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Westminsterresearch Song Is the Secret of of Existence: Fairouz And

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Westminsterresearch Song Is the Secret of of Existence: Fairouz And WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Song is the Secret of of Existence: Fairouz and the Arab Diaspora in London and Doha Issa, D. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Ms Dima Issa, 2019. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] SONG IS THE SECRET OF EXISTENCE: FAIROUZ AND THE ARAB DIASPORA IN LONDON AND DOHA DIMA ISSA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July 2019 Abstract Nestling in the hearts and minds of her listeners, the Lebanese singer and performer, Fairouz, travels across land and seas, offering gentle reminders of the past or inspiring hope for the future. With the objective of exploring the role that Fairouz plays in the lives of the Arab diaspora, this project examines possible identity constructions and concepts of belonging, investigating how Fairouz factors in diasporic space and how her music offers opportunities to navigate individual and social positions in such space. Through an ethnographic study, focusing on in-depth interviews, narratives of 59 members of the Arab diaspora living in Doha, Qatar and London, England were heard, understood and categorised thematically, highlighting how music can elucidate and situate experiences of migration, positioning listeners on a fluctuating continuum, which moves beyond standard private and public lines of domesticity, nationalism and religion. The role of affect in drawing and maintaining these lines is explored in depth, especially in its relation to the ways participants position themselves across space and time. Essentially, discussing Fairouz meant discussing diasporic life, bringing to the surface notions of Arabness and authenticity, presence and absence, naturalization and citizenship, and the issue of gender. Importantly, conversations with the research respondents shed light on the idea of iltizam (commitment), in relation to those trajectories, showcasing how members of the Arab diaspora hold on to attributes that they feel define and differentiate them from others. Topics of memory are also discussed, illuminating the ways in which Fairouz allows for reflection on past and present, as well as providing a sense of foretelling the future. Drifting through generations, Fairouz is an inherited artist and icon, allowing musical continuity and harbouring timeless appeal. Fairouz thus paves the way for discussion on everyday practices, contributing to the expanding fields of Arab Cultural studies, Diasporic studies and Fairouz studies. Keywords: Fairouz – diaspora – Arab – habitus – iltizam (commitment) Table of Contents Notes on Language and Transliteration ...................................................................................... 1 Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................................... 2 AcKnowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 4 Author’s Declaration .......................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter One ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction: The Individual, the Social, the Diasporic and the Music of Fairouz ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Dividing the Habitus ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter Two ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Literature Review and Theoretical FrameworK: Fairouz, ‘Aura’, and the Arab Diaspora .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Music, Space and a Voice for the Displaced ......................................................................................... 23 Tracing the Journey: Fairouz, the Rahbanis and the Question of ‘Aura’ ................................. 28 Musical Moments ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Figuring Fairouz in Time and Place ......................................................................................................... 33 Diasporic Audiences ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Situated and Mnemonic - (Re) positioning the Imagination ........................................................ 48 Chapter Three .................................................................................................................................... 55 Methodology: Multi-Sitedness and the Quest for Meaning ................................................ 55 Stop and Rewind: Music and the Diaspora .......................................................................................... 56 Researcher Positioning ................................................................................................................................. 61 Methodological Overview ............................................................................................................................ 63 Multi-Sited Ethnographic Methodology ................................................................................................ 65 In with Interviews and out with Focus Groups .................................................................................. 68 Analysis and Interpretation ........................................................................................................................ 69 Sample Size and Recruitment ....................................................................................................................... 73 Unfolding the Action Plan ............................................................................................................................. 74 Contextualising – Meta- and Micro- Habitus ....................................................................................... 77 Comparing London and Doha: A Discussion ....................................................................................... 83 Chapter Four ...................................................................................................................................... 87 Affective Identities: ‘Arabness’, Hybridity, and ‘Intercontextual’ Iltizam ..................... 87 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 87 Arab Social Fronts, Hybridity and ‘Intercontextual’ Iltizam ......................................................... 91 Mnemonic Imaginings of Home ............................................................................................................. 116 Listening Religiously ................................................................................................................................... 128 Conclusion: Performing Parallel and Intersecting Identities .................................................... 133 Chapter Five ..................................................................................................................................... 136 Fairouz, Affective Space and the Displaced ........................................................................... 136 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 136 Fairouz: An Affective Space for Interpretation ............................................................................... 139 Fairouz: Omnipresent and Definer of Space ..................................................................................... 143 Riding in Cars with Fairouz ..................................................................................................................... 157 Conclusion: Affective Spaces and Mnemonic Places ..................................................................... 160 Chapter Six ........................................................................................................................................ 163 Music, Migrancy, Presence and Absence ................................................................................ 163 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 163 Presence and Absence: Fairouz and the
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