Curriculum Vitae CHRISTOPHER I. BECKWITH PROFESSOR Indiana University, Department of Central Eurasian Studies 157 Goodbody Hall, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA (812) 855-2428 (office), (812) 855-2233 (department main office), (812) 361-1661 (mobile) [email protected], [email protected]

EDUCATION Ph.D. specializing in Inner Asian studies, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, Indiana University, minoring in East Asian (Chinese and Japanese) studies and Altaic (Turkic and Mongolian) studies, November, 1977. Dissertation: ‘A Study of the Early Medieval Chinese, Latin, and Tibetan Historical Sources on Pre-Imperial Tibet’. Thesis director: Professor Dr. Helmut Hoffmann. Special Student, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (dissertation research in Fu Ssu-nien Library, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) l974-l975. M.A. specializing in Tibetan, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, Indiana University, May, l974. Research Fellow, U.S. Department of State, Afghan-American Educational Commission, Kabul, 1972. M.A. Student, Graduate Department of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University, Taipei, l968-l969. B.A. in Chinese, Ohio State University, March, l968. B.A. Student, School of Design, Architecture, and Art, University of Cincinnati, 1963-1965. ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT Visiting Research Fellow, Käte Hamburger Kolleg “Dynamics in the History of Religions between Asia and Europe”, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, June 2011-August 2012. Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Humanities and Cultural Studies, Universität Wien (Institut für Orientalistik, Institut für Ostasienwissenschaften, and Institut für Südasien, Tibet und Buddhismuskunde), Febru- ary-June, 2009. Professeur Invité & Directeur d’Études, École Pratique des Hautes Études, IVe section (Section des Sciences Historiques et Philologiques), Sorbonne, Paris, May-June, 2008. Visiting Professor, Department of Religious Studies, University of California at Santa Barbara, June, 2007. Visiting Research Fellow, Institute for the Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan, August 2001-2002; September 2004-2005; July-August, 2007. Visiting Professor, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan, May-December 1996. Full Professor, Department of Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University, 1994–present. (Associate Professor with tenure, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, Indiana University, 1987-1994. Full member of the Graduate School, 1984–present. Tenure track, January, 1983. Member, East Asian Studies Center, 1983–present. Member, Medieval Studies Institute, 1980–present. Assistant Professor, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, January l978-1987. Lecturer, part-time, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, 1976-1977.) Visiting Professor of Chinese Studies and of Japanese Studies, School for Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1987-1988. Instructor, English Department, Chih-li College, Pan-ch’iao, Taiwan, 1968-1969. SELECTED AWARDS AND HONORS Academy of Korean Studies, World Distinguished Scholar series lecturer, November 25-30, 2013. Japan Foundation (Kokusai Kôryû Kikin) Short-Term Fellowships; Tokyo, summer 2007, 2013. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Long-term Research Fellowship, Tokyo, May-August, 2010. 2009 PROSE Award (first prize) of the Association of American Publishers (AAP) in the category ‘World History & Biography/Autobiography’ for Empires of the Silk Road (Princeton University Press 2009). Numata Distinguished Guest Speaker Series Lecturer, University of Oxford, June, 2008. Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship (2004); Bloomington and Dénia, Spain, September 2005-June 2006. Fulbright-Hays Faculty Research Abroad Fellowship; Tokyo, 2004-2005. Japan Foundation (Kokusai Kôryû Kikin) Long-term Fellowship; Tokyo, 2001-2002. Indiana University Overseas Research Grant for ‘Tangut Phonology Project’; Leiden, June 2000. Outstanding Young Faculty Award, Indiana University, summer 1986. MacArthur Fellowship, The MacArthur Foundation, 1986-1991.

1 RESEARCH Current Primary Research Fields Early Buddhism and Early Pyrrhonism; Central Eurasian and East Asian history and linguistics; religious and philosophical interaction between Central Eurasian and peripheral cultures; early Indic epigraphy; Old Chi- nese reconstruction; Old Tibetan linguistics; Southeast Asian linguistics; Tokharian; Aramaic. BOOKS Research Books in Progress Greek Buddha: Pyrrho’s encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia and India and the reshaping of European thought. On the philosophy of Pyrrho of Elis; the kind of Buddhism that influenced him when he was in Bactria and Gandhāra with Alexander the Great; the near-contemporary evidence of Megasthe- nes and the Mauryan inscriptions; and the impact of Pyrrho’s revolutionary philosophy in the West. Completed manuscript submitted to Princeton University Press, December 23, 2013. Chinese and Central Eurasians in Contact: Language and Culture from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages. A strictly linguistic reconstruction of the morphophonology of early Chinese, based on texts and loanwords shared in both directions with neighboring languages, especially Tibetan and Japanese-Koguryoic. Long-term project making steady progress. Four new papers written in summer, 2013. The spread of Scythian and Persian political-religious systems and the accumulation of wealth in the Axial Age. A study of the Central Eurasian Culture Complex in the Scythian Empire and the Persian Empire, focusing on the the stunning financial success of the ruling class and the merchants, and its implications for the development of rulership theories, metaphysics, and other topics dwelt on by ancient philosophers. Large-scale project seeking major grant funding. A Korean translation of my book Empires of the Silk Road has been accepted and is to be published in 2014. A Japanese translation of my book Empires of the Silk Road is underway; it will hopefully be published soon. Research Books Published Tufan zai zhongya: zhonggu zaoqi tufan, dashi, tangchao zhengduo shi [吐蕃在中亚 : 中古早期吐蕃、 大食、唐朝 争夺史]. Chinese translation of Tibetan Empire in Central Asia (1993). Urumchi: Xinjiang renmin chu- banshe, 2012. Warriors of the Cloisters: The Central Asian Origins of Science in the Medieval World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. (On the Buddhist origins of the college and the scientific method.) İpek Yolu İmparatorlukları: Bronz Çağı’ndan Günümüze Orta Asya Tarihi. (Turkish translation of Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.) Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık, 2011. Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Revised paperback edition, 2011. ★ Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III. Halle: IITBS GmbH, 2008. Majority author and editor. Koguryo, the Language of Japan’s Continental Relatives: An Introduction to the Historical-Comparative Study of the Japanese-Koguryoic Languages, with a Preliminary Description of Archaic Northeastern Middle Chinese. Second Edition. Leiden: Brill, 2007. (Third printing, 2008.) ★ Phoronyms: Classifiers, Class Nouns, and the Pseudopartitive Construction. New York: Peter Lang, 2007. ★ Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages II. Leiden: Brill, 2006. Majority author and editor. Koguryŏ: Ilbon-ŭl taeryuk-kwa yŏngyŏlsik’yŏ junŭn ŏn’ŏ. Korean translation of 2004 book. Seoul: Koguryŏ yŏn’gu chaedan, 2006. Koguryo, the Language of Japan’s Continental Relatives: An Introduction to the Historical-Comparative Study of the Japanese-Koguryoic Languages, with a Preliminary Description of Archaic Northeastern Middle Chinese. Leiden: Brill, 2004. ★ Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2002. Editor and major contributor. The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Ar- abs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987; revised edi- tion with a new afterword, 1993; reprinted continuously to present. Silver on Lapis: Tibetan Literary Culture and History. Bloomington: Tibet Soc., 1987. Ed. and contributor.

2 ARTICLES Research Articles in Progress The earliest Chinese words for ‘the Chinese’ and ‘China’: At the inception of the Axial Age in China. Manuscript undergoing revision, 19 pp. single spaced. On the authenticity of the “Aśokan” inscriptions. International Association for Buddhist Studies, Vienna, 2014, conference paper accepted; manuscript draft, 6 pp. single spaced. Apocope of Late Old Chinese short *a. Manuscript, 7 pp. single spaced. Joint paper with G.N. Kiyose, in progress. From Early Old Tibetan to Late Old Tibetan: Analysis of the major narrative texts on the Tibetan Empire. Joint paper with M.L. Walter, in progress. The Earliest Attested Turkic Language: The Chieh 羯 (*Kɨr) Language of the Fourth Century A.D. Jointly with Andrew Shimunek, Jonathan Anderson, Nicholas Kontovas, and Kurban Niyaz. Final manuscript, 15 pp. single-spaced. (On a Buddhist prophecy in an archaic Turkic language.) Research Articles Accepted and Forthcoming The Aramaic source of the East Asian word for ‘monastery’: Aspects of the Central Asian origin of the Buddhist vihāra in the Saka-Kushan Period. Journal Asiatique 302.1 (2014): 109-136. The pronunciation, origin, and meaning of A-shih-na in early Old Turkic. Eurasia in the Middle Ages: Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden. Ed. István Zimonyi. 7 pp. single spaced. Old Chinese ‘Boat’. Warring States Papers, Vol. 2. 8 pp. single spaced. Forest Śramaṇas and town Śramaṇas: On the lifestyles of early Buddhist ascetics. In: Nikolas Jaspert and Reinhard F. Glei, eds. Locating Religions. Leiden: Brill. Selected Research Articles Published1 Science Spun on the Silk Road. (Review article) Nature Vol. 502, 24 October 2013, pp. 445-446. On the Ethnolinguistic Position of Manchu and the Manchus within Central Eurasia and East Asia. Manzo- kushi kenkyū 10 (2012), pp. 17-30. (Japanese translation in the same issue, pp. 1-15.) On Zhangzhung and Bon. In: Henk Blezer, ed., Emerging Bon. Halle: IITBS GmbH, 2012, pp. 164-184. Pyrrho’s Logic: A Reexamination of Aristocles’ Record of Timon’s Account. Elenchos xxxii (2011) 2: 287-327. The Central Eurasian Culture Complex in the Tibetan Empire: The Imperial Cult and Early Buddhism. In: Ruth Erken, ed., 1000 Jahre asiatisch-europäische Begegnung. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2011, pp. 221-238. A Note on the Heavenly Kings of Ancient Central Eurasia. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 17 (2010) 7-10. Old Chinese Loanwords in Korean. In: Sang-Oak Lee, ed., Contemporary Korean Linguistics: International Perspectives. Seoul: Thaehaksa, 2010, pp. 1-22. The Sarvāstivādin Buddhist Scholastic Method in Medieval Islam and Tibet. In: Anna Akasoy, Charles Bur- nett, and Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim, eds., Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes. Aldershot: Ash- gate, 2010. Could There Be a Korean–Japanese Linguistic Relationship Theory? Science, the Data, and the Alternatives. A State-of-the-Field Article. International Journal of Asian Studies 7, 2 (2010), pp. 201-219. Old Chinese Loans in Tibetan and the Non-uniqueness of ‘Sino-Tibetan’. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III. Halle: IITBS GmbH, 2008, pp. 161-201. ★An Introduction to Theoretical and Methodological Problems in the Comparative-Historical Linguistics of Eastern Eurasian Languages. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III. Halle: IITBS GmbH, 2008, pp. 9-48. ★The Pai-lang songs: The earliest texts in a Tibeto-Burman language and their Late Old Chinese transcrip- tions. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III. Halle: IITBS GmbH, 2008, 87-110. The Frankish Name of the King of the Turks. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 2006/7, Vol. 15: 5-11. A Note on the Name and Identity of the Junghars. Mongolian Studies 2007, 29: 41-46. On the Proto-Indo-European Obstruent System. Historische Sprachforschung 2007, 120: 1-19. ★ Introduction: Toward a Tibeto-Burman Theory. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages II. Leiden: Brill, 2006, 1-38. The Sonority Sequencing Principle and Old Tibetan Syllable Margins. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Ti- beto-Burman Languages II. Leiden: Brill, 2006, 45-55. Old Tibetan and the Dialects and Periodization of Old Chinese. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Ti- beto-Burman Languages II. Leiden: Brill, 2006, 179-200.

3 Methodological Observations on Some Recent Studies of the Early Ethnolinguistic History of Korea and Vi- cinity. Altai Hakpo 2006, 16: 199-234. Comparative Morphology and Japanese-Koguryoic History: Toward an Ethnolinguistic Solution of the Al- taic Problem. Arutaigo kenkyû – Altaistic Studies 2006, 1: 121-137. The Ethnolinguistic History of the Early Korean Peninsula Region: Japanese-Koguryoic and Other Lan- guages in the Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla Kingdoms. Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies, 2005, Vol. 2-2: 34-64. On the Chinese Names for Tibet, Tabghatch, and the Turks. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 2005, 14: 5-20. Old Chinese. In: Philipp Strazny, ed., Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Vol. 2. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004, 771-774. Introducing Grendel. In: R. Aczel and P. Nemes, eds., The Finer Grain: Essays in Honor of Mihály Sze- gedy-Maszák. Bloomington: Uralic and Altaic Series, 2003, 301-311. On Korean and Tungusic Elements in the Koguryo Language. Transactions of the International Conference of Eastern Studies, No. XLVII, 2002, 82-98. Introduction. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed. Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2002, xiii-xix. ★ A Glossary of Pyu. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed. Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2002, 159-161. The Sino-Tibetan Problem. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed. Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2002, 113-157. ★ Two Pyu-Tibetan Isoglosses. In C.I. Beckwith, ed. Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2002, 27-38. Tibetan. In: Jane Garry and Carl Galvez Rubino, eds., Facts about the World’s Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World’s Major Languages, Past and Present. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2001, 740-744. Toward Common Japanese-Koguryoic: A Reexamination of Old Koguryo Onomastic Materials. J.J. Naka- yama and Charles Quinn, Jr., ed., Japanese/Korean Linguistics, 9. Stanford: CSLI, 2000, 3-16. The Idea of a Classifier System: Theoretical Problems in the Analysis of Japanese Noun Specification. Web Journal of Formal, Computational and Cognitive Linguistics, 1999. (Valery Solovyev, ed., Web Journal of Formal, Computational and Cognitive Linguistics, 1997-1999, CD edition, Kazan, 2000.) Noun Specification and Classification in Uzbek. Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 40.1, 1998, 124-140. ★ Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Noun Categorization, with Special Attention to Thai. In: Udom Waro- tamasikkhadit, ed. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (1994). Tempe, 1998, 73-82. The Morphological Argument for the Existence of Sino-Tibetan. Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, Vol. III. Bangkok, 1996, 812-826. ★ Class Nouns and Classifiers in Thai. In: Mark Alves, ed., Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (1993). Tempe, 1995, 1-16. Tibetan Language Reform: History and Future. In: I. Fodor, ed., Language Reform – History and Future. Hamburg, 1994, 73-83. Classifiers in Hungarian. In: István Kenesei and Csaba Pléh, eds., Approaches to Hungarian Vol. 4: The Structure of Hungarian. Szeged, 1992, 197-206. ★ Deictic Class Marking in Tibetan and Burmese. In: Martha Ratliff and Eric Schiller, eds., Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (1991). Tempe, 1992, 1-19. The Impact of the Horse and Silk Trade on the Economies of T’ang China and the Uighur Empire: On the Importance of International Commerce in the Early Middle Ages. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 34, 1991, 183-198. The Medieval Scholastic Method in Tibet and the West. In: L. Epstein and R. Sherburne, ed., Reflections on Tibetan Culture: Essays in Memory of Turrell V. Wylie. Lewiston, N.Y., 1990, 307-313. The Location and Population of Tibet According to Early Islamic Sources. Acta Orientalia Academiae Sci- entiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 43, 1989, 163-170. Tibetan Science at the Court of the Great Khans. Journal of the Tibet Society, Vol. 7, 1987, 5-11. The Tibetans in the Ordos and North China: Considerations on the Role of the Tibetan Empire in World History. In: C.I. Beckwith, ed., Silver on Lapis. Bloomington, 1987, 3-11. (Reprinted in Alex McKay, ed., The History of Tibet. London: Routledge-Curzon, 2003, Vol. 1, 227-234.) Aspects of the Early History of the Central Asian Guard Corps in Islam. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, Vol. 4, l984, 29-43. (Reprinted in C. Edmund Bosworth, ed., The Turks in the Early Islamic World. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007, 275-289.)

4 A Hitherto Unnoticed Yüan-Period Collection Attributed to ‘Phagspa. L. Ligeti, ed., Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Kőrös. Budapest, l984, 9-l6. The Plan of the City of Peace: Central Asian Iranian Factors in Early ‘Abbâsid Design. Acta Orientalia Ac- ademiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 38, l984, 128-147. The Revolt of 755 in Tibet. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Heft l0, 1983, 1-16. (Reprinted in Alex McKay, ed., The History of Tibet. London: Routledge-Curzon, 2003, I: 273-285.) The Tibetan Empire in the West. M. Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi, ed., Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson. Warminster, l980, 30-38. Tibetan Treacle: A Note on Theriac in Tibet. Tibet Society Bulletin, Vol. l5, l980, 49-5l. The Introduction of Greek Medicine into Tibet in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 99, l979, 297-3l3. On Fu-kuo and T’u-fan. Chao T’ieh-han hsien-sheng chi-nien lun-wen chi. Taipei: Wen-hai, l978, l-l9. Tibet and the Early Medieval Florissance in Eurasia: A Preliminary Note on the Economic History of the Tibetan Empire. Central Asiatic Journal, Vol. 2l, l977, 89-l04. Selected Joint Research Articles Published (With Michael L. Walter) The Dating and Interpretation of the Old Tibetan Inscriptions. Central Asiatic Journal, 54/2 (2010) pp. 290-317. (With Michael L. Walter) On the Meaning of Old Tibetan rje-blon during the Tibetan Empire Period. Jour- nal Asiatique 298.2 (2010) pp. 535-548. (With Gisaburo N. Kiyose) The Origin of the Old Japanese Twelve Animal Cycle. Arutaigo kenkyû – Altais- tic Studies 2008, 2: 1-18. (With Gisaburo N. Kiyose) The Silla Word for ‘walled city’ and the Ancestor of Modern Korean. Arutaigo kenkyû – Altaistic Studies 2006, 1: 1-10. ★ (With Ksenia B. Kepping) A Preliminary Glossary of Tangut from Tibetan Transcriptions. In: C.I. Beck- with, ed. Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2002, 185-187. Selected Recent Invited Research Lectures Academy of Korean Studies, Lecture Series of World Distinguished Scholars, November 25-30, 2013: • “The God of Heaven will know your thoughts”: The formative impact of the Central Eurasian Culture Complex on society and religion in early Asia and Europe. Nov. 27, 2013. • Attested Early Buddhism: The dated testimonies in Greek, Chinese, and Prakrit versus scholarly tradition. Nov. 27, 2013. • Sources of the Axial Age: Western Old Indic elements in Old Persian and their influence on China and Korea Nov. 28, 2013. Universiteit Leiden, Institute for History, Eurasian Empires project, June 13, 2012: • Near Eastern Indic sources of Achaemenid rule and their reflexes in Bactria and China Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Faculty of Medieval Studies, January 11, 2012: • The problem of Peter of Poitiers and his Sentences Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Medieval Studies, December 20, 2011: • The translations of Avicenna’s De anima and the origins of the quaestiones disputatae method University of London, Tibetan and Himalayan Studies, December 2, 2011: • Pyrrhonism and Madhyamika: Indian sources of Hellenistic philosophy Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Facultät für Ostasianwissenschaften, June 22, 2011: • Old Chinese Loanwords in Japanese and Korean and the Question of Genetic Relationships: The Case of the Twelve Animal Cycle Universität Wien, Vienna, East Asian Studies Institute, Faculty of Humanities, April 30, 2009: • Comparative-Historical Linguistics and East Asian Languages: the Rejection of Science Oxford University, Oxford, Faculty of Oriental Studies, Oriental Institute and Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, Numata Distinguished Guest Speaker Series Lecturer, June, 2008: • The Central Eurasian Culture Complex and the Tibetan Empire. June 10, 2008. • Central Asian Buddhist Sources of Early Scholasticism in Medieval Tibet, Islam, and Western Europe. June 12, 2008.

5 École Pratique des Hautes Études-Sorbonne, IVe section (Sciences historiques et philologiques), Paris, May-June, 2008: • The Comitatus and the Barrow: The Central Eurasian Culture Complex in early Japan, Merovingian France, and the Tibetan Empire. May 15, 2008. • Old Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Tibetan and the Problem of Old Chinese Dialects. May 22, 2008. • On the Name and Identity of the Tokharians: The Solution to an Old Philological and Historical Question. May 29, 2008. • Central Asian Sources of Thirteenth Century Scholasticism in Paris and Tibet. June 5, 2008. Seoul National University, Seoul, November 16, 2007: • Koguryo and the Other Languages of Early Korea, in the Light of Historical Linguistic Theory and Meth- odology. Universität Hamburg, Conference on the Language(s) of Koguryo and the Reconstruction of Old Korean and Neighboring Languages, Hamburg, September 23-24, 2005, invited lecture: • The Location and Linguistic Identification of the Koguryo Language. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, June 3, 2004: • The Silk Road and the Nomad Empires. Selected National and International Conference Papers2 *From script to performance: Reconstructing Central Eurasian languages as works of art. First Conference of Central Asian Language and Linguistics (ConCALL), Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR), Indiana University, Bloomington, May, 2014. Invited keynote paper. *On the authenticity of the “Aśokan” inscriptions. International Association for Buddhist Studies, Vienna, August, 2014. Status: accepted. The Importance of Being Circular: On rebirth, recursion, and circular logic in Buddhism and Pyrrhonism. Conference ‘Between Imagination and Encounter: Religious Cultures in Contact in Pre-Modern Central Asia and its Borders’. Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, June 5-6, 2012. The Origins and Spread of Zoroastriansm. Conference ‘The Influence of Central Eurasian Religious Beliefs on the Cultures of the Periphery’. Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, April 24-25, 2012. Forest Śramaṇas and urban Śramaṇas. Conference ‘Locating Religions. Contact, Diversity and Translocality’. Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, February 8-10, 2012. The Peoples of the Avestas, the Vedas, and the Old Testament as Religious Expatriates. Conference ‘Reli- gious Expatriation’. Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Dec. 16, 2011. Greek smorgasbord or Buddhist narratives? Identification of Pyrrho’s thought and practice. International conference ‘Buddhist Text Corpora and Iconography along the Silk Road: Dynamics of Transfer and In- teraction’. Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Nov. 23-25, 2011. The Original Sinification? The foundational Indian influence on early Taoism and the conceptualization of China. International conference ‘Between borrowing and taking over: The problem of Sinification and its implication for a theory of religious contacts.’ Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, August 5-6, 2011. Political theory and political reality in early modern to modern Eastern Eurasia: From Central Eurasian hier- archical feudalism to extreme modernism. International Conference: The changing nature of Asian rela- tions from the 18th to the early 20th century. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. April 18-20, 2011. (Invited paper) Tengri, the Comitatus, and Islam. The Turks and Islam: An International Conference. Bloomington, Sep- tember 11, 2010. On the Ethnolinguistic Position of Manchu and the Manchus within Central Eurasia and East Asia. 25th Annual Meeting of the Manchu History Society (満族史研究会 Manzokushi Kenkyukai). Komazawa University, Komazawa, May 29, 2010. Invited plenary paper. Modernism and its Continuing Impact on Science. Fulbright Association Conference, Buenos Aires, No- vember 6, 2010. Invited plenary paper. Dialectic in Buddhist and Islamic Central Asian Philosophical Texts. American Oriental Society, Chicago, March 15, 2008.

6 ★A Reexamination of the Pai-lang Songs. Third Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages Symposium, Interna- tional Association for Tibetan Studies, Bonn-Königswinter, August 31, 2006. The Location and Linguistic Identification of the Koguryo Language. Conference on the Language(s) of Koguryo and the Reconstruction of Old Korean and Neighboring Languages. Universität Hamburg, Sep- tember 23-24, 2005. Invited plenary paper. Comparative Morphology and Japanese-Koguryoic History: Toward an Ethnolinguistic Solution of the Al- taic Problem. The Altaistic Conference of Japan, Tokyo, November 27, 2004. The Silk Road and the Nomad Empires. Silk Road Symposium, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, June 3, 2004. Invited plenary paper. Archaic Koguryo, Old Koguryo, and the Relationship of Japanese to Korean. Paper given at the 13th Japa- nese/Korean Linguistics Conference, East Lansing, Michigan State University, August 1-3, 2003. Juncture and Edge Effects in Old Tibetan Syllable Codas, International Association for Tibetan Studies, Oxford University, September 6-12, 2003. On Korean and Tungusic Elements in the Koguryo Language, 47th International Conference of Eastern Studies, Tokyo and Kyoto, May 17-21, 2002 Complex initial clusters in Old Tibetan and phonological theory. Workshop on Tibeto-Burman Languages and Linguistics, Linguistic Society of America 2001 Summer Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, July 27-29, 2001. The Japanese-Koguryoic Family of Languages and the Chinese Mainland. Association for Asian Studies, San Diego, March 9-12, 2000. ★ Pyu and the Other Tibeto-Burman Languages: The Problem of Early Tibeto-Burman Dialectology. Medi- eval Tibeto-Burman Languages Symposium, Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden, June 24-30, 2000. ★ Toward the Establishment of a Scientific Field of Tibeto-Burman Historical Linguistics. Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden, June 24-30, 2000. The Correlation between Frequency and Rate of Retention. Computational Linguistics panel, Linguistic So- ciety of America, Chicago, January 6-9, 2000. Palatalization of Syllable Margins in Old Chinese: Origins and Consequences. 32nd International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, October 28-31, 1999. Toward Common Japanese-Koguryoic: A Reexamination of the Old Koguryo Onomastic Materials. 9th Jap- anese/Korean Linguistics Conference, Columbus, July 31-August 2, 1999. The Idea of a Classifier System: Theoretical Problems in the Analysis of Japanese Noun Specification. Language Typology Conference, Kazan, May 15-25, 1999. Old Chinese Initial *m- and Early Loanwords in Japanese and Tibeto-Burman. International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Lund, October 2-4, 1998. The T’ang Chinese Words in the Old Tibetan Annals: A Linguistic Analysis. International Association for Tibetan Studies, Bloomington, July 25-31, 1998. The Old Chinese Vocabulary in Proto-Tibeto-Burman and Proto-Japanic: Its Origins and Significance for the Linguistic History of East Asia. Conference ‘The Tibetans in China’, Philadelphia, April 24-26, 1998. In- vited paper. The Morphological Argument for the Existence of Sino-Tibetan. Fourth International Symposium on Lan- guage and Linguistics: Pan-Asiatic Linguistics, Bangkok, 1996. The Language of Music. Words and Music: An Inter-American Composition Workshop, Bloomington, 1994. Invited paper. ★ Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Noun Classification, with Special Attention to Thai. Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Bangkok and Chiang Mai, 1994. Categorization in Tibetan. American Oriental Society, Madison, 1994. ★ Class Nouns and Classifiers in Thai. Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Honolulu, 1993. The Tokharian Connection: Two Early Modern Contributions to the Solution of Philological Problems Con- cerning Tibet and the Tarim Region in the Middle Ages. American Oriental Society, Chapel Hill, 1993. Noun Classification in Uzbek. American Oriental Society, Cambridge, 1992. Classifiers in Hungarian. International conference ‘The Structure of Hungarian: Contemporary Approaches,’ Bloomington, 1992. ★ Deictic Class Marking in Tibetan and Burmese. Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Detroit, 1991.

7 The Linguistics of Body Parts in Tibetan. The Language of the Body: Plenary Session of the American Ori- ental Society, Atlanta, 1990. Invited plenary paper. Early Medieval International Trade via Inner Asia: The Impact of the Uighur Trade on the T’ang Economy. American Oriental Society, New Orleans, 1989. Some Implications of the Convergence Theory of Altaic Relationship. Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Bloomington, 1987. The Concept of the “Barbarian” in Chinese Historiography and Western Sinology: Rhetoric and the Creation of Fourth World Nations in Inner Asia. Association for Asian Studies, Boston, 1987. Invited paper. From T’ang to Sung: The Eurasian Historical Context. Association for Asian Studies, Chicago, 1986. Tibetan Science at the Court of the Great Khans. American Oriental Society, New Haven, 1986. The Medieval Tibetan Scholastic Method According to Saskya Paṇḍita. American Oriental Society, Ann Arbor, 1985. Early Islamic Sources on the Location and Population of Tibet. Csoma de Kőrös Memorial Symposium, Visegrád-Budapest, Hungary, l984. Invited paper. The Tibetan Empire in the Ordos and North China. International Conference ‘Beginning a Third Century of Tibetan Studies: A Conference Honoring the Birth of Csoma de Kőrös in l784.’ Indiana University, Bloomington, l984. The Royal Clan of the Turks in Chinese Bondage: A Preliminary Note on Turkic ‘Military Slavery’ in Sev- enth Century Eastern Eurasia. First International Conference of Turkic Studies, Bloomington, l983. A Note on the Ta-sheng yao-tao mi-chi. International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, New York, l982. The Arab-Chinese Alliance Against the Türgesh and Tibetans in the Early Eighth Century: Notes on the Imperial Rescripts Written by Chang Chiu-ling to T’ang Officials in Inner Asia. American Oriental Soci- ety, Austin, l982. The Revolt of 755 in Tibet. Csoma de Kőrös Symposium, Velm, Austria, l98l. The Plan of the City of Peace. American Oriental Society, Boston, l98l. The Tibetan Empire in the West. International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, Oxford, l979. The Image of Tibet in Medieval Islam. American Oriental Society, St. Louis, l979. A Note on Tibetan Dialectology. American Oriental Society, Washington, l973.

TEACHING Lecture and Seminar Courses Taught3 U482 The Civilization of Tibet U320/U520 Topic: The Tibetan Empire, 618-866 A.D. U320/U520 Topic: Early Medieval Eurasian Empires U320/U520 Topic: Trade and Cultural Relations in Medieval Eurasia U590 Colloquium Asiaticum, Topic: Problems in Historiography U483 Introduction to the History of Tibet U320/U520 Topic: The Eighth Century in Eurasia M500 Bibliography of Medieval Studies U320/U520 Topic: Islam in Afghanistan and Central Asia to 1600 U320/U520/M490 Topic: The Idea of Kingship in Early Medieval Europe and Asia U495 Islamic Central Asia to the Sixteenth Century U320/U520 Topic: The Intellectual History of Tibet and Inner Asia U320/E300/M490 Topic: The Silk Road U520 Topic: Languages of Tibet and Its Inner Asian Frontiers ★ U320/U520 Topic: Gender and Classifiers U581 Languages of Eastern Inner Asia U673 Typology of Central Eurasian Languages (offered biennially) U720 Seminar: Central Eurasian Art and Architecture U320/U520 Topic: Gender and Meaning: Sociolinguistic Aspects of Categorization U595 (also Universität Wien) Introduction to Central Eurasian History X060 Concentus Guitar Ensemble, Early Music Institute (co-Director, spring, 1997) U320/U520 Topic: Sources for the History of Medieval Central Asia U520/M700 Seminar: The Silk Road U520/L590 Structure of Sino-Tibetan. U720 Seminar: Themes and Issues in Central Asian Historiography

8 U190, R191 Introduction to Inner Asia/Empires of the Silk Road U320/U520, R329/R529 Buddhism in Central Asia U520 Structure of Tibetan University of Vienna: Ethnolinguistic History of East Asia U320/U520 Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans R790 Seminar in Central Eurasian Studies, Topic: Linguistics R329/R529 The Tibetan Empire R299, R290 Introduction to Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet: Empires of Central Eurasia R399/R599 Sources on Medieval Central Asia: The Golden Age Language Courses Taught3 U582, T673 (also Universität Wien) Old Tibetan U151-U152, U381-U382 Elementary Tibetan I-II U383-U384 Intermediate Tibetan I-II U589 Advanced Tibetan Readings U520 Topic: Readings in Tibetan Historical Texts U785 Seminar in Tibetan Literature U320/U520 Topic: Elementary Persian II U320/U520 Topic: T’ang Chinese Sources on Inner Asia U520 Topic: Advanced Old Tibetan U587 Advanced Tibetan II U320/U520, R399/R599 Topic: Chinese Texts on Central Eurasia T398/T598 Introduction to Tokharian *T398/T598 Introduction to Aramaic (spring 2015) Completed Ph.D. Dissertations in Central Eurasian Studies Directed Michael Walter (1980), Elliot Sperling (1983), Jiunn-Yih Chang (1984), Nicola Di Cosmo (1991), Dan Mar- tin (1991), Todd Gibson (1991), Yael Bentor (1991), Tsuguhito Takeuchi (1994), Carolyn Shields (1998), Geoff Childs (1998), John Erickson (2001), Anya King (2007), Andrew Shimunek (2013). Member of many other Ph.D. committees. Ph.D. Students Currently Directed Nicholas Kontovas (Central Eurasian Studies: Turkish and Persian concentration), Jonathan N. Washington (Central Eurasian Studies and Linguistics: Turkic concentration).

SERVICE Selected Professional Service4 Reviewer for Nature, 2013. Peer Reviewer for Language and Linguistics, 2013. Presentation “The Sciences vs. the Humanities or Why even good humanities scholarship must be Scientific” Science Cafe, Bloomington, April 2013. Discussion piece for Cliodynamics, March 2013. Essay on the origins of medieval science, for Berfrois, January 2013. Interview with Prof. Carla Nappi, Canada Research Council, on Warriors of the Cloisters, December, 2012, for New Books in East Asian Studies and New Books in Science, Technology, and Society. Two essays for HEPPAS Books blogs, published September, 2012. Peer Reviewer for Language Sciences, 2012— Manuscript Reviewer for Brill Academic Publishers, 2011— Plenary institute colloquium presentation on Markus Groß, ‘Buddhistische Einflüsse im frühen Islam?’ (2008). Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Germany, May 14, 2012. Co-organizer and Convenor, ‘The Influence of Central Eurasian Religious Beliefs on the Cultures of the Pe- riphery’. Conference, Käte Hamburger Kolleg, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Germany, April 24-25, 2012. Advisory Board Member, Dynamics in the History of Religions series, Brill publishers, Leiden, 2011– Interview with Town & Country magazine about Silk Road cities, November 23, 2010. Guest interviewee, KBS Korean National Television, program on Kao Hsien-chih (Ko Sŏnji). Interviewed January 20, 2010.

9 Guest interviewee, ABC Radio National, ‘Counterpoint’ program (Australian equivalent of National Public Radio), 20 minute segment entitled “The Silk Road,” November 30, 2009. Organizer and Convenor, Central Eurasian Colloquium. Denis Sinor Research Institute for Inner Asian Stud- ies, Indiana University, 2008-2009. ★Organizer, Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages Symposium III. Panels for the International Association for Tibetan Studies conference, Bonn-Königswinter, August 27-September 2, 2006. Panelist, ‘Sino-Tibetan Roundtable’ panel discussion chaired by Stefan Georg, Third Medieval Tibeto- Burman Languages Symposium. Bonn-Königswinter, August 31, 2006. ★Organizer, Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages Symposium II. Panels for the International Association for Tibetan Studies conference, Oxford, 2003. Organizer, Japanese Ethnolinguistic Origins: A Reappraisal. Panel for the Association for Asian Studies conference, San Diego, 2000. ★Organizer, Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages Symposium. Panels for the International Association for Tibetan Studies conference, Leiden, 2000. Member, Strategic Directions Charter Committee, Office of the President, Indiana University, 1995-1997. Member, Linguistics at Indiana University Committee, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1998— Chair, Department of Central Eurasian Studies (formerly Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies; name changed during my tenure as Chair), Indiana University, 1991-1994. Acting Associate Editor for Inner Asia, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1992. Member, Committee on International Projects and Programs, College of Arts & Sciences, Indiana U., 1992. ★Member, Organizational Steering Committee, Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 1991. Member, College of Arts and Sciences Area Studies Committee, Indiana University, 1991. Member, Study Group in Foreign Language Instruction, College of Arts & Sciences, Indiana U., 1989-1990. Chairman of the Sectional Committee, American Oriental Society, 1989-1990. Chairman of the Committee on the Program, American Oriental Society, 1989-1990. Organizer-Convenor, National Workshop on Proficiency-Oriented Tibetan Instruction, Bloomington, 1990. Assistant Director, Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center (Title VI grant), 1988-1994. Organizer, Plenary Session of the American Oriental Society, Los Angeles, 1987. Member, Library Committee, Bloomington Faculty Council, 1986-1987. Elected Sectional Committee Chairman for Inner Asia and Member of the Board of Directors, The American Oriental Society, 1985 (reelected 1988 and 1991)–1994. Organizer and Convenor, International Conference ‘Beginning a Third Century of Tibetan Studies: A Con- ference Honoring the Birth of Csoma de Kőrös in l784’ (Indiana University, Bloomington, l984). Member, Curriculum Committee, Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies, Indiana University, 1983-1984. Member, Editorial Board, T’ang Studies, 1983. Treasurer, T’ang Studies Society, 1982-1986. Chairman of First (organizational) Annual Meeting, T’ang Studies Society, 1982. Organizer and Founder, T’ang Studies Society, 1981-1983. Member, Board of Directors, Mongolia Society, l982-1989. Chairman of Nominating Committee, Board of Directors, Mongolia Society, l98l. Designer and first Editor, Journal of the Tibet Society, 1981-1984. Supervisory Committee Member, Medieval Studies Institute, Indiana University, l980-1985. One of the Founding Members, International Association for Tibetan Studies, Oxford University, 1979. Consultant, NEH project to catalog Tibetan books in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Asian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, l978. Professional Associations International Association for Buddhist Studies International Association for Tibetan Studies (founding member) Linguistic Society of America Société Asiatique T’ang Studies Society (founder) Warring States Workshop

10 Personal Information Birthplace: Michigan, U.S.A. Age: 68 Marital Status: Married, three children

NOTES 1. This list omits most encyclopedia articles, and all book reviews; jointly-authored articles are listed separately below. 2. Joint papers, exceptional lectures given more than five years ago, and local lectures and conference papers are omitted. 3. Courses are in rough chronological order from earliest to most recently taught (only the first time is listed, no matter how many times the course has been taught); courses presently taught annually are so indicated. Those numbered with a U, R, or T are Department of Central Eurasian Stud- ies courses; those with an E are Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures courses; those with an L are Department of Linguistics cours- es; those with an M are Medieval Studies Institute courses; and those with an X are courses in the Early Music Institute of the School of Music. 4. Chairmanship of ordinary conference panels is omitted from this list. * Asterisked (*) items are forthcoming (publications) or scheduled for some time during the coming year (lectures and other events).

11