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1985 – Volume 4 Issue 8 Huwlanttholo gy n ewsl etter Editor: Robert M. Adams il t., I Department of Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475 USA (606) 622-r r05, 622-t 106 VOLUME 4, ISSUE 8 DECEMBER,1985 Published by the International Societyfor Human Ethology Officers of the Society 1986Meeting President Plans for the July, 1986meeting in Tutzing, West Irendus Eibl-Eibesfeldt Germany are proceedingon schedule.A large number of Max-Planck-Institut, D-8 l3 I papers were submitted, and notifications of acceptance Seewiesen.West Germanv have beensent. Details regarding the meeting are available in pre- Secretary vious issues of the Newsletter, or directly from the Gail Zivin Organizing Committee at the addressof the President, Jefferson Medical College above" Philadelphia,PA, USA Treasurer ts*, Herman Dienske Primate Center Membership Renewal Rijswijk, Netherlands If the dateon your mailing labelis earlierthan 1986, Membership Chair it is time to renew your membership. Jay Feierman Report any errors, changesof address,etc. to the Vista Sandia Hospital editor. Albuquerque,NM, USA Human l{ature Revisited Humsn Ethology, (ed by von Cranach, Koppa, Lepenies and Ploog, 1979,Cambridgel. defines a territory as land, bv John Ross water or airspaceowned by a group - not an individual, which will be defended with weapons if necessaryas the (The .follow'ing rs a response by John Ross to E. possessorsof that territory need and use its resources.It Hammerstein's c'omrnents in the previous issue of the seemsto me that what is being;aid is that territory is lr{ew'sletter.This is a continuing reaction to lan Vine's essentialfor the individuals therein to maintain or increase Forum commentery on human nature.) their fitness.This is also the meaning of the word when we discusslions defendinga territory. It is necessaryfor them to I disagreewith the sageswho said,"He who wants to do so to guard their food resources. embracetoo much - holds nothing." I also disagreewith Is my house a territory? Or is it a property?A posses- EliezerHammerstein's resistance to the temptationto add to sion that I do not need to increaseby fitness,but an ite4gf the list of human characteristics(H EN 4I 7:7)that Vine (4I 4) have purchased. I do not believe that these two worffi and I (4/ 6) thought it interestingto consider.If we, who are territory and property, have the same fitness enhancing attempting to study and discuss human ethology, are value and they should be kept separated. In Human unwilling to try to embracetoo much we will neverhave the EthologJ,much of the discussionin the sectionon property understandingthat we so desire. and territoriality seemsto me to discussgoods and privacy Obviously Hammerstein is correct in assertingthat rather than territoriality as displayed by the lions. The human nature cannot be understood through a list, but children in the kibutz are also not like the lions but like the through a hierarchyof interactingtraits. But what are the personin the library who setsoff a spaceas theirs to insure traits that hewants to interact?If we do not write them down their privacy. then we cannot let others know our thoughts.And let us Some time ago the word imprinting wasintroduced to define thesetraits so that we may discussintelligently. the ethological literature and referred to what a young Take the trait of territoriality.Hammerstein writes that precocial bird does to its parents.The next thing I was he hasseen such occur in the kibutz childrenhouses and that readingwas that human mothersimprint on their children Koenig has shown that it is speciestypical. Godelier,in so that theycould savetheir altricialyoung in caseof danger. Continueel on page'2 Page 2 Continued .fiom page I scholars, Reinhold Zippelius ( {"Jniversity Erlangen, To me that was a definitional leap of faith which almost Germany) asked o'Can the Behavioral Sciencesanswer destroyedthe initial use of the word. I believethat terri- questions posed by legal scholars'I" Hagen Hof, toriality falls into the sameproblem area. (VolkswagenstiftungI{annover, Cermany) presentedhis This all leads me to believe that people have a very vier,l,son "[Jnderstandingthe Legislationfor Equal Treat- strong tendencyto gatheras many possessionsas possible, rnent under the Law in Terms of Behavioral Theory." an indication of statuswhich again reflectson an aspectof Michael Lehman(Max Plancklnstitut for Copy Right Law., human nature. But I still find that I fall on the side of the Miinchen, Germany), spoke on "Evolution in Biology, argurnent that says people are a non-territorial species, Economicsand I,aw.'oWolfgang Fikentscher(University of although they certainly do a lot of marking of areasthey Miinchen, and Max Planck Institut for Copy Right Law, wish to call their own, even if it is not directly fitness Mlinchen, Germany) pointed to the relevanceof evolu- enhancing. tionary foundations for legal development and legal Let us keep the discussiongoing, through correction, thinking in his presentationon "Groups in an Ethological- not negation. Legal Perspective."A similar theme was discussedby Margaret Gruter (Gruter Institutefor Law and Behavioral Research,Portola Valley, CA, tlSA) in her closingpresen- Report on the conferenceon tations which dealt rvith researchplans for the future con- cerning "Biclogical Foundationsof Group-Formationand Contributions of Biobehavioral Researchto the Social Law." Sciencesand Consequencesfor l-,aw Bruno S. Frey (Institute of Empirical Economic Research,University Zjrich Switzerland)spoke on "The in Munich, Germany, Septernber4-6, 1985 Behavior of Man: A View of the Modern Economy and Consequencesfor Law.'oThe two political scientists,Fred The conference,sponsored by the Gruter Institute for Kort (Universityof Conneticut,USA) and Heiner Flohr Law and Behavioral Researchand chaired by Professor (l-iniversity of Diisseldorf, Germany) emphasized the Manfred Rehbin'der, University Zurich, Switzerland, importanceof biobehavioralstudies relating to their fields brought together a number of scholarsand scientistsdedi- of research.Flohr asked"Why do we Sufferin our Contacts cated to researchon the interface between the social and with Bureaucracy?"Kort discussed"Evolutionary Founda- biologicalsciences. The goal of the conferencewas to answer tions of Civil Rights and Liberties.o' some questions raised by the behavioral scienceswhich BesidesWolfgang Wickler (Max Planck Institut fffr concern problems dealt with by the normative sciences. Verhaltensphysiologie,Seewiesen, Germany) who servedas During the last few yearsthe biologically basedbehavioral the principal discussantof the conference,Frans de Waal sciences,especially evolutionary biology, sociobiology and (Universityof Wisconsin,USA) representedthe ethological neurobiology,have addressed themselves to topicsthat have approachto group behaviorin his paperon o'Constraintson traditionally been within the realrn of the normative Power in Primates."Franz Seitelberger(University Vienna, sciences. One of the earliest forays into normative Austria), a neurobiologist, spoke on "Neurobiological approachesby an ethologistwas Wolfgang Wickler's book Foundationsand Human Freedom." 'oTheBiology of the Ten Commandments" ("Die Biologie The Gruter Institutefor Law and BehavioralResearch der Zehn Gebote," 197l). Among legal scholars Margaret will continueto sponsorconferences similar to the Mlinchen Gruter was first to publish on "The Relevanceof Ethology Konferenz(the first one held in Germanywith Germanas for the Law" (Die Bedeuttrngder Verhaltenforschungftir die conference language) and the previously held Monterey Rechtswissenschaft"1976). Both Wickler and Gruter were Dunes Conferences.The next conferencewill again be at presentat the conferencewhich was attendedby other legal Monterey Dunes,Ca., and will focuson biologicaland legal and behavioral scientists as well as political scientists, aspectsof affiliative behavior in the family group. anthropologists,social scientistsand neurobiologists. The proceedingsof the First Monterey Dunes Con- There was agreementto refer to the specificallylegal ference ( 198I ) edited by Margaret Gruter and Paul eepectsof normative problems within the biobehavioral Bohannanwere publishedas "I-aw Biologyand Culture.,"& Siences under the concept "Ethology of Law." tt was German translation edited by Margaret Gruter and suggestedto usethis conceptsimilar to and interfacingwith Manfred Rehbinderwas published by Duncker& Humblot, Sociology of Law and Anthropology of Law. In this Berlin "Der Beitragder Biologiezu Fragenvon Recht und perspectiveEthology of Law could be seenas a continuum Ethik." The proceedingsof the Second Monterey Dunes which encompassesthe facts of law, the data concerningthe Conference(1984) edited by Margaret Gruter and Roger social and cultural basis of human behavior and the latest Masters will be published as "Ostracism:a social and insights into the biological basis of human behavior.The biological phenomenon." Again a German translation transitions between the three fields of researchshould be editedby klargaret Gruter and Manfred Rehbinderwill be seenas fluid, interwoven and complementary. publishedby Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. This approachwas evidentin the presentationsby the various participants. The two anthropologistsaddressed themselvesto the development of law and morality, Leo ConferenceReport Pospisil(Yale UniversityUSA) reada paperon "Law as an Empirically BasedOperational Concept," Christian Vogel The section of Developmental Psvchologyof the (University Gdttingen,Germany)
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