An Overview of Particulate Matter Measurement Instruments
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Aethalometer Is Located, Data from the Aethalometer Will Also Be Compared to the Sunset Semi-Continuous Analyzer
Sunset Carbon Evaluation Project QA Project Plan, Version 1, September 27, 2011 Sunset Carbon Evaluation Project Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) QA Level IV U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Ambient Air Monitoring Group September 27, 2011 Page 1 of 41 Sunset Carbon Evaluation Project QA Project Plan, Version 1, September 27, 2011 Page 2 of 41 Sunset Carbon Evaluation Project QA Project Plan, Version 1, September 27, 2011 DISTRIBUTION LIST The following individuals have been provided with copies of this QAPP. Lewis Weinstock EPA Group Lead U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC Elizabeth Landis EPA Project Lead U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC Mike Papp QA EPA QA Officer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC Joann Rice EPA Technical Advisor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC Page 4 of 41 Sunset Carbon Evaluation Project QA Project Plan, Version 1, September 27, 2011 1.0 Introduction This is a level IV Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) that covers an Environmental Data Operation (EDO) conducted by the EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) Ambient Air Monitoring Group (AAMG) and State and local monitoring agencies to collect field data at seven (7) sites across the United States. The selection of participating sites is in progress, and to date, monitoring agencies at 3 sites have agreed to participate. -
244LD Levelstar Intelligent Buoyancy Transmitter for Level
Master Instruction 11.2016 MI EML0710 G-(en) 244LD LevelStar Intelligent Buoyancy Transmitter for Vers. 6.2.x Level, Interface and Density with Torque Tube and displacer – HART and Foundation Fieldbus – The intelligent transmitter 244LD LevelStar is designed to perform continuous measurements for liquid level, interface or density of liquids in the process of all industrial applications. The measurement is based on the proven Archimedes buoyancy principle and thus extremely robust and durable. Measuring values can be transferred analog and digital. Digital communication facilitates complete operation and configuration via PC or control system. Despite extreme temperatures, high process pressure and corrosive liquids, the 244LD measures with consistent reliability and high precision. It is approved for installations in contact with explosive atmospheres. The 244LD combines the abundant experience of FOXBORO with most advanced digital technology. FEATURES • HART Communication, 4 to 20 mA, or • Backdocumentation of measuring point Foundation Fieldbus • Continuous self-diagnostics, Status and diagnostic • Configuration via FDT-DTM messages • Multilingual full text graphic LCD • Configurable safety value • IR communication as a standard • Local display in %, mA or physical units • Easy adaptation to the measuring point • Process temperature from –196 °C to +500 °C without calibration at the workshop • Materials for use with aggressive media • Linear or customized characteristic • Micro sintermetal sensor technology • 32 point linearisation -
Calibration Methods – Nomenclature and Classification
CHAPTER 8 CALIBRATION METHODS – NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION Paweł Kościelniak Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland ABSTRACT Reviewing the analytical literature, including academic textbooks, one can notice that in fact there is no precise and clear terminology dealing with the analytical calibration. Especially a great confusion exists in nomenclature related to the calibration methods: not only different names are used with reference to a given method, but they do not express the principles and the nature of different methods properly (e.g. "the set of standard method" or "the internal standard method"). The problem mentioned above is of great importance. A lack of good terminology can be a source of misunderstandings and, consequently, can be even a reason of carrying out an analytical treatment against the rules. Finally, the aspect of rather psychological nature is worth to be stressed, namely just an analyst is (or should be at least) especially sensitive to such terms as "order" and "purity" irrespectively of what analytical area is considered. Chapter 8 1 INTRODUCTION Reading the professional literature, one is bound to arrive at the conclusion that in analytical chemistry there is a lack of clearly defined, current nomenclature relating to the problems of analytical calibration. It is characteristic that, among other things, in spite of the inevitable necessity of carrying out calibration in instrumental analysis and the common usage of the term ‘analytical calibration’ itself, it is not defined even in texts on nomenclature problems in chemistry [1,2], or otherwise the definitions are not connected with analytical practice [3]. -
Pressure Measuring Instruments
testo-312-2-3-4-P01 21.08.2012 08:49 Seite 1 We measure it. Pressure measuring instruments For gas and water installers testo 312-2 HPA testo 312-3 testo 312-4 BAR °C www.testo.com testo-312-2-3-4-P02 23.11.2011 14:37 Seite 2 testo 312-2 / testo 312-3 We measure it. Pressure meters for gas and water fitters Use the testo 312-2 fine pressure measuring instrument to testo 312-2 check flue gas draught, differential pressure in the combustion chamber compared with ambient pressure testo 312-2, fine pressure measuring or gas flow pressure with high instrument up to 40/200 hPa, DVGW approval, incl. alarm display, battery and resolution. Fine pressures with a resolution of 0.01 hPa can calibration protocol be measured in the range from 0 to 40 hPa. Part no. 0632 0313 DVGW approval according to TRGI for pressure settings and pressure tests on a gas boiler. • Switchable precision range with a high resolution • Alarm display when user-defined limit values are • Compensation of measurement fluctuations caused by exceeded temperature • Clear display with time The versatile pressure measuring instrument testo 312-3 testo 312-3 supports load and gas-rightness tests on gas and water pipelines up to 6000 hPa (6 bar) quickly and reliably. testo 312-3 versatile pressure meter up to Everything you need to inspect gas and water pipe 300/600 hPa, DVGW approval, incl. alarm display, battery and calibration protocol installations: with the electronic pressure measuring instrument testo 312-3, pressure- and gas-tightness can be tested. -
Are Black Carbon and Soot the Same? Title Page
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 24821–24846, 2012 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/24821/2012/ Chemistry ACPD doi:10.5194/acpd-12-24821-2012 and Physics © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions 12, 24821–24846, 2012 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry Are black carbon and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. and soot the same? P. R. Buseck et al. Are black carbon and soot the same? Title Page P. R. Buseck1,2, K. Adachi1,2,3, A. Gelencser´ 4, E.´ Tompa4, and M. Posfai´ 4 Abstract Introduction 1School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA Conclusions References 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA Tables Figures 3Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprem,´ J I Hungary J I Received: 1 September 2012 – Accepted: 3 September 2012 – Published: 21 September 2012 Back Close Correspondence to: P. R. Buseck ([email protected]) Full Screen / Esc Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 24821 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract ACPD The climate change and environmental literature, including that on aerosols, is replete with mention of black carbon (BC), but neither reliable samples nor standards exist. 12, 24821–24846, 2012 Thus, there is uncertainty about its exact nature. -
Chapter 5 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity
Chapter 5 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Motivation. In this chapter we discuss the planning, presentation, and interpretation of experimental data. We shall try to convince you that such data are best presented in dimensionless form. Experiments which might result in tables of output, or even mul- tiple volumes of tables, might be reduced to a single set of curves—or even a single curve—when suitably nondimensionalized. The technique for doing this is dimensional analysis. Chapter 3 presented gross control-volume balances of mass, momentum, and en- ergy which led to estimates of global parameters: mass flow, force, torque, total heat transfer. Chapter 4 presented infinitesimal balances which led to the basic partial dif- ferential equations of fluid flow and some particular solutions. These two chapters cov- ered analytical techniques, which are limited to fairly simple geometries and well- defined boundary conditions. Probably one-third of fluid-flow problems can be attacked in this analytical or theoretical manner. The other two-thirds of all fluid problems are too complex, both geometrically and physically, to be solved analytically. They must be tested by experiment. Their behav- ior is reported as experimental data. Such data are much more useful if they are ex- pressed in compact, economic form. Graphs are especially useful, since tabulated data cannot be absorbed, nor can the trends and rates of change be observed, by most en- gineering eyes. These are the motivations for dimensional analysis. The technique is traditional in fluid mechanics and is useful in all engineering and physical sciences, with notable uses also seen in the biological and social sciences. -
A Measuring Instrument for Multipoint Soil Temperature Underground
A MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR MULTIPOINT SOIL TEMPERATURE UNDERGROUND Cheng Wang, Chunjiang Zhao * , Xiaojun Qiao, Zhilong Xu National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China, 100097 * Corresponding author, Address: Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road 11#, Beijing, 100097, P. R. China, Tel: +86-10-51503411, Fax: +86-10-51503449, Email: [email protected] Abstract: A new measuring instrument for 10 points soil temperatures in 0–50 centimeters depth underground was designed. System was based on Silicon Laboratories’ MCU C8051F310, single chip digital temperature sensor DS18B20, and other peripheral circuits. It was simultaneously able to measure, memory and display, and also convey data to computer via a standard RS232 interface. Keywords: Multi-point Soil Temperature; Portable; DS18B20; C8051F310 1. INTRODUCTION The temperature of soil is a vital environmental factor, which directly influences the activity of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic substances. It can affect roots absorbing water and mineral elements. It also plays an important role in the growth rate and range of roots. Statistically, roots of most plants are within 50 centimeters underground, so it becomes very significant to measure the soil temperature of different depth in this level. The Soil Temperature Measuring Instruments used nowadays mainly fall into three types, the first type is the measure temperature by making use of the relationship between the soil temperature and the temperature-sensitive resistor. Before using this sort of instruments, the system parameters need to Wang, C., Zhao, C., Qiao, X. and Xu, Z., 2008, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 259; Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, Vol. -
Made to Measure. Practical Guide to Electrical Measurements in Low Voltage Switchboards V
Contact us A 250 500 200 150 V (b) 100 (a) 50 0 t Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements in low voltage switchboards A 250 500 ABB SACE The data and illustrations are not binding. We reserve 200 the right to modify the contents of this document on the 150 Una divisione di ABB S.p.A. basis of technical development of the products, 100 Apparecchi Modulari without prior notice. 50 0 Viale dell’Industria, 18 Copyright 2010 ABB. All rights reserved. - 1.500 - CAL. 20010 Vittuone (MI) Tel.: 02 9034 1 Fax: 02 9034 7609 bol.it.abb.com www.abb.com V 80 V 60 2CSC445012D0201 - 12/2010 (f) 40 50 Hz 20 0 t Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements in low voltage switchboards table of Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements contents in low voltage switchboards 1 Electrical measurements 5.3.2 Current transformers ......................................................... 37 5.3.3 Voltage transformers ......................................................... 38 1.1 Why is it important to measure? .......................................... 3 5.3.4 Shunts for direct current .................................................... 38 1.2 Applicational contexts .......................................................... 4 1.3 Problems connected with energy networks ......................... 4 6 The measurements 1.4 Reducing consumption ........................................................ 7 1.5 Table of charges .................................................................. 8 6.1 TRMS Measurements -
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S. -
How Are Units of Measurement Related to One Another?
UNIT 1 Measurement How are Units of Measurement Related to One Another? I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind... Lord Kelvin (1824-1907), developer of the absolute scale of temperature measurement Engage: Is Your Locker Big Enough for Your Lunch and Your Galoshes? A. Construct a list of ten units of measurement. Explain the numeric relationship among any three of the ten units you have listed. Before Studying this Unit After Studying this Unit Unit 1 Page 1 Copyright © 2012 Montana Partners This project was largely funded by an ESEA, Title II Part B Mathematics and Science Partnership grant through the Montana Office of Public Instruction. High School Chemistry: An Inquiry Approach 1. Use the measuring instrument provided to you by your teacher to measure your locker (or other rectangular three-dimensional object, if assigned) in meters. Table 1: Locker Measurements Measurement (in meters) Uncertainty in Measurement (in meters) Width Height Depth (optional) Area of Locker Door or Volume of Locker Show Your Work! Pool class data as instructed by your teacher. Table 2: Class Data Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Width Height Depth Area of Locker Door or Volume of Locker Unit 1 Page 2 Copyright © 2012 Montana Partners This project was largely funded by an ESEA, Title II Part B Mathematics and Science Partnership grant through the Montana Office of Public Instruction. -
Guidance for Using Continuous Monitors in Pm Monitoring
United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-98-012 Environmental Protection Planning and Standards May 1998 Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Air GUIDANCE FOR USING CONTINUOUS MONITORS IN PM2.5 MONITORING NETWORKS GUIDANCE FOR USING CONTINUOUS MONITORS IN PM2.5 MONITORING NETWORKS May 29, 1998 PREPARED BY John G. Watson1 Judith C. Chow1 Hans Moosmüller1 Mark Green1 Neil Frank2 Marc Pitchford3 PREPARED FOR Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 1Desert Research Institute, University and Community College System of Nevada, PO Box 60220, Reno, NV 89506 2U.S. EPA/OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711 3National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 755 E. Flamingo, Las Vegas, NV 89119 DISCLAIMER The development of this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under cooperative agreement CX824291-01-1, and by the Desert Research Institute of the University and Community College System of Nevada. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This draft has not been subject to the Agency’s peer and administrative review, and does not necessarily represent Agency policy or guidance. ii ABSTRACT This guidance provides a survey of alternatives for continuous in-situ measurements of suspended particles, their chemical components, and their gaseous precursors. Recent and anticipated advances in measurement technology provide reliable and practical instruments for particle quantification over averaging times ranging from minutes to hours. These devices provide instantaneous, telemetered results and can use limited manpower more efficiently than manual, filter-based methods. -
IQ Sensornet Nitravis 701 & 705 IQ Sensors User Manual
OPERATIONS MANUAL ba76078e03 05/2017 NitraVis 701 IQ NitraVis 705 IQ OPTICAL SENSOR FOR NITRATE NitraVis 70x IQ Contact YSI 1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA Tel: +1 937-767-7241 800-765-4974 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ysi.com Copyright © 2017 Xylem Inc. 2 ba76078e03 05/2017 NitraVis 70x IQ Contents Contents 1 Overview . 5 1.1 How to use this component operating manual . 5 1.2 Field of application . 6 1.3 Measuring principle of the sensor NitraVis 70x IQ . 6 1.4 Structure of the sensor NitraVis 70x IQ . 7 2 Safety . 8 2.1 Safety information . 8 2.1.1 Safety information in the operating manual . 8 2.1.2 Safety signs on the product . 8 2.1.3 Further documents providing safety information . 8 2.2 Safe operation . 9 2.2.1 Authorized use . 9 2.2.2 Requirements for safe operation . 9 2.2.3 Unauthorized use . 9 3 Commissioning . 10 3.1 IQ SENSORNET system requirements . 10 3.2 Scope of delivery of the NitraVis 70x IQ . 10 3.3 Installation . 11 3.3.1 Mounting the sensor . 11 3.3.2 Mounting the shock protectors . 13 3.3.3 Connecting the sensor to the IQ SENSORNET . 14 3.4 Initial commissioning . 16 3.4.1 General information . 16 3.4.2 Settings . 17 4 Measurement / Operation . 21 4.1 Determination of measured values . 21 4.2 Measurement operation . 22 4.3 Calibration . 22 4.3.1 Overview . 22 4.3.2 User calibration . 25 4.3.3 Sensor check/Zero adjustment .