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1974 July 11, 1974 University of Michigan Law School

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., R4 I UNIV. OF MI SEP 16197 OF SMICHIGAN GESTAE LAW LIB NOTICES EOO:K:S Res Gestae will begin a "want ads!' section in IN DEFENSE OF YOUTH, by W. Vaughn its next issue. Inc luded will be a "roomma te Stapleton and Lee E. Teitelbaum, is a service," as well as "articles for sale," and 243-page study of the role of counsel other typical sections . This service will be in Americanj uvenile court� analyzing a free. However , due to time limitations the major research effort to probe the effect following criteria are necessitated : of defense counsel performance on the conduct and outcome of delinquency cases . -The service is limited to members of the law $10. Russell Sage Foundation, 230 Park school comm unity and their families ONLY . Av e., New York 10017. -There is a twenty-five word limitation . -The ads must be typed on elite-style type in The following publications are available no greater than a forty space margin. from the Circulation Department, American -Ads should be turned in at the R.G .. office Bar Center . Specify the publication number (102a Legal Research) and must include the on the env�lo�e containing vour order . name1and telephone number where the person placing the ad ma y be reached. LAW SCHOOLS and BAR ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS is the 1973-74 review of legal education in the There will be a short women law United States , pu blished by the Section of students meeting on friday, July 12, Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar . The at noon in the women 's lounge to 60-page pamphlet explains the ABA program of distribute the "women 's pages'' (A Guide law school approva l, lists the bar admi�sion To services in A2). requirements of each state and presents exten- 1 sive tables showing statistical breakdowns on all approved schools . Free. _(1fo6091). ucc PROFESSIONALIZING LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING: The Uniform Comm ercial Code, which ,. sets forth THE FEDERAL EXPERIENCE is an 897 page uniform rules for sa les , credit and other hardbound volume on means of improving commercia l transactions in many states , will the drafting of legislation by the be outlined by leading specialists at a executive branch and improvements of seminar sponsored by the Institute of Con­ drafting standards , organizational re­ tinuing Legal Education (ICIE) . formation of the drafting function, the value of a centralized office of legis­ Titled '�n Introduction to the Uniform lative counsel, safeguards needed to Commercial Code," the program will be pre­ foster good legislative drafting and more. sented July 25-26 at the Hotel St. Regis, Edited by Prof. Reed Dickerson, con­ 3071 West Grand Blvd., Detroit. ICLE is a tributors inc lude Sir Noel Hutton, joint unit of The University of Michigan and Rep . Wilbur Mills (D-Ark .), Harold Leventhal Wayne State University law schools and the and Prof. Charles B. Nutting. $795. (#6000) . .s:tate bar of Michigan. A PUBLISHER 'S MEMO Each article of the code will be outlined, in eluding provisions for sales , bulk transfers, By special arrangement with the Harvard Uni­ documents of title, letters of credit, bank versity Press, Bantam�ooks will publish in deposits, investments securities and secured August an amplified mass market paperback transactions. edition of IMPEACHMENT; THE CONSTITlY.['IONAL. {See BOOKS page two) I. from page one) ' ea rly years as a Virginia militiaman cont1d to (BOOK3 his em ergence as a nationa l leader and :PROBLEMS by Raoul Berger the coun­ ($2.95), diplomat. The noted court room scenes lega l authority on impeachment try's leading and cases he presided over during three and executive privilege. decades as Chief Justice are dramatical� recalled , with full details of decisi.€11111J. New to the Bantam edition is a special pre­ such as Marb ury vs . Madi'son and face by Berger on "High Crimes and Misde­ McCulloch vs . Maryland wh ich changed meanor," plus an epilogue in wh ich Berger ·•titre analyzes the President 's defense strategy. CDurse of American history by establi� th e principle of judicial review, the The latter was published earlier this year in supremacy of the Un ion over th e states , The Yale Law Journal. and th e sanctity of contracts. Hailed by The New York Times as "the best Marshall 's personal life is also por­ book have on the historical origins and we trayed , along with the personalities of meanings of the constitution provision," the his friends and associates--includ ing Berger IMPEACHMENT book is regarded as th e one book essential to und erstanding the Washington, Jefferson and Monroe. crucial issue now before the House Judiciary Leonard Baker's interest in Marshall date$ Committee. The author, Charles Warren Senior Fellow in American Legal History at the Har­ from 1958, when he was a reporter cbveril!J8 vard Law School, explores the tremendous the Supreme Court . He drew upon thou­ power of impeachment , lodged in the Congress. sands of unpub lished papers in the He d.igs into historical sources to arrive at NationalArchives , the Marshall collection at th e College of William and Mary and the meaning of "high crimes and misdemeanors ' " and sheds new light on wh ether impeachment is hundreds of other collections at 60 manu- limited to indictable crimes , plus many other script depositories across th e country legal considerations . for th is first biography of John Marshall in 25 years. IMPEACHMENT; THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS by Baker is also the auth or of BACK TO BACK; Raoul Berger. (B8831. $2.95. Nonfiction. J 416pp.) Pup. Date; August 1, 1974 . DUEL BETWEEN ·FDR AND THE SUPRE ME COURT . JOHN MARSHALL; A Life In Law has been c� (Please note, this review was provided the main selection of the History Book c�• by the pub lisher) the Lawyers Literary Club.

THE COURT vs THE PRESIDENT; ROUND ONE

If Richard Nixon is subpoenaed to testify in the Watergate investigations , th e court will be following a precedent set in 1807 by Chief Justice Marshall. The story of the nation 's first ma jor con­ frontation between a president and the Supreme Court is revea led in an im­ portant new biography, JOHN MARSHALL; A Life In Law by Leonard Baker.

Marshall's dilemma and his historic c:lecision to allow a subpoena for Thomas Jefferson during the Aaron Burr treason trial are vividly recreated by Baker. He also covers the colorful impeachment trial of Samuel Chase, another landmark cas·e with relevance of today's events.

The career of the man who shaped an in­ effectual court into an arm of govern­ ment equal to the Congress and the Presidency is traced from Marshall's 2 Q:ongrrssionalRrcord United States PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES Of THE CONGRESS, S!COND SESSION of America 93 d

Vol. 12d WASHINGTON, MONDAY, MAY 6, 1974 No. 62 House of Representatives

WA,Tl!lROA'l"..!l CHRO : Oval omc� �nven&tlons, ostensibly fqt.;�­ , ' . , A, CHRONOLOGY p "'"' �.. . ·-· rlPlD_;��,ft:,fC:t··-, Vt(A1;ERGATE•. ·; ' Com l d b1- • , · .. ��trrre·�·Deifartm��;��··"-'· .,-,,.�I'Oll.�'R ONS < pi e .to�� nounces decision not to raise milk price - Americans for Democratic Action) . supports. 19811 March 25: Shortly after a meeting between HON. DONALD M. FRASER January 20: :Richard Nixon becomes Prest· Nixon and milk producers, Agriculture De­ OJ' · IIINNI!:SOTA clent. John N. Mitchell ts named at,torney partment announces milk price support In­ IN THE HOUSII OP RBPRBSBNTATIVBS general, H. R. Haldeman becomes White crease. Nixon campaign contributions from House cblef of staJr, and Ronald Ziegler ts the dairy Industry-eventually totaling at MondttJI, MflJI 6, l974 appointed Nixon's press secretary. least $427,5oo-are forthcoming. March: Nixon begins secret bombing of May 3-5: May Day-over 13,000 anti-war Mr. Speaker, when five Cambodia. Mr. PRASER. . demon rators are Illegally arrested In Willlh­ agents of President Nixon's campaign Nixon authorizes Ulegal national st May: " ington, D.C. rtty" wll'etaps on reporters and high were arrested at the.Democratic Nation- . •cu 17 June: Pentagon Papers are publiShed In Committee's Watergate headquarters sovemment oftlctals after leaks of tntorma- the New York Times after being leaked by a1 tlon on and the bombing of Cambodia. on une White H ouse Press c- SALT Daniel Ellsberg. Ntxon directs creationof the J 1 7 • 1 972• Se Auglist: At the request of the White House, White House "Plumbers" group, headed by Ronald Ziegler labe� d the inci- I.R.S. seta u retarr, � the p an "Actlvtst OrganilBatlons :Egll Krogh, Jr., and David Young, to Investi­ dent a third-rate burglary. The Water- Group," later renamed the "Special Service gate the matter. Ehrllchman hires E. Howard gate break-in has since called "the open- Grottp," to crack clown on "extremist orca­ Hunt and G. Gordon. Liddy to Investigate ing act of Qne of America's greatest nilBatlons." Daniel Ellsberg. tragedies." August 1: Justice Department Initiates June 25: Dita Beard. an ITT lobbyist. . agaln1t anti-trust proceedings ITT in con- writes memo lltlklng ITT pledge of t400.000 Watergate has mushroomed into e. po- nectton with an I'IT·Hartford merger. for the Republlcan convention ln Ban Diego Utica! scandal of unprecedented dimen- ·November: John D. Ehrltchman becomes. to favorable settlement of the anti-trust case sions, with allegations, indictments, and Nixon's chief domestic advisor. against ITT. events coming in rapid, bewfidering suc.­ July 23: At Ehrllchman'a request, C.I.A. lt70 Deputy Director Robert Cushman meets with cession. As Congl'e!!ls and the country de­ April 30: Nixon announces l�vaslon of Hunt to pro ide logistical aid and equipment bate· impeachment of President Nixon, v Cambodia. Though U.S. all' st�:lkea begun ln for Hunt's "highly sensitive mission." it is important to clarify our perception March 1969 total 8,875 by May 1970, Nixon July 31: ITT anti-t ust case ts settled of the Watergate kaleidescope. tells the American people n r the u.s. has ot favorably for ITT. moved atalnst enemy sanctuaries in Oam· From this chonology th�re emerges a August: Nixon approves Hunt-Ltddy t�ip of the Nixon administration to California develop Information on clear picture III becomes counsel to to showing flagrant and systematic o a l)fmtel Ellsb�rg. vi l - t�!�/0�:�he President. �a:; . . . . . r:�:=s=7;�·:��&!t;�:en-��==�::�:p·::. t�:: aides, .. 1. . r ica Five days later, Nixon allegeclly re· September: Hired by esidential tiv ities, a b use o f th e e era b ureaucrat ad ls. pro'��; F d 1 JC sc tn his approval. campaign saboteur Donald Segrettl begins machinery and wfilful obstruction of jus- cls September: Pentagon allegedly begins recruiting Nixon supporters to act as spies tice. pilfering of eecret National Security coun- ln Democratic campaigns and to perform "cltrty tricks." The chronology shows that Nixon 11- otl d ocuments, a project which continues 1. September 3: Ellsberg's psychiatric records ega es gan in f or t through .December 197 1 Jiti be 1969• aim05 as DeceiJlber: White Houee forms "Inter- are burglarized tro111 Dr. Lo Plelcllng's soon as he became President, Richard uts agency Evaluation committee" to. serve omce l.h eLoa Ang les. The burglary ta flrianced Nixon began secret bombing of Cambodia easentlally the same purpose as the Huston withNixon campaign money. and authorized illegai.wlretaps on re- 17 Plan, which apparently never ,..ent .tnto October 111: Blll Graham Day, Charlotte, porters and Government oflicl.als. effect. d It also N.C.-The Secrat l!lentce la involVed in wi e- shows consistent White House efforts December 16: Dall'y industry group writes or clvU to spread vlolattona Uberties at observ­ block or impede the course of the Water- letter promising a t2 million contribution to &nMaurice Stans Tbe chronolOIY foUowa: SprlDf: NlaoD btiiDI IIONt titPlDI ol all l'tbi'UIIJ' 16: btlcomes ft· ' 3 nauclal chairman of CREEP and Immediately and comprehenstv11" Investigation since Ken­ April 6: Ql'&y'e nomination as F.B.I . .dU'ec­ begins steppPd-up fund-raising eft"ort.ll . nedy's assassination. tor ta ·wlthdr&wn, and·Nixon-and EhrJlchMMl . February 29 : Columnist Jack Anderson August 29 : Nixon claims all those currently meet wtth Judge Byrne to sound him out·,g breaks story linking favorable settlement of employed In his a.dmlnlstratton h&ve been the vacant F.B.I. post, the ITI' anti-trust case to Nixon campaign cleared of complicity In Watergate by an In· Apr11 14: Ehrllchman, &ccordlng to his own contribution and Implicating Mitchell and ves atlon by John De&n. account, gives Nixon a complete report on -the Kleindienst In the affair. A gust 30 : Nixon says he will not comply Watergate .cover-up. March : White House aide Charles Colson wit �a Democratic suggestion that a special, Aprll l6: Dean, accordlng to his own testi­ writes memo .to Haldeman warning of evi­ non art!san prosecutor Instead ot a Justice mony, tells Nixon- he has gone to the U.S. B'.t· dence which could "directly Involve" the Dt!partnlent attorney be a1 1slgned . to the torney's office to' report the Waterg&te c0J181'· President In the ITI' scandal. Wate rg1he case. up. Nixon, according to Deap, says he··;tlllfd March 1: Mitchell resigns as attorney gen· September 15: Grand jury Indicts James been "joking" when he approved ralsltlf'tl eral to become director of CREEP. W. McCord, Jr., Bernard L. Barker, Prank A. million for the Watergate defendants arid·,.. March 29, 30: Mitchell, Mitchell's aide Fred Sturgis, Eugenio Martinez, Vlrgl11o Gonzales, "foolish" to have discussed executive -� LaRue and Magruder meet In Key Biscayne. E. Howard Hunt, and Gordon. Liddy for their ency with White House counsel ClaaZ!lell Florida, and Liddy's third plan calling for Involvement In the Watergate break-ln. At a Colson. tllegal entry Into and wiretapping of the meeting In the Oval Oftlce, Nixon, Haldeman April 17: Nixon announces there have bMil D.N.C.'s Wa.tergate hea.dquarters Is approved. and Dean discuss Watergate and related mat­ "major nsw developments In the ·;case ." lo\fter April 3: Gulf Resources President Robert ters. The President, according to Dea.n, com­ ten months of assat11ng Wate11*te news stor­ $100,000 Allen contributes to Nixon's cam­ mends Dean on doing a "good job" and says Ies as "fiction," Press Secretary ZeJgler de­ paign, and the E.P.A. subsequently abnndons he Is pleased the Watergate case has "stopped clares past Whtte House l!tatements on a pollution case agall1St Gulf's principal with Liddy." . . Watergate "Inoperati-ve." mining and smelting company. October 10: CREEP dismisses Wa.9hington April 24: White House denies that Water­ · April 6: Hugh Sloan, CREEP finance com­ Post report of a widespread Republican net­ gate defendants were oft"er,edexecutive clem­ mittee treasurer, receives the Allen contri­ work of espionage and sabotage directed ency to plead gullty and remain silent. bution after It has been "laundered" In against Democrats as "a collection of absurd­ April 26 : Jeb Magruder, deputy director of Mexico and gives some of ·this money to Ities." CREEP, leaves the Department of .commerce, ·watergate conspirator G. Gordon Liddy. October 23 : Cl ting Justice Department thereby becoming the first Nixon Admlnls• AprU 7: New disclosure law requiring strict files, Time magazine reports. that Donald tratton oftlclat to resign over the Watergate ftnanclal reporting of campaign contribu­ Segretti was hired by White House aides affairs. · tions takes effect. CREEP has collected $19.9 Dwight Chapin &nd Gordon Strachan and April 27: Gray resigns as acting director million in legal and Illegal campaign con- was paid more than $35,000 by Nixon fund ot the F.B.I. a,tter bejp& Implicated iljl. �- at­ ' �J'Ib\itlons prtor to this !fate; ratser Kalmbach to sat»� ���--o�atgna · '.tempted "W&tetgate ;,6over-up. o.A.o; · tsllues April 10: FJnan�Jiei" ' Robt!r1i Vesco; under of Nixon's Demoeratlc rlt&ls:c- ·.. ·.· ., report · charging Hu Btoan, former NlJ:on· Investigation by the S.E.C. fflr stock fraud, November 7: Rlch&rd Nixon Is re-elected 'W&, campaign finance committee -treasurer, with makes a secret $200,000 contribution to the President In a landslide victory. knowlng�y submitting false financial reports Nlic:on campaign. December : Gray destroys Hunt documents · to the G.A.O. of Federal ·Elections tn May 27: First Watergate break-In and received June 28, 1972. Oftlce violation of the Federal Election · Campaign wire-tapping of the D.N.C.'s headquarters 1973 Act. takes place undetected. Magruder, according JanuarY 8: Trial of Watergate defendants to his own testimony, begins supplying AprU 30: Nixon announces the resignations Barker, Sturgis, Martinez, Gonzales, McCord, Mitchell with copies of information obtained of four of his closest aides : H. R. Haldeman, Hunt and Liddy begins, with Judge John from the wiretaps. White House chief of staff, John Ehrltchman, Slrlcla presiding. June 9: Congress confirms Richard G. chief domestic advisor, presidential counsel January Defendant E. Howard Hunt Kleindienst as attorney general. 11: John Dean, and Attorney General Richard plea.ds guUty. June 17: Second Watergate break -In oc­ Xletndlenst. The President nominates Elliot January 15 : Defendants BO:rker, Sturgis, curs, and live agents of the Nixon campaign ·Richardson as attorney general, glvlng hlm Martinez and Gonzales also plead guilty. are arrested by the Washington, D.C. pollee. full charge of the Admlnlsllration's Watergate June 19 : Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler January 26: CREEP finance committee is Investigation and authority to &ppolnt ·a labels Watergate break-In "a third-rate tlned •8,000 after ple&dlng no contest to Watergate special ·proeecutor. Accepting full burglary." charges of falUng to report to the G.A.O. responslblllty for Watergate, Nixon pledges June 20: Nixon, Haldeman &nd Ehrlich· cash sums given to Liddy by treasurer Hugh that justice will be pursued. "fairly, fully and Sloan. · man, according to the Haltteman memo, meet Impartially, no matter who Is ln'folved.'' January 30: Liddy and McCord are con­ to pl&n & "PR otrenslve" to divert attention May 4: Former campaign treasurer Hulk frQm Watergate. During a telephone conver­ victed for Illegal activities In connection · Sloan �Its that a secret cash funds of $1;<,1 With the Watergate break-ln. sation with Nixon, Mitchell, according to his million. was never reported publicly. own testimony, tells the President that only February 7: Senate Watergate Oommlttee May 9: Plumbers' head EgU Krogh reslfbll the five men arrested at Waterg&te were In­ established by a unanimous vote of the Is under secretary transpor�tton. volved. Senate. as ot NbiOa pledges Attorney General designate June 22 : Referring to the Waterg&te break ­ February 27, 28: President Nixon evinces Rlchtdd• son special prosecutor have._ In,'Nixon says the White House has had "no complete awareness of the Watergate cover• an4 the "wtll total coOperation of the executive b:ranch Involvement whatever"'ln the matter. up and reassures John Dean that he has no � June 23:At Nixon's request, White House legal problems, according to testimony by Investigating the Watergate case." May 10 : Former Nixon cabinet ofllcenJ alclee Haldeman and Ehrllchman meet w-Ith Dean. Mitchell and Stans are Indicated in conn� C.I.A. oftl.clals Helma and Walters to discuss February 28 : Senate hea.rl,ngs on L. Patrick limiting the F.B.I.'s Watergate Investigation. tlon with the Vesco contribution for which Gray for confirmation as permanent P .B.L June 28 : Acting F.B.I. head L. Patrick Gray they allegedly promised to Intercede on be· director begin, and new dleclosures are made .at & meeting with Dean and Ehrlichman, half of Vesco In a stock fraud case. Dean IU, about CREEP officials' efforts to impede tl>e Hunt docum��s .which De�n labels Issues statement reporting efforts underway 1tf.li nn F.B.I.'s W�tJate tnvesttp.t!Qn.. dynamite'' and says "llhodk;f �ver . , . : w J)l:l'l'm'!JI• -� fuuy liDit>'�. '" '1>Qlt t;Jn.J. · March -Attorney General KJelndtei:UJt 3: .e May '8Jrne declares a "m� 11M the light of day." . �� 11-i-:.�!ld(e tlftes he was not pressured to drop the l'l'T govarnrnent. �tsconduct" In the . June Nixon'• attorney Herbert kalm · · due to Pen• 29: antitrust case. bach begins tunneling secret payments ' .to tagon Papers ca.ie'6nd dtsptiSSes all chargea March 13: Nixon, accordlng··to testimony against Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony · Watergate conspirators. Russo. by De('n, says he has appro�ed. executive May 14 : Deputy C.I.A. Director Lt. Vernon July 1: John ]dltchell resigns as Nixon's clemency for Hunt and there will be "no Walters says White -House pressure was put campaign manager after Martha MltcJlell de· problem" raising $1 mlllion to silence Water­ to &sslst the W&tergate cover­ mands publicly that he leave polltlca-and "all on the C.I.A. In gate participants. up. John Dean denies ever having written,. those dirty things that go on." or March 17: Nixon learns of the Ellsberg write the so-called "Dean Re· July 6: Gray calls Nixon to express concern beeri, asked to breakln but does not Immediately disclose port" referred to by Nixon on August over the Interference of White House aides 29, In this to Judge M&tt Byrne, who Is presiding . the F.B.I.'s Watergate lnvestlgatlon, stating, 1972. at the Ellsberg trial. May 16: Press Secretary Ziegler "People on your stat!' are trying to mortally coll!MM . March 21: According to his own &ccount, wound you.'' Nixon tells Gray to press ahead a New York Ttmes report that lnfor� President Nixon first learns of the Watergate for Nixon's August 29, 1972, staternen� -* with the Investigation. . cover-up, "pel'sonally assume (a) responslbll· not come from a briefing by Dean as August 1: G.A.O. begins lnvestlg&tlon of · mtll­ ity for conducting Intensive new lnqulrtes CREEP finances after the nally maintained. Former C.I.A. Dite'trW Washington Post Into the matter," and orders those conduct­ Helma testlftes White House aides reports that a $25,000 Nixon campaign con­ ,Wid ling t;he investigations to report directly to Nixon's n&me In requesting tribution was deposited In the bank account C.I.A. a.ld ln':tlle him. of one of the men arrested at Watergate. Watergate cover-up. 17 : August 26 : G.A.O. Issues first of several re· March 23 : Judge Sirica makes public! a let­ May senate Select committee 'U ter received from McCord which charges Watergate, ch&tred by Ervin poria cltlng Nixon's re-election finance com­ sam (:Q-l'-.0.), · · mittee tor apparent violations of the Federal that perjury was committed at the Water­ begins televised. public hearings; Election Campaign Act of 1971. gate trl&l and that defellllants were pres­ May 18: Attorney General designate ·J!&fdh.o August. 27: CREEP Finance Chairman sured to plead guilty &nd keep sUent. ard8on names Archibald cox as · -� Watergate.prosecutor. Maurice Stana denounces the G.A.O.'il report. March 24 : McCord tells Senate Investiga­ AUtfU&t 28: Attorney General Kleindienst tors that John Dean and Jeb Magruder had May 22: Nixon tor the ftrst. trm.e p� announces the F.B.I.'s Investigation of Water­ advance knowledge of the Watflrgate break admits Wa.tergate cover-QP. efforts r.t ' .._ gate Will be the "most extensive, thorough ln. White House, but dentes personal CDJDPUf.I&J'• The he br n • n he olllce 14 : Prosecutor Ja• cover-up, elalma, was necesaary to the Plumbers' e k l o.t t ot Ella• Pebruary Special Leon " protect national security." berg's payohlatrlst. worlkt r.porta refuaal ot White House to 23 : 1: na d pleada docu• May Elliot Richardson 1.1 conftrmed aa OCtober Do l 8e�ro1-ettt guUty oomply with h1l request fur tapes and a ng engaged l'lf'lal attorney general arter a lona senate de&cl- to h vi in campaign ac• menta relating to hll lnvnttp.tlon . lock over the power.. of the apeclal prose· tlvltlea. J11Cllclary Committee 10: VIce FebrUary 20: HoUle Prealcbnt Asnew reelgns staff study concludes ideDt can be cutor. October tax that a Pl'ell June 14 : Former CREEP after pleading no couteat to income agatnat Deputy Director impeached tor �erlooua oC'eDeea the Magruder testlftee Vlat Mitchell approved evasion. public intere&t wttJiout proof ot crtmlnal the te October 12: Court Appeals .uphold Wa rgate break-In and later partie!- ot s te misconduct. pated In the cover-up. Judge Slrtca's order for Wh i House "tapes. - I 20 : O b r 14: Rep. Jack (D·Tex.) February .25:.NlJ\ 011d � at a. pre•COil• June CREEP finance committee Is fined cto e Broolts aays to be $3,000 the expenditure f $10 n In ferenoe: "I expect lm.peecbec1," for falling to report the Vesco con- o millio public do not funds on NIXon's private residences raises trlbutlon. , Mareh 1: Watergate grand Jury gives Judge 25-29 : 22, questions of propriety.� believed w June Chall'enging Nixon's May "serious SJrlca a aealed JepOrt to deal ith 1973 Dean O be 19 : ek g resolution tapes statement, John testifies the cto r Se in of the Nixon's Involvement in the watergate the makes President was aware of the Watergate cover- controversy, White House the cover-up. " • ' up early 1972. . Stennis Compromise" offer: Sen. Stennis . i as as September 2: 28: liste th March jury indicts se ve · June Senate Watergate Committee (D-Mtss.) will be allowed to n to e Grand n of he can the veracity President !ortner l Houae a� publtshes list of 216 Am ericans on the White tapes so attest to ot Nixon's Wb te Special Pr cutor al.cSes tor particlpation the House "&nemles" list. White House transcripts. ose cam.pa.lgtl In W&•\ John Dean pleads gullty te gate. oover-up : Haldeman, July 6: American Airlines olficlal admits to Cox rejects the offer. r H. a. John ju ice in th Ehrllchman, former Whits having don ated $55,000 in corporate funds to obstruction of st e Watergate John .Mitchell, p s that "others in· use counsel Charles to the NIXon ca.mpalgn after sollcltatlon by cover-up, saying be ho e Bo special ·w. Colson, and accept aide Strachan, Herbert Kalmbach. Subsequently, other cor· volved will also come forward former White House Gordon t eir ompl y " ' b C. porations admit illegal contributions. responsibility for h c icit . former Assistant Attorney General RO er.$ 10: 20: "Saturda.y CREEP Attarney July In testimony before the Senate October Night Massacre": Mardia.n and Kennetb W. �lxon orders the tlrlng of Special W.atergate Committee, John Mitchell denies Rlch�d Parkinson. having approved break-In, ra Richard· the Watergate but Prosecutor cox; Attorney Gene l March 6: Nillon e.ge.in �he_ acknowledges his role In the Genel'a.l Ruckles� onoe lnststs cover-up. son and Deputy Attorney app o clemency or s �u t Nl.li'Dn's never r ved hush July rePQrts that; bau reslg�;�. .rather than · c;.rq · 13; New Yark Times &CI• at rpte { their a.ttornet, Wllt.er� . Soli· the W: e defendants, but ='4foi'. J�. to order: and Colt Is ult1ma:tllly. fJHd by . :that o his March 21, 19'11 . f!01'4J.b4.\ . dlft , ��- t4Pe f ____,,.._,� -���&rker, Stttl'gls, Jtartin&18; -ol:tl'.tr General RObert BOIIIL..'·-:��' __. · . w tneiW ::;'� ami · : ith ·oelil:land H&Td eman ftilght lead to au:� -· ··· "' Gonzalez pleaded guilty to the Watergate October 23 : Yielding to public pressure, a ferent conclusions. break-In because they were promised sup- NiXon agrees to h nd over the tapes. port payments le en y March 12: Press secretary Ziegler suggests and executive c m c by october 30: House Judiciary committee Hunt. President will not the begins Its Impeachment inquiry. the supply House lu• July 16: rprise witness Alexander But- with tapes • Su October 31: N x 's report to Ju g dietary Committee addltlona.I un terfl.eld, former deputy White aide, i on lawyers d e lt oft'enee. Hc>use that of two key til defines an l.mpeaqhable existence of Oval Ofllce l3irica White House tapes discloses the ta.pes. June 20, lr July wa g te Com.m.lttee · presidential conversations--Nixon'S March 18 : Judge S lca rules tl'iat the Wa· 17: Sena.te ter a re 1972 nd quests to conversation· with Mitchell a his tergate gTand jury's secret rep«t BhLeon Jaworski Is named as BC&nd&t. In a. resign because of the Wa.tergate ata.tr, Nixon says, "Let others wallow in wa- special prosecutor to replace Cox. N r 13: White Stephen 2 Government Opera­ tergate, we a.re going to do our job." ovembe House al&ie March 1: A House " tions SubcoiJllltlttee reveals that over the July 23: Cla.lmlng executive privilege," Bull testifies that Nixon knew. about the se es on past tl.ve yea.rs mWion tn Nixon retuses to release the White Hou missing tap September ::Ill, 1973-& $17 government tapes. seilate Watergate Committee decides month before the White House announced funds have been spent on Nixon's San Cle· t ir to IUbpoena. the tapes, and Cox announces he disappearance. mente and Key Blscayne homes. too wW eubpoenas. 14: The of Cox ruled be seek November firing ls March 26: Federal Judge John Blrlca giv es Ill a by U.S. Gerhard July 24 : eg l District Court Judge the House Jmpeachment lnqulry the sealed Ehrllchma11, 111 testimony before Committee, " - GesseJ.!. r por and locked the Senate Watergate cites na 17: e t the br!efcue ot evldenoe . November In respl)nse to newsmen's the tiona! security" as j ustification for White entrusted to him by Watergate grend · p s na finances, Nixon House intelllgence. questions about his er o l 1 .• operations. at am not a. crook." juryMarch July 27: declares Disney World, "I EhrUchman defends the Nixon v 20 : prt 3: The staff of .Tolnt practice No ember Having begun "Operation A l the Commltt&e campaign of spying on opposition Internal Bevenu� T�tiQn finds tbat Candor." Nixon assures Republlcan gover- on can ates w did and states that the President was o es includtng Interest, on not on a g e nors there wm be no more "bombshells." Nixon �'16,431, fully briefed w ter at until April b r through 1972 for 1m- 14, 1973. November 21: White House reveals gap of ack taxes fo 1969 deductions and, ci.pltal lBY. minutes In tape of crucial June 20, 1972 proper fallure to pay July 30: Haldeman testifies that he and .between Nixon d roA . gains taxes: Nixon agrees to pay Nixon are Inn ocent of wrongdoing In the conversation and Mal e n elll�'l'll7 26: Maty plu teres� �a • Watergate affair, . claiming No vember Nixon's secretar,)' .ft�JoE> s in t tbe · they were "mts- Iriter�..!1·�ti )lu.. . , · says. t,hat she have Service due, Lt. _ led" by Dean. . Woeds lt'-N' e�uM4 thll ��� ,1fa& �- I!XIl�·l. lWMoH: . v �,.tor_ - �"31:4---Rep. . h�ap ' 'I!Y-�1.. - _ _@f.. �� jWJahtir,_ )WL :t�� Be l!lclc _ I. - · t · ·1�...... ,:� '<... "Drtnartsb , (P: Mass.) contro pedal te omml tee • bout ...e I � � introduces first Impeachment re lution �k!' 19�72 P n approved by pledge of money for the Republlcan August 2: VIce President Spiro Agnew is November 30 : a el of experts the White begins National Convention. informed he Is under federal Investigation on House and the court ex- am pri , P eskl N ­ charges of bribery, extortion and tax fraud. lning the tape with the missing segment. A l 6: Dwight Cbaptn r ent ix lu ber head Krogh pleads guilty Former P m s' on's former appointments secretary, con­ . August 6: Former F.B.I. head Patrick Gray Is 21, to fede al charges in connection with the victed ot two counts perjury eoncerrrtng teatUI.es he received no orders after March r of repo of Ellsberg break·Ul. hla connection with political sabote'\11' Don· to rt the progres� the F.B.I.'s · · · 18'18, December 6: Congress confirms Gerald ald Watergate investigation directly to the Pres!· Segretti. Ford as VIce President. 1 dent. . April 1 : Judiciary December B.: N x releases hls tax returns The Ootnmittee �otes i on subpoena tapes and. records of more August i4: In response to a federal pros- for the year u s ons 33-:41 to 1969-72. Q e ti ltnmedlately than ecutor'a requellt for his personal records, 40 presldentla.l conversattorus. arise concerning, among other things, the Vice President de of $576,000 !lPril 28.: MaUrtoe Agnew c:IAres, "I have validity a deduction taken !or the John llttcheU and nothing hide." to · donation of Nixon's vice-p residential papers stans ar6 ti)Und Innocent or au chargee re­ August 15: In the to National au address to nation, the Archives. lating to campatp contrtbUtton. Presklent Nixon again .tile �eeco dentes personal com­ ' · 19: Prelsldent turn �lty in Watergate. Citing the need Aprll Jiltxon acrento for con­ . 1974 House �dentlallty of presidential conversations and over to the Judlclal'f Committee ed· January 15: • Electronics specialists ap ited transertpts of aome of d.Ocuments, Nl.xon says he will not turn over the 8UbpoeDMd pointed the conclude the 18'Aa min­ Watergate " l mllh House tapes to either the Senate by court tape reconUnp b e ee and Wblw ute tap gap have ,caused acl. Wat&rpte CoD)Dilttee or the special prose­ e could not been all." cldentally tn the manner suggeste-d by Bose olllce. May 1: � .Yuc!ic1ary cutor•• Mary Woods. · Committee •Qte• August Nl.xon declares press 20-18 to re3ect Nixon's 22: at a. con­ January Judge Slrica 4eUvel'f of e4lte4 18: recommend.s a .t ference, "We must move on from Watergate ttansertpte rather han caplea or tbe 01'11· grand Jury · determine · investigation to inattapes. · to tile business o:r the people," nd ctme ./ . whether i i nts should be brought tor August 29: Judge Slrica issues couk order crlml.nliJ. &qtions tape mJStery, In the ,, llJDe pnstdenttal . ._ for tapes. January 30; his state of trnton 4 Krogh, .In the . September : Young. Liddy and Dle11811ge, Nixon declares : W "ODe Y!lar ' a• ll:brli ue ponnectton , · oi chllum indleted tn wtth tergate Is enough. I " . i . ' '•· . ,.;, . I �· '' if 5 ·t·. ·,, ' 4�� �· , :.t�:'::·iL. .:. :i:.:..d.