Augustinian Values and Signs of the Times by Gary N. Mccloskey
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The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, Report Was Prepared by the World Justice Project
World Justice .:�=; Project World Justice Project ® Rule of Law Index 2020 The World Justice Project Rule The World Justice Project of Law Index® 2020 The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® 2020 Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, report was prepared by the World Justice Project. Kamel Ayadi, William C. Hubbard, Hassan Bubacar The Index’s conceptual framework and methodology Jallow, Suet-Fern Lee, Mondli Makhanya, Margaret were developed by Juan Carlos Botero, Mark David McKeown, William H. Neukom, John Nery, Ellen Agrast, and Alejandro Ponce. Data collection and Gracie Northfleet, James R. Silkenat and Petar Stoyanov. analysis for the 2020 report was performed by Lindsey Bock, Erin Campbell, Alicia Evangelides, Emma Frerichs, Directors Emeritus: President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai Joshua Fuller, Amy Gryskiewicz, Camilo Gutiérrez Patiño, Matthew Harman, Alexa Hopkins, Ayyub Officers: Mark D. Agrast, Vice President; Deborah Ibrahim, Sarah Chamness Long, Rachel L. Martin, Jorge Enix-Ross, Vice President; Nancy Ward, Vice A. Morales, Alejandro Ponce, Natalia Rodríguez President; William C. Hubbard, Chairman of the Cajamarca, Leslie Solís Saravia, Rebecca Silvas, and Board; Gerold W. Libby, General Counsel and Adriana Stephan, with the assistance of Claudia Secretary; William H. Neukom, Founder and CEO; Bobadilla, Gabriel Hearn-Desautels, Maura McCrary, James R. Silkenat, Director and Treasurer. Emma Poplack, and Francesca Tinucci. The report was produced under the executive direction of Elizabeth Executive Director: Elizabeth Andersen Andersen. Chief Research Officer: Alejandro Ponce Lead graphic designer for this report was Priyanka Khosla, with assistance from Courtney Babcock. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2020 report was made possible by the generous supporters of the work of the Lead website designer was Pitch Interactive, with World Justice Project listed in this report on page 203. -
PHIL 269: Philosophy of Sex and Love: Course Outline
PHIL 269: Philosophy of Sex and Love: Course Outline 1. Title of Course: Philosophy of Sex and Love 2. Catalogue Description: The course investigates philosophical questions regarding the nature of sex and love, including questions such as: what is sex? What is sexuality? What is love? What kinds of love are possible? What is the proper morality of sexual behavior? Does gender, race, or class influence how we approach these questions? The course will consider these questions from an historical perspective, including philosophical, theological and psychological approaches, and then follow the history of ideas from ancient times into contemporary debates. A focus on the diversity theories and perspectives will be emphasized. Topics to be covered may include marriage, reproduction, casual sex, prostitution, pornography, and homosexuality. 3. Prerequisites: PHIL 110 4. Course Objectives: The primary course objectives are: To enable students to use philosophical methods to understand sex and love To enable students to follow the history of ideas regarding sex and love To enable students to understand contemporary debates surrounding sex and love in their diversity To enable students to see the connections between the history of ideas and their contemporary meanings To enable students to use (abstract, philosophical) theories to analyze contemporary debates 5. Student Learning Outcomes The student will be able to: Define the direct and indirect influence of historical thinkers on contemporary issues Define and critically discuss major philosophical issues regarding sex and love and their connections to metaphysics, ethics and epistemology Analyze, explain, and criticize key passages from historical texts regarding the philosophy of sex and love. -
Humility, Justice, Goodness
SANTA MARGARITA CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL strives to bring the nurturing charism of Caritas Christi – the love of Christ – to our community of faith and learning. In the 17th century, Jesus revealed a vision of His Sacred Heart to St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, the patroness of our school. It is the heart of Jesus that impels us to live Caritas Christi. By embodying Gospel values we can be the heart of Christ in the world today. OUR CORE PRINCIPLES To live CARITAS CHRISTI is to be a person of: COMPASSION, who ACTS and SPEAKS with concern for others. “Do nothing from selfishness; rather, humbly regard others as more important than yourselves.” - Philippians 2:3 • Affirm the inherent value and dignity of each person • Be present to another’s needs • Forgive another, as you would want to be forgiven HUMILITY, who UNDERSTANDS themselves in relationship to God. “The Son of Man came not to be served but to serve.” – Mark 1:45 • Express gratitude to God for life’s many gifts • Engage life as a “We” rather than a “Me” person • Use one’s gifts in service to others JUSTIC E, who RESPECTS and ADVOCATES for the dignity of ALL PEOPLE and CREATION. “Blessed are those who do what is right, whose deeds are always just.” – Psalm 106:3 • Give generously without expecting something in return • Speak and act truefully in all circumstances • Seek and promote the well-being of others GOODNESS, who reflects the image of God in THOUGHT, WORD and ACTION. “You have been told what is good, and what the Lord requires of you: Only to do justice and to love goodness, and to walk humbly with your God.” – Micah 6:8 • Develop and demonstrate moral character that reflects the virtues of Christ • Encourage one another and build one another up • Accompany each other on life’s spiritual journey . -
Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals
Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals David Hume 1740 Copyright © Jonathan Bennett 2017. All rights reserved [Brackets] enclose editorial explanations. Small ·dots· enclose material that has been added, but can be read as though it were part of the original text. Occasional •bullets, and also indenting of passages that are not quotations, are meant as aids to grasping the structure of a sentence or a thought. Every four-point ellipsis . indicates the omission of a brief passage that seems to present more difficulty than it is worth. Longer omissions are described, between brackets, in normal-sized type. First launched: October 2008 Contents Part i: Virtue and vice in general 234 1: Moral distinctions aren’t derived from reason.......................................... 234 2: Moral distinctions are derived from a moral sense...................................... 242 Part ii: Justice and injustice 246 1: Justice natural or artificial?................................................... 246 2: The origin of justice and property................................................ 250 3: The rules that settle who owns what.............................................. 260 4: The transference of property by consent............................................ 266 5: The obligation of promises..................................................... 267 6: Further thoughts about justice and injustice......................................... 272 Treatise III David Hume 7: The origin of government..................................................... 275 -
Eternity and Immortality in Spinoza's Ethics
Midwest Studies in Philosophy, XXVI (2002) Eternity and Immortality in Spinoza’s Ethics STEVEN NADLER I Descartes famously prided himself on the felicitous consequences of his philoso- phy for religion. In particular, he believed that by so separating the mind from the corruptible body, his radical substance dualism offered the best possible defense of and explanation for the immortality of the soul. “Our natural knowledge tells us that the mind is distinct from the body, and that it is a substance...And this entitles us to conclude that the mind, insofar as it can be known by natural phi- losophy, is immortal.”1 Though he cannot with certainty rule out the possibility that God has miraculously endowed the soul with “such a nature that its duration will come to an end simultaneously with the end of the body,” nonetheless, because the soul (unlike the human body, which is merely a collection of material parts) is a substance in its own right, and is not subject to the kind of decomposition to which the body is subject, it is by its nature immortal. When the body dies, the soul—which was only temporarily united with it—is to enjoy a separate existence. By contrast, Spinoza’s views on the immortality of the soul—like his views on many issues—are, at least in the eyes of most readers, notoriously difficult to fathom. One prominent scholar, in what seems to be a cry of frustration after having wrestled with the relevant propositions in Part Five of Ethics,claims that this part of the work is an “unmitigated and seemingly unmotivated disaster.. -
Statements on Poverty
Statements on poverty It is not from your own possessions that you are bestowing alms on the poor, you are but restoring to them what is theirs by right. For what was given to everyone for the use of all, you have taken for your exclusive use. The earth belongs not to the rich, but to everyone. Thus, far from giving lavishly, you are but paying part of your debt. St Ambrose It is not wrong to want to live better; what is wrong is a style of life, which is presumed to be better when it is directed towards 'having' rather than 'being'. Centesimus Annus, # 36 Its [the Church's] desire is that the poor should rise above poverty and wretchedness, and should better their condition in life; and for this it strives. Rerum Novarum, # 23 When there is a question of protecting the rights of individuals, the poor and helpless have a claim to special consideration. The rich population has many ways of protecting themselves, and stands less in need of help. Rerum Novarum # 29 While an immense mass of people still lack the absolute necessities of life, some, even is less advanced countries, live sumptuously or squander wealth. Luxury and misery rub shoulders. While the few more enjoy very great freedom of choice, the many are deprived of almost all possibility of acting on their own initiative and responsibility, and often subsist in living and working conditions unworthy of human beings. Gaudium et Spes # 63 The principle of participation leads us to the conviction that the most appropriate and fundamental solutions to poverty will be those that enable people to take control of their own lives. -
Theme 4 of Catholic Social Teaching
THEME 4 OF CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING: OPTION FOR THE POOR AND VULNERABLE A basic moral test is how our most vulnerable members are faring. In a society marred by deepening divisions between rich and poor, our tradition recalls the story of the Last Judgment (Mt. 25: 31-46) and instructs us to put the needs of the poor and vulnerable first. Scripture . Exodus 22:20-26 You shall not oppress the poor or vulnerable. God will hear their cry. Leviticus 19:9-10 A portion of the harvest is set aside for the poor and the stranger. Job 34:20-28 The Lord hears the cry of the poor. Proverbs 31:8-9 Speak out in defense of the poor. Sirach 4:1-10 Don’t delay giving to those in need. Isaiah 25:4-5 God is a refuge for the poor. Isaiah 58:5-7 True worship is to work for justice and care for the poor and oppressed. Matthew 25:34-40 What you do for the least among you, you do for Jesus. Luke 4:16-21 Jesus proclaims his mission: to bring good news to the poor and oppressed. Luke 6:20-23 Blessed are the poor, theirs is the kingdom of God. 1 John 3:17-18 How does God’s love abide in anyone who has the world’s good and sees one in need and refuses to help? . 2 Corinthians 8: 7,9,13 Exhorts Christians to excel in grace of giving Tradition Still, when there is question of defending the rights of individuals, the poor and badly off have a claim to especial consideration. -
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
High School: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Grade: High School-- Course 2, Course 4, Course 5, Course 6, and Option C. “This is the original meaning of Doctrinal concepts: justice, where we are in right • Course 2: God creates the human person in his image and likeness; we must respect the dignity relationship with God, with one of all (CCC 1700-1709); another, and with the rest of God's • Course 4: The unity of the human race (CCC creation. Justice was a gift of grace 760, 791, 813-822); given to all of humanity." • Course 6: The natural moral law as the basis for – U.S. bishops, Open Wide Our Hearts human rights and duties (CCC 1956-1960); • Option C: Christ’s command to love one another as he has loved us (CCC 1823, 2196) Objectives Students should be able to: 1. Become familiar with Catholic Social Teaching (CST) on the life and dignity of the human person. 2. Reflect on how racism rejects the image of God present in each of us. 3. Understand how the life and witness of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. exemplifies the social engagement called for by CST. Quotes from Open Wide our Hearts • "Overcoming racism is a demand of justice, but because Christian love transcends justice, the end of racism will mean that our community will bear fruit beyond simply the fair treatment of all." High School Activity: Dr. King • "Racism is a moral problem that requires a moral remedy—a transformation of the human heart—that impels us to act. -
The Pre-History of Subsidiarity in Leo XIII
Journal of Catholic Legal Studies Volume 56 Number 1 Article 5 The Pre-History of Subsidiarity in Leo XIII Michael P. Moreland Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcls This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Catholic Legal Studies by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FINAL_MORELAND 8/14/2018 9:10 PM THE PRE-HISTORY OF SUBSIDIARITY IN LEO XIII MICHAEL P. MORELAND† Christian Legal Thought is a much-anticipated contribution from Patrick Brennan and William Brewbaker that brings the resources of the Christian intellectual tradition to bear on law and legal education. Among its many strengths, the book deftly combines Catholic and Protestant contributions and scholarly material with more widely accessible sources such as sermons and newspaper columns. But no project aiming at a crisp and manageably-sized presentation of Christianity’s contribution to law could hope to offer a comprehensive treatment of particular themes. And so, in this brief essay, I seek to elaborate upon the treatment of the principle of subsidiarity in Catholic social thought. Subsidiarity is mentioned a handful of times in Christian Legal Thought, most squarely with a lengthy quotation from Pius XI’s articulation of the principle in Quadragesimo Anno.1 In this proposed elaboration of subsidiarity, I wish to broaden the discussion of subsidiarity historically (back a few decades from Quadragesimo Anno to the pontificate of Leo XIII) and philosophically (most especially its relation to Leo XIII’s revival of Thomism).2 Statements of the principle have historically been terse and straightforward even if the application of subsidiarity to particular legal questions has not. -
Justice and Humility in Technology Design
2006-85: JUSTICE AND HUMILITY IN TECHNOLOGY DESIGN Steven VanderLeest, Calvin College Steven H. VanderLeest is a Professor of Engineering at Calvin College. He has an M.S.E.E. from Michigan Tech. U. (1992) and Ph.D. from the U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1995). He received a “Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers” Award in 2004 and 2005 and was director of a FIPSE grant “Building IT Fluency into a Liberal Arts Core Curriculum.” His research includes responsible technology and software partitioned OS. Page 11.851.1 Page © American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Justice and Humility in Technology Design 1 Abstract Engineeringdesignrequireschoosing betweenvariousdesignalternatives,weighing eachoption basedontechnicaldesigncriteria.Broader criteriahave beensuggestedthatencompassthe cultural,historical,andphilosophicalcontextsinwhichthenewtechnology becomesembedded. Thesecriteria,calleddesignnorms,canonly beappliedeffectively by engineerswithastrong liberaleducation.This paperexaminestwodesignnormsinsomedetail.Thefirstnorm,justice, has beennotedinthe pastasanimportantcriterionfordesigndecisions,butnottosufficient depthtoprovide practicaldesigninsights.Designfor justicerequiresconsiderationofall stakeholdersof adesign.Technologicaldesignscanintrinsicallyleadtoinjustice,forexample, iftheydisrespectstakeholdersorcausediscriminatoryinequities.Thesecondnormexploredin this paper,humility,hastypically beenconsideredagoodqualityoftheengineer,butnotoften appliedtotechnology.Theimplicationsofusing humility as adesigncriterionmightinclude moreemphasisonreliability,userfeedback,andmore -
Mohist Theoretic System: the Rivalry Theory of Confucianism and Interconnections with the Universal Values and Global Sustainability
Cultural and Religious Studies, March 2020, Vol. 8, No. 3, 178-186 doi: 10.17265/2328-2177/2020.03.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING Mohist Theoretic System: The Rivalry Theory of Confucianism and Interconnections With the Universal Values and Global Sustainability SONG Jinzhou East China Normal University, Shanghai, China Mohism was established in the Warring State period for two centuries and half. It is the third biggest schools following Confucianism and Daoism. Mozi (468 B.C.-376 B.C.) was the first major intellectual rivalry to Confucianism and he was taken as the second biggest philosophy in his times. However, Mohism is seldom studied during more than 2,000 years from Han dynasty to the middle Qing dynasty due to his opposition claims to the dominant Confucian ideology. In this article, the author tries to illustrate the three potential functions of Mohism: First, the critical/revision function of dominant Confucianism ethics which has DNA functions of Chinese culture even in current China; second, the interconnections with the universal values of the world; third, the biological constructive function for global sustainability. Mohist had the fame of one of two well-known philosophers of his times, Confucian and Mohist. His ideas had a decisive influence upon the early Chinese thinkers while his visions of meritocracy and the public good helps shape the political philosophies and policy decisions till Qin and Han (202 B.C.-220 C.E.) dynasties. Sun Yet-sen (1902) adopted Mohist concepts “to take the world as one community” (tian xia wei gong) as the rationale of his democratic theory and he highly appraised Mohist concepts of equity and “impartial love” (jian ai). -
5. What Matters Is the Motive / Immanuel Kant
This excerpt is from Michael J. Sandel, Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?, pp. 103-116, by permission of the publisher. 5. WHAT MATTERS IS THE MOTIVE / IMMANUEL KANT If you believe in universal human rights, you are probably not a utili- tarian. If all human beings are worthy of respect, regardless of who they are or where they live, then it’s wrong to treat them as mere in- struments of the collective happiness. (Recall the story of the mal- nourished child languishing in the cellar for the sake of the “city of happiness.”) You might defend human rights on the grounds that respecting them will maximize utility in the long run. In that case, however, your reason for respecting rights is not to respect the person who holds them but to make things better for everyone. It is one thing to con- demn the scenario of the su! ering child because it reduces overall util- ity, and something else to condemn it as an intrinsic moral wrong, an injustice to the child. If rights don’t rest on utility, what is their moral basis? Libertarians o! er a possible answer: Persons should not be used merely as means to the welfare of others, because doing so violates the fundamental right of self-ownership. My life, labor, and person belong to me and me alone. They are not at the disposal of the society as a whole. As we have seen, however, the idea of self-ownership, consistently applied, has implications that only an ardent libertarian can love—an unfettered market without a safety net for those who fall behind; a 104 JUSTICE minimal state that rules out most mea sures to ease inequality and pro- mote the common good; and a celebration of consent so complete that it permits self-in" icted a! ronts to human dignity such as consensual cannibalism or selling oneself into slav ery.