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Ağızlar (Gölköy-Ordu) Karşun-Çinko Zuhurunun Jeolojisi

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Ağızlar (Gölköy-Ordu) Karşun-Çinko Zuhurunun Jeolojisi Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, c. 18, 139 - 142, Af ustos 1975 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey, v. 18, 139 - 142, August 1975 Ağızlar (Gölköy-Ordu) karşun-çinko zuhurunun jeolojisi Geology of Ağtzlar (Gölköy-Ordu) lead-zmc occurrence AYHAN ERLER Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara ÖZ: Ordu ili Gölköy ilçesi Ağızlar köyündeki kurşun-çinko zuhuru değişmiş biyotit andeziti kesen damarlar halinde- dir. Bölgenin jeolojik incelenmesi sonucunda yaşlan Üst Kretase'den Tersiyer'e kadar değişen beş kayaç birimi ayrılmış- tır. Bunlar, yaşlıdan gence doğru, piroksen andezit, .biyotit andezit, kireçtaşı, andezit ve bazaltik dayklardır. Bölgenin karakteristik yapısal elemanları normal atımlı faylardır. Ağızlar kurşun-çinko zuhurundaki önemli cevher mineralleri sfalerit ve galen, gang mineralleri kuvars ve pirittir. Bölgedeki damarlar içlerindeki minerallere göre pirit damarları ve piritli kurşun-çinko damarları olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Üç adet pirit daman ve yedi adet piritli kurşun-çinko damarı bulunmuştur. Damarların çevresindeki yan kayaçlar değişen etkenlikte 400 m'ye kadar genişleyen zonlar halinde değiş- meye uğramışlardır. Değişme zonları, içte serisitleşme, dışta killeşme, ve en dışta, yerel olarak propilitleşmedir. ABSTRACT: The lead-zinc occurrence in Ağızlar village of Gölköy township of Ordu province is a group of veins that cut through altered biotite andesite. Five rock units whoseages ranging from Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary were dif- ferentiated by geologic investigation of the area. These are, from oldest to youngest, pyroxene andesite, biotite andesite, limestone, andesite, and basaltic dikes. Characteristic structural elements of the area are normal faults. Important ore minerals in the Ağızlar lead-zinc occurrence are sphalerite and galena; gangue minerals are quartz and pyrite. According to their mineral content, two types of veins are distinguished in the area: pyrite veins and pyritic lead-zinc veins. Three pyrite veins and seven pyritic lead-zinc veins are found in the area. Wall rocks surrounding the veins were altered in varying intensity in zones as wide as 400 m. Alteration zones are sericitization as the veinward zone, argillization as the outer zone, and locally, propylitization as the outermost zone. 140 ERLER KAYAÇ BİRİMLERİ Çalışma alanında püskürük kayaç- lar üstün durumdadır. Bölgede ayrılan ve haritaya işlenen beş kayaç birimi, yaşlıdan gence doğru, şunlardır: pirok- sen andezit, biyotit andezit, kireçtaşı, andezit, ve bazaltik dayklar. Birimlerin yaşları Üst Kretase'den Tersiyer'e ka- dar değişmektedir. Piroksen andezit ve biyotit andezit Senoniyen yaşlı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kireçtaşı ve andezit Maestrihtiyen yaşlıdır. Bazaltik dayklar Eosen-sonrası yaşlı olarak kabul edil- miştir (şekil 2). Birimlere verilen yaş- lar bölgesel korelasyona dayanmaktadır. (Bora, E., Erler, A., ve Ildız, T., 1970). o Çalışma alanı Piroksen andezit yeşilimsi gri ile mapped are gri-siyah, porfiritik dokulu bir kayaç- tır. Ojit ve plajyoklas fenokristleri, plajyoklas mikrolitleri ve piroksenlerden oluşmuş mikrokristalin bir hamur içer- sindedir. Kayaç yerel olarak vesiküler yapı gösterir, .boşlukların bazıları kalse- don, kalsit, klorit, ve zeolitle dolmuştur. Biyotit andezit gri, porfiritik dokulu bir kayaçtır. Plajyoklas, biyotit, horn- Şekil 1: Ağızlar kurşun-sinko zuhurunun buldum haritası blend, ve az miktarda kuvars fenokrist- leri, plajyoklas mikrolitlerinden oluş- Figure 1: Index map of the Ağızlar lead-zinc occurrence muş mikrokristalin bir hamur içersinde- dir. Cevherli damarların çevresinde bi- yotit andezit hidrotermal eriyiklerin et- GİRİŞ lenmiştir. Çalışmalar 1968 yılı Temmuz kisi ile değişmeye uğramıştır. ayında başlamış, 1970 yılı Nisan ayın- Kireçtaşı genellikle sarı-kahverengi Ağızlar kurşun-çinko zuhuru, Ordu da tamamlanmıştır. ile gri renkte, kirstalin, masif bir ka- ili Gölköy ilçesine bağlı Ağızlar köyün- yaçtır. Kireçtaşı birimi içinde yersel ola. dedir. Ağızlar köyü, Ordu il merkezi- rak kumlu fosilli kireçtaşı, kumlu kireç- nin 60 km güneybatısında, Gölköy ilçe BÖLGESEL JEOLOJİK KONUM taşı ve kalker hamurlu konglomera kat- merkezinin 10 km kuzeyindedir. Bul- manları da izlenmiştir. Birimde tanım- duru haritası (şekil 1) çalışma alanının lanan fosiller, birimin Maestrihtiyen Çalışma alanı kuzey-doğu Anadolu'- coğrafik konumunu ve sınırlarını gös- yaşlı olduğunu göstermiştir (Bora, E., da Pontidler tektonik kuşağının doğu termektedir. Erler, A., ve Hdız, I., 1970). bölümünde yer alır. Pontidler tektonik Çalışma alanı 1:25,000 ölçekli Gire- kuşağının doğu bölümünün karakteris- Andezit koyu gri-siyah porfiritik tik özelliği Mesozoik ve Senozoik'te tor- dokulu bir kayaçtır. Sekiz mm'ye ka- sun G 39-a3 paftasının güneybatı kesi- mindedir. önce 30 kmS'lik bir alanın tul ve püskürük kayaçların ar.akatkılı dar boyda plajyoklas megafisnokristleri 1:25,000 ölçekte jeolojik haritası yapıl- oluşmasıdır; ,bu oluşum yaklaşık olarak ve ojit fenokristleri, plajyoklas mikro- mış, sonra cevherleşme alanının 1:10,000 Üst Kretase'den Üst Eosen'e kadar litlerinden oluşmuş bir hamur içerisin- ölçekte jeolojik haritası yapılmıştır. Bu sürmüş, Üst Eosen'de bileşimleri granit- dedir. yazıda yalnızca cevherleşme alanının je- ten diyorite kadar değişen intrüzif küt- Bazaltik dayk kuzeybatı-güneydoğu olojisinden ve cevherleşmeden söz edile- leler bu tortul ve püskürük kayaçlar doğrultulu, doğrultu boyunca yaklaşık cektir. karmaşığı içine sokulmuşlardır (Schult- olarak 150 m uzunlukta ve 2.5 m ka- ze-Westrum, 1959). lınlıktadır. Dayk kayacı koyu yeşilimsi Jeolojik haritalama, bölgenin top- gri renkli olup, çok ince plajyoklas ve rak ve bitki örtüsünden dolayı, itinerer Doğu Pontidler, Karpatlardan Kaf- ojit fenokristleri plajyoklas mikrolitle- yöntemi ile yapılmış, iki gözlem arasın- kaslara uzanan bir metallojenik kuşa- rinden oluşmuş bir hamur içersindedir. daki uzaklığın 100 m'den fazla olma- ğın içerisindedir; bu kuşağın belirgin özelliği dasitik-andezitik püskürüklerle masına dikkat edilmiştir. Jeolojik hari- YAPISAL JEOLOJİ talamadan sonra kayaç numunelerinin ve silisik intrüziflerle ilgili pirit-bakır- ince kesitleri ve cevherli numunelerin kurşun-çinko yataklarıdır (Petrascheck, Ağızlar bölgesinin belirgin yapısal parlak kesitleri mikroskop altında ince- 1955; Ramoviç, 1966). elemanları faylardır. Doğrultularına gö- Şekil 2: Ağızlar kurşun-cînko zuhurunun jeolojik haritası Figure 2: Geological Map of the Ağızlar lead-zinc occurrence KURŞUN-ÇÎNKO ZUHURU JEOLOJÎSÎ 141 re, faylar üç grupta toplanabilir. Çok- neral olarak sadece pirit vardır. Piritli Çizelge 2: Piritli kurgun-cinko damarları- luk sırasına göre bunlar ENE-WSW, kuşun-çinko damarlarında, metalik mi- nın kalınlıkları ve kimyasal analiz sonuçları. NW-SB, ve N-S'dir. Bütün faylar nor- neraller arasında pirit üstün durumda- mal atımlı olup, fay düzlemleri olduk- dır. Table 2: The thickness of pyritic lead-zinc ça diktir. veins and the results ol chemical analyses. Pirit damarları pirit, kriptokristalin Kuzeybatı ve kuzeydoğu doğrultulu kuvars ,ve kil minerallerinden oluşur. cevherli damarlar ve kuzeybatı doğrul- Bölgede üç tane pirit daman .bulunmuş- tulu bazaltik dayk, büyük bir olasılıkla tur, bunlar Batak Deresindeki PA ve bir eklem sistemi ve eklem sistemlerine PB damarları, ve Yüce Tepe kuzey ya- bağlı olar.ak oluşmuşlardır. Fakat top- macındaki PC damarıdır. Pirit damarla- rak ve bitki örtüsü eklemlerin gözlemi- rının doğrultuları kuzeybatı ile batı-ku- ni olanaksız kılmıştrr. zeybatı, eğimleri güneybatı ile güney- güneybatıdır. Damarların kalınlıkları ve CEVHER YATAKLARI kimyasal analiz sonuçları çizelgede l'de gösterilmiştir. Ağızlar bölgesinin kurşun-çinko-pi- Sfalerit, damarlardald en bol cev- rit damarları Yüce Tepe - Batak Dere- her mineralidir; rengi kahverengi ile sa. si - Maden Deresi arasında yaklaşık 2 n arasmdadır; galen, pirit ve kalkopi- olarak 1 km 'lik bir alanda toplanmış- ritle ortak büyüme gösterir. Kalkopirit lardır. Damarlar çatlak dolguları olup, tanecikleri sfalerit içinde dağınık olarak yapı, mineraloji ve doku bakımından ta bulunur. Sfalerit kristallerinin semi- mezotermal zonun (Lindgren sınıflama- kantitatif spektrografik analiziyle %1.5 sı) özelliklerini gösterirler. Cevher ve Fe, !%0.5 Cd, % 0.05-0.5 Cu, % 0.05-0.1 gang mineralleri fay veya eklemlerin Sb, Hg, Ag, ve eser miktarlarda As, Mn, boşluklarım doldurmuştur. Damarların Sn, Ge, Ga, in ve Bi bulunmuştur. De- doğrultusu fazla bir değişme göster-^ mir miktarının yüksek olmayışı en bol mez, fakat toprak ve bitki örtüsü da- iz elementin kadmiyum oluşu, cevher- marların izlenmesini zorlaştırır. leşmenin mezotermal olduğunu göster- Ağızlar bölgesindeki damarlar 1923 mektedir. ten önce işletilmiştir. Eski çalışmaların Galen çoğunlukla sfaleritle beraber kalıntıları iki dik kuyu, bir eğimli ku- Piritli kurşun-çinko damarlarında bulunur. Galen içinde az miktarda tet- yu, döküntü yeri, ve cüruflardır; bun- bol miktarda pirit, sfalerit .galen ,az rahedrit tanecikleri vardır. Galen kris- ların hepsi Maden Tepe üzerindedir. kalkopirit ve önemsiz miktarda tetra- tallerinin semikantitatif spektrografik Kuyulardaki ahşap destekler çökmüş hedrit vardır. Kriptokristalin kuvars en analiziyle «&0.05 Te, %0.05-0.1 Ag, durumdadır. Döküntü yerinde değişmiş bol gang mineralidir. Breşleşmiş değiş- ı% 0-0.05 Zn, Cu, ve eser miktarlarda Ni, yan kayaçlar, kuvars, ametist, galen nûş yan kayaç da gang materyeli ola- Sb, Cd, Bi, ve Au bulunmuştur. parçacıkları, sekonder mineraller olarak rak bulunur. Cevher mineralleri birbiri- ta malakit, azurit
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