Huwlanttholo gy n ewsl etter

Editor: Robert M. Adams il t., I Department of Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475 USA (606) 622-r r05, 622-t 106

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 8 DECEMBER,1985

Published by the International Societyfor Human

Officers of the Society 1986Meeting President Plans for the July, 1986meeting in Tutzing, West Irendus Eibl-Eibesfeldt Germany are proceedingon schedule.A large number of Max-Planck-Institut, D-8 l3 I papers were submitted, and notifications of acceptance Seewiesen.West Germanv have beensent. Details regarding the meeting are available in pre- Secretary vious issues of the Newsletter, or directly from the Gail Zivin Organizing Committee at the addressof the President, Jefferson Medical College above" Philadelphia,PA, USA

Treasurer ts*, Herman Dienske Primate Center Membership Renewal Rijswijk, Netherlands If the dateon your mailing labelis earlierthan 1986, Membership Chair it is time to renew your membership. Jay Feierman Report any errors, changesof address,etc. to the Vista Sandia Hospital editor. Albuquerque,NM, USA

Human l{ature Revisited Humsn Ethology, (ed by von Cranach, Koppa, Lepenies and Ploog, 1979,Cambridgel. defines a territory as land, bv John Ross water or airspaceowned by a group - not an individual, which will be defended with weapons if necessaryas the (The .follow'ing rs a response by John Ross to E. possessorsof that territory need and use its resources.It Hammerstein's c'omrnents in the previous issue of the seemsto me that what is being;aid is that territory is lr{ew'sletter.This is a continuing reaction to lan Vine's essentialfor the individuals therein to maintain or increase Forum commentery .) their fitness.This is also the meaning of the word when we discusslions defendinga territory. It is necessaryfor them to I disagreewith the sageswho said,"He who wants to do so to guard their food resources. embracetoo much - holds nothing." I also disagreewith Is my house a territory? Or is it a property?A posses- EliezerHammerstein's resistance to the temptationto add to sion that I do not need to increaseby fitness,but an ite4gf the list of human characteristics(H EN 4I 7:7)that Vine (4I 4) have purchased. I do not believe that these two worffi and I (4/ 6) thought it interestingto consider.If we, who are territory and property, have the same fitness enhancing attempting to study and discuss , are value and they should be kept separated. In Human unwilling to try to embracetoo much we will neverhave the EthologJ,much of the discussionin the sectionon property understandingthat we so desire. and territoriality seemsto me to discussgoods and privacy Obviously Hammerstein is correct in assertingthat rather than territoriality as displayed by the lions. The human nature cannot be understood through a list, but children in the kibutz are also not like the lions but like the through a hierarchyof interactingtraits. But what are the personin the library who setsoff a spaceas theirs to insure traits that hewants to interact?If we do not write them down their privacy. then we cannot let others know our thoughts.And let us Some time ago the word imprinting wasintroduced to define thesetraits so that we may discussintelligently. the ethological literature and referred to what a young Take the trait of territoriality.Hammerstein writes that precocial bird does to its parents.The next thing I was he hasseen such occur in the kibutz childrenhouses and that readingwas that human mothersimprint on their children Koenig has shown that it is speciestypical. Godelier,in so that theycould savetheir altricialyoung in caseof danger.

Continueel on page'2 Page 2

Continued .fiom page I scholars, Reinhold Zippelius ( {"Jniversity Erlangen, To me that was a definitional leap of faith which almost Germany) asked o'Can the Behavioral Sciencesanswer destroyedthe initial use of the word. I believethat terri- questions posed by legal scholars'I" Hagen Hof, toriality falls into the sameproblem area. (VolkswagenstiftungI{annover, Cermany) presentedhis This all leads me to believe that people have a very vier,l,son "[Jnderstandingthe Legislationfor Equal Treat- strong tendencyto gatheras many possessionsas possible, rnent under the Law in Terms of Behavioral Theory." an indication of statuswhich again reflectson an aspectof Michael Lehman(Max Plancklnstitut for Copy Right Law., human nature. But I still find that I fall on the side of the Miinchen, Germany), spoke on " in , argurnent that says people are a non-territorial species, Economicsand I,aw.'oWolfgang Fikentscher(University of although they certainly do a lot of marking of areasthey Miinchen, and Max Planck Institut for Copy Right Law, wish to call their own, even if it is not directly fitness Mlinchen, Germany) pointed to the relevanceof evolu- enhancing. tionary foundations for legal development and legal Let us keep the discussiongoing, through correction, thinking in his presentationon "Groups in an Ethological- not negation. Legal Perspective."A similar theme was discussedby Margaret Gruter (Gruter Institutefor Law and Behavioral Research,Portola Valley, CA, tlSA) in her closingpresen- Report on the conferenceon tations which dealt rvith researchplans for the future con- cerning "Biclogical Foundationsof Group-Formationand Contributions of Biobehavioral Researchto the Social Law." Sciencesand Consequencesfor l-,aw Bruno S. Frey (Institute of Empirical Economic Research,University Zjrich Switzerland)spoke on "The in Munich, Germany, Septernber4-6, 1985 Behavior of Man: A View of the Modern Economy and Consequencesfor Law.'oThe two political scientists,Fred The conference,sponsored by the Gruter Institute for Kort (Universityof Conneticut,USA) and Heiner Flohr Law and Behavioral Researchand chaired by Professor (l-iniversity of Diisseldorf, Germany) emphasized the Manfred Rehbin'der, University Zurich, Switzerland, importanceof biobehavioralstudies relating to their fields brought together a number of scholarsand scientistsdedi- of research.Flohr asked"Why do we Sufferin our Contacts cated to researchon the interface between the social and with Bureaucracy?"Kort discussed"Evolutionary Founda- biologicalsciences. The goal of the conferencewas to answer tions of Civil Rights and Liberties.o' some questions raised by the behavioral scienceswhich BesidesWolfgang Wickler (Max Planck Institut fffr concern problems dealt with by the normative sciences. Verhaltensphysiologie,Seewiesen, Germany) who servedas During the last few yearsthe biologically basedbehavioral the principal discussantof the conference,Frans de Waal sciences,especially evolutionary biology, and (Universityof Wisconsin,USA) representedthe ethological neurobiology,have addressed themselves to topicsthat have approachto group behaviorin his paperon o'Constraintson traditionally been within the realrn of the normative Power in Primates."Franz Seitelberger(University Vienna, sciences. One of the earliest forays into normative Austria), a neurobiologist, spoke on "Neurobiological approachesby an ethologistwas Wolfgang Wickler's book Foundationsand Human Freedom." 'oTheBiology of the Ten Commandments" ("Die Biologie The Gruter Institutefor Law and BehavioralResearch der Zehn Gebote," 197l). Among legal scholars Margaret will continueto sponsorconferences similar to the Mlinchen Gruter was first to publish on "The Relevanceof Ethology Konferenz(the first one held in Germanywith Germanas for the Law" (Die Bedeuttrngder Verhaltenforschungftir die conference language) and the previously held Monterey Rechtswissenschaft"1976). Both Wickler and Gruter were Dunes Conferences.The next conferencewill again be at presentat the conferencewhich was attendedby other legal Monterey Dunes,Ca., and will focuson biologicaland legal and behavioral scientists as well as political scientists, aspectsof affiliative behavior in the family group. anthropologists,social scientistsand neurobiologists. The proceedingsof the First Monterey Dunes Con- There was agreementto refer to the specificallylegal ference ( 198I ) edited by Margaret Gruter and Paul eepectsof normative problems within the biobehavioral Bohannanwere publishedas "I-aw Biologyand Culture.,"& Siences under the concept "Ethology of Law." tt was German translation edited by Margaret Gruter and suggestedto usethis conceptsimilar to and interfacingwith Manfred Rehbinderwas published by Duncker& Humblot, Sociology of Law and Anthropology of Law. In this Berlin "Der Beitragder Biologiezu Fragenvon Recht und perspectiveEthology of Law could be seenas a continuum Ethik." The proceedingsof the Second Monterey Dunes which encompassesthe facts of law, the data concerningthe Conference(1984) edited by Margaret Gruter and Roger social and cultural basis of human behavior and the latest Masters will be published as "Ostracism:a social and insights into the biological basis of human behavior.The biological phenomenon." Again a German translation transitions between the three fields of researchshould be editedby klargaret Gruter and Manfred Rehbinderwill be seenas fluid, interwoven and complementary. publishedby Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. This approachwas evidentin the presentationsby the various participants. The two anthropologistsaddressed themselvesto the development of law and morality, Leo ConferenceReport Pospisil(Yale UniversityUSA) reada paperon "Law as an Empirically BasedOperational Concept," Christian Vogel The section of Developmental Psvchologyof the (University Gdttingen,Germany) discussed "The Question DeutscheCesellschaft frir Psychologie(German Associa- of Biological Foundations of Morality." Among the legal tion of Psychoiogists)held its bi-annual meeting from Page 3

September 22 to 25, 1985 at the University of Trier, under European perspectiveswhich are relevantto the study of the auspices cl' [-eo M ontada. human development. Jochen Brandsta?ter (Trier) spoke on personal control The Conference will consist of Invited Addresses, of developmental processes.,as a complementary approach Symposiaand Postersbased on empirical,methodological besides stimultrs and physical control. Klaus Grossn'lann and theoreticalcontributions regarding any part of the life ( Regensburg) reported on various interdependencies of span.Symposia, organi zed on the basisof two hour blocks parental empath), and their child's play, exploratory and of time, will includetwo co-convenerscoming from two dif- achievement behavior. Horst Nickel (Diisseldorf) ferent countries,a chairperson,four/ five speakers.Con- summariz-ed research trends in developmental psychology venersmay be chairpersonand speakerstoo. Submissions since 197A, emphasizing a decrease of behavioristic for these should include a 100 word abstract for the approaches, an increase of ecological and multicausal symposiumand a 100word abstractfor eachpaper. Poster approaches, and economic difficulties with longitudinal submissionsshould include both a 100word abstractand stud ies. 500-wordsummary. Abstracts should be typed on 44 paper Among t he I 6 workshop groups, the one on eco- (see included format) and should be suitable for direct psychology in child development (organ tzed by H orst inclusionin the book o1'C'onlerence abstracts. Nickel and Sepp Schindler, Salz-burg)dealt with perinatal The programme will include the following themes: conditions, effects of various forrns of group care, and resi- DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNT- dential conditions. CATION (e.g.,preverbal, verbal and non-verbalcommuni- I n add it ion, a variety ol'survey papers, researchreports cation.,artificial languages,bilingualism, oral and written and posters were presented.Two examples from many note- language comprehension,etc.); PROGRESS IN THE worthy contributions: Ralf Briechle (Konstanz,) found that STUDV OF PERCEPTIVE AND COGNITIVE DE- adolescents, rated by peers and teachers as antisocial, per- VELOPM ENT, includingneuropsychological and differen- ceived themselves as isolated from their parents. Gabriele tial approach (e.g. spatial orientation, memory develop- Gloger-Tippelt ( Heidelberg) investigated the effects of ment, perceptionof time, faceexpression and recognition); psychological everyday theories psychologists meet in their INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INTER- clients. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS (e.g", socio-affective Wolf gang Edelstein (Berlin) called a meeting to disctrss development, studies on ternperament, aSsessmentof what developntental psychologists can contribute to the individual variability in interaction, etc.); DEVELOP- problems of war and peace. It was decided to establish a MENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE ONTOGEhIY Special lnterest Group which was joined by some 40 parti- AND PHYLOGENY OF BEHAVIOUR (e.g.,compara- cipan ts. tive researchand evolutionary approach, aggressiveand Trier is one of'thc oldest settlementsin West Germany prosocial behaviour, continuity and discontinuity in situated not l'ar from the borders of Luxembourg and development, etc"); ATYPICAL PATTERhIS OF France. It is surrounded by vineyards and lovely villages on DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION (C.9., the adjacent hills. There are ancient buildings of various researchon deaf, blind childreo,Downs syndroffie,autism, centuries and local stvle. The modern university was built as giftedchildren, etc.); ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES a campus univ'ersity outside of town, somewhat isolated ON DEVELOPMENT (e.g.,influence of culturaland socio- from social life. economic fabtors,technical transformations, child rearing Brigitte Rollett (Wien), Werner Deutsch (Ntjmegen) and socializatranprocesses). and Hans Wimmer (Salszburg) were elected representatives Tirne and space permit 20 Symposia, 100 Posters; of the section, as successorsof Klaus Grossmann (Regens- maximum number of participantsis 300. burg), F ried rich Wilkening ( Frankfurt) and Gabriele The closingdate for all submissionswill be l5 Januory, Glogen-Tippelt ( Heidelberg). 1986.Information regardingregistration fee and accommo- (T'hanks to Sigrid IIop/ ./or this report.) dations will be announcedin November, 1985.trnquiries, submissions and all other correspondenceshould be addressedto:

flevelopmental PsychologyConference GraztaATTILI Instituto di Psicologiadel Consiglio Nazionaledelle The Inaugural Conference on Developmental Ricerche Fsychology,which took placein Groningen, 1984,aimed to Via dei Monti Tiburtini n. 509- 00157 ROMA (Italy) bring Europeandevelopmentalists into closercontact with Tel"(0)6-4 512041 (M onday-Tuesday-Wednesdayl0- I 3 each other. It sought to provide a forum in which people a.m.) could becomemore aware of work being carried out else- where in Europe and establisha basisfor greatercoopera- More Meetings tive activity. The successof this first conference,which was Animal Behavior Society:8-13 June, 1985,Tucson, arrangedin closeaffiliation with the InternationalSociety AZ, USA; 2l-26 June, 1987,Williamstown, MA, USA" for the Study of Behavioural Development, led to the American Society of Zoologists: 27-3A December, decisionto organizea secondConference. 1986,Nashville, TN; 2744 December,1987, New Orleans,, This will take place in Rome from l0- l3 September, LA. 1986under the chairmanshipof Dr. Grazia Attili, Instituto Midwest Regional Animal Behavior Meeting: l8-20 di Psicologia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Riecerche, April, 1986,Mt. Pleasant,Michigan. Roma. The focus of this conferencewill be upon specific G

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Book Review emergent properties of mind and culture to 'lower-level' material processes,is not unfulfilled merely becausepro- : A Philosophical Anthropology gramrnatic claims remain only superficially supported by by Mary Maxwell. London and Sydney:Croom Helm the biological information presented. 1984,374 pages. DespiteMaxwell's periodic references to philosophers, and to ethical and epistemologicaltheory, too many con- Reviewed by lan Vine ceptual issues are skated over when relating mental University of Bradford, England. phenomena to brain processes,values to natural affective dispositions, and so on. Just like Wilson, Maxwell In principle, I believethat one should alwayswelcorne seeminglyremains philosophically naive to the end when it efforts to cope with the problems of bringing an inter- comes to appreciating the complex and perplexing diffi- disciplinary approach to topics in human behaviour. culties of specifyingthe actual relationsbetween conscious- Maxwell's background in sociology, evolutionary biology ness, rational and creativethought, social persuasionor and philosophy led me to hope that this wasjust the intro- normative prescription, and the biological bases and ductory text for the non-specialistthat studentsconcerned functions of these.In fact her text cculd be dangerouslymis- with human nature need. Its contents looked very wide- leadingto studentsas it stands,for in the lastresort it offersa ranging, and a puff by E.O" Wilson on the cover promised distinctly mechanisticanalysis of human nature?beneath its that she even brings "recent advancesin thinking about the 'humanistic' gloss"It actually fails to leave room for some evolution of mind and social behaviour to bear on central important featuresof our intersubjectiveconstruction and problems of philosophy." The introductory chapterscon- negotiation of meaningsand values,and for how purposive firmed that this is a very clear and readable text crammed activity basedupon the internal dynamicsof reasoningitself with plenty of predominantlyaccurate and up-to-dateinfor- has been highly significantin the evolution of culture (and mation from the bio-social sciences.(One misprint is probably eventhe human brain). Reflectiveand critical self- serious:on page 9l we read that the reptileswere donninant awareness is forrnally acknowledged, but her broadly over the mamrnalsbetween 200 and T0thousandyearsago!) Wilsonian framework contains nothing which can really But my doubts beganto grow, &str progressed througtr allow it any causal role. Chance, necessity,and natural chapterson the evolution of life, brain and behaviour'mind, selectionseem to rule everythittg. society, sexuality and the nuclear family, fflorality and This book goes sorneway to explaining how it is {hat sympathy,- lianguage,-e*d-fine{ty, cuhur.s',*F$ff clne.fi"hing, it our human brain generatesour distinctive mentai capa- soon becameclear that Wilson's approval was indicative of cities. And it suggestsvarious ways in which 'epigenetic her enthusiasm for Lurnsden-Wilson co-evolutionary rules' may shape particular motivational impulses theory. For another, the inevitablesuperfieiality of seeking although it often fails to stresshow tentative the evidence to present a balanced view of many controversial areas still is. Yet it lacks the conceptualapparatus to spell out briefly is sometimesconfounded wittr selectivebiases. (In how, for instance,a gene-baseddisposition to sympathize the chapter on linguistic evolutian and developmentthere is with others"can and doesinspire a beliefin the dignity of all no mention of Gordon Hewe'sthesis about gesturalorigins persons"(p. 236).No doubt the idealof moral equalitycould of language,or of Roger Brown's work on its ontogenesis. not haveemerged without sympathyevolving first. But even Scepticisrn about chimpanzees'use of sign language is if that ideal promoted inclusiveor at leastcultural fitnesswe playeddown, while Harry Jerison'sclaim that languagewas would not therebyhave explained it biologicaily-- nor have needed for memory and perception more than enhanced given it ethical justification. cornmunication is presenteduncritically.) It is surely the fact that human reasoncan deal with Nevertheless,Maxwell's book contains a lot of useful imagined worlds, contemplatingand choosing ideas and information about human evolutionary biology, neuro- valuesin a realm not limited by rigid biologicalimpulses and physical underpinnings of our behavioural capacitiesand constraints, that permits us to set up and to pursue dispositions,and so on. The theme of 'life asan organizerof behaviourally goals which are not predictable from the information' is a welcomed one, 4s is her expressedgoal cf premisesof biological science- howevercomplex we rnay showing that to understandthe role of natural selectionin make these.Maxwell never quite makesthis point, evenif shapinghuman nature,and evenmany cultural , she comes closer than Wilson does.Thus the impression is to gain accessto a more secureway of grounding humanist remains that the biological 'leash' restraining individual behefsand valueslike human dignity and autonomy. And it consciousnessand sharedcultural beliefsis a tight one. trn is true that the importance of self-awareness,rational my view it may look tight becausewhile hominid brain thought, moral evaluation and the like are affirmed. But structureswere still evolving the behaviouralproducts of thesetopics, like many othersin the book, are introducedin mind did on balanceenhance fitness. But this resultwas not one shoit section,dropped, then sometimesreintroduced in deterministicallyguaranteed, no more than it is now in our some later section without much new being added. In this own species"T'aking emergent mental propertiesseriously sense,the presentation of facts, theories, and interpreta- must surely entail the admissionthat no natural science, tions is rather bitty, and often not adequately integrated with its premisesrelying upon fixed causalprobabilities, will with general themes. The feeting that the pieces of the suffice to predict and explain intelligent actions fully. To pattern still haveto be pulled tightly togetherunfortunately claim more for human biology is to invite antagonismto its remains after reading the concluding chapter. More cru- legitimatebut limited explanatoryutility. cially, it sets up the suspicionthat the promise of an inte- grated analysis, which does not deterministically reduce Page 5

Book Review And they do it all usingthe besrpropoganda techniques to raisean emotional reaction in the readir who will then Not in our Genes:Biology, Ideorogy and Human Nature, know that the truth is there. If you look for the dispas- R.c. Lewontin, s. Roseand L.-r.Kimin, pantheon,N.y., sionatescience you will not find it, yon will not eventind a I 984 recentreference except to articlesof their authorship. And what about that socialist society they *int to Reviewed by John .d. Ross, create?It neverappears within the text. They do their bestto st. Lawrenceuniversity, canton, Ny 13617 shoot down the sociobiologicaltheorist, bui giveus nothing in return exceptthe passingidea that men and womenare ai Not in Our Genesis one of thosebooks that all who are the same, even if built slightly differenrly, and that any interestedin the generalarea of sociobiologymust read,not differencebetween one person and anotheris strictly learnei* becauseit is informative, but becauseit letJlhe.eader know andI or cultural. A book to be skimmed, but not to be what the "other side" is writing, what the uninitiated is chewedand digested. reading,and what may retard generalunderstanding of the area. The prefacesets the stage""Each of us hasbeen engaged Book Review for much of this time (the pastdecade and a half) in resea..h, writing, speaking,teaching, and public political activity in Th* Pygmy chimpanzee: Evolutionary Biology and opposition to the oppressiveforms in which determist Behavior. ideology manifests itself. We sharea comrnitment to the Randall L. Susman, Editor, plenum press, york, prospectof the New creationof a more sociallyjust - asocialist I e84. ISBN 0-306-41595_X society. And we recognizethat a critical scienceis an integral part of the struggle to createthat society,just as we Reviewed by James R. Anderson also believe that the sociai function of much of today's Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie,universitd scienceis to hinder the Louis creationof that societyby actingro Pasteur, Strasbourg,France. preservethe interestsof the dominant class,gen{er, and race" (pg. ix-x). with the publication of The pygmy chimp*nzee, with that as the stagewhere do they then go?I assume prinnatologistsnow have accessto a singlesource of varied that you did not miss the word "determinist" in the information on'the structure and behavior of the least precedittg paragraph. cln the assumption that they are known of the living Pongidae.In recentyears there has been talking about humans mosr of us would refer to a piedis- ' no shortageof new volumes devotedto the biology of pan position. But not to be ulndone,they usethe first chapterto troglodl:tes, Gorilla gorilla and pongo pygmoeis. The 17 state the position of the sociobiologist."The reduclionist chaptersof the presentbook go someway towards bringing and biological determinist proposition that we shall the fourth great ape, Pan paniscus,more into the picture, exarnineand criticize in the pagesof this book are: evenif there is clearlystill a long way to go beforethe quality of information on the ecologyand behaviourof p. piniscus o Social phenomena are the sutns of the behaviors of approaches that available on the other individuals. membeis of the family. In the meantime, the existence of a number of o Thesebehaviors can be treatedas objects, that is, reified interesting adaptations, identified both in earlier publica- into propertieslocated in the brain oi particularindivid- tions and. in the present book, keeps uals. the late-discovered, geographically restricted, pygmy chimp anzeehigh on the ' The reified propertiescan be measuredon some sort of list of topics to follow in .- scaleso that individualscan be ranked accordingto the After a short, first chapter recalling the formal amountsthey possess"(p" 7). And on it goesuntil the last discoveryof the pygmy chimpanzeein the laie 1920s,eight point at which time they indicatethat the abnormalityof rhe chaptersamounting to just over half the text makeup part l: individual with a particular behavioral problem tun be Molecular Biology, systematics,Morphology. Topics dealt cured through eugenics,genetic engineeringor a ..magic with include blood group serology, immunology, dental bullet" that will make them be like the resiof the woriO. morphology, body build and tiJsue comporiiion, and* The worst part is that they appear to believeit! skeletalrnorphology and allometric comparisons.Togeth.i* Further on they talk of " The core Dogmo: The core of these chapters confirm t-h. species status of the the Mechanistic'Progrem," a program p]yg*y of their imagination, chimpanzee, place the p. p. not of sociobiology. lnd troglodlttes - piifrru, divergence after the divergence of hominid, goiittu and An obvious example of the mechanisticviewpoint is chimpanzeelines from an earlier ancestor.Several of the I.Q. We are treated to a full disclosureof the Cyrit Burt contributors raisethe issueof the usefulness of the pygmy scandal' Hardly anything new. Then a study on separated chimp anzeeas a model of early hominids. While theie is no identicaltwins reportedby Shielctsin lg62.Not muchabout evidence of any special direci evolutionary link between more recentwork. Then an argumentagainst the concept of hominids uld pygmy chimpanzees,a number of morpholo- race' and againstthe idea that there may be dorninanie or gical similaritiesmake it clearthat studiesof p. panisius will any other type of differencebetween men and wornen.And indeed contribute importantly to reconstructions for my final point of earlvu a discussionof the 'opoor"work carried hominid conditions. out by Kallmann between1938 and 1942on the heritability Severalcontributors also referto the lack of fossilsthat of schizophrenia.,but onceagain no mentionof recentwork. would clarify divergencearnong the African hominoids. Page5

Given this situation,comparisons not onl5rbetween existing for data to comefrom f ormal studiesof sociaiand cognitive speciesbut also between different subspeciesor popula- abilitiesin theseapes. tions cf a givenspecies become very important for attempts The presentbook is not thedefinitive one on thepygmy at understandingevolutionary relationships" Thus, in some chimpanzee;work on this speciesis still at a rnuchtoo early clrapters data on different subspeciesof P" troglodS,t€s&re stage for that" But the reader, will come away eagerly presentedseparately when comparisons are made with P. awaiting the next generationof studies.Much depenclscn paniscus, but this is not always the case"In a chapter on whetherthe threatsto the speciesin its naturalhabitat can be locomotor behaviour, Susrnan suggeststhat comparative dealt with. The gravity of this problem,and somepossible studies might be most usefully carried out between P. stepswhich might be taken,are outlined in thefinal chapter. paniscarsand P.t. schweinJurthii.This is basedon a number Whatever the steps,they should be taken fast. of similiarities betweenthem, including body weight (the average difference is only about l0 kg in favour of P.t. schweinfurthii) and some skeletal parameters. The sarne Book Review reasoningcould be applied to socio-ecologicalstudies. The need for behavioural data for interpreting The hunnanethologist as primatologist structural adaptations is expressed several times, for example the relationsbetween diet anC dental morphology William T. Rniley (Kinzey), locornotor behaviour and skeletal morphology and tissue composition (Jungers and Susman, Zihlman), review of The llumars Primote, Richard Passingham, and perhaps cranial morphology and social behaviour W.H" Freemanand Co., 1982. (Shea) have all to be clarified. The required behavioural studies(Part 2) arestill at an early stage"There are chapters As man from a genealogical point of view on feedingecology, social interaction, locomotor behaviour belongsto the Catarhineor Old World stock,we and social organization, the data coming from two study- must conclude, however much the conclusion sites(Wamba, whereprovisioning has beencarried out, and may revolt our priCe,that our early progenitors the Lomako Forest). Such studiesbegan only a decadeor so would have been properly thus designated. ago. Visibility is poor, the subjectsare shy, and the studies (Darwin, The descent o.f man) have not always been continuous, so the picture is only just starting to emerge.However, the data that are coming in are Passingham'sbook fultills the author's intention to of considerable interest. Kano and Mulavwa, and Badrian make information on humans - as primates, available to and Malenky provide lists of food plants at thesetwo sites, individuals in a diversity of disciplines(and at varying levels with the latter two authorsdiscussing ecological factors that of education) who have in common an interest in human might lead to differences in diet and group sizes. Both phyletic relations and origins. chapters also compare data on P. paniscus and P. troglo- The book is organized around four topics: other pri- dytes. It is suggestedthat speciesdifferences in feeding and rnates, anatomy, abilities, and social order. There is an ranging activity, as well as in social organization, are related unfortunate tendencyfor some to think that ethologically- to differencesin diversity of habitat" Such comparisonswill appropriate study of humans can only be done using the be on much more solid ground once long-term data on methods and subjectswhich are generallyappropriate to ranging and activity budgets of identified pygmy nonhumansalso. How limiting! If we only conduct studies chimpanzeesbecome available. of human non-verbal behavior and ignore culture and Despitethe lack of extensiveobservations comparable language, how can we possibly attain a comprehensive to those carried out on some populations of common knowledge of humanity? (See also Blurton Jones, 1982). chimpanzees, certain aspects of pygmy chimpanzees' Therefore, the material presented under "abilities" is behaviour arouseparticular interest.One of thosedescribed particularly noteworthy. In addition to the to-be-expected oolangu in the book is the relatively high rate of plant food-sharing evidenceon "intelligence"and &ga,"Passingham has (Kuroda). Food-sharing in common chimpanzeesmostly included sectionson "technology" and o'culture.o'One of the occursduring meat-eatingepisodes (which appearquite rare excitingthings about this book is the detailthe author goes in P. paniscus) or between mothers and infants during to in demonstrating how very typical humans are as feeding on 'difficult' plant foods. Aspects of sexual primaters, and yet how unique, &s a species,we are. behaviour also differ betweenthe two speciesof chimpan- Many outside of ethology apparently believe that zees:notably, pygmy chimpanzeesshow a greatervariety of ethology is merely a methodology --'onaturalistic" obser- copulatory positions, appear less constrained by the vation (see Tunnell, 1977for a discussionof "natural"). female's reproductive state, and employ sexual contacts Those of us who were (intellectually)raised on Tinbergen's (especially"genitogenital rubbing") in a variety of social "aims and methodsof ethology"( 1963)know of coursethat contexts. Thompson-Handler, Malenky and Badrian ethology is the study of behavior,interested in distal and discusssexual behaviour in one chapter, and reiterate the proxirnal history and cause- basingthese on a complete need for long-term data. descriptionof the b,ehaviorin question.(Cf. Eibl-Eibeson's The final chapteron behaviour,by Savage-Rumbaugh, recentcomments in thesepages.) Those thus orientedwill be presentsinformal observationsof interactionsinvolving an happy to know that Passinghamhas judiciously included adult female-infant pair of pygmy chimpanzeesin daily evidencefrom experimentalas well as field studies. close contact with humans. The complexity of the social This well written account of the human prirnate will interactions described, and the impressive,spontaneous have a two-fold interestto human ethologists.Many have developmentof intentionalcommunicative skills auger well cometo ethology(relatively) late in their careersas students Page7

of human behavior certainlypast the time where one Bottle-feeding in{'ants do not recognize the odor of typically engagesin fonmal study of various topics (i.e., either parent.) graduateschool). That being So, many will have come to Chiarelli.8., & Massa,E"R. (1985).'The hereditary basts study the human prirnatewith little, if any (usuallyno), of rnating preference:An investigationcarried out on training in primatologyper se.For them, this text will serve MZ and DZ twins. Journa! o./'Human Evolution, 14, as an excellent introduction to primates human and 379-384.(tr-Jniv. of Florence, Inst. of Anthropology, otherwise.Secondly, and of particularinterest to thosewho via Proconso-lo12, l-50121Florence, Itd). areteaching courses in human ethology,this book will serve Colvin, J.,,& Tissier,G. (1985).Affiliation and reciprocity as an excellentprimary text -- though some will perhaps in sibling and peer relationshipsamong free-ranging prefer to use it as a secondary(but required)reading. The immature male rhesusmonkeys. ,4 nimal Behavior,33, fourty-seven pages of referencesare in themselvesa gold 959-977. mine of information" Studiesby a number of investigators familiar to members are prorninantly featured here (e.9., De Waal, F.M.B., & Luttrell, L.M. (1985).The formal Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Hinde, Lorenz, McGrew, Tinbergen). hierarchyof RhesusMacaques: an investigationof the (Human ethologistswill obviouslywant to familiarrzetheir bared-teeth display. Americcn Journal of Prima' students with the behavior of a number cf non-primate toktg)',9,73-85. ** speciesbut there are many sourcesof theseelsewhere.) The Deluty, R.H. (1985).Consistency of assertive,aggressive, text is liberally illustrated with well executedphotos and and subrnissive behavior for children" Journal of dnawings. Personolity and Social Psycholog)', 49, 1054-1055. (Univ. of Maryland, Dept. of Psychology,Catonsville, Blurton Jones,N.G. (1982).Editorial: human ethology-- Mp 21228). _ the study of people as if they could not talk? Etltology Dovidio, J.F., & Ellyson, S.L. (1985).Patterns of visual and Sor"iobiologv,2, 5l-54. dominancebehavior in humans.In S.L. Ellyson,& J.F. Tinberg€o,N. ( 1963).On aims and rnethodsof ethology. Dovidio (Eds.), Pow'er, dominonc'e,and non-verbal Zeitschrrt Tierps_y,chologie,20, 4l 0-433. fwr bgftavior. N-ewYoIk: Springer-Verlag"__ _ Tunnell, G.13"t1977)" Three dirnensionsof naturalness:an Eaton, S.B. & Konner, M. (1985).Paleolithic nutrition. expanded definition of field research. Psychologic'al fr{ew'England Journal of Medicine, 312,283-289. Bulletin, 84, 426-437. Edmonds,E.M., &" Cahoon, D"D. (1984).Female clothes preferencerelated to male sexual interest. Bulletin of the Ps),fhonomic!ociet):, 22 , 17t-17 3. _ _ Current f,iteratutre Essock-Vitale,S.M., & McGuire, M.T. (1985).Women's lives viewed frorn an evolutionary perspective. II. Material for this section of the Newslettershould be Patterns of helping. Ethology and Sociobiolog.y,6, sent directly to the editor. A sentenceor two of summary r55- t7 4" would increasethe value to readers. Essock-Vitale,S.M., & McGuire, M"T. (1985).Women's Articles, Papers, Chapters lives viewed from an evolutionary perspective. I. Sexual histories, reproductive success,and demo- Bielert,C., & Anderson,C.M. (1985).Baboon sexual swel- graphic characteristics of a random sample of lings and male responses:a possible operational American women. Ethology,and Sociobiology, 6, 137- mammalian supernormalstimulus and responseinter- I 54. action" International Journsl of Primatology', 6, 377- Exline, R"V" (1985). Multichannel transmissionof non- 393. verbal behavior and the perception of powerfulmen: Burghardt, G.M. (1985).Animal awareness:Current per- The presidentialdebates of 1976"In S.L. Ellyson, & ceptionsand historicalperspective. American Ps7,r'ho- J.F. Dovidio (Eds.), Power, dominonce, and non- logist, 4A, 905-9I 9. (U niv. of Tennessee?Dept. of . r,qr&crfbeftaviof. New.York: Springer-Verlag. Psychologyr*Knoxville,TN 37995USA). _ Gold, M., & Yanof, D.S. (1985).Mothers, daughters, and Campbell,A", Muncer,S", & Bibel,D. (1985)"Taxonomies girlfriends. Journal o.f Personalitj, and Social Psycho- of aggressivebehavior: A preliminary report. Aggres- Jog),, 49, 654-659; _ _ sive Behavior, I I , 2!7-222" (Rutgers State univ., Graubard, M. (1985)"The biological foundation of cul- School of Criminal Justice, l5 Washington St., ture " Journal oJ"Social and Biologit'al Struc'tltres, 8, It{eyark, l{J 07102, USA) _ _ 109-128.(Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Camras,L.A., & Allison, K. ( 1985).Childrens understand- 5s45 5). ing of emotional facial expressionsand verbal labels. Hailman, J.P. (1985).Ethology, zoosemioticand socio- Journsl of f{onverbal Behat,ior, 2, 84-94. (De Paul brglagy. American Zoologist, 25, 695-706. university, Dept. of Psychology,2323 N" Seminary Hallpike, C.R. (1985).Social and biologicalevolution: l. Ave., Chicago,IL 606I4.USA) _ _ Darwinism and socialevolution. Journal af Socialand Cernoch, J"M., & Porter, R.H. ( 1985).Recognition of Biological Structures,8, 129-146.(McMaster Univ., maternal axillary odors by infants. Child Develop- Dept. of Anthropology, 1280Main St. W., Hamilton, ntent, 56, 1593-1598. (tsreast-feedinginfants recog- Ontario, CanadaL85 4L9). nrzetheir mothers'axillary odors,but not their fathers'. Page 8

Harper, R"G. (1985). Power, domrnanceand nonverbal Maleski, D.J. ( 1985). Sociobiology and the California behavior:An overview.In S.L. Ellyson& J.F" Dovidio Public Trust Doctrine: The new synthesisapplied. (Eds.), Power, dominanc'e, und nonverhal behavior. Ir{atural Resources Journal, 25, 429-466. (Ceorgia _ New York: Springer-Vellag. _ _ State Univ", Collegeof Law, Atlanta, GA 30303USA) Harrigan, J.A., Oxman, T.8., & Rosenthal,R" (1985). Mandal, M.K., & Bhattactrarya,B.B. (1985)"Recognition R.apport expressed through nonverbal behavior. of facial affect in depression. Perceptual and Motor Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 9, 95- I 10. (Univ. Skills,61, l3-14. (BanarasHindu Univ., Psychology, of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Dept. of Family Varanasi 221005,{Jttar Pradesh,India). Med., Cincinnati, OH 4522!, {-ISA). lvlartin, P., & Caro, T"M. (1985).On the functionsof play Harris, L.J., & Fitzgerald, H.E. (1985). Lateral cradling and its role in behavioral developrnent.In Rosenblatt, preferencesin men and women. Resultsfrom a photo- J.S., Beer, C., Busnel, M., & Slater, P.-I.B.(Eds.), graphic study. Journal of General Psychology, I12, Advances in the stud)' of behovior (Vol. l5)" Orlando, l 85-r 89. FL: Academic Press. Hausfater, G., & Skoblick, B. (1985). Perimenstrualbe- Meaney, M.J., Steward,J., & Beatty,W.W. (1985).Sex havior changesamong female yellow baboons: Some differences in social play: The socializatian of sex similarities to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in roles. In -f.S" Rosenblatt, Beer, C., Busnel, M., & women. American Jou.ry!!-of lrimatolog)), 9, 162-172. Slater, P.J.B. (Eds.), Advsnces in the stucly aJ' be- FL: PIess. Henley,N.M., & Harmon, S. (1985).The nonverbalseman- @viorjVol. _15).-Orlando, $cademic tics of power and gender:A perceptualstudy. In S.L. Medicus,G. (19S5).Evolutionaere Psychologie. lnJ"A. Ott, Ellyson, &" J.F. Dovidio (Eds.), Power, dorninance, G.P. Wagner & F.M. Wuketits (Eds.) Evolution, and nonverbal behsviolrT{ew Y ork: Springer-Y erlag. Ordnung und Erkenntnis, 126-150.Berlin, Hamburg: HiernauX, J. (1935). Educability: A field of researchin Verlag Paul Parey.(Table with an idealizeddiagram of ongoing human evolution. Journsl of Human a hypotheticalphylogentic tree of behavioralcapabili- Evolution, 14, 371-374.(Univ. of Paris 07, Anthropol. ties; an Hnglishtranslation of the diagram is available Biol. Lab, Equipe Ecol Humaine, 2 PL Jussieu,F- through the author: University Hospital, Anichstr. *_ 4-6020 Innsbruck, Austlia.) _ _75251 Paris 05, France).. _ __- ____ - Hinde, R.A., & Barden,L.A. (1985)"The evolutionof the Mercer,J., & McMurdy, C. (1985).A stereotypedfollowing Teddy Bear. Animal Behaviour, 33, l37l-1372. (Data behavior in young children" Journal of General P^lr'- II2,26l-265. _ relevant to !ore_nzi?+"baFy characterSfics.") -.:'holog)', _ _ _ _ (1985).Dominance in non- Johnstoo, F.8., Coheno S", & Beller, A. (1985). Body Mitchell, G., 8c Maple, T.L. Dovidio composition and temperatureregulation in newborns" hurnan primates" [n S.I-" Ellyson, & J"F. 14, 341-345. (Eds.), Fow,er,dorninsnce, and non-verbsl behavior. Journal of Human Evolution, - New]ork: Springer-Verllg. _ _ Johnson, M"H., Bolhuis, J.J., & Horn, G" (1985).Inter- _ (1985). action between acquired preferencesand develcping Neill, S.R. St. J" Rough-and-tumbleand aggression predispositionsduring imprinting. Animal Behavior, in school children: seriousplay? Animal Behavior, 33, 33rlms-1006. I 380-1382. (Some play fightingmay resolvedominance _ --__ - cgrflicts while_avoidingserious disruption.) Keating, C.F. (1985). Human dominance signals: The primate in us" In S.L. Ellyson,& J.F. Dovidio (ECs.), Nuyen, A.T. (1985).Sociobiology, morality and feminism. Power, dominonce, and nonverbal behavior. New Human Studies, 8, 169-182.(Univ. of Queensland, Division of External Studies,St. Lucia, 4067, York: Springgl-Verlag._. _ QLD -- Australia). Lamb, M"8., Pleck, J.H., Charnov, 8.L", & Levine,J.A. _ _ ( l9S5). Faternal behavior in humans. American O'Brien, M., & Huston, A.C. (1985).Development of sex- Zoologist, 25, 883-892.(One of l2 paperson paternal typed play behavior in toddlers. Developmental Psllchology, 21, 866-871.(Univ. of Kansas, Dept. of behavior in_a variety of species.) . - - -- Devglopment, Lilwrence, KS 66945USA). Lewis, M., Sullivan, M.W., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1985). tluman -" (1985).Animal and Emotianal behaviour during the of contin- Ohman, A., Dimberg, U., & Ost, L.G. gency in early infancy. British Journal of Develop- social phobias: Biological constraints on learned R.R. (Eds.), mentg! Psycholo$t, 307-3-16- fear responses.[n Reiss,S., & Bootzin, -3, -- Theoretical issuesin behavior therapy (pp" 123-178). King, R.P., & Wesson,C.L. (19S5).Adapting a portable Orland_o,FL: AcademilPress. _ cassette tape player for interval time-sampling - (1985).Family size,milieu, and recording. Behavioral Engineering, 9, 72-75. (C.L. Olivier, G.,81 Devigne,G. of HumCInEvolu- Wesson,Bowling Green State Univ., Dept. of Special intellectual development. Journal (3 Rue Dauphine, F-94100 St. Education, Educ. Bldg., Bowling Green, OH 43403 tion, 14, 375-378. I usA). _ _ _ Maur, Franc-e.) . ( Social influence and nonverbal Mackey, W.F. (1985).The sociobiologyof ethnolinguistic Patterson, M. L. I 985). Dovidio (Eds.), nucleation. Politic's and the Life Sciences,4, l0- I 3. exchange.In S.[-. Ellyson, & J.F. behavior. New (Univ" of Laval, Int" Ctr. Res. Bilingualism,Quebec Pow'er, dorninance, And nonverbal Ygik: Springer-Verlag_. City, Quebec,Canada GIK 7P4). _ Page9

Raviola, 8., & Wiesel,T.N. (1985).An animal model of taken of distinctivefeatures of the human self-system, myopia. iVew'England Jsurnal o.f'Medit'ine,312, 1609. and of its susceptibilityto social influence, human Raviv. A., & Palgi, Y. (1985).The perceptionof social- sociobiologycan helpto explainwhy capitalismunder- environmentalcharacteristics in kibbutz familieswith mines the ideal of maximizing human well-being. family-basedand comnlunal sleepingarrangements. Waxer, P.H" (1985).Video ethology:Television as a data Journal o./' Personalitv' ancl Sot'ial Ps.r't'holog-t',49, base for cross-culturalstudies in nonverbal displays. 376-385. Journal q/ Nonverbal Behavior, 9, I I I - 120. (York Rushton, J.P. ( I 985). Differential K-theory: The socio- U niv., Dept. of Psychology,Rm. l2A, Behavioral biology of individual and group differences.Person- ScienceBldg. , 4700 Keele St., Downsview, Ontario, ality ond Individuol DifJ'eren(es,5, 441-452.(Univ. of Canada M3J I P3). Western Ontario, Dept. of Psychology, London, Weisfeld,G.8., & Linkey, H.E. (1985).Dominance dis- Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C2). plays as indicatorsof a socialsuccess motive. In S.L. Rushton,J.P., Russell,R.J.H., & Wells,P.A. ( 1984).Gene- Ellyson, & J.F. Dovidio (Eds.), Power, dominence, tic similarity theory: Beyond .Behavior and non-velbsl behavior. New Y ork: Springer-]i!.rlar Genetic,r,14, 179. Whissell,C.M. (1985).The role of the facein human emo- Russell,R.J.H., Wells, P.A., & Rushton,J.P. (1985).Evr- tion: lst systemor one of many. Perc'eptualand Motor dence for genetic similarity detection in human Skills, 61, 3-12. (Laurentian Univ., Dept. of Psychology,Sudbury, Ontario, ClanadaP3E 2C6). . ma.ylage.Ftholog)' ancl SociobiologL 6, 183-188. Shatz, M. (1985).An Evolutionary perspectiveon plasti- Whitehurst, R.C., & Derlega, V.J. ( 1985).Influence of city in languagedevelopment: a comrnentary.Merrill- touch and preferencesfor control on visual behavior and subjectiveresponses. In S.L. Ellyson, & J.F. PalrnerQuarterl-r', 3l, 2ll-221. (Ohio Univ., f)ept. of Dovidio (Eds.), Pow'etr,dontinance, and non-verbal Psy.,Zanesvjlle, QH 43701,USA). _ &eftgvlor.New York: Springer-Verlag. Shively,C. (1985).The evolutionof dominancehierarchies . _ in nonhurnanprimate society. In S.L. Ellyson,& J.F. Wilson, A.C. (1985)"The molecular basis of evolution. Dovid io ( Ecls.), Pov'er, clominence, And Ftonverhal Scientific'American, 25tr,!4), 164-lf 3_, _ beftayior. New York: SprijJggf-Verlqg. __ Zelhart",,P. F. ( 1985).l,{onverbal communication between Shively,C., & Smith, D.G. (1985).Social status and repro- motor vehicle drivers: Waves in Kansas. Psychologi- ductivesuccess of male Macacafasicularis. American cal Record, 35, 315-322.(Dept. of Psychology,,East Journal o.f'Primatolog.t', 9, 129-135. Tqxas State Univ., Commerce,TX 75428USA)" _ Smith, P.K., & Lewis, K. (1985).Rough-and-tumble play Zinober,8., & Martlew, M. (1985).Developmental changes fighting, and chasing in nursery school children. in four typesof gesturesin relationto actsand vocaliza- tions from l0 to 2l months.British Journal afDevelop- Etholog.t'Sntl $odg\lolog-t', 6, 175-182. mental Pstt'hologT',3, 293-306. Sincoff, J.8., Rosenthal, R. (1985). Content-masking methoclsas determinantsof resultsof studiesof non- verbal communication. Jottrnal oJ l{ onverbal Be- hsvior, 9, l2l . ( Reprint:Rosenthal,, R., H arvardUniv., Books Dept. of Psychologyand Social Relations,William Balaban, M. (Ed.) ( 1984). Biofutgical and JarnesHall, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge,MA 02138, foundations LrsA). _ human n,gture. Orland,o: Academic Press. Bretherton,I., & Waters,E. (Eds.)(1985). Growing points Singer, B. ( 1985). A comparison of evolutionary and of attachrnent theorl, and reseer('h.Chicago, IL: Univ. environmentaltheories of eroticresponse. I . Structural Chicago Press. Contents: I. Bretherton, I. Attach- features. TIte Journal o.f' Sex ReseArch,2 l, 229-257. menttheory: Retrospect and prospect.II. Waters,E., & (univ. of Oregon,Dept. of Comp. & InformationSci., Deane, K.E. Defining and assessingindividual dif- Eugene,OR 97403USA). ferencesin attachment relationships:Q-methodology Vine, I. ( 1985).trnclusive fitness and self-system-- the roles and the organizatranof behavior in infancy and early of human nature and socio-culturalprocesses in inter- childhood.III. Main, M., KaplanoN., & Cassidy,J. group discrimination.Paper to European Sociobio- Securityin infancy,childhood, and adulthood:A move logical Society meeting, University of Oxford, 5-6 to the levelof representation.IV. Vaughn,B.E., Deane, January. (InterdisciplinaryHuman Studies,IJ. Brad- K.8., & Waters,E. The impactof out-of-homecare on ford, Bradford, BD7 I DP, England). _ child-mother attachment quality: Another look at Vine, I. (1985).Political implicationsof sociobiology someenduring questions. V. Dontas,C., Maratos,O., social Darwinist or socialist?Annual meetingof The Fafoutis, M., & Karangelis,A. Early social develop- British Associationfor the Advancementof Science, ment in institutionally reared Greek infants: Attach- tiniversity of Strathclyde, 29th August 1985.(Inter- mentand peerinteraction. VI. Erickson,M.F., Srouf'e, disciplinary Human Studies,University of Bradford, L"A., & Egeland,B. The relationshipbetween quality Bradford BD7 I DP, England). The core theoriesof of attachmentand behaviorproblems in preschoolin a sociobiology do not, as critics allege, support con- high-risk sample.VII. Bates,J.8., Maslin, C.A., & servativepolitical ideologies.When proper accountis Frankel. K.A. Attachment securitv. mother-child Pagel0

interaction, and temperament as predictors of be- havior-problem ratings at age three years. VIII. wind, J. (Ed.) ( 1985). Essa-)'sin human sot,iobiolog.t,. schneider-Rosen,K., Braunwald,K.G., carlson,v., & London: Academic. ciccetti, D. current perspectives in attachment Wohlwill, J.F.. & Vanvier,W. (Eds.)( 1985).Habitats or theory: Illustration from .f the study of maltreated chilclren: T"heimpacts o./'clensit.t,. Hillsdale: infants. Lawrence IX. Ricks, M.H. The sociai transmissionof Erlbaum Assoc. parental behavoir: Attachment across generations. x. Grossmann,K., Grossmann,K.E., Spangler,G., Suess, G., & Unzner, L. Maternal sensitivity and BUTLETIN BOART) newborns' orientation responsesas related to quality of attachment in Northern Germany. xI. sagi, A., congress of the International primatological society Lamb, M.E., Lewkowicz,K.S., Shoh&ffi,R., Dvir, R.o The deadlinefor abstractsfor this meeting,to be held in & Estes, D. Security of infant-mother-father, and Gdttingenthe week prior ro the Human EthJogy meeting, -metapelet attachmentsamong kibbutz-reared Israeli is February 15. Complete information is from children. xII. Miyake, K., chen, s., & campos, J.J. Hans-Jurg Kuhn, German primate center (Dpz),"uuilubl. Kellner- Infant temperament, mother'smode of inte.a.iiott, and weg 4, D-3400 Gijttingen, FR Germany. So far, 2g sym- posium titles have been suggested,and severaltours and Blanck, P"D., Buck, R.w. , & Rosenthal,R. (Eds.)(19g4). social events are planned. The languageof the meeting is Nonverbal communication in the c'linical c'ontest. English. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Universitv American Society of Prirnatologists The next annualmeeting Boyd, R., & Richerson,P.J. (1985).Culture anclthe evo- of ASP will beJune 28-July 6, 1985at the University of Texas lutionar))procesr. Chicago: University press.How do at Austin. Prograrn Chair is Dr. Joyce sirianni, Dept. genetic, psychological, sociological, and cultural of Anthropology, S0Ny Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA 14261. factors combine to changesocieties? Boyd and Richer- son develop models to analyze how biology and Newsletter culture interact, under the influence of evolutionary Submissions Yes,please processes,to produce the diversity we see in human sendanything which might be of interestto ISHE members: cultures. Using analytical methods developedby evo- announcernentsof meetings,comments relevant to lutionary biologists,they proposea theort of cultural human ethology, suggestionsfor Forum topics conspicuous evolution that is original, rigorous, and fair-minded. by their absencelatery, sabbaticaloppo.- tunities,employment Explicitly linking genetic and opportunities,anything. Suggestions in a unified theoretical framework, the authors create for books to review,or reviews,should be sent to European mathematicalmodels to expressrelationships between Editors William McGrew (Dept. of Psychology, university individual behavior and the large-scale,long-term of Stirling, Stirling FK9- 4LA Scotland) or tran behavior of societies.They investigate how cultural Vine (InterdisciplinaryF{uman Studies, university of Bradford, yorkshire, evolution is affectedby variations in patternsof social Bradford, west BD7 I DP, England) learning; how learning, invention, and individual or ro American Editor williarn Bailey (Dept. of Psychology, decisionscreate forces of cultural evolution; and how Tulane university, New orleans, Louisiana701l8). can act directly and indirectly on Submissions culturally transmitted information. Boyd and Richer- in any legible format are acceptable. son also address such controversial issues as the Newsletter Editor adequacy of sociobiologists'explanations of human Wanted The current editor's behavior, the nature of large-scalecooperation in term expiresat the end of 1996. Pleasesend nominations, human societies,and the evolution of symbolic be- or an indication of your own havior. (Publisher'ssummary) willingnessto serve,to the current editor or to any officer. It's a fun job, stimulatesinteractions with a lot of very fine Duncan, S., Jr., &. Fiske, D.w. (1985).Interaction struc- people, and requires little in the way of resources. ture and strategy, cambridge university press. (Analysis of verbal and nonverbal interaction.) Membership Plomin, R., & DeFries, J.C. (1985). origins of indiviclual The Newslettermailing list now numbers280. There are dffirences in infancy: The Coloraclo odoption pro- 50 Europeanmembers,, 8 in Asia, I in Australia,2 in south iect. Orlando: Academic Press. America,24 in Canada,and 190in the U.S. Jay Feierman is Membership Reynolds,V., Vine, I., Falger,V.S.E. (eds.)(1986) The Chair; send him your ideasfor expandingthe Society(visra Sociobiology of Ethnocentrism,Croom Ftrelm,London sandia Hospitat,sot Richfield Ave., Albuquerque, & sydney" (In press).(Based upon revisionsof papers NM 87ll3). And be surero copy and send the membership presentedat the E.S.S. meeting cited above under blank from last issuewith Vine. your reprints and correspondence. Trivers, R., Social Evolution. Reviewed by M. Bekofl ISHE Directory Evolution, 1985, 39, 1401, T.H. Clutton-Brock, A long overduemembership directory should be com- l{oture, 1984,3 16, 397. pleted and mailed within four weeks' (-rttrin,r,tr., puger2 Page I l

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INTERN,ATIONALSOCIETY FOR HUMAN ETHOLOGY

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I he ISH [] uas lirrmed u ith thc goal ol'promoting ethologicalperspectives on thc studl' ol human behavior.It encourages empirical researchthat addressesthe questionsof individual development,environmental, ecologicaland social processes which elicit and support certain behavior patterns, the function and significanceof behavior, and comparative and evolu- tionary problems. The Societyhas elected officers and a number of committees,publishes a quarterly Newsletter,collates an annual selectionof human ethology abstracts,and meetsannually, either independently or in conjunction with the Animal Behavior Society, the International Primatological Society or another major society.

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Bulletin Board Conrinueel f ronr poge l0 If you are interestedin purchasingthe entire file on Indexed Bibliography Available tape, set up for DEC Datatrieve,let me know. presumably, A cornputer-sorted, indexed bibliography of about you could then add your own entriesand continueto update 2,000entries is availablefrom the editor"Authoi,iou.nal or it. book, year, and up to four index words are sturreointo an 8O-columnfield, thus rendering some of the entries very Membership/ NewsletterSubscription cryptic but usuallydecipherable. A greatmany of the studiei Membership in the International Societyfor Human were indexed by the title alone. Much of the content is Ethology is availablefor u.s. $10.00($s.00 for srudenrs) dictated by my own ideosyncraticinterests and tastes,and in through the New'slettereditor. The newsletteris provided general it was not prepared for public consumption. The freeto membersand is sentvia air mail to overseasmembers. vast majority of the works have already been nbted in the Membership n'current is for the calendaryear. Newsletters' Literature" section. No money-back Current memberscan be awarethat they should renew guarantees,and very little support for the user will be pro- when the date on the mailing labelis earlierthan thecurrent vided. year. If you still want a copy, sortedalphabetically by aurhor and by each index term, send $8.00 to your Newsletter By-Laws editor, and he will eventually respond.The money will buy A draft version of the by-laws for the Society is now computer time, stamps, a few diskettesfor consultant Jim under considerationby the officers and most recentboard Mertz, rice cakes for long-suffering Sharon Cates, and a members.Also under study is the office of vice president. beer for me. (Is this really how you want to wasre your money?) Non-U.S. funds should be managablewithout a service charge. I{appy I{ew Year!

Robert M. Adams Departmentof Psychology EasternKentucky University Richmond, KY 40475

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.r+3.ry.efrirBri.