26002 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 1973

ANNUAL REPORT ON STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS row, after the two leaders or their desig- DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Melvin A. Hove, of Iowa, to be U.S. marshal SEC. 8. The first sentence of subsection (a) nees have been recognized under the of section 10 of the Small Business A ct and standing order, there be a period for the for the northern district of Iowa for the term the first word of the second sentence of transaction of routine morning business of 4 years. (R eappointment) such subsection are amended to read as fol- Isaac George Hylton, of Virginia, to be U.S. for not to exceed 30 minutes with state- marshal for the eastern district of Virginia lows: "The A dministration shall, as soon as ments therein limited to 3 minutes. practicable each calendar year make a com- for the term of 4 years. (R eappointment) prehensive annual report to the President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without J. Pat M adrid, of A rizona, to be U.S. mar- the President of the Senate, and the Speaker objection, it is so ordered. shal for the district of A rizona for the term of the House of Representatives. Such report of 4 years. (R eappointment) shall include a description of the state of DEPARTMENT OF STATE small business in the N ation and the several ORDER FOR THE SENATE TO PRO- Thomas R. Byrne, of Pennsylvania, a For- States, and a description of the operations of CEED TO CONSIDERATION OF S. eign Service officer of class 1, to be Ambas- the A dministration under this chapter, in- sador E xtraordinary and Plenipotentiary of cluding, but not limited to, the general lend- 1560 TOMORROW the United States of A merica to N orway. ing, disaster relief, Government regulation Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, U.S. POSTAL SERVICE relief, procurement and property disposal, I ask unanimous consent that following research and development, technical assist- John Y . Ing, of Hawaii, to be a Governor ance, dissemination of data and information, the transaction of routine morning busi- of the U.S. Postal Service for the term expir- and other functions under the jurisdiction of ness tomorrow, the Senate proceed to the ing D ecember 8, 1981. (Reappointment) the A dministration during the previous cal- consideration of S. 1560, the Emergency IN THE Am FORCE endar year. S uch report shall contain rec- Employment Act of 1971. The following officer under the provisions ommendations for strengthening or improv- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of title 10, United States Code, section 8066, ing such programs, or, when necessary or objection, it is so ordered. to be assigned to a position of importance desirable to implement more effectively Con- and responsibility designated by the Presi- gressional policies and proposals, for estab- dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, lishing new or alternative programs. In addi- in grade as follows: tions, such". PROGRAM To be general ANTI-DISCRIMINATION AMENDMENT Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Lt. Gen. Samuel C. Phillips, xxx-xx-xxxx FR SEC. 9. Section 4(b) of the Small Business the program for tomorrow is as follows: (major general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Act is amended by adding after "The Admin- The Senate will convene at the hour Force. istrator shall not engage in any other busi- of 10 a.m. There will be a period for the Brig. Gen. Harold R. Vague, xxx-xx-xxxx FR, ness, vocation, or employment than that of transaction of routine morning business for promotion to the grade of major general serving as Administrator." the following new and for appointment as the Judge A dvocate sentence: "In carrying out the programs ad- for not to exceed 30 minutes, with the usual limitation of 3 minutes on state- General, U.S. Air Force, under the provisions ministered by the Small Business A dminis- of chapter 839 and section 8072, title 10 of tration, including its lending and guarantee- ments. the United States Code. ing functions, the A dministrator shall not At no later than 10:30 a.m., the Senate discriminate against any person or small will take up S. 1560, the public service IN THE ARMY business concern receiving assistance from employment for unemployed persons The following-named officer under the pro- the Small Business A dministration based on bill. Yea-and-nay votes may occur there- visions of title 10, United States Code, section sex, and the Small Business A dministration 3066, to be assigned to a position of im- shall give special consideration to veterans of on. portance and responsibility designated by the United S tates military service and the sur- At no later than 12:30 p.m., and pos- President under subsection (a) of section vivors of their immediate families.". sibly earlier, the Senate will resume the 3066, in grade as follows: consideration of S. 372, the campaign Mr. CRANSTON. Mr. President, I move To be lieutenant general reform bill. Yea-and-nay votes will occur M aj. Gen. W illiam Edward Potts, that the Senate disagree to the amend- on amendments thereto. xxx-xx-x... ment of the House on S. 1672 and ask for xxx-... , U.S. Army. a conference with the House on the dis- THE JUDICIARY agreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, Joseph T. Sneed, of California, to be a U.S. and that the Chair be authorized to ap- ADJOURNMENT TO 10 A.M. Circuit Judge, ninth circuit, vice Frederick G. Hamley, retired. point the conferees on the part of the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Senate. if there be no further business to come The motion was agreed to; and the Pre- before the Senate, I move in accordance siding Officer appointed Mr. SPARKMAN, with the previous order that the Senate CONFIRMATION Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. STEVENSON, Mr. CRAN- stand in adjournment until 10 a.m. to- Executive nomination confirmed by STON, Mr. TOWER, Mr. TAFT, and M r. morrow. the Senate July 25, 1973: WEICKER conferees on the part of the The motion was agreed to; and at 6:49 Senate. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor- Julius S hiskin, of M aryland, to be Com- row, Thursday, July 26, 1973, at 10 a.m. missioner of Labor Statistics, U.S. D epart- ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF ROU- ment of Labor, for a term of 4 years. TINE MORNING BUSINESS TO- (The above nomination was approved sub- MORROW NOMINATIONS ject to the nominee's commitment to re- spond to requests to appear and testify be- Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Executive nominations received by the fore any duly constituted committee of the I ask unanimous consent that on tomor- Senate July 25, 1973: Senate.)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

A CONGRESSMAN'S MAILBAG—A the article is our esteemed colleague and Within the California congressional dele- LINK WITH CONSTITUENTS my personal friend, Congressman JOHN gation, JOHN commands the respect and ROUSSELOT of San Marino, Calif. admiration of his colleagues and is con- HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM Congressman ROUSSELOT is an ener- sidered one of the delegation leaders. getic and dedicated individual who OF CALIFORNIA The following article is a compliment exemplifies the very essence of public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Congressman ROUSSELOT and his per- service in America today. A man of tire- formance as a Member of Congress: Wednesday , J u ly 25, 1973 less energy, he serves the people of Cali- THREE HUNDRED LETTERS A W EEK —A CON- Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I am fornia's 24th Congressional District in GRESSMAN'S MAILBAG-A LINK W ITH CON- pleased to call to the attention of the an exemplary manner. I personally re- STITUENTS Congress today a newspaper article spect the advice and counsel of JOHN (By Andrew Knox) which appeared in the Daily-News Post ROUSSELOT and appreciate his assistance Congressman John Rousselot receives every and Monrovia News Post. The subject of during my first 7 months in Congress. kind of letter you can image. T hey are let- July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS 'OF REMARKS' 26003 ters concerning people's problems, or thank The congressman gave a speech before the commend this brief editorial to the at­ you letters for things he h.as accomplished economics and government classes at Glen­ tention of all Senators. I ask unanimous for them. dora High School recently. In the thank you Some of the letters concern people's prob­ letter, a teacher wrote: consent that the editorial be printed in lems with federal agencies, with the armed "I tell my students that you are a good ex­ the Extensions of Remarks. services, the internal revenue services, and ample of how good government works," the There being no objection, the editorial the legislature, H. Donald Harper, the con­ teacher stated. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, gressman's administrative assistant, said. He received letters from other elected offi­ as follows: The letters come in to his offices in Ar­ cials as well. A SIMPLE KINDNESS cadia, Lancaster and Washington, D.C. at William Timmons, an assistant to President Senator Hugh Scott, the Senate minority the rate of a.bout 300 each week. Nixon, wrote a letter in behalf of the chief leader, is almost a caricature of most peo­ "We do not support federal welfare laws, executive for Rousselot's remarks when a ples' image of a professional politician. but the congressman helps his constituents group of youths attempted to disrupt the op­ That and his spirited advocacy of his be­ who need this type of service," Harper eration of the federal government in 1971. loved Republican Party sometimes belies his pointed out. "We are concerned with the "No disruptive elements will be permitted profoundly civilized mind and courteous de­ abuse of food stamps, but Rousselot helps the to impinge upon the rights of law-abiding meanor. people get the stamps they need. citizens and government," Timmons stated. It is a custom of long standing with the "Whether he agrees with a program or not, Gov. Ronald Reagan wrote a letter to the veteran lawmaker to break bread at break­ Rousselot feels it's his d-gty to help the peo­ congressman, informing him that they fast with his opponent the day following an ple," he added. shared many of the same concerns. election campaign. The practice remains the A few of the letters praised Rousselot's The El Monte-South El Monte Chamber same in both defeat and victory. office staff-such as this one. of Commerce said the development of the Scott realizes the truth in George Santa­ "We will certainly take every opportunity West San Gabriel Valley is. due mainly to its yana's line, "There is nothing to which men, to convey to everyone, the fact that you civic leaders like Rousselot. while they have food and drink, cannot rec­ and your staff have a sincere interest in help­ A woman who lives in San Dimas, praised oncile themselves." ing people," the letter writer said. the congressman for the objective way he That simple politeness illustrates not only "This was most gratifying for we did not conducted a meeting in Baldwin Park. She kindness, but also an intelligence. Any oaf expect to :find this kind of sympathetic re­ called him an able and impartial arbitrator. can be rude. It takes a thinker to be con­ sponse from an elected officials of office," the "I have been proud to have you as my siderate. writer added. congressman," one constituent wrote, "but If more political combatants would follow A person in Pomona said the congress­ never have I been prouder than when I read Scott's custom-and not just after an elec­ man's staff responds effectively to. public about your courageous vote against the tion-a degree of much needed civility might need. He said that the stafi' was dedicated SALT agreements." be restored to the political process. to service, and showed administrative effi­ Rousselot often writes thoughtful letters The voters, too, might look for such re­ ciency. to his supporters, and they often write finement in candidates. Good manners may "We are dedicated to service, and I am not thoughtful letters back. tell more about a person than most people just talking," Harper emphasized. "We don't "We received your letter congratulating us realize. care what a man's party affiliation is, if he is on our 50th wedding anniversary," a Big having problems with the federal govern­ Bear Lake couple wrote the congressman. ment." "We were surprised and greatly pleased that HISTORIC LOCKS AT DELAWARE Rousselot said one of his objectives in con­ you would take time from your busy sched­ CITY gress is to encourage the implementation of ule to write to us." more effective management techniques in Some letters are written in opposition to federal offices. Rousselot. When such a letter arrives, the HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) duPONT congressman meets with the constituent and "It gives me pleasure and satisfaction to OF DELAWARE inform the voters of a congressman who has :finds out where the disagreement lies, Harper a vital concern for the people in his district," said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a Claremont woman wrote. Office secretarie.s open all mail, and place Wednesday, July 25, 1973 Another writer commended Rousselot for it on Rousselot's desk. He answers all mail, working to improve government telephone but if a matter is going to be taken care of Mr. DUPONT. Mr. Speaker, for some manners, and seeing to it that rude and in­ by office staff, then the secretary clips a time I have been engaged in an effort to efficient personnel are removed from the job. note to the letter to inform the congressman, upgrade the area around the Historic A Pomona youth thanked the congressman Harper added. Locks at Delaware City. As a matter of for rectifying his difficulty with the Selective "The answers to some letters require re­ fact, Mr. Warner Foraker of Delaware Service Board. search," he pointed out. "If it's a legislative City was the :first person to contact my "Your consideration and rapid action has matter, then we have our legislative consult­ enabled me to complete my college educa­ ants in Washington research the informa­ office in regard to his interest in seeing tion, and greatly enhanced my chances for tion. this site preserved, a project that I feel future success in both the service and civil­ "If the questions are on immigration, then would be a most worthwhile undertaking. ian life," the youth wrote. our immigration team does the research," This week I received a copy of the Rousselot aided Monrovia in getting its Harper continued. Delaware State Senate Joint Resolution paramedic radio frequency licenses. A city During election, the mail is handled by the No. 27 which further indicates the his­ official wrote the congressman after the campaign workers, some who are paid and others are volunteers. The congressman an­ toric significance of these locks by asking license application was delayed in Wash­ the Delaware congressional delegation to ington, D.C. swers all campaign mail, he said. "Due to your intervention, the paramedic "When a question is being asked during request the U.S. Army Corps of Engi­ teams went into action right on schedule," the election weeks by many constituents, neers to examine the possibility and the official stated. Rousselot Will write a position paper on the feasibility of restoring the historical Another constituent said Rousselot helped issue," Harper commented. locks at Delaware City. "The paper gives his answers to the prob­ speed up the process of his wife's visa. He Toda~ I am submitting a copy of this expressed a deep sense of appreciation to the lem, and its available to all the voters." resolution for the RECORD: congressman. DELAWARE STATE SENATE JOINT f..ESOLUTION An Arcadia man thanked the congressman No. 27 for helping him become a United States citi­ zen. An Alhambra woman showed apprecia­ A SIMPLE KINDNESS Memorializing the Delaware Congressional tion for his helping her parents to arrive in Delegation to request the U.S. Army Corps • America from Spain. of Engineers to examine the possibility Among the other thank you letters in and feasibility of restoring the historic HON. JESSE A. HELMS locks at Delaware City Rousselot's office are as follows. He arranged OF NORTH CAROLINA a tour for a man's :first visit to the nation's Whereas, the old lock canal which was capitol. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES opened in 1829 with its eastern-most lock at He acquired information about a Glendora Wednesday, July· 25, 1973 Delaware City holds great historical signifi­ family's son in Vietnam. The congressman cance for the town of Delaware City; and helped a Covina youth get summer employ­ Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, on July Whereas, the canal was :first recommended ment with the weather service, and he aided 22 a fine newspaper in my State, the as early as 1661 by Augustine Herman of an Arcadia man in receiving $1,643 in Social Asheville Citizen-Times, took note of the Bohemia Manor and seriously considered by Benjamin Franklin in 1786; and Security compensation that was due him. constant courtesy and civility of our col­ Whereas, with the construction of the Claremont College was seeking federal league, the distinguished senior Senator present Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, the funding to establish a work-study program from Pennsylvania National Football League. of reform. we agree with Broder that the Senate avoided As my colleagues are well aware, in However, in this case I agree with the a more positive alternative to piecemeal re­ 1962 Congress enacted legislation which form-that is, government-financed cam­ provided an antitrust exemption to allow St. Paul Dispatch editorialists that the paigns for incumbent and challenger alike, shortened campaign period is of no par­ professional sports teams to pool their with the financing equally divided. Oddly broadcast rights and to enable the vari­ ticular advantage to the incumbent. Far enough, however, Broder seems to fail to rec­ ognize that even this would not really equal­ ous leagues to negotiate network contract worse advantages lie in so-called "re­ on behalf of their member teams. form" proposals for Federal financing, ize the advantages, for the incumbent would still be left with all his built-in headstart. Since the NFL utilizes the pooled net­ strict limitations of contributions, and But that headstart is an ineradicable factor work contract for its regular season and strict limitations of expenses. in politics, one no reasonable challenger is postseason games, it has been the prime The St.• Paul Dispatch editorial fol­ unwilling to accept. beneficiary of this antitrust exemption. lows: In 1962, the NFL's television revenue SHORTER CAMPAIGNS was $300,000 per team. Earlier this week, David Broder, a Washington columnist it was reported that the NFL and th& whose article on this page today criticizes THE LATE JAMES V. "JIM" SMITH major networks had reached agreement two election-reform measures now before the on a new 4-year contract which will Congress, is in our opinion making moun­ bring the league $200 million in revenue. tains out of small hills. HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS One bill, already approved by the Senate, OF ILLINOIS This comes out to approximately $1.9 would shorten the campaign-the time be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million for each team per year, or an in­ crease of more than 600 percent in 10 tween primary and general elections-for any Wednesday, July 25, 1973 federal offi.ce. "There is precious little reason," years. says Broder, "to think any challenger, lim­ Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, the loss of Despite this financial windfall, certain ited to an eight-week campaign, would stand a friend surely is one of the most diffi­ NFL spokesmen still adhere to a general a snowball's chance in hell of defeating an cult challenges we face as we proceed "public be damned" attitude, which I, for incumbent • . • who has had . . . years to along the road of life. The most untimely one, can neither understand nor accept. July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26005 publication of the American Association tion which averaged 30 percent during this If the NFL continues to :flaunt the pub­ decade (1, 4). In 1970, electrical generation lic interest and to ignore the justified for the Advancement of Science. ( 1) accounted for 24 percent of energy re­ concern of the Congress, we will have no The authors are research staff mem­ source consumption. as compared to 19 per­ other alternative than to enact legisla­ bers in the Oak Ridge National Labora­ cel).t in 1960. tion similar to that which I am introduc­ tory-National Science Foundation en­ Industry, the largest energy user, includes ing today. vironmental program, Oak Ridge Na­ manufacturing; mining; and agriculture, Your Subcommittee on Communica­ tional Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. forestry, and fisheries. Six manufacturers­ Their report was sponsored by the Na­ of primary metals; of chemicals; of petro· tions, of which I am privileged to be the leum and coal; of stone, clay, and glass; of chairman, will begin hearings next Tues­ tional Science Foundation RANN pro­ paper; and of food-account for half of in­ day-July 31-on my bill and those in­ gram under a contract between the Union dustrial energy consumption (5), equivalent troduced by other Members on this im­ Carbide Corp., and the Atomic Energy to 20 percent of the total energy budget. portant subject. These hearings will en­ Commission. Energy consumption is determined by at able us to determine if legislation is, in The article describes three uses of least three factors: population, affluence, and fact, the only solution to the problem, energy in which greater efficiency is efficiency of use. In this article we describe feasible: transportation, space heating, three areas in which energy-efficiency iin­ and if it is, what form the final bill and air conditioning. The authors of the provements (the third factor) might be par­ should take. Once the record is clear, I article conclude that- ticularly important: (1) transportation of intend to act with all appropriate haste P~<;>ple and freight, (ii) space heating, and It is possible-from an engineering point (m) space cooling (air conditioning). to see that the sports blackout impasse of view-to effect considerable energy sav­ Energy efficiency varies considerably among is broken. ings in the United States. the different passenger and freight trans­ The text of my bill is as follows: The text of the article follows: port modes. Shifts from energy-intensive modes (airplanes, trucks, aut omobiles) to H.R. 9553 EFFICmNCY OF ENERGY USE IN THE UNITED A bill to amend the Communications Act of en~rgy-etficient modes (boats, pipelines, STATES: TRANSPORTATION, SPACE HEATING, trams, buses) could significantly reduce en­ 1934 for one year with regard to the broad­ AND Am CONDITIONING PROVIDE 0PPORTU­ casting of certain professional home games ergy consumption. Increasing the amount of NITmS FOR LARGE ENERGY SAVINGS building insulation could reduce both space­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House (By Eric Hirst and John C. Moyers) heatin? and air-conditioning energy con­ of Representatives of the United States of Conflicts between the demand for energy sumptiOn in homes and save money for the America in Congress assembled, That part I and environmental quality goals can be re­ homeowner. Energy consumption for air con­ of title III of the Communications Act of solved in several ways. The two most impor­ ditioning could be greatly reduced through 1934 is amended by adding at the end there­ tant are (i) development and use of pollu­ the use of units that are more energy effi­ of the following new section: tion control technologies, and of improved cient. "BROADCAST OF SOLD-OUT PROFESSIONAL energy-conversion technologies and (ii) the TRANSPORTATION HOME GAMES improvement in efficiency of energy use. In­ Transportation of people and goods con­ "SEc. 331. (a) If (1) during the one-year creased efficiency of energy use would help to sumed 16,500 trillion British thermal units period which begins on the date of enact­ slow energy growth rates, thereby relieving (6) in 1970 (25 percent of total energy con­ ment of this section, any professional foot­ pressure on scarce energy resources and re­ sumption) (1). Energy requirements for ball, baseball, basketball, or hockey game ducing environmental problems associated transportation increased by 89 percent be­ is broadcast under the authority of a league with energy production, conversion, and use. tween 1950 and 1970, an average annual television contract, and (2) tickets of ad­ Between 1950 and 1970, U.S. consumption growth rate of 3.2 percent. mission to such game are no longer available of energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas, Increases in transportation energy con­ for purchase by the general public 48 hours falling water, and uranium) doubled (1), sumption (7) are due to (i) growth in traffic or more before the scheduled beginning time with an average annual growth rate of 3.5 levels, (11) shifts toward the use of less of such game, then television broadcast percenrmore than twice the population energy-efficient transport modes, and (iii) rights shall be made available for television growth rate. declines in energy efficiency for individual broadcasting of such game at the time at Energy resources are used for many pur­ modes. Energy intensiveness, the inverse of which and in the area in which such game poses in the United States (2) (Table 1) . In energy efficiency, is expressed here as British is being played. 1970, transportation of people and freight th~r~al units per ton-mile for freight and as "(b) For the purposes of this section, the consumed 25 percent of total energy, primar­ BntiSh thermal units per passenger-mile for term 'league television contract' means any ily as petroleum. Space heating of homes and passenger traffic. joint agreement by or among persons engag­ commercial establishments was the second Table 2 shows approximate values (8) for ing in or conducting the organized profes­ largest end-use, consuming an additional 18 energy consumption and average revenue in sional team sports of football, baseball, percent. Industrial uses of energy [process 1970 for intercity freight modes; the large basketball, or hockey, by which any league steam, direct heat, electric drive, fuels used range in energy efficiency among modes is of clubs participating in professional foot­ as raw materials (3), and electrolytic proc­ noteworthy. Pipelines and waterways (barges ball, baseball, basketball, or hockey contest esses] accounted for 42 percent. The remain­ and boats) are very efficient; however, they sells or otherwise transfers all or any part ing 15 percent was used by the commercial are limited in the kinds of materials they of the rights of such league's member clubs and residential sectors for water heating, air can transport and in the flexibility of their in the sponsored telecasting of the games of conditioning, refrigeration, cooking, lighting, pickup and delivery points. Railroads are football, baseball, basketball, or hockey, as operation of small appliances, and other mis­ slightly less efficient than pipelines. Trucks, the case may be, engaged in or conducted by cellaneous purposes. which are faster and more flexible than the such clubs." During the 1960's, the percentage of energy preceding three modes, are, with respect to consumed for electric drive, raw materials, energy, only one-fourth as efficient as rail­ air conditioning, refrigeration, and electro­ lytic processes increased relative to the total. roads. Airplanes, the fastest mode, are only Air conditioning showed the largest relative 1/ 60 as efficient as trains. EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY USE IN growth, increasing its share of total energy The variation in freight prices shown in THE UNITED STATES use by 81 percent, while the other uses noted Table 2 closely parallels the variation in en­ increased their shares of the total by less than ergy intensiveness. The increased prices of 10 percent in this period. the less efficient modes reflect their greater HON. JOHN BRADEMAS The growth in energy consumption by air speed, flexibility, and reliability. OF INDIANA conditioners, refrigerators, electric drive, and Table 3 gives approximate 1970 energy and electrolytic processes-coupled with the sub­ price data for various passenger modes (8), IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stitution of electricity for direct fossil fuel For intercity passenger traffic, trains and Wednesday, July 25, 1973 combustion for some space and water heat­ buses are the most efficient modes. Cars are ing, cooking, and industrial heat-accounts Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, in view less than one-naif as efficient as buses, and f?r the rapid growth in electricity consump­ airplanes are only one-fifth as efficient as of the increasing discussion of "The twn. Between 1960 and 1970, while consump­ Energy Crisis" in the United States, I tion of primary energy (1) grew by 51 per­ buses. cent, the use of electricity (4) grew by 104 For urban passenger traffic, mass transit believe that Members will read with in­ percent. The increasing use of electricity rela­ systems (of which about 60 percent are bus terest an article entitled "Efficiency of tive to the primary fuels is an important systems) are more than twice as energy ef­ Energy Use in the United States," by factor accounting for energy growth rates be­ ficient as automobiles. Walking and bicycling Eric Hirst and John C. Moyers, published cause of the inherently low efficiency of elec­ are an order of magnitude more efficient than in the March 30, 1973, issue of Science, a tricity generation, transmission, and distribu- autos, on the basis of energy consumption to 26006 EXifENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 1973

produce food. Urban values of efficiency for lation is needed to minimize the long-term cars and buses are much lower than intercity TABLE 3.-ENERGY AND PRICE DATA FOR PASSENGER cost to the homeowner. A further increase values because of poorer vehicle perform­ TRANSPORT in insulation requirements would increase ance (fewer miles per gallon) .a.nd poorer both dollar and energy savings. utilization (fewer passenger per vehicle). Energy Price The total energy consumption of the Passenger transport prices are also shown (Btu/pas­ (cents/pas­ United States (1) in 1970 was 67,000 trillion in Table 3. The correlation between energy Mode senger-mile) senger-mile) Btu, and about 11 percent was devoted to intensiveness and price, while positive, is not residential space heating and 7 percent to as strong as for freight transport. Again, the Intercity: t commercail space heating (2). Table 5 shows differences in price reflect the increased Bus _____-=:; __ ------= 1, 600 3.6 reductions in energy required for space heat­ values of the more energy-intensive modes. Railroad_------~ 2, 900 4. 0 ing of 49 percent for gas-heated homes and Automobile.------~ 3, 400 4. 0 The transportation scenario for 1970 shown Airplane •• ------• ..: 8, 400 6. 0 47 percent for electric-heated homes in the in Table 4 gives energy savings that may be Urban: 2 New York area by going from the MPS­ possible through increased use of more ef­ Mass transit. ____ :. ______,: 3, 800 8. 3 Automobile ______..: required insulation in 1970 to the economi­ ficient modes. The first calculation uses tlie 8, 100 9.6 cally optimum amount of insulation. The actual 1970 transportation patterns. The nationwide average reductions are 43 per­ scenario-entirely speculative-indicates the 1 Load factors (percentage of transport capacity utilized) for cent for gas-heated homes and 41 percent potential energy savings that could have oc­ intercity travel are about: bus, 45 percent; railroad, 35 percent; for electric-heated homes. An average savings curred through shifts to more efficient trans­ automobile, 48 percent; and airplane, 50 percent. 2 Load factors for urban travel are about: mass transit, 20 of 42 percent, applied to the space heating port modes. In this hypothetical scenario, percent: and automobile, 28 percent. energy requirements for all residential units half the freight traffic carried by truck and by (single family and apartment, gas and elec­ airplane is assumed to have been carried by To some extent, the current mix of trans­ tric), would have amounted to 3100 trillion rail; half the intercity passenger traffic car­ port modes is optimal, chosen in response to Btu in 1970 (4.6 percent of total energy con­ ried by airplane and one-third the traffic car­ a variet y of factors. However, noninternalized sumption). The energy savings are somewhat ried by car are assumed to have been carried social costs, such as noise and air pollution understated-as insulation is added, the heat by bus and train; and half the urban auto­ and various government activities (regula­ from lights, stoves, refrigerators, and other mobile traffic is assumed to have been car­ tion, subsidization, research), may tend to appliances becomes a significant part of the ried by bus. The load factors (percentage of distort the mix, and, therefore, present mo­ total heat required. The use of additional in­ transport capacity utillzed) and prices are dal patterns may not be socially optimal. sulation also reduces the energy consumption assumed to be the same for both calculations. Present trends in modal mix are deter­ for air conditioning as discussed later. The . scenario ignores several factors that mined by personal preference, private eco­ Electrical resistance heating is more waste­ might inhibit shifts to energy-efficient trans­ nomics, convenience, speed, reliability, and ful of primary energy than is direct com­ port modes, such as existing land-use pat­ government policy. Emerging factors such as bustion heating. The average efficiency for terns, capital costs, changes in energy ef­ fuel scarcities, rising energy prices, depend­ electric power plants (1) in the United States ficiency within a given mode, substitutability ence on petroleum imports, urban land-use is about 33 percent, and the efficiency (4) of among modes, new technologies, transporta­ transmitting and distributing the power to tion ownership patterns, and other institu­ problems, and environmental quality con­ the customer is about 91 percent. The end­ tional arrangements. siderations may provide incentives to shift use efficiency of electrical resistance heating The hypothetical scenario requires only 78 transportation patterns toward greater en­ is 100 percent; so the overall efficiency is ap­ percent as much energy to move the same ergy efficiency. proximately 30 percent. Thus, for every unit traffic as does the actual calculation. This SPACE HEATING of heat delivered in the home, 3.3 units of savmgs of 2,800 trillion Btu is equal to 4 per­ The largest single energy-consuming func­ heat must be extracted from the fuel at the cent of the total 1970 energy budget. The tion in the home is space heating. In an power plant. Conversely, the end-use ef­ scenario also results in a total transportation average all-electric home in a moderate cli­ ficiency of gas- or oil-burning home heating systems is about 60 percent (claimed values cost that is $19 blllion less than the actual mate, space heating uses over half the en­ range from 40 to 80 percent), meaning that 1970 cost (a 12 percent reduction). The dol­ ergy delivered to the home; in gas- or oil­ 1.7 units of heat must be extracted from the lar savings (which includes the energy saved) heated homes, the fraction is probably larger fuel for each unit delivered to the living must be balanced against any losses in speed, because the importance of thermal insula­ area of the home. Therefore, the electrically comfort, and flexibility resulting from a shift tion has not been stressed where these fuels heated home requires about twice as much to energy-efficient modes. are used. fuel per unit of heat as the gas- or oil-heated The nearest approach to a national stand­ home, assuming equivalent insulation. TABLE 1.- END-USES OF ENERGY IN THE UNITED STATES ard for thermal insulation in residential con­ The debate about whether gas, oil, or !In percent) struction is "Minimum Property Standards electric-resistance space heating is better (MPS) for One and Two Living Units," is­ from a conservation point of view may soon Item 19601 19702 sued by the Federal Housing Administration be moot because of the shortage of natural (FHA). In June 1971), FHA revised the MPS gas and petroleum. The use of electricity gen­ to require more insulation, with the stated erated by nuclear plants for this purpose can Transportation. ______._._. __ 25. 2 24.7 be argued to be a more prudent use of re­ Space heating ______• 18.5 17.7 objectives of reducing air pollution and fuel Process steam ______sources than is the combustion of natural gas 17.8 16.4 consumption. Direct heaL ______12.9 11.0 or oil for its energy content. Heating by coal­ Electric drive ______7. 4 8.1 A recent study (9) estimated the value of generated electricity may also be preferable Raw materials ______5. 2 5.6 different amounts of thermal insulation in Water heating ______4.0 4.0 to heating by gas or oil in that a plentiful Air-conditioning ______1.6 2. 9 terms both of dollar savings to the home­ resource is used and dwindling resources are Refrigera tion ______2.1 2.3 owner and of reduction in energy consump­ conserved. Cooking _____ • ______._ ----- 1.5 1.2 tion. Hypothetical model homes (1800 square The use of electrical heat pumps could Electrolytic processes ______1.1 1.2 3 2. 7 4.9 feet) were placed in three climatic regions, equalize the positions of electric-, oil-, and Other ___ ------each representing one-third of the U.S. pop­ gas-heating systems from a fuel conservation ulation. The three regions were represented standpoint. The heat pump delivers about 2 1 Data for 1960 obtained from Stanford Research lnsrtute units of heat energy for each unit of elect ric (SRI) (2}. . . . by Atlanta, New York, and Minneapolis. 2 Estimates for 1970 obtamed by extrapolatmg changes m As an example of the findings of the study, energy that it consumes. Therefore, only 1.7 energy-use patterns from SRI data. Table 5 presents the results applicable to a units of fuel energy would be required at the 3 Includes clothes drying, small appliances, lighting, and other New York residence, including the insula­ power plant for each unit of delivered heat, miscellaneou s energy uses. essentially the same as that required for tion requirements of the unrevised and the fueling a home furnace. revised MPS, the insulation that yields the maximum economic benefit to the home­ Heat pumps are not initially expensive TABLE 2.- ENERGY AND PRICE DATA FOR INTERCITY when installed in conjunction with central owner, and the monetary and energy savings FREIGHT TRANSPORT air conditioning; the basic equipment and that result in each case. The net monetary air handling systems are the same for both savings are given after recovery of the cost Energy (Btu Price (cents heating and cooling. A major impediment to Mode ton-mile) ton-mile) of the insulation installation, and would be their widespread use has been high mainte­ realized each year of the lifetime of the nance cost associated with equipment fail­ home. A mortgage interest rate of 7 percent ure. Several manufacturers of heat pumps Pipeline ______• ______450 0.27 Railroad. ______- - --- 670 1.4 was assumed. have carried out extensive programs to im­ Waterway ______------· 680 0.30 The revised MPS provide appreciable sav­ prove component reliability that, if success­ Truck. _____ ------· 2,800 7. 5 ings 1n energy consumption and in the cost ful, should improve acceptance by home­ Airplane ______--.------42,000 21.9 of heating a residence, although more insu- owners. July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26007

TABLE 4.-ACTUAL AND HYPOTHETICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATIERNS FOR TRANSPORTATION IN 1970 Percentage of total traffic

Waterway Total Total Total and energy cost traffic Air Truck Rail pipeline Auto Bus 1 (10 12 Btu) (10 V)

Intercity freight traffic: Actual. ___ ------______------2 2, 210 0.2 19 35 46 ------2, 400 $45 Hypothetical_-----______• ____ ---_------2,210 .1 9 44 46 ------1, 900 33 1nterc ity passenger traffic: ActuaL ______------a 1,120 10.0 ------1 ------87 2 4, 300 47 Hypothetical ______._.------.------1,120 5. 0 ------12 ------58 25 3,500 45 Urban passenger traffic: Actual . ___ ----- __ ___------_------3 710 ------97 3 5, 700 68 Hypothetical ______.-- •••• ------710 ------49 51 4,200 63 Totals: ActuaL __ _ ------_------. - -.------••• ---_ 12,400 160 Hypothetical ______------9,600 141

. Intercity bus or urban mass transit. l Billion passenger-miles • 2 Billion ton-miles. TABLE 5.-COMPARISON OF INSULATION REQUIREMENTS AND MONETARY AND ENERGY SAVINGS FOR A NEW YORK RESIDENCE

Unrevised MPS 1 Revised MPSl Economic optimum

Insulation specification Gas Electric Gas Electric Gas Electric

Wall insulation thickness (inches) ___ ------~:; ______---- 0 l Ys l Ys l Ys 3 ~ 372 Ceiling insulation thickness (inches)_------l Ys l Ys 372 3M! 3~ 6 Floor insulation ______._.----.--.------No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Storm windows. ______• ______•• ---.--__ ------_-----.--______------No No No No Yes Yes Monetary savings (dollars per year>------­ 0 0 28 75 32 155 Reduction of energy consumption (percent>------0 0 29 19 49 47

1 Minimum property standards (MPS) for 1 and 21iving units.

SPACE COOLING The magnitude of possible savings that of 5000 tons per acre, a. reduction in strip­ In all-electric homes, air conditioning would result from buying a. more efficient ped area of 1500 acres in 1970. ranks third as a major energy-consuming unit is illustrated by the following case. Of OTHER POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS function, behind space heating and water the 90 models with a capacity of 10,000 Btu per hour, the lowest emciency model draws Energy-efficiency improvements can be heating. Air conditioning is particularly im­ effected for other end-uses of energy besides portant because it contributes to or is the 2100 watts and the highest emciency model draws 880 watts. In Washington, D.C., the the three considered here. Improved ap­ cause of the annual peak load that occurs in pliance design could increase the energy the summertime for many utility systems. average room air conditioner operates about 800 hours per year. The low-emciency unit efficiency of hot-water heaters, stoves, and In addition to reducing the energy re­ refrigerators. The use of solar energy for quired for space heating, the ample use of would use 976 kilowatt-hours more elec­ tricity each year than the high-emciency residential space and water heating is tech­ thermal insulation reduces the energy re­ nologically feasible and might some day be quired for air conditioning. In the New York unit. At 1.8 cents per kilowatt-hour, the operating cost would increase by $17.57 per economically feasible. Alternatively, waste case, use of the economically optimum heat from air conditioners could be used for amount of insulation results in a reduction year. The air conditioner could be expected to have a life of 10 years. If the purchaser op­ water heating. Improved design or elimina­ of the electricity consumed for air condi­ tion of gas pilot lights and elimination of tioning of 26 percent for the gas home or 18 erates on a credit card economy, with an 18 percent interest rate, he would be eco­ gas yard lights would also provide energy percent for the electric home, compared to savings ( 11) . Increased energy efficiency with­ the 1970 MPS-compliance homes. nomically justified in paying up to $79 more for the high-efficiency unit. If his interest in homes would tend to reduce summer air­ The popularity of room air conditioners conditioning loads. is evidenced by an exponential sales growth rate were 6 percent, an additional purchase price of $130 would be justified. In the commercial sector, energy savings with a doubling time of 5 years over the past in space heating and cooling such as those decade; almost 6 million were sold in 1970. In the above example, the two units were described earlier are possible. In addition, The strong growth in sales is expected to assumed to operate the same number of the use of total energy systems (on-site gen­ continue since industry statistics show a hours per year. However, many of the low­ eration of electricity and the use of waste market saturation of only about 40 per­ priced, low-efficiency units are not equipped heat for space and water heating and ahsorp­ cent. with thermostats. As a result, they may op­ tion air conditioning) would increase the There are about 1400 models of room air erate almost continuously, with a lower­ overall energy efficiency of commercial conditioners available on the market today, than-desired room temperature. This com­ operations. sold under 52 different brand names (10) pounds the inefficiency and, in addition, Commercial lighting accounts for about 10 A characteristic of the machines that varies shortens the lifetime of the units. percent of total electricity consumption (12). widely but is not normally advertised is the In addition to the probable economic ad­ Some architects claim that currently rec­ emciency with which energy is converted to vantage to the consumer, an improvement ommended lighting levels can be reduced cooling. Eftlclency ranges from 4.7 to 12.2 in the average efficiency of room air condi­ without danger to eyesight or worker per­ Btu per watt-hour. Thus the least efficient tioners would result in appreciable reduc­ formance (13). Such reduction would save machine consumes 2.6 times as much elec­ tions in the nation's energy consumption and energy directly and by reducing aircondi­ tricity per unit of cooling as the most effi­ required generating capacity. If the size dis­ tioning loads. Alternatively, waste heat fro:n cient one. Figure 1 shows the emciencies of tribution of all existing room units is that lighting can be circulated in winter for space all units having ratings up to 24,000 Btu per for the 1970 sales, the average efficiency (10) heating and shunted outdoors in summer hour, as listed in (10). is 6 Btu per watt-hour, and the average an­ to reduce air-conditioning loads. From an economic point of view, the pur­ nual operating time is 886 hours per year, Changes in building design practices might chaser should select the particular model of then the nation's room air conditioners con­ effect energy saving (13). Such changes could air conditioner that provides the needed sumed 39.4 billion kilowatt-hours during include use of less glass and of windows that cooling capacity and the lowest total cost 1970. On the same basis, the connected load open for circulation of outside air. (capital, maintenance, operation) over the was 44,500 megawatts, and the annual equiv­ Waste heat and low temperature steam unit's lifetime. Because of the large number alent coal consumption was 18.9 million tons. from electric power plants may be useful for of models available and the general ignor­ If the assumed efficiency is changed to 10 certain industries ancf for space heating in ance of the fact that such a range of efficien­ Btu per watt-hour, the annual power con­ urban districts (14). This thermal energy cies exists, the most economical choice is not sumption would have been 23.6 billion kilo­ (about 8 percent of energy consumption in likely to be made. An industry-sponsored watt-hours, a. reduction of 15.8 billion kilo­ 1970) (15) could be used for industrial proc­ certification program requires that the cool­ watt-hours. The connected load would have ess steam, space heating, water heating, and ing rating and wattage input be listed on the decreased to 26,700 megawatts, a reduction of air conditioning in a carefully planned urban nameplate of each unit, providing the basic 17,800 megawatts. The annual coal consump­ complex. information required for determining effi­ tion for room air conditioners would have The manufacture of ·a few basic materials ciency. However, the nameplate Is o:ften hard been 11.3 million tons, a reduction o"! 7.6 accounts -tor a large -traction o-r industrial to locate and does not state the efficiency million tons, or at a typical strip mine yield energy consumption. Increased recycle of explicitly. energy-intensive :!":laterials such as alumi- 26008 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 19'T3 num, steel, and paper would save energy. would opt for more expensive, high-efficiency insulated to meet the pre-1971 FHA stand­ savings could also come from lower produc­ units to save money over the lifetime of the ards, a savings of 3100 trillion Btu. tion of certain materials. For example, the unit and also to reduce environmental im­ Increased utilization of energy-efficient air product ion of packaging materials (paper, pacts. Recently, at least two air-conditioner conditioners and of building insulation metal, glass, plastic, wood) requires about 4 manufacturers began marketing campaigns would provide significant energy savings and percent of the total energy budget. In general, that stress energy efficiency. Some electric help to reduce peak power demands during it may be possible to design products and utilities have also begun to urge their cus­ the summer. A 67 percent increase in energy choose materials to decrease the use of pack­ tomers to use electricity conservatively and efficiency for room air conditioners would aging and to reduce energy costs per unit of efficiently. have saved 15.8 billion kilowatt-hours in production. Public educat ion can be achieved through 1970. IMPLEMENTATION government publications or goverl1Il1ent reg­ In conclusion, it is possible-from an engi­ Chan ges in energy prices, both levels and ulation, for example, by requiring labels on neering point of view-to effect considerable rate structures, would influence decisions appliances which state the energy efficiency energy savings in the United States. Increases concerning capital versus life costs, and this and provide estimates of operating costs. in the efficiency of energy use would provide would affect the use of energy-conserving Advertisements for energy-consuming equip­ desired end results With smaller energy in­ technologies. Public education to increase ment might be required to state the energy puts. Such measures will not reduce the level awarer_ess of energy problems might heighten efficiency. of energy consumption, but they could slow consumer sensitivity toward personal energy Federal policies, reflected in research ex­ energy growth rates. penditures, construction of facilities, taxes consumption. Various local, state, and federal REFERENCES AND NOTES government policies exist that, directly and and subsidies, influence energy consumption. indirectly, influence the efficiency of energy For example, the federal government spends 1. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Energy Use at New High in 1971 (News Release, 31 March 1972). use. These three routes are not independent; several billion dollars annually on highway, in particular, goverl1Il1ent policies could affect airway, and airport construction, but noth­ 2. Stanford Research Institute, Patterns of ing is spent for railway and railroad con­ Energy Consumption in the United States prices or public education (or both) on en­ (Menlo Park, Calif., November 1971). ergy use. struction. Until recently, federal transporta­ One major factor that promotes energy tion research and development funds were 3. In this article all fuels used as raw mate­ consumption is the low price of energy. A allocated almost exclusively to air and high­ rials are charged to the industrial sector, al­ way travel. Passage of the Urban Mass Trans­ though fuels are also used as feedstocks by typical family in the United States spends the commercial and transportation sectors. about 5 percent of its annual budget on elec­ portation Act, establishment of the National tricity, gas, and gasoline. The cost of fuels Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK), 4. Edison Electric Institute, Statistical plus increases in research funds for rail and Yearbook of the Electric Utility Industry far and electricity to manufacturers is about 1.5 mass transport may increase the use of these 1970 (Edison Electric Institute, New York, percent of the value of their total shipments. energy-efficient travel modes. 1971). Because the price of energy is low relative Similarly, through agencies such as the Census to other costs, efficient use of energy has not 5. U.S. Bureau of the Census 1967 Tennessee Valley Authority, the federal gov­ of Manufacturers, Fuels and Electric Energy been of great importance in the econ0my. ernment subsidizes the cost of electricity. Consumed (MC 67 (S)-4, Government Print­ Not only are fuel prices low, but historically The reduced price for public power custom­ ing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971) . they have declined relative to other prices. ers increases electricity consumption over 6. Conversion factors are: from British The downward trend in the relative price what it would otherwise be. thermal units to joules (1055), from miles of energy has begun to reverse because C'f the Governments also influence energy con­ to meters (1609), from inches to meters growing scarcity of fuels, increasing costs of sumption directly and indirectly through al­ (0.0254), from acres to square meters (4047), both money and energy-conversion faci~ities lowances for depletion of resources, purchase and from tons to kilograms (907). (power plants, petroleum refineries), and the specifications (to require recycled paper, for 7. E. Hirst, Energy Consumption far Trans­ need to internalize social costs of energy pro­ example), Inanagement of public energy portation in the U.S. (Oak Ridge National duction and use. The impact of rising energy holdings, regulation of gas and electric utility Laboratory Report ORNL-NSF-EP-15. Oak prices on demand is difficult to assess. Ac­ rate levels and structures, restrictions on Ridge, Tenn., 1972); R. A. Rice, "System cording to one source (16): energy promotion, and establishment of energy as a factor in considering future In the absence of any information, we minimum energy perforiUance standards for transportation," presented at American So­ assume a long-ntn price elasticity of de­ appliances and housing. ciety of Mechanical Engineers annual meet­ mand of-0.5 (meaning that in the long­ The federal government spends about $0.5 ing, December 1970. run a doubling of energy prices will reduce billion a. year on research and development 8. Energy efficiency and unit revenue values demand by a factor of the square root of for civilian energy, of which the vast major­ for 1970 are computed in E. Hirst, Energy In­ 2, namely to about 70 percent of wh:1ot it ity is devoted to energy supply technologies tensiveness of Passenger and Freight Trans­ would have been otherwise) . (16) : port Modes: 1950-1970 (Oak Ridge National The factors cited above (fuel scarcity, ris­ . . . Until recently only severely limited Laboratory Report ORNL-NFB-EP-44, Oak ing costs, environmental constraints) are funds were available for developing a detailed Ridge, Tenn., 1973.) likely to influence energy price structures understanding of the ways in which the na­ 9. J. C. Moyers, The Value of Thermal Insu­ as well as levels. If these factors tend to tion uses energy ... The recently instituted lators in Residential Construction: Econom­ increase energy prices uniformly (per Btu Research Applied to National Needs (RANN) ics and the Conservation of Energy (Oak delivered), then energy price structures will Directorate of the National Science Founda­ Ridge National Laboratory Report ORNL­ become flatter; that is, the percentage dif­ tion . . . has been supporting research di­ NSF-EP-9, Oak Ridge, Tenn., December ference in price between the first and last rected toward developing a detailed under­ 1971). unit purchased by a customer will be less 10. Association of Home Appliance Manu­ than that under existing rate stntctures. The standing of the way in which the country utilizes energy.... This program also seeks facturers, 1971 Directory of Certified Room impact of such rate structure changes on the Air Conditioners, 15 June 1971. demand for energy is unknown, and research to examine the options for meeting the needs of society at reduced energy and environ­ 11. Rittman Associates, Residential Ener­ is needed. mental costs. gy Consumption--Phase I Report, No. HUD­ Increases in the price of energy should HAI-1, (Columbia, Md., March 1972). decrease the quantity demanded and this is Perhaps new research on energy use will reveal additional ways to reduce energy 12. C. M. Crysler, General EleDiron Talbert was wha.t-27? He had woman is how much they give of themselves. five more years, and in my opinion he's one ONE HUNDRED AND TEN PERCENT What gripes me most is that people think of the best defensive linemen in the league. they want something but when it comes to a He went for our first draft choice in that little work---a job or doing some extra trade. Where are you going to get a. first draft HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG study-they fall by the wayside. choice like that, already trained in your sys­ OF MICHIGAN I'd like to hire a young coach with about tem? Heck, here are the men who represent four years of experience who is single, who our first three choices since I've been in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would work day and night seven days a. week Washington: Talbert, Verlon Biggs this year Wednesday, July 25, 1973 and who wanted to learn. He'd want to work and Roy Jefferson next year. We also got so badly that he'd work for nothing. If I could Jack Pardee in that Ram trade as well as Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, the find that guy, then I'd have a. picture of Myron Pottios. I think John Wilbur was 28 July 9 issue of Sports illustrated myself 26 years ago. I'd really like to find when we got him. He's a starting guard who's magazine contained an article written by somebody like that. That guy could go up the been an outstanding pe!former. Maxie Baug­ George Allen, head coach of our Wash­ ladder in a. hurry. han wa-s also in that trade and he made a. ington Redskins, in cooperation with Joe · I think that when you like your job so c_ontribution even though he didn't play. much tpa.t you enjoy coming to the office In addition, we traded Los Angeles' fifth Marshall. The article dealt not only with every morning you're fortunate. That's the draft choice to Green Bay for Boyd Dowler. the activities of the Redskins as a foot­ way I have always been. I'd rather do my When I came to the Redskins, there was ball team, but it also related the aims job than anything else. I can see no differ­ no off-season program. If you don't do things of a dedicated man intent on giving 110 ence between a chair and a man who sits in in the off-season, you're not going to win. percent in every activity he undertakes. a. chair if he is not accomplishing something. There's a million and one things to do and Mr. Allen is a graduate of Alma Col­ One must accomplish to live. I don't care to people who think there's an off-season in this lege, a fine liberal arts school located in take a long lunch hour. I eat right on the business, or in any business, are mistaken: job. I think that in two years here I have If there's an off-season, there's something the lOth Congressional District of Michi­ only had about four lunches somewhere else wrong. The off-season is the time when you gan. He is another example of the kind because I'd rather work out and be with my improve. of person Alma College prepares for the coaches or the staff discussing something Every day, unless you make some progress future. that's going to help us win. We often put you're going to get behind or someone's going George Allen has a philosophy of life in a. 40-hour week by Wednesday. When I to get ahead of you. To me, what you do with which he applies to the game of football. watch TV, and I don't watch often, I always your free time determines how successful He believes that every man and woman arrange some pamphlets or a. notebook or you'll be and what you're going to contribute should exert total effort in each task that some quick phone calls for the commercials. in life. We have a big sign in the weight room I don't want to waste the time while I'm and it says one thing: WHAT YOU DO IN THE is set before them. His outlook on life is watching. I just dread anything that takes OFF-SEASON DETERMINES WHAT YOU DO DURING one to be admired, for George advocates me away from trying to improve our situa­ THE SEASON. That's part of my philosophy. I dedication, pride, and mental prepared­ tion. Here's something I strongly believe: have always believed the future is now, tn ness, those important values so essential every day you waste is one you can never life as in football. Another part of our philos­ in carrying out a meaningful life. Coach make up. Winners don't waste time and that ophy here is to take somebody nobody wants, Allen is the embodiment of a man intent applies in every walk of life. · somebody who is supposed to be a. problem, The winner is the only individual who is because we think we can solve his problems. on giving only his best and nothing less, truly alive. I've said this to our ball club: We have lots of players who were supposed in everything he does. I feel that such every time you win, you're reborn; when you to be troublemakers, and they have pl.,yed conviction is an example of a man born lose, you die a. little. If players are willing to well for us. I have yet to find a player with in the American tradition and spirit and accept a season in which they win half their a. reputation as a bad egg who actually is a pledged to continue in that same tradi­ games, they will win half their games and bad egg. Money isn't always the answer. tion and spirit. they will emerge half alive. A lot of players Money doesn't make one happy, although it I now submit the article for the col­ are half dead and don't know it. If they lose helps. Biggs made less with us hts first year all their games and the fact does not kill here than he did with the Jets, but he h~s lective attention of my colleagues. them, they are already dead. SOme players played fine football for us. What most people The article follows: are dead. This is the way I feel. really want is recognition. Mainly it is just GEORGE ALLEN I was reading about a. team that lost 23 a matter of understanding a. player and If I've succeeded it's because I outwork straight games, or maybe more than that, and knowing how to handle him. most people. Work is simply a. synonym for in the report everyone was blaming every­ I think the toughest part of coaching is effort, and as I tell my players, "a hundred one else. Not one guy said, "Listen, I didn't the individual conferences with players go­ percent is not enough." The average Ameri­ do my job." The 76ers are a. good example ing over their problems. Not football prob­ can pictures himself as an extremely hard of that. They lost more games than. any lems. That's the least of it. It's the other worker. Sociologists and psychologists have basketball team in history and not one per­ worries, the type a man has no control over, shown, however, that most persons are son blamed himself. I think their new coach but if you don't solve them or help solve really operating on less than half power. In Gene Shue, will turn them around, though. them, then that man is not going to produce terms of effort, they may never get over 50 % The situation was similar with the Los well. If a player has a. problem, I think that's although they think of themselves as 90 % Angeles Rams in 1966. The players blamed my problem. I want to know every detail producers. Therefore, to get 100 % you must the coaches, the coaches blamed the players, about it and see if we can't alleviate it so aim for 110%. The world belongs to those the owners blamed each other, the front we can win. who aim for 110 %. · office blamed the coaches. One · thing you can't do in this business. I never expect anyone to do more than I thought the Redskins, with a. fine of­ You can't let problems lick you, because I do. Long ago I learned that regardless of fense and no defense, was a. good place you're going to have them. Every day I run how little or how much a. football coach for me. I knew that first I had to get an­ up to three 'miles and work out with weights. works, most of those with whom he is asso­ other quarterback to back up Sonny Jur­ The reason I do this is just to offset all the ciated will work a little less. I've always been gensen, and the only one I had in mind gosh darn problems that come up. If you're fortunate to have good assistants. I have was Billy Kilmer. Kilmer had always done a not in shape, the problems will lick you. known football coaches who have made it a. good job against the Rams and I had prom­ Each year you're going to have more prob­ point never to work after dinner. And in ised my players there that if he ever became lems and different kinds, and if you approach each instance their assistants made the same available I'd get him for us. With our fine them right you can solve them all. I really point. When I was an ~istant under George offensive personnel I thought the Redskins don't believe, and I say this in all sincerity, Halas I didn't work as hard a.s the head could win the first year if we could get a. that we were put on the earth just to have coach. A man's work habits are set by the strong defense. Early in my coaching career, a good time, to laugh and joke. I think we boss. I have closely studied every coach I about 1952, I realized that you weren't going were put here to overcome problems. have known, head coach and assistant, and to win a. championship unless you had a I don't think there are any I can't solve I have found hardly any di1ference between great defense. I spent most of my time on or that we can't solve together. And I don't the best of them and the worst of them. You offense then and we had success, but we Dallas Cowboys but last year he had are winners and some are losers-both now na.diens win on defense, even the great SQme · bad personal difficulties and was re­ and probably forevermore. And three things Yankee teams were defensively oriented. leased outright by the New England Pa- July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26013 triots and the Miami Dolphins. No one Trading is part of the mental game for me they're a large part of winning. I don't want wanted him. So we brought him in and sent and it is another thing you have to work ~ur game plan defeated before we have a him to a psychiatrist. We gave him constant very hard at. You have to know what you chance to execute it. But you can't con­ treatment and the players helped him and want--that's the most important thing in centrate with distractions all around. You worked with him. We had him on defense in trading, to know what you want and what can't enjoy a lecture or an artist performing some practices and one of our halfbacks you'll give up. I think if you want something if you aren't comfortable. It's like taking a would be carrying the ball in a regular half­ badly enough, you'll get lt. It's really that night class and in the room in which the line scrimmage and Kiner would haul off and simple. If you want lt badly enough, no mat­ professor lectures the acoustics aren't good clobber him. But he was going through stages ter what lt is, you'll get it if you just stay on and the seats are uncomfortable and as a of improving himself. We've now reached the it morning, noon and night, if you just drive result you don't get much out of it. If I were point with Kiner where we know he may be yourself and drive yourself to get it. You have teaching the class, I'd want a certain seat­ able to help us. This is important because to know more than just the position, you ing arrangement. I'd want the student to be I think coaching is not just taking a player have to know the type of player that will fit stimulated as he walked in the classroom, who's got a lot of talent and using him. into your team. Experience itself isn't worth before I even started lecturing. That's not Whether he plays football for the Redskins a cent unless it's the right type of experience. pampering, that's part of the lecture. or not, we think we've helped a guy and may­ The right type of experience means being in When I was in L.A., I used to get permis­ be saved a life. Steve Kiner spent the winter an organization that knows how to win, sion to attend the classes of the professors working out at Redskin Park, our practice knows what to do to win, is completely orga­ of the year at the University of Southern facility. He's quick-he'll run the 40 in about nized, has a philosophy and a program. This California. I'd sit in the last row and just 4.7 and he's become the second strongest is why I wanted Dave Robinson. I wanted the watch how that professor handled a class. player on the team. When he came in he right type of individual, not just experience. I've gotten a catalog for Georgetown Univer­ weighed 198 pounds and he's now up to The woods are full of experience. sity and intend to do the same there soon. around 218. The only man stronger is Manny There's so much misunderstanding about That's my way of having a little personal Sistrunk and Manny's got arms like a black­ experience that it's even difficult to talk clinic. It shows me the reasons why that smith. Even with Dave Robinson, whom we about. Just because a guy is 30 or over doesn't professor is so "uccessful-the discipline he. just got from the Packers, Kiner is still very mean he's old. Maybe he's not as fast, but he had in class and the techniques he used to important in our program. He's going to start doesn't have to be because he's smarter and communicate. our first preseason game at left linebacker, he'll be in the right spot at the right time. I I like signs and other reminders. I just Jack Pardee's old spot, and he'll play three don't think you can always be building to­ love them. I have a sign on my desk that quarters. ward the future. People are constantly look­ says THE TEAM IS NEVER UP! I put that there Part of my personality is that I like my ing for a player who's 22, who has eight or after the Super Bowl. We were flat for the players, regulars or not. I'm happy for their nine more years. In baseball you always hear Super Bowl, hard as that is to imagine. Just success. When I talk about them with others about the great young pitching staff where before the game I was going to talk to the I actually feel emotional, just like they were the oldest starter is 24. That has nothing to team and rile them up. I thought the dress­ members of my family. That's partly my do with it. How much ability do they have? ing room was subdued. But then I thought philosophy but it's also my disposition. I How much do they want it? To me the best to myself, "I don't have to do that, this is the try to develop a team of people whom I years of an .athlete's life are after 30, pro­ Super Bowl. It's the biggest game of their lives." That sign reminds me never to take knew. If we prepare them properly, they'll vided he takes care of himself. I think he win. When they make a mistake or do some­ appreciates more, he has more leadership, he's anything for granted and to always do what thing wrong, I blame myself. When they lose smarter, he's more dedicated, he makes more you believe. I like to get people to think. That's why I use constant reminders. I think I blame myself. If they lose, I feel that of a contribution to the entire team than he somehow, subconsciously, I let them down. did when he was 24. Al Kaline is a notable you've got to say things over and over again example in baseball. Henry Aaron, Frank because you only get through to about 40% Whoever said you don't need to motivate the first time. It doesn't bother me that those a pro didn't know how wrong he was. You've Robinson and Willie Mays are others. In hockey Alex Delvecchio of the Red Wings is 40 % have to listen to it maybe seven times. got to motivate everybody, veterans and That's no problem. That's the way it should rookies alike. I feel very fortunate that one and so is Henri Richard of the Canadiens. What the heck, where would the Lakers be be. It's better for them to listen to it seven throughout my life, for one reason or an­ times and win than not to listen to it and other, I have been a self-starter. Not that I without Jerry West and Wilt Chamberlain? Or for that matter, where would Miami be lose. don't have my ups and downs, but it seems We'll make changes at our training camp that the more problems I have, the more without Earl Morrall? He's a 39-year-old quarterback. Look what George Blanda has this year. Every season we make some changes setbacks, the more things stimulate me the but never just for the sake of change. Every other way, whereas some guys get down done. And there are many others. Houston has two fine young quarterbacks and they've thing we do is calculated to help us win. about the least little thing. These things may seem minor but the re­ I think that each person is an individual got a future. But there has to be somebody guiding the program and getting a balance in sults can be major. Last year we stopped and what works with one will fail for an­ running 40-yard striders at the end of prac­ other. I don't try to start motivating a play­ there, otherwise you're just showing up for the game, that's all. tice p.nd replaced them with "perfect plays." er right away. If I don't know him too well, The players have to sprint only 20 yards on I just talk to him and get his thinking on Everybody has to have a philosophy. A lot of teams don't have one or, if they do, it a perfect play, but since we run 10 or 15 of different things-on what he hopes to them they get as much running done. ·This achieve, what he's done in the past, why he changes every year. You've got to believe in certain things, know what you want, and not gives the physical work a different flavor; didn't succeed, what he was going to do in they're not just running for the sake of run­ the off-season and what he was going to do let the criticism of the public and the media bother you. Men like Walter Alston, Bill ning. For every play they bust they have to after practice. You can learn a lot just talk­ do two more even if just one player makes a ing to a guy. And then after that I see what Sharman, Johnny Wooden and Emile Francis took charge of their programs this way and mistake. This way they are learning plays he does on the practice field, in meetings, and at the same time developing better con­ off the field, and I soon find out whether it's succeeded. You don't change your philosophy when you lose if it's a sound philosophy and centration as a team, plus improving their. just talk or if he's in earnest. Sometimes condition. just the way you talk to people can motivate you understand it. Some teams change their philosophies just because they've lost. I'd I had an agronomist in this spring and we them. But I don't have much patience with went over the procedure of weed killing and a player who won't study and prepare him­ never do that. For instance, I think what J. D. Roberts is trying to do in New Orleans sodding and grading and we're improving the self and make a few sacrifices. That player drainage system at Redskin Park. is not going to help us win our champion­ is going to take a little time, but I think in the long run it's sound. They're going with That may not seem like it's part of coach­ ship. You know the type of guy I'd like to ing philosophy but to me it is. When we hire if I were at the Naval Academy? I'd youth, and it's taking them a little longer for various reasons I'm not going to get into, come back from our training camp in Sep­ hope that the man I was interviewing would tember I want a great practice field to be say, "I'd like to play Army a nine-game but I think they are on the right track. But if they get disgusted after another losing waiting-green grass and no weeds. I don't schedule. Nobody else but Army." That's the want to be killing weeds in September. I type of guy I want to hire. season and suddenly change, then all those years are wiped out. want the field to be lined with yard markers I think the mental part of the game is and everything to be perfect so that we can more difficult than the physical part. I don't So winning isn't just getting experienced start fresh. Some people would say that's know how much more difficult it is. players or spending money. The Seattle the groundkeeper's responsibility. But to me I think mental preparation never ends, SuperSonics may have spent more money it's my responsibility. Tommy McVean, our whereas I think with physical preparation than any team in basketball and they fin­ equipment manager, is going to replace the you can be out on the field for an hour and ished next to last. The most important thing padding on the goalposts. I want my players a half or two hours and it's over. But the you need is organization. to see . that everything is freshly painted, mental part continues on and on-when One of the results of good organization everything is replaced, everything is new that you're eating, when you're sleeping, when is concentration from your players. Con­ has to be new and that it's the start of a you're walking around. centratio~ is necessary for good practices and new year. 26014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 1973 We're doing so many things. I'm bringing George Hallas, who's a. great man. I -think The town of Hempstead has seen fit in a man who has a punting machine. For that sometimes you can be around people to years I've been looking for a punting ma­ who are successful and it doesn't rub off, but present this brave young man with a chine so we wouldn't wear our kickers out, I've always been aware of being 1n the pres­ citation for his actions. I am sure my a machine that kicks spirals so we can prac­ ence of someone like Hallas. I learned from colleagues will join me in congratulat­ tice catching punts. And when we are going Sid Gillman, too. ing Roy Vaccaro for his alertness and 1;o face a left-footed punter, the machine And one of the main reasons I'm with the bravery. I take great pride in inserting will spiral the ball the other way. It makes Redskins is because of my great admiration this citation into the RECORD at this a difference--the ball fades away. for Jack Kent Cooke, a major owner, who is point: To me such things are ABCs and always a guy who came up the hard way selling CITATION have been. Some people don't consider that encyclopedias from door to door. I appre­ coaching. To me creating Redskin Park is ciate people who came up the hard way. And Whereas, on Saturday, July 14th at a pool a major coaching accomplishment. I wanted I appreciate working for Ed Williams, the at the home of Mrs. Louis Frommling, 877 Redskin Park because I think it's important president of the Redskins, who has supported Milburn Court, Baldwin, Roy Vaccaro of 963 t o have a place the players can call home, me in everything I've done here. Alhambra Road, Baldwin, saved the life of where we have everything under one roof. I think football offers the toughest com­ ERIN McGARRY after she fainted and fell When a player comes out here, he's get­ petition of any sport. The goal of every team into the pool and failed to surface, and ting ready to win. There's nobody around and every coach is to win the Super Bowl. Whereas, Roy dove to the bottom of the who shouldn't be here. This is our home. Some people say the Redskins can't win big pool and brought Erin to the surface and When we practiced at Georgetown, we had games. Those people don't know what they're then applied a.rtific .al respiration, learned students and people right off the street mill­ talking about. It takes a lot of games to get from his father's instructions, and ing around. That's not conducive to winning into the playoffs. And there are a lot of big Whereas, if it had not been for Roy's quick football. Here the players have their own games along the way. Look what we had to do reaction Erin would have lost her life as parking lot for 90 cars where they don't have last year to get into the Super Bowl. We had those at the party did not realize that Erin to worry about getting a space or being to beat Dallas twice. Dallas was the defending was ln trouble. towed. As a result, whenever they come into champion. Then we had to beat Green Bay Now, therefore, I, Francis T. Purcell, Presid­ this area, they can concentrate on football twice. What I'm getting at is that the com­ ing Supervisor of the Town of Hempstead, do and winning. It helps morale. The players petition in the National Football League is so on this date, July 22, 1973, present this cita­ can walk right out of the dressing room onto tough that you can't let down one quarter or tion to Roy Vaccaro in recognition for his the practice field, and that's important. We you lose. Our football team is going to have selfless and heroic actions. not only have the grass field, we have an to improve. Why? Because everybody who FRANCIS T. PURCELL, AstroTurf one. When we are scheduled to plays the Redskins says, "We're playing a. Presiding Supervisor. play on AstroTurf, we should practice on Super Bowl team; it'd be nice to knock those ALFONSE M . D'AMATO, it. It's that simple. Besides that, in Wash­ guys off." So they're going to play a. little Supervisor. ington weather is a consideration and the harder. LEo F . McGINITY, synthetic field always gives us a place to No team had more dedication than the 1972 Councilman. practice. All of this comes under one word: Redskins or better leaders than our captains, organization. Charles Taylor, Len Hauss, Chris Hanburger, I know that weTI stay ahead in Washington Diron Talbert and Speedy Duncan. Last year because we will not let anything go without we had a great season and I'm pleased with GEORGE MEANY ON PROPOSED examining it. There is no detail that is too the fact that our players put forth the effort WELFARE REGULATIONS small. For instance I was the first coach to to get to the Super Bowl. Mayor Walter have a special teams assistant coach: now Washington has said that the '72 Redskins many teams do. Marv Levy did such a fine were the bett thing to happen to his city in job that he's now head coach for Montreal. years. That s quite an accomplishment and HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Special teams are important because the one that I'm proud of. We were unifying force OF MASSACHUSETTS kicking game is vital to winning. I empha­ for the city; we gave the people something IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES size defense, and the next phase of the game to cheer about. We took a. city that was that goes with defense is a fine kicking game known for last place and united it. Blacks Wednesday, July 25, 1973 and then an offense that doesn't give up the and whites. Marylanders, Virginians and Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, on football, that controls it and keeps it away Washingtonians, Democrats and Republicans, April 20, the Department of Health, Ed­ from opponents. A special teams coach is they all were pulling together for the same something that should have been thought of thing. We felt a tremendous obligation to the ucation, and Welfare published proposed years before. Eventually all teams will have nation's capital since we were the only pro­ regulations for the administration of the some form of a Redskin Park, and they all fessional team here. I know we'll get back public assistance program. Combined will have a special teams coach. You can look to the Super Bowl sometime. It could be this with restrictive social service regula­ into many different areas of the game, but we season and it could be next. Nobody can tions, the Headstart fee schedule, and will stay ahead because we will always think predict that; there are too many intangibles. the latest set of guidelines concerning of something else to improve. What we're But I know we'll be back there again. I'm the assets test for welfare recipients, doing is so sound and so simple that it will positive we'll be back. these regulations are part of a wide­ continue to be productive. I don't want anyone getting his training at spread move by the Nixon administra­ my expense. That applies to the front office as tion to weaken the Nation's social welfare well as the players. I have an experienced SELFLESS AND HEROIC ACTIONS BY programs. A letter from George Meany secretary named Shirley Krystek who came ROY VACCARO to Secretary Weinberger concerning the with me from the Rams. She's a tremendous April 20 regulations puts into accurate help; she often knows what I'm thinking be­ perspective the administration's decep­ fore I even say it. And we have experienced tive policy in this area. people throughout our front office. There are HON. NORMAN F. LENT I would like to insert that letter into so many people I wish I could mention but OF NEW YORK I don't have the space. I am very fortunate the RECORD at this time: ll{ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1\!Ay 11, 1973. in having a wonderful wife Etty, who under­ Hon. CASPAR WEINBERGER, stands me and who is patient. Unless a coach Wednesday_, July 25, 1973 Secretary, Department of Health, Edu cation, or executive in a responsible position has Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, I would like to and. Welfare, Washington, D.C. that type of wife I don't think he can suc­ DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Last year the .AFir­ ceed completely, because in order to do all call the attention of my colleagues to CIO joined with many other organizations the things that I want to do With my work I the heroic actions of Roy Vaccaro 2 weeks in working for a genuine welfare reform bill have to have a wife like mine who will put ago in Baldwin, N.Y. Young Roy saved which would have helped to solve the welfare up With my being away from home so much. the life of Erin McGarry after she crisis which we are facing in this country. However, I try to get together with my family fainted and fell into a pool at a recent These efforts failed, largely because the Ad­ whenever I can. Recently Etty and I were swimming party in Baldwin. Others at ministration refused to support its own re­ guests of our children George, Greg, Bruce the party did not realize that Erin was form proposals which President Nixon had a.nd Jennifier for a weekend that they initially advocated with so much vigor. planned for us. We drove down to Charlottes­ in trouble, l'ut Roy reacted quickly and We are distressed to see that the Adminis­ ville to pick up my oldest son. Then our dove to the bottom of the pool to retrieve tration is now attempting to achieve entire family went to Cape Hatteras for a her. Using artificial respiration tech­ through administrative fiat what it appar­ weekend where we cooked out on the beach niques learned from his father, Roy was ently wanted to achieve all along-a repres­ and enjoyed each other's company. able to revive Erin and save her from sive welfare system which arbitrarily denies I am also thankful for my eight years with certain drowning. aid to needy individuals and families with- J~tly 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26015 out even a pretext of procedural fairness and recipients, who are living on minimal in­ in the Wing for six years while under his due process. comes, should be made to pay for mistakes command. He was responsible for arranging We are particularly concerned about the which are not their fault. the Wheaton-Silver Spring Cadet Squadron's proposed regulations published in the Fed­ The proposed regulations, if they were to Staff Meetings in the Pentagon every year. eral Register on April 20, 1973. If imple­ be implemented, would bring about a bla­ (First in the history of Civil Air Patrol.) mented in their proposed form, these regu­ tant invasion of the privacy and democratic As Deputy Wing Comxnander he is respon­ lations would deny welfare recipients and rights of the most defenseless and deprived sible for making governmental and neighbor­ applicants for assistance fundamental rights people in America. ing official contacts. He set up the Aerospace of due process which have always been the On behalf of the AFL-CIO, I urge that they Workshop in the D. C. School System, and hallmark of justice and freedom in America. be withdrawn. No changes should be made the National Aerospace E

terly Review 1954, 348, 16 Mo. Law Review coverage which local newspapers, radio consin (Mr. KAsTENMEIER) pointed out 185. and television may not provide. To all that Cities Service. Gulf Oil, and Exxon In this connection, an examination of of us. they serve as an excellent balance had reported sizable earnings gains for decisions of other jurisdictions reveals, with this some divergence of construction and policy, against the news reporting of radio and the second quat·ter of year. Now the practice of "wire tapping" to have been television and provide an indepth anal­ five other oil companies have joined then· considered in the light of the applicability ysis which the latter media, by necessity, premium profits group. to it of: often cannot do. Today's Wall Street Journal reports (1) Constitutional provisions relating to It is with these thoughts in mind that that estimated earnings for the Mobil search and seizure and self-incrimination. I must speak out against the failure of Oil Corp.-which sponsored that recent Olmstead v. U.S., 277 US 438, 31 CJS 907, this body to consider H.R. 8929last Mon­ "open letter" advertisement on the gaso­ 41 Am. Jur. 946, 8 Wigmore 46, 138 ALR 94, day. This bill, the Educational and Cul­ line shortage in all of our hometown 168 ALR 463, 14 ALR 2d 771, 32 Cornell Law Quarterly Review 514, 33 Cornell Law Quar­ tural Postal Amendments, while being newspapers--soared more than 41 per­ terly Review 73. quite a controversial one, dealt with an cent in the second quarter. while the pre­ (2) Section 605 of the Federal Communi­ issue which greatly affects the dissemina­ tax earnings of Standard Oil Co.­ cations Act which bars "wire tapping" gen­ tion of information in this country. Ohio--jumped 61 percent in the same erally where it atrects interstate commerce. Mr. Speaker. as it is written. H.R. 8929 period. At the same time, the digest of People v. Trieber, 28 Cal. 2d 657; Kelley v. was quite an expensive bill. In essence, I company earnings reports in the Journal state, 22 Cal. 2d, 169; Com. v. Chaitt, 107 A thoroughly agreed with those who found shows whopping second-quarter profit in­ 2d 214, u.s. v. Coplon, 185 Fed. 2d 629; Mc­ it unnecessary to include fourth class creases for the Getty Oil Co. and Murphy Guire v. Amrein, 101 FS 414. (3) State laws pertaining to the right of materials in the areas which were tore­ Oil Corp. privacy and/or eavesdropping. Rhodes v. ceive the subsidies. But, as an original Also, today's Milwaukee Sentinel re­ Graham, 238 Ky. 225, 69 LP..A 101, 18 Am. cosponsor of H.R. 4129, I think that these ports that the Clark Oil & Refining Jur.I. subsidies were quite necessary for second Corp.'s earnings for the first half of this (4) State Statutes regulating "wire class matter-magazines and newspa­ year are $13,259,000, or $1.87 a share, up tapping", 813 A Code of Criminal Procedure pers. from $1,769,000 or 25 cents a share, a year of New York, Section 13402, Ohio Gen. Code overall, the basic issue which brought earlier. Ann. about this legislation in the first place Mr. Speaker, I should like to insert here (5) Rules of evidence relating to the ad­ missability of evidence obtained directly or stands unresolved. In getting bogged the Wall Street Journal story on the indirectly from an illegal source. Goldstein down in a discussion of the financial im­ Mobil and Sohio earnings reports, as well v. U.S., 316 US 114, U.S. v. Stephenson, 121 plications of H.R. 8929, I think this body as the digest items on all four companies: FS 274, Irvine v. California, 347 US 128. overlooked the fact that proponents of MOBIL OIL ESTIMATES QUARTER'S NET RosE 41 (6) State laws regarding damage to or this measure were also seeking a time PERCENT AND OVER 25 PERCENT IN HALF molestation of telephone wires (Chapter extension of an extra 5 years in which Estimated earnings for Mobil Oil Corp. 560.310 Mo. R.S. 1949). State v. Nordskog, to cope with the postal increases. Since soa.red more than 41% in the second quarter 76 Wash. 472. this bill was not considered at all, the and slightly over 25% in the first half. In view of these considerations, the pos­ Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) earnings in the sibllity that the Courts of this State would magazine and newspaper publishers are still forced to meet the Postal Rate Com­ second quarter and first half also· climbed invoke one or more of the above concepts so sharply, but they were ballooned by major as to condemn the practice of "wire tapping" mission deadline of 5 years instead of 10. royalty payments from Mainland China and in Missouri, and further, in view of the pos­ I am fully aware of the fact that in from Taiwan. sibility imminent legislative guidance in this creating the U.S. Postal Service in 1970, The increases, of Mobil at least, are in line field, it would, in the opinion of this office Congress attached the requirement that with earlier reports from some of the other be unWise for "wire tapping" to be under­ it reach a break even point by 1984. It is major oil companies which indicated that the taken under the authority of the Board O'f thus Congress doing that this whole oil industry enjoyed a highly profitable sec­ Police Commissioners until such guidance problem came about in the first place. ond quarter. is manifest. In Mobil's case, Rawleigh Warner Jr., chair­ Respectfully submitted. Personally, I think it is ludicrous for us to man, cited world-wide gains in operating vol­ JAMES W. SYMINGTON, even consider that the Postal Service umes, recovery of petroleum product prices Assistant City counselor. should eventually pay for itself. The U.S. in the U.S. and abroad from last year's lower Approved: Post Office operated in the red since the levels and continued improvement in chem­ SAMUEL LIBERMAN, early 19th century and I think that this ical operations. City Counselor. should come to be an accepted fact when For the second quarter, Mobil estimated discussing postal se1·vice in 1973. net income at $184.2 million, or $1.81 a share, The dissemination of information is up from $130.3 million, or $1.29 a share, a year earlier. Revenue, including excise and POSTAL SERVICE so important to this country that we are state gasoline taxes, rose 14% to $2.88 billion eventually going to end up subsidizing in the quarter from $2.52 billion a year the mail service. The question of whether ~ earlier. HON. STEWART B. McKI EY this will be a direct subsidy will have to For the half, Mobil estimated earnings at OF CONNECTICUT be resolved. The recent announcement by $340 million, or $3.34 a share, up !rom $271.8 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the Postal Service that the price of a million, or $2.68 a share, a year before. Reve­ Wednesday, July 25, 1973 regular 8-cent stamp will rise to 10 cents nue climbed nearly 14% to $5.68 billion from in January makes one ask the question: $5 billion. Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, among :Mr. Warner said Mobil's overseas earnings, When will it reach a saturation point? as expressed in U.S. dollars, were higher, in our most precious liberties is the freedom Mr. Speaker, I am hopeful that this of the press. or, as it might bette~ be part, because of currency revaluations Congress will have the opportunity to abroad. He said, however, that gains which described, the freedom of the people to take this topic up in the near future. resulted in the increased first half results read and be informed. Indeed, it is the Perhaps at that time the Members will were partially offset by added taxes and op­ touchstone of our way of government. have the chance to address the issue of erating expenses, particularly the higher cost For it has long been recognized that only the future of the magazine industry. In­ of crude oil. an informed and critical public opinion action on our part may well make that Mobil's automotive gasoline sales volumes can protect the values of a democratic future shortlived. in the U.S. were up 8.6% in the first half, government. Whether the written trans­ Mr. Warner said. Production of crude oil and mission of news and opinion is through natural gas liquids, together with quantities private correspondence or through the received under long-term arrangements, rose PREMIUM PROFITS 5.8% to an average 2.5 million barrels daily, use of magazines and newspapers, the Mr. Warner said. important role which the Postal Service He added that production of natural gas plays is obvious. HON. DAVID R. OBEY rose 2.7% to 3.7 billion cubic feet a day; re­ This important function has not di­ OF WISCONSIN finery operations increased 9.5% to a record 2.4 million barrels a day, and petroleum minished over the years, for, as our coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES try has grown and become more complex, product sales also were up 4.5% to 2.5 million Wednesday, July 25, 1973 barrels dally. magazines and newspapers have become Sohio reported a 61% jump in pretax profit increasingly important to an informed Mr. OBEY. :Mr. Speaker, the profits of from its operations for the second quarter citizenry. To those who live in smaller the oil companies are booming. from a weak year-earlier period. A major towns and cities, they provide national Two days ago my colleague from Wis- factor was that royalty income more than CXIX--1641-Part 20 26026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 1973 tripled because of transactions with China STANDARD OIL CO. OHIO (N) shortage of our raw materials necessary for and Taiwan, resulting in a more than doub­ us to stay in business, carbon steel wire rods. ling of after-tax income before extraordinary Our Association, as well as individual com­ items. Quarter June 30 panies, has begged the State Department, Income before extraordinary items, but in­ 1973 1972 Congressmen and Senators for years to allow cluding a large payment resulting from the steel wire rods to trade freely without duty transactions with China and Taiwan, totaled and outside the voluntary quota agreements $27 million, or $1.48 a share, up from $12.8 SalesSha re _ _earns______'------_ 2$1.48 $. 70 because of the vertical position of the in­ million, or 70 cents a share, a year earlier. Income ______394, 900, 000 341, 900, 000 tegrated steel mills throughout the world. 27,000,000 12,800,000 After gains on sales of assets and other ex­ Special crediP ______To us wire rods are a raw material just as Net income ______15,300,000 ------traordinary items, net income for the quar­ 4 42, 300, 000 12, 800, 000 iron ore is to an integrated steel producer. 6 mo share ______ter was $42.3 million, or $2.32 a share. Ex­ Sales ______2 2. 43 1. 34 All we have received are platitudes, prom­ traordinary items in the 1972 period didn't 774,600,000 688, 500, 000 ises, implied action, and sympathy; while Income ______------__ 44, 500, 000 24, 600, 000 change final net because income was offset Special credit a______penetration of wire products continues un­ Net income ______15,300,000 ------lby charges and taxes. 4 59, 800, 000 24, 600, 000 abated into the U.S.A. by foreign countries. First half net before extraordinary items Japan and the EEC promised the State was $44.5 million, or $2.43 a share, up from Department they would not alter the product $24.6 million, or $1.34 a share, a year earlier. 1 Fully diluted. mix or geographical distribution of their steel 2 Based on income before special credit. After extraordinary items, net was $59.8 mil­ a In 1973; from gains on sale of real estate and interests in an exports to the U.S.A. that existed in prior lion, or $3.27 a share. Again for the half, year­ oil producing property and an Uranium property, less losses on years during the tenure of the voluntary earlier extraordinary income was offset by sale of properties to American Petrofina Inc., planned with· quota agreement. This was a spurious charges and taxes. drawal from certain unprofitable marketing operations and promise. disposal of a plastics operations; in 1972, gains on sale of in· Sales in the quarter climbed about 16 % to vestment in CanDel Oil ltd. and partnership liquidation, less Domestic steel producers publicly state on $394.9 million from $341.9 million a year losses on planned withdrawal from certain unprofitable market· propitious occasions that they had unused earlier. First half sales rose about 13 % to ing operations were offsetting. capacity and could supply the needs of all of • Equal to $2.32 a share in the qu arter and $3.27 a share in the $774.6 million from $688.5 million. six months. the independent wire producers in the U.S.A. Pretax income from operations for the sec­ if the need arose. Their statements have also Note: (N) New York Stock Exchange; (A) American Ex­ proven to be incorrect thus misleading our ond quarter were $25.7 million, up from $16 change; (0) Over-the-Counter; (Pa) Pacific; (M) Midwest) (P) million a year earlier. For the first half, PBW; (Na) National; (B) Boston; (D) Detroit; (Y) Toronto; State Department and our representatives in pretax income from operations surged to (Mo) Montreal; (F) Foreign. government. $48.5 million from $32.2 m1llion. Charles E. A "p" or "b' following exchange designation indicates com· Most all independents are operating under pany has only preferred shares, or bonds or debentures in public limited production capacity and others, par­ Spahr, chairman, said the results are "re­ hands. assuring, but it should be borne in mind that ticularly in the Southwest and Southeast the first half of 1972 was a particularly poor States, are facing the possibility of shut­ period." down in the next six months. 1974 and the subsequent years up to 1980 indicates no im­ GETTY OIL CO. (N) STEEL WIRE ROD SHORTAGE provement but only more of the problems as those now facing us. Still, few listen; and no Quarter June 30 1973 1972 one acts on our behalf. HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN Countries outside the voluntary quota OF MARYLAND agreement, i.e., Mexico, India, Canada, Korea, Share earns'------$1.25 $.55 Sales ______------406, 943 ' 000 381 , 935,000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES etc., are being inundated with wire mills 1ncome ______23, 589, 000 10,716,000 under joint ventures with the Japanese and Special charge ______2 317,000 3 17,656,000 Wednesday, July 25, 1973 European mills for the purpose of further Net income•--- ~ ------23, 272, 000 28,372, 000 exploiting the wire industry of the U.S. Some 6 month share'------2.67 1.72 Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, steel wire Sales ______---- 806, 966, 000 767, 161, 000 of these joint ventures are financed by U.S. I nco me ______- 50, 595, 000 33,103, 000 rods are a simple looking item, but this banks, such as in the Mason Free Trade Zone Special credit •- __ ------­ 5, 769, 000 18,756, 000 simple looking item is part of a complex in Korea. Net income •------56, 364, 000 51 , 859,000 controversy. Users, those who turn the Average shares ______18, 669, 000 18,708, 571 The U.S. wire industry, a vital need to rods into fences and clothes hangers, America in war and peace, faces virtual ex­ allege there is a shortage of the rods tinction with the resultant loss of thousands t Based on income before special items. of Ciisis proportions. The State Depart­ of jobs from Maine to Florida and from New 2 Loss; from reduction in tax-timing benefits overestimated ment tends to agree with them. York to California. in the first quarter. Father William Hogan, the renowned Jesuit s Credit; in the 6 month period of 1973, represents gains The House Ways and Means Commit­ resulting from sale of marketing subsidiaries. 1n Europe and Priest from Fordham University, who has from tax-timing benefits; and in the quarter and 6 months of tee is cmTently working on the Trade studied the economics of heavy industries on 1972, gains on sale of 2 properties, restatement of amounts of Reform Act of 1973 and foreign produced a global basis for over 25 years, has stated certain currencies revalued in 1971 and tax-timing benefits. steel wire rods are a major factor in the that due to the lack of melting capacity both • Equal to $1.23 a share in the quarter and $2.98 a share in the 6 months of 1973, compared with $1.49 and $2.72, respectively, issue. Those independent wire producers here and abroad, coupled with the huge de­ in like 1972 periods. consider wire rods to be a raw material mand for steel in the 70's that a severe short­ and say they should be exempt from age lasting into 1980's is upon us unless something is done now! Nothing more than MOBIL OIL CORP. ( N) duty as is iron ore. molehills are planned when mountains are At this point, Mr. Speaker, I would needed. Quarter June 30 1973 1972 like to have inserted into the RECORD, a The Japan Iron and Steel Institute, the letter by Mr. Clyde A. Long, chairman International Iron and Steel Institutes and other knowledgeable persons and associations Share earns ____ ------__ _ $1.81 $1.29 of the National Fence Manufacturing Revenue 1_____ ------2, 880, 000, 000 2, 520, 000, 000 Co. Mr. Long's letter expresses the thrust are convinced that the world steel shortage Net income ______------__ 184, 2003~g~ 130, 3002~g~ of the crisis and will be of great benefit is not likely to be temporary or a passing 6-month share ______phenomena. And further that current expan­ Revenuet •••• ·----··------5, 680, 000, 000 5, 000, 000, 000 to all of my colleagues: sion projects will only have a temporary im­ Netincome. ___ ------. _ 34, 000, 000 271, 800, 000 NATIONAL FENCE pact and will not ease the worldwide imbal­ MANUFACTURING Co., INC., ance of demand and supply in the long run. t Includes excise and Stat e gasoline taxes. Bladensburg, Md., July 17, 1973. The estimates vary, but not by much. The Ml'. ROBERT L. BARTLEY, total world ingot capacity in 1975 will be Editorial Page Editor, The Wall Street Jour­ MURPHY OIL CORP. (N) 815,912,000 metric tons with consumption at nal, New York, N.Y. 800,000,000 metric tons. At an operating effi· DEAR MR. BARTLEY: We need some public ciency of 90 % , the shortage in 1975 will be Quarter June 30: 1973 1972 attention immediately. 65,272,960 metric tons. The Independent American Wire Producers As this demand continues, production of Share earnst ______$1.57 $. 18 of U.S.A. (IWDA), those companies who do low carbon steel (low priced steel) is being Sales ______•• ------114, 402,000 87,909,000 not have their own steel making facilities further and further reduced by the inte­ Net income ___ ------2 9, 191,000 1, 234,000 6 month sharet ______and are forced to buy their raw material, grated mills because of their low profitabil­ Sales ______2. 68 .89 222, 281, 000 182, 357, 000 carbon steel wire rods, from integrated mills ity. Our raw steel wire rods, falls in this Net income __ _ ------15,643, 000 5, 325,000 both domestically and abroad are facing a category. Average sharest ______5, 798,336 5, 350,251 dilema which is nearing the terminal stage. The billions of dollars spent by U.S. inte· Caught in one direction by severe price grated mills in the 70's were used to modern­ competition from integrated steel mills, both ize outdated facilities and did not add any domestic and abroad, on the finished goods capacity to speak of for the marketplace. which we produce, we are now facing a global Their low net returns on sales, added to their July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26027 debt ratio positions, put them in a poor per­ are good for the environment. They do fit in a No. 10 envelope and that it be free. spective for the Investment capital needed not pollute. They require few natural re­ Because of my knowledge of printing require­ to begin to Increase the capacity of their sources to construct, and they require ments, I designed a 20-page booklet (the mills. very little precious urban land either for number of pages must be divisible by four). In capsule form, we are faced with: First Insurance agreed to pay for it as a pub­ 1. A domestic industry incapable of sup­ parking or for riding. lic service, and we had 10,000 printed. They plying our raw material. Furthermore, bicycles can provide both were snatched up right away. 2. An onslaught of our market place with a means of exercise and a pleasurable I don't know what printing we're on now, foreign goods to compete with our finished way to relax. but I frequently see announcements in the products. Given the tremendous increase in bike newspapers that the police are going to hold 3. A voluntary restraint quota system usage, bicycle safety becomes more im­ a bicycle safety clinic and that their cartoon­ which discourages the export of our raw illustrated booklet will be given away free. steel requirements from abroad. portant. Mr. Speaker, because the The police also distribute the booklet at 4. A duty on cur raw steel from abroad problem of bicycle safety is growing all schools. In addition large numbers of them which is inconsistent with the non-duty over the country, I am pleased at this have been given out by military posts; they status of iron ore used by integrated mills. time to insert into the RECORD an article are also provided to members of the Biker's 5. The entry of "third country" nations which narrates how one woman in my Hawaii; and they are available to the public with finished wire products carrying little or State, Mrs. Marilyn Kahalewai, did a at First Insurance and the public libraries. no duty and with no restriction on the quan­ very impressive and successful job of pro­ HAND SIGNAL AND TURNS tities they may export to the U.S. along with moting bicycle safety. I trust that other No person shall turn except from the tax incentives and government subsidies to proper lane, or turn or stop without the encourage such exports. communities will take note of this article so that safety will be associated with the proper hand signals. Hand signals shall be 6. A steel industry in U.S. with profit given by the left hand in the following man­ margins so low over the recent years that it other advantages of bicycle riding. ner: restricts them obtaining the huge capital re­ The article follows: Left turn-Hand and ru.-m extended hori­ quirements necessary to correct a shortage of [From Trafilc Safety, July 1973] zontally. steel required in the immediate future. HAPPY BIKING IN liAWAII Right turn-Hand and arm extended up­ 7. A wage price board pending a phase IV ward. program likely to retard the steel industries (Hawaii has a new bicycle rules-of-the­ profitability in the years to come. road booklet, thanks to the efforts of one Stop or slow down-Hand and arm ex­ 8. No government agency or anyone else woman with an idea, talent, and enthu­ tended downward, palm to the rear. to whom our story can be told so that some siasm. The woman is Mrs. Marilyn Kahale­ RIDING ON BICYCLES positive reactions can occur. wai, who wrote a letter to Charlotte Mont­ a. person riding a bicycle shall not ride I would hope that an industry as vital to gomery, a member of the National Safety other than upon a permanent and regular our consumer market and the defense sys­ Countil's board of directors, telling her about seat attached thereto. tems of the United States would be recog­ the project. Mrs. Montgomery passed the let­ Which means: You have to ride on the reg­ nized as such now. The entire infrastructure ter along to Traffic Safety so that readers ular seat. (Well, you can stand up to pump of the U.S. is in need of rebuilding and it will could profit from Mrs. Ka.halewai's expe­ up a hill.) require thousands upon thousands of tons rience. The letter appears below.) b. No bicycle shall be used to carry more of additional steel capacity for areas such as Bicycle safety is a problem in most com­ persons at one time than the number for elevated clover-leafs through our cities, out­ munities in the United States, and some­ which it is designed and equipped. dated bridges, a second rate merchant fieet, times it just takes one person to actually do Which means: No packing! Unless you urban redevelopment, air and water pollu­ something-and that starts the rest. In have a tandem bike with two seats, handle­ tion control equipment, additional housing Honolulu, which in effect means the State bars and sets of pedals, don't give rides to and many other basic industries. of Haiwail, it was I. I am passing the story your friends. The handlebars, cross bar, ba­ Perhaps when women's hair pins are not on to you because I think it may be useful nana seat and rear fender are not meant available and wire clothes hangers are not to other communities. Here is the story. to carry extra persons. available to keep men's suits neatly hung or Every so often someone would write to one CLINGING TO MOVING VEHICLES when a chain link fence is not available to of the newspapers and ask just what bicycle house their pet dog, our legislators may re­ laws were in effect in this state. Always the No person riding upon any bicycle, motor­ act to correct a national disaster. answer was the same: "They are contained cycle, motor scooter, coaster, roller skates or The House Ways and Means Committee is in the motor vehicle code book, if you can skateboard, or any toy vehicle shall attach meeting now to consider the World Trade find them and understand them and want to the same or himself to any moving vehicle Act of 1973. I would hope that deliberations pay the $3 for the book." upon a roadway. of these problems are not reduced to meet Then we had a biker's Sunday on which Which means: Hitching a ride on a car or a prearranged time table and a draft ap­ one o! the major streets was closed and given any other moving vehicle is illegal, danger­ proved which could have deliterious conse­ over to cyclists. The newspaper reports the ous, and boy is it dumb! quences for another ten years. If so, there next day called it quite a success, but also BIKEWAYS may likely not be a domestic wire industry quoted a policeman as saying, "Nobody a. In the Traffic Code, ••bikeways" refers to seemed to know what the laws are." around in 1983 for them to consider. all bicycle lanes on roadways or separate bi­ I certainly hope that you would write an I learned then that the president of the cycle paths. article on this subject with the hope that biker's club was Bob Krauss, one of our most b. Bikeways provided for by pavement government, business, public leaders can popular newspaper columnists. I am a free­ markings will be painted green in color. come together for a common interest to pre­ lance artist, and I decided that this had gone 1. When a solid white and a solid green serve this vital segment of our economy. on long enough I wrote to Bob Krauss and line are used to designate a bikeway, all Very truly yours, told him that if his club would get financial backing to pay for printing, I would like to other vehicles are prohibited from using the CLYDE A. LONG, bikeway, except to make way for emergency Chairman of the Board. write and illustrate a pamphlet on the rules vehicles. as a small contribution to the people of this Which means: Bikeways are for bikes only, state. except for emergency vehicles, and then bikes I sent him a sample of the format I wanted as well as cars must pull over to the right and to use. First the rule as it is in the book, but stop. MARILYN KAHALEWAI DEVELOPS simplified where desirable, followed by which BIKE SAFETY CODE FOR HAWAll means in a more direct, simplified, and en­ 2. Any other vehicles intending to turn tertaining form-and where possible, a car­ right or left across a bikeway, shall yield toon. (I sketched the three kids on one bike right-of-way to bicycles using the bikeway. HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA as au example.) Bob Krauss was ecstatic; the Which means: Bikes have the right-of­ pollee were delighted; the state highway way over cars and other vehicles crossing OF HAWAU commission was reli6ved; the bike club mem­ the bikeway, but don't push it. They are usu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bers were pleased; and I was happy because ally bigger than you are. 3. Where there is no paved sidewalk pro­ Wednesday, July 25, 1973 I got to do it as I wanted to. Immediately we set up a meeting with the vided, pedestrians may use the bikeway and Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, bi­ traffic education people in the police depart­ shall have right-of-way over bicycles. ment, and they helped me locate the rules. I Which means: If there is no sidewalk, bike cycling is one of the fastest growing riders have to let pedestrians use the bike­ modes of transportation in the country went home, wrote a rough draft, and we had a second meeting. My first draft was almost way. today, and in these days when eoonomy the final copy. I was very happy that they 4. Every person operating a bicycle on a and the environment mean so much, bi­ did not get· stuffy and insist on formal word­ roadway or bikeway shall stay as near to the cycles have much to offer. Bicycles are ing, but allowed me to use my sense of right side as possible, exercising due care economical-they are inexpensive both humor. when passing a standing vehicle or one pro­ to buy and especially to operate. Bicycles It was I who suggested that it be made to ceeding in the same direction. 26028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 1973 Which means: Stay on the right. When you its government. Time and again, as we talked her children. ''It's just so stupid," she told have to pa-ss a parked car or something, look they expressed their concern that someh~w me. "Why didn't the man just have more out for cars behind you, wait if necessary, and we must find a way out of the mess that will trust in the American public?" pass with great care. make us better for the experience. Now it would be, of course, an easy thing 5. Persons operating a bicycle on a roadway In their eyes this is still the greatest coun­ to make fun of the people of Main Street. or bikeway shall ride single file. try on the face of. the earth; and even in Their straightforward adherence to a sys­ 6. Wherever a bikeway has been provided the midst of this present scandal, they re­ tem of ethics right out of the "Boy Scout bicycle riders shall use such paths and not peatedly urged me, we should never lose sight Handbook," their unabashed patrio'~ ism, the part of the roadway reserved for motor of that fact. Indeed, so strong does this feel­ their readiness to pardon almost all sins vehicles. ing seem to be that I found it in some high­ in their President-all these qualities of Which means: Of course we'd rather use ly unlikely places. theirs are rich in the potential for parody. the bikew~ys! All we need are more of them! For instance, a fundamentalist preacher If the cynicism of the Big City's streets has said, on the one hand, that he was not at been bred into you, it is easy to mock their all dismayed by Watergate. It was, he assured naive trust in the nation's leaders. me, just another sign that the end of this If a liberal political pe1·suasion has made WATERGATE ON MAIN STREET world is at hand, and that we have entered you long uneasy about Richard Nixon, it is what the Bible calls the "Latter Days." Yet easy to now say: What took these people only a moment afterwards he hastened to so long to wake up? HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS add: "But, I guess I'm just like every other But to do so would be to miss some of OF ILLINOIS American. I've got to hope that this all turns the most essential things about them, and, out for the best!" by extension, about the people of all the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Above all else, the people of Main Street Main Streets in America. Americans simply Wednesday, July 25, 1973 do not want to see political capital made out are, by nature, slow to anger, quick to for­ of the situation. give, and almost desperate to believe the Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, an asso­ In fact, it is the suspicion that something best about their fellow man. Especially ciate professor of history at Lake Forest like that might just be taking place which about the one whom they choose to lead College in Dlinois, Ronald Grossman, seems to inspire their more cynical moments. them. recently conducted a survey of Water­ One day, for example, I took a little survey There is, for instance, an old black woman gate's impact on the citizens of middle down at the Bloomington Post Office. Of the in Bloomington who is a relative newcomer America. His final report in the series 20 or 30 guys at work on the sorting floor to the community. Because she lived most appeared in today's edition of the Chi­ scarcely a single one doubted that the Presi­ of her life in the Deep South, until she dent must have been involved in the affair, came to Bloomington she had never voted. cago Tribune. Under leave to extend my in one way or another. But a few years ago her daughter brought remarks in the RECORD, I include Mr. Yet a considerable number of them her North, and last year she finally got a Grossman's article herewith and recom­ thought that the Senate Watergate commit­ chance to exercise this most fundamental mend that my colleagues in the Congress tee's hearings were just a big waste of time of democratic privileges. take time to read it. and money. At first I was puzzled by that, The woman is by now in her seventies and This particular report was filed from but then I began to realize what it wa-s they thus not too agile any more. So on electivn were trying to say. Their fear was that after day someone came around with a car and Bloomington, in McLean County, Ill., all the cameras have been put away, and all which I was privileged to represent for saw to it that she got to the polls. Now in of the senators have had their opportunity to some parts of the country, had this happened, many years until the redistricting last show off for the voters back home, it will be they would have seen to it that the woman year. My home is in the adjacent county politics as usual; and no one will go to jail had a list of the right candidates in her hand of Ford. I know these people. I am one for their misdeeds. when she stepped into the booth. And in of them. Yet the people of Main Street do not, on some places I can think of they would have While the author mentions few names, the other hand, want the President to be even saved her the effort of making her his analysis I believe is a true appraisal made a scapegoat for the affair. Few of those own ballot. · with whom I talked would like to see him But they do not do too much of that sort of the basic thinking of the good, rugged impeached; and only a few more would like Americans who live in this section of of thing around here. The Republicans do him to step down of his own accord. What not because they hardly need any more votes Dlinois in the Nation's heartland. They then do they want of him? That is a curious than they already get. The Democrats do possess an ingrained commonsense--an thing: In a way what the people of McLean not :Jecause they could drive all over McLean ability to cooly assess and analyze situa­ County want more than anything else is an County from one election day .to the next, tions. I am convinced they are typical apology. An apology? they still are not going to find enough votes of citizens in many other congressional Yes, just that. And not so much for the to even make a horse race out of it. Watergate incident itself; nor even for the No, they drove this old woman to the districts across the country. attempted coverup of the affair. What they Like most of us, they do not like what polls because that is the kind of place it is. really want is for the President to apologize When people hear that there is someone who has happened. But like many of us, too, to them for not having trusted them. For not wants to vote, and has never had the they can understand the demands and having trusted them in the first place, to chance before, well, then they just see to it pressures of the Presidency. They are return him to office simply thru the force of that she has a ride. also not a vindictive people. They do not their votes. But on the way over the people who had wish to "get Nixon," regardless of the And for not having trusted them, after­ picked her up just could not resist a-sking wards, by coming right out with a simple her who she was going to vote for. Because of consequences. And as the article con­ and direct statement about what had gone cludes, they want to be understanding wrong. where and when she had grown up, the old and forgiving wherever possible. Their woman never had the chance to go to schooL The more I talked to the people of She cannot afford a TV, and had to confess concern is for the future of our Nation. Bloomington and McLean County, the more that she really did not know too much about Official Washington has been mesmer­ I was struck by how much they are willing the candidates. ized by Watergate for many months now. to pardon in their President. Whatever may "But," she said to them, "I do know that As we continue to ponder this question, turn out to be the case about Richard Nixon's involvement in the Watergate affair, I want to vote for a good man. For just once perhaps we need to remember that in my life I want to vote for a good man." Did Washington is not the Nation-and the the citizens of this part of the country seem they perhaps know, she asked her new ready to forgive him, as a human being, for friends, of a good man? Nation is not Washington. As the fol­ almost anything. Soon now the work of the Senate Water­ lowing article reminds us: Except for his refusal to level with them gate committee will be done. And soon also This is still the greatest country on the about it. I met one man, for example, who Archibald Cox's grand jury will be handing they tell me contributed a king's ransom to face of the earth-and we should never lose up its indictments. A number of former sight of that fact. the President's reelection campaign; and I high officials of our government are going to asked him what he felt was the real problem The article follows: of Watergate. be facing some very serious charges. Those indictments, no doubt, will accuse them of WATERGATE ON MAIN STREET "Well," he said "it's like in a family. things like wiretapping and perjury, obstruc­ (By Ronald Grossman) When something goes wrong, you've just an tion of justice, violating the laws on the BLOOMINGTON, ILL.-"You know, Washing­ got to sit down, and holler and scream at proper use of campaign funds. ton's an impressive place," a young school each other, and get it over with!" But their gravest crime will not even· be teacher, who recently had talcen her class tor The President's greatest failing, many of mentioned in the court's documents. For in a visit there, told me. "Even with Watergate, that man's neighbors would agree, has been reality thtir worst offense was to have so it's still a pretty impressive place." in not sitting down and talking it over with little respect for the simple desire of that old That simple statement, it seems to me, the American people. That is just what they woman-and with her, that of all the other nicely sums up the way many of the people are saying over at the Sunday School where people of Main Street-to vote for a Good of Main Street feel about their country and Mrs. June Kirkton, a young farm wife, sends Man to be her President. July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26029 BENEFIT OF THE HANDICAPPED of spaces that are larger than usual and des­ about Communist aggression and the di­ ignated for use by the handicapped; rect threat it poses to the people of South Lower lights switches and lower water Vietnam is clearly evidenced by their HON. JOSHUA EILBERG fountains. eagerness to open diplomatic channels, Legal notice regarding the new regula­ OF PENNSYLVANIA tions was published today under the Phila­ and the trade dealings that inevitably IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES delphia Home Rule Charter, Sections 8-407 follows, with Communist North Vietnam. and 7-400. This affinity is also understandable, Wednesday, July 25, 1973 especially in light of the considerable Mr. En.BERG. Mr. Speaker, for too political influence that the Communist long we have ignored the fact that NATO COUNTRIES GRANT RECOG­ Party has in many NATO countries. handicapped persons have special prob­ NITION TO NORTH VIETNAM: Three of our NATO allies, France, Ice­ lems in dealing with such obstacles as A DIPLOMATIC DOUBLE STAND­ land, and Italy recorded a total vote for revolving doors, stairs, and narrow door­ ARD the Communist Party in excess of 20 per­ ways. cent. In Italy and Iceland, the party I am happy to announce that the city commands a 28 and 25 percent voting of Philadelphia's Licenses and Inspec­ HON. JOHN ·R. RARICK bloc in their national legislatures, respec­ tions Department will require commer­ OF LOUISIANA tively. cial buildings to install the Nation's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES While this may not appear to be a most advanced equipment for the bene­ Wednesday, July 25, 1973 large enough majority to control na­ fit of the handicapped. tional policy, it should be remembered These new regulations will go into Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, while the that the present administration of this effect in 30 days. hue and cry is heard in Europe to keep country represents a political party with At this time, I enter into the RECORD U.S. fightingmen there as protection a mere 27 percent of the registered an article released by the city of Phila­ against possible Communist aggression, voters. delphia on this matter: our NATO allies are busy granting for­ Interestingly enough, those four NATO BENEFIT OF THE HANDICAPPED mal diplomatic recognition to the Com­ countries that have not recognized New regulat ions requiring special facili­ munist aggressors who were killing U.S. North Vietnam, that is, Greece, Norway, ties for the handicapped have been com­ soldiers in Vietnam as recently as a few Portugal, and Turkey, have no elected pleted, and will become part of the Phila­ short months ago-and are still killing Communist legislators. In fact, in three delphia building code in 30 days, it was our allies. announced today by Joseph A. Verica, Com­ Britain has already announced recog­ of these countries the Communist Party missioner of Licenses and Inspect ions. nition of the Communist regime in North has been outlawed. Verica hailed the new regulations, the Vietnam and West Germany is expected I insert a table showing the strength result of slx months' effort by his depart­ to follow suit. Other NATO allies that of Communist Parties in NATO countries ment, as the most comprehensive in the following my remarks. nation for the benefit of t he physically have recognized Hanoi include Canada, handicapped. France, Belgium, Holland, Italy, Luxem­ It is a diplomatic double standard on Among the requirements for all commer­ bourg, Iceland, and Denmark. the part of most NATO members to de­ cial buildings including hotels, motels and The U.S. Government estimates that mand U.S. protection from communism apartment houses, industrial plants and to maintain the presence of 300,000 on one hand, and expand ties with them institutions are: American troops in Europe costs the tax­ on the other. At least one ent rance with ramp and payer some $1.5 billion a year. This Surely the billions of dollars we have graded approach, with immediate access to money leaving our treasury seriously spent to protect the lives and property. of elevators; Europeans through NATO could have Doorways wide enough for a wheel chair, worsens the already burdened balance of with doors that pull open easily or open payment deficit to this country. been better spent in this country to di­ automatically and remain open for several Our European allies are concerned rectly benefit our people, rather than seconds; about their own safety from possible at­ bolster the economies of countries that Toilet facilities with wide stalls and hand­ tack by the heavily armed Warsaw Pact, engage in diplomatic ties with our rails. At least one such toilet for each sex so it is understandable that they seek to enemies in North Vietnam. on each floor of multi-storied buildings; maintain NATO's 44-52 ready military I insert the related information to fol­ At buildings with parking lots, a number divisions. However, their lack of concern low at this point:

STRENGTH OF COMMU NIST PARTIES I N NATO COU NTRIES

Votes cast for Percent of Votes cast for Percent of Communist Communist Communist Communist Party Party Party Party Estimated in last vote to Percent of Estimated in last vote to Percent of Country membership election total vote Seats seats Country membership election total vote Seats seats

Italy______-----~-;; Belgium ______------~ 12, 500 162, 463 3. 1 5 2. 4 11, 521, 000 8, 555, 477 26.9 4177 28.0 Canada ______--_-- 1 2, 000 4, 344 • 1 0 0 Luxembourg ____ -----_--- - __ _ 500 402, 610 15. 5 6 10. 7 Denmark ______- ___ - -__-- 5, 000 39, 344 ·t. 4 0 0 Netherlands ___ ------10, GOO 246, 328 · 3. 9 6 4. 0 295, 000 4, 435, 357 20. 03 34 ·6. 98 Norway _____ ------2, 000-2, 500 22, 520 1. 0 0 0 WestFrance_·------Germany ______- -_ Portugai s______>7. 000 2197, 570 • 6 0 0 2, 000 ------Greece a_ _------28, 000 ------Turkey ______------3,000 Iceland ______------1, 000- 2, 000 27, 500 26. 08 15 25. 0 United Kingdom ______29, ooo ------37; sss· ------~r------o·------o ·--

1 Claimed. · 4 In 1969 5 deputies of the so-called Manifesto Current were expelled from the PCI. 2 The Communist Party in West Germany is outlawed. These figures are for the front organiza­ tion for the German Commu nist Party, Action for Democratic Progress. Source: Department .o! State. \'f'orld Strength of the Commu nist Party Organizations, 24th s The Communist Party has been outlawed. An nual Report, 1972 ed1t1on, Wash 1ngton Bureau of Intell igence and Research.

[From the Washington Star-News, most member nations of t he North Atlan t ic moves toward a pullout of American forces July 7, 1973] Treaty Organization are recognizing the from NATO is a measure of the concern over NORTH VIETNAM RECOGNIZED BY Hanoi regime. growing sent iment in the Congress and the GREAT BRITAIN Other NATO countries that have recog­ country in favor of a troop cut. Last week, LoNDON.-Britain has announced formal nized Hanoi include Canada, France, Bel­ the House Foreign Affairs Committee heard recognition of the Communist government gium, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Iceland from Deputy Secretary of State Kenneth of North Vietnam and offered early negotia­ and Denmark. Rush; Defense Secretary James R. Schlesin­ There is no British recognition of any sort tions for the establishment of full diplomatic ger; Admiral Thomas Moorer, chairman of for the Viet Cong or its Provisional Revolu­ the Joint Chiefs; the Supreme Allied Com­ relations. tionary Government in South Vietnam. If the Hanoi authorities agree, talks on mander in Europe, Gen. Andrew J. Goodpas­ ter, and others. exchanging ambassadors and other aspects [From the Washington Star, July 17, 1973] of a diplomatic relationship will begin in The message of all of them was substan- · Peking within the next month or so. NATO TROOP CUTS tially the same: A unilateral American troop The ~ritish action is likely to be followed The heavy artillery rolled out by the ad­ withdrawal from NATO of any size would be soon by West Germany, which will mean that ministration to shoot down congressional a disaster that would cripple negotiations 26030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 25, 1973 with the Soviet Union on possible mutual still exert its authority in this area by his swimming pool and building a wall reductions, seriously weaken NATO's array approving H.R. 1309 without any fur­ around his property. of conventional forces and lead inevitably to therdelay. Some of you may wonder why the Pres­ an "unraveling.. of the Atlantic Alllance. ident needs an estate in California and an There Is good reason for the administra­ ------estate in Florida, in addition to the White tion's concern. The message it is trying to House and the mountain retreat at Camp get across is meeting with Increased resist,.. NIXON AND WELFARE FOR THE David and the Presidential yacht. ance as time goes by. The dangers they point RICH You may wonder why a. man who wanted to are being weighed against a growing pre­ so desperately to get into the White House occupation with purely domestic affairs, an should leave it so often. Well, we found out unfavorable balance of payments and trade, HON. BELLA S. ABZUG from the Watergate hearings what the prob­ resentment. toward all things military and a OF HEW YORK lem is at the House. It has windows, and general conviction that, in an era of detente., IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES occasionally the President looks out ot a there is no real threat to Western Europe. window and he may see a demonstrator or In the past, the real threat on troop with­ Wednesday, July 25, 1973 even a whole bunch of demonstrators yell­ drawals has come from the Senate, where ing about peace ·or welfare rights or high Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, it was my prices. Majority Leader Mike Mansfield's amend­ great pleasure to be asked to address the ment. calling fol' ..substantial" reductions in That upsets Mr. N"uron so he flies o:fl' to Cali­ NATO forces has been gaining substantial National Welfare Rights Organization fornia or Florida where ordinary people can't support. Until now, the mor~ hawkish Hou~e Convention held in Washington last see him, and viee versa. And. as you know. has provided insurance agaiDSt any drast1c week. NWRO has long been in the fore­ when the President goes off, he doesn't go cong.ressiorull action. But today, no fewer front of the struggle to insure a decent alone. His family goes with him. His aides than 54 congreSSlllen have sponsored resolu­ living to all Americans. But under Mr. and lawyers and administrative staff go with tions similar to Senator Mansfield's and the Nixon. welfare has been considered de­ him. The secret service and the press go too. And government helicopters and airplanes momentum is growing. gradin~ except when it is given to the In our own view, the clamor fo:r troop cuts and $100 a day hotel accommodatio:ns and rich. I would like to msert my remarks in Europe is very seriously misguided. If long-distance communications are all put to there is a genuine detente in Europe today­ given Thursday. July 12 before the use. and that still remains to be seen-i"t depends NMRO. Running away !rom the people is a very ex­ very much upon a stable balance of power NIXON AND WBLF.AltE FOB TBE Rxcn' pensive Presidential habit--and who pays for it? The people. which NATO-including the American con­ rm very happy to be here with you tonight, tribution to it--represents. A unilateral but I suspect that you may have invited the For weeks now the American people have American pullout would seriously upset that wrong speaker. If you wanted to hear an au­ been learning the facts about Watergate­ and when I say Watergate, I'm not just talk­ balance, both militarily and psychologically, thority on welfar~ you should have invited producing instabilities the consequences of the nation's foremost welfare recipient, ing about the break-in at Democratic Party which no one can accurately foresee. Richard Nixon. headquarters, but about a host of criminal You may have heard comedian David Frye's acts~ wiretapping, conspiracy, perjury, ob­ comment on Watergate that the President struction of justice, fllegal campaign financ­ took crime off "the streets and brought it ing, mail fraud, interference with the elec­ toral process, tax violations, and misuse of NONSMOKERS RELIEF ACT IS STILL right into the White House. We might also government resources. NEEDED add that the President is taking wel!are away from the poor and giving it to the rich, in­ This week we've seen John Mitchell on the hot seat, and I'm wondering why none of the cluding himself. Of course, the President has been speaking members of "the Ervin committee has ques­ HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG to you-indirectly. tioned this former attorney general about his criminal action two years ago when he had OF FLORIDA Last year, before he went into hiding, he more than 14,000 people arrested here in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was going around the country lecturing about Washington during May Day demonstrations the glories of bard work for the poor. I will Wednesday, July 25, 1973 against the war in Indochina. The scale of leave it to you to judge whether you or he those mass dragnet arrests was unprecedent­ has more personal experience with working Mr. YOUNG of Florida. M~. Speaker, ed in the history of OW' Nation. hard, but one of the things Mr. Nixon kept John Mitchell boasted about them at the recently the Civil Aeronautics Boru:d referring to was the dignity of such work as amended its regulations so that domestic time while thousands of citizens, many of emptying bedpans. Apparently, at one time them just Wasbingt.onians who were passing airlines are now required to provide de­ his mother did that, and he feels that's a good signated "no smoking" areas aboard by and were not even demonstrating. were enough job--for women. dragged off to detention centers and held their aircraft. For himself, Mr. Nixon has other standardS. under miserable conditions without formal The Board justified this action, which He also has an uncanny talent for developing charges or any semblance of legality. took effect on July 10, 1973, on the friendships with rich people who are so deep­ I was an eye witness to those events, and ly concerned with his welfare that. they insist grounds that expo~ure to to~acco smoke I find it interesting that while thousands of on giving him loans and favors. these men, women, and even children were is annoying and discomforting to those From the early days when he launched his passengers who do not smoke. being held without food or shelter in an open political career by using witchhunts, smears, stadium it was the black community of 1 praised the Board on its announce­ deception and other dirty tactics to win of­ ment when it first appeared, and at that Washington that turned out to help them fice, Mr. Nixon has had wealthy businessmen and threw :food to them over the fences. And looking after his interests, presumably be­ time I again called to our colleagues' at­ it was a couple of bla~k Congressmen who tetltlon my bill. H.R. 1309, which would cause they had reason to believe be would joined me in protesting these arrests. and Jtcquire all modes of interstate transpor­ look after their interests. And so he has. of course we're all on the official enemies list tation to provide areas for nonsmokers. There was the private slush fund set up now. for him. by California businessmen in his I recall those mass arrests at this ti"me I might add that this legislation was first 1952 campaign. There was the prestigious introduced on February 22, 1971. because they typified the Nixon Adminis­ wan street firm that quickly gave him a job tration's contempt for the law and its long Unfortunately, no action has been after he lost the governorship in California, record of illegal unconstitutional actions cul­ taken by the Congress on my bill. Despite enabling him to get what he has called eco­ minating in the Watergate break-in. Water­ reports indicating the damaging effects nomic security and what we call wealth. gate was not an isolated incident. It was the of smoke in confined areas and the wide­ There were the corporations and business­ ugly soul of this Administration. spread support in favor of this legisla­ men who stuffed up to $60 million into his We have seen over the years an alarming reelection campaign. There was his million­ tion which has continued to arrive in my flow of power to the White House, aided by aire friend Robert. Abplanalp. who gave him a Congress that too often abdicated its re­ o.mce the Congress again allowed admin­ money to buy a million and a half dollar istraiive agencies to do the job by adopt­ sponsibilities under the Constitution. We are estate at. San Clemente. And there's his rich now witnessing the corruption that such un­ ing regulations to protect the rights of pal Bebe Rebozo, who just happened to buy checked power brings and, most dangerous nonsmoking Americans. a $100,000 house in the Washington subur~ of au. the use of power to maintain power by Nevertheless. the need to protect the which he says he is renting to the Presi­ unlawful means. rights of nonsmokers cannot be disputed. dent's daughter. thus saving Julie and David We have to ask ourselves. Power for whom from worrying about :finding a ren.t controlled and to do what? Why was it so important to Even though the Civll Aeronautics apartment or getting into public housing. Board•s order is now in e:ffect and be­ reelect President Nixon that men lied and de­ And there was the $2 million paid for by ceived and broke the law over and over again cause the Interstate Commerce Commis­ the American taxpayers for hom.e improve­ to keep him in the White House? sion has ordered separate seating on ments at Mr. Nixon's property in San Clem­ The answer is that power under this Ad­ buses-a proposal which is now held up ente. We're told that these items were needed ministration was and is used to make the rich by court appeals-the Congress should to protect the President-items like heating richer and the poor poorer. Power in this gov- July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26031 ernment is used by and for special interests welfare checks. They are not even to have markable progress and prosperity for groups, the big corporations, the big agricul­ the dignity of getting decent jobs at decent this small Latin American country. tural interests, the polluters, the multina­ pay, or the opportunity to get into educa­ In an otherwise stormy era in Latin tional corporations like ITT, and the tional and training programs that will give America, Puerto Rico has managed to profiteers. them some hope of emerging from desperate Let's iook at just one instance. In arrang­ poverty into an adequate standard of living. avoid the bloodshed and governmental ing the sale of wheat to the Soviet Union In talking about Mr. Nixon's political and turbulence which has affected so many of last year, the Nixon Administration used its social and economic Watergate schemes, we her sister countries in this area of the inside information t.., cheat the taxpayers should keep in mind that women are the hid­ world. It is only through responsible and out of $300 million that was used to sub­ den heroines of Watergate. Why? Because effective leadership that Puerto Rico has sidize the big Midwestern grain dealers. The aside from a couple of women who were used been commonly referred to as the "work­ result was that poor people and ordinary as patsies by their husbands or bosses, shop of democracy" in Latin America. Americans had to pay more ::or bread and women were simply not involved in Water­ eggs and meat. Under this Administration gate. Let us also on this day pay tribute high profits for the few means intolerably In a recent speech, Caroline Wilkins, the to the thousands of Puerto Ricans who high prices for the many. vice chair person of the Democratic National have contributed so much to the welfare The same Watergate mentality that Committee said that more women should get of the United States. In all fields of the brought us sabotage of our electoral system into politics and capitalize on the fact that society, the impact of the Puerto Rican also brought us the Nixon Watergate budg­ only men have been implicated so far in community has been steadily emerging et-an attempt to sabotage efforts to use the Watergate scandal. Because of Water­ snce 1952. even a small portion of our country's re­ gate, she said, the credibility of all incum­ Mr. Speaker, I wish to join with the sources for the needs of millions of bents will be questioned and it will take Americans. women candidates to restore public confi­ rest of my colleagues in observing this What doos Nixon's Watergate budget pro­ dence in the democratic system. significant event, and wishing to the pose? $5 bi2lion mor.; for military expencli­ Ms. Wilkins also pointed out that the citizens of Puerto Rico, and the Puerto tures-up to a record amount of $f3.5 bil­ biggest waste of energy in America today Ricans living as citizens of the United lion. More that $14 billion less for soc:al is women's energy. Unemployment among States continued good fortune in the programs. No mor'-' rent subsidies or money women workers, she said, has risen more years to come. for housing. Title I education funds slashed. than 40 percent under this Republican ad­ I wish also on this day to pay special Neighborhood health centers closed down. ministration. The gap between male and fe­ Mental health programs abandoned. Basic male pay for comparable work has widened. tribute to my distinguished colleague medical research and health training cut And, she also said, six million more peo­ from Puerto Rico, Mr. BENITEz, and con­ back. Model cities, community action and ple, 85 percent of them women and de­ gratulate him on his excellent represen­ poverty programs dumpe i. More money pendent children, have been forced onto tation of his constituents. squeezed out of the elderly for Medicare. welfare. And, of course, Mr. Nixon didn't just wait I think that it is an important message around for Congress to okay his budget cuts. for you. I know at this convention you have GUATEMALA, 1973 He has started putting his program into been discussing ways to increase your effect, trying to destroy OEO, job training strength and to reach out to all poor peo­ programs, housing programs, and social ple, not just those on welfare. I hope that HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL services. you will continue to work with us in the OF NEW YORK He isn't getting away with-completely. women's movement to advance our common IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Through a combination of Congressional ac­ goals. I urge you, too, to get into politics, tions and court action, he is being forcc-:1 to not only as lobbyists but as candidates for Wednesday, July 25, 1973 b~ck down on some of these program cuts. political office. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the But let us not get over-optimistic. Con~ess I know you understand the significance certainly looks good in comparison to the of Watergate and that you will join with Latin American Studies Association, in President, but the Republican-Democratic others in fighting for a society in which this December 1971, expressed its concern bloc is still operating. Just recently in the abuse of power will no longer be allowed. over the political situation in Guatemala House I saw the;' groups get together to It is too early to know what will be the by establishing an ad hoc committee on gut the program of legal services for the final fate of the Nixon Administtation and Guatemala which it directed to report poor. the man who leads it. Some of us have been fully on the violence, terror and repres­ You can get legal help, but if the House urging that the House of Representatives sion in the country and on American version passes, the Legal Services Corpora­ fulfill its constitutional responsibility by if tion will be supervised completely by Nixon starting an inquiry to decide whether there support, any, for these activities. The appointees, you won't be able to 6et a lawyer are grounds for impeaching the President ad hoc committee submitted a report to help you in an abortion case or if your and charging him with "high crimes and in May 1973, extracts of which are re­ sons or brothers or husbands are having a misdemeanors." I have urged such a course, printed below. dispute with Selective Service or if you're and will con"Hnue to do so. The United States bears a special re­ involved in a rent strike or welfare rights I do not know whether Mr. Nixon will be sponsibility for events today in Guate­ community action or any other action that impeached and brought to trial. I do know mala because, in the middle of the cold lets you use your strength as a group inste-d that he has said he is willing to accept war, we supported an invasion against of as weak, separate individuals. the responsibility for the misdeeds of some Last year, as you know, Congress put a of his associates. He has said so, but he has the legal Government of the country. We $2.5 billion ceiling on social service programs yet to demonstrate it. I have an interim judged that Government, undoubtedly for child care, aid to the elderly, the handi­ suggestion. I propose that Mr. Nixon do pen­ with accuracy, as opposed to American capped, and others in need. That wasn't low ace for Watergate by trying to support his business interests in Guatemala. It was enough for the Nixon Administration, and so family on a modest income of $6,500 a year also a Government marked, in our 1954 the HEW Secretary, Caspar Weinberger, came an income that millions of Americans have judgment with distinctive, deepening, up with a new set of regulations that would yet to reach. I think he'd learn a lot, and and dangerous leftist tendencies. have cut spending even more, down to about who knows, he might stop being afraid to Twenty years of guerrilla revolution $1.7 billions. look out of the window at the people because We organized a coalition of child care then he would be one of them. and counterrevolution have followed. groups, women's groups, welfare and social Today the country is in a relatively qui­ service groups, and so far we have managed escent period but no one believes that to stop those new regulations from going the deep social problems of the country into effect. We've won a four-month delay PUERTO RICO have been solved. The United States has from Congress, but remember, we're just try­ maintained a continued, and often, du­ ing to hold on to the little that was available bious involvement in Guatemala since for those in need. What we really need is HON. MARIO BIAGGI 1954 but too often we have appeared to an expansion of social services. What we OF NEW YORK support a primacy of property rights really need is an expanded system of child care cente:-.:, such as I have proposed in my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over human and social values. The LASA Committee report describes Child Care and Development Act. Wednesday, July 25, 1973 Mr. Nixon C.oesn't approve of child care a tragedy of inter-American relations. centers in which children from all walks of Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today we It also recounts an era of terror and life learn together and play together. He celebrate the 21st anniversary of Puerto counterterror which has weakened a only wants child care centers as ~umping Rico's attainment of Commonwealth tragically weak country even further. erounds for the children of welfare mothers status within the United States. This I would hope that the lessons of so that they can be forced to work out their 21-year period has been filled with re- Guatemala, which are similar if not yet 26032 EXTENSIONS OF RE~1ARKS July 25, 1973 as extreme as those of Vietnam, will di­ wing revolutionaries, fifteen murders are sitaria de Guatemala,'' in February, 1971, and rect our country's attention in construc­ committed by right.-wing fanatics." In addi­ "Guatemala: la Universidad Amenazada," in tive ways to the true problems of Latin tion to operating freely, with no visible at­ Octo-ber, 1971. tempt by the government to control them. America which concern social justice THE ROLE OF THE "UNITED STATES these rightist groups are generally known to and how the United States can make a have their base in the officlal military and This situation is of special concern to North contribution to its achievement. police forces. The only major action under­ Americans because of the role of the United I include the following: taken by the leftist guerrillas during 1971 states. Although U.S. involvement In Guate­ ExTRACTS OF' AD Hoc COMMITTEE. ON was the August kidnapping of Robe-rt Alejos, mala dates back to the mid-19th century, it GUATEMALA a large landowner and banker, a close as­ assumed major proportions at the turn of the century, coinciding with the generally expan­ The charge of the Ad-Hoc Committee on sociate of ex-President Ydigoras ( 1958-1963). and a key figure in planning the 1961 Bay of sionist U.S. foreign policy under Presidents Guatemala was to carry out. the investiga­ McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. More re­ tion described in the resolution, "On Terror Pigs invasion of Cuba; Alejos was released unharmed, five months later. cently, U.S. involvement in Guatemala be­ in Guatemala," passed at the December.l971, came more direct and increased dramatically business meeting of LASA. The text of the The contexte for this situation of rightist violence was a year-long state of siege impos­ in 1954, after the U.S.-engineered overthrow resOlution is as follows: of the Arbenz government; it has remained •'"Whereas the state of semi-official and ed by the Arana government, suspending an constitutional guarantees and prohibiting all on a high level to the present (see chrono­ official rightist terror in Guatemala has logy). reached unprecedented proportions; and political activities. (As chief of the 1966-1968 "Whereas the brunt of this terror has fal­ counterinsurgency campaign in Izabal and U.S. complicity in the semi-official and of­ len heavily on university professors and stu­ Zacapa provinces. Arana had gamed an in­ ficial rightist terror of 1971 took several dents; and ternational reputation for his brutal tactics fDrms. Most important was U.S. military and ..Whereas, moreover, the Arana reglme has for enforcing "law and order.") In general. police assistance. The full extent of U.S. ex­ implicitly and explicitly threatened the the victims of this violence-although it was penditures on training and equipping the autonomy of the national university of San committed in the name of "counterinsur­ Guatemalan military and police is impossible Carlos; and gency'' against revolutionary guerillas--were to determine without access to classified in­ "Whereas this continual violation of hu­ moderate leaders of the political opposition, formation. Even according to conservative of­ man rights in Guatemala has been con­ progressive intellectuals, students, profes­ ficial figures, the U.S. spent $4.2 million in demned before the O.A.S.; and sionals, and even a few businessmen as well public safety assistance from the late 1950's "Whereas it is impossible to ignore the as uncounted numbers of peasants and through 1971, and an ave?age of $1.5 million complicity of the U.S. in this repression. workers. (but up to $3 million) a year in military through its support of the Arana regime. and A priine target during this period was the assistance, not counting arms sales. The fact most particularly through its police and mili­ :National University of San carlos. One indi­ that these figures bide the full amount of tary assistance programs; cation that much of the terror was directed U.S. assistance came out in a House Foreign "Therefore. be it resolved that, as the prin­ against university professors and students is Affairs Committee hearing, in response to a cipal organization of U.S. academics con­ that Ojo por Ojo is acknowledged to be question about military assistance to Guate­ cerned with Latin America, LASA condemns "mainly active in the University of San Car­ mala: this situation in Guatemala; los." A number of students and student lead­ "In the past Guatemala has received $17 .. And that LASA hereby instructs its Gov­ ers were openly assassinated or "disap­ million since 195E> in grant aid from the ernment Relations Committee to further in­ peared," never to be seen again. In late 1970 United States . . . In supporting assistance vestigate this situation and to keep its mem­ and 1971, prominent professors Julio Carney Guatemala has received $34 million since bers informed; Herrera, Adolfo Mijangos, and Juan Manuel 1950, and is scheduled for $59,000 for fiscal "And that LASA calls for a full investiga­ Cordero Quezada were assassinated outright. year 1971." tion of this situation, through public hear­ (Many of the victims were progressives who In fiscal year 1970, Guatemala received ings by the relevant U.S. Senate and House had part.icipated in the pre-1954 governments $1,129,000 in public safety funds, the highest Committees. These hearings should be open. of Arevalo and Arbenz--see chronology.) In of any Latin American country. In fiscal year should include nongovernment witnesses. addition to these killings, numerous univer­ 19'Zl. Guatemala received the third highest and should place special emphasis on the role sity students and professors, and even the amount, and in fiscal year 1972. the second o! the U.S. in Gua.temala since 1954; University treasurer. were arrested and held highest. A new police academy was con­ .. And that LASA calls for a cut-off of all in prison for days or weeks. other University structed in 19-70-72 with $410,000 o! AID U.S. military aid and police assistance to officials were kidnapped by rightist groups. funds; an additional $378,000 a year approxi­ Guatemala." and the Rector of the University of San mately has gone for police vehicles and Oja equipment. AID-donated paddy wagons bave THE srrtrATION :IN 1971 Carlos :received threats on his life from por Ojo. been used to patrol the streets constantly, There is no doubt that 1971 was Guate­ ln addition to these acts directed against providing a psychological deterrent to crime mala's worst year in recent history, in terms professors and students, the University it­ and to all political activity. U.S. advisers of semi-official and official rightist terror. Ac­ self bas been threatened. On November -27, train Guatemalan soldiers and police, and cording to the Guatemalan daily newspaper, 19'71, in a clear violation of the University's provide them with ariUS, communications El Grafico, during 1971, under the govern­ traditional autonomy, the University of Sa.n equipment, etc. The ratio of U.S. military ment of Col. Carlos Arana. Oso:rio, there were Carlos campus was occupied by the army, us­ advisers to local army forces has been higher 959 political assassinations. 171 kidnapp~ ing 800 soldiers, several tanks, helicopters. for Guatemala than for any other Latin and 194 "disappearances." (A ..disapparance•~ armored cars. and other military equipment. American country. in Guatemala is generally equivalent to a The objective of this raid was to search :for U .S. officials have consistently denied any death; most- of those who disappear are found "subversive!' literature and arms; but a direct role in ''pacifying" Guatemala, Never­ dead, weeks or montlls later, their bodies :room-by-room search revealed nothing. Then. theless, according to one 1971 Washington often bearing marks of torture.) Articles in following a .January. 1971, statement by the Post report, U.S. newspapers estimated that a total of University governing council. protestmg the "Twenty-five U.S. military men and seven 2(}()() had been assassinated from Novexnber. state of siege and the violence. the govern­ former U.S. polieemen, carrying sidearms, 1970. to May, 1971, incdluding 500 during ment continued its attack on the University and accompanied by Guatemalan b-ody­ May alone. The above are conservative fig­ by proposing that it submit its budget to the guards. are known to live and work in ures, since they cover only those cases re­ executive branch of the government for ap­ Guatemala. Most of th2se men are Vietnam ported in the newspapers. proval, rather than to the University's own veterans. The number of other Americans It is no less clear that most of the inci­ governing council, if carried out, this meas­ who may be involved in covert work witb the dents or political violence were committed by ure would have completely ended university lo~. military is not known. . . . Military the Right. According to the Annual of Power autonomy. llllSS!on members assist the Guatemalan air and. Conflict, 19'11, published by London•s When the 12,000 students of the Univer­ force in flylng and maintaining its 45 air-­ Institute fo:r the Study of Conflict, which sity of San Carlos went on general strike in planes. and :-.dvise the umy on administra­ generally emphasizes Communist political October, 1971, to protest the violence against tion, int:Jlligence. logistics, operations, a:ud its violence, students and professors and to demand an clvic act-ion program.." ..By the end o~ March (January-March, end to the state of seige, the government re­ A Senate Foreign Relations Committee 1971}, political killings totalled over 700. but sponded with a warning that it would for­ staff study of 1971 reported that U.S. public many more people were believed to have dis­ bid any public demonstrations at the Uni­ safety advisers were accompanying Gtlate­ appeared without- trace. Most of the klllingg versity, and a hint or military intervention xnala.n police on anti-hippie patrols. These have been <ribuwd to ofliclally supported and termination of the University's auton­ reports follow those o:f several years aao right-wing terrorist ~tions, o;o por omy. The continual threat to the University regarding the active role of U.S. Green Ber;t~ Ojo ("An Eye for an Eye") and Ma1to Blanca of San Carlos led the prestigious GSUCA (the in the Izabal-Zaca.pa counterinsurgency cam­ ("White. Hand"). governing council of the five Cent:ra.l Amer­ paign (see chronology}. Although u.s. The predominance of rightist terror was ican national univezsities}, in its monthly oflicfais insist that their programs are de­ also confirmed by Le Monde Weekly; "For­ publication, Jo71Wiio.. to publish two sup­ signed to "modernize" and "pxofessionalize" eign diplomats in Guatemala City believe plements documenting the situation: "No the polica and military. nevertheless. the that !or every political assassination by left- Muere Ia Intelligencia: la Sltuaci6n Univer- U.S. has not withheld its assistance from July 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26033 Guatemalan security forces which are known napped, acknowledged his role and that of 1931-1944: Dictatorship of Gen. Jorge Ubi­ to serve as a base of operations for the other police in the arrest and imprisonment co--a.bsolute tyranny: no civil liberties, la­ rightist terrorist groups. Some allege and of the PGT leaders; subsequently the same bor unions prohibited-Indians, constituting claim to have documentation that "the U.S. detective said that the vict:ms had been ar­ two third of the total population, subject to military advisory team in Guatemala urged rested, tortured, and thrown into the Pacific forced labor on the roads, and to military the formation of these (rightist) -groups." In Ocean. Since the eight have not been ~ound conscription-high illiteracy and no rural evaluating U.S. aid programs to Guatemala, or heard from since September, it is generally schools--national economy based on coffee the Senate Foreign Relations Committee assumed that they were killed. Nearly all and bananas--large coffee plantations in the study concluded: observers within Guatemala and internation­ hands of a few wealthy Guatemalans and "The argument in favor of the public ally, includ!.ng Amnesty International, hold Germans--economic, social, and political in­ safety program in Guatemala is that if we the government responsible. fi.uence of the United Fruit Co., through i~ s don't teach the cops to be good, who will? The violence continued into 1973, with a banana operations, its control of the In­ The argument against is that after 14 years, new wave of kidnappings of peasants and ternational Railways of Central America and on all evidence, the teaching hasn't been other actions attributed to rightist para-mili­ Puerto Barrios, and support from the U.S. absorbed. Furthermore, the U.S. is politically tary organiZations, especially in the country­ Embassy--German coffee plantations had identified with police terrorism. Related to side. The newest of these organizations is been confiscated by Ubico. under pressure all this is the fact that the Guatemalan ·called "Buitre Justiciero"-"the Justice-giv­ from U.S.-military use of Guatemala by U.S. police operate without any effective political ing Falcon". during World War n. or judicial restraints, and how they use the CONCLUSION 1944-1954: Guatemalan Revolution: Ubico equipment and techniques which are given To put this situation in perspective, we forced to resign in June, 1944, in response to them through the public safety program is conclude with a few words about the general middle-class frustrations at the lack of polit­ quite beyond U.S. control. ... On balance, political situation in Guatemala, specifically, ical freedom and -economic opportunity-Ubi­ it seems that AID public safety has cost the the institutionalization of the repression. co's fall triggered by impending victory of United States more in political terms than it One measure of the degree to which political the A111es in World War II, and the fall of has gained in improved Guatemalan police violence and repression has become a system Dictator Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez efficiency.•.. As is the case with AID public or way of life is that during the nine years in neighboring El Salvador-provisional pres­ safety, the military asistance program carries from 1963 through 1971 (108 months), Gua­ ident Gen. Federico Ponce ousted on October a political price. It may be questioned temala spent 48 months, or nearly half, under 20. 1944, by coalition of students, profession­ whether we're getting our money's worth.'' state of siege. A state of siege has always als, workers, and young army officers-free el~ction won by Juan Jose Arevalo (1945-51), THE SITUATION IN 1972 meant the abrogation of. constitutions.! guar­ antees and political rights, the prohibition of With 85% of the votes-widespread demo­ In summing up the situation in Guatemala regular political activity even by legal parties, cratic reforms: "universal" suffrage for all in 1972, one of the members of this Ad Hoc and strict censorship of the press and radio. men and all literate women, right to or­ Committee, who visited the country three Verbal and written protests against this sit­ ganize political parties, labor legislation, times in 1972, wrote: uation have been silenced; in October. 1971, school and hospital construction, campaign "I am convinced that the situation in against illiteracy, regulation of foreign in­ Guatemala., despite the placid exterior, is a for example, the Episcopal Bishop in Guate­ mala, a U.S. citizen, Rt. Rev. William Frey, vestments-27 aborted military coups--hos­ dark one. The Arana government has em­ was expelled from the country, after signing tility of U.S. toward reforms, especially those ployed a varitty of tactics to get rid of its affecting United Fruit Co.-u.s. Ambassador opposition. The yea.... 1971 was by all accounts a statement that deplored the violence and called for an end to the state of siege. The Richard C. Patterson declared persona non the bloodiest in Guatemala's recent his­ grata for meddling in Guatemala's internal tory. . .. The year 1972 was in comparison 1970-71 state of siege carried with it a strict curfew for the first three months, under aJiairs--moderate presidential candidate, a much more peaceful year; yet the govern­ Francisco Arana, assassinated in 1948--elec­ ment effort to get rid of opponents continued which some curfew violators were shot in the streets and thousands more arrested. tion of Col. Jacobo Arbenz in 1950 ( !951- with much of the effort in the han

company to clean up the air po~lution from mill ~nalysis, the report .stated, "indicates Accepting as accurate the estimate of the the power plant supplying energy for its huge that there is no steel mill operated by a ma­ federal government's Council on Environ­ ferroalloy furnaces. jor steel producer which will be closed in mental Quality that pollution control Sulfur dioxide pollution, the government the next few years solely because pollution measures still needed will cost the industry said, must be reduced by 40 per cent by Oct. control costs have rendered it unprofitable.'' about $2.8 billion, the CEP study stated that 20 of that year and by 70 per cent no later It did find, however, that the lifespans of the companies could meet the cost of com­ than April of 1972. Deadlines of September, a few marginal plants might be shortened by pliance with price increases of about 1.1 1971, and March, 1973 were establishe.d to the necessity of meeting pollution standards. per cent per year over a five-year period­ cut :tly ash pollution by 25 per cent and 50 Listed were an Armco plant in Hamilton, an amount, it said, which would boost the percent. Ohio, a Republic mill in Youngstown, Ohio, cost of a large car by only about $5. "One of the most signi:tlcant develop­ and U.S. Steel properties in Youngstown, On May 10, U.S. Steel set off a round of ments ••. in the last half decade has been in Provo, Utah, and in Duluth, Minn.-some price increases in the industry with its an­ the increased awareness and concern of work­ of which already have been partially phased nouncement of boosts averaging 4.8 per cent ing people about the quality of air and out. on sheet and strip products, which account water," states the "Focus" article, adding, The Council, which found vast differences for some 40 per cent of the industry's ship­ however, that it is wh~n anti-pollution laws in the degree of pollution control at the 47 ments. Slated to go into effect in mid-June, are implemented that "the squeeze" begins properties surveyed, noted that anti-pollu­ the price hikes were cancelled in the wake of to be applied. tion lawsuits or enforcement actions by gov­ the new Nixon 60-day price freeze, an­ on Jan. 11, 1971, Union Carbide declared ernment agencies are pending against 40 nounced just prior to that time. the deadlines were unrealistic. If the gov­ of them. The industry, which estimates that · it ernment insisted they be met, the company STEEL INDUSTRY, Am, WATER POLLUTION spent $201.8 m1llion on environmental con­ said, some operations would have to be shut "NEGLIGmLE TO DEVASTATING" IN IMPACT trol in 1972, criticized as being too low the . down, laying off 625 workers. "Shock waves CEP estimate of price hikes needed to cover of the announcement," said "Focus," began National Steel Corporation was cited as future pollution control costs. One steel­ in Marietta and traveled east and west to the ·worst pol!uter of the air; Republic, as maker said its own estimate would be about both coasts." the worst water polluter. At the same time, double that of the Council. The CEP study ' Ralph Nader called the company state­ U.S. Steel, was described as "far and away did concede that the industry "might have ment "unnecessary, unjustified, and un­ the ·largest gross air polluter" and its Gary cause to worry about its financial position" conscionable." Congressmen attacked it as (Ind.) Works as the worst air polluting mill in the light of its low profitability in recent "economic and environmental blackmail." in the study, spewing out 22,000 pounds of years. Last year, however, was a much bet­ Sen. Edmund Muskie ordered a Senaj;e inves­ emissions an hour, which are responsible for ter year than 1971 for steel. A USWA Research tigation. Just as importantly, in spite of 40 per cent of the city's soot and dust pollu­ Department compilation qJ net profits for some feeling that perhaps the company was tion. U.S. Steel, of course, is the country's 23 major producers showed a gain of 37.4 right ... maybe the standards were too largest steel producer. per cent-from $521.1 million in 1971 to rigid, the unions held firm. Compared on more than a score of specific $715.9 million in 1972. "One union president in the plant," ac­ pollutants, the seven companies were rated While President John P. Roche of the cording to "Focus," said several approaches as follows in terms of particulate emissions American Iron and Steel Institute has stated were made asking him to appeal to govern­ per ton of steel produced: Armco, 4.2 lbs.; that the industry "is moving as rapidly as mental agencies for an extension of the Bethlehem, 6.6 lbs.; Inland, 6.7 lbs.; P..epub­ possible to meet its environmental quality deadlines. 'We called a meeting of the mem­ llc, 8.2 lbs.; J&L, 8.9 lbs.; U.S Steel, 10.8 lbs.; goals, deSP.i1;e the enormous financial burden bers and laid it on the line for them,' said and National, 21.9 lbs. that the task imposes," lengthy legal battles the local president. 'He had a vote that Much of Armco's capacity, making extensive brought by · government agencies and other night and it was overwhelmingly in support use of electric furnaces, is either new or re­ groups oft~n seem to have been necessary to of the local union to keep insisting the com­ cently rehabilitated. Its small Sand Springs, produce company action. pany accept its responsibility to clean up the Okla., plant, which emits a total of 25 pounds The city of Gary, for example, has long · air, layoffs or not.'" of soot an hour...;_less than one per cent of -pressed for pollution control by U.S. Steel, "It's been over two years since that con­ the area's pollution-was cited as an exam­ which has claimed a lack· of technology nee- . troversy surfaced," the article said, noting ple of cleanup possibilities. The company . essary to meet certain government deadlines. that no job layoffs occurred. Instead, the also was praised for extensive water recycling Over a year ago, a Superior Court judge ·company reports that it spent more than at some plants, although it was criticized for sternly rebuked the company and, on April $15 million on air pollution control equip­ · such things as oil discharges at others. 18, 1973, the Environmental Protection ment in recent . years. It also began buying Besides U.S. Steel's Gary Works, the CEP · Agency issued the Gary Works and the ·uni­ · more low-sulfur coal for its power plant gen­ study lists National Steel's Weirton (W.Va.) versal Atlas Cement Division a notice of erators. Company charts sh9w that fly ash · Works and U.S. Steel's plants in Birmingham, violation, citing "21 different sources emit­ emissions have been reduced more than 90 Ala., and Clairton, Pa., among the "most air­ ting over 70,000 tons per year of particulate per cent since 1970 and that sulfur dioxide polluting m111s.'' The Clairton ·Works was matter." The company also was recently discharges are down almost 40 per cent. called "the second largest sulfur dioxide pol­ charged by an Allegheny County judge with Although the company is still spending luter in the study," topped only by National. dragging its feet in cleaning up the Clairton large amounts of money for a continuing "No major steel producer emerged with an Coke Works, failing to llve up to a consent pollution control program, the plant man- overall good record in water pollution con­ order it had agreed to almost a year ago. . ager said that the Marietta facility is once trol," the research group stated, noting that The CEP study, which says that "com­ again operating at a profit. The crisis Republic's "distinctively poor water pollu­ mercially available technology could elimi­ "brought about an increased awareness in tion record" resulted largely from its " abys­ nate better than 90 per cent or the air and this plant by both management and wqrkers. mal water pollution controls" at four mills water pollution" coming from steel mills, . And this increased awareness has resulted in northeastern Ohio--in Canton, Massillon, notes that the industry also faces several ma­ in more efficient operations here," he said, Warren, and Youngstown. jor solid waste problems, including those as­ calling the current job outlook "at its high­ Also listed among the worst water-pol­ sociated with slag dumping and the disposal est level.'' luting plants were those of Bethlehem Steel of taconite tailings. The industry has made "Now," concludes the "Focus" article, at Johnstown, Pa., and J&L at Aliquippa, only "token" efforts to encourage the re­ "other polluters along the Ohio River-and Pa. The report found Bethlehem's Sparrows cycling of the metals it produces, it adds. throughout Ohio and the nation-should Point, Md. plant "a very heavy polluter, the JAMESTOWN: UNION TO SORT FACT, FICTION IN get down to a serious approach towards end­ · worst in the study for arsenic (324 pounds .a MOST RECENT JOB SCARE ing pollution. Then we'll all be able to day) and cyanide (5,469 pounds a day).'' The breathe a little easier!" poisons have killed fish a mile out into JOHNSTOWN, PA.-Bethlehem Steel Corp.'s The American steel industry "lags far be­ Chesapeake Bay, the report notes. The CEP announced plans to replace its existing pri­ hind what is legally required and tech­ found that 11 plants, on the other hand, mary steelmaking facilities here with a new nologically feasible" in controlling air and including seven of U.S. Steel's, discharge electric furnace shop, which project a grad­ water pollution from its mills, the environ­ water freer of suspended solids than the ual reduction in employment from 11,800 to mental impact of which ranges from "neg­ water taken ·in. 7,100 workers, will be thoroughly investigated ligible to devastating," concludes a recent While spokesmen for the industry ad­ . by a Steering Committee of USWA local union presidents, under the direction of Dis­ study by the Council on Economic Priorities, mitted that the CEP report was impressive a New York-based group which describes in its comprehensiveness, they complained trict 15 Director Joseph Odorcich. Liaison that some of the data was outdated and not with the Congress, state legislature, and key itself as "a non-profit organl.z.ation dedicated government agencies also will be established to analyzing the performance of U.S. cor­ refiectlve of recent or pending pollution con­ trol improvements. The Council, which began early in the union's campaign to minimize porations." The study found that "steel has its study in February, 1972, noted that steel or prevent job loss. only begun to make a dent on its environ­ was the only one of several industries studied Similar scares have been occurring at the mental problems.'' which refused to cooperate in providing in­ Johnstown Works, according to some union­ The 521-page report, released on May 21, formation. After being turned down by all ists, "for as long as any of us can remember." covers 47 major plants of seven of the na­ the companies in its original request for data, The union sees the need, therefore, of delving tion's largest steelmakers--U.S. Steel, the CEP turned to statistics from various deeply into the facts of the situation before Bethlehem, Republic National, Jones & government agencies and other published taking action, so as to be able to deal most Laughlin, Armco, and Inland. This mill-by- studies in compiling its report. effectively with the problem. July 2·5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26043 The June 13 Bethlehem announcement, re­ ingly concerned about the so-called With controversial decisions, the Supreme leased to the news media prior to a meeting urban sprawl, the turning of farmland Court in this recent term moved generally, of local management with USWA local union and woodlands into concrete pastures, but not invariably, toward a more conserva­ officials and staffmen·, call for the electric tive posture. The often divided Court set a the devastation of natural resources, the course of "judicial conservatiSm," supported furnace shop to be operational by 1977, with mad congestion, the pollution. 4,700 jobs a _ the pla~t being phased out be­ consistently by President· Nixon's four ap­ tween the latter part of 1974 and that time. As Americans become more affluent pointees to the Court (Burger, Blackmun, The company projects an eventual declii.1.e of they seek more room for themselves, they Powell, and Rehnquist) who voted together o •er 56 per cent in ingot capacity at the want better houses, they want peace and on 70 percent of the cases heard. Justices Johnstown facility, with the gradual phase qW,et, they want safety and tranquillity. Marshall, Douglas and Brennan, who also out of three blast furnaces, eight open They move outside the city, engage in voted together 70 percent of the time, but hearths, three coke batteries, one two­ a daily rat race of commuting, live on often as dissenters, were the "liberal activ­ strand sinter plant, the plate mills, some of small unshaded lots with little or no pri­ ists" of the Court. The swing Justices (Pot:. the bar facilities, and a portion of the rod ter and White) in the center voted most of operation. vacy from their next door :J.eighbors. the time with the Nixon appointees. While Bethlehem said that the timing of They con themselves into saying they The Court was reading the election re­ an intensive study of the Johnstown plant are happy; that they have found the an­ turns, but, as with the abortion decision, it and the decision to close down certain op­ swer; that their investment was a wise could be unpredictably independent. The erations were determined by pollution con­ one. Court often struck a theme of national unity, trol requirements, it declared that "the study Much of this could be avoided if de­ as in its insistence on one rule of law for would have been undertaken in any event velopers made an effort to preserve wood­ both North arid South in school desegr~ and the general conclusions, except for the gation. but its obscenity decision was a lands, wildlife, trees; if subdivisions were triumph for states' rights. A vast ideological timing, would have been similar because of planned with more than the profit mar­ o ther considerations." gap between Justice Douglas on the left and "Even if Bethlehem equipped all existing gin in mind. Justice Rehnquist on the right splits the plant production facilities with pollution In my dist1ict in New Jersey, a new Court. · control devices capable of meeting existing community is sprouting in the south OBSCENITY and proposed environmental standards," the Jersey pinelands where it will be more By a 5-4 decision the Supreme Court re.­ company said, "there still would be problems convenient to walk or ride a bike to the wrote the definition of obscenity. Previously, of market opportunities, transportation, store, or the doctQr's office, than to drive. material could be obscene only if: 1) its higher product quality requirements, and There will be lakes, wild flowers, birds, dominant theme considered as a whole ap­ age, location and._physical layout of the plant outdoor recreation. A biologist marks pealed to prurient interests; 2) it was pat­ which would affect its future character." ently offensive because it went beyond com­ The bulk of· the Johnstown workers, at wild plants and they are saved from the munity standards, which were national, not five divisions of the Bethlehem plant, are bulldozer's path, moved to another loca­ local or state standards; and 3) was utterly represented by USWA Locals 2635, 2632, 2644, tion where they will be enjoyed. without redeeming social value. By the new 2633, and 26311.:. Locals 2734 and 3176 repre­ Every home and apartment building ruling, the definition of obscenity covers sent workers operating and servicing Bethle­ will touch the community's "environ­ any work "which appeals to the prurient hem railroads, and the company's Coal Mines mental commons," and more than 650 interest in sex, which portrays sexual con­ Accounting Department Office is under con­ acres of the 2,500 acres involved will be duct in a patently offensive way, and which, tract with USWA Local 7400. Johnstown op­ open ground, to preserve the natural re­ taken as a whole, does not have serious erations of the Standard Slag Co., whose em­ literary, artistic, political, or scientific value." ployes are members of USWA Local 4280, also sources and basic geology of the virgin No longer must a work be "utterly without could be affected by a large-scale cutback at land. Iedeeming social value." Bethlehem, believes Subdistrict Director An­ The new community, to be known as Juries applying this law will base their de­ drew Koban. Kings Grant is already under construc­ cisions on what is offensive by the local com·­ The Steering Committee of local union tion. I have visited there, and I have munity viewpoint, a move which is likely to representatives will attempt to sort out fact been impressed with the care being taken promote widely cliffering decisions in differ­ from fiction in the controversy, as a basis ent parts of the country. The decision, which to prevent the rape of this beautiful area will almost certainly produce much new liti­ for appropriate action. Some workers see the simply for profit. company statement as a ploy to try to stimu­ gation, will permit states to restrict pornog­ late increased production, reported Mr. Ko­ King's Grant takes its name from the raphy to a greater degree. ban, while others believe Bethlehem's pres­ fact that King James n of England made ABORTION ent problems are due to its failure to update the grants to insure English settlement The Court struck down anti-abortion laws equipment over the years. Already, a few almost 300 years ago and ownership of in 46 states by ruling, 7-2, that a woman may state officials have called for further delay in the tracts have come down directly over have her pregnancy medically terminated implementation of air quality standards, al­ the years. without restriction during the first 13 weeks though Bethlehem earlier was given a two­ Bill Seltzer, president of the firm and under state health ·regulations for the year extension and despite company cost which is creating King's Grant, should next 16 weeks. Only during the final 10 estimates which indicate that pollution con­ weeks, when the fetus is judged capable of trol was not the overriding factor in its be commended for the imagination, surviving if born, may state laws prohibit decision. thought and care that is going into this abortion. · Praising the "excellent reputation of the new community. The Justices rejected the view that the area's work force," Bethlehem has pledged .!etu.s becomes a person upon conception and cooperation with the community in finding thereafter enjoys "the right to live,'~ and .substitute job opportunities and ..has in­ THE SUPREME COURT held instead that a pregnant woman has a structed its industrial development person­ constitutional right of privacy that extends nel to seek out companies which might be HON. LEE H. HAMILTON to the termination of a pregnancy. persuaded to establish manufacturing facili­ PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF INDIANA ties here." The Court by a 6-3 decision struck down In probing the current situation, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES USWA committee undoubtedly will main­ state laws designed to provide direct and in­ Wednesday, July 25, 1973 direct financial assistance to private and tain a healthy skepticism. However, pledged parochial schools. The Court invalidated tax to work with those parties and in those Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I insert credits and reimbursements o..f a share of directions offering workers the best prospects my July 25, 1973, Washington Report en­ the tuition for parents and direct mainte­ for brightening a seemingly bleak picture, titled "The Supreme Court," in the nance payments to private and parochial it will act on its most accurate reading of RECORD, as follows: schools. The Court, in holding that such laws the facts in the case. THE SUPREME COURT violated the constitutional barriers between church and state, reversed a 25-year trend Not all the important news from Washing­ which has allowed limited assistance like HOUSING NEEDN'T DESTROY ton comes from the President or the Con­ bus service and secular textbooks for paro­ ENVIRONMENT gress. Indeed, several recent and landmark chial students. The result of this decision is decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court have more impact on our daily lives than many to preclude the furnishing of any significant HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE Presidential and Cdngressiona.l actions. amount of government assistance to paro­ In the history of the Nation only 100 men chial schools. OF NEW JERSEY have sat on the Supreme Court, but these In other important decisions, the Supreme IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Justices, as these decisions remind us, in­ Court upheld better school systems for richer Wednesday, July 25, 1973 fiuence the pattern of our lives in impor­ communities, decided a number of c~es tant ways. Presidents are aware that ap­ which reflect a pattern in favor of stricter Mr. FORSYTHE. ,Mr. Speaker.. like pointments to the Supreme Court are among law enforcement, and strongly protected the many Americans I am becoming increas- their most important actions. environment.