Suomen Putkilokasvien Luettelo Lisäyksiä Ja Muutoksia Perusteluineen 1

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Suomen Putkilokasvien Luettelo Lisäyksiä Ja Muutoksia Perusteluineen 1 Juha Suominen Piirrokset Erna Ender © LUOMUS 2020 ARTO KURTTO RAINO LAMPINEN MIKKO PIIRAINEN PERTTI UOTILA Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo Lisäyksiä ja muutoksia perusteluineen 1 ykyisin kasvien käy­ ran vuodessa ja pyrkiä myös ka (Cardamine occulta) ovat vil­ viksi katsotuissa tie­ perustelemaan lisäykset ja var­ jelykarkulaisia. Kokonaan uu­ Nteellisissä ja kansal­ sinkin muutokset, elleivät ne sia taksoneita koskevat tiedot lisissakin nimissä tapahtuu ole itsensä selittäviä. Päivityk­ on pääosin poimittu Luonnon­ useista syistä muutoksia nope­ set annetaan heimojärjestyk­ tieteellisen keskusmuseon kas­ ammin kuin kenties koskaan sessä ja heimojen alla tieteellis­ vitieteen yksikön ylläpitämäs­ aikaisemmin ja kasveja kul­ ten nimien aakkosjärjestykses­ tä Kastikka-tietokannasta, joka keutuu tai kuljetetaan runsaas­ sä noudattaen hieman sovelta­ on myös Kasviatlaksen vuo­ ti ympäri maailmaa. Niinpä eri en Kurton ym. (2019) käyttämää sittaisten jäädytettyjen versioi­ muodoissa julkaistut alueel­ typografiaa. Osa lisäyksistä ja den sekä reaaliaikaisten kart­ liset kasviluettelot (checklist) muutoksista näkyy jo Suomen tojen pohjana. Tuossa tieto­ vaativat alituista päivittämis­ Lajitietokeskuksen alkuvuon­ kannassa oli tätä kirjoitettaessa tä oleellisimpina osinaan ni­ na 2020 julkaiseman Lajiluet­ (28.5.2020) 7 211 348 putkilo­ mistön pitäminen ajantasaise­ telo 2019:n putkilokasviosiossa kasvihavaintoa Suomesta. na, lajiston täydentäminen ja (Kurtto ym. 2020) ja / tai vuonna Päivityksemme noin kol­ virheiden korjaaminen. Myös 2019 julkaistussa Kasviatlas- menkymmenen taksonin koh­ kasvien alkuperää ja vakiin­ versiossa (“Kasviatlas 2018”; Lam­ dalla on kyse nimistösääntö­ tuneisuutta kuvaavien status­ pinen & Lahti 2019). jen edellyttämistä ortografisis­ luokkien uudelleenarvioinnit ta muutoksista (esim. Spiraea ovat osa päivitystä. Niihin pa­ Erilaisia tapauksia ×billardierei), sukujaon muuttu­ laamme päivityssarjamme tu­ Tähän ensimmäiseen päivityk­ misesta (uusia sukuja Boechera, levissa osissa. seemme sisältyy lähes sata tak­ Drabella, Odontarrhena, Strigosel- Edellä sanottu pätee tieten­ sonia. Niistä runsaat 30 on ko­ la, Rabelera, Iberodes ja Pseudopo- kin myös Suomen putkilokas­ konaan uusia luettelollemme. dospermum) tai muuten muut­ vien luetteloon (Kurtto ym. 2019). Viimeaikaisiin löytöihin pe­ tuneista taksonomisista käsi­ Tarkoituksenamme on julkais­ rustuvia lisälajeja on 21, joista tyksistä kuten suvuissa Ama- ta sen päivityksiä ainakin ker­ kaikki muut paitsi mierolituk­ ranthus ja Chenopodium. Yhtä ta­ Lutukka 36. 2020 33 pausta lukuun ottamatta lajien tapahtuvat käytännön syistä hasta muistista käytetty nimiä, ja sitä alempien taksonien si­ hieman eri tahtiin). Luonnon­ jotka meidän luettelomme mu­ sältö (taksonikonsepti) on kui­ varaisuuden arviointia tietys­ kaan ovatkin väärinkäytettyjä tenkin pysynyt samana kuin ti helpottaa, jos havaintoja on (misapplied) nimiä. aiemmin – vain viljarevonhän­ pelkän kenttäkortilla olevan • Huomattavan suuri osa nän (Amaranthus hybridus) ni­ rastin tai siihen liitetyn status­ havainnoista on ilmeisiä virhe­ mellä tarkoitetaan nyt erilaista koodin ohella täsmennetty tie­ määrityksiä. kokonaisuutta kuin ennen. doilla esiintymän alkuperästä, Käytössä ollut suomenkie­ laajuudesta, yksilömäärästä, Uudet kenttäkortit käyttöön linen nimi muuttuu 24 tapauk- iästä, kasvupaikan luonteesta Luonnontieteellisen keskus­ sessa. Useimmiten taustalla on jne. Joissakin tapauksissa näyt­ museon kasvitieteen yksik­ luokittelumuutoksesta johtuva tää siltä, että havainnoijat ovat kö on tänä keväänä painatta­ suvun vaihdos tai se, että sa­ tahtoneet tulkita vakinaisen ja nut uusia kaavakkeita – kent­ man suvun muille lajeille on satunnaisen esiintymisen kä­ täkortteja – Kasviatlakseen liit­ annettu uusi suomenkielinen sitteitä kovin eri tavalla kuin tyvää kartoitusta ja muuta­ nimi ja aiempaa nimeä on siksi ne määriteltiin viime vuoden kin maastoinventointia varten. tarkennettu. nimistöluettelon johdannossa Kasvien nimet näkyvät kenttä­ Kolme taksonia putoaa lu­ (Kurtto ym. 2019). korteissa vuoden 2019 nimistö­ ettelosta taksonomisten muu­ Suomen Lajitietokeskus pi­ luettelon(Kurtto ym. 2019)mukai ­ tosten tai muuttuneen mää­ tää yllä muita primääritieto­ sina ja niitä voidaan (ja pitää!) rityksen vuoksi (Chenopodium kantoja ja kerää tietoja myös käyttää sellaisinaan havainto­ strictum, Convolvulus dubius, muiden organisaatioiden tie­ ja ilmoitettaessa. Tallennusvai­ Philadelphus lewisii var. gordonia- tojärjestelmistä. Näistä on Laji­ heessa tietoihin lisätään nume­ nus). tietokeskuksen tietovarastoon rotunniste, joka ilmaisee mi­ Enimmät lisäykset ja muu­ kertynyt Suomesta julkisesti tä nimenomaista taksonikon­ tokset on perusteltu. Tämän nähtävillä olevia putkilokasvi­ septia havainnoissa käytetyillä toivomme ainakin lisäävän havaintoja seuraavasti: Hatik­ nimillä on tarkoitettu. Tämän ymmärrystä erityisesti nimi­ ka 119 225, Vihko 80 314, Kot­ perusteella havainnot voidaan muutoksia kohtaan eli osal­ ka 63 609, Löydös 36 236, iNa­ esimerkiksi Kasviatlaksen kar­ taan vastaavan varsin yleisesti turalist 15 167, Viekas 262, Tas­ toissa ohjata oikeaan paikkaan, esitettyyn kysymykseen ”Mik­ kulaji 28, Ilmari 13. Ikävä kyllä vaikka nimi olisikin muuttu­ si nimet muuttuvat”. Varsinai­ emme pysty käyttämään noi­ nut vaikkapa Stellaria holosteas­ sia perusteluja on toisinaan sy­ hin järjestelmiin tallennettu­ ta Rabelera holosteaksi. vennetty lukijoita mahdollises­ ja havaintoja eikä niitä ole mu­ Kenttäkorteissa ja erillisillä ti kiinnostavilla lisätiedoilla. kana myöskään Kasviatlaksen havaintokaavakkeilla on mah­ kartoissa. Tähän on kolme pää­ dollista antaa edellä kuvailtu­ Tietojen käytettävyyden syytä: ja lisätietoja esiintymien luon­ rajallisuudesta • Emme pysty erottele­ nonvaraisuuden ja muun sta­ Kaikkia Kasviatlaksessa olleita maan luonnonvaraisista ja vil­ tuksen arvioimiseksi. Tämä to­ taksoneita ei kelpuutettu mu­ jellyistä kasveista tehtyjä ha­ ki teettää lisätyötä, mutta voi kaan viime vuoden nimistö­ vaintoja, koska valtaosasta ha­ osoittautua tosi arvokkaak­ luetteloomme (Kurtto ym. 2019). vainnoista puuttuu tätä ilmai­ si niin lajiluettelotyössämme Yleisimmin näissä ta pauk­ seva tunniste. kuin vaikkapa Retkeilykasvi­ sissa on kyse siitä, että tiedot • Havainnoitsijat ovat on karttojen päivittämisessä eivät riitä esiintymien luon­ usein käyttäneet nimiä suppe­ sekä vieraslajien ja uhanalais­ nonvaraisuuden varmistami­ ammassa tai laajemmassa mer­ ten lajien seurannassa. seen. Tällaisia eroja jää nytkin kityksessä kuin niitä käytetään jäljelle, muistakin syistä (eten­ meidän kokoamassamme luet­ kin siksi, että Kasviatlaksen ja telossa (erilaisella taksonikon­ nimistöluettelon päivitykset septilla); joskus taas on van­ 34 Lutukka 36. 2020 Pinaceae mäntykasvit Asparagaceae parsakasvit Lisäys: Muscari Mill. (ruukku)helmililjat pärlhyacinter 3 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Suomenkielinen nimi on tarkennettu erotukseksi harjahelmilil- harmaadouglaskuusi blå douglasgran joista, Leopoldia, ja kellohelmililjoista, Pseudomuscari; ’ruukku’ Lähes kaikki Suomessa viljellyt douglaskuuset kuuluvat tähän viittaa tässä kukkien muotoon. luontaisena Kalliovuorille keskittyvään rotuun. Lisäys (lahkojen Commelinales ja Poales väliin): Liliaceae liljakasvit Zingiberales Griseb. Lisäys: Cannaceae Juss. kannakasvit kannaväxter M Tulipa turkestanica (Regel) Regel kääpiötulppaani dvärg- tulpan Canna L. kannat kannor V. Laitila: Kodjala, Kaupinkujan S-päästä 90 m E (6760950: M Canna ×generalis L. H. Bailey tarhakanna kanna 3210415). Tienreunassa puutarhasta levinneenä parissa koh- U. Espoo: Otaniemi, Laivamiehenpolun länsipuoli (667695: taa, pc. 11.5.2019 Jaakko Nurmi (näyte 19-03). 337902). Multakasa läjitysalueella, 5 isoa versoa, joista yhdes- U. Espoo: Piispansilta, Matinniitty (6674161:3374855). Hoita- sä kukinto. 22.9.2012 Jarmo Koistinen (H-ark; määritys valoku- maton nurmikko. Lajia ei lähialueen kerrostalojen istutuksissa. vasta M. Piirainen). Tullut tahattomasti maa-aineksen mukana? 21.5.2017 Timo Hietanen (H-ark). Juncaceae vihviläkasvit U. Helsinki: Mellunmäki, Saanatunturintie 3 (66818:33963). Lisäys: Kerrostalojen pihanurmikko. Ei tarkoituksella viljelty, humusta ei M Luzula nivea (L.) DC. hopeapiippo silverfryle lähiaikoina lisätty. 5.5. 2005 Juhani Hippi (H 823479). U. Helsinki, Laajasalo (667447:339097). Maatäyttö, yksi mätäs, puutarhakarkulainen. 8.8.2018 Lars Winberg (H-ark). Iridaceae kurjenmiekkakasvit Helsingin Laajasaloon Tahvonlahden pohjoispuolelle Koirasaa- M Crocus speciosus M. Bieb. syyssahrami höstkrokus ► rentien molemmin puolin on noussut 2010-luvulla uudet asuin- M Crocus speciosus M. Bieb. kaukasiansyyssahrami alueet, joiden maansiirto- ja kadunrakennustyöt alkoivat vuon- höstkrokus na 2013. Ainakin Koirasaarentien eteläpuolelle tuotiin muualta Suomenkielinen nimi on tarkennettu, koska moni muukin suvun täyttömaata, jonka mukana saapui suuri joukko eksoottisia syksyllä kukkiva laji on saanut nimensä perusosaksi ’syyssah- kasveja, monet ensimmäistä kertaa Suomessa ”villeinä” ta- rami’. vattuja. Tuo kasvijoukko, johon hopeapiippokin kuuluu, viittaa vahvasti siihen, että täyttömaassa on mukana Kaisaniemen M Iris Germanica-Ryhmä tarhakurjenmiekka trädgårds- kasvitieteellisestä puutarhasta sen samanaikaisen uudistami- iris ► M Iris Germanica-Ryhmä tarhakurjenmiekat sen myötä pois kuorittua maata. trädgårdsiris Suomalainen nimi tulee korjata monikolliseksi, sillä kyseessä on taustaltaan erilaisten ja pitkälti tuntemattomien risteymäsyn- Poaceae heinäkasvit
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