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ANEXO IEARN.Pdf Contenido ECOSISTEMAS MARINOS Y COSTEROS: TIPOS Y ESTADO _________________________ 20 1. Cambios en la cobertura del suelo en el territorio y en ecosistemas estratégicos __ 21 1.1. Cambio de extensión del manglar en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta __________ 21 Definición y aplicación del indicador ____________________________________________________ 21 Interpretación de los resultados y consideraciones generales _________________________________ 21 1.2. Indicador de integridad biológica del manglar IBIm aplicado a la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta _________________________________________________________________ 22 Definición y aplicación del indicador ____________________________________________________ 22 Interpretación de los resultados y consideraciones generales _________________________________ 23 1.3. Índice de condición tendencia para corales ICTac ______________________________ 24 Resultados obtenidos ________________________________________________________________ 26 1.4. Representatividad ecosistémica en áreas marinas protegidas AMP _______________ 34 Recomendaciones y alternativas de manejo _______________________________________________ 35 2. Caracterización del proceso de erosión costera ____________________________ 36 2.1. Estudios puntuales de erosión costera departamentos: Magdalena, San Andrés, Bolívar, Córdoba Antioquia, Chocó Caribe, Sucre, Atlántico, Norte de Nariño y Valle de Cauca en 2014 y 2015 _______________________________________________________________ 36 Evolución de línea de costa ___________________________________________________________ 36 Amenaza y vulnerabilidad por erosión costera ____________________________________________ 38 2.2. Porcentaje de las áreas en zona costera con grados de erosión en el Caribe colombiano 40 2.3. Indicador de amenaza y vulnerabilidad por erosión costera _____________________ 40 2.4. Otras amenazas costeras: oleaje extremo para el Caribe colombiano _____________ 42 3. Estado de la calidad de las aguas superficiales continentales, marinas y costeras _ 44 3.1. Comportamiento de variables ambientales marinas y costeras evaluadas en Colombia 45 4. Variables de Estado de la Biodiversidad __________________________________ 51 4.1. Captura total por especie y talla de pesca artesanal e industrial en la Amazonía, costa Caribe y del Pacífico ___________________________________________________________ 51 Caribe Colombiano __________________________________________________________________ 51 Pacífico Colombiano _________________________________________________________________ 55 Ciénaga Grande De Santa Marta _______________________________________________________ 59 4.2. Especies invasoras marinas _______________________________________________ 62 Distribución y abundancia de Penaeus monodon en el golfo de Morrosquillo ___________________ 67 4.3. Especies aprovechadas por pesca en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta ___________ 69 CONDICIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS ACUÁTICOS Y TERRESTRES DE LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA, AÑO 2012. _________________________________________________ 73 1. Introducción ________________________________________________________ 74 2. Metodología empleada para determinar la condición de los ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres ______________________________________________________________ 75 3. Condición general de los ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres __________________ 76 3.1. Ecosistemas Acuáticos ___________________________________________________ 78 3.2. Ecosistemas Terrestres __________________________________________________ 79 4. Condición de los ecosistemas por departamento ___________________________ 80 4.1. Ecosistemas Acuáticos ___________________________________________________ 80 4.2. Ecosistemas Terrestres __________________________________________________ 81 5. Condición de los ecosistemas por Corporaciones Autónomas regionales y de desarrollo sostenible _____________________________________________________ 82 5.1. Ecosistemas Acuáticos ___________________________________________________ 82 5.2. Ecosistemas Terrestres __________________________________________________ 83 6. Condición de los ecosistemas por estado legal del territorio __________________ 84 PRINCIPALES CAMBIOS DE LAS COBERTURAS DE LA TIERRA EN LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA EN EL PERIODO 2012-2014. ____________________________________ 88 1. Introducción ________________________________________________________ 89 2. Distribución de las coberturas de la tierra en la amazonia en el periodo 2002 – 2014 90 3. Monitoreo de las coberturas en el periodo 2012 - 2014 ______________________ 94 3.1. Transformación de bosques (Tasa Media Anual de Pérdida de Bosques –TMAPB) ___ 94 TMAPB en toda la Amazonia __________________________________________________________ 94 TMAPB por Paisajes __________________________________________________________________ 96 TMAPB por Corporación ________________________________________________________________ 96 TMAPB por Estado Legal del Territorio _____________________________________________________ 97 TMAPB por departamentos ______________________________________________________________ 98 TMAPB por Municipios _________________________________________________________________ 98 3.2. Praderización – Aumento de Pastizales, (Tasa Media Anual de Praderización TMAP) 100 TMAP en toda la Amazonia ____________________________________________________________ 100 TMAP por paisajes ___________________________________________________________________ 101 TMAP por Corporación ________________________________________________________________ 102 TMAP por Estado Legal del Territorio _____________________________________________________ 102 TMAP por departamentos ______________________________________________________________ 103 TMAP por municipios _______________________________________________________________ 103 3.3. Degradación de bosques (Tasa Media Anual de Degradación de Bosques TMADB) _ 105 TMADB en toda la Amazonia ___________________________________________________________ 106 TMADB por paisajes _________________________________________________________________ 107 TMADB por Corporación_______________________________________________________________ 107 TMADB por Estado Legal del Territorio ____________________________________________________ 107 TMADB por departamentos ____________________________________________________________ 108 TMADB por municipios ________________________________________________________________ 109 3.4. Avances de la frontera agropecuaria ______________________________________ 109 Frontera agropecuaria en toda la Amazonia _____________________________________________ 110 AVANCES EN EL CONOCIMIENTO DEL CHOCO BIOGEOGRÁFICO __________________ 114 1. Estado de los ecosistemas y de la biodiversidad del choco biogeográfico. ______ 114 1.1. Impactos de las actividades antrópicas sobre los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad en el chocó biogeográfico: minería en rio quito. _______________________________________ 118 Área de estudio ____________________________________________________________________ 118 1.2. Línea base de información fisicoquímica, ambiental y sociocultural _____________ 122 Aspectos fisicoquímicos de las fuentes hídricas: __________________________________________ 122 Análisis fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos: _______________________________________________ 124 Macroinvertebrados: _______________________________________________________________ 125 Aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales del municipio de rio quito:___________________________ 129 Caracterización ambiental del rio quito y sus ecosistemas asociados. _________________________ 131 Evaluación fisicoquímica del río quito y de algunas fuentes hídricas que a él vierten: ____________ 135 Componente macroinvertebrados _____________________________________________________ 144 Componente vegetación_____________________________________________________________ 149 Componente fauna _________________________________________________________________ 158 Composición taxonómica de la avifauna asociada a las fuentes hídricas del área de influencia del municipio de Rio Quito: _____________________________________________________________ 172 Caracterización socioeconómica y cultural. Zona Rio Quito. ________________________________ 175 1.3. Estrategias de conservación en Comunidades Mineras de Oro y Platino __________ 179 Usos e impactos del recurso hídrico: ___________________________________________________ 179 Estrategias de manejo para la conservación de la cuenca de río quito en Comunidades Mineras. __ 188 1.4. Valoración integral de los ecosistemas cenagosos del municipio del medio atrato – chocó-caso ciénaga grande de beté. _____________________________________________ 192 Aspectos físicos y bióticos ___________________________________________________________ 194 Algas y macroinvertebrados: _________________________________________________________ 197 Mamíferos: _______________________________________________________________________ 211 Herpetofauna: _____________________________________________________________________ 212 Ictiofauna: ________________________________________________________________________ 214 Aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales _________________________________________________ 216 Infraestructura física y de servicios sociales: _____________________________________________ 217 Sistema de saneamiento básico y agua potable: __________________________________________ 217 Aspectos educativos: _______________________________________________________________ 218 Territorialidad: ____________________________________________________________________
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