.” In Democratizations, edited by J.V. Moreau, C., Cleland, K., and Trussell, J. "Contraceptive Ciprut, and H. Tuney. Albany, NY: State University of New York Discontinuation Attributed to Method Dissatisfaction in the United Press. Forthcoming. States." Contraception, 76(4):267-272. 2007. Maynard, R., Lauver, S., Ritter, G., and Alberino, C. "Extended Moreau, C., Trussell, J., Gilbert, F., Bajos, N., and Bouyer, J. "Oral Learning Opportunities for Philadelphia Students: Local Actions, Contraceptive Tolerance: Does the Type of Pill Matter?" Obstetrics and National Implications?" Journal of City and State Public Affairs. Gynecology, 109(6):1277-1285. 2007. Forthcoming. Moreau, C., Trussell, J., Rodríguez, G., Bajos, N., and Bouyer, J. McCabe, L.A., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "With a Little Help From My "Contraceptive Failure Rates in France: Results From a Population- Friends?: Self-Regulation in Groups of Young Children." Infant Based Survey." Human Reproduction, 22(9):2422-2427. 2007. Mental Health Journal, 28:584-605. 2007. Moreau, C., Bajos, N., and et l'équipe Cocon. "Les Logiques de McLanahan, S.S. "Single Mothers, Fragile Families.” In Ending Poverty: Prescription Contraceptive: de la Connaissance Médicale à la Norme How to Restore the American Dream, edited by J. Edwards, M. Procréative, Quelle Place Pour le Choix des Femmes?" Cahiers de Crain, and A. Kalleberg. New York, NY: The New Press. 2007. L'INED. In press. McLanahan, S.S., Amato, P., and Furstenberg, F. "Marriage Policy: Pro Moreau, C., Trussell, J., Michelot, F., Group, T.C., and Bajos, N. and Contra." Journal of American Public Policy and Management, "Emergency Contraception: Barrier of Bridge to Effective 26(4):951-964. 2007. Contraception? Results from a French National Study in the Context McLanahan, S.S., and Percheski, C. "Family Structure and the of Direct Pharmacy Access." American Journal of Public Health, Reproduction of Social Inequalities." Annual Review of Sociology. 98(10). In press. Forthcoming. Muschkin, C., and Beck, A.N. "Explaining Race Differences in Meadows, S.O. "Evidence of Parallel Pathways: Gender Similarity in the Academic Achievement: The Relative Contribution of Student, Peer, Impact of Social Support on Adolescent Depression and and School Characteristics.” Presented at the American Sociological Delinquency." Social Forces, 85(3):1143-1167. 2007. Association Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007.

62 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Nahmias, P. "Be Fruitful and Multiply: Changing Fertility Behavior and Niu, S.X., and Tienda, M. "Choosing Colleges: Identifying and the Role of Religion, Religiosity and Ethnicity.” Presented at the Modeling Choice Sets." Social Science Research, 37(2):416-433. 2008. Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007. Niu, S., Sullivan, T., and Tienda, M. "Minority Talent Loss and the Top 10% Law." Social Science Quarterly. Forthcoming. Nahmias, P., and Stecklov, G. "The Dynamics of Fertility Amongst Palestinians in Israel from 1980 to 2000." European Journal of Nomura, Y., Brooks-Gunn, J., Davey, C., Ham, J., and Fifer, W.P. "The Population, 23(10):71-99. 2007. Role of Perinatal Problems for Risk of Co-Morbid Psychiatric and Medical Disorders in Adulthood." Psychological Medicine, 37:1323- Nahmias, P. "Trends in the Prevalence of Overweight Among Women in 1334. 2007. Egypt.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA. 2008. Nomura, Y., Wickramaratne, P.J., Pilowskyb, D.J., Newcorn, J.H., Bruder, B., Davey, C., Fifer, W.P., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Weissman, Nahmias, P. "The Importance of Ethnicity: Fertility Behavior and M.M. "Low Birth Weight and Risk of Affective Disorders and Ethnicity in West Africa.” Presented at the Population Association of Selected Medical Illness in Offspring at High and Low Risk for America Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA. 2008. Depression." Comprehensive Psychiatry, (48):470-478. 2007. Neff, K., Cooper, C., E., and Woodruff, A.L. "Children's and Noonan, K., Reichman, N., Corman, H., and Dhaval, D. "Prenatal Adolescents' Developing Perceptions of Gender Inequality." Social Drug Use and the Production of Infant Health." Health Economics, Development, 16:682-699. 2007. 16(4):361-384. 2007. Newman, K.S. "Up and Out: When the Working Poor are Poor No Osborne, C., and Knab, J.T. "Work, Welfare, and Young Children's More.” Pp. 101-114, In Ending Poverty in America, edited by J. Health and Behavior in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Edwards, A. Kalleberg, and L. Hogshead. New York: The New Press. Study." Children and Youth Services Review, 29(6):762-781. 2007. 2007. Osborne, C., and McLanahan, S. "Partnership Instability and Child Newman, K.S. "Mass Murder: What Causes it? Can it Be Stopped? Wellbeing." Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4):1065-1083. 2007. School Rampage Shootings." Contexts:28-29. 2007. O'Sullivan, L., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "I Wanna Hold Your Hand": The Newman, K.S., and Aptekar, S. "Sticking Around: Delayed Departure Progression of Romantic and Sexual Behaviors in Adolescent from the Parental Nest in Western Europe and Japan.” In The Relationships." Perspectives in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Network on Transition to Adulthood, edited by S. Danziger, and C. 39:100-1007. 2007. Rouse. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2007. Owens, J.J. "Academic Aspirations and College Academic Performance.” Newman, K.S., and Chen, V.T. The Missing Class: The Near Poor Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting Experience in Modern America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. 2007. Boston, MA. August 2008. Newman, K.S., and Chen, V.T. "The Missing Class: The Near Poor." Owens, J.J. "The Changing Drivers of Federal Higher Education Poverty and Race, 16(6):3-8. 2007. Funding Programs in the United States." Midwest Political Science Association. Chicago, IL. 2008. Newman, K.S., and Deshpande, A. "Where the Path Leads: The Role of Caste in Post-University Employment Expectations." Economic and Pager, D. "Two Strikes and You're Out: The Intensification of Racial and Political Weekly, 42(42):4133-4140. 2007. Criminal Stigma.” In Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-Industrial America, edited by D. Weiman, S. Newman, K.S., and Jodkha, S. "In the Name of Globalization: Bushway, and M. Stoll. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Meritocracy, Productivity and the Hidden Language of Caste." 2007. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(42):4125-4132. 2007. Pager, D. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Newman, K.S., and Thorat, S. "Caste and Economic Discrimination Incarceration. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 2007. Causes, Consequences, and Remedies." Economic and Political Weekly, 42(42):4121-4124. 2007. Pager, D. "The Use of Field Experiments for Studies of Employment Discrimination: Contributions, Critiques, and Directions for the Newman, K.S., and Jacobs, E. "Brothers' Keepers? The Limits of New Future." Annals of the American Academy of Political Sciences, Deal Social Solidarity.” In What Do We Owe Each Other: Rights and 609:104-133. 2007. Obligations in Contemporary American Society, edited by H. Rosenthal, and D. Rothman. Transaction Press. In press. Pager, D., and Shepherd, H. "The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit and Consumer Newman, K.S., and Murphy, A. "Children's Gainful Work: Historical Markets." Annual Review of Sociology, 34:181-209. 2008. and Cultural Perspectives.” In Chicago Companion to the Child, edited by R. Shweder. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. In press. Paxson, C., and Schady, N. "Cognitive Development among Young Children in Ecuador: The Roles of Wealth, Health and Parenting." Niu, S.X., and Tienda, M. "College Choice and the Texas Top 10% Journal of Human Resources, 42(1):49-84. 2007. Law: A Regression Discontinuity Approach.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. Percheski, C. "Family Structure, Partner Characteristics, and Mothers' March, 2007. Employment Trajectories Following the Birth of a Child.” Presented at the Inter-Ivy Sociology Symposium. Brown University, Providence, Niu, S.X., and Tienda, M. "Admission Regimes and Minority Student RI. April, 2007. Academic Performance: Lessons from UT-Austin.” Presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. New Percheski, C. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship York, NY. 2007. between Income Inequality and Family Structure: A Cohort Analysis.” Presented at the Population Association of American Annual Meeting. New York, NY. 2007.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 63 2007 Publications

Percheski, C., and Wildeman, C. "Transitions to Fatherhood among Radford, A.W., and Espenshade, T.J. "Transcending Race? The Social Men in Marital, Cohabiting and Non-Residential Relationships: Relations of Individuals with Black and White Parentage.” Presented Variations in Employment Trajectories.” Presented at the American at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. New York, Sociological Association Annual Meeting. New York, NY. NY. 2007. August, 2007. Raymond, E., Trussell, J., and Polis, C. "Population Impact of Increased Percheski, C. "Influences of Family Structure and Partner Characteristics Access to Emergency Contraceptive Pills: A Systematic Review." on Mothers' Employment Trajectories.” Presented at the Population Obstetrical and Gynecology, 109(1):181-188. 2007. Association of America Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA. 2008. Raymond, E., Trussell, J., and Polis, C. "Population Effect of Increased Percheski, C., and Wildeman, C. "Becoming a Dad: Employment Access to Emergency Contraceptive Pills: A Systematic Review." Trajectories of Married, Cohabiting, and Non-Resident Fathers." Obstetrics & Gynecology, 109(1):181-188. 2007. Social Science Quarterly, 26:482-501. 2008. Rigby, E., Ryan, R.M., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Child Care Quality in Percheski, C. "Opting Out? Cohort Differences in Professional Women's Different State Policy Contexts." Journal of Policy Analysis and Employment Rates from 1960 to 2005." American Sociological Review. Management, 26(4):887-907. 2007. Forthcoming. Robinson, K., and Harris, A. "Punitive v. Non-Punitive Parenting: Philipsen, N., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Overweight and Obesity in Racial Differences in Parental Responses to Poor School Childhood.” Pp. 125-146, In Handbook Childhood Behavioral Issues: Achievement.” Presented at the Society for Research in Child Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment, Development Biennial Meeting. Boston, MA. March, 2007. edited by T.P. Gullotta, and G.M. Blau. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2008. Rodríguez, G. "Multilevel Generalized Linear Models.” In Handbook of Quantitative Multilevel Modeling, edited by J.d. Leeuw, and I. Kreft. Plotnick, R.D., Inhoe, K., Garfinkel, I., and McLanahan, S.S. "The New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Forthcoming. Impact of Child Support Enforcement Policy on Nonmarital Childbearing." The Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Rose, D., Schneider, D., and Tufano, P. "H&R Block's Refund 26(1):79-98. 2007. Anticipation Loans: Perilous Profits at the Bottom of the Pyramid?” In Business Solutions for the Global Poor, edited by V.K. Rangan, J. Portes, A., Escobar, C., and Radford, A.W. "Immigrant Transnational Quelch, and G. Herrero. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass. 2007. Organizations and Development: A Comparative Study." International Migration Review, 41:242-281. 2007. Roth-Herbst, J.L., Borgerly, C.J., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Developing Indicators of Confidence, Character, and Caring in Adolescence.” Pp. Portes, A. "The New Latin Nation: Immigration and the Hispanic 167-196, in Key Indicators of Child and Youth Well-Being: Completing Population of the United States.” In Companion to Latino Studies, the Picture, edited by B.V. Brown. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. edited by J. Flores, and R. Rosaldo. Oxford, UK: Blackwell 2008. Publishers. Forthcoming. Rubalcava, L., Teruel, G., Thomas, D., and Goldman, N. "The Healthy Portes, A. Immigration and the International System: Transnationalism, Migrant Effect: New Findings from the Mexican Family Life Survey." Entrepreneurship, and the Second Generation. Lisbon: Fim do Seculo American Journal of Public Health, 98(78-84). 2008. Editores. Forthcoming. Rubalcava, L., Teruel, G., Thomas, D., and Goldman, N. "Do Healthier Portes, A. "Migration and Development: A Conceptual Review of the Mexicans Migrate to the United States? New Findings from the Evidence." Annals of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Mexican Family Life Survey." American Journal of Public Health. Forthcoming. Forthcoming. Portes, A. "Un Dialogo Norte-Sur: El Progreso de la Teoria en el Estudio Ryff, C.D., and Singer, B. "What to do about Positive and Negative de la Migracion Internacional.” In Migraciones Internacionales: Items in Studies of Psychological Well-Being and Ill-Being." Perspectivas Comparativas, edited by M. Ariza, and A. Portes. Mexico Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76:61. 2007. City: National Autonomous University of Mexico Press. Forthcoming. Ryff, C.D., and Singer, B. "Know Thyself and Become What You Are: A Portes, A., and Shafer, S. "Revisiting the Enclave Hypothesis: Miami Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-Being." Journal of Twenty-Five Years Later." Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Happiness Studies, 9(1):13-39. 2008. Vol. 25. Forthcoming. Salem, R. "His Resources, Her Resources: Changing Contributions to Postlethwaite, D., Trussell, J., Zoolakis, A., Shaber, R., and Petitti, D. "A the Marriage Fund in Egypt and Their Impact on Women's Well- Comparison of Contraceptive Procurement Pre- and Post-Benefits Being.” Presented at the Middle East Studies Association of America. Change." Contraception, 76(5):360-365. 2007. Montreal, Canada. 2007. Potere, D. "Six Global Maps of Urban Land Cover - Comparison and Salem, R. "Bride-Price to Dowry: Determinants of Marriage Payments Validation.” Presented at the Population Association of America in Rural Bangladesh." Population Association of America. New Orleans, Annual Meeting. New York, NY. March 2007. LA. 2008. Potere, D., Feierabend, N., Strahler, A., and Bright, E. "Wal-Mart from Salem, R., and Langsten, R. "Two Approaches to Measuring Women's Space: A New Land Cover Change Validation Product." Work in Developing Countries: A Comparison from Egypt." Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. Forthcoming. Population and Development Review. Forthcoming. Potere, D., Woodcock, C., Schneider, A., Baccini, A., and Ozdogon, M. Sanbonmatsu, L., Kling, J.R., Duncan, G.L., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "Forest Clearing along the Appalachian Trail Corridor." "New Kids on the Block: Results from the Moving to Opportunity Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. Forthcoming. Experiment." Education Next, 7:60-66. 2007.

64 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Sanchez, M. "Free Trade and Latin America: Echoes and Repercussions Slama, R., Moreau, C., and Spira, A. "Quels Couples Choisissent de for International Migration.” In Labor in the Americas: Issues Facing Médicaliser une Difficulté à Procréer?" Cahiers de L'INED. In press. Economic and Integration and Free Trade, edited by P. Paiva, R. Marshall, and R.H. Wilson. Austin, Texas: University of Texas, Smith, K.V., and Goldman, N. "Socioeconomic Differences in Health Austin. 2007. among Older Adults in Mexico." Social Science and Medicine, 65:1372-1385. 2007. Sanchez, M., and Massey, D.S. "Percepción de la Identidad Latina y Americana por Parte de los Immigrantes Latinos en Estados Unidos.” Smith, K.V., and Sulzbach, S. "Community Health Insurance and Access In El Pais Transnacional Migración Mexicana y Cambio Social a Través to Maternal Health Services: Evidence from Three West African del la Frontera, edited by M. Arizo, and A. Portes. Mexico: Instituto Countries." Social Science and Medicine. Forthcoming. de Investigaciones Sociales UNAM. 2007. Smith-Simone, S., Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., and Eissenberg, T. Sanchez, M., and Pedrazzini, Y. "Relation d'une Expérience Sociale: "Waterpipe Use on U.S. College Campuses.” Presented at the Society Science ou (auto) - Fiction?" Nuvelles Practiques Sociales, 20(2). 2008. for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) Annual Meeting. Austin, TX. 2007. Sanchez, M. "Latino Youths: From Exclusion to International Migration." Urbana Institute de Urbanism. Forthcoming. Smith-Simone, S. Curbow, B., and Stillman, F. "Harm Perception of Nicotine Products in College Freshmen." Nicotine and Tobacco Schneider, D. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Research. In press. Coercion to Excitement." National Poverty Center Conference on Access, Assets, and Poverty. Washington, DC. 2007. Smith-Simone, S. Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., and Eissenberg, T. "Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Schneider, D. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Behavior in Two U.S. Samples." Nicotine and Tobacco Research. In Coercion to Excitement." Joint Center on Housing Studies Conference press. on Consumer Credit. Harvard University. 2007. Soneji, S. "The Future of Mortality: Demographic Implications to Social Schneider, D., and Tufano, P. "New Savings from Old Innovations: Asset Security Solvency.” Presented at the Population Association of Building for the Less Affluent.” In Community Economic Development America Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA. April, 2008. Finance, edited by J.S. Rubin. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. 2007. Soneji, S. "Disparities in Disability Life Expectancy in US Birth Cohorts: The Influence of Race and Sex." Social Biology. Schneider, D. "Being Poor in a "Charge it Society"." Letter to the Editor, Forthcoming. The New York Times. 2008. Spieker, S. Jolley, S., DeKlyen, M., Nelson, D.C., and Mennet, L. Schneider, D. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From "Continuity and Change in Unresolved Classifications of the Adult Coercion to Excitement." American Sociological Association Annual Attachment Interview Over Time.” In Attachment Disorganization Meeting. Boston, MA. 2008. (2nd Edition), edited by J. Solomon, and C. George. New York, NY: Guilford Press. In press. Schneider, D. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Coercion to Excitement." Institute for Research on Poverty Seminar Steiner, M., Trussell, J., Metha, N., Condon, S., Subramaniam, S., and Series. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 2008. Bourne, D. "Communicating Contraceptive Effectiveness: An Updated Counseling Chart." American Journal of Obstetrics and Shochet, T., and Trussell, J. "Determinants of Demand: Method Gynecology, 197(1):118. 2007. Selection and Provider Preference Among U.S. Women Seeking Abortion Services." Contraception, 77(6). In press. Teague, C.R. Dhabhar, F.S., Barton, R.H., Beckwith-Hall, B., Powell, J., Cobain, M., Singer, B., McEwen, B., Lindon, J.C., Nicholson, J.K., Silbergeld, J.L., and DeKlyen, M. "Introduction.” In The Family Model and Holmes, E. "Metabonomic Studies on the Physiological Effects of in Chinese Art and Culture, edited by J. Silbergeld, and D. Ching. Acute and Chronic Psychological Stress in Sprague-Dawley Rats." Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. In press. Journal of Proteome Research, 6:2080-2093. 2007. Singer, B., and Castro, M.C. "Bridges to Sustainable Tropical Health." Teitler, J., and Reichman, N. "Mental Illness as a Barrier to Marriage Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(41):16038-16043. among Mothers with Out-of-Wedlock Births.” Office of Population 2007. Research, Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Singer, B., and Ryff, C.D. "Viewpoint: Neglected Tropical Diseases, Wellbeing Working Paper No. 2007-01-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2007. Neglected Data Sources, and Neglected Issues." PLoS Neglected Teitler, J., Reichman, N., and Hamilton, E. "Do Neighborhood Poverty Tropical Diseases, 1(2):e104. 2007. and Racial Composition Affect Black Birthweight?” Presented at the Singer, B., Utzinger, J., Ryff, C.D., Wang, Y., and Holmes, E. Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. "Exploiting the Potential of Metabonomics in Large Population March 2007. Studies: Three Venues.” Pp. 289-325, In The Handbook of Teitler, J., Reichman, N., Nepomnyaschy, L., and Martinson, M. "A Metabonomics and Metabolomics, edited by J.C. Lindon, J.K. Cross-National Comparison of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Low Nicholson, and E. Holmes. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press. 2007. Birthweight in the United States and United Kingdom.” Presented at Slack, K.S., Magnuson, K., Berger, L.M., Yoo, J., Coley, R., Dunifon, the NICHD-NCES Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth R., Dworsky, A., Kalil, A., Knab, J.T., Lohman, B., and Osborne, C. Cohort (ECLS-B) First Release Conference on Child Health and "Family Economic Well-Being Following the 1996 Welfare Reform: Development. Bethesda, MD. May 2007. Trend Data from 5 Non-Experimental Panel Studies." Children and Youth Services Review, 29(6):698-720. 2007.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 65 2007 Publications

Tienda, M. "Diversity and the Demographic Dividend.” Pp. 48-73, in Trussell, J., Guthrie, K.A., and Cleland, K. "Monitoring Teenage The Price We Pay: Economic and Social Consequences of Inadequate Pregnancy in Hull: Bespoke Local Data Trump ONS Statistics." Education, edited by C. Belfield, and H. Levin. Washington, DC: British Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, Brookings Press. 2007. 34(2):75-77. 2008. Tienda, M. "Onda Nueva: Hispanic Demographic Dividend or Bulge at Trussell, J., and Wynn, L.L. "Reducing Unintended Pregnancy." the Bottom?” In Politics of Inclusion: Higher Education at a Crossroads, Contraception, 77(1):1-5. 2008. edited by J.C. Boyer, and S. Ort. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Forthcoming. Tsenkova, V.K., Love, G.D., Singer, B., and Ryff, C.D. "Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Well-Being Predict Cross-Time Change in Tienda, M., Alon, S., and Niu, S.X. "Affirmative Action and the Texas Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Older Women without Diabetes." Top 10% Admission Law: Balancing Equity and Access to Higher Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(8):777-784. 2007. Education." Sociétés Contemporaines. Forthcoming. Tsenkova, V.K., Love, G.D., Singer, B., and Ryff, C.D. "Coping and Tienda, M., Hotz, V.J., Ahituv, A., and Bellessa, M. "Employment and Positive Affect Predict Longitudinal Change in Glycosylated Wage Prospects of Black, White, and Hispanic Women.” In Human Hemoglobin." Health Psychology, 2(Suppl):163-171. 2008. Resource Economics and Public Policy: Essays in Honor of Vernon M. Briggs, Jr., edited by C.J. Whalen. Forthcoming. Tufano, P., and Schneider, D. "Using Financial Innovation to Support Savers: From Coercion to Excitement.” In Assets, Access, and Poverty, Tienda, M., and Sullivan, T.A. "The Promise and Peril of The Texas edited by M. Barr, and R. Blank. New York, NY: Russell Sage Uniform Admission Law.” In The Next Twenty Five Years? Affirmative Foundation. Forthcoming. Action and Higher Education in the United States and South Africa, edited by M. Hall, M. Krislov, and D.L. Featherman. Ann Arbor, MI: Tufano, P., and Schneider, D. "Using Financial Innovation to Support University of Michigan Press. Forthcoming. Savers." Focus. Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin- Madison. Forthcoming. Torres, K. "Black Like Who? Exploring the Racial, Ethnic, and Class Diversity of Black Students at Selective Colleges and Universities.” Turra, C.M., and Goldman, N. "Socioeconomic Differences in Mortality Presented at the Eastern Sociological Society Meetings. Philadelphia, among U.S. Adults: Insights into the Hispanic Paradox." Journal of PA. March 2007. Gerontology: Social Sciences, 62:S184-S192. 2007. Torres, K. "If You're a Black Person You Should at Least Understand Villanueva Dixon, S., Graber, J.A., and Brooks-Gunn, J. "The Roles of Where I'm Coming From. Segregation and the Intraracial Divide at Respect for Parental Authority and Parenting Practices in Parent- an Ivy League University.” Presented at the Sociology of Education Child Conflict among African American, Latino, and European Association. Pacific Grove, CA. February 2007. American Families." Journal of Family Psychology, 22:1-11. 2008. Torres, K. "Culture Shock: Black Students Account for their Wang, Y., Utzinger, J., Saric, J., Li, J.V., Burckhardt, J., Dimhofer, S., Distinctiveness at an Elite College." Ethnic and Racial Studies. Nicholson, J.K., Singer, B., Brun, R., and Holmes, E. "Global Forthcoming. Metabolic Responses of Mice to Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei Infection." Proceedings from the National Academy of Science, Tourangeau, R., Conrad, F., Arens, Z., Fricker, S., Lee, S., and Smith, E. 105(16):6127-6132. 2008. "Everyday Concepts and Classification Errors: Judgments of Disability and Residence." Journal of Official Statistics. Forthcoming. Western, B., Bloome, D., and Percheski, C. "Inequality among American Families with Children: 1975-2005." American Sociological Trussell, J. "Bleeding After Use of the Levonorgestrel Regimen of Review. Forthcoming. Emergency Contraception: Concordance between Women's Reports of their Menstrual Periods and an Objective Algorithm." Western, B., Kleykamp, M., and Rosenfeld, J. "Economic Inequality and Contraception, 75(1):32-36. 2007. the Rise in U.S. Imprisonment." Social Forces. Forthcoming. Trussell, J. "The Cost of Unintended Pregnancy in the United States." Western, B., and Wildeman, C. "The Black Family and Mass Contraception, 75(3):168-170. 2007. Incarceration." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Forthcoming. Trussell, J., and Cleland, K. "Levonorgestrel for Emergency Contraception." Expert Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Westoff, C.F. "Recent Trends in Rates of Sexual Activity in Sub-Saharan 2(5):565-576. 2007. Africa." Journal of Biosocial Science, 39(6):895-904. 2007. Trussell, J., and Guthrie, K. "Talking Straight about Emergency Westoff, C.F. "Immigration and Population Growth in the United Contraception." British Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive States.” Pp. 164-175, In Debating Immigration, edited by C. Swain. Health Care, 33(3):139-142. 2007. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. 2007. Trussell, J., and Raymond, E. "Emergency Contraception: A Cost- Westoff, C.F., and Frejka, T. "Religiousness and Fertility among Effective Approach to Preventing Unintended Pregnancy.” Pp. 252- European Muslims." Population and Development Review, 266, in Advances in Fertility Studies and Reproductive Medicine, edited 33(4):785-809. 2007. by T.F. Kruger, Z.M. Van Der Spuy, and R.D. Kempers. Cape Town, Westoff, C.F., and Serbanescu, F. "Abortion and Contraception in SA: Juta & Company Ltd. 2007. Georgia.” DHS Analytical Studies. Calverton, MD. In press. Trussell, J., Guthrie, K., and Bimla Schwarz, E. "Much Ado About Little: Obesity, Combined Hormonal Contraceptive Use, and Venous Thrombosis." Contraception, 77(3):143-146. 2008.

66 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Wildeman, C. "Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Wuthnow, R., and Lewis, V. "Religion and Foreign Policy Altruism: Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage.” Presented at the Evidence from a National Survey of Church Members." Journal for the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. New York, NY. Scientific Study of Religion. Forthcoming. August 2007. Wynn, L. "Sex Orgies, a Marauding Prince, and Other Urban Myths Wildeman, C. "Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the about Gulf Tourism in Egypt.” Presented at the Symposium: Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage.” Presented at the Cosmopolitanism in Modern Egypt. Middle East Center, University Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New York, NY. of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. February, 2007. March 2007. Wynn, L., Erdman, J., Foster, A.M., and Trussell, J. "Harm Reduction Wildeman, C. "Cohort Change in the Influence of Childhood Religious or Women's Rights: Debates Over Access to Emergency Attendance and Family Structure on Nonmarital Births.” Presented at Contraceptive Pills in Canada and the US." Studies in Family the Religion and Public Life Workshop. Princeton, NJ. 2007. Planning, 38(4):253-267. 2007. Wildeman, C. "Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Zajacova, A., Goldman, N., and Rodriguez, G. "Unobserved Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage.” Presented at the Office Heterogeneity and the Effect of Education on Mortality Across Age." of Population Research Notestein Seminar Series. Princeton, NJ. Mathematical Population Studies. Forthcoming. November, 2007. Wildeman, C. "Cohort Change in the Influence of Childhood Religious Attendance and Family Structure on Nonmarital Births.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. April, 2008. Wildeman, C. "Paternal Incarceration and Children's Aggressive Behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.” Presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. April, 2008. Wildeman, C. "Paternal Incarceration and Children's Aggressive Behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.” Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Boston, MA. August, 2008. Wildeman, C. "Paternal Incarceration and Children's Aggressive Behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.” Presented at the Aage Sorensen Memorial Conference. Oxford, England. April, 2008. Wildeman, C. "Conservative Protestantism and Paternal Engagement in Fragile Families." Sociological Forum. Forthcoming. Wildeman, C. "Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage." Demography. Forthcoming. Wildeman, C. "Soliciting Prayer for the Absent, Measuring Their Social Worth: Prayer Requests for the Deployed and the Incarcerated." Poetics. Forthcoming. Wildeman, C. "Incarceration: Adulthood.” In Encyclopedia of the Life Corse and Human Development, edited by D. Carr. Forthcoming. Wong, R., and Espinoza Higgins, M. "Salud de Adultos Mayores en un Contexto Socioeconómico Amplio: el Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Health among the Elderly within an Ample Socioeconomic Context: The Mexican Health and Aging Study)." Revista de Salud Pública de México, 48(7):1-1. 2007. Wong, R., and Espinoza Higgins, M. "Dynamics of Intergenerational Assistance in Middle- and Old-Age in Mexico.” Pp. 99-120, in The Health of Aging Hispanics: The Mexican-origin Population, edited by J.L. Angel, and K.E. Whitfield. Springer Verlag. 2007. Wu, J., Gipson, T., Chin, N., Wynn, L.L., Cleland, K., Morrison, C., and Trussell, J. "Women Seeking Emergency Contraceptive Pills via the Internet: A Mixed Methods Study." Obstetrical and Gynecology, 110(1):44-52. 2007.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 67 Training in Demography at Princeton

Degree Programs economics, or public affairs). Specific requirements include Demography has been a topic for graduate study at Princeton completion of the General Examination, a research paper of since the founding of the Office of Population Research in publishable quality, and the Ph.D. dissertation. The General 1936. There is a wide range of specializations encompassed by Examination consists of three examinations, usually taken the field, including substantive and methodological subjects over the course of two years, in which the student must in the social, mathematical, and biological sciences. OPR demonstrate proficiency in basic demographic theory and faculty associates’ broad teaching and research interests span methods as well as proficiency in two of the following fields the fields of population and environment, population and of concentration: migration, immigration, and urbanization; development, population policy, poverty and child wellbeing, health and mortality; population and development; social and economic demography, and statistical and population and the environment; health and population mathematical demography. Four levels of certification of policy; mathematical and statistical demography; and poverty graduate training in population studies are available. First, the and child wellbeing. More detailed information on degree Program in Population Studies offers a Ph.D. in demography requirements may be obtained from the Director of Graduate that is intended for students who wish to specialize in Studies or the administrator for the program. demography and receive additional training in technical and Departmental Degree with substantive areas. Second, the Program in Population Studies Specialization in Population offers a general examination in demography that is accepted The majority of students who study at the OPR are doctoral by the Departments of Economics, Politics, Sociology, and candidates in the Departments of Economics, Sociology, and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs as partial fulfillment of their degree requirements. Affairs who choose to specialize in population. To do so, they Those students who elect to specialize in population write must complete the general examination in demography and their dissertations on a demographic subject. Third, by write a dissertation on a demographic subject, supervised by completing additional requirements established by the program faculty, as part of their departmental requirements. program, a student may earn a joint degree in demography In some additional departments, such as History, Politics, or and one of the affiliated departments listed above. Fourth, Biology, the general examination in demography may also be the program offers a non-degree Certificate in Demography accepted as partial fulfillment of degree requirements, and upon completion of three graduate courses and a supervised students in these departments may also elect to write their research project. Applicants are usually enrolled MPA doctoral dissertations on a topic related to demography. The students from the Woodrow Wilson School. degree earned would be a Ph.D. in the discipline, e.g., Ph.D. in Demography Economics, Sociology, or Public Affairs. Application should A small number of entering graduate students with a strong be made to the relevant department, indicating Demography interest in population and a strong quantitative background, as the area of interest. often in statistics, mathematics, or environmental sciences Joint-Degree Program (though not limited to these fields), will be accepted into a Ph.D. candidates in good standing in the Departments of course of study leading to a Ph.D. in Demography. For the Economics, Sociology, or the Woodrow Wilson School of Program in Population Studies, applicants are required to Public and International Affairs may wish to do a joint submit scores from the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), and degree. The degree earned would be a Ph.D. in Economics for those students whose native language is not English and and Demography, Sociology and Demography, or Public who have not had advanced training at an English-speaking Affairs and Demography. Application should be made to the institution, the Test of English as a Foreign Language relevant department. To qualify for a joint degree, the student (TOEFL) is also required. Application should be made to must fulfill all home departmental requirements, including Population Studies (POP). As part of this program of passing the general examination in demography and writing a graduate training, students are required to demonstrate basic dissertation on a topic related to the study of population. In competence in mathematics and statistics, as well as mastery addition, the candidate for the joint degree must pass a general of demography and a related discipline (e.g., sociology,

68 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 examination in one additional specialized field of population system. The Coale Collection is considered to be the premier beyond what is required for the standard departmental collection of demographic material in the country. The highly degree. Permission to do the joint degree is obtained from the trained library staff provide superb support to students, Director of Graduate Studies for the Program in Population assisting them to conduct literature searches of all pertinent Studies. It is not necessary to apply for the joint degree as data bases, tracking and obtaining pertinent material through part of the application to Princeton. Instead, the decision to inter-library loans, and conducting training classes for apply for the joint degree is usually made by students during students who are interested in learning the latest technological their second or third year of study. advances in library science to assist them in their research.

Certificate in Demography The OPR is also home to the Bendheim-Thoman Center for The Office of Population Research, in connection with the Research on Child Wellbeing (CRCW); more information Program in Population Studies, offers a non-degree Certificate about CRCW can be found on the OPR website at in Demography to those who successfully complete four http://opr.princeton.edu. The OPR is also affiliated with the graduate courses in population studies ECO 571/SOC 531, Center for Health and Wellbeing (CHW) and the Center for ECO 572/SOC 532, WWS 587, and one other approved Migration and Development (CMD). More information population-related course). The first two are the basic about CHW can be found at http://wws.princeton.edu/~chw. graduate courses in demography: ECO 571/SOC 531 is For more information on CMD, see http://cmd.princeton.edu. offered in the fall semester and is a prerequisite for ECO These centers, which are all housed in Wallace Hall and fully 572/SOC 532, which is offered in the spring semester. WWS accessible and utilized by OPR graduate students and visiting 587 entails completion of a research project, which involves scholars, provide excellent funding and research opportunities, individual research under faculty supervision. A decision on conferences, and seminars. the fourth course is made together with the Director of There are a number of lecture series organized by OPR faculty Graduate Studies. Applicants are usually enrolled MPA and students. The Notestein Seminars is a weekly formal students from the Woodrow Wilson School. The certificate seminar given both by distinguished outside speakers and by program is intended primarily for training scholars from staff and students of the office. The students also organize other disciplines and does not lead to an advanced degree their own brown-bag seminar series in a less formal setting at Princeton. in which they present works in progress or discuss the Training Resources development of ideas for research topics. The CRCW hosts a Training opportunities at the Office of Population Research regular weekly working group luncheon, the CMD organizes are enhanced by the strength of its resources, such as The a colloquium series, and the CHW holds regular weekly Ansley J. Coale Population Research Collection in the afternoon lectures, as well as co-hosting seminars with other Donald E. Stokes Library, located in Wallace Hall, the home centers and programs. Conferences hosted by the various of OPR. It is one of the oldest demography libraries in the centers also provide excellent opportunities for trainees to world. Founded as OPR’s specialized research library, it is gain familiarity with both the most current research and the now a special library in the Princeton University Library leading researchers in the field.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 69 Training in Demography at Princeton

Courses constructing variables/summary indicators; strategies for POP 500 Mathematical Demography handling missing data; interpreting odds ratios, coefficients, Noreen Goldman relative risks; prediction/simulation as tools for interpreting Examines some of the ways in which mathematics and results; understanding interaction terms, clustered data, probability can be used to analyze population processes. robust estimation of standard errors, presenting results; Focus is on population models that have direct application effective use of tables/graphs; selectivity and endogeneity; in demography: survival models, stable and non-stable causal inferences. populations, population projections and models of marriage Demography & Epidemiology and birth. Offered in alternate years. Burton Singer POP 502 Health Care in Developing Countries Focuses on the interrelationships between human population Staff growth, migration, ecosystem structure, and disease This course examines the process of formulating health transmission. Particular emphasis given to integrating classical policies in developing countries by looking at both theory and demographic and historical materials with molecular genetic practical experience. Topics vary, and have included: the health evidence to refine our understanding of the origin and spread sector reform process and implementation, the 1994 Cairo of infectious diseases. Gene-environment interactions, with International Conference on Population and Development plan particular emphasis on social stratification, and their role in of action and its implementation, and the experience of setting chronic disease incidence and mortality also discussed. policies for specific health issues. Case studies from several Economics of Health developing countries highlighting their experience in Adriana Lleras-Muney implementing various health policies are presented. This course analyzes a wide variety of health care issues from POP 503 Evaluation of Demographic Research an economic perspective. The course starts a review of basic Noreen Goldman economic theory, review of basic empirical strategies in health This course is designed for graduate students who have some and an overview of the fundamental institutional aspects of experience in demographic research and demographic health care in the US. Some topics covered are: What are the methods. The objectives are to teach students to critically determinants of health? Do drug addicts behave rationally? examine how researchers tackle demographic research Do health insurance markets work as other markets? Should questions and to explore the construction of a dissertation the government regulate health care provision and insurance and a publishable quality research paper. markets? Why have health care cost risen and is it a problem? What have been the effects of managed care? Are physicians POP 504 Topics in Demography paid more than they deserve? Depending on student Staff preferences, additional topics may include: comparison of Examples of current and past topics include: health care systems across western countries, debate about the Controlling HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis proposed Clinton health care reform, etc. Burton Singer Immigration Workshop focuses on implementing national disease control Alejandro Portes plans within the developing world. The goal is to determine This course examines the determinants and consequences of what steps are needed to scale up a disease-control program migration and immigration in the United States. Theoretical (involving the federal government, the local government, and methodological issues are discussed, and immigration and health care providers, infrastructure, drug resistance, the clash migration are analyzed with reference to national and local between high-tech solutions vs. local ecological tools, and policy. Specific topics include demographic consequences in sustainability, etc.) in a developing country. the short and long run, the impact on regional economies, Data Analysis Workshop differential effects of legal and illegal immigration, political Germán Rodríguez implications, and cultural issues. Covers application of statistical methods in social science Poverty, Inequality and Health: Global and research. Emphasis is on hands-on data analysis and National Perspectives discussions of key techniques. Issues may include: Angus Deaton formulation of the research problem; choice of appropriate This is a course about global and national well-being, with a model, data extraction; merging/combining datasets; particular focus on economic well-being, income, and on

70 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 health. It explores what has happened to poverty, inequality, researchers in dealing with plagiarism, fraud, conflict over and health, both in the US, and internationally. We will authorial credit, and ownership of data. In addition, it discuss the conceptual foundations of national and global undertakes a broader inquiry into conceptions of professional measures of inequality, poverty, and health, the construction integrity, and the responsibilities that scientists have to their of the measures, and the extent to which they can be trusted. research subjects, to their students and apprentices, as well as We will also explore the links between health and income, to society at large. why poor people are less healthy and live less long than rich POP 507 Qualitative Research Methods people in the US and abroad, between rich and poor countries, over history, and as incomes and health have Patricia Fernández-Kelly Focuses on theoretical and qualitative research techniques. improved in parallel. Also examines the idea that income Instruction and supervised practice in qualitative methods of inequality is itself a health hazard. field research as a basic tool of the social sciences are provided. Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights An emphasis is placed on the role of the field researcher as James Trussell participant, observer, and interviewer in various kinds of Examines selected topics in reproductive health, with primary research settings, and on approaches to applications of field emphasis on contemporary domestic issues in the United data to policy analysis. States-such as unintended pregnancy, abortion, adolescent POP 508/WWS 598 Epidemiology pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infection-but within the context of the international agenda on reproductive rights Noreen Goldman Areas of focus include measurement of health status, illness established in the 1994 Cairo International Conference on occurrence, mortality and impact of associated risk factors; Population and Development. techniques for design, analysis and interpretation of Public Policy and the Demography of U.S. Minority Groups epidemiologic research studies; sources of bias and confounding; Marta Tienda and causal inference. Also includes foundations of modern Provides an overview of the changing demography of U.S. epidemiology, the epidemiologic transition, reemergence of minority groups and critically reviews theoretical perspectives infectious disease, social inequalities in health, and ethical of race and ethnic stratification. Attention is paid to issues. Examines the bridging of “individual-centered” immigration and its impact on U.S. population composition. epidemiology and “macro-epidemiology” to recognize social, Public policies that putatively address (or redress) race and economic and cultural context, assess impacts on populations, ethnic inequality, including equal opportunity, anti- and provides important inputs for public health and health policy. discrimination, affirmative action, and immigrant and POP 509 Survival Analysis refugee policies are evaluated. Germán Rodríguez POP 505/WWS 585 Population, Environment and Health This half-course offered in the first half of a spring term Burton Singer focuses on the statistical analysis of time-to-event or survival This course focuses on the interrelationships between the data. We introduce the hazard and survival functions; censoring demographic structure and dynamics of human populations, mechanisms, parametric and non-parametric estimation, and their physical and mental health, and the ecological systems comparison of survival curves. We cover continuous and with which they interact. Case studies include: agricultural discrete-time regression models with emphasis on Cox’s colonization of the Amazon basin of Brazil and the process of proportional hazards model and partial likelihood estimation. urbanization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; tradeoffs between We discuss competing risk models, unobserved heterogeneity, land use and health; migration, its environmental impact, and and multivariate survival models including event history the tension between public health and medicine in promoting analysis. The course emphasizes basic concepts and techniques the health of migrant populations; health consequences of as well as applications in social science research using the corporate globalization; macroeconomics and health; rice statistical package Stata. Prerequisite: WWS509 or equivalent. ecosystems and the tradeoffs between agricultural productivity POP 510 Multilevel Models and human health. Germán Rodríguez POP 506 Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity This half-course offered in the second half of a spring term Elizabeth Armstrong and Harold Shapiro provides an introduction to statistical methods for the analysis Examines the ethical issues arising in the context of scientific of multilevel data, such as data on children, families, and research. Evaluates the role and responsibilities of professional neighborhoods. We review fixed- and random-effects models

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 71 Training in Demography at Princeton

for the analysis of clustered and longitudinal data before (ethnography and in-depth interviews), and historical/ moving on to multilevel random-intercept and random-slopes comparative research; and 3) to teach students how to write a models. We discuss model fitting and interpretation, including research proposal, including how to formulate a researchable centering and estimation of cross-level interactions. We cover question, how to review and identify a gap in the existing models for continuous as well as binary and count data, literature, and how to select and describe an appropriate reviewing the different approaches to estimation in common research design. use, including Bayesian inference. The course emphasizes SOC 551 Ethnographic Tradition practical applications using the multilevel package MLwiN. Prerequisite: WWS509 or equivalent. Katherine S. Newman This course is the first in a sequence designed to train ECO 57l/SOC 53l Survey of Population Problems graduate students in ethnographic methods. This class Thomas Espenshade introduces students to classical and contemporary works of First part of basic two-course graduate sequence in demography. ethnography that exemplify the contributions this method has Survey of past and current trends in the growth of the made to sociological theory. Weekly readings are drawn from population of the world and of selected regions. Analysis of texts on topics such as the social ecology of the city, the study the components of growth and their determinants and of the of the self, race and ethnicity, organizational ethnography, social and economic consequences of population change. disasters, and social movements. Students who select to do original research papers over the course of the entire sequence ECO 572/SOC 532 Research Methods in Demography begin their preparation in this class. Germán Rodríguez Second part of basic two-course graduate sequence in SOC 573 Labor Force demography. The purpose of the course is to teach students Bruce Western to measure demographic rates and to model the consequences Two questions dominate research on the labor force: (1) who of these rates on population structure and growth. The course look for and get jobs; and (2) what sorts of jobs do people introduces the demographic approach to modeling: creating get. This course examines these questions by seeing how the age schedules of vital events from both a statistical and link between demography and labor market outcomes depend theoretical basis, modeling temporal change in age schedules, on the institutional context. We will particularly focus on and the matrix-based approach to population dynamics. how age, gender and fertility, ethnicity and immigration affect labor force participation and earnings under different ECO 573/WWS 567 Population and Development systems of training, social welfare, and labor relations. Christina Paxson Understanding the determinants and consequences of SOC 575 Urbanization and Development population change in developing countries and applying this Patricia Fernández-Kelly understanding to evaluate population policy. The course will Examines the origins, types, and characteristics of cities in begin by characterizing the empirical relationship between less developed countries and the ways in which patterns of economic development and demographic phenomenon: fertility, urbanization interact with policies to promote economic mortality, age structure, migration, education. Next, models of growth and social equity. Readings and class discussions economic development will be evaluated in terms of how they address three areas: a) a history of urbanization in the Third incorporate demographic phenomenon and their predictions for World; b) an analysis of contemporary urban systems, population growth, migration, children’s education, mortality. demographic patterns, and the social structure of large Third Finally, theory and evidence will be brought together to critically World cities; c) a review of the literature on urban dwellers evaluate the Programme of Action from the United Nations with emphasis on the poor and their political and social outlooks. International Conference on Population and Development (the SOC 598 Advanced Social Network Analysis Cairo Population Conference). Matthew J. Salganik SOC 503 Techniques and Methods of Social Science This seminar will cover advanced topics in social network Sara S. McLanahan analysis. Its goals will be to expose students on open This seminar has three objectives: 1) to provide students questions in the literature and to provide tools that are understanding of the basic components of a good research required for independent research. Topics of emphasis will design, including measurement, sampling, and causal include search in networks, affiliation networks, analysis of interpretation, 2) to familiarize students with the strengths large networks, weak ties, social contagion, visualization, and weaknesses of various research designs, including sampling, and data collection. This seminar should be viewed experimental design, survey research, field methods as a supplement to SOC 323: Social Networks.

72 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

WWS 528 Social Stratification and Inequality WWS 587 Research Workshop in Population Marta Tienda Noreen Goldman This course examines wealth, power, and status differentials Individual research projects involving demographic analysis in society. Included are descriptions of current and historic related to issues in population policy, or occasionally, distributions, as well as the causes and consequences of such participation in the research conducted at the Office of differences. Particular emphasis will be upon economic status Population Research. and course material covers recent research by economists and WWS 593 Marriage and Child Wellbeing sociologists on the role of family background, race, gender, cognitive skills, education, age, and work experience. In Elisabeth Donahue Families vary greatly in structure, which can have a profound addition to examining these individual and family factors, impact on children’s wellbeing and future prospects. This research on the mediating role of the state, either diminishing course will investigate trends in family formation and or aggravating differences, is reviewed. marriage in particular, and examine reforms proposed by WWS 528 Fragile Families and Public Policy policymakers that would impact marriage. This course is Sara McLanahan being offered in conjunction with The Future of Children This seminar develops a framework for designing and (FOC) journal. As part of the course, students will actively assessing the next generation of Fatherhood Initiatives. participate in an FOC conference on family formation and Course topics include: 1) How are poor, unmarried parents— child wellbeing at the end of the 6-week class. fragile families—seen (and not seen) in popular and political WWS 594 Policy Analysis: The Economics of Education discourse and in surveys and census data? 2) What are the This course evaluates currently popular education reforms from benefits of low-income fathers’ involvement for children, for an economic perspective. Topics covered include: policies to fathers, and for society? 3) What evidence do we have that increase educational attainment; compulsory schooling; fatherhood programs work, and how do current welfare and class-size reduction initiatives; school finance reforms; school child support reforms affect these programs? Students are vouchers; and race-sensitive college admissions policies. expected to conduct individual research projects on these topics, using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of WWS 594 Caring for an Aging Population: Public Youth and the Fragile Families Study. Policy Issues The rapid increase in the number of elderly Americans over WWS 578/SOC 578 Sociology of Immigration the next 30 years will put pressure on the service delivery and Ethnicity system. We review the policy options and questions likely to Alejandro Portes arise as the future of the service system is debated: who This is a graduate review course that examines the historical and should pay for long-term care services for the frail; how can contemporary literature on immigration and the relationship service systems better manage the medical and long-term care between these flows and the development of ethnic relations. needs of the elderly; how can public policy shape the future The emphasis is on the United States, although comparative of nursing homes and residential care models such as assisted material from Canada, Europe, and Latin America is discussed. living; how will the demand for services affect the economy Classical and recent theories of immigrant adaptation, language and the workforce? acculturation, ethnic entrepreneurship, and ethnic conflict are presented and discussed. The bearing of sociological findings on WWS 594 Employment, Poverty and Public Policy current policy debates about immigration control and uses of Alan Krueger immigrant labor is highlighted. This course will examine several issues concerning employment and poverty in the United States. Topics include: WWS 586 Aging: Biology, Demography, and Social Policy 1) the measurement and concept of employment; 2) trends in Burt Singer jobs, joblessness and inequality; 3) the link between jobs and The age structure of many countries in the world has shifted poverty; 4) public policy concerning job creation, job quality toward much higher proportions of people at older ages. and poverty. This course will treat the biological basis of aging and the demographic, economic and social consequences of a large WWS 594 International Migration and Public Policy elderly population. Implications for health care, insurance, Douglas S. Massey and the economic and social structure of diverse societies will This course examines the theoretical models put forth to be discussed. An international comparative approach will be account for international migration, reviews the empirical used throughout. evidence on hypotheses derived from these theories in

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 73 Training in Demography at Princeton

different world regions, develops a synthetic framework for ECO 531 Economics of Labor understanding immigration in the contemporary world, and Alan Krueger uses this framework to analyze immigration policies in the An examination of the economics of the labor market, United States and other migrant-receiving nations. especially the forces determining the supply of and demand for labor, the level of unemployment, labor mobility, the WWS 594 Public Health and Public Policy structure of relative wages, and the general level of wages. Elizabeth Armstrong An introduction to the philosophy, practice and politics of ECO 560/WWS 562 Economic Analysis of Labor public health in the U.S. The course considers the principles of Christina Paxson epidemiology and the social, political and institutional forces The course gives an introduction to the processes of economic that shape public health policy, as well as the determinants of growth; an analysis of poverty and inequality; reviews public health, government’s role in minimizing risks and maximizing policy in poor countries, particularly pricing policy and well-being, and the major organizational structures responsible cost-benefit analysis; and provides models of household and for monitoring, protecting and promoting the public health. farm behavior. Topics include environmental and occupational health; ECO 562 Topics in Development emerging infections; food safety; violence; tobacco control; population aging; and public health genetics. Christina Paxson/Anne Case An examination of those areas in the economic analysis of WWS 594 Race, Class, and College Admissions development where there have been recent analytical or Tom Espenshade empirical advances. Emphasis is given to the formulation of An examination of factors influencing who applies to and the theoretical models and econometric analysis and testing. probability of being accepted at academically selective colleges Topics covered include models of household/farm behavior, and universities. Topics include race-conscious versus class- savings behavior, equity and efficiency in pricing policy, based affirmative action, the role of elite universities in project evaluation, measurement of poverty and inequality, promoting social mobility, recent U.S. Supreme Court cases, and the analysis of commodity prices. and current public policy controversies. ECO 563 Topics in Economic Development II Pertinent Courses in Allied Departments Angus Deaton/Christina Paxson Selected topics in the economic analysis of development ECO 515 Econometric Modeling beyond those covered in the introductory course. Topics are Staff selected from theoretical and empirical models of economic The construction, estimation and testing of econometric growth, trade, and international finance; health and models as a process, from theory to model formulation to education policy; innovation in agriculture in developing estimation and testing and back again to theory. Bridging the countries; private and social security systems; and the political gap between theory and applied work. A series of topics in economy of development. macroeconomic time series and microeconomic cross-sectional analysis that includes consumption at the household and SOC 504 Social Statistics aggregate level, commodity prices, and nonparametric and Scott Lynch parametric estimation. The course explores methods for analyzing data arising from observational studies such as social surveys. It reviews multiple ECO 518 Econometric Theory II regression and analysis of variance and covariance models for Angus Deaton quantitative data. It introduces logistic regression and log-linear This course begins with extensions of the linear model in models for qualitative data, including contingency tables. The several directions: (1) predetermined but not exogenous emphasis is on the use of statistical models to understand regressors; (2) heteroskedasticity and serial correlation; (3) social processes, not the mathematical theory. classical GLS; (4) instrumental variables and generalized method of moments estimators. Applications include SOC 530 Structural Equation Modeling simultaneous equation models, VAR’s and panel data. Scott Lynch Estimation and inference in nonlinear models are discussed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a general class of Applications include nonlinear least squares, discrete multivariate modeling techniques that allows the estimation of dependent variables (probit, logit, etc.), problems of relationships between latent (unobserved) variables free of censoring, truncation and sample selection, and models for measurement error extant in observed variables. SEM is general direction data. in the sense that virtually all modeling techniques used in

74 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 sociology today are special cases of the general model. The U.S. and other countries. The class will visit a major polling purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to these operation to get a firsthand look at how they actually work. methods. The course is intended to be very applied, with a We also examine procedures used for designing representative strong emphasis on how to use SEM software to estimate samples and conducting surveys by telephone, mail and the models, as well as how to evaluate them, revise them, and report Internet. Students will have the option to (1) write a critical the results of them. At the same time, the course will provide a evaluation of a survey or set of surveys related to a particular rigorous treatment of the theory underlying SEMs, including issue, or (2) design and pretest a questionnaire on a topic that discussions of causality and inference, model assumptions and is of interest to them. consequences of their violation, and limitations. WWS 522 Microeconomic Analysis of Domestic Policy SOC 550 Research Seminar in Empirical Investigation Anne Case Martin Ruef Examines a series of major issues of policy designed to The course involves preparation of research papers based on illustrate and develop skills in particularly important field observation, laboratory experiments, survey procedures, applications of microeconomics. Topics will include education and secondary analysis of existing data banks. In addition, and training, the minimum wage, mandated benefits, students learn how to write critical reviews, to provide affirmative action, the theory of public goods and constructive commentary as a discussant, and how to prepare externalities, and the basic theory of taxation. papers for journal submission. All students complete at least WWS 528 Poverty and Public Policy one of their required pre-generals papers in this course. Sara McLanahan WWS 507 Quantitative Analysis This course examines poverty in the United States in the last Alan Krueger half of the twentieth century. The topics include: 1) how Study of basic data analysis techniques, stressing application poverty is measured and problems with the official measure; to public policy. Includes measurement, descriptive statistics, 2) trends and differentials in poverty; 3) causes and data collection, probability, exploratory data analysis, consequences of poverty, including sociological, economic, hypothesis testing, simple and multiple regression, correlation, and political perspectives, and 4) anti-poverty policies, and graphical procedures. Some training offered in the use of including cross-national differences in welfare states. computers. No previous training in statistics is required. WWS 594 Affirmative Action and Discrimination in Assumes a fluency in high school algebra and familiarity with Education basic calculus concepts. Alan Krueger WWS 509/ECO509 Generalized Linear Statistical Models This course explores theoretical models of discrimination, Germán Rodríguez empirical evidence on racial differences in earnings and Focuses primarily on the analysis of survey data using educational opportunities, and pros and cons of affirmative generalized linear statistical models. The course starts with a action. Particular emphasis is paid to evaluating the review of linear models for continuous responses and then consequences of recent developments in affirmative action in proceeds to consider logistic regression models for binary higher education. data, log-linear models for count data-including rates and WWS 594 Children’s Health and the Rise of Obesity contingency tables, and hazard models for duration data. Attention is paid to the logical and mathematical foundations Elisabeth Donahue The prevalence of obese children in America has more than of the techniques, but the main emphasis is on the doubled in the past 20 years, and approximately 14 percent of applications, including computer usage. Assumes prior children are now considered overweight. This course will exposure to statistics at the level 507c or higher and familiarity examine the increasing prevalence of obese and overweight with matrix algebra and calculus. (Prerequisite (507c). children, the challenge to the health system, the changing WWS 510 Surveys, Polls, and Public Policy nature of childhood and the potential causes for this Ed Freeland condition, and the legal and policy implications of this trend The aim of the course is to improve students’ abilities to and proposals to reverse it. This course is being offered in understand and critically evaluate public opinion polls and conjunction with The Future of Children (FOC) journal. surveys, particularly as they are used to influence public As part of the course, students will participate in an FOC policy. The course begins with an overview of contrasting conference at the end of the 6-week class. perspectives on the role of public opinion in politics. From here we look at the evolution of public opinion polling in the

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 75 Training in Demography at Princeton

WWS 594 Mental Health Burton Singer This course provides an international comparative and historical overview of concepts of mental illness and wellbeing. Evolution of diagnostic criteria for mental illnesses. History of psychiatry and psychoanalysis and the influence of neuroscience on them. Neurobiology of depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and narcotics addiction. Public perceptions of mental illness and their implications for policies pertaining to treatment and prevention programs: cross-national comparisons. Recent discoveries about neurogenesis and their implications for positive mental health and the future of psychiatry.

WWS 594 Social Policy in South Africa Anne Case Examines the economics and political economy of fiscal policy decisions made by developing-country governments. It will examine in detail the expenditure and taxation policies chosen by the new South African government. The case for government intervention and the choices governments make will be modeled, and the effectiveness of the policies chosen will be evaluated using current data from South Africa.

WWS 597 The Political Economy of Health Systems Uwe Reinhardt This course explores the professed and unspoken goals that nations pursue with their health systems and the alternative economic and administrative structures different nations use to pursue those goals. The emphasis in the course will be on the industrialized world, although some time can be allocated later in the course to approaches used in the developing countries, if students in the course desire it.

76 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH Recent Graduates

Meredith Kleykamp successfully defended her dissertation, Jake Rosenfeld successfully defended his dissertation, “Military Service and Minority Opportunity,” in June 2007. Her “What Unions No Longer Do: Economic and Political dissertation asks whether the military can still be viewed as a Consequences of Union Decline in the Post-Accord Era,” in source of social mobility for racial and ethnic minority men in June 2007. In the United States, as elsewhere, trade unions light of the dramatic changes in the social and economic context occupy a unique institutional space at the intersection of the of military service over the past two decades. The post-Cold War economy, society, and the polity. In the economy, unions have military drawdown in personnel led to dramatic cuts in the served as an institutional buffer for workers against the number of military jobs and a physical re-organization of the vagaries of market forces. Unions have socially integrative armed forces as many bases were shut down or consolidated. After functions, drawing individuals into a collective organization the first Gulf War, there was a precipitous drop in the desire to and providing the training and resources necessary to pursue serve in the military among black men and women that has been collective goals. As such, historically, trade unions have matched by declining numbers of black enlistees. Since the proved themselves powerful political actors, providing the beginning of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, everyone who lower- and middle-classes with a collective voice in the electoral joins the military must expect to spend considerable time process. The strategic institutional location of the labor deployed to combat arenas, increasing the costs to military movement has spawned a rich literature investigating the service relative to the benefits. causes of labor’s recent decline. No comparable effort exists to explain the broad consequences of labor’s loss in the Kleykamp presents three empirical analyses addressing a United States. different facet of this broad question of whether and how the military contributes to socioeconomic equality and opportunity Rosenfeld’s dissertation begins to fill the gap by examining for minorities. Based on these empirical findings, she concludes some of the major effects of labor union decline in the that the military may no longer confer the same kinds of United States since the early 1980s in the economy and polity. advantages to minorities observed in prior eras. From her He highlights the ways in which union decline widens study of the determinants of the enlistment decision, she inter-occupational wage inequality not only by limiting the concludes that black and Hispanic young men are no longer union wage premium, but also by unions’ reduced ability to more likely to choose military service over college or work narrow wage dispersion across occupations. Using previously than their white peers. It is difficult to argue that military unreleased data on recent strike patterns, Rosenfeld argues service holds great promise for the socioeconomic advancement that earlier economic models accounting for work stoppage of minorities, if they are now less likely to join in the first place. trends fail to account for the dramatically altered institutional Examining the macro-level consequences of the reduction in the environment of the 1980s and 1990s. He also investigates size of the military in the early 1990s, it appears that the loss of whether the positive strike-wage relationship that persisted roughly 500,000 military jobs translates to slight increases in throughout the immediate post-war decades has dissolved in employment rates (on the order of 1-2 percentage points) and the more recent period of rapid union membership decline more substantial school enrollment rates among black men in and increased employer offensives against labor. He argues particular (on the order of 5 percentage points). Finally, that the strike, once labor’s most powerful weapon and one of Kleykamp uses a field experiment to evaluate how employers society’s most visible sources of collective action, is no longer respond to the signal of veterans status. She finds little evidence an effective tool in labor’s arsenal. Turning to the political to support the contention that veteran status itself confers sphere, he evaluates labor’s political influence during the advantage in hiring. Kleykamp currently holds a position as closing years of the twentieth century. Rosenfeld contends Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Kansas. that the confluence of managerial hostility, state indifference, and economic transformation has reduced the labor movement to such a degree that unions no longer influence aggregate turnout rates. The union vote premium means little if a miniscule portion of the workforce is unionized. Rosenfeld currently holds a position as Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Washington.

Meredith Kleykamp Jake Rosenfeld

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 77 Graduate Students

Sofya Aptekar, a fourth-year Sociology and OPR changes in the American welfare state have given rise to a new student, is writing her dissertation, entitled “Immigrant form of urban machine politics. She is currently in the Naturalization and Nation-Building in North America,” a writing stage. mixed-methods project comparing naturalization trends and Audrey Dorelien holds a B.A. from Swarthmore College discourse surrounding citizenship in Canada and the United in Economics and Biology, 2004. Her current research interests States. She received funding from the Center of Canadian are in economic development, population dynamics, health, Studies to conduct fieldwork in Canada. Aptekar also and GIS applications. After graduation, Dorelien worked at continued her work on Eastern European migrants to the Lexecon, an economic consulting firm in Boston that European Union, presenting at “Europe’s Borderlands” primarily works in the energy industry. She then left her conference at UCLA. consultant lifestyle behind and headed to Guatemala where Pratikshya Bohra, a native of Nepal, is a second-year she started to learn Spanish and interned with an NGO in Ph.D. student at the Woodrow Wilson School and OPR. She social entrepreneurship. Three months later she headed to holds a B.A. in Economics with a minor in Mathematics Ahome, Mexico, where she continued to improve her Spanish from Union College in upstate New York. She worked at and taught English. A native of Haiti, Dorelien is now a first- LECG (Law and Economic Consulting Group) in New York year student at the WWS and OPR; she is looking forward to City for almost three years, after which she decided to pursue finally bringing her diverse interests and skills together. a Ph.D. in public policy. Bohra's research interests include Nick Ehrmann is a fifth-year graduate student currently migration and labor markets, as well as poverty and inequality. working from within Sociology, OPR, and the Woodrow Sharon Bzostek is a fourth-year student in the Sociology Wilson School on issues of educational inequality, urban department and OPR; her research interests focus on children sociology, and public policy. Ehrmann’s dissertation explores and families and health inequalities. This year, Bzostek began the disconnect between academic aspirations and academic working on her dissertation, which focuses on gaining a achievement among two groups of adolescents in a better understanding of survey respondents’ ratings of their disadvantaged section of northeast Washington D.C., and their children’s overall health status. She has also had how that relationship is affected by families, peers, and several papers accepted for publication in peer-reviewed neighborhoods, and how commitment to education (both journals this year. in belief and behavior) changes over time as these students navigate their high school careers. Ehrmann also continues Stacie Carr is a second-year student in the Woodrow to work with Doug Massey on analyses of the long-term Wilson School and OPR. She holds a B.A. in Women's effects of racial segregation on college achievement using the Studies from University of California at Berkeley and an National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen (NLSF) and with M.P.A. from the Wagner School of Public Service at New Katherine Newman on a qualitative investigation of youth York University, where she conducted research on the effects outcomes in Cape Town, South Africa. of state policies on Medicaid enrollment among immigrants. Prior to coming to Princeton, Carr worked for more than a Julia Gelatt is a first-year Sociology and OPR graduate decade in the nonprofit sector as an analyst, fundraiser, and student. She holds a B.A. in Sociology/Anthropology from manager for local and national health-oriented organizations. Carleton College. Before coming to Princeton, Gelatt studied Her research interests include health policy, health inequality, U.S. immigration policy at the Migration Policy Institute. aging, and program and policy evaluation. Her research interests include immigration, local and federal immigration policy, immigrant assimilation, and inequality. Rebecca Casciano is a fifth-year Sociology and OPR student whose interests include urban sociology, family Elizabeth Gummerson is a second-year student in demography, and social policy. Her dissertation examines how OPR and the Woodrow Wilson School. Her undergraduate

Sofya Aptekar Pratikshya Bohra Sharon Bzostek Stacie Carr Rebecca Casciano Audrey Dorelien Nick Ehrmann

78 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

work was in cultural anthropology at the University of Emily Marshall is in her third year as a student in the Pennsylvania, and she then completed a masters in public Department of Sociology and OPR; her interests include administration at Princeton in 2006, with a focus on health social networks and social policy. This year she has completed and health policy in low income countries. She has worked her general exams, coursework and precepting requirements. primarily on health policy in Africa, consulting with In the spring, Marshall collaborated with Valerie Lewis, governments of Nigeria and Tanzania on HIV policy, working David Potere, and Shahana Chatteraj in organizing a lecture for the Clinton Foundation on pediatric HIV, and briefly for series on urban transformations in the developing world. She USAID in Ghana. However, most of her research has been is currently working on a paper on social networks in the focused on South Africa, where she lived in Zululand for U.S. Congress. several years managing a household living standards and health panel survey. Her present research focuses on identifying Emily Moiduddin, in the Woodrow Wilson School and and evaluating policy interventions intended to break the OPR, is in the final stages of editing her dissertation and will illness-poverty cycle. defend early in 2008. In her dissertation, she is exploring whether the pattern of inequality that disadvantages black Conrad Hackett is completing his dissertation and will males in late adolescence and adulthood exists in early begin a postdoctoral fellowship in the Population Research childhood. Specifically, do young black boys have more Center at the University of Texas in Fall 2008. His behavior problems or perform worse on tests of verbal ability dissertation describes and analyzes fertility differentials among than their peers? If this pattern exists in early childhood, how religious groups in the United States. This research was do family and neighborhood factors influence it? With supported by grants from the Louisville Institute, the Center Doug Massey, Moiduddin has also completed an analysis for the Study of Religion, and the Society for the Scientific of neighborhood effects on birth weight; it has been accepted Study of Religion. He collaborated with other Princeton for publication in the International Journal of Conflict graduate students on forthcoming Journal for the Scientific and Violence. Study of Religion articles about the measurement of evangelicalism and the reliability of the World Christian Petra Nahmias is a fourth-year student in Sociology Database. He is broadly interested in the social consequences and OPR whose research interests include fertility, of religious commitment. reproductive health, sexual health, and maternal and child health. Nahmias is currently working on her dissertation Valerie Lewis, a third-year student in the Department of examining the changes in the sociology of obesity among Sociology and OPR, received her B.A. in Sociology, Rice women in Egypt. She has also served as a teaching assistant University, 2004. Her interests include racial inequality, urban and has participated in the Religion and Public Life seminar sociology, poverty, and development. She is currently working series. Her dissertation looks at the changes in obesity on her dissertation, which uses a mixed methods approach to prevalence geographically, socially, and demographically. It examine disadvantage and coping strategies in the slums of examines the social determinants of obesity and how these India. She has two papers being published this year, one on relationships have changed over time, and it also looks at racial segregation in the university context and the second the role of social factors in mediating the relationship co-authored with Bob Wuthnow on religious congregations between maternal obesity and its deleterious health outcomes and foreign policy attitudes. for both mothers and children. Nahmias presented early results from her dissertation at the Population Association Tin-chi Lin is a second-year student in the Woodrow of America Annual Meeting 2008 in New Orleans. In Wilson School and OPR. This year he has finished most of addition, she is preparing a number of manuscripts for the required courses and presented a paper at the Inter-Ivy submission for peer-review; these include papers on ethnicity Sociology Symposium, "The Declining Son Preference and and fertility in West Africa, religion and fertility in Texas, Gender Indifference in Korea and Taiwan since 1990."

Julia Gelatt Elizabeth Conrad Hackett Valerie Lewis Tin-chi Lin Emily Marshall Emily Moiduddin Gummerson PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 79 Graduate Students

and HIV/AIDS and ethnicity in Kenya. Finally, she has performance. Another looks at the changing dynamics of accepted a position as a statistical adviser at the Department undergraduate foreign student applicants, admittees, and for International Development in the United Kingdom enrollees to U.S. universities. Owens’ work has been presented beginning September 2008. at the American Sociological Association, the Midwest Political Science Association, and at the annual working is a first-year student in the Woodrow Heidi Norbis group conference of the Princeton-run Texas Higher Wilson School and the Office of Population Research. Norbis Education Opportunity Project (THEOP). She is a National holds a B.A. in Latin American Studies from Barnard College Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. and a M.P.H. in Population and Family Health from the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University. Christine Percheski, a fifth-year Sociology and OPR Prior to coming to Princeton, she was involved in a number student, is completing her dissertation, which examines the of research projects, both domestically and abroad, related to links between family structure, women’s employment, and women's health and migration. In the future, Norbis hopes to social inequality in the United States. She has recently apply her skills to aid in the development of programs and completed a review article with Sara McLanahan on how policies that improve the conditions of migrants. family structure acts as a mechanism in the reproduction of inequality, as well as an article with Bruce Western and a second-year student in the Woodrow Analia Olgiati, Deirdre Bloome on growing income inequality among Wilson School and OPR, holds a B.A. and an M.A. in American families. After completing the dissertation, Economics from the Universidad de San Andres in Argentina. Percheski will begin a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Before coming to Princeton, she worked at the Research University through the Robert Wood Johnson Scholars in Department of the Inter-American Development Bank, where Health Policy program. she participated in a study analyzing the impact of remittances on housing infrastructure in Nicaragua and in a project Michelle Phelps is a first-year OPR and Sociology measuring the determinants of under-registration of births in student. She received her B.A. in Psychology from U.C. Latin America. During the 2007 summer, Olgiati interned at Berkeley in 2005. Before joining OPR, Phelps worked in a the World Bank and was involved in the writing of the variety of criminal justice settings, including the Wiley institution’s flagship report on crime in Central America and in Manual Courthouse pre-trial services department, San several studies of gender-biased poverty. Olgiati’s interests Quentin State Prison GED and college education program, include economic demography, development, and migration. and the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD). While at NCCD, Phelps worked on an evaluation is a third-year student in the Woodrow Kevin O’Neil of a parenting program for abusive parents and authored a Wilson School and OPR. He completed a paper on parental paper on the prison and parole systems for women in migration and childhood obesity in Mexico, and he is California. After leaving U.C. Berkeley, Phelps spent two currently working on a dissertation on new immigrant years in fundraising/development at the Center for Court destinations in the United States. Innovation in New York City. She was also a math teacher for Jayanti Owens is a first-year graduate student in the the Fortune Society, an organization that provides services for OPR and Sociology. Owens earned her B.A. in Political ex-offenders. Her current work focuses on recent changes in Science and Sociology/Anthropology from Swarthmore the prison system. Her areas of interest include crime and College. Prior to joining OPR, she worked in the Education punishment, legal sociology, and inequality. Phelps is a Policy Center at Urban Institute in Washington, D.C. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. Owens’ research interests lie at the intersection of higher David Potere is a third-year student in the Program in education and migration. One current project examines Population Studies (PIPS); he has served as a teaching assistant for differences in U.S. native minority and same-ethnicity the core demography sequence. He presented “Urbanization immigrant college students' academic aspirations and academic and the Global Network of Protected Areas,” at this year’s

Petra Nahmias Heidi Norbis Analia Olgiati Kevin O’Neil Jayanti Owens Christine Percheski Michelle Phelps

80 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007 annual meeting of the Population Association of America in published one chapter co-authored with Peter Tufano (Harvard New Orleans. He also presented “Future Trends in Urban University) titled “New Savings from Old Innovations” in the Encroachment on Agricultural Lands at the Global Scale,” at edited volume Community Economic Development Finance this year’s annual meeting of the Association of American (Russell Sage) and a second co-authored chapter in the edited Geographers in Boston. Together with dissertation committee volume Business Solutions for the Global Poor (Jossey-Bass). In member Annemarie Schneider, he authored “Comparison of addition to his coursework, Schneider also served as a preceptor Global Urban Maps,” a chapter that will be part of a forth- in the Sociology Department and completed his first required coming book published by Taylor and Francis entitled, Global empirical paper. His interests include family demography, Mapping of Human Settlement: Experiences, Data Sets, and economic sociology, and inequality. Prospects. This July, his analysis “Wal-Mart from Space: A a first-year student in Sociology and New Land Cover Change Validation Product,” will be Wendy Sheldon, OPR, holds an M.P.H. in Maternal and Child Health from published in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. the University of California-Berkeley in 2000, an M.S.W. in Potere’s current work, supervised by Douglas Massey, focuses Social Policy and Practice from the University of Pennsylvania on assessing our understanding of the location of the world’s in 1996, and a B.A. in Psychology from Bucknell University cities and estimating the implications of future urban in 1993. Sheldon is particularly interested in the relationships expansion for global conservation efforts. Potere is a member between reproductive health and rights and many other of the American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote aspects of development, including general health and Sensing, the Association of American Geographers, and the nutrition, economic development, women’s empowerment, Population Association of America. the environment, and education. After ten years in the global Alejandro Rivas, Jr., is a second-year Sociology and population, reproductive health and rights movement, OPR student; he holds a B.A. in Human Biology and an Sheldon decided to pursue further training in order to focus M.A. in Sociology from Stanford University. While at her efforts on research and policy analysis. Most recently, she Princeton, Rivas plans to study the migrant experience in the was the evaluation specialist for the international division of U.S., in particular how both governmental and non- the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Prior to that, governmental institutions and their policies facilitate or she was a program officer for population at the William and hinder immigrants’ ability to make the most of the resources Flora Hewlett Foundation. Sheldon has also led or assisted the United States has to offer (education, health care, research projects in various settings relating to gender-based employment, housing, and justice). Along with migration, violence and an array of reproductive health issues. Rivas’ research interests include social policy, poverty, a fourth-year Woodrow Wilson and stratification, inequality, and race and ethnicity. Kimberly Smith, OPR student, has been working primarily on her three-paper Rania Salem is a third-year student in Sociology and dissertation, which examines the social and medical determinants OPR. While she continued fulfilling course requirements, she of health. The first paper, which was recently published, also served as an assistant in instruction for an undergraduate investigates the relationship between socioeconomic status and class in sociology. She presented papers at the annual conferences health among older adults in Mexico. The second paper, in of the Middle East Studies Association and the Population progress, examines the contribution of sulfa drugs to mortality Association of America. She is currently working on a paper that and inequality in the U.S. The third paper, also in progress, explores associations between marriage payments, women’s investigates the validity and determinants of global health work, and women’s well-being using survey data from Egypt. measures using survey and medical data from Taiwan. Smith has also been working on a research project that examines the impact is a second-year student in Sociology, Daniel Schneider of community-based health insurance (CBHI) on health OPR, and the Joint Doctoral Program in Social Policy and outcomes in three West African countries. Her paper focusing on Sociology. He holds an A.B. in Public Policy and American CBHI and maternal health outcomes was published this spring Institutions from Brown University. In 2007, Schneider in Social Science & Medicine.

David Potere Alejandro Rania Salem Daniel Schneider Wendy Sheldon Kimberly Smith Rivas, Jr. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 81 Graduate Students

Samir Soneji is a fourth-year student in the Program in landscape of medical practice and health policy. Trotter’s Population Studies. He recently completed a paper, forthcoming interests include the sociology of medicine, social demography, in Social Biology, on racial disparities in disability life expectancy and social inequality. She is a National Science Foundation among the oldest old. His dissertation work assesses the possible Graduate Research Fellow. impact of both smoking and obesity on the fiscal viability of Erik Vickstrom, a first-year OPR and Sociology graduate Social Security through changes in mortality. Soneji will defend student, graduated from Wesleyan University with a B.A. in his dissertation in the late spring and will begin a Robert Wood Sociology and American Studies. After working at the Murray Johnson Health and Society Scholar postdoctoral fellow at the Research Center at Harvard's Radcliffe Institute for Advanced University of Pennsylvania in the fall. Study, Vickstrom spent almost five years living and working Naomi Sugie is a first-year OPR, Sociology and Social in West Africa. He served as an English teacher for the Peace Policy student; she holds a B.A. in Urban Studies from Corps in Guinea and then worked in Senegal as Assistant Columbia University. Prior to joining OPR, Sugie worked at Director of an NGO devoted to cross-cultural training and the Vera Institute of Justice and contributed to research on a resource development. After returning to the United States, range of areas, including foster care, policing, mental health, he worked on the USAID-funded Famine Early Warning and jail reentry. She is co-author of a report on local and System Network (FEWS NET) project in Washington, D.C. federal law enforcement relations with Arab-American At Princeton, Vickstrom plans to study international communities after September 11 and of a book of case studies migration both within and from West Africa. In addition profiling mothers living in New York City shelters. At to migration, his interests include development, inequality, Princeton, Sugie’s research addresses issues of inequality, with and social networks. a focus on the social and economic consequences of mass Christopher Wildeman will complete his Ph.D. in incarceration. She is a National Science Foundation Graduate Sociology and Demography in spring 2008. After completing Research Fellow. his degree, he will be a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation LaTonya Trotter is a second-year Sociology and OPR Health & Society Scholar at the University of Michigan. student. She received her B.A. from Williams College and her He will also be affiliated with that university’s Population M.P.H. from the University of Washington. Her previous Studies Center. His dissertation research has received the work has focused on place level effects on health and the role best graduate student paper awards from the Sociology of of social policies in shaping those spaces. She currently has a Family and Children and Youth Sections of the American paper under review with Deborah Bowen (Boston University) Sociological Association. The first chapter of his dissertation and Adam Drewnowski (University of Washington) that also won the Dorothy S. Thomas Award from the Population investigates the independent effect of perceptions of one’s Association of America, which is awarded to the best graduate neighborhood on eating behavior. A continuing line of student paper. In addition to his dissertation research, he research tries to understand how health disparities are has also published papers on religion and homosexuality reproduced through social mechanisms. In this vein, she is (Sociological Perspectives, Sociology of Religion, and Review of currently working on a paper that examines the change over Religious Research), religion and paternal engagement time in the relationship between marital status and health, (Sociological Forum), the employment trajectories of new and how both marital trends and marriage’s affect on health fathers (Social Science Quarterly), prayer requests for at the population level differ for African-Americans. For her incarcerated and deployed men (Poetics), and the effects of dissertation, Trotter is undertaking mixed-methods research mass incarceration on the black family (Annals of the to explore a different aspect of health care: the health American Academy of Political and Social Science). He professions. She hopes to explore the expanding role of nurse regularly presents papers at the annual meetings of the practitioners within health care institutions and to understand Population Association of America and the American how the rise of mid-level practitioners has changed the Sociological Association.

Samir Soneji Naomi Sugie LaTonya Trotter Erik Vickstrom Christopher Wildeman

82 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH Alumni Directory

Solimon Abdel-Aty Barbara Anderson Otilia Barros Leila Bisharat Cairo Demographic Center The University of Michigan Centro de Estudios Demograficos UNICEF/Egypt 78 4th Street - Hadaba-Elolya Institute for Social Research (CEDEM) 8, Adnan Omar Sidky Street Mokattam 11571 Cairo, EGYPT 426 Thompson St., Box 1248 Ave. 41 #2003 e/ 20 y 22 Dokki, Cairo EGYPT Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Playa, La Habana CUBA Dolores Acevedo-Garcia Ann Klimas Blanc Harvard School of Public Health James Annable Katherine Bartley The John D. and Catherine T. Department of Health and First National Bank of Chicago 253 Hicks St. MacArthur Foundation Social Behavior One First National Plaza Brooklyn, NY 11201 140 S. Dearborn Street 677 Huntington Avenue Chicago, IL 60603 Chicago, IL 60603 Boston, MA 02115 Alaka Basu Mohammed Anous Cornell University David Bloom Olukunle Adegbola 4 Ahmed Hishmat Department of Sociology Harvard University University of Lagos #22 Zamalek, Cairo EGYPT 352 Uris Hall Institute for International Department of Geography Ithaca, NY 14853 Development Yaba Lagos, NIGERIA W. Brian Arthur One Eliot Street 1399 Hyde Park Road Nazli Baydar Cambridge, MA 02138 Rina Agarwala Santa Fe, NM 87501 University of Washington Department of Sociology Dept. of Family and Child Nursing Deirdre Bloome Johns Hopkins University Andrews Aryee Seattle, WA 98195-7262 334 Harvard St. Apt. E-2 533 Mergenthaier Hall University of Ghana Cambridge, MA 02139 3400 N. Charles St. Regional Institute for Chris Beaucheman Baltimore, MD 21218 Population Studies INED Dalia Borge Marin P.O. Box 96 Legon 133 Boulevard Davout Urbanizacion Real Santa Maria Fakhrudden Ahmed Accra, GHANA 75980 Paris Casa #484 Bangladesh Bank Cedex 20 FRANCE Barreal Heredia COSTA RICA Head Office, Motijheel C/A Fran Simmons Atchison Dhaka 1000 BANGLADESH 266 Hamilton Avenue Bernard Beck Eduard Bos Trenton, NJ 08609 Department of Sociology The World Bank Pauline Airey Northwestern University 1818 H Street NW 48 Hampstead Road Maria Aysa-Lastra Evanston, IL 60208 Washington, DC 20433 Surrey RH4 3AE ENGLAND Florida International University Department of Sociology James Bedell Bryan Boulier Anna Aizer and Anthropology 4612 Masefield Place George Washington University Department of Economics University Park Campus, DM 340B Sarasota, FL 34241-6141 Department of Economics Brown University Miami, FL 33199 2201 G Street NW 64 Waterman St. Maryann Belanger Washington, DC 20052 Providence, RI 02912 Ozer Babakol 20 Roycebrook Road 26 Bridgewater Drive Hillsborough, NJ 08844 Joseph Boute Antonio Aja Diaz Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Centre Catholique Universitaire University of Havana Neil Bennett B.P. 2931, Banqui Center for Studies of International Gyanendra Badgaiyan City University of New York- Central African Republic AFRICA Migration 35, Delhi Government Officers’ Flats Baruch College Havana, CUBA Greater Kailash Part I School of Public Affairs Henry Braun New Delhi, 10048 INDIA Building 137 E 22, Room 410 ETS Sigal Alon New York, NY 10010 Rosedale Road, Mail Stop 10R Tel-Aviv University C. Stephen Baldwin Princeton, NJ 08541 Department of Sociology and 110 Riverside Drive, Apt. 12-F Ionica Berevoescu Anthropology New York, NY 10024 30 Waterside Plaza, Apt. 30A Mary Breckenridge Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 New York, NY 10010 1382 Newtown Langehorne Road ISRAEL Akinrinola Bankole #M208 The Alan Guttmacher Institute Lawrence Berger Newtown, PA 18940 Steven Alvarado 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor University of Wisconsin-Madison 401 North Eau Claire Ave. #318 New York, NY 10005-3904 School of Social Work Ellen Brennan-Galvin Madison, WI 53705 1350 University Avenue Yale University Jessica Baraka Madison, WI 53706 Yale School of Forestry & Sajeda Amin Apartment #8 Environmental Studies The Population Council 8050 Niwot Road Digambar Bhouraskar 205 Prospect Street One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza Niwot, CO 80503-8690 140 East 83rd Street, Apt. #4E New Haven, CT 06511 New York, NY 10017 New York, NY 10028 George Barclay Christina Brinkley-Carter Richard Ampadu 338 Richardville Road Richard Bilsborrow 111 2nd St. STEPRI, CSIR Carmel, NY 10512 University of North Carolina Cambridge, MA 02141 PO Box LG 728 Carolina Population Center Legon, Accra, GHANA William Barron 123 West Franklin Street Adam Broner 5170 Britten Lane Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 9393 Midnight Pass Road Ellicott City, MD 21043 Sarasota, FL 34242

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 83 Alumni Directory

Eleanor Brown Mariella Ceva Shelly Clark Kailash C. Das Pomona College Los Platanos 649 Assoc. Prof. of Sociology Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Department of Economics Jauregui, C/P 6706 McGill University Int. Inst. For Population Sciences 425 North College Avenue Buenos Aires ARGENTINA Leacock Bldg., Room 713 Govandi Station Road, Deonar Claremont, CA 91711 855 Sherbrooke St. West Mumbai 400 088, INDIA Yunshik Chang Montreal, Quebec Birgitta Bucht University of British Columbia CANADA H3A 2T7 Monica Das Gupta 2 Tudor City Place, Apt. 8C-North Department of Anthropology The World Bank New York, NY 10017 and Sociology Yinon Cohen Development Economics Vancouver, British Colombia Tel Aviv University Research Group Monica Budowski V6T 1W5 CANADA Department of Labor Studies 1818 H Street NW, Room MC3-579 Rue Jehanne de Hochberg 26 Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 ISRAEL Washington, DC 20433 Neuchatel Liu Changhong 2000, SWITZERLAND State Statistical Bureau Amy Collins Bashir Datoo Department of Population Statistics 69A 7th Avenue, #3 Univesity of Dar es Salaam Larry Bumpass 38 Yuetan Nanjie, Sanlike Brooklyn, NJ 11217 Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-Madison Beijing CHINA P.O. Box 35049 Department of Sociology Mark Collinson Dar es Salaam TANZANIA 1180 Observatory Drive David Chaplin University of the Witwatersrand Madison, WI 53706 1490 Leon Road Private Bag 3 Paolo De Sandre Walled Lake, MI 48390-3647 Witwatersrand, 2050 SOUTH AFRICA Universita degli Studi di Padova Thomas Burch Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche 1320 Monterey Avenue Lindsay Chase-Lansdale Bernardo Colombo Via San Francesco 33 Victoria, British Columbia 1416 Asbury Avenue Universita delgi Studi di Padova Padova, 35142 ITALY V8S 4V8 CANADA Evanston, IL 60201 Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche Via Battisti 241 Paul Demeny Glen Cain Fang Chen Padova, 35121 ITALY The Population Council Department of Economics 1550 Edgemont Road One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza University of Wisconsin Victoria V8N 4P9 Abigail Cooke New York, NY 10017 Madison, WI 53706 British Colmbia, CANADA Princeton University Institute for International Judith Diers Marcy Carlson Enock Ching’anda & Regional Studies Population Council 160 Riverside Blvd., #8E P.O. Box 30022 Aaron Burr Hall, Room 33 One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza New York, NY 69 Kitchener, Ontario Princeton, NJ 08544 New York, NY 10017 N2E 3K2 CANADA Marion Carter Carey Cooper Wendy Dobson Centers for Disease Control Alan Chipasula C/0 1907 Corral Drive Victoria University Division of Reproductive Health All Saints Church Houston, TX 77090 University of Toronto 4770 Buford Highway, NE MSJ-K-22 P.O. Nkhota Kota 73 Queen’s Park Cresent Atlanta, GA 30341 Malawi AFRICA Lisa Corey Toronto, M5S 1K7 CANADA 117 Burlington Street Ana Casis Helena Choi Lexington, MA 02173 Thad Domina Apartado 4658 2800 Plaa Del Amo #216 227 Walnut St. Panama 5, PANAMA Torrance, CA 90503 Jennifer Cornman Costa Mesa, CA 92627 Research Associate Lynne Casper Helena Chojnacka School of Public Health Jennifer Dowd National Inst. of Child Health 1268 Skycrest Drive, Apt. #6 University of Medicine & Dentistry Research Fellow and Human Devel. Walnut Creek, CA 94595 of New Jersey Epidemiology School of Demographic and Behavioral 2200 Liberty Plaza Public Health Sciences Branch Michael Chokr 683 Hoes Lane West University of Michigan 6100 Executive Blvd., Rm. 8B07 72 S. Palm Avenue Piscataway, NJ 08854 1214 S. University Avenue, MSC 7510 Sarasota, FL 34236 2nd Floor Bethesda, MD 20892-7510 Kalena Cortes Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 A.K.M. Alauddin Chowdhury Higher Education Susan Cassels ICDDR,B 350 Huntington Hall Jacqueline Druery CSDE G.P.O. Box 128 Syracuse, NY 13244 Queen’s University University of Washington Dhaka 2 BANGLADESH Stauffer Library Box 353412 Maria Criado Kinston, Ontario K7L 3N6 CANADA Seattle, WA 98195 Jeanette Chung C/Santa Fe, 5, 2nd Izqda UCLA Departmnet of Medicine, GIM Madrid, 28008 SPAIN Stanislaus D’Souza William Cassels Ctr for Comm. Partnerships in UNDP-Zaire PO Box 2983 Health Promotion Sara Curran Palais des Nations Montgomery Village, MD 20886-2983 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite 2010 University of Washington Geneva 10 Los Angeles, CA 90024-3524 Henry M. Jackson School of CH-1211 SWITZERLAND Marcia Caldas de Castro International Affairs Dept. of Population & Rebecca Clark 400 Thomson Hall Carol Dyer International Health 6100 Executive Blvd. Seattle, WA 98195 9567 San Vittore St. Harvard School of Public Health Room 81307, MSC 7510 Lake Worth, FL 33467 655 Huntington Ave. Building 1 Bethesda, MD 20892-7510 Jacqueline Darroch 11th Floor, Room 1113 2212 Queen Anne Ave. N#133 Mark Eitelberg Boston, MA 02115 Seattle, WA 98109 Naval Portgraduate School Graduate School of Bus. and Public Policy Monterey, CA 93943-5000

84 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Ita Ekanem Margaret Flemming Patrick Gerland Laurence Grummer-Strawn United Nations FCA 48 Mill Lane 30 Waterside Plaza – Apt. 30A Centers for Disease Control P.O. Box 3005 Canterbury, Kent New York, NY 10010 and Prevention Addis Ababa CT2 8NE, ENGLAND Division of Nutrition ETHIOPIA Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop K25 Nadia Flores 1206 Parker Place Atlanta, GA 30333 Shafiq A. M. El Atoum Department of Sociology Brentwood, TN 37027 University of Jordan Texas A&M University Kartono Gunawan Faculty of Economics College Station, TX 77843-4351 Christina Gibson-Davis Biro Perencanaan Dan Penelitian Amman, JORDAN Terry Sanford Institute of Department Kevangan Carmen Elisa Florez Public Policy Jalan Lapangan Banteng Timur 4 Mohamed El-Badry University Los Andes Duke University Jakarta-Pusat, INDONESIA 40 Myrtle Avenue CEDE-Faculty of Economics Box 90245 Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 AA4976, Bogota, COLOMBIA Durham, NC 27708 Guang Guo University of North Carolina Sahar El-Sheneity Andrew Foster Dana Glei Carolina Population Studies Center Cairo University Brown University 5985 San Aleso Ct. 123 West Franklin Street Dept. of Statistics Department of Economics Santa Rosa, CA 95409 Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Faculty of Economics & Box B Political Science Providence, RI 02912 Howard Goldberg Robert Gutman Giza EGYPT Centers for Disease Contro Princeton University Patricia Freedman and Prevention SO8A Architecture Building Irma Elo 15817 Anamosa Drive Division of Reproductive Health Princeton, NJ 08544 University of Pennsylvania Rockville, MD 20855 4770 Buford Highway NE Population Studies Center Atlanta, GA 30341-3717 Myron Gutmann 3718 Locust Walk Ronald Freedman University of Michigan Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 University of Michigan Katherine Gould-Martin Institute for Social Res. PSC, Institute for Social Research Bard College Inter-University Consortium for Sahar El-Tawila 426 Thompson Street, P.O.B 1248 Bard in China Program Pol. and Soc. 4 El-Negma Street Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504 P.O. Box 1248 Heliopolis, Cairo EGYPT Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Tomas Frejka Michele Gragnolati Douglas Ewbank 3997 Coquina Drive MC9-414B (EASSD) Juan Carlos Guzman University of Pennsylvania Sanibel, FL 33957 The World Bank 7737 Inversham Drive, Apt. 179 Population Studies Center 1818 H Street NW Falls Church, VA 22042 3718 Locust Walk Izaslaw Frenkel Washington, DC 20433 Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 U.L. Beldan 5 M93 Zahid Hafeez Warsaw Nancy Grandjean 614 Peach Street David Featherman 440084 POLAND University of Washington Avenel, NJ 07001 University of Michigan Comparative Political Studies, Institute for Social Research Scott Fritzen Dept. of Pol Sci John Hajnal 426 Thompson Street 9347 Ridge Road Box 353530 95 Hodford Road Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Goodrich, MI 48438 Seattle, WA 98195 London, NW11 8E ENGLAND

David Fein Michelle Bellessa Frost Diana Greene Lauren Hale 4408 Puller Drive 11870 Runnel Circle Department of OB/GYN and State University of New York, Kensington, MD 20895-4050 Eden Prairie, MN 55347 RS, SFGH Stony Brook University of California, Preventive Medicine Robert Feldman Haishan Fu San Francisco HSC Level 3, Room 071 Morgan Stanley and Company HDRO/UNDP Box 0856 Stony Brook, NY 11794 1585 Broadway, 2nd Floor 304 East 45th Street San Francisco, CA 94143 New York, NY 10036 FF-1276 William Haller New York, NY 10017 Gilles Grenier 206A Woodhaven Drive Angela Fertig University of Ottawa Pendelton, SC 29670 Department of Health Administration Connie Gager Department of Economics University of Georgia Arizona State University Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 CANADA Asher Halperin N120 Coverdell Department of Family & 6 Uri Street 201 N. Milledge Avenue Human Development Jill Grigsby Tel-Aviv, ISRAEL Athens, GA 30602 131 Cowden Hall Pomona College Tempe, AZ 85287 Department of Sociology Charles Hammerslough Rachel A. Thurston Findley and Anthropology PMB 333 2831 Garber Street, Apt. #6 Lea Kiel Garson 420 Harvard 3588 Plymouth Road Berkeley, CA 94705-1314 207 North Bowman Avenue Claremont, CA 91711 Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2603 Merion, PA 19066 William Fischel Alejandro Grimson Bruce Hamilton Dartmouth College Deborah Garvey Bonpland 1938 PB “3”, CP: 141 Johns Hopkins University Department of Economics Santa Clara University Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA Department of Economics 6106 Rockefeller, Room 324 Department of Economics 615 North Wolfe Street Hanover, NH 03755 500 El Camino Real Shoshana Grossbard-Shechtman Baltimore, MD 21205 Kenna Hall San Diego University Mary Fischer Santa Clara, CA 95053 Department of Economics University of Connecticut San Diego, CA 92182-4485 Department of Sociology 344 Mansfield Road, Unit 2068 Stoors, CT 06269-2068 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 85 Alumni Directory

Pum Suk Han Rodolfo Heredia-Benitez Howard Hogan Lynne Johnson 43592 Merchant Mill Ter. Calle 96 No.19-A-73 U.S. Bureau of The Census Princeton University Leesburg, VA 20176 Corporacion Centro Regional Demographic Programs Princeton Environmental Institute de Poblacion Washington, DC 20233 127 Guyot Hall Richard Hankinson Apartado Aereo No. 24846 Princeton, NJ 08544 172 South Harrison Street Santa Fe de Bogota D.C., COLOMBIA Bart Holland Princeton, NJ 08540 New Jersey Medical School Carole Jolly Albert Hermalin Department of Preventive Medicine U.S. State Department Thomas Hanson University of Michigan 185 South Orange Ave., Rm F596 ID Windhoek WestEd Population Studies Center Newark, NJ 07103 Washington, DC 20520-2540 Human Development Program 426 Thompson Street, P.O.B 1248 4665 Lampson Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Marie Holzmann Elise Jones Los Alamitos, CA 90720-5139 337 Watkins Road 1382 Newtown-Langhorne Road Benjamin Hermalin Pennington, NJ 08534 Newton, PA 18940 Hong Sheng Hao University of California The People’s University of China Walter A. Haas School Nguyen Hong Anne Ryder Joseph Institute of Population Research Berkeley, CA 94720 Vienna International Centre 45 Nickerson Street Beijing, CHINA UNCSDHA Orleans, MA 02653 Pedro Hernandez P.O. Box 500 Kristen Harknett Institute of Government and Vienna, A-1400, AUSTRIA Janina Jozwiak University of Pennsylvania Public Affairs Central School of Planning Department of Sociology Center for Prevention Research and Oswald Honkalehto and Statistics 3718 Locust Walk/271 McNeil Bldg. Development Colgate University Institute of Statistics and Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 510 Devonshire Drive Department of Economics Demography Champaign, IL 61820 Hamilton, NY 13346 Al. Nlepodleglosoi 162 Cynthia Harper Warsaw, -491583, POLAND University of California Linda Coleman Herrick Shiro Horiuchi Department of Ob Gyn and Princeton University Rockefeller University Roberto Junguito Reproductive Science Management Information Services Laboratory of Populations Calle 77, #8-01, Apartado 201 3333 California Street, Suite 335 120 Alexander Street 1230 York Avenue, Box 20 Bogota, COLOMBIA San Francisco, CA 94143-0856 Princeton, NJ 08544 New York, NY 10021-6399 Matthijs Kalmijn Beverly Harris Patrick Heuveline Nancy Howell Tilburg University 1016 Tierra Dr NORC, and The University University of Toronto Department of Sociology Santa Fe, NM 87505 of Chicago Department of Sociology P.O. Box 90153 Population Research Center 725 Spadina Avenue LE Tilburg Andrew Haughwout 1155 East 60th Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 2T4 CANADA 5000, THE NETHERLANDS Princeton University Chicago, IL 60637 Woodrow Wilson School Yuanreng Hu Janet Kalwat Robertson Hall Prof. Dr. Mukerrem Hic WESTAT Evaluation Associates Princeton, NJ 08544 Istanbul University 1650 Research Boulevard Connecticut Avenue Department of Economics in English Rockville, MD 20850 Norwalk, CT 06854 Sharon Hayman Bagdat Caddesi 7 Blue Ridge Drive Gusel Sok. No.2/10 John Isbister Daniel Kammen Trenton, NJ 08638 Kadikoy, Istanbul, TURKEY University of California University of California Department of Economics Energy and Research Group Hong He Allan Hill Merrill College 310 Barrows Hall Statistical Bureau of Hebei Province Harvard School of Public Health 1156 High Street Berkeley, CA 94720-3050 Division of Population Statistics Department of Population Santa Cruz, CA 95064 30 Hezou Road and International Health Thomas Kane Shijiazhuang, CHINA 665 Huntington Avenue Radha Jagannathan P.O. Box 1057 Boston, MA 02115 Bloustein School of Planning North Marshfield, MA 02059 James Heckman and Public Policy University of Chicago Kenneth Hill Urban Studies and Community Ryuichi Kaneko Department of Economics John Hopkins University Health Hibiya-kokusai Bldg, 6F 1126 East 59th Street Department of Population Dynamics 33 Livingston Avenue, Ste. 100 National Inst. of Population and Chicago, IL 60637 615 North Wolfe Street New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1958 Soc. Sec. Res., Baltimore, MD 21205 2-2-3, Uchisaiwai-cho Allison Hedley-Dodd Shireen Jejeebhoy Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 3320 Hill Have Ct. Robert Hill Sett Minar 657130, JAPAN Oak Hill, VA 20171 ARAMCO 16A Peddlar Road P.O. Box 5426 Bombay, 400 206, INDIA Mehtab Karim Donald Heisel Dhahran Professor of Demography 455 E 51st Street, Apt. #4D 31311, SAUDI ARABIA John Jemmott Department of Community New York, NY 10022 University of Pennsylvania Health Sciences John Hobcroft Annenberg School for The Aga Khan University Katherine Hempstead The University of York Communication Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500 Center for Health Statistics Department of Social Policy Faculty Ste 520 Karachi 74800 Pakistan NJ State Dept of Health and and Social Work 3535 Market Senior Services Helsington Philadelphia, PA 19104-6220 Jennifer Kates PO Box 360, Room 405 York YO10 5DD, UNITED KINGDOM Kaiser Family Foundation Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 Iris Jerby 1330 G. Street NW 2 Elcharizi Street Washington, DC 20005 Rishon-Le-Tzion 75770, ISRAEL 86 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Rebecca Katz Meredith Kleykamp Karen Leppel Kang Liu Department of State University of Kansas Widener University Latham Square Building, Suite 550 Bureau of Verification & Compliance Dept. of Sociology School of Business Administration PATA 2201 C. Street NW 716 Fraser Hall One University Place 1611 Telegraph Avenue Washington, DC 20520 1415 Jayhawk Blvd. Chester, PA 19103-5792 Oakland, CA 94612 Lawrence, KS 66045-7556 Hannah Kaufman Ron Lesthaeghe Massimo Livi-Bacci Princeton University Jeffrey Kling Vrije Universiteit Brussel Universita degli Studi di Firenze CIT The Brookings Institution Steunpunt Demografie Departimento di Statistica 87 Prospect Avenue 1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW Pleinlaan 2 (M128) Viale Morgagni 59 Princeton, NJ 08544 Washington, DC 20036 Brussels, B-1050 BELGIUM Firenze 50134 ITALY

Elias Kedir Jean Knab Michael David Levin Gretchen Livingston 370B Greenwich Street 5 Catawba Drive University of Toronto Research Associate New York, NY 10013 Hamilton, NJ 08690 Department of Anthropology Pew Hispanic Center Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 CANADA 1615 L Street NW Catherine Kenney John Knodel Washington, DC 20012 University of Illinois University of Michigan Eleanor Cole Levinson Department of Sociology Population Studies Center 4908 Vistawood Way Kim Lloyd 702 South Wright Street 426 Thompson Street, P.O.B. 1248 Durham, NC 27713-8065 Washington State University Urbana, IL 61801 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Department of Sociology Karen Levinson Pullman, WA 99164-4020 Masihur Khan Jacqui Koenig 630 N Drury Lane 2/304 Eastern Point RH Technologies Project Arlington Heights, IL 60004 David Loevner 8-9 Shantinagar 90 Apple Lane 73 Westcott Road Dhaka, 1217, BANGLADESH Charlottesville, VA 22903 Madge McKeithen Levy Princeton, NJ 08540 41 W 82nd Street, Apt 1D Kathleen Kiernan Sanders Korenman New York, NY 10024-5616 Leonard Lopoo The University of York Baruch College, CUNY Syracuse University Department of Social Policy School of Public Affairs Gwendolyn Lewis Center for Policy Research and Social Work New York, NY 10010 4512 Courtland Road 426 Eggers Hall Helsington Chevy Chase, MD 20815-3737 New York, NY 13244-1020 York YO10 5DD UNITED KINGDOM Kathryn Kost The Alan Guttmacher Institute Rose Marie Li Graham Lord Elisabeth Kihlberg 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor NIH/NIA 1 Evelyn Place University of Texas, Austin New York, NY 10005-3904 Office of Demography Princeton, NJ 08540 College of Natural Sciences-Office 7201 Wisconsin Avenue MSC 9205, of the Dean Clemens Kroneberg Ste. 533 Ying Lu 1 University Station G2500 University of Mannheim Bethesda, MD 20892-9205 Asst. Professor – Sociology Austin, TX 78712-0548 68131 Mannheim University of Colorado GERMANY Shaomin Li 327 UCB Yun Kim Old Dominion University Boulder, CO 80309 Utah State University Thompson K. B. Kumekpor Department of Management Center for International Studies/Soc. University of Ghana Norfolk, VA 23529 Kristin Luker and Pop. Department of Sociology University of California Logan, UT 84322 P.O. Box 96 Andres Liebenthal School of Law Legon, Accra GHANA The World Bank 2240 Piedmont Ave Rachel Kimbro 1818 H Street NW Berkeley, CA 94720 Robert Wood Johnson Health & Ulla Larsen Washington, DC 20433 Society Scholar Harvard School of Public Health Robin Lumsdaine Population Health Sciences Population and International Health Fang Lin Brown University University of Wisconsin-Madison 665 Huntington Avenue Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Economics 707 WARF Office Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pharmacology Box B 610 North Walnut Street 4261 MRB III, 465 21st Ave S Providence, RI 02912 Madison, WI 53726 Aida Verdugo Lazo Nashville, TN 37232 ENCE A. Rice Lyons Masabumi Kimura IBGE I-Fen Lin 295 Western Way 11-12 Kaminoge 4, Setagaya Rua Praia do Flamengo Bowling Green State University Princeton, NJ 08540 Tokyo, 158, JAPAN Rio De Janeiro, R.J. 22210-030 Department of Sociology BRAZIL 217 Williams Hall Todd MacDonald Clyde Kiser Bowling Green, OH 43403-0231 ALK Technologies 2300 Aberdeen Boulevard William Leasure 1000 Herrontown Rd. Gastonia, NC 28054-0613 1112 Bush Street Nancy Lin Princeton, NJ 08540 San Diego, CA 92103-2807 United Nations Ellen Kisker DC2-1914, 2 UN Plaza Miroslav Macura Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Byung Moo Lee New York, NY 10017 18, chemin Colladon 7639 Crestview Drive 505 Woolley Avenue 1209 Geneva Longmont, CO 80504 Staten Island, NY 10314 April Linton SWITZERLAND University of California, San Diego Rebecca Kissane Musonda Lemba Department of Sociology Shlomo Maital Lafayette College University of Zambia 401 Social Science Building Technion-Israel Institute of Department of Anthropology Department of Social 9500 Gilman Dr 0533 Management and Sociology Development Studies La Jolla, CA 92093 Economics Department Marquis Hall P.O. Box 32379 Haifa, ISRAEL Easton, PA 18042 Lusaka, ZAMBIA PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 87 Alumni Directory

Carolyn Makinson James McCarthy Cynthia Miller Ann Morning Women’s Commission on Refugee University of New Hampshire MDRC New York University Women and Children School of Health and 16 East 34th Street Department of Sociology 122 East 42nd Street, 12th Floor Human Services New York, NY 10016 269 Mercer Street, Room 445 New York, NY 10168-1289 4 Library Way New York, NY 10003-6687 217 Hewitt Hall Jane Miller Chitta Malaker Durham, NH 03824 Rutgers University Amy Morton Indian Statistical Institute Institute for Health Research 228 A Marshall Avenue Demographic Research Unit Justin McCarthy 30 College Avenue Princeton, NJ 08540 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road University of Louisville New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Calcutta, 700 035 INDIA Department of History Sudhansu Mukherjee Louisville, KY 40208 Peter Miller 20/5 N.S.C. Bose Road Michael Maltese P.O. Box 112 Grahams Land 103 Country Club Dr. Jerrlyn McClendon Maadi, Cairo EGYPT Calcutta, 700 040 INDIA Monroe Township, NJ 08831 Chemistry Department Princeton University Barry Mirkin Basim Musallam Paola Marchesini 111 Frick United Nations Cambridge University Rua Itaujuba 2065/1101 Princeton, NJ 08544 2 UN Plaza Faculty of Oriental Studies 31.035-540 - Belo Horizonte New York, NY 10017 Cambridge CB2 1TN ENGLAND Minas Gerais, BRAZIL Michael McKenna 12 Dobbs Terrace Eliot Mishler Carlos Musonda Gonzalez-Sancho Luiz Marina Diaz Scarsdale, NY 10583 Cambridge Hospital Demography Division Corporacion Centro Regional Department of Psychiatry University of Zambia de Poblacion Robert McLauglin 1493 Cambridge Street Department of Social Development Calle 96 No. 19A – 73 International Planned Parenthood Cambridge, MA 02139 Studies Apartado Aereo 24846 Fed. WHR, Inc. P.O. Box 32379 Sante Fe de Bogota, COLUMBIA 120 Wall Street, 9th Floor Wilfred Mlay Lusaka, ZAMBIA New York, NY 10005-3902 University of Dar es Salaam James Marshall Department of Geography Kathy Niebo Bureau of Intelligence and Research Donald McNeil P.O. Box 35049 Princeton University Department of State Macquarie University Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA Office of Research and INR/REC/EF, Room 8444 NS School of Economics and Project Administration Washington, DC 20520 Financial Studies Essa Montasser New South North Ryde 91 King Saud Street Princeton, NJ 08544 Phyllis Marsteller NSW, 2113 AUSTRALIA Manialed Rodah 4 Pond Drive East Cairo, EGYPT Jessica Nolan Rhinebeck, NY 12572-1925 Kevin McQuillan 3115 Central Ave. University of Western Ontario Roberto Monte-Mor Alameda, CA 94501 Linda Martin Department of Sociology Universidade Federal 3419 Mansfield Road London, Ontario N6A 5C2 CANADA de Minas Gerais Nazek Nosseir Falls Church, VA 22041 Faculdade de Ciencias Economicas American University in Cairo Sarah Meadows Rua Curitiba 832 9° andar Social Research Center Sarah Martin 13816 Bora Bora Way,Apt 311 Belo Horizonte, MG BRAZIL 113 Sharia Kast El Airi Ibis Reproductive Health Marina del Rey, CA 90292 Cairo, EGYPT 17 Dunster St. #201 Norma Montes Rodriguez Cambridge, MA 02138 Thomas Meeks CEDEM Nelson Obirih-Opareh Virginia State University Centro de Estudios Demograficos (CSIR-STEPRI) Poul Matthiessen Economics Department Ave. 41 #2003 entre 20 y 22 Science and Technology Policy Collstrops Fond Petersburg, VA 23806-9046 Playa, La Habana CUBA Research Institute HC Andersens Boulevard 35 PO Box CT, 519 DK 1553 Copenhagen V, Lynn Mendenko Mark Montgomery Cantonment,Accra, GHANA DENMARK Princeton University Population Council Office of the Dean of the College Policy Research Division Luis Hernando Ochoa David Matza 406 West College One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza Macro International, Inc. University of California Princeton, NJ 08544 New York, NY 10017 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Department of Sociology Calverton, MD 20705-3119 Berkeley, CA 94720 Jane Menken Margarita Mooney University of Colorado Asst. Professor Marion O’Connor Jane Mauldon Institute of Behavioral Sciences UNC – Chapel Hill 37 Ridgeview Circle University of California Campus Box 484 Department of Sociology Princeton, NJ 08540 Graduate School of Public Policy Boulder, CO 80309-0484 CB#3210 2607 Hearst Avenue Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Gretchen Ogden Berkeley, CA 94720 Barbara Mensch 6 Spruce Street The Population Council Caroline Moreau Camden, ME 04843 Ismael Maung Research Division 136 Boulevard de Charonne Western Illinois University One Hammarskjold Plaza Paris 75020 Yoichi Okazaki Sociology Department New York, NY 10017 FRANCE 3-12 Shirogane 4, Minato-ku Macomb, IL 61455 Tokyo, JAPAN Peter Michael Lorenzo Moreno Rebecca Maynard Cooling Springs Farm Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Barbara Okun University of Pennsylvania 2455 Ballenger Creek Pike P.O. Box 2393 Hebrew University of Jerusalem 3700 Walnut Street, Rm 409 Adamstown, MD 21710 Princeton, NJ 08543-2393 Department of Demography Philadelphia, PA 19104 Mount Scopus Campus Jerusalem, 91905 ISRAEL

88 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Afaf Omer David Pasta Robert Potter Jr. Robert Ream University of North Carolina 2970 South Court 16 Pimpneymouse Lane University of California, Riverside Department of Sociology Palo Alto, CA 94306-2458 Edgartown, MA 02539 School of Education Zageir Hall 112 900 University Avenue One University Heights Claude Paulet R. Potvin Riverside, CA 92521 Asheville, NC 28804-3299 UNFPA Nouakchott-Mauritania Catholic University Care of UN Pouch Service Department of Sociology Ilana Redstone Gbolahan Oni Box 20 Grand Central Washington, DC 20064 Institute of Labor & Industrial Johns Hopkins University New York, NY 10017 Relations Population and Family Beth Preiss University of Illinois-Urbana- Health Sciences Anna Paulson 1155 23rd Street, NW Champaign 615 N. Wolfe Street Northwestern University Washington, DC 20037 504 East Armory Avenue, Room 17 Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Finance Champaign, IL 61820 Kellogg School Samuel Preston Cynthia Osborne 2001 Sheridan Road University of Pennsylvania Nancy Reichman Asst. Professor Evanston, IL 60208 Population Studies Center Robert Wood Johnson Medical Public Affairs 3718 Locust Walk School The University of Texas Ceri Peach Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 Pisc/New Brunswick Dept. Pediatrics SRH 3.234 Professor 97 Patterson Street, Room 435 1 University Station Oxford University Center for Eleanor Preston-Whyte New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Austin, TX 78712 the Environment University of Natal School of Geography Memorial Tower Bldg. Kia Reinis Joseph Ottieno South Parks Road Durban, 4041 SOUTH AFRICA ORC/Macro University of Nairobi Oxford – OX1 3QY 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Department of Mathematics UNITED KINGDOM Barbara Prince Calverton, MD 20705 Chiromo Campus 85 Magnolia Lane Nairobi, KENYA Anne Pebley Princeton, NJ 08540 Elisha Renne UCLA School of Public Health University of Michigan Cyprian Oyeka 10833 Le Conte Avenue Emile Quevrin Department of Anthropology Anambra State University Los Angeles, CA 90095 Group Bruxelles Lambert 1020 L.S.A. Building of Technology Avenue Marnix 24 Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1092 Department of Applied Statistics Mette Pedersen Brussels and Demography 83 Cherry Brook Drive B-1050 BELGIUM Ronald Rindfuss Awka Campus, P.M.B. 5025 Princeton, NJ 08540 University of North Carolina Awka, Anambra State, NIGERIA Ladislav Rabusic Department of Sociology Christine Percheski Masaryk University Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Benjamin Oyuke 474 Broadway, Apt. 1 School of Social Studies Kenyatta University College Cambrige, MA 02138 Department of Sociology Fernando Riosmena Department of Mathematics Gorkeho 7 Intl. Istitute for Applied Systems Nairobi, KENYA Vasant Pethe 602 00 Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC Analysis Gokhale Institute of Politics Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Ferhunde Ozbay and Economics Hantamalala Rafalimanana Laxenburg, AUSTRIA Bogazici University Deccan Gymkhana United Nations Department of Sociology Pune, 411 004 INDIA Population Division Estela Rivero-Fuentes Istanbul, TURKEY 2 United Nations Plaza, DC2-1964 Moreras #5, Jardines de San Mateo Becky Pettit New York, NY 10017 Naucalpan, Edo. Mex. Hilary Page University of Washington MEXICO, C.P. 53240” University of Gent Department of Sociology Karthick Ramakrishnan Dept. of Population Studies and 202 Savery Hall Box 353340 Asst. Professor Bill Rives Soc. Science Meth. Seattle, WA 98195 Political Science Franklin University Universiteitstraat 4 University of California Graduate School of Business Gent B-9000, BELGIUM Nayak Lincoln Polissar 2220 Watkins Hall 201 South Grant Avenue The Mountain-Whisper-Light Riverside, CA 92521 Columbus, OH 43215 Deanna Pagnini Statistical Consulting 63 Orient Street 1827 23rd Avenue East K. Vaninadha Rao Hanna Rizk Willow Vale Seattle, WA 98112-2913 Bowling Green State University 8 Salamlek Street NSW, 2575 AUSTRALIA Department of Sociology Garden City, Cairo, EGYPT Clayne Pope Bowling Green, OH 43403 Rohini Pande Brigham Young University Warren Robinson International Center for Research Department of Economics Miroslav Rasevic The Population Council on Women Provo, UT 84602 Vlajkoviceva 5 P.O. Box 57156 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, Belgrade, YUGOSLAVIA Nairobi, KENYA Suite 302 Joseph Potter Washington, DC 20036 University of Texas Alfred Rasp Arodys Robles Population Research Center The University of Puget Sound Apartado 1583-2050 Edith Pantelides 1800 Main Building School Evaluation and Research San Jose, COSTA RICA CENEP Austin, TX 78712 1500 North Warner Casilla 4397 Tacoma, WA 98416 Roger Rochat Correo Central Linda Potter Emory University Buenos Aires,1000 ARGENTINA Family Health Research Danilo Rayo 1010 Liawen Court 56 N. Mill Road Frente a Petronic Sur Atlanta, GA 30329-4122 Vicente Paqueo Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Esteli, NICARAGUA The World Bank David Rogers 1818 H Street NW 875 West End Avenue Washington, DC 20433 New York, NY 10025 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 89 Alumni Directory

Jake Rosenfeld Andrea Saville-White Wendy Sigle-Rushton Marlene Stern 1100 NE Campus Parkway 53 University Place London School of Economics 12 Ashwood Court 223J Condon Hall Princeton, NJ 08540 and Political Sciences Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Box 353340 Centre for the Analysis of Seattle, WA 98195 Allen Schirm Social Exclusion Michael Stoto Mathematica Policy Research Houghton Street George Washington University Mark Rosenzweig 600 Maryland Avenue SW, Ste. 550 London, WC2A 2AE ENGLAND Department of Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania Washington, DC 20024-2512 2021 K Street NW, Suite 800 Department of Economics Charles Simkins Washington, DC 20006 3718 Locust Walk Ofira Schwartz 13 Seymour Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297 18 Marvin Court Parktown Sally Strachan Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Johannesburg, 2193 SOUTH AFRICA 27 Halsey Street Luis Rosero-Bixby Providence, RI 02906-1414 Centro Centroamericano James M. Scully Catherine Simms de Poblacion 1618 V. Street NW 276 Dodds Lane William Strain Universidad de Costa Rica Washington, DC 20009 Princeton, NJ 08540 4 Acacia Villas San Jose 2060, COSTA RICA Boynton Beach, FL 33436-5594 Michael Seifert Steven Sinding Denise Roth Allen 28 Academy Court Columbia University Jennifer Strickler Centers for Disease Control Pennington, NJ 08534 Joseph E. Mailman School of University of Vermont and Prevention Public Health Department of Sociology Maternal and Child Health Chris Seplaki New York, NY 10032 31 South Prospect Epidemiology Team John Hopkins Bloomberg Sch. Burlington, VT 05401 4770 Buford Highway NE, of Public Health J.N. Sinha Mail Stop K-23 The Center on Aging and Health Delhi University Aarno Strommer Atlanta, GA 30341 2024 E. Monument Street, Suite 2-700 Institute of Economic Growth Kirkkokatu 67 B 23 Baltimore, MD 21205 Delhi 7, INDIA SF-90120 Ouhu 12 Sipra Roy FINLAND 1541 Eddy Cove Court David Shapiro Bernard Skud North Brunswick, NJ 08902 Pennsylvania State University 125 SW Jib Street Paul Stupp Department of Economics Oak Harbor, WA 98277 Centers for Disease Control Laura Rudkin 416 Kern Graduate Building and Prevention University of Texas Medical Branch University Park, PA 16802 Myron Slovin Reproductive Health Division Department of Preventive Medicine 1977 East Carver Road 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop K-35 Galveston, TX 77555-1153 Robert Shell Tempe, AZ 85284-2537 Atlanta, GA 30333 7 Gordon Street Diana Russell Gardens 8001 Mario Small Donna Sulak Mills College Cape Town, Western Cape University of Chicago 354 Emily Street Department of Sociology SOUTH AFRICA Department of Sociology Philadelphia, PA 19148 Oakland, CA 94613 1126 East 59th St. Bing Shen SS 408 Dennis Sullivan Naomi Rutenburg Hesston College Chicago, IL 60637 Miami University Population Council Business Department Department of Economics 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW P.O. Box 3000 Camille Smith Oxford, OH 45056 Washington, DC 20008 Hesston, KS 67062 Harvard University Press 79 Garden Street Jeremiah Sullivan Norman Ryder Eui Hang Shin Cambridge, MA 02138 95 Schooner Ridge Rd. 14 Toth Lane University of South Carolina Cumberland Foreside, ME 04110 Rocky Hill, NJ 08553 Department of Sociology Claudette Smith Columbia, SC 29208 Coleman A. Young Foundation Ayumi Takenaka Nasim Sadiq 2111 Woodward Avenue, Suite 600 78 Manhattan Avenue, #3F 1 S.M.C.H. Society Tara Shochet Detroit, Michigan 48201 New York, NY 10025 Statistics Division 1182 E. Court Street Karachi, PAKISTAN Iowa City, IA 52240 Daniel Smith Shinichi Takahashitani University of Illinois Kobe University Philip Sagi Frederic Shorter Department of History Faculty of Economics 143 Medford Leas 671 Horseshoe Road 601 South Morgan Street Rokkodai, Nada-ku Medford, NJ 08055 Gabriola Island 913 University Hall Kobe, 657 JAPAN British Columbia, V0R 1X3 CANADA Chicago, IL 60607-7049 Fouzi Sahawneh Jee-Peng Tan University of Jordan Adam Shrager Debbie Stark The World Bank Population Studies Department 34 Cambridge Way 8541 Ashley Road 1818 H Street NW Amman, JORDAN Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Ashley, OH 43003 Washington, DC 20433

Joginder Paul Sapra K. N. Shrinivasan Laura Stark Kanchana Tangchonlatip House No. 494, Street No. 5 Central Statistical Office Department of Sociology Mahidol University Raja Park Population Division Northwestern University Institute for Population and Jaipur Sadar Patel Bhawan 1808 Chicago Ave. Room 101B Social Research Rajasthan, INDIA New Delhi 1, INDIA Evanston, IL 60208 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road Salaya, Phuttamonthon Narayan Sastry M. Khalid Siddiqui Patience Stephens Nakornprathom 73170 THAILAND University of Michigan United Nations ESCAP United Nations Population Studies Center Statistics Division Population Division Patricia Taylor 426 Thompson St. UN Building New York, NY 10017 31 Richard Ct. Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Bangkok, 10200 THAILAND Princeton, NJ 08540 90 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH ANNUAL REPORT 2007

Michael Teitelbaum Cho-Yook Tye Pravin Visaria Rachel Weinstein Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Ridgewood Condo Abhinav Colony 41 Baldwin Street 630 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2550 1 Ridgewood Close Sujit Pennington, NJ 08534-3303 New York, NY 10111 #21-05 Liholiho Rise Drive-In Road 276692, SINGAPORE Ahmedabad, 380 052 INDIA Robert Wells Julien Teitler Union College Columbia University Margaret Usdansky Simone Wajnman Department of History School of Social Work Syracuse University R. Carolina Figueiredo 111/101 Schenectady, NY 12308 1255 Amsterdam Avenue Center for Policy Research Belo Horizonte,MG New York, NY 10027 426 Eggers Hall 303320-130 BRAZIL Bruce Western Syracuse, NY 13244-1020 Harvard University Makonnen Tekle-Haimanot Brigitte Waldorf Department of Sociology Central Statistical Office Juerg Utzinger University of Arizona 430 William James Hall P.O. Box 1143 Swiss Tropical Institute Department of Geography and 33 Kirkland Street Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA PO Box Regional Development Cambridge, MA 02138 Basel, CH-4002 SWITZERLAND Tucson, AZ 85721 Silvia Texidor David Whip Directora Etienne van de Walle Sally Waltman 220 Mysticwood Road CENEP Casilla 4397 – Correo Central 261 Sycamore Avenue 37-G Melrose Road Reistertown, MD 21136 Buenos Aries 1000 Merion Station, PA 19066 Princeton, NJ 08540 ARGENTINA Michael White Richard Leighton Van Nort Chengzhi Wang Brown University Ian Thomas 103 Esmond Road 520 W. 114th Stret, #74 Department of Sociology 222 Bluebell Road Bedford Park New York, NY 10027 Box 1916 Norwich Chiswick Providence, RI 02912 NR4 7LW ENGLAND London W4 ENGLAND Nai Chi Wang 9120 Fall River Lane Dorothy Whitfield Joseph Tierney Mark VanLandingham Potomac, MD 20854 6317 Adams Hunt Drive Saint Joseph’s University Tulane University Williamsburg, VA 23188-7357 Executive Director, School of Public Health and Tropical Linda Warner Robert A. Fox Leadership Program Medicine 5488 Whitneyville W. Bradford Wilcox 5600 City Avenue 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200 Alto, MI 49302 University of Virginia Philadelphia, PA 19131-1395 New Orleans, LA 70112 Sociology Department Charles Warren 533 Cabell Hall Aykut Toros Nallamotu Vasantkumar Centers for Disease Control P.O. Box 400766 Hacettepe University Susquehanna College and Prevention Charlottesville, VA 22904 Institute of Population Studies Department of Sociology and Office on Smoking and Health Ankara, TURKEY Anthropology 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop K-50 Chris Wildeman Selinsgrove, PA 17870 Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 2118 Arborview Blvd. Arlene Torres Ann Arbor, MI 48103 University of Illinois at Barbara Vaughan Scott Leon Washington Urbana-Champaign c/o Marcello Lenci Asst. Professor John Williams, Jr. Department of Anthropology Via Leonardo da Vinci 3 Department of Sociology Population Reference Bureau 607 South Matthews Avenue Corinaldo (AN), 60013 ITALY UCLA 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, 109 Davenport Hall 264 Haines Hall – Box 951551 Suite 520 Urbana, IL 61801 Maya Vaughn Smith Los Angeles, CA 90095 Washington, DC 20009-5728 Poverty, Gender & Youth Program Roy Treadway Population Council Susan Watkins John Wilmoth 712 N. School Street One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza University of Pennsylvania University of California Normal, IL 61791-1621 New York, NY 10017 Department of Sociology Department of Demography Philadelphia, PA 19104 2232 Piedmont Avenue Leslie Treff Victoria Velkoff Berkeley, CA 94720 Supreme Court of State of New York US Census Bureau Tara Watson 60 Centre Street, 10th Floor International Programs Center Williams College Chantal Worzala New York, NY 10007 Washington Plaza II, Rm. 109 Department of Economics Medicare Payment Advisory Washington, DC 20233-8860 Fernald House Committee Yoshihiro Tsubouchi Williamstown, MA 01267 601 New Jersey Avenue N.W., 363 Iwakura-Miyake-Cho James Vere Suite #9000 Sakyo-ku Asst. Professor Jan Watterworth Washington, DC 20001-2044 Kyoto, 606 JAPAN School of Economics & Finance Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. The University of Hong Kong P.O. Box 2393 Lawrence Wu Chi Hsien Tuan Pokfulam Road Princeton, NJ 08543-2393 New York University East-West Center HONG KONG Department of Sociology East-West Population Institute Mark Weiner 269 Mercer Street 1777 East-West Road Yvonne Veugelers 17 Harriet Drive New York, NY 10003 Honolulu, HI 96848 382 Palmerston Boulevard Princeton, NJ 08540 Toronto, Ontario M6G 2N6 Lisa Wynn Cassio Turra CANADA Maxine Weinstein Anthropology Department College of Economic Sciences Georgetown University Macquarie University Department of Demography Daniel Vining Department of Demography NSW 2109 Federal University of Minas Gerais University of Pennsylvania 312 Healy Hall, Box 571197 AUSTRALIA Street Curitiba, 832, walk Center Regional Science Department Washington, DC 20057-1214 Belo Horizonte, MG 30170-120 3718 Locust Walk Masaaki Yasukawa BRAZIL Philadelphia, PA 19104 6-16 Momoi 1, Suginami Tokyo, JAPAN PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 91 Alumni Directory

Wenzhen Ye Xuejin Zuo Alan Margolis Xiamen University Shanghai Academy of Jin Morioka Department of Economics Social Sciences Steadman Noble Bai-Cheng Apt. 19(202) Institute of Population Research Toshio Ono Xiamen, CHINA 622/7 Huaihai Zhong Lu Lois Paul Shanghai, 200020 CHINA Dimiter Philipov Stephen Yeh David Phillips University of Hawaii Melissa zur Loye Jennifer Pimentel Department of Sociology 1015 Tanbark Street Frank Ponsi 2424 Maile Way Columbus, IN 47203-1332 S. Raghavachari Honolulu, HI 96822 Marie Reijo Peteris Zvidrins Toni Richards Zeng Yi University of Latvia Krishna Roy Peking University Centre for Demography Carol Ryner Institute of Population Research 19 Rainis Boulevard J. Sandesara Beijing, 100871 CHINA Riga Swee-Hock Saw LV-1586 LATVIA G.B. Saxena Kirsten Yocom Shanti Seth Educational Testing Service Paul Singer Rosedale Road B. Maxwell Stamper Princeton, NJ 08541 No Address Roberta G. Steinman A.D. Bhatti Christina Su Mary Youngs-Rabinowicz Olga Boemeke Yi-Ping Sun 47 Hillside Court Michael Bosshart Johanna Swartzentruber Boulder, CO 80302 Johan Bring Katsuhide Tani Jessica Bull Lorne Tepperman Farhat Yusuf Juan Chackiel Duncan Thomas Macquarie University Ch’eng-Hain Chao Kozo Ueda Division of Economics and Shao Hsing Chen Barbara Van Buren Financial Studies C.A. Chiang Ronald Wade North Ryde Jane Crecco Liyun Wang NSW, 2109 AUSTRALIA Roberto Cuca Christopher Wilson Kumudini Dandekar Yasar Yesilcay Anna Zajacova Debra Donahoe Wiqar Zaidi Population Studies Center Moses Ebot Catherine Zalokar Institute for Social Research Kenneth Egusa Jun Zhu University of Michigan Charles Enoch 426 Thompson Street El Sayed El Daly Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Martina Evans Andrew Fenelon Melvin Zelnik Bamikale Feyisetan 1055 W. Joppa Road, Tomio Fumoto Apartment 418 Michelle Garretson Towson, MD 21204 Nancy Gilgosh Joseph Grinblat Elizabeth Zenger Timothy Guinnane Peking University Kuldip Gulati Institute of Population Research Keith Hazelton Beijing, 100871 CHINA Alice Hecht Alberto Hernandez Ruichuan Zha Ishrat Husain People’s University of China Ricardo Jimenez Department of Demography Leif Johansson Beijing, CHINA A. Meredith John Deborah Kaple Hongxin Zhao Elizabeth Karns Managing Analytic Consultant Asmerom Kidane IBM Market Intelligence Evelyn (Whang-Kyung) Koh Data Analytics Yun-Yu Ku 1133 Westchester Avenue Toshio Kuroda West Harrison, NY 10604 Ivan Lakos Yung-Jung Lee Hania Zlotnik Bin Li United Nations Guang-Qin Ma New York, NY 10017 Murari Majumdar

92 OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH OPR 2007 Annual Report

Edited by Judith Tilton

Printed by Color House

The OPR Annual Report is published annually by the Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544.

Annual Report 2007

Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544

Phone: 609.258.4870

Fax: 609.258.1039

Email: [email protected]

Website: opr.princeton.edu

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