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Notes on Polygonaceae in Japan and Its Adjacent Regions (I)

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Notes on Polygonaceae in Japan and Its Adjacent Regions (I) 植物研究雑誌 Originals J. Jpn. Bot. 82: 1–19 (2007) Notes on Polygonaceae in Japan and Its Adjacent Regions (I) Koji YONEKURA Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University, 12–2 Kawauchi, Sendai 980-0862 JAPAN E-ail: [email protected] (Recieved on June 26, 2006) Taxonomic and floristic notes are provided about recent floristic account of Japanese Polygonaceae (Yonekura 2006), along with further additions and corrections. 1. Yonekura and Ohashi (1997)’s classification system of Polygonaceae is modified based on molecular phylogeny. 2. Additional comments are made about a few cultivated or naturalized genera of Rumiceae not treated in Yonekura (2006). 3–7. Floristic and taxo- nomic comments are made about Rumex acetosella (3), R. alpestris (4), R. nepalensis (5), R. madaio, R. longifolius, R. gmelinii and R. aquaticus (6) and R. dentatus (7) in Japan and its adjacent regions. Lectotype of R. madaio is designated. Key words: flora, Japanese Polygonaceae, classification system, Rumiceae, Rumex. Polygonaceous plants have not been Polygonaceae is divided into two clades. revised throughout East Asia since Steward One consists of tribes Polygoneae, Persica- (1930) and Rechinger (1949). These studies, rieae and Rumiceae in the sense of Ronse de especially the former, are rather preliminary Craene and Akeroyd (1988), and another being based on limited herbarium materials. consists of tribes Coccolobeae, Triplareae After these publications East Asian Poly- and Eriogoneae (Fig. 1). Eriogoneae has gonaceae have mostly been treated in re- been regarded as representing its own sub- gional floristic studies, but delimitations of family Eriogonoideae and all the rest of genera and species are highly diverse among Polygonaceae have been included in the sub- these regional floras. In a few groups world- family Polygonoideae (Haraldson 1978, wide or international monographs were made Ronse de Craene and Akeroyd 1988, (e. g., Park 1988) but their results are still not Brandbyge 1993), but monophyly of the widely accepted. Recently I published a Polygonoideae was not supported by Lamb monographic account of Japanese Polygona- Frye and Kron (2003). Plants belonging to ceae (Yonekura 2006) in which several new the latter clade are predominantly woody and opinions were proposed. Here I will describe confined almost exclusively to the New these opinions in detail, together with further World, but apomorphic characters shared in additions and corrections to Yonekura the clade are not known so far. (2006). Polygonum s. l. as circumscribed by Meisner (1826, 1856) has been considered as 1. Infrafamilial classification and generic heterogeneous and variously subdivided as delimitation of Polygonaceae summarized by Yonekura and Ohashi Based on a recent molecular phylogeny (1997). Among many classification systems using rbcL (Lamb Frye and Kron 2003), subdividing Polygonum s. l. the systems —1— 2 植物研究雑誌 第82巻第1号平成19年2月 proposed by Haraldson (1978) and by Ronse Kron (2003) did not provide an answer about de Craene and Akeroyd (1988) have been the problem of circumscription of Fallopia frequently used in recent floras. Both because they did not include Fallopia s. str. Haraldson (1978) and Ronse de Craene and in their analysis. For placement of Akeroyd (1988) disintegrated Polygonum s. Fagopyrum (3), Lamb Frye and Kron (2003) l. into several genera and placed them into supported neither Haraldson (1978) nor two or three different tribes together with Ronse Decraene and Akeroyd (1988) as they many genera traditionally considered as dis- revealed Fagopyrum as a sister of the rest of tinct from Polygonum s. l. The systems pro- the clade consisting of Polygoneae, posed by Haraldson (1978) and by Ronse de Persicarieae and Rumiceae. Lamb Frye and Craene and Akeroyd (1988) were different Kron (2003) implied that many changes in from each other mainly in the following the classification of the genus Polygonum three aspects: s. l. were necessary, but their results seem (1). Circumscription of Persicaria and accordant with the extant systems as far as its related genera: Ronse de Craene and the generic circumscription. Here I keep the Akeroyd (1988) united Persicaria, classification system of Yonekura and Bistorta and Aconogonon into one Ohashi (1997) for Polygonum s. l. except the genus Persicaria, which were recog- placement of Fagopyrum, representing its nized as distinct genera by Haraldson own tribe to be newly described. Fagopyrum (1978). has such characters as stalked floral (2). Circumscription and placement of nectaries, tricolporate pollen grains with Fallopia and its related genera: peculiar sculpture (Hong 1988, Hong and Haraldson (1978) placed Fallopia and Choi 1998, Zhou et al. 2003), plicate cotyle- Reynoutria within Coccolobeae, but dons and unique basic chromosome number Ronse de Craene and Akeroyd (1988) x 8, some of which are considered as united them as a single genus Fallopia apomorphic. These characters, along with and placed this within Polygoneae. the phylogenetic position distant from any (3). Placement of Fagopyrum: other genera of Polygonum s. l., suggests Haraldson (1978) placed Fagopyrum Fagopyrum as a distinct tribe of its own. The within Polygoneae but Ronse de Craene newly described tribe Fagopyreae Yonek. is and Akeroyd (1988) placed it within to be monotypic as I circumscribe Fago- Persicarieae. pyrum broadly including Pteroxygonum I formerly proposed a classification Dammer & Diels (China), Eskemukerjea system for East Asian Polygonoideae (Yone- Malick & Sengupta (Nepal) and Harpago- kura and Ohashi 1997) combining the two carpus Hutch. & Dandy (E. Africa) follow- systems, i. e. adopting Haraldson’s view for ing Hong (1988) and Brandbyge (1993). (1), and Ronse de Craene and Akeroyd’s In conclusion, I adopt the following classi- view for (2) and (3). Lamb Frye and Kron fication system for native, naturalized and (2003) supported Haraldson’s view for (1), cultivated species of Polygonaceae in Japan. as Persicaria in the sense of Ronse de Among the tribes accepted here Coccolobeae Craene and Akeroyd (1988) was proved is still paraphyletic (Fig. 1) but I tentatively paraphyletic, and supported Ronse de Craene retain it as a tribe following the recently pub- and Akeroyd’s view for (2) on the generic lished North American Flora. Genera written placement of Fallopia,asthey showed close in bold font are native to Japan; those written relationship between Polygonum s. str. and in italic font are only naturalized or culti- Fallopia. Unfortunately Lamb Frye and vated. Genera with asterisk are not treated in February 2007 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 82 No. 1 3 Fig. 1. Simplified phylogenetic relationship among selected genera of Polygonaceae after Lamb Frye and Kron (2003) and their position in the systems proposed by Haraldson (1978), Ronse de Craene and Akeroyd (1988) and the present author adopted in Yonekura (2006). Differences between systems of Haraldson (1978) and Ronse de Craene and Akeroyd (1988) are indicated in bold. Yonekura (2006). Bistorta (L.) Scop. Aconogonon Rchb. Tribe Rumiceae KoenigiaL.＊ Rumex L. Persicaria Mill. Oxyria Hill Rheum L.＊ Tribe Coccolobeae Emex Campd.＊ Antigonon Endl. Coccoloba L. Tribe Fagopyreae Yonek. (in K. Iwats. & al., Fl. Japan 2a: 132, in nota, 2006). 2. Classification of Rumiceae, with com- Fagopyrum Mill. ments on a few cultivated or naturalized genera not treated in Yonekura (2006) Tribe Polygoneae The tribe Rumiceae is subdivided into Polygonum L. three well-defined genera in East Asia: Fallopia Adans. (including Reynoutria Rumex, Oxyria and Rheum, the former two Houtt.) are native to Japan. Rumex in East Asia is Muehlenbeckia Meisn. (including subdivided into three subgenera, Rumex, Homalocladium L. H. Bailey) Acetosa and Acetosella (Rechinger 1949). These subgenera have often been treated as Tribe Persicarieae distinct genera (Tzvelev 1989) due to differ- 4 植物研究雑誌 第82巻第1号平成19年2月 ences of sex expressions and basic chromo- Fourr.), a cosmopolitan weed probably some numbers. These genera are, however, native of Europe, is variable not only mor- undoubtedly more closely related to each phologically but also cytologically and has other than any other genera in Rumiceae, and been variously divided into several a few intermediates among the subgenera are infraspecific taxa or into different species. recorded outside Asia. I follow traditional Recent studies on European plants showed it opinion treating them as subgenera of Rumex to be divided into four subspecies based on (Rechinger 1949, Li et al. 1998, 2003, number of lateral lobes of radical leaves and Mosyakin 2005). angiocarpy of inner tepals (Nijs 1984, Yonekura (2006) recorded 18 species (10 Akeroyd 1991). Japanese plants are gener- native, 8 naturalized) and 13 hybrids of ally uniform in shape of leaves with one pair Rumex and one native species of Oxyria in of lateral lobes developed on each radical Japanese Rumiceae. A few species of Rheum leaf. Tepals of nearly all the fruiting speci- e. g., R. rhabarbarum L., R. palmatum L. mens from Japan, including old collections and R. coreanum Nakai, are often cultivated made in the late 19th century are as vegetables or medicinal herbs in cooler angiocarpous, i.e. inner tepals fused with regions of Japan but not naturalized. Meisner each other tightly enclosing achenes. These (1865) mentioned fragmental specimens of specimens are therefore referable to the sub- Rheum from the Siebold herbarium in L species pyrenaicus (Pourr. ex Lapeyr.) from Japan but not enumerated due to the Akeroyd. Tzvelev
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