October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34947 torney General; to the Committee on the impeachment of Richard M. Nixon; to the investigate whether grounds exist for the Judiciary. Committee on Rules. impeachment of Richard M. Nixon; to the By Ms. ABZUG (for herself, Mr. By Mrs. MINK: Committee on Rules. BADn.Lo, Mrs. BURKE of California, H. Res. 652. Resolution impeaching Rich­ Mr. BURTON, Mr. CLAY, Mr. DELLUMS, ard M. Nixon, President of the United States, Mr. DRlNAN, Mr. FRASER, Mr. HEL­ of high crimes and misdemeanors; to the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS STOSKI, Mr. LEGGETT, Mr. MITCHELL of Committee on the Judiciary. Maryland, Mr. PODELL, Mr. RANGEL, By Mr. MOAKLEY (!or himself and Under clause 1 of rule x:xn, private Mr. STARK, Mr. STOKES, Mr. WALDIE, Mr. BADILLO); bills and resolutions were introduced and and Mr. YOUNG of Georgia): H. Res. 653. Resolution to express the sense severally referred as follows: of the House that there wlll be no action H. Res. 650. Resolution Impeaching Rich­ on the nomination for Vice President untll By Mrs. BURKE of California: ard M. Nixon, President of the United States, such time as the President has complied H.R. 11102. A bill for the relief of Tze for high crimes and misdemeanors; to the with the final decision of the court system Tsun Lee; to .the Committee on the Judi­ Committee on the Judiciary. as it relates to the White House tapes; to ciary. By Mr. KOCH: the Comxnlttee on the Judiciary. By Mr. BURTON: H. Res. 651. Resolution directing the Com­ By Mr. ROE: H.R. 11103. A bill for the relief of Lelia M. mittee on the Judiciary to Inquire into and H. Res. 654. Resolution directing the Com­ Eitz (Dieu Thi Minh Nguyet); to the Com­ Investigate whether grounds exist for the mittee on the Judiciary to inquire into and mittee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WALTER HARNISCHFEGER: A waukee SChool of Engineering. Harnischfeger cutive Committee of the Herbert Hoover GREAT AMERICAN PASSES took a deep interest in this school .and even­ Birthplace Foundation, Inc., West Branch, tually became Chairman of its Board of Re­ Iowa. gents. For many years his generosity and en­ Member of the Advisory Board of Leader HON. H. R. GROSS thusiasm were keystones in the school's Dogs for the Blind, Rochester, Michigan. OF IOWA steady growth. Member of the Board of Trustees and Gov­ Upon the death of his father in 1930, Wal­ ernors of the Menninger Foundation, Topeka, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ter Harnischfeger became President of the Kansas. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 firm and in 1959 became Chairman of the Honorary Chairman of the Board of Re­ Board. gents of the Mllwaukee School of Engineer­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ For many years, Harnischfeger conducted a ing. Formerly Chairman of the Board of ber 21, 1973, the United States lost tireless campaign seeking to encourage a Regents. one of its most distinguished citizens sound fiscal operation in the government. He Member of the Finance Committee of the with the death in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, argued that the public pocket was not bot­ National Association of Manufacturers. For­ of Walter Harnischfeger at the age 77. tomless and that even the government had to mer Director. Free men everywhere are poorer for his conduct it.s affairs in a business-like manner Director of National Economic Council, within its income. He decried "give-away" Inc,. New York, New York. passing. programs, yet he encouraged aid to the un­ Member of the Executive Committee of the Walter Harnischfeger's long and dis­ derprivileged countries of the world through International Section of the New York Board tinguished career as one of this country's sound investment programs which enabled of Trade, Formerly Vice Chairman. most enterprising industrialists spanned the people in those countries to help the.n­ Member of the New York Chamber of a period of more than 60 years from the selves. As a result of this attitude, the Ha.rni­ Commerce. time he began work as an apprentice at schfeger Corporation became international in Member of Omicron Delta Alpha. 10 cents an hour until his retirement as operation with eight overseas manufacturing Trustee of the Pestalozzl Foundation of plant.s making substantial contributions to America, Inc., New York, New York. chairman of the board of the Harnisch­ the economies and welfare of communities Trustee of the United States Inter-Ameri­ feger Corp., one of the Nation's leading in Germany, Japan, Canada, Australia, Chile can Council and Member of the Executive manufacturers of construction equip­ and Brazil. Committee, New York, New York. ment. Mr. Harnischfeger has long been recognized Former Member of the Advisory Commit­ It was my pleasure and privilege to for his Intense interest in people, places and tee of the Federal Reserve Bank-7th Dis­ have known this great American over a current events. He was a world traveler and trict, Chicago, Illinois. period of years and I can say without an avid champion and believer in the rights Former Director and Chairman of the Na­ hesitation that his friendship was one of and dignity of the Individual. tional Affairs Committee of the Milwaukee my most valued possessions. HIS ACTIVITIES INCLUDED Association of Commerce. Member of the Board of Trustees of the Former member of the National Defense He was tireless in his advocacy of the Committee of the United States Chamber o~ sound principle that fiscal sanity must American Enterprise Institute for Public Pol­ Commerce. be practiced by government, just as it icy Research, Washington, D.C. Member of the Board of Directors of the Former Director of the Wisconsin Manu­ must be practiced by prudent individuals American Institute for Foreign Trade, Phoe­ facturers' Association. everywhere. niX, Arizona. Mr. Ha.rnlschfeger served as a Delegate to For those whose lives were not directly Member of the Board of the Milwaukee the Congress of the International Chamber enriched by Walter Harnischfeger, I in­ Chapter of the American Red Cross. of Commerce at Lisbon, Portugal; Vienna, clude for insertion in the RECORD at this Tustee of America's Future, Inc., New Austria; Naples, Italy; and Copenhagen, point a brief biography: Rochelle, New York. Denmark. BIOGRAPHY OF WALTER HARNISCHFEGER Member of the Board of Directors of the Mr. Speaker, one who knew him well, Boys• Clubs of America, New York, New York. Mr. Eugene F. Rinta, executive director Walter Harnischfeger was born in 1895, the Former National Chairman and Honorary son of Henry Harnischfeger, one of the two Chairman of the Citizens Foreign Aid Com­ of the Council of State Chambers of co-founders of the Harnischfeger Corpora­ mittee, Washington, D.C. Commerce, wrote as follows to members tion. Member of the Advisory Board of the Com­ of the Council on Mr. Harnischfeger's He began his business career in his fa­ mittee for Constitutional Government, New death: ther's firm as a ten-cent-an-hour appren­ York, New York. STATEMENT OF MR. EUGENE F. RINTA tice at the age of 16. After serving several Member of the Federal Finance Committee years as an apprentice in the shop, engi­ Many of you knew "W. H." as an active of the CouncU of State Chambers of Com­ member of the Council's Federal Finance neering, estimating, and service depart­ merce. Formerly Chairman of the Commit­ ments, he became a salesman and began a Committee and a regular attendee at the tee for Constitutional Government, New Council's annual meetings until just a few series of assignments requiring extensive York, New York. travel throughout the United States and years ago when his health began to fall. A Member of the Federal Finance Commit­ few of you know that he was the first Chair­ abroad. From that time on, Walter Harnisch­ tee of the Council of State Chambers of Com­ feger was a ceaseless world traveler and man of our Federal Expenditures Subcom­ merce. Formerly Chairman of the Committee mittee and that, ever since the Council be­ a perceptive student of industry and poli­ on Federal Expenditures. tics in many quarters of the globe. came active in national affairs after World Member of the Board of Directors of the War II, he wa.s one of the most active and Largely self-educated, Harnischfeger ac­ Far East-America Council of Commerce and quired some formal education by attending loyal participants and supporters that the Industry, Inc., New York, New York. Council has ever had. night school during his apprentice years. This Member of the Greater Milwaukee Com­ led to an interest in "learn-whlle-working" I, personally, have had the privilege of mittee for Community Development. association and friendship with Walter Ha.r­ educational Institutions, such as the MU- Member of the Board of Trustees and Ex- nischefeger for almost 25 years, not only 34948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 during our committee meetings but more so issued to honor the college. I feel this for their country are forgotten. It is a rare during innumerable luncheons and dinners request is worthy of favorable considera­ opportunity indeed, for me-or for any offi­ with only a few, if any, others present. To me cer in the United States Army-to be able tion in light of the following facts. to talk directly with so many people about he was much more than an eminently suc­ Hunter College was the first institute cessful industrialist, of which this nation has their Army-our Army. I appreciate this many. He was the most public-spirited citi­ to offer free higher education for women. chance to tell you how I see the Army today, zen I have known. He did not favor causes In addition, it was the first public in­ and how it fits into the world picture. commonly characterized as the "do-gooder" stitution to establish a free kindergarten The environment today 1s a difficult one approach. Instead, he was a vigorous advo­ in the United States. for the country's security. The word "de­ cate of government fiscal policies and other Hunter College throughout its long tente" has gained some currency. measures designed to produce sound eco­ "Detente" is expressed by some as a fact. and illustrious history has always been It is applauded by others as a policy. nomic growth with stable prices to the bene­ in the forefront of civic, community, and fit of all. It is saluted by still others as a new era. Through his extensive travels on all con­ even international life. Without a doubt, And it provides the basis---et least the tinents, he many years ago became aware of Hunter College's single most distin­ semantic basis--for some who would reduce the futility and waste of our foreign aid pro­ guished honor was its being chosen as mllitary ca.pabllities to what I believe would grams. Typically, he let his views be known the first seat of the United Nations dur­ be a dangerous level, some who desire that and he testified on numerous occasions be­ ing the first days of the world body's ex­ we withdraw out of hand large numbers of fore Senate and House committees respon­ istence. Hunter College has made its in­ troops deployed in Europe against very real sible for the annual foreign aid bills. Simi­ and very capable opposing forces, and some fluence felt in the community as well as whose philosophies discourage young men larly, he has consistently called for elimina­ with the establishment, by their alumni tion of wastes in defense and domestic non­ and women from serving their country in its defense spending and for better overall association of the Lenox Hill Neighbor­ Armed For~s. spending control. hood Settlement House and Northrop I think it's fair to say that we may be en­ A tribute that well describes W. H. was ex­ Camp for underprivileged children. .)Oying the beginnings of detente-but we do pressed in January 1960 by his good friend, Hunter College also points with pride not have world peace. For some people, the the late former President Herbert Hoover. Mr. to her distinguished list of alumni. In­ fact that we, ourselves, are not at war may Hoover said: be peace enough. But unless we can lessen cluded on this impressive list is my col­ the threat of war everywhere in the world, "I have enjoyed the friendship of Walter league from New York, Ms. BELLA Harnischfeger over many years. we cannot have a stable, durable peace in "He is one of the most sturdy of Ameri­ Auzuc, as well as Bess Myerson, former which we can depend. cans. He has built up a large enterprise from consumer affairs commissioner for the Detente is an idea, a perception of inten­ the grass roots in true American fashion. He city of New York. The alumni list of tions among countries. As such, it is not an has a great knowledge of our foreign rela­ Hunter College reads like a veritable objective fact. It can change as quickly as tions from frequent study on the ground in "Who's Who" of prominent individuals in perceptions change. But we must deal in nations abroad. He has devoted a large part all major professions. facts-in the reality of power, of capabllity, of his fortune to charity and the promotion of strength-when we are addressing the Na­ In light of these significant credentials, tion's security. We should not cast off the of public welfare. I recommend that they write to the Citi­ "In sum, Walter Harnischfeger is the Un­ dream of peace-God help us if we lost that common Man which the American way of life zens Stamp Advisory Council and urge vision. We should not ignore the hope that creates." them to issue this commemorative possible detente offers, and all the benefits Truly the nation has lost a great citizen stamp. Hunter College has provided it could bring to mankind. But neither and the Council has lost a great friend. quality education for over 100 years, and should we lose sight of the real threats and the issuance of this stamp would be a the real dangers where they exist, and of our Mr. Speaker, me the most fitting need to be prepared for them. to fitting tribute to the unique contribu­ epitaph Walter Hamischfeger is one We do not have world peace. We do not to tions and historic firsts this institution he might well have written himself. It have peace in any Utopian sense. Nor do we has made to the educational history of goes like this: have peace in the down-to-earth sense of a the United States. greatly lessened need for our mllitary forces. Life did not pass me by. Yet, today, less than a year after the last I passed by it. U.S. ground combat forces were brought Fully aware that my place only filled the VETERANS DAY CELEBRATION IN space left by someone before me, and that home from Southeast Asia, our Army is less BIRMINGHAM than half the size it was at the peak of our it would be filled by another after I was effort there. We are many divisions smaller, gone. My purpose, whlle here, was to take the and we have fewer weapons. These are in place given me, to fill it with what I could HON. BILL NICHOLS the facts and realities of our capabllity. to help my family, my friends, my country OF ALABAMA It is also interesting to observe that we and my company. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are the only major power to have reduced To you who might fill my space when I am our forces in Europe in the past decade. The gone I say . . . do what your conscience Wednesday, October 24, 1973 Warsaw Pact nations, and the Soviet Union itself, have not reduced their forces. The dictates, say what your mind belleves, in­ Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, at Amer­ fluence favorably those whom you meet, and fact is, in past years, the Warsaw Pact forces ica's largest Veterans Day celebration have grown steadlly and at a rather impres­ accept the fact that you are mortal. Mourn in Birmingham, Ala., on Monday, Gen. my passing only to the extent that my pass­ sive rate. Again, possible detente-but not ing by influenced you. And, after you have Creighton W. Abrams gave a speech that assured peace. And again, the delicate bal­ briefly mourned, move on. captured the feelings of the American ance between hope-human hope-and public toward the country's role in pre­ reality. serving world peace. In my period of service, which includes the span of three wars, I can tell you that I REQUEST FOR COMMEMORATIVE General Abrams, long recognized as don't need or want any more war-but then STAMP one of the finest members of our mili­ I could have made the same statement a tary service, supported the feelings of month after I arrived in Europe in 1944. No­ detente that the Government has estab­ body in his right mind welcomes war, espe­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI lished with other world powers. He did cially those who have seen it. The carnage, OF NEW YORK not stop here though but further ex­ the destruction, the pain are beyond telling. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But the less prepared we are, the more wish­ plained that to keep a lasting peace we ful our thinking, the greater the costs of Wed~esday, October 24, 1973 must keep a strong military to protect war when it comes. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the United us from coercive threats. I came into the Army in 1936. Where I was, States during the course of history has I submit General Abrams' speech to we were a. horseback and rl.fle Army in a coun­ the RECORD for I feel the remarks merit try that was still largely convinced that we been proud of its achievements of pro­ couldn't have another World War. The idea ducing the highest level of educational the reading of all Members of Congress: that we had ended the possibility of war at excellence among its citizenry. The rea­ ADDRESS BY GEN. CREIGHTON W. ABRAMS, CHIEF Versailles blinded many of us to reality. We son for this is partially due to the high OF STAFF, U.S. ARMY, WORLD PEACE LUNCH­ had heard that there was a German Army, but caliber of our institutions of higher edu­ EON, BIRMINGHAM, ALA., MONDAY, OCTOBER we ignored the facts in our desire for peace­ cation. One of the foremost leaders in 22, 1973 until we were forced into action. And you this field has been Hunter College of It is a pleasure for me to be here, among know what happened. We did not prepare. so many people who have come together to When we could no longer avoid it, we got New York. honor our veterans. It is especially gratifying thrown into a huge war in Europe-unready, Hunter College has submitted a re­ at a time when it sometimes seems that in ill-trained in many respects, saved only by quest to the Citizens Stamp Advisory the heat of debate and discussion about our distance and the time bought by our Allies.. Council to have a commemorative stamp policies, the sacrifices of those who fought efforts. In the Pacific, we have Pearl Harbor- October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34949 and Bataan to remember for our compla­ ourselves to the task of preparing for war ished. For the person once convicted, these cent outlook. The cost was dreadful. In Eu­ if it comes, of being ready to meet the chal­ opportunities are often extinguished alto­ rope, in Africa, in the Pacific we paid and paid lenge of war before it is upon us, we shall be gether. and paid again-in lives and in blood-for achieving the real peace that men everywhere The potential for injury is magnified by our unpreparedness; we paid for our insist­ can understand, and that nations everywhere the very real possiblllty that a person's rec­ ence that because our shores were not under can respect. Oth~r men have given greatly of ord wlll be inaccurate or misleading. One­ direct attack, we were at peace. themselves for this peace. We cannot let them third of the FBI's records are incomplete When that war ended, we erased history down. because local courts and police agencies have again. failed to submit the final disposition of the When the Korean War broke out, our situ­ charge. Why the FBI continues to broadcast ation was not much d11ferent than it had GIVING THE COMPUTER A records it knows are inaccurate remains a been in the opening days of the Second World CONSCmNCE mystery. War. We were not prepared. We were not Even more disturbing, many people who adequately trained. We were not adequately have never been associated with a crime will equipped. But we entered the war rapidly, HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III find their names on record. The local crime throwing half-ready units in to buy time for OF PENNSYLVANIA computer in Kansas City, Missouri, for ex­ the Army to get ready. And a.ga.in, during IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ample, contains the following questionable those early days in Korea, we paid dearly categories of information: local and national for our unpreparedness with our most pre­ Wednesday, October 24~ 1973 intelligence subjects, college students known cious asset: the lives of men. Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, the mush­ to have participated in disturbances, per­ The monuments we raised to heroism and sons with a history of mental lllness, persons sacrifice in each of these wars are really rooming data banks that will store law suspected of shoplifting, persons who have surrogates for the monuments we owe our­ enforcement information on over 50 mil­ confronted or opposed government officials. selves; monuments for our blindness to real­ lion Americans pose an obvious threat Thus, an individual who has merely sought ity, for our indifference to real threats to to their civil liberties. Doubtless, we are medical treatment or appeared "suspicious" our security, for our determination to deal beginning to see evidence that data may find himself in files labeled "criminal in intentions and perceptions, and for our justice information." The slipshod standards wishful thinking about how war could not banks, unguarded and uncontrolled, can corn.e. cause embarrassment or even severe eco­ in Kansas City are especially disturbing, be­ nomic hardship to individuals in this cause the system was built up during the In this period of possible detente-not real tenure of police chief Clarence M. Kelley­ peace, but possible detente-we are opposed country. who is now director of the FBI. by formidable strength. We face, at various The current issue of Harper's maga­ In the past, the inefficiencies of traditional places around the world, strong and capable zine carries a provocative article on the record-keeping gave individuals at least some adversaries, becoming stronger all the time. dangers of data banks by J. Taylor De­ hope of escaping their past and starting These are facts. As our relations throughout the world improve, we should consider that Weese. A native of my own Pittsburgh a fresh life. Records scattered across the we have more and more to gain by preventing and a distinguished young attorney now geographic landscape were lost, buried, or another war, and there is only one way I working in Philadelphia, he is also a simply inaccessible. A person had a second know of to do that. The only way that really member of the Federal Advisory Com­ chance-if only by default. ever has worked is for us to maintain our mittee on Data Banks. ''Tate," who has Today, the growing network of computer own strength, our capability and our own record repositories guMantees the immortal­ been helpful in answe&g a number of ity of past charges, offenses, and suspicions. resolve to defend our security, our freedom, my questions on this subject, suggests and those of our Allies. The data banks wlll become a kind of pr'is­ And so for the Army today, this means that we control the computer and give on-a "record prison"-as the computer with we must be ready, prepared to stand for our it a conscience in order to protect the its indefatigable memory and its instan­ country. Insuring that the Army is prepared rights of our citizens who become in­ taneous recall locks many into their status is my most fundamental duty, and it is the volved with law enforcement agencies. I as criminal offenders and walls them off from Army's mission today, as always. respectfully insert the reprinting of the the rest of society. For the record prisoner For the Army to be prepared, we must look article, which follows: there is no possibility of parole or time off beyond the countable, measurable indicators for good behavior, and no hope of release. of preparedness. We must look to a spirit of GIVING THE COMPUTER A CONSCIENCE To avoid this scenario, we cannot and need preparedness. A "ready" spirit is a precious (By J. Taylor DeWeese) not pull the plug on the computers. Ironi­ commodity for our Army: it gives credib111ty Two of every five American males will be cally, the same technology that magnifies the to our strength. And by our credible strength arrested on a nontramc charge at some time potential for abuse offers some opportunities we assure our friends and deter our enemies in their lives. For urban residents, it's three to safeguard individual rights. Computers in the interests of peace. out of five; for blacks, four out of five. A can be programmed to forget as wen as to We hold and nurture and support this pre­ Presidential Commission on Law Enforce­ remember. Complex schemes for expunging cious spirit everywhere in the Army-and we ment estimates that at this rate some 50 names that would have taken hundreds o! anxiously look for it elsewhere in the coun­ million Americans will have criminal arrest clerks thousands of man-hours to accomplish try. For this spirit of readiness cannot be sus­ records by the end of the decade. can easily be programmed into the computer tained by the Army alone. It must have its When they are arrested, their names will be and performed automatically in a matter o! roots in the rest of the country, or it cannot sent to a local data center, then forwarded seconds. Codes and passwords can be built survive. There must be clear evidence to the FBI computer at the National Crime into modern data systems to prevent un­ throughout the country that we, as a Nation, Information Center (NCIC) in Washington. authorized access. The computer's memory are prepared, that we have the spirit and will There, the record will be encoded on mag­ can be compartmentalized so that users with do what is necessary to defend the country, netic tape and fed into a data bank that the right password can get certain informa­ and to insure its well-being. We must hear can be instantaneously accessible to employ­ tion but not other portions of the data. In the people express their determination: ers, police, courts, and credit bureaus at the short, the National Crime Information Center To support the efforts of their Army, push of a button on any of some 40,000 re­ can be programmed to police itself. To meet the needs of the country, mote-access terminals scattered across the Effective controls on the computer must And to avoid the terrible costs of being country. A "criminal" record for each person address the threshold issue. Namely, certain prepared too late or not at all. remains in the system forever--even if the classes of personal information-because of The spirit of preparedness must resound charges are dismissed, or the matter is re­ their questionable value to law enforcement so that any potential enemy can discern it, ferred to the juvenile courts, or the con­ their private nature, and their potential fo; and can see that he cannot set out on a victed offender is fully rehabilitated. harmful misuse--should be excluded out­ cheap adventure at our expense. The Federal Law Enforcement Assistance right from data banks. Legislation should We cannot do this from the reclining posi­ Administration has spent nearly $90 million prohibit the inclusion of political survP.il­ tion. We cannot say, "If you start something to create more than one hundred local data lance data in the NCIC or its federally funded with us, we will spring to arms,'' for there banks. The FBI began feeding criminal his­ counterparts at the state and local levels. will be too little time to begin to get ready. tories into its computer last year, and hopes The retention of such information has a We must be far more committed, far more to have the entire national network of local chllling effect on the full expression of First dedicated, far more prepared than that. data centers operational by 1975. Amendment political rights. Each time we have faced major war un­ The mushrooming data banks that will The data banks should be permitted to prepared, we have barely gotten ready in store law-enforcement information on over collect and disseminate only information or time, a.nd the costs have been atrocious a.nd 50 million Americans nose an obvious threat a.n official nature. Ra.w, unverified intelli­ a disgrace to this Nation. With the support to civil liberties. For, despite the presumption gence data and informant reports should be of the people of this Nation, we should not of innocence written into the Constitution excluded. Simllarly, all medical information, have to pa.y that price a.ga.in. and the Judeo-Christia.n doctrine of redemp­ including records of mental health treatment I have faith in this country, and its people. tion, a. person once accused of a crime 1s a.nd narcotics rehabilitation, should be And of course, I have faith in our Army. We permanently relegated to second-class citi­ prohibited. have met challenge upon challenge, at home zenship. His chances of gaining lawful em­ Official criminal justice information should and overseas, in ways that only a. Nation of ployment, credit, insurance, education, and exclude all data. on youth arrests and juve­ great spirit could have met them. If we set community acceptance are greatly dimin- nile court proceedings as well as lower-level 34950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 brushes With the law, such as vagrancy, use. Manual record-keeping often made ef­ We wish that something could be done to drunkenness, traffic violations, and disorderly forts to regulate use meaningless. Files improve all mall service. conduct. marked "sealed" or "for official use only" af­ Sincerely, All information that is retained should be ford the individual little real protection. BARTON G. WELLBORN, carefully screened for accuracy and periodi­ Computers offer new safeguards. Think of ELIZABETH WELLBORN. cally "cleansed" to remove stale data. The the data base of a computer's memory as a precise provisions of any scheme will gen­ tree with data leaves on its Tarious branches. erate considerable controversy and will be Data of varying sensitivities can be stored in the product of debate and compromise. different leaves. As a user passes through the IS THE DOOR CLOSED? Therefore, the following suggestions are de­ hierarchy of memory, the computer can run signed merely to illustrate the principles at an automatic check on the user's security work in striking a balance between the inter­ clearance to determine if he is authorized HON. E. G. SHUSTER ests of law enforcement and those of the to proceed into that area. of the memory OF PENNSYLVANIA individual. bank. For instance, the computer could be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In determinJ.ng the length of time data programmed to grant outsiders access to should be stored, it would be helpful to dif­ conviction data while denying them arrest Wednesday, October 24, 1973 ferentiate between the two categories of information. Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, the users: "insiders" and "outsiders." "Insiders·• To help ensure observance of the insider­ tragedy of the Vice President has evoked are law-enforcement officials using the sys­ outsider distinction, all criminal data sys­ criticism and shock, sympathy and dis­ tem for strictly law-enforcement purposes-­ tems should be under the control of a. dis­ illusionment, from every strata of our so· the solution of a specified crime. setting ball, interested agency that is neither an inside determinJ.ng a sentence. "Outsiders" are nor an outside user of criminal records. ciety. Indeed, such emotions are justified, licensing agencies, employers, credit bureaus, The FBI is definitely not a disinterested but the real tragedy may not yet be un­ insurance companies-those who are inter­ agency, and its indiscriminate data collec­ covered. ested in a person's past as a predictor of tion has received so much detailed criticism The real tragedy may be those young, present character. that one state--Massachusetts-refused to talented, and aspiring public servants When an individual suspected of a crime become part of the National Crime Informa­ who may choose to drop out of public life 1s apprehended by the pollee, a record of his tion Center. This decision cost Massachusetts rather than be subjected to constant arrest would be entered in the data system. dearly in lost federal funds, but state officials However, it should be sealed to "outsiders'' nevertheless resolved not to participate in a pressures by their financial supporters. and disseminated only to law-enforcement system with such a loose regard for indi­ The real tragedy may be those candi­ users. vidual rights. They recognized a. principle dates who cannot afford to finance a If the individual has no previous convic­ that should apply to all computer crime net­ campaign and who have to rely on the tions and 1s acquitted of the present charge, works--that unproven accusations, ancient contributions of their supporters, for the arrest record should be sealed to all transgressions long since expiated by respon­ such contributions may dwindle quickly users after a probationary period of two sible conduct, and inaccurate and misleading rather than undergo constant and years. If the individual is convicted of a new information should not be indiscriminately threatening scrutiny. crime during the probation period, his pre­ broadcast under governmental auspices. vious arrest would become a permanent part The reality of the modern computer closely Our political system has suffered a jolt. of his record for law-enforcement use. How­ resembles the heartless nature of Omar But we cannot allow the quality of gov­ ever, only the conviction portion of his rec­ Khayyam's Movinl Finger which, "having ernment to suffer as a result. Steps must ord would be disseminated to outsiders. writ,/Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit/ be takett to insure that each and every Likewise, if the individual had a previous Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, 1 Nor qualified candidate for public ofil.ce be conviction, the record of his arrest would all thy Tears wash out a word of it." ·Like given the same opportunity, the same be permanently retained for law-enforce­ the Moving Finger, computers lack the in­ chance to be elected. herent abllity forget, to forgive, to under­ ment use, but the nonconviction portion of to Speaker, the Altoona Mirror, a his criminal history would be sealed to stand. Mr. outsiders. By giving the computer a conscience, we daily newspaper in my congressional dis­ In short, all arrests not resulting in con­ can give many more Americans a chance for trict with a circulation of approximately viction would be sealed to employers, li­ a fresh start and a new life. 36,000, has recognized this manifestation censing agencies, and other outsiders. If an of the Vice President's tragedy, and had individual had no previous convictions and an excellent editorial in the October 20, had a clean record for two years following ARE POSTAL CHANGES FOR THE 1973, issue. I insert at this time the edi­ his arrest, his arrest record would be sealed BE'ITER? torial in the RECORD, so that all may to all ,users. If his record was clean for four share in the remarks of this enlightened years, the arrest record would be expunged altogether. HON. BILL ALEXANDER newspaper: Is THE DOOR CLOSED? In response to such schemes, law-enforce­ OJ' ARKANSAS ment officials may contend that the reten­ Is the door to high public office now closed tion of an arrest record serves the legitimate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the sons and daughters of the poor, the needs of law enforcement even when the in­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 middle class and even the moderately well-to­ dividual has no previous conviction. There do citizens of the United States? Is the lock is some support for this contention. Ac­ Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, no to that door contrived so that only the golden quittal means only that the defendant was example better illustrates the truth of key of the multimillionaire will open it? Has not proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. the saying that not all changes are for the party that has always claimed to be most It can result from the death of a single wit­ the good than the actions of our Postal interested in the poor, the working people, ness or the lllegal seizure of evidence. With Service. I would like to share with my the minority groups now adopted the theory this in mind, the drafters of remedial legis­ colleagues at this point a letter from two that only the very, very rich have the right lation should consider including a provision to select from their own group those who are allowing the pollee to make application to a of my constituents commenting on the to head this nation? federal court for an order authorizing the mail service between their city in east· The persecution as well as the prosecution continued maintenance of an arrest record ern Arkansas and the State university of Spiro T. Agnew as vice president of these for law-enforcement purposes. This relief in the extreme western portion of the United States raises these serious questions. should be exceptional and should be granted State: Are those who proclaim themselves as lib­ only in those cases in which the petition has HELENA, ARK., erals really liberal in the ordinary sense of substantially shown the existence of special October 17, 1973. the word? Or are they more interested in circumstances. In the case of the individual Hon. Wn.LIAM ALEXANDER, building an autocracy in this nation than in who has never been convicted of a crime, the House Office Building, preserving it as a democracy? How long can possibility that arrest data wlll be leaked to Washington, D.O. they fool so many people into thinking that outsiders warrants the sealing and ultimate DEAR CONGRESSMA.N; We are writing to in- those who possess great material wealth are destruction of nonconvlctlon records in the form you of the poor mall service from the only ones fitted for high office? absence of exceptional circumstances. Helena to other points in Arkansas. Our son The son of the hard-working but poor Arrest records are only one dimension of is a student at the Univ. of Ark. at Fayette­ Greek immigrant possessed a real political the problem. Programs should also be de­ ville and it takes two days for a letter to talent. It might have been buried forever signed for expunging the records of con­ reach him from Helena. The reason for this if some of his friends had not encouraged victed first offenders and of offenders with 1s that all mall leaving Helena 1s sent to him with gifts of money and influence, for multiple convictions, although the proba­ Memphis Where it is resorted and then sent even the smaller political omces are won by tionary periods should be must longer. to points in Arkansas. We do not have direct campaigns, and campaigns need money. Not The thoughtful application of computer mall service from Helena to Little Rock .all polltical contributions are made in the technology will also help preserve distinc­ which we did have up until a few months expectation of getting favors in return for the tions between authorized and unauthorized ago. donations. Sometimes friends and neighbors October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34951 just like to see a. young politician get ahead The youngsters say they sang not only The United States spent years trying in his chosen profession. in scheduled concerts, but in restaurants to force the South Vietnamese to sit As the young politician rises in stature and and hotel lobbies and even while walking the jobs become larger, the costs of getting down at the conference table with their elected also rise. Corporations are forbidden down the street during their sightseeing adversaries. Additional months were to give campaign contributions, but orga­ tours. spent quarreling over the shape of the nized labor groups are not. Neither are those Their joy and enthusiasm were contagious table. For years Israel has been actively millionaires to whom the big political contri­ to the Romanian people. seeking to sit down and negotiate all dif­ bution is merely "pocket money." Fund-rais­ Mrs. Margaret c. Bowen, LaSalle music ferences with its adversaries. ing for candidates is usually turned over to It is no secret that South Vietnamese people who have the ability to raise funds, teacher, says of her group: and candidates are not always aware of the Wherever we went people stopped to watch officials pocketed millions of dollars in ways by which such funds are raised. or join in our activities. U.S. economic aid. Aid to the Israelis has "The new morality" seems to suggest that meant the draining of swamps, the build­ the candidate is responsible for everything The Madrigal Singers were born about ing of factories and the resettling of ref­ that happens in his campaign. They seem 3 years ago as an extracurricular, after­ ugees in desert areas which were barren to forget that most candidates spend all school activity. The students raised funds for a thousand years. their strength and thought in the campaign for their trip through donations from There is one last reason why Ameri­ itself. They exhaust their physical energy area corporations and individuals, com­ cans know that Israel is different from shaking hands, making speeches, rushing munity concerts, sales of bumper stick­ Vietnam. They know a Vietnamese na­ hither and yon to "meet the people," but ers and buttons, ratHes, and a dinner somehow they are supposed to .also know all tion will survive regardless of the out­ dance. come of the war in Southeast Asia If that is going on in the other campaign to I applaud and thank the Madrigal raise funds for them and for their party. Israel loses its war, it would be the end "The new morality" can forgive a man Singers: Marlisa Bach, Sherry Brothers, of the Israeli nation. whose companion drowns while he escapes Cynthia Conmy, Robert Crouch, Susan from the same car and "forgets" to report Fallon, Barbara Gruver, Hillard Harris, the accident until all hope for the trapped Wayne Heck, Majorie Horne, Mary Ellen companion is gone. He can escape questions Illig, Matthew Keller, William Potter, ACTION ON THE GEOTHERMAL at an inquest. He can escape questions when Suzanne Ranchil, Linda Reisig, Lois FRONT he is reelected to high public office. His fam­ Stipp, and William Woods. Uy has money. Also, those who accompanied them de­ We do not condone the buying of political serve praise: favors. Neither do we think a government Mrs. Bowen, Miss Judith Ottaviani, HON. CRAIG HOSMER expenditure of tax money to finance elec­ OP CALIFORNL\ tions would be a safe way to insure fair elec­ the Rev. Vincent Verrastro, Terence tions. We do not believe that big unions Brown, and Bonnie Milburn. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES should contribute great sums of money to Wednesday, October 24, 1973 buy influence at all levels of government from dues extracted from the working peo­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, 3 years ple. We do believe that all those who cherish ISRAEL IS NOT VIETNAM a~o Congress passed and the President real democracy, who want the door open for signed the Geothermal Steam Act of men of talent, should reexamine their own 1970. This act authorized the Secretary capacity to give money and effort toward the HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN of the Interior to identify and lease Fed­ election of those in whom they believe. OF FLORIDA eral lands with a known or potential Isn't it about time our two great polltical IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES geothermal promise. It was an important parties quit name-calllng, mud-slinging and first step in the development of this re­ character assassination .and get back to Wednesday, October 24, 1973 source. clear-cut political objectives that define the party stand on leading questions? Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ Tuesday a second important step was Keep the door open for those whose talents dent has requested that the Congress taken in this regard: The Department for political leadership outweigh the cir­ authorize emergency security assistance of the Interior released a massive final cumstances of their birth. for Israel. environmental impact statement, as re­ There are many reasons for American quired by section 102(c) of the National support for Israel and for the judgment Environmental Policy Act. The thrust of that Israelis different from South Viet­ the impact statement is that the devel­ MADRIGAL SINGERS nam. opment of geothermal energy is not with­ South Vietnam is a military dictator­ out some environmental consequences ship where opposition politicians and re­ but that these impacts are not intoler~ HON. HENRY P. SMITH III ligious leaders are jailed and newspapers able and in some cases far less severe OF NEW YORK critical of the government are sup­ than those of competing energy sources pressed. Israel is a democracy with strong IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I think it is important to note that opposition parties and freedom of speech. the Department took a full 3 years to Wednesday, October 24, 1973 In Southeast Asia, the fighting was draw up implementation plans and to Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, Vietnamese versus Vietnamese. Israel is study the environmental ramifications in these times of international tensions, the victim of attacks across recognized cease-fire lines by military forces of other involved in the exploratory development it is encouraging to hear of efforts to of this vital new resource. This was long­ dispel the image of the "ugly Ameri­ nations and other peoples. can" and promote good will. The South Vietnamese Government er than I had thought it should take. Sixteen boys and girls from my dis­ asked for U.S. troops from the beginning But in a very real sense, this time-con­ trict, calling themselves the Madrigal of their war and Americans did most of suming yet necessary process shows us Singers of LaSalle Senior High School, the heavy fighting there for a number that the Depa:r:tment and the adminis­ toured Romania for 3 weeks this summer. of years. In four wars, Israel has never tration are firmly committed to the idea Recently, the supervisor of music for asked for American troops. It has proven that we can, must, and will meet the Niagara Falls public schools, James E. it is wllling and able to fight its own wars. energy demands of the years ahead with Bu:ffan, received a letter from Charles Our effort in the Middle East is limited a balanced concern for the many envi­ Abdoo, president of American Youth Per­ to counterbalancing Soviet arms sent to ronmental equities involved. The many forms, Inc., sponsors of the tour. the area. In Vietnam, the mistake was departmental officials who took part in sending American troops, in addition to It is obvious that the small group of Mad­ this effort deserve thanks and respect rigal Singers from Niagara. Falls has won the equipment, while the Soviets and the hearts of the Romanian people. Chinese were supplying only equipment. for their diligent efforts. In Vietnam, American psychological It is now time to proceed with a meas­ Mr. Abdoo said: warfare experts felt it was necessary to ured and considered program to develop And, this tour probably did more to ce­ launch sp(lcial campaigns to win "the what could eventually be a vital corner­ ment better relations between the United hearts and minds" of the South Viet- stone of the energy sector. Geothermal States and Romania than anything that has happened to date. namese people to the cause of their gov­ energy offers much to those wlth the We were glad to sing for anyone who asked ernment. There is no such problem in vision and wherewithal to grasp its im­ us. Israel. plications. 34952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 FINEST EAGLE SCOUT IN THE siders the role of a. physician "as a very SPECIAL NIXON-COURT-CONGRESS UNITED STATES special way to serve." "If I find that I don't CRISIS QUESTIONNAIRE BEING like medicine, I'll enter some other form of social work," he said. SENT TO CONSTITUENTS HON. JOHN E. HUNT A member of Explorer Post 335 of the Cam­ den County Council, John started as a Cub OF NEW JERSEY Scout at age eight, advancing to Scout HON. H. JOHN HEINZ Ill IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which, he said, is geared to age groups from OF PENNSYLVANIA Wednesday, October 24, 1973 11 to 15. At 15, he became an Explorer Scout, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an activity which includes coeducational Wednesday, October 24~ 1973 Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, John S. Jor­ programs up to age 21. dan, 17, a resident of my congressional John said the academic discipline and Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, the events district, has been chosen as the best of personal motivation which helped get him of the past week SW'rounding the Water­ the best by the National Activities Com­ where he Js "was due in a large measure to gate investigation threaten government the many trying and demanding experiences mittee of the Boy Scouts of America in of scouting which developed character and with a confrontation that may only be Chicago. John reached the finals by be­ leadership qualities that might have lain resolved by action in the Congress. Be­ ing judged the outstanding Explorer dormant." cause I value the opinions of my constit­ Eagle Scout in the Northeastern part of A member of the First United Methodist uents and want their advice, I am mail­ the country and Europe in mid-Septem­ Church of Collingswood where he is song ing the following questionnaire to each ber. leader for Sunday School and youth or­ household in the 18th Congressional Dis­ I had the distinct pleasure of meeting ganist, John finds relaxation in music and trict of Pennsylvania. this young man not too long ago when swimming "in whatever spare moments I My constituents are asked about their have." he visited a Masonic lodge. Contrary to He said he will remain in Scouting "prob­ recent and prospective voting habits, how what many think about the youth of to­ ably for the rest of my life" in one capacity they view themselves politically, whether day, John Jordan, I feel, typifies what is or another. The program has "too much to they feel the office of the President is right with the youth of America and offer to others for me not to stay interested above the law under any circumstances, what is right about our great country. He in it," he said. and their opinion of impeachment pro­ is completely dedicated to his God, his ceedings against the President should he family and his country. refuse a court order to turn over relevant Nothing could please me more than tapes and documents regarding the to take this opportunity to pay tribute BENNETT ACTS ON AGNEW GRAFT Watergate. to Eagle Scout Johns. Jordan of Oak­ Moreover, the poll attempts to gage lyn, N.J. the .level of trust people have in their I submit the enclosed article from the HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT elected public officials. It seems to me Courier-Post so that my colleagues might OF FLORIDA that restoring eroded confidence is of share his accomplishments. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vital importance to all elected officials. I am hopeful this questionnaire will re­ The article follows: Wednesday, October 24, 1973 SINGLED OUT AS FINEST EAGLE ScoUT IN UNITED veal the extent of the work ahead for all STATEs-OAKLYN YOUTH Is CHOSEN BEST OJ' Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, under the of us in public life. THE BEST leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ Mr. Speaker, I ask that the full text (By Pete Finley) ORD, I include the following: The recent of the questionnaire be printed at this In between serving as the current Boy's disclosures surrounding the resignation point in the RECORD. State governor of New Jersey, winning the of Vice President Agnew have led me to The text follows: outstanding biology student award at Col­ believe that legislation is very much 1. Did you vote in the 1972 Presidential lingswood High School, being elected to the needed which would require that all U.S. election? National Honor Society, being the drum 2. Would you vote if a national election major of his high school band, playing first Government contracts for services and materials be awarded to the lowest quali­ were held right now? solo trombone for the dance band at the 3. Do you intend to vote in the 1974 Gen­ same school and lots of other things too fied bidder. I have prepared such legisla­ eral Election for a governor, U.S. Senator, and numerous to mention, John Jordan has just tion, the wording of which is as follows: U.S. Representative? been chosen THE Eagle Scout of the entire Be tt enacted by the Senate. and House 4. What is your political registration? (Re­ United States. of Representatives of the Untted States of publican, Democrat, not registered, other) The 17-year-old high school senior was America in Congress assembled, That all con­ 5. Which of the following best describes picked as the best of the best by the National tracts by the United States Government for your political views? (Check one) Activities Committee of the Boy Scouts of services and materials shall be awarded to Conservative America in Chicago earlier this week. He the lowest qualified bidder, including con­ Moderate reached the finals by being judged the out­ tracts for architectural and engineering Liberal standing Explorer Eagle Scout in the North­ work. Further, that all contracts financed 6. Do you feel that the office of the Presi­ eastern part of the country and Europe in in whole or in part by Federal funds shall dent is above the law under any circum­ mid-September. be awarded only to the lowest qualified bid­ stances? LOCAL START der, including contracts for architectural and 7. With the abolition of the office of the John and other finalist s began the quest engineering work. Special Prosecutor, would you favor action for the impossible dream by first winning the by Congress to establish a Special Prosecu­ nod of their local activities committee which, This legislation includes Government tor's Office to pursue the Watergate grand in John's case, was the Camden County unit. contracts for architectural and engineer­ Jury investigation? According to John, almost all Eagle Scouts ing work now passed out generously 8. Which of the following best expresses and Eagle Explorer Scouts were eligible which without bids to interested firms. The bill your feelings about the President's actions meant that literally thousands of candidates would also provide that all contracts fi­ to dismiss Special Watergate Prosecutor Cox were in contention. nanced in whole or in part by Federal and force the resignations of Attorney Gen­ The finalists represented the best from siX funds would be awarded to the lowest eral Richardson and Deputy Attorney Gen­ geographical areas of the country. There eral Ruckelshaus? (Check one) qualified bidder. Strongly approve were 12 finalists, siX Explorer Scouts and siX The 40-page statement compiled Scouts. Mostly approve In February the two winners will get the against the former Vice President reveals Mostly disapprove red carpet treatment which includes a Con­ in the State of Maryland what is appar­ Strongly disapprove ently a longtime pattern there of politi­ No opinion gressional breakfast on Capitol Hlli in Wash­ 9. How would you feel about Impeachment ington, followed by a personal interview cal corruption through the noncompeti­ tive awarding of contracts. I believe that proceedings if the President refuses to obey with President Richard M. Nixon. a. court order to turn over Watergate tapes, John, who lives at 119 Woodland Terrace, Congress should do everything it can telephone logs and other relevant docu­ Oaklyn, with hls mother and maternal right now to see that this is no longer ments? grandparents, hopes to study medicine "in allowed on the Federal level. Strongly favor some top university like Dartmouth." He I am currently seeking cosponsors for Mostly favor wants to "serve his fellow man" and con- this legislation. Mostly opposed October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34953 Strongly opposed training, and innovative projects. This proud and grateful for your own particular No opinion meets the special needs in this area not association with this unparalleled organiza­ 10. How would you describe your attitude served by a State program, and assists tion. toward elected public officials (Check one). In this audience tonight .tre many who Trust all the funding of existing private programs have been shipmates with the great naval Trust most already doing useful work in these areas. persons of our times such as: Chester Nimitz, Trust some H.R. 10968 is a compromise between Ed Spruance, Bull Halsey, Arleigh Burke, Trust none my previous bill, which relied exclusively Jack McCain, Tom Moorer, Bud Zumwalt, on funding State agencies with State Hyman Rickover and a host o! others who­ plans, and those bills concentrating on in hot war and cold-have protected their demonstration grants and further stud­ country With courage and brilliance. CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT ies. And behind shining leaders such as these­ and as it always has been from our Navy's My bill adds demonstration programs beginning in 1775 to this very moment­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI to the State agency mechanism, but active duty personnel, reservists, civll1an em­ OF NEW YORK drops the study commission called for ployees, dependents and retirees have com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the demonstration grant approach. bined forces to forge a proud naval tradition It is my conviction that existing stud­ o! commitment and service to our Nation. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 ies and research programs cover the need These people, and people like yourselves Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, last week I in this area. Moreover, I am concerned who support this Navy so loyally, constitute that a bill which concentrates on fur­ our naval famlly. This family, through nearly introduced a new, compromise bill on two centuries o! peace and war, has con· child abuse and neglect, H.R. 10968. I ther study-through the creation of a t1nued to affirm the truth of President John think it is now pertinent to make clear in National Commission-will delay a com­ Adams' words that "naval power is the nat­ some detail the features of this compro­ mitment to a broad based program. We ural defense o! the United States." mise of the several bills, including my have sufficient information to proceed From sail to steam to nuclear power­ own, currently before the Select Educa­ with the beginings of such a program, from cutlass and cannon to guided missiles­ tion Subcommittee of the Education and while continuing to study the program from the open seas to outer space-the un• Labor Committee. through the mechanisms associated with falling skill, selfless sacrifice and whole­ The bill has three titles. Title I estab­ both the State programs and the demon­ hearted devotion of the Navy family have stration grants. remained ever constant to place and to main­ lishes a clearinghouse in the newly cre­ tain our Navy at its historic pinnacle o! ated Office of Human Development in Finally, I have altered the definition of preeminence. the Department of Health, Education, abuse to include neglect, a much larger By this ceremony today we rededicate our­ and Welfare. The purpose is to centralize and tougher problem in the long run. selves to maintaining this Navy's dominance information concerning the many and This area, touching on matters such as of the world's oceans during the indefinite various efforts that are currently being exploitation of the child, and severe det­ future. For, it is only by control o! the seas made on the question of abuse and ne­ riments to his psychological health-is that an island nation such as ours can, !or glect. This is similar to my data bank so closely related to the problem of abuse long, control its own destiny. proposal and the clearinghouse proposal that I feel it should be treated as an This each o! you knows as surely as you L."ltegral part of the problem. know that day follows the night. And, what of other bills; $1 million annually is au­ each o! you also suspects, is that it wlll be thorized for this title. no easy task to keep control o! the seas and Title II is the crucial provision. It au­ maintain that preeminence of the United thorizes $20 million annually to States States Navy in the years ahead. That is the MININUKES AND DISESTABLISH­ prospect as I see it, too. That is what I want which submit appropriate child abuse MENT OF THE AIR FORCE AND and neglect plans to the Secretary of to speak With you about this evening. OTHER THINGS It is said that those who fail to remem­ Health, Education, and Welfare. ber the lessons o! history are doomed tore­ The rationale is that certain minimum learn them. In the recent period of. relaxa­ ~acilities and procedures are necessary HON. CRAIG HOSMER tion of tensions between the world's two m the community if money spent is to OF CALIFORNIA superpowers some people in very high places be of any value. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have already forgotten those lessons. Ignor­ I wish to emphasize the plan require­ ing the ceaseless stream of battles and con­ ments in the bill represent minimum Wednesday, October 24, 1973 filet that have characterized the relations o! standards for State action, and are not Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, on Friday people and nations throughout history, the House o! Representatives, within just the meant to mandate a detailed blueprint last, I spoke at a Navy dinner sponsored past few weeks, dealt a stunning blow to the for child services. The States are left by the Armed Services Committee of the defense o! this nation by adopting the Aspin free-as they should be-to write the de­ city of Long Beach. The remarks cov­ amendment imposing a blanket reduction tails of their own programs on child ered such subjects as resupply in the in this year's defense authorization o! al­ abuse and neglect. Mideast, the advisability of disestablish­ most a blll1on dollars. Then the United Specifically, the State plans must in­ ing the Department of the Air Force, States Senate came Within two votes o! kill­ clude an effectively enforced child abuse possibilities for using small, clean, dis­ ing the TRIDENT submarine program which reporting law, mandatory reporting re­ crete nuclear weapons, called mininukes, is so essential to the deterrence of a nuclear attack on this Nation. On vote-after-vote quirements, immunity from prosecution and their implications to NATO and to other measures were adopted, one-by-one, for reporting-should there be any dif­ the Navy, whose !98th birthday the oc­ each dealing some further blow to the ca­ ficulties with a mistaken report-and a casion was celebrating, and other things. pab1lity o! the armed forces o! the United provision for misdeameanor penalty for The text of these remarks follows: States to defend the United States. those who fail to report. U.S. NAVY BIRTHDAY, 1973 All this was done by those who quickly !or­ The State plan must also provide for This evening we have gathered to celebrate got the existence of an inexorable ebb and prompt investigation of complaints of the 198th birthday o! the United States ftow in hostility between nations which was abuse and neglect, and contain minimum Navy-an institution described by Herman only recently reaffirmed at an awful cost in procedures for handling the broad prob­ Wouk as a thing "conceived by geniuses for American lives by the Vietnam War. To such operation by idiots." naive legislators the Russians seem friendly; lems of prevention and treatment. Ad­ But whatever its origin and whoever may therefore they are friendly. Things are what ditionally, it must provide for emergency have been its creator, the United States Navy they seem. That is the fallacy o! post hoc custody of the child in appropriate cases. stands today-in ships--in men-in tradi­ ergo propter hoc, and any nation which em­ Finally, the State agency is mandated tion-in spirit-and in its unparalleled rec­ braces such a delusion must embrace it as to enter into cooperative arrangements ord o! victories at sea-as indisputably the a hart-karl knife. with private, nonprofit groups to insure greatest Navy that history has ever known. An essay under my name in the August And, we rededicate ourselves to keeping it issue of U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings all the resources of the community are that way. warns that no nation can !all !or long be­ utilized. I am proud and grateful for my 33 years low a certain minlmum level of defense ef­ Title m authorizes $5 million annually service as an enltsted man and officer in that fort without arousing the instincts of preda­ for demonstration grants for research, Navy's Reserve Porces. I know each of you is tors. Fortunately some ot the House and Sen- 34954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 ate blows to the Armed Services Authoriza­ be forwarded by a direct confrontation with tion as a pie to be sliced up annually in three tion bill were eased because the outbreak of the United States. I hope we are smart roughly equal pieces. Yet the burden of de­ the renewed fighting in the Arab-Israeli war enough-and patient enough-to avoid pre­ fense necessities in the post Vietnam world served to remind some of my Congressional cipitating that kind of a confrontation. I do no fall equally at all. They fall heaviest colleagues of the existence of such predatory believe we are. I pray we are. on the Navy which must function worldwide, instincts. Despite the caution I have just expressed, next on the Army, and last on the Air Force. But even so, the long range trend in this I think the United States and Russia can get I'm not going to delve any further into the country is definitely anti-military and that away with replenishing the material losses subject of disestablishing the Air Force. I means that those of us who do remember their respective client states are suffering as just light the fuse and toss it, realizing the History's lessons are going to be hard pressed the fighting goes on. I believe that each will thing is likely to be back in my face by the to garner appropriations from the Congress carefUlly look the other way as this is dis­ time it is ready to go off. year-after-year which will support the min­ creetly done. But neither had better try any And, the same is probably true for the sub­ imum necessary national defense. augmentation-and they both know it. ject of mininuks to which I now proceed. Let Even today, in real terms of constant value But, there are other players in the mideast me introduce it by recalling that the essence dollars, 1974 Defense Department resources tragedy and therefore other dangers. of military power is the abutty to destroy, will be almost 14% below those of 1964, that There are rumors that Israel has nuclear which we conventionally think of in terms of yeaf being the last peacetime year before bombs and would use them as a last resort if 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 pound bombs Vietnam. Our mllitary investment in ships, pressed too hard. and warheads. Paradoxically, if we possess research and construction will be almost a There are rumors that Red China might such a capabllity for destruction of military third lower in 1974 than it was 10 years ago clandestinely give a few nuclear weapons to forces and the abUity to project it wherever in 1964. This means that this year the U.S. either or both sides, hoping to trigger an and whenever it is needed, we are unlikely defense effort will be lower than during any escalation of warfare in the mideast which ever to use it, simply because others are de­ year of the 1950's-a decade when things would envelope the superpowers in mush­ terred by this potential from challenging us. were relatively placid. room clouds that simultaneously consume Unfortunately, of late the cost of lugging But the truth is that things generally both of China's superpower enemies. that power around and projecting it when around the world and things particularly be­ In addition to these nuclear threats, there and where needed has escalated considerably tween the United States and the Union of is the volatUe, unpredictable psychology of and there is no end to this economic phenom­ Soviet Socialist Republics are just not that the Arabs to consider. This might lead to an enon in sight. If we are going to continue much better than they were then. to adequately defend our intPrests and our effort by them to pressure and distress the independence with fewer dollars that buy In my Naval Institute article I pointed United States through denial of petroleum out that the current detente between the which we are coming to rely upon in ever in­ less, then we are going to have to explore less U.S. and the U.S.S.R. and the Peoples Re­ creasing measure. Such a move would likely costly ways of going about it. public of China occurs not because we all disturb Western Europe and Japan as much I'll return to the Navy situation in a min­ ute, but the thought I have in mind is most suddenly love each other. Communist dogma or more than the United States. easily projected by reference to its applica­ decrees that all other systems must be de­ Nothing of what I have said in this recital tion in a land war situation. Let's think for stroyed; and that until they are, the world of the perils and dangers our country faces the moment of the defense of Europe by is not safe for communism; and that com­ in just one region of the world can be any­ NATO forces from an invasion by Soviet munist m111tary power is the ultimate in­ thing but deeply disturbing to each of us. I forces, or, put another way, NATO's abUity strument by which the world is to be made only ask that you try to visualize how much to deter such an invasion by maintaining an safe for communism. Now, dogma does not more hazardous the situation might be­ obvious capab111ty to repel it. Now, think of say when an this is to be done or exactly how, come--and how much deeper in harm's way a map of that area with a lot of red dots on and it warns against doing it in some reck­ we might be--if today in the Mediterranean the Soviet side of it representing tanks and less or adventurous way that r:isks ultimate there were no United States Sixth Fleet. soldiers and airplanes. Think of a lot of blue defeat. Dogma also is a little unclear about Today's crisis is another vivid current his­ dots on our side of the map representing many other things and the Soviets and the tory lesson pointing to the absolute indis­ American and other NATO forces. Chinese interpretations of them are quite at pensabUity of U.S. naval forces to the secu­ At this point, if you are thinking realisti­ odds. In fact, they have fallen into a serious rity of our nation. cally, you are seeing a lot more of their red dialectical dispute with each other about it Think about it-and then try to give me dots than you are seeing of our blue dots-­ all. one good reason why we should allow those and the disparity in numbers and strength And, even more relevant to the situation at to succeed who want to scuttle the United is growing. One reason it is growing is that hand, those two countries also have fallen States Navy in the name of economy, or un­ a Soviet tank costs maybe $100,000, whUe the into a much more basic kind of a dispute. der the banner of "social needs", or alleged NATO tank we need to neutralize it costs Each is a growing, vital, expanding society. "human priorities", or any other soft-headed maybe $1,000,000. At those prices our side can Each knows that achieving its ultimate des­ slogan. This Navy is not only our life-line, it soon get tilted out of the game. We need an tiny requires expansion into the vast Siberian is basic to our national life itself. equalizer. We need an equalizer which we heartland of Asia. Moreover, both know that, Yet this is the Navy that is steadUy being can afford to buy in quantity and project as enormous as the vacant real estate is, debUitated by reductions in dollar support against those tanks and destroy them if they there is room enough there for just one of from the Congress and by the steady erosion come after us. them, not for both of them. Thus they rec­ of the buying power of the dollars it does To accomplish that kind of destruction ognize and acknowledge themselves to be in manage to lay hold of. A moment ago I men­ with 1000 pound bombs requires a lot of $2 a bitter confiict for ultimate survival. tioned that we are living through a bleak pe­ million airplanes operating from several $200 Detente simply means that while those two riod of anti-militarism which is likely for the million bases backed up by a $2000 million are fighting their intramural Communist indefinite future to severely restrict the allo­ logistics supply train. In contrast, a clean battle--which might well turn into a hot cation of public resources to defense. There­ and discriminate mininuk might pack the war, even employing nuclear weapons-the fore we must examine ways by which there­ effect of 1000 pounds of TNT in less than a rest of us may be able to relax somewhat for duced number of dollars likely to be avail­ 100 pound package. This small, clean package a little while. But it certainly does not mean able can suffice to buy the bare minimum of destruction might be accurately delivered that we can pound our swords into plow­ defense effort which experience in our hos­ at a rather modest cost by a relatively small shares. It does not even mean that the United tUe world tells us we cannot safely be with­ piece of artillery or a guided rocket. Even on States can assume that the P.R.C. and the o~t. a tight budget one could afford to buy U.S.S.R. will not call a truce in their own At this point I am going to take a brief enough of this kind of blue dots to stand off dispute if an opportunity arises whereby they stroll through the political minefields by a very large number of their kind of red dots. can temporarily join forces to eliminate the examining two of those possible ways. One Now let us return to the naval arena and United States as the next largest threat to has to do with the Air Force and the other test out what the potential is there for this either of them. with nuclear weapons of a new type which anti-red dot mininuk thing. That is one reason why the current war in are clean and discrete in their effects. A few As prices now stand, in capital costs alone, the mideast poses such dangers to us. I do months ago I coined for them the name "min­ projecting naval destruction from a patrol not believe the Soviets at this point want inuks" and that is how they are known in frigate costs $50 million per frigate and $90 that war to get out of hand. I believe they the Pentagon, NATO and elsewhere. million per each new 963 Spruance class de­ want to deal with their China problem first First, as to the Air Force, born in 1947, stroyer. From a 92,000 ton nuclear carrier the and for that reason they will try reasonably during post-WWII enthusiasm for the wild cost runs about a billion dollars for the ship hard to keep alive the spirit of detente with blue yonder. Today, 26 years later, there and a half billion more for an air wing. The the West. exists a very legitimate question-and it is new 10,000-ton nuclear guided missile de­ But should the United States move too a hot one--whether reconsolidating airpower stroyers cost a quarter of a billion dollars decisively in the mideast-move too far to­ functions back into the Army and the Navy each, without their missiles. ward developing circumstances there inimical from whence they came might lead to con­ But for a 1,000-ton, 80-mile-an-hour sur­ to the basic interests of the Soviet Union­ siderably improved effectiveness in the ex­ face effect ship, the cost is $2% mUlion. then there is a possib111ty that Moscow can penditure of limited defense dollars. As it is Yes, that's right-not $50 or $90 or $250 come to believe that its self-interest can only we tend to think of the defense appropria- or a thousand mlllion dollars, but only $2 Y:i October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34955 million for a ship that could carry enough Mr. Speaker, I insert the resolution at tries hard enough, he could make the light, mininuk-tlpped guided rockets to this point in the RECORD: new year start right for millions of equal the firepower of a modern DD. You WEST VIRGINIA REHABILITATION As- people. could buy 36 of them for the cost of one SOCIATION, single 963 class destroyer. The potentiality Charlestown, W. Va., September 10, 1973. of this new and infinitely cheaper kind of Hon. JOHN BRADEMAS, THREE ARTICLES ON EVENTS OF naval hardware, 1f and when combined with Chairman, Select Education Subcommittee of RECENT DAYS the clean, sharp destructive potential of the House Committee on Education and mini-weight mininuks, is truly startling. Labor, U.S. Congress, Washington, D.C. The combination offers an equalizer at a price DEAR MR. BRADEMAS: Enclosed is a Resolu­ we can afford to pay which can put us effi­ tion passed unanimously by the West Vir­ HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. ciently back into the business of controlling ginia Rehabilitation Association during its OF MICHIGAN the seas and defending this country's vital annual meeting on September 5, 1973, ex­ national interests. pressing strong support for you and mem­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The barrier to utilizing it 1s simply the bers of the Select Education Subcommittee Wednesday, October 24, 1973 fact that mininuks bear the stigmatized nu­ of the House Committee on Education and clear name. Labor in the oversight hearings on the State­ Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, three items The truth is that, though based on nuclear Federal Vocation Rehabilitation program. appear in today's Washington Star­ principles, the nature and destructive power The Association, made up of 1,020 members, News that shed important light on events of this warhead will be much closer to that recognizes your efforts to protect the Voca­ of recent days. One is a news story by of gunpowder than it is to an atomic bomb. tional Rehabil1tation program against any James Polk; the other two are editorial The general public must be brought to un­ moves to dismantle and destroy it. derstand this so we can get over the anti­ page columns, one by James Reston, and I am sending copies of the Resolution to the other by Charles Bartlett. nuclear psychological hurdle that prevents other members of the Subcommittee and m1ninuk additions to the defense arsenal of to Congressmen from West Virginia. I include these three items for the the United States. This roadblock constitutes Sincerely yours, interest of my colleagues: a particularly severe handlcape to develop­ EDDIE MICKEL, President. [From the Washington Star-News, Oct. 24, ment of the less costly naval hardware our 1973] Navy must have if it is to acquire the quan­ tity of naval surface units required to assure RESOLUTION LETTER REVEALS MILK LOBBY OFFER freedom of the seas in the face of rapidly ex­ Whereas, Congressman John Brademas (By James Polk) panding hostile forces. and the Select Education Subcommittee of The milk lobby, while seeking White House As indicated, the two propositions I have the House Committee on Education and La­ favors, promised President Nixon $2 million spoken of tonight are highly controversial­ bor conducted oversight hearings on the in campaign contributions in a letter written so controversial that neither of them has had State-Federal Vocational Rehabilltation pro­ by a former Nixon aide and congressman. the informed public discussion they deserve. gram; and Patrick J. Hillings of California, the for­ I hope tonight may help serve to break the Whereas, Congressman Brademas and the mer aide who had won Nixon's old seat in The lee. Subcommittee were alert to a move by the House, sent the letter to the President telling But whether it does so or not, I am confi­ Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ him of the offer of campaign money from the dent that our unique naval heritage and the fare to dismantle the Vocational Rehabmta­ milk lobby a few months before the Nixon spirit of Navy Birthday 1973 which we have tion program; and administration raised price supports for the been privileged to share together this evening Wherea-s, Congressman Brademas and the dairy industry. will continue to guide our Navy's growth in Subcommittee took prompt and decisive ac­ The milk lobby eventually gave $422,500 for the year ahead as we rededicate ourselves tion to protect the Vocational Rehabilita­ the Nixon campaign, starting the week of the with pride, professionalism and patriotism tion program against any moves to destroy price increase. to the tasks that lie before us. it: Therefore be it Hillings, then a Washington attorney for Resolved, That the West Virginia Rehablli­ the milk lobby, wrote to Nixon on Dec. 16, tation Association and its 1,020 members 1970, asking the President to approve import commend Congressinan Brademas and the quotas on lee cream and other dairy products. WEST VffiGINIA REHABILITATION Subcommittee for their d111gence, scrutiny, Nixon granted them. ASSOCIATION CITES CONGRES­ and concern in the oversight hearings to­ The Hillings letter, now in the possession ward protecting handicapped people against of the Senate Watergate committee, is con­ SIONAL OVERSIGHT OF REHABll..­ sidered a major piece of evidence in the probe ITATION LEGISLATION Administration moves to dismantle and de­ stroy the program they so desperately need; of the controversial Nixon dairy donations. and be it The letter ls the first indication that Nixon HON. CARL D. PERKINS Resolved further, That this resolution be personally knew about the forthcoming flow sent to Congressman Brademas and each of money from the milk lobby while the OF KENTUCKY member of the Select Education Subcom­ favorable decisions were being granted to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee of the House Committee on Educa­ the dairy industry. Witnesses from both the campaign organi­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 tion and Labor. EDDIE MICKEL, President. zation and the milk lobby had testified pre­ Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ viously in a federal court case that no money gust 3, during an oversight hearing on had been promised before the prices were raised. the Rehabilitation Services Administra­ Records show the campaign checks started tion, conducted by the Select Subcom­ WE NEED A NEW MINIMUM WAGE arriving in March 1971 during the same week mittee on Education, so ably chaired by BILL that the Nixon administration reversed itself our colleague from Indiana, Mr. BRADE­ and increased price supports in a move esti­ MAS, it was revealed that a memoran­ mated to be worth $700 million to the dairy dum, written by William A. Morrill, As­ HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN industry. sistant Secretary for Planning and Eval­ OF ILLINOIS Two days before that turnabout, Nixon had met with dairymen in the Cabinet Room uation, Department of Health, Educa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as they asked for the price intervention. Ac­ tion, and Welfare, called for the disso­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 cording to testimony, the farm leaders gath­ lution of the highly successful, 53-year­ ered with Hillings in his nearby law offices old program of vocational rehabilitation. Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, there before walking over to that White House Knowledge of the existence of this are chairmen who watch things happen; meeting. memorandum, Mr. Speaker, has led to chairmen who complain about what has The three major milk groups in the Mid­ strong and heated reaction throughout happened; and chairmen who make west, including the giant Associated Milk the country. things happen. Producers, Inc. (AMPI), based in Texas, were clients of Hillings' law firm. Evidence of that reaction is a resolu­ The chairman of our General Sub­ Hillings opened his December 1970 letter tion, unanimously approved by the West committee on Labor Daniel Ellsberg case, but there is nothing And he has done it again by releasing the to tie that with Hillings' 1970 letter. his honor. Watergate tapes, which he said he would Ironically, he chose to challenge in this Hillings was urging the President to ap­ never release. prove import quotas on dairy products al­ latest of his political crises three men--cox, It was a clever move. He has retreated Richardson and Ruckelshaus--who had be­ ready recommended by the U.S. Tariff Com­ from one mess to another, but he has gained mission. Nixon put them into effect on Dec. come the most attractive and articulate sym­ time. It will take weeks to get the tapes bols of objectivity and probity in his admin­ 31, 1970. down on paper and to get a new team to istration. And in the process, he lost all Hillings' association with Nixon goes back take over the prosecution at the Justice De­ a quarter-century, to when he was an as­ three. partment, but meanwhile, he has gotten rid This has shocked Washington more than sistant to Nixon as a congressman. When of Archibald Cox, the "independent" prose­ anything since the Watergate burglary, and Nixon won a Senate seat in 1950, HUlings was cutor, which was probably his objective, and elected to succeed him in the House district while he now has time to try to sort things he has postponed-though he has not avoid­ out, he has affronted his own most loyal sup­ east of Los Angeles. He served four terms. ed-a critical battle with both the courts porters and even his own Cabinet, and raised As a Washington lawyer, Hillings practiced and the Congress. the most serious questions about his moral in the same firm that another longtime Nixon The President, was in terrible trouble be­ loyalist, Murray Chotiner, joined upon leav­ authority to govern over the next three fore he switched and agreed to let the tapes years. ing the White House in March 1971, two go to the courts. He judged Archibald Cox weeks before the milk price increase. well enough. He gave Cox a dishonorable THE Ax THAT FELL ON Cox Chotiner has testified he went back to talk order he knew Cox wouldn't accept, and he (Charles Bartlett) with his White House colleagues that month was right. and warned them, "If you don't help the But the President misjudged Atty. Gen. With yesterday's release to Judge Sirica of farmer, you don't get his support." But he Richardson, and Deputy Atty. Gen. the Watergate tapes, the dust has settled said he was referring to votes, not money. Ruckelshaus. He appealed to Richardson to enough to discover that President Nixon Consumer advocate Ralph Nader has concentrate on the Middle East crisis, and fired Archibald Cox because he ran out of charged the price boost was a favor granted stay on even if Cox disappeared. tolerance for a pack of Ivy League lawyers in return for the campaign donations and The White House didn't even give Rich­ who seemed bent on running him to the has sued in federal court to have the increase ardson time to respond to the President's grounSam Ervin and Howard In political shorthand the figures referred with precisely the power struggle he had sought to avoid. The COngress was proceed­ Baker-who were apparently not told that to $2 million and $1 million. But the tap on they were being offered no more or less ac­ the milk money was actually closed a few ing toward impeachment proceedings 1n the House. The unions were demanding his dis­ cess to the tapes than the grand jury was days later. to have. They gratefully took what they Testimony in the Nader suit shows Kalm- missal from the presidency. More important, October 2·4, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34957 were offered without realizing that they had Therefore be it resolved, that The Mllitary pathy to her children John, Theodore, undermined the special prosecutor. If Order of the World Wars in National Con­ and Elizabeth, and her grandchildren. members of Congress had been quicker to vention assembled, affirms that national se­ grasp what was going on, they might have curity should have first priority among all saved Cox with their protests. national programs and calls upon the Con­ The President will pay a high price for gress to expand, as necessary, the mllitary relief from his antipathy towards Cox. In funding needed to continue our country as SANTA ANA RIVER FLOOD CONTROL losing Elliot Richardson and William Ruckel­ a first rate power in the world. HELP REQUESTED shaus, he draws further upon his dwindling reservoir of trust. Richardson was the hon­ est broker, the public-interest mediator be­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER tween the President's narrow concept of the MRS. HELEN "CHILDS" BOYDEN OF CALIFORNIA Cox mandate and the wide horizons of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Watergate scandal. Nixon is now without a broker, even without an attorney general. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 He has nettled his skeptics once again HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, a serious with a show of arrogant disregard for an OF MASSACHUSETI'S and threatening condition exists in earlier commitment. He added chlll to the drama by deploying the FBI in a Gestapo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Orange County, Calif., with respect to the type flourish on Saturday night. With the Wednesday, October 24, 197 3 flood potential of the Santa Ana River. surrender of the tapes, he is no closer to A large number of my constituents in losing his office than he was before, but he Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I come with california's 32d Congressional District has pulled further away from the hearts of a profound sadness in my heart today to could be adversely affected. The nature his countrymen. inform my colleagues of the death of a and extent of the problem as well as the Nixon has virtually insured that the onus fine and gentle woman, Mrs. Helen key to its solution is contained in my of Watergate prosecutions will no longer be "Childs" Boyden, wife of the late, re­ letter of October 17 to Gov. Ronald Rea­ left to the control of his administration. He nowned headmaster of Deerfield Acad­ gan requesting his help and the help of has provoked a vacuum which Congress or Frank the grand jury will fill. He can at least take emy in Deerfield, Mass., L. Boyden. California's Legislature in establishing one comfort--his next tormentor will proba­ Lest you think Helen Boyden will be a unified flood control authority for both bly not be Archibald Cox, a man too modest remembered only as the wife of a great upper and lower reaches of this river. to be drawn by fate into a serialized conten­ man, I would point out that this woman The letter follows: tion with the President. stood in no man's shadow. She was help­ OCTOBER 17, 1973. mate, soulmate, companion, and col­ Re Santa Ana River Ba-sin flood control league to the headmaster. Her dedicated problem. work at Deerfield Academy as an accom­ DEAR GOVERNOR REAGAN: For some months NATIONAL SECURITY-NO. 1 I have been seeking a solution to the multi­ plished teacher of mathematics and sci­ billion dollar flood threat posed in Orange PRIORITY ence complemented that of her husband. County by the Santa Ana River. If this river A native of Deerfield and a graduate of ever goes out of control, thousands of my Smith College, Helen Childs came home constituents in California's 32nd Congres­ HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG to Deerfield Academy as a science teach­ sional District as well as many other citizens OF FLORIDA er in 1905. Headmaster Boyden warned o! the County would be disastrously affected. This letter requests your help and that o! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES her then: If you ever have any trouble with the boys, the California Legislature to forestall such a Wednesday, October 24, 1973 remember that I 'll be on their side. tragedy. Various data and reports on the problem Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, From the beginning, she was on the originated by the Los Angeles District of the as a member of the House Armed Serv­ boys' side, too. U.S. Corps of Engineers reveal that in Orange ices Committee I have long been con­ In 1907, the headmaster and Helen County what is known for planning purposes cerned over the state of our national by the Engineers as a Standard Project Flood Childs were married. Years later, the could result in over $2 billion in damages to security and military readiness, espe­ headmaster was to write this tribute to cially in view of the readiness of some homes, businesses, industries, transporta­ his wife: tion, local governments, other entities and groups to slash deeply into our military She is much more important than I am. from work lost. budget without regard for consequences. She has a wonderful sense of humor and I have an overlay map indicating that such Therefore, I was especially pleased to deep affection for the boys. She has more a flood could inundate as many as 100,000 learn that the 1973 National Convention influence on the boys than I have. She acres of Orange County, including part or all of the Military Order of the World Wars makes them want to do the work. Her judg­ of the communities of Fountain Valley, set the tone of its deliberations by de­ ment is excellent. It is interesting that a Huntington Beach, Seal Beach, Surfside, claring without equivocation that our combination such as the two of us could Sunset Beach, Costa Mesa, Los Alamitos, get together. She could have been the head Garden Grove, Westminster, Santa Ana, Tus­ national security must be accorded pri­ of any school. tin, Midway City, Orange, Anaheim, Cypress, ority above all other programs. Follow­ Stanton, La Palma, Buena Park, Fullerton ing is the text of the first day resolution It would be hard to imagine a woman and Yorba Linda. which sets forth the position that we more respected by more people. She was Even what is known as a 100-year flood should fund and implement without de­ held in high regard by the academic (one which records suggest could occur about lay those military programs necessary to community and was awarded honorary once a century) could cause an estimated maintain our preeminent military pos­ degrees by a number of institutions in­ half-a-billion dollars in damages in Orange ture in the world. cluding her own alma mater, Smith Col­ County's coastal plain, with depths of water rising up •A> 7 feet over 35,000 acres of The resolution follows: lege; St. Lawrence University; Trinity homes, businesses and public properties. NATIONAL SECURITY-NO. 1 PRIORITY College; and Mount Holyoke College. She The Engineers have devised several alter­ Whereas, mllitary strength second to none left an indelible impression on her stu­ nate plans for the control of these and lesser and the will to use it in defense of our na­ dents and her passing will be noted with floods of the Santa Ana River which. with its tional interests is the surest path to peace; sorrow by a.Il of them, many of whom tributaries, runs through Orange, Riverside and have labored in this Chamber. and San Bernardino Counties. They have cal­ Whereas, our national posture in current culated their costs to range from about $300 and projected negotiations for mllitary de­ I was privileged to call Helen Boyden mlllion to some $450 mlllion. Orange and San tente and a.rms control is vitally dependent my good friend. Although she was buried Bernardino Counties have passed resolutions upon our present and projected mllitary on Monday, her memory, like that of supporting Alternate Plan #6. Riverside strength; and her husband, will live on in the hearts County appears to favor something like #6. Whereas, serious efforts are being made of all of those who have been members This degree of consensus among the counties to erode this goal which at this time has appears to be based less on the merits of been projected to a twenty year low; and of the Deerfield "family" throughout the Alternate Plan #6 as an effective ftood con­ Whereas, other national programs can years. At this time, I would like to ask trol instrumentality than it does a belief flourish only when our national security is my colleagues to join me and my wife, that this plan is the one least offensive to assured. Corinne, in expressing our deepest sym- Riverside and San Bernardino interests. 34958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 Alternate Plan #6 contemplates a very Obviously, even 1f the help I ask you for He said he did not know her and had only large dam in the Mentone area which would is swift to come, the inherent delay in orga­ seen her in passing. be located astride the San Andreas Fault. A nizing and funding a project of the magni­ Neither police nor any neighbors could board of experts is being convened by the tude involved, and the lead time required for give any reason for the incident. U.S. Corps of Engineers to evaluate the wis­ building it, will aggregate a period of several The bodies were found about 9 p.m. Sat­ dom of such a location. It will probably take years. Thus, even 1f all goes smoothly, the urday near the bottom of a hill at Minne­ some time to act and I gather that extensive odds for the occurrence in Orange County of sota and Anacostia Avenues, SE, about two drilling and other geologic work would have a 100-year flood sometime during the next 10 blocks from the woman's home. to follow before any final technical decision years are lin 10. The odds for the occurrence could be expected. If it is negative, things of the larger and more devastating Standard must start from scratch again. Meanwhile, Project Flood are lin 20 or 30. Consequently, the clock ticks toward the inevitable time the prospects are far from negligible that the WELFARE MYTHS when actual flood conditions could mate­ Santa Ana River Basin will experience serious rialize. flooding before a project can be completed to The root of our difficulty in coming up protect it. HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN For that reason I strongly urge homeowners with a really effective plan to protect Orange OF FLORIDA County citizens from flooding lies in the dis­ and businessmen in the area to avail them­ parity between physical benefits and finan­ selves of Federally subsidized flood insurance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cial burdens any plan wm impose among the available through regular brokers. Presently, Wednesday, October 24, 1973 three affected counties. Although a major the limits on this insurance are $17,500 for a fraction of the costs of any of the various house, $5,000 for its contents and $30,000 for Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, unfortu­ alternative flood control plans suggested commercial buildings. Legislation which has nately, there has been a great deal of would be borne by the Federal government, passed the House of Representatives and is misunderstanding about our welfare sys­ depending on the alternative selected, direct pending in the Senate will raise these limits tem. The picture of hundreds of thou­ local costs could range from a few milllon to $35,000, $10,000 and $100,000, respectively. sands of free-loading welfare cheaters dollars in the case of some alternatives to The potential value of this insurance in many millions in the case of others. Addi­ relation to the flood risks present in the com­ getting rich off the American taxpayer tionally, numerous indirect local costs, such munities listed earlier in this letter should is pure myth. as removing land from the tax rolls, relocat­ not be lightly regarded. Pending completion While there are certain areas of the ing homes, farms and industries and the like, of an adequate Santa Ana River Basin Flood system which need correction, the facts will result from any flood control project. Control Project, I hope that public officials of show that welfare goes largely to those Whereas most of the beneficiaries of flood the affected area will join me in publicizing groups in our Nation whioh are unable control will be Orange County taxpayers it the availability of this insurance to residents to help themselves-the aged, blind, dis­ can be assumed that most of the local costs and property owners in the Basin. wlll fall primarily on taxpayE'rs living at the I also believe that cities, counties and flood abled, children, and mothers who must River's upper reaches in Riverside and San control districts in the area should explore stay home to care for young children. Bernardino counties where most of the ac­ the feasibility of obtaining blanket flood Ann Landers has recently printed a tual flood control works would be located. control insurance for all interests within letter from a youngster whose family was This is partly because there are different their political boundaries, and financing the forced by tragedy to go on welfare. The flood control districts for each county, each premiums by a special local flood control tax letter seeks to dispel some of the more with its separate financial structure. Up­ to be enacted for that specific purpose. popular welfare myths. stream areas hardly can be expected to jump Thank you and the other responsible offi­ The letter follows: with joy at the prospect of assuming sub­ cials for all you will do to straighten this DEAR ANN: I am 15 years old. Dad died four stantial costs which benefit them less t han matter out. Sincerely, years ago of cancer. There are five children others. Nor, can they be expected to embrace in the family younger than I. My dad didn't an alternative which provides the most tech­ CRAIG HOSMER, belong to a union, he was self-employed, nically effective flood control but at a far Member of Congress. had no social security, and his insurance just higher price to them than some cheap but barely covered his medical bills. Three years less adequate alternative. &go Mom had to go on welfare. I respectfully suggest to you, and by copy When we buy groceries with stamps some of this letter to the state legislators and "MURDER BY HANDGUN: THE CASE folks in the store look at us as 1f we are county governments of the affected area, that FOR GUN CONTROL"-NO. 37 taking money out of their pockets. Sure, for the purpose of overall Santa Ana River people on welfare cost taxpayers money, but Basin flood control the existing control dis­ Dad paid his taxes when he was alive and tricts of each of the counties be consolidated Mom can't feed us kids on what she makes by law into one unity with the power, insofar HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON OF MASSACHUSETTS working in a bakery. as possible, to allocate the direct and indirect I read some facts about welfare in an arti­ local costs of flood control in the Basin up IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cle put out by the Committee on Polltical and down the River in some reasonable re­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 Education. Every American should see it. lationship to local benefits. Or, 1f there are You run the biggest billboard in America, more simple ways to achieve the same end, Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, to­ Ann. Please print them. that they be adopted quickly so that we can day I am inserting an article on a mur­ Fact No. 1: People wind up on welfare get on with the necessary flood control con­ der-suicide that has destroyed the lives not because they are cheats or loafers but struction in a timely fashion, in a fair of a husband and wife. because they are poor. They are pOOl' not fashion, and in an adequate fashion. only in money, but in everything. They have My point is, that 1f this situation is to be Gun control legislation is the only way to help stop these "easy" killings. had poor education, poor health care, a poor met, 1f disastrous flooding sometime in the chance at decent employment and poor pros­ near or intermediate future is to be avoided, The Washington Post article from Oc­ pects for anything better. then responsible officials of the State of Cali­ tober 16 is included below: Fact No. 2: Of the 15 milllon people on fornia must initiate the required measures MtrRDER-SUICIDE RULING IN DEATHS welfare, two million are aged, permanently for speeding the achievement of a local con­ A D.C. medical examiner ruled yesterday disabled or blind. Three million are mothers. sensus on a safe and adequate project. Until Fact No. 3: Nobody is getting rich on wel­ this is done, progress is stymied because the that the shooting death of a 26-year-old man and his 25-year-old wife in Anacostia Sun­ fare. At best, it allows barebone living. Max­ Federal government cannot, will not and imum payment for a family of four ranges should not attempt to impose its will in this day night were murder and suicide. Deputy Medical Examiner Dr. William J. from $700 a year in Mississippi to $3,600 in local matter upon local people and local in­ New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts and terests. Brownlee said Steven Michael Greene, of Oakland, Calif., had apparently killed his es­ Connecticut. Some reasonable agreement among them Fact No. 4: Cheating on welfare is not is an absolute condition precedent to getting tranged wife, Carolyn Hill Greene, 3035 Mas­ on with further major flood control work in sachusetts Ave. SE, 1n a wooded area near her rampant, but mini.mal. No program involving the Santa Ana River Basin. home here, and then taken his own life by 15 million people can be completely free of It is impossible for the U.S. Corps of Engi­ shooting himself in the head. fakers. Probably less lying and cheating goes neers to ask Congress for Federal millions for Police said they believed Greene had ar­ on in the Welfare Department than in the any project unless and until there is general rived here from Oakland sometime Satur­ Internal Revenue Department. agreement along the River on a carefully day. But they said they did not know when Fact No. 5: Welfare mothers are not hav­ planned and technically sound project. As . he met his wife, who has been working here ing babies just to collect extra money. Near­ soon as, but not until, that is done, I and as a secretary. ly 70 per cent of all children on welfa.re others of California's delegation in the Con­ Charles Crocker, who has been living in the are legitimate, according to HEW. gress can bear our weight in Washington to red brick apartment building where Mrs. Fact No. 6: The welfare rolls are not made enact the necessary major Federal appropria­ Greene had been living, said the woman ar­ up mostly of blacks. More than 48 per cent tions. rived in the District one or two months ago. of the welfare families are white, 43 per October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34959 cent are black, the remaining are Orientals, why don't they fiy them? Why do all inter­ UNITED NATIONS WEEK American Indians and other ethnic groups. national lines except Russia fiy American I hope this will help to reduce the bigotry planes·P and clear up some misunderstanding. "Why does no other land on Earth even HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK -You Might Be Next consider putting a man or woman on the OF OHIO Thank you for helping educate millions Moon? of people today. I checked your facts with "You talk about Japanese technocracy and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Department of Health, Education and get radios. You talk about German tech­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 Welfare and they are correct. nocracy and you get automobiles. You talk about American technocracy and you find Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, United men on the Moon, not once, but several Nations Week is an appropriate time to times . . . and safely home again. take a good look at that international U.S.A. IS NOT SO BAD, A CANADIAN "You talk about scandals and the Ameri­ organization. It has been popular to refer REPORTS cans put theirs right in the store window for to its as "man's best hope" for so long everybody to look at. that we rarely take a good hard look at "Even their draft dodgers are not pursued HON. 0. C. FISHER and hounded. They are here on our streets. the work of that body. Is it really man's Most of them . . . unless they are breaking best hope for peace. In all honesty, I an­ OF TEXAS Canadian laws, are getting American dollars swer "no." Man's best hope for peace, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from Ma and Pa at home to spend here. am certain, still rests in a strong and Wednesday, October 24, 1973 "When the Americans get out of this vital United States of America. Despite bind . . . as they will . . . who could blame the hopes and aspirations of founders, Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, with so them 1f they said 'the hell with the rest of the U.N. gives little indication it will be many bad things being said about our the world. Let someone else buy the Israel able to cope with serious international country these days, it is refreshing to bonds. Let someone else build or repair for­ eign dams or design foreign buildings that problems. have some contrary viewpoints, particu­ It was founded in the hope that the larly from a friendly Canadian named 'won't shake apart in earthquakes.' "When the railways of France, Germany victorious allies in World War II would Gordon Sinclair. His remarks, which and India were breaking down through age, continue their "commitment" to peace. should be read by everyone, are con­ it was the Americans who rebuilt them. However, even then the COmmunists tained in an editorial which appeared in When the Pennsylvania Railroad and the were not committed to peace and 28 the October 8 issue of the San Antonio New York Central went broke, nobody loan­ years later are even less committed. If Light, which follows: ed them an old caboose. Both are still broke. "I can name you 5,000 times when the the past 28 years have shown anything, GOOD NEIGHBORS it is that it is difficult if not impossible Gordon Sinclair, a Canadian commentator Americans raced to the help of other people in trouble. to have general rules of behavior ac­ and author of several books, wrote the fol­ ceptable to Communist and free states. lowing article several weeks ago. We reprint "Can you name me even one time when it from the Anchorage Daily Times as a someone else raced to the Americans in trou­ By their very nature, Communist states refreshing view at a time when Canadian­ ble? utilize an entirely different rule. If the American relations are somewhat strained­ "Our neighbors have faced it alone and U.N. were limited to nations which have partly, to be sure, because of controversies I'm one Canadian who is tired of hearing open and free societies, it could come involving the trans-Alaska pipeline project. them kicked around. They wm come out of closer to achieving its purpose. The article is as follows: this thing with their fiag high. And when they do, they are entitled to thumb their Having followed the United Nations "The United States dollar took another closely through the years, I can safely pounding on German, French and British noses at the lands that are gloating over exchanges . . . It has declined there by 41 their present troubles. make two categorical statements: First, per cent since 1971, and this Canadian "But there are many smug, self-righteous the United Nations should in no way be thinks it is tlme to speak up for the Amer­ Canadians. given any of our basic American sover­ icans as the most-generous and possibly the "And finally, the American Red Cross was eignty nor should we trust its decisions least-appreciated people in all the Earth. told at its 48th annual meeting in New Or­ for important peacekeeping operations. "As long as 60 years ago, when I first leans that it was broke. This year's disasters . . . with the year half over . . . had taken Second, none of its actions should be im­ started to read newspapers, I read of fioods plemented in any way or form in this on the Yellow River and the Yangtze. Who it all and nobody has helped." rushed in with men and money to help? country without a specific vote of Con­ The Americans did. gress. There are too many inconsistencies "They have helped control fioods on the WHY IS NACOA MEETING IN A and errors in its operation. Nile, the Amazon, the Ganges and the Niger. CLOSET? A case in point is a recent resolution "As the rich bottomland of the Mississippi adopted by the Committee on Colonialism is under water, no foreign land has sent a HON. DAVID R. OBEY regarding the status of Puerto Rico. By dollar to help. a vote of 12 to 2, the U.N. committee "Germany, Japan and, to a lesser extent, OF WISCONSIN affirmed Puerto Rico's right to inde­ Britain and Italy, were lifted out of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES debris of war by the Americans, who poured pendence. The resolution requests that in billions of dollars and forgave other bil­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 the United States "refrain from taking lions of debts. Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, the public any measures which might obstruct the "None of those countries is today paying meeting of the National Advisory Com­ full and free exercise by the people of even the interest on its remaining debts to Puerto Rico of their inalienable right to the United States. mittee on Oceans and Atmosphere this Friday and Saturday is to be held in room self-determination and independence." "When the franc was in danger of collaps­ It also keeps the Puerto Rican question ing in 1956, it was the Americans who 6802 of the U.S. Department of Com­ propped it up and their reward was to be merce Building, and NACOA has an­ under the Colonialism Committee's "con­ insulted and swindled on the streets of Paris. nounced that the public will be admitted tinuous review." "I was there; I saw it. "to the extent of the very limited seating John Scali, our Ambassador to the "When distant cities are hit by earthquake, available on a first-come-first-served United Nations, has rightfully labeled it is the United States that hurries 1n to basis." this resolution "ludicrous." In a free and help . . . Managua, Nicaragua, is one of the Now, a completely public meeting of open election held last year, 51 percent most-recent examples. This year, 59 Ameri­ of the Puerto Rican people voted for the can communities have been fiattened by NACOA is something of a novelty, so no tornadoes. Nobody has helped. one knows how many people will turn out Popular Democratic Party, a party which "The Marshall Plan, the Truman policy, witness the proceedings. I am curious, advocates maintenance of the current to commonwealth status. Another 43 per­ all pumped btllions upon billions of dollars however, why this advisory committee of into discouraged countries. Now newspapers cent voted for the New Progressive Party, in those countries are writing about the 25 members will be meeting in dinky which is pressing for statehood in the decadent, warmongering Americans. room 6802-which is little more than a United States. Only 5 percent of the elec­ "I'd like to see just one of those countries closet--when the Commerce Department torate cast ballots in favor of the Inde­ that is gloating over the erosion of the auditorium is available, at least for the United States dollar build its own airplanes. pendence Party. "Come on, let's hear it I Saturday session. The Committee on Colonialism is, "Does any other country tn the world have I cannot help thinking that NACOA, therefore, pushing a plan that has been a plane to equal the Boeing jumbo jet, the which has large-scale responsibilities. rejected by 95 percent of the voters. Per­ Lockheed Tristar or the Douglas 10? I! so, prefers a small-scale audience. haps, as Mr. Scali indicates: 34960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973

It may be some consolation to the people 36 years ago, members dug down in their PRESIDENCY SHOULD BE FORD of Puerto Rico, who undoubtedly wlll be as pockets and put up their own money to en­ TEST outraged as I am by this blatant interference courage more housing and to afford more job in their internal affairs, to realize that many opportunities for the community. of the nations which took the lead in sup­ The other three who engaged in that long HON. LOUIS STOKES porting the resolution do not permit their drive for industry were late Mayor Ben F. OF OHIO citizens freely to express their views on who Butler, Faber White and Harold Ohlendorf. will govern them and for how long. When things looked bleak, Mr. Buchanan IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES never lost his drive, never stopped working, Wednesday, October 24, 1973 If Americans watched the day-to-day and there is no telling how much those four actions and votes in the U.N., they would gentlemen spent out of their own pockets to Mr: STOKES. Mr. Speaker, in view of not be calling it man's best hope for finance the trips that had to be made "up the latest evidence of President Nixon's peace. In my observations, it is interest­ north" to contact the industrial headquar· unfitness to continue in office, it is most ing that the loudest critics of the United ters and make the sales presentation about important that the Congress entertain the attraction of Osceola. second thoughts about confirming his States here at home are more often than Some 2,000 people now employed on the not the same ones who want some basic Industrial Park, their families, and the en­ nomination for the Vice Presidency. Re­ American sovereignty transferred to the tire community well know and appreciate gardless of the particular nominee's vir­ U.N. this work. tues, anyone handpicked by a man so "Mr. Buck" never quit, untU a few years committed to trampling the Constitution ago, and he can register more enthusiasm and laws of this democracy, must be "MR. BUCK" OUTSTANDING AS than anyone in the State of Arkansas about thoroughly and rigorously examined to COMMUNITY LEADER his home town and how it is stlll due growth determine just what kind of President he and economic expansion. will be. Mr. Buchanan began his association with Only the day before the firing of Archi­ HON. BILL ALEXANDER the Chevrolet Motor Co. in 1925. He is ana­ bald Cox and the abolition of the special OF ARKANSAS tive of Neboovllle, Tenn. and began "coming across The River to Blytheville to sell auto­ prosecutor's office, Mr. William C. Barn­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mobiles when he was in knee britches." He ard, chief editorial writer of the Cleve­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 spent 20 years in Blythevllle before being land Plain Dealer, wrote: able to acquire the operation of the agency One year ago it was unthinkable that Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, since in Osceola. Since that time, he has, with his President Nixon might be impeached or coming to Congress, I have dedicated a valued associates, made the Osceola agency forced to resign because of scandals in his large portion of my energies and time one of the most successful in the nation and administration. It is no longer unthinkable. to legislation and programs designed to he has been highly recognized by his fellow ... Because of these political uncertainties, assist the development of nonmetropoli­ dealers on district and regional levels and Congress must not look at Ford in light of his tan communities. However, programs and by General Motors, several times. vice presidential qualifications, but instead As a widower, Mr. Buchanan married the legislation do little good if the citizens must determine whether he is capable of be­ former Miss June Armintrout in 1937 and this ing president. themselves are not interested and con­ is one fine lady. The daughter, Helen, and cerned over the future of their cities. her husband, Dewey Neely, say, "June has Bill Barnard displayed sharp fore­ I would like to share with my colleagues been everything a mother could be to us." sight. But how could even he have known an article on one man from my home­ The grandchildren, Kerri, Jay Lynn and that just 24 hours after publishing that town who has contributed greatly to the Fanny, echo those sentiments. statement, the whole of the American development of Osceola. Mr. J. C. Bu­ "Mrs. Buck" was an expert insurance people would suddenly cry out for the agency secretary for years then she joined chanan has exhibited endless energy in the automobile firm and for years she has President's impeachment? working with the civic organizations and been a perfect complement to her husband. I wish to share with my colleagues the the people of Osceola to improve and ex­ To everyone who comes calling, she has a. well-considered admonition Mr. Barnard pand the economy and general welfare of friendly smile and a cheerful greeting, but has addressed to us: the people who live there. Knowing such she never intrudes herself. PRESIDENCY SHOULD BE FORD TEST men gives me continued enthusiasm for In recent years, Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan There is a growing possib111ty that Richard the future of nonmetropolitan America have been taking long vacations, in Arizona, M. NiXon may not serve out the final three and our Nation: and at other noted spots but they seem to years of his presidency. have been around home much lately. This is a harsh observation, but it is one "MR. BUCK" OUTSTANDING AS COMMUNITY "Buck" has been a member of the Osceola LEADER borne out by the incredible events of the Rotary Club for many years, and he always past year. The reputations of President Nixon (By Phil Mullen) seeins to have a happy good time at the and his administration have been under con­ Since 1946, J. C. Buchanan has contributed luncheons but here, also, he doesn't try to stant assault for political treachery and im­ as much or more to the expansion of the occupy the spotlight. morality. There appears no letup to the bar­ local economy, and to the general welfare of His great business knowhow has resulted rage of accusations and evidence. the community, as any other citizen. in the establishment of two other Chevro­ The following circumstances should be kept "Mr. Buck" has received recognition in let agencies, the Bill Childers place in Poplar in mind when Congress considers the nomi­ these columns before but what has made this Bluff, Mo. and the Charles Cannon place in nation of Gerald R. Ford to fill the vacancy writer think of him lately has been his great Ponca City, Okla. · in the office of vice president: good sense about other people and his rela­ What prompted this piece about Mr. For the first time in the history of the tionship with them. Buchanan this week were the thoughts of United States a vice president has been He is a master salesman but he goes fur­ this writer about our own personal relation­ forced to resign his office because of criminal ther than that. For instance, he has never ship. wrongdoing. been chincy in delagating authority to his We've had some rugged political differences Two former Nixon cabinet members, for­ son-in-law, Dewey Neely, who is vice presi­ but they never became personal. He made it mer Atty. Gen. John N. Mitchell and former dent of the firm and then he gets along so plain always that such differences had noth­ Secretary of Commerce Maurice H. Stans, very well with all of his help, because of his ing with our doing business with each other await trial on felony charges. They are un­ sincere interest in their oersonal welfare and and using each others products and services der indictment for perjury. Former White he has a very low turnover of personnel at where such would be of benefit. House counsel John W. Dean m has been Buchanan Chevrolet & Olds. And you'll have to give him credit. He named a coconspirator with them. One salesman came back a couple of years stands up for what he believes, for the good Several lesser personages in the Nixon ad­ ago from 20 years of service in the Air Force of the community, and he'll speak out ministration are under investigation or have and said that he had planned all of those plainly. Perhaps that's the best test of all of been indicted for activities connected with years to "come back one day and sell cars a. good citizen-his activity in local politics, the Watergate break-in or the President's for Buck." his drive, sometimes controversial, in com­ re-election campaign. He was one of the organizers of the Osce­ munity affairs, have never cost him a. dime's And still the bottom is not in sight. Both ola. Chamber of Commerce 1n 1947 and served the Senate committee and the U.S. attor­ on the board of directors almost continuously worth of business. until about three years ago when he said, Seeing him active around the auto agency ney general are continuing their separate "It's time for a younger man to take over." you'd never accuse him of being one of the investigations. Special prosecutor Archibald More demonstration of good sense. Elder Businessmen of the City but he does Cox last week won a. U.S. appellate court Mr. Buchanan is one of the four local lead­ take it much easier than he used to. decision that ordered Nixon to turn over to ers given most of the credit for the record Because he has built an organization that a district judge presidential tape recordings industrialization of this small city. When the will take care of the business, 1f need be, and related to Watergate. These are crucial and Chamber of Commerce was organized, those he has built a. reputation that will last. could exonerate or implicate the President. October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34961 Still another committee of Congress is in­ In short, the real question here is not, The special prosecutor's decision to press vestigating the use of government funds as Cox said, whether we will have gov­ forward on the legal front to obtain the at President Nixon's private estates. The than President's tapes hardly constitutes an "ex­ chairman of that committee has said evi­ ernment by law rather government traordinary impropriety." On the contrary, dence has been turned up that raises "seri­ by men, but whether we shall have gov­ it constitutes the fulfillment of his mandate ous questions of propriety." ernment or whether we shall have a pub­ to "review all documentary evidence avail· Never has the presidency been so be­ lic mess. able from any source, as to which he shall smirched. Public opinion polls have never have full access." before recorded such low trust in the presi­ Similarly, the refusal of Attorney General dency. Seldom has Congress regarded the AFL-CIO CALLS FOR RICHARD Richardson to fire Cox was in accordance presidency so suspiciously. NIXON TO RESIGN OR BE IM­ with the understanding between him and One year ago it was unthinkable that the PEACHED the special prosecutor, which understanding v1ce president and other top members of was also at the basis of the Senate's con­ government might be forced to resign and firmation of Mr. Richardson as Attorney face criminal prosecution. It is no longer un­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL General. thinkable, it is now fact. Mr. Nixon's determination to prevent judi­ One year ago it was unthinkable that Pres­ OF NEW YORK cial examination of his tapes, no matter ident Nixon might be impeached or forced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what the cost to our constitutional system, to resign because of scandals in his adminis­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 can only further erode public confidence in tration. It is no longer unthinkable. The him. When the President appears fearful of Watergate investigations have an uncon­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the public facing a Supreme Court composed in large trolled momentum and no one can predict outcry over the President's actions this measure of his own appointees, the public what their outcome wlll be. past weekend has been amazing. On can scarcely resist the darkest speculations. It is in this atmosphere that Congress is October 22, at the lOth Constitutional We believe that the American people have considering the vice presidential nomina­ had enough. More than enough. tion of Ford. Because of these political un­ Convention of the AFL-CIO, the execu­ We therefore ca11 upon Richard Nixon, certainties. Congress must not look at Ford tive council adopted a resolution asking President of the United States, to resign. in light of his vice presidential qualifica­ for the resignation of President Nixon, We ask h1m to resign in the interest of tions, but instead must determine whether and in the event of his failure to resign, preserving our democratic system of govern­ he is capable of being president. his impeachment. I have taken the lib­ ment, which requires a relationship of trust President Nixon's removal from oftlce is a and candor between the people and their possibllity that is not relished, but lt is a erty of placing this resolution into the political leaders. possibility that exists. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, for the benefit of We ask him to resign in the interest of my colleagues: restoring a fully functioning government, STATEMENT BY THE AFL-CIO EXECUTIVE COUN­ which his Administration is too deeply in CIL ON PRESIDENT NIXON TO THE 10TH disarray to provide. We ask him to resign in the interest of STATEMENT REGARDING WATER­ CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, BAL HARBOR, FLA., OCTOBER 22, 1973 national security. GATE TAPES If Mr. Nixon does not resign, we call upon The Constitutional crisis that began with the House of Representatives forthwith to what the White House once described as a initiate impeachment proceedings against HON. CRAIG HOSMER "third-rate burglary" has now been brought him. OF CALIFORNIA to a head by the absolutely unprecedented We also call upon the Congress to hold up IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and shocking actions of President Nixon further consideration of the President's Vice within the last 48 hours. President-designa.te, Mr. Ford. Clearly, a Wednesday, October 24, 1973 In rapid succession, these events have President who has placed himself on the taken place: brink of impeachment should not be allowed Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the degree The President demanded that Attorney of confidentiality with which a U.S. Pres­ to name his successor untll the charges General Elliot Richardson fire special Water­ against him have been disposed of satisfac­ ident, as the head of a separate and inde­ gate prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson torily. pendent branch of the Government, shall refused and resigned. The President demand­ We concur completely With Archibald Cox, conduct his business has been in steady ed that Deputy Attorney General William D. who said at the time of his dismissal: diSPute with the Congress and the courts Ruckelshaus fire Cox. Ruckelshaus refused "Whether we shall continue to be a govern­ since the inception of the Republic. and was fired. The President ordered his ment of laws and not of men is now for Con­ President Nixon's position in this re­ Solicitor General, Robert H. Bork, to fire Cox, gress and ultimately the American people to gard in connection With the Watergate and Bork, now Acting Attorney General, com­ decide." plied. The President ordered the FBI to seal Impeachment is not a prospect we contem­ tapes is neither more nor less than a off the oftlces of the special prosecutor, the plate with pleasure. No decent American can part of this historic issue. Attorney General and the Deputy Attorney derive any partisan satisfaction whatever I thought that the compromise worked General-thereby, in effect, taking possession from the misfortune of his nation. And surely out to satisfy the court's order by fur­ of the Watergate evidence. the American labor movement 1s not inter­ nishing verified summaries of the tapes These incredible actions have revealed the ested in aiding any reckless attacks on the was an intelligent approach which re­ extent to which Mr. Nixon is prepared to go Presidency. We are especially concerned about spected both public and Presidential in­ to prevent the full disclosure of evidence the office of the Presidency in these times of terests. I believe Special Prosecutor Cox relating to the Watergate cover-up and grave danger on the International front. other charges of criminal conduct by high But the cause of peace and freedom in the properly could have agreed to it. When government officials. He had already refused world cannot be served by a discredited Pres­ he chose not to do so, his logical course the orders of two courts to turn nine of his idency at home. Our allies' best hope-man­ was to resign in disagreement, as did the tapes bearing on the Watergate matters over kind's best hope-lies in the strength of our Attorney General. to Judge John Slrlca. democratic institutions. Since this matter is one involving dis­ The President seems determined not to Justice may be done, the risks of not do­ agreement among legal experts on an discharge the chief obligation of his oftlce. ing it being more than a democracy can Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution safely bear. ambiguous question of constitutional law, states that, "he shall take care that the laws I do not regard impeachment of the be faithfully executed." But Mr. Nixon seems President as a logical response to the utterly determined to frustrate the full and situation. impartial administration of the law. CONGRATULATIONS TO JAMES Moreover, it appears to me that the When the Senate Judiciary Committee DAVIS President's subsequent action in releas­ confirmed the appointment of Cox, it acted ing these tapes may set an unhappy With the understanding, spelled out in the HON. THOMAS M. REES precedent. How skillfully Judge Sirica guidelines drawn up by the Attorney Gen­ eral, on May 19, that he would have: "full OF CALIFORNIA handles them will have a lot to do with authority with respect to . . . determlning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that. Advisers to Presidents could become whether or not to contest the assertion of reluctant to speak frankly knowing that 'executive privilege• or any other testimonial Wednesday, October 24~ 1973 their words might be freely publicized. privilege. . . . The attorney general Will not Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, it is with great Representatives of other nations might countermand or Interfere with the special prosecutor's decisions or actions. . . . The pride that I would like to share with you be inhibited unduly in discussing grave special prosecutor will not be removed from the accomplishment of a constituent of matters of state with American Presi­ his duties except for extraordinary impro­ mtne, James Calvtn Davis of Studio City, dents for the same reason. prieties on his part." Calif. Jim has been approved as an Eagle 34962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 Scout and will receive the award at the influence is felt more in 1974 as we aim battle was fully joined. They have per­ Court of Honor of Troop No. 139 on No­ for the establishment for a generation of formed very creditably. Some Arab units vember 3, 1973. peace in the world. have performed valorously. There is no This young man has been very active question that rigorous training, improved in the Scouting program for several leadership, and a sense of purpose have years. He recently exemplified the spirit inspired both sides to do better. It is all of Scouting by building friendships with IMPORTANCE OF A STRONG a matter of attitude. Scouts he met at the National Boy Scout NATIONAL DEFENSE We, in America, should thereby recog­ Jamboree in August of this year, and by nize. that a vigorous and spirited defense acting as host to two Japanese Scouts on begins with a vigorous and spirited de­ their first visit to the United States. Jim HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON fense attitude. We cannot permit wooly­ still maintains a sincere correspondence OF ALABAMA headed thinkers and flatulent critics to with his former Japanese guests. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "rip off" the American military casually I am sure my colleagues will join with and destructively. Too much is at stake. me in extending hearty congratulations Wednesday, October 24, 1973 We should instead nourish and invigo­ to James Davis. He represents the large Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, on Oc­ rate the all-volunteer force by fostering segment of our youth who constructively tober 16, I was happy to invite a group constructive criticism when it is due, bal­ contribute to their communities and to of about 40 of our colleagues to meet in­ anced praise when it has been earned, whom our Nation will turn for guidance formally with the distinguished Repre­ and by infusing the armed services with in the years to come. sentative from Florida, Mr. LouiS FREY, a keen sense of national responsibility JR., who had just returned from a week and purpose. in Israel. His acute observations, drawn Mr. Speaker, in an era of detente, when from contact with Israeli civilian and hopes are high for a structure of lasting UNITED NATIONS CELEBRATES ITS military leaders all over the country, of­ peace, the Mid East war reminds us 28TH ANNIVERSARY fered us a stark and chilling lesson in brutally that any such structure will be the need for defense preparedness. Let fragile, uncertain, and fl.lled with latent me give some examples: danger. HON. MARIO BIAGGI First, the Israeli reserve forces were It is not militarism to understand this; OF NEW YORK mobilized and committed to battle in 3 it is not warmongering to prepare against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES days. Some reserve units were in combat such hazards. It is, rather, basic to our on the first day. Although the Arab forces discharge of citizenship. And the Wednesday, October 24, 1973 apparently achieved considerable sur­ thoughtful, patriotic citizen should be in Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today is the prise, they were stopped without decisive the forefront of such understanding. He 28th annual celebration of United Na­ military gains soon after the outset, by will tum away from it at his peril and tions Day throughout the world. It is a the very quick arrival of Israeli reservists. to the peril of all. time when we should reflect on the his­ This is not to say that decisive psycho­ tory and accomplishments of this im­ logical gains were not made. portant institution, over the 28 tumul­ There is a lesson for America here-­ tuous years of its existence. an echo of 1776: We must have the de­ EXTENSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL It is particularly appropriate that as sire to be and stay free. We have got to EDUCATION ACT NOT NEEDED we celebrate United Nations Day 1973, get behind our own Reserves and "get we find it actively working toward the with it." The Reserve components, ade­ achievement of a durable cease fire to quately trained and prepared, constitute HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK quell the raging warfare in the Middle an economical and essential insurance OF OHIO East. The successful accomplishment of against threats to the United States. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this will serve to silence the critics of Second, both sides in the Mid-East the United Nations who feel that it no have been inflicting heavy damage with Wednesday, October 24, 1973 longer represents a viable institution for an assortment of very advanced antitank Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, when the solving of major world problems. and antiaircraft systems. In fact, some the Environmental Education Act was The United Nations can point to other are more sophisticated than any in our enacted in 1970, it was not envisioned as significant achievements in the year own arsenal. Arab effort centers around a permanent piece of legislation. Its pur­ 1973. The most significant action taken the sophisticated and highly mobile SA-6 pose was to encourage State and local by the United Nations was the admit­ and SA-7 antiaircraft missiles, and the school authorities to develop and sup­ tance of East and West Germany. This Snapper antitank missile, all of which port environmental education programs. important action was interpreted by can deploy forward with armored units. This purpose has certainly been many international observers as a real The SA-7 or Strella missile is man­ achieved. Public awareness of environ­ breakthrough in solving the East-West portable, has a heat-sensing guidance mental issues has probably never been at tensions over the thorny questions of system, and has been particularly effec­ a higher level. Hundreds of environ­ Germany. tive against Israeli tank-fighter bomber mental programs have been instituted, It has been claimed by many interna­ teams. Press reports indicate that the many of them initiated by students, tional experts that the basis under which Israelis have countered with the Shrike teachers, and communities without any the United Nations was formed is no antiradiation missile, the Sparrow and money from the Federal Government. longer applicable today. Yet I contend Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, and a va­ Today, however, we are asked to ex­ that an international policy based on riety of electro-optical guided bombs. tend the Environmental Education Act collective security is more viable today Here is another lesson for thoughtful for 3 years at a cost of $45 million. De­ than at any other time in the 28 years men: The combat environment of the spite the fact that the goals of the pro­ of the United Nations' existence. With future will be more uncertain than ever, gram have been achieved, many Con­ the emerging detente between the two as new technology is brought to bear. gressmen seem intent on expending an­ super-powers, the United States and the Supremacy in a future contest will de­ other $45 million for this bill rather than Soviet Union, the emphasis will nQw shift pend greatly on current research and de­ risk being labeled antienvironment. to other major world powers such as velopment, a field in which I would re­ This program should be terminated. China, Japan, and Germany, thus trans­ mind you that the Soviets are moving We should not extend. the act for an ad­ ferring our former bipolar world into a ahead with great speed. Obviously, we ditional 3 years simply because it has multipolar one. It is in this format that must mind our own progress here, and the word "environment" in its title. the United Nations can serve its most not fall asleep over the past success of The following minority views on this useful function. American technology. legislation were joined in by Mr. LAND­ It is in light of these facts that this Third, there has been .considerable GREBE, Mr. HUBER, and myself: year's celebration of United Nations Day surprise both in Israel and in this coun­ MINORITY VIEWS ON H.R. 8927 is truly a significant event. I look for­ try that the Arab forces did not dissolve There 1s no valid reason for extending the ward to its continued growth and hope its like a $2 suit in a heavy rain once the Environmental Education Act. October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34963 First of all, the Act was never intended to TELEPHONE PRIVACY IN KENTUCKY monwealth Attorney or a County Attorney be permanent. Its purpose was to stimulate may prosecute for a violation of this Act. nationwide interest in environmental edu­ cation-a goal which, as explained by As­ HON. LES ASPIN sistant Secretary of Health, Education and OF WISCONSIN Welfare Sidney P. Marland in his testimony SPACE TECHNOLOGY before the Select Education Subcommittee, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been fulfilled. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 'Ib.ere is, we trust, no doubt that environ­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE mental and ecological issues have been Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the assistant brought to the "height of public conscious­ attorney general of Kentucky, Mr. Rob­ OF TEXAS ness." If there is any other issue presently ert V. Bullock, has informed me that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more "sacred" to the public, we are not a telephone solicitation act will be pre­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 aware of it. As evidence, one need only note sented to the Kentucky Legislature in that Congress, never an institution to be January 1974, for its consideration. Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, a out of step With the "public interest," has recent article in the Lincoln Star by Dick passed a virtual tidal wave of legislation de­ I have sponsored in the House for the past 2 years a telephone privacy bill Holman, Friday, September 14, 1973, dis­ signed to "protect the environment." As fur­ cusses several innovations which were di­ ther evidence, one need only observe the ex­ which will allow individuals to place a treme reluctance of many Members of Con­ no-trespassing sign on their telephone. rectly derived from our national space gress to oppose H.R. 3927, even though they Individual telephone subscribers will be program. I include Mr. Holman's article agree that the program has served its pur­ able to indicate that they do not wish in the RECORD as an example of the many pose; apparently the fear of being labeled to be solicited over the phone for com­ and continuing contributions that our "anti-environment" is just too much to cope mercial reasons. national space program is making to the With. daily lives of every American: Secondly, extension of the Environmental Kentucky's proposal goes much fur­ ther and makes it unlawful for any SPACE TECHNOLOGY OFFERS BETTER CHUCK­ Education Act is inconsistent not only with HOLE FILLER the President's budget request but with his person to solicit the sale of merchandise government reform strategy as well. 'Ib.e Act or services by telephoning a prospective (By Dick Holman) represents the sort of unduly narrow, cate­ purchaser at his home. Lincoln's chuck-hole problem-the bane gorical program which the Administration Similar legislation has also been intro­ of winter and spring motorists-could be is in the process of phasing out in favor of duced in the Virginia Senate and public solved with the technology that helped send broader categories of assistance which leave man into space. more decision making in the hands of State hearings have been held. Louis Mogavero of the National Aeronau­ and local school officials. Since there is an Telephone privacy, I believe, is the tics and Space Administration (NASA) ex­ automatic one-year extension of this Act, right of every citizen. I am hopeful that plained Thursday that the chuck-hole rem­ we have untll June 30, 1974, to phase out through either Federal legislation or ac­ edy is one of many spin-offs-new techniques funding under this authority and intergrate tions by individual States that telephone and materials developed in the space e1fort-­ environmental educational efforts into the subscribers will be able to halt the re­ that NASA is offering the public. various broader authorities for Federal aid lentless attempts of telephone salesmen "We try to return to the taxpayer some of to education if we do so choose. his investment in the space and aeronautics Let us acknoWledge that this program has to hawk their wares over the phone. program," said Mogavero, deputy director of fu11illed its intended goal. Let us not waste A copy of the proposed Kentucky stat­ NASA's technology utilization office. the taxpayers money by extending an act ute follows: He told newsmen that NASA wants to simply because it has the word "environ­ CONSUMERS' ADVISORY COUNCIL, DEPARTMENT transfer technology to supply the needs of ment" in its title. OF LAW: AN ACT RELATING TO TELEPHONE users-and let the free enterprise system take EARL F. LANDGREBE, SOLICITATION over." JOHN M. ASHBROOK, Be it enacted by the General Assembly of For example, Mogavero said NASA learned ROBERT J. HUBER. the Commonwealth of Kentucky: municipalities are looking for a better Section 1. A new section of Chapter 367 chuck-hole filler. that won't sink or crack. of the Kentucky Revised Statutes is created NASA took a thermoplastic used chemically to read as follows: to bind solid rocket propellants, adapted its Wn.LIAM McPHERSON McGll.L It shall be unlawful for any person to so­ technology and tested it. licit the sale of merchandise, goods or serv­ "From preliminary observations," he said, ices primarily to be used for personal, fa.mlly "it seems a better mix" than what's avail­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON or household purposes by telephoning a able now. prospective purchaser in his home. Another NASA space spin-o1f has become OF MARYLAND · available only in recent weeks: the recharge­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Section 2. A new section of Chapter 367 of the Kentucky Revised Statutes is created to able heart pacemaker. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 read as follows: NASA adapted a long-term battery devel­ Section one of this act shall not apply to oped for satellite power systems. 'Ib.e agency Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last week any telephone solicitation of a prospective applied the same reliable miniaturized cir­ William McPherson McGill, one of Fred­ purchaser who has an established charge ac­ cuitry to the pacemaker. erick County's most distinguished cit­ count, or an established course of sales NO OPERATION izens, passed away. Mr. McGill, a transactions between the prospective pur­ "All the patient does now is put on a vest, Frederick County schoolteacher for 48 chaser and the seller or company causing the plug it in and recharge the battery through y~ars, was the last teacher in the county solicitation. induction." 'Ib.e innovation precludes ex­ to teach in a one-room school. Section 3. A new section of Chapter 367 of pensive and hazardous operations required the Kentucky Revised Statutes is created to to recharge earlier pacemakers, he said. William McGill is remembered as a read as follows: NASA offers the spin-offs to municipali­ "Gentleman of the Old School" who kept Section 1 of this Act shall not apply to ties, industry, business and entrepreneurs his pupils on a strict schedule timed by non-profit charitable organizations who so­ for free, Mogavero said; yet he said "we have his gold watch, who taught the three licit for funds or charitable donations only, trouble" convincing them to commercialize R's, plenty of geogr&phy and the flora and who do not offer an accompanying sale the technology for public use. and fauna of the woods and fields around of merchandise, goods or services, whose However, great numbers of spin-offs have his schools. He gave up a principal's job sales price does not exceed $3.00. already been put to practical applications. at Foxville to keep alive Phillips Delight, Section 4. A new section of Chapter 367 Mogavero explained that a woman para­ of the Kentucky Revised Statutes is cre­ lyzed from the neck down now operates her a one-room elementary school on the ated to read as follows: arm with very fine movements using a tongue mountain near Catoctin Hollow. Any person who conducts telephone solici­ switch. "For the first time in 18 years, she Mr. McGill began teaching in 1910 at tations to prospective purchasers in violation wrote a letter to her daughter," he said. the Catoctin Furnace School. He served of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor 'Ib.e switch was adapted. from NASA's re­ at Creagerstown Elementary, Ijams­ and be fined not less than $500 nor more mote control devices. than $1 ,000 or confined for 6 months or both, ville, the Deerfield School, Graceham, EYE SWITCH Bloomfield, Phillips Delight, and Fox­ and for the second offense shall be fined not less than $500 nor more than $1,000 and shall Because of tremendous G-forces that ville. He retired in 1955. William McPher­ pinned astronauts to their seats, NASA de­ son McGill will be sorely missed by his be confined for not less than 30 days nor veloped a light sensor that reflects into the family and friends and his many ex-stu­ more than 90 days, and for conviction of a the astronauts' eyes and allows them to third offense shall be fined not less than manipulate controls by mere eye movement. dents. His many contributions to educa­ $500 nor more than $1,000 and confined for 'Ib.at same technology, Mogavero said, has tion and his community will be long not less than 90 days nor more than 10 been adapted to allow an invalid to guide hiS remembered. months, and the Attorney General or a Com- wheel chair. 34964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 In nonmedical advances, he said, one spin­ government raising revenues by swindling its Or at least it used to. For Las Vegas is off allows inexpensive extraction of pure cost­ citizens rather than taxing them. cha.nging. Not only are more and more people ly metals from a.bandoned cars. Another coming every year-they are a different kind ra.pidly detects drug use through urinalysis, When we speak of legalized gambling, of people. Las Vegas now boasts a Holiday a technique "so finely tuned that it can Kristol notes, we are not speaking of Inn and a Howard Johnson's. And it is at­ pick up the ca.sual user--once a week," he simply rescinding the laws which make tracting, in ever greater numbers, a Holiday expla.ined. gambling illegal. He notes that- Inn and Howard Johnson's crowd~luttered For the refrigerator in the home or the re­ We are, in most cases, talking about legal­ station wagons, yelping dogs, whining chil­ frigerated boxcar, he showed a tiny IWI, an izing it in a very special way-i.e., either as dren and a.ll. The Chamber of Commerce is irreversible wa.rning indicator, which indi­ socialized industry or a regulated and mo­ very proud of the fa.ct that so many "middle cates by color change if frozen goods have nopolistic (or oligopolistic) "public utility.'' Americans" a.re now casually stopping off thawed. And we are inclined to think, these days, that here for a few days of fun and games. I am The IWI costs two cents in large qua.ntities such a.n extension of the public sector repre­ appalled. It is not only that they wlll ruin a.nd slx cents in sma.ller quantities, and can sents a natural increment to the "welfare Las Vegas as an authentic city of occa.sional prevent food poisoning, for example, if the state." sin; these are people who are helping to power went out whlle a famlly was out of obliterate the distinction between vice and town. When government gets into the gam­ innocent entertainment--a distinction cru­ BEGAN IN 1982 bling business, according to Mr. Kristol: cial to a self-governing polity, in which (to In an address to the Professional Engineers It necessarUy assumes the responsibllities borrow a phrase from "America the Beau­ of Nebraska Thursday evening, Mogavero said for seeing that this business grows a.nd pros­ tiful") we propose to "confirm our soul in the technology utilization program began in pers. In effect, it proclaims that gambling is self control." 1962. uot a necessary evil but an inherently good DANGER AHEAD He explained how NASA teams all over the thing. And it does this while telling its citi­ Las Vegas inverts the normal moral situa­ U.S. "seek out technical problems that might zens that, if they are to be good Americans, tion: here, vice is public and only virtue is a lend themselves to solution by adaptations they should work hard, save their money, private affair. Such inversion is tolerable so of existing spa.ce technology." shun all get-rich schemes. Is this not ridicu­ long as one realizes how abnormal it is. But When a technology can be applied for lous? once Las Vegas comes to be regarded as just commercial use, the informa.tion can be ex­ another va.cation resort, to which one takes tracted from NASA's data bank or NASA If we believe that gambling should be the family without a qualm, we are in da.nger puts the party in direct conta.ct with the legalized, then the thing to do is simply of losing our moral bearings. Las Vegas ma.y NASA inventor or innovator, he said. to repeal the laws prohibiting it. Gam­ end up more virtuous-but only by de-moral­ "One of the problems we are working on bling then would become a free and open lzing the rest of the country. is to effect changes in the NASA patent pol­ part of the marketplace. The significa.nce of the changes under way icy that ought to encourage more business­ What those who seek State and city in American manners and morals is high­ men to use technology which is patented," run lotteries are asking for, however, is lighted by the latest issue of Forbes to reach he said. "NASA is now a.ble to accelerate com­ the Las Vegas newssta.nds. Its lead story, mercial use (of spin-offs) by granting exclu­ something far different, it is not the le­ "Gambling: the Hottest Growth Industry?" sive licenses much earlier than wa.s allowed galization of gambling, but its socializa­ predicts--with a confidence not to be chal­ under the old regulations." tion. lenged-the growing legalization of gambling Mogavero emphasized that "all this is not Concluding his article, Mr. Kristol in state after state. The cover is graced with NASA hornblowing. It represents long hours writes that- a photograph of the late W. C. Fields peering of work and promotion of the idea that the from behind a "hand" of cards. Only four If we legalize gambling in principle and cards are visible; the fifth is presumably up taxpayers are entitled to maximum mileage then socialize it to boot, we have declared for their hard-earned spa.ce dollars." his sleeve. that it is in no way a blameworthy activity. Now, I yield to no ma.n in my admiration That's going too far. of W. C. Fields. A world without such de­ I wish to share this important article viants and eccentrics and rebels against mo­ by Irving Kristol, which appeared in the rolaity would be a tedious place. But for a LOTTERIES: VICE AND vm.TUE W. C. Fields to emerge in full splendor, he September 13, 1973, Wall Street Journal, needs a "straight" millieu. One ca.n envisage with my colleagues, and insert it into the him easily enough at a typical Holiday Inn, HON. PHILIP M. CRANE RECORD at this time: selling snake oil or running a crooked game OF n.LINOIS VICE AND VmTUE IN LAs VEGAS of bingo. In Las Vegas, he'd be trampled to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Irving Kristol) death by the rush of housewives to the slot machines. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 LAS VEGAS. NEV.-They smlled indulgently Do we really want to go the way of legal­ when I said I was going to vislt my sister Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, at the pres­ ized gambling? There are importa.nt issues in­ and brother-in-law in Las Vegas. Oddly volved, which no one seems to be seriously ent time in the city of Chicago, there are enough, I was telllng the truth-well, half discussing. In part, this is because serious many who advocate a city lottery. Their the truth anyway. The other half of the discussion of moral issues-e.g., drugs, por­ argument is that since criminal lotteries truth, of course, was that I was going to Las nography, sexual promiscuity-goes against take in $100 million a year and benefit Vegas to indulge in the vice of gambling. the spirit of the age, which would have only those who illegally operate them, I use the word "vice" advisedly. The kind trouble recognizing a moral issue if it ran and since a legal lottery would benefit of gambling one does in Las Vegas is a vice. over one on Main Street, in broad daylight. We are not, after all, talking about a friendly But in the case of gambling there is another the city, that it be instituted. and convivial game of poker or ca.nasta. That In reason why the moral aspect of the matter 1s fact, a report by the chairman of is more in the nature of "gaming" than of so vigilantly ignored. This is because, when the license commission was given to the gambling. There is nothing friendly or con­ we are talking about legalizing gambling, we city council which declared that a legal vivial about Las Vegas. It is all impersonal are in most cases talking about legalizing it city lottery would gross at least $150 mil­ and solitary--one abandons oneself to fanta­ in a very special way-i.e., either as socialized lion. sies of omniscience, omnipotence, and of get­ industry or a regulated a.nd monopolistic (or A number of States have entered the ting something for nothing. It most definite­ at least oligopolistic) "public utllity." And we gambling business. The arguments for ly undermines the classical virtues. (modera­ are inclined to think, these days, that such an tion, self-reliance, self-discipline, thrift, dil­ extension of the public sector represents a doing so are similar to those now being igence, etc.) while nourishing the classical natural increment to the "welfare state." heard in Chicago. Too often, the argu­ vices (extravagance, avarice, the lack of so­ The most common argument in favor of le· ments against doing so are not given the cial responsib111ty, etc.). Moralists and psy­ galizing gambling is that a lot of people gam· chiatrists agree that thls kind of gambling ble anyway, so why make it a crlmlna.l activ· hearing they deserve. is altogether a bad thing; which is, I sup­ We have all heard the argument that tty? Let's "de-criminalize" it and thereby re­ pose, why it is so intensely pleasurable. duce the crime statistics. Despite its superfi· since people gamble anyway, why not I have always been rather fond of Las cial plausibility, this argument makes little benefit the State. George Will, writing Vegas because it candidly is an utterly vi­ sense. If it is to be applied to gambling, it can in the Washington Post, expresses the cious pla.ce (i.e., a place for vice) . Despite be applied with equal cogency to faith-heal· view that this is no reason for Govern­ the big-name entertainment and the lavish ing, "pyramid" sales schemes, and all such decor, everyone knows what the business of a.ctivities, now illegel, where the victim is a ment to enter a self-destruction business Las Vegas is, and everyone knows what willing participant in the crime. The SEC on a grand scale. transactions he has come to participate ln. does not sanction stock market swindles, even Irving Kristol, writing in the Wall Set in the midst of a barren desert, with no where the odds against the investor are scru­ Street Journal, declares that-- industry of any kind, no pretty scenery or pulously spelled out somewhere in a prospec­ The case for legalized gambling is, at bot­ natural charms, Las Vegas exists for sinning tus. And gambling-as distinct from what I tom, simply a.n argument in favor of the and nothing else. have called "gambllng''-is, technically, a October 24, 1973' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34965 swindle; the payoffs on bets must be less than a legal right to work for a penny less than the That the Watergate investigation has been fair, and the overwhelming majority of the minimum wage and for the government then quashed by the man being investigated "investors" must eventually lose their to encourage us all to blow our week's wages should not be obscured by all the diversions money, if the gambling enterprise ts to sur­ at the betting cage? Does it really make this devious politician has prepared to dis­ vive and prosper. sense for the government to enact a moun­ guise it. White House lawyers apparently are Besides being unconvincing, this argu­ tain of legislation-from SEC registration to going into court to argue that Mr. Nixon's ment in favor of legalized gambling is dis­ the labeling of consumer products-which unilateral proposal of a self-serving means of ingenuous. Just how disingenuous may be protects people from unwise expenditures resolving the tapes controversy met the court discovered by asking the question: If we Wish while urging them to make the unwisest ex­ requirement that he turn the tapes over to to legalize gambling, why not simply erase penditure of all, i.e., a gambling bet? Judge Sirlca. They wlll argue further that the prohibitions from the law books and Of course it 1s ridiculous. And dishonest. this proposal was indeed a "compromise," al­ leave the rest to private enterprise? The re­ And corrupting, both of people and govern­ though it takes two sides to a controversy to joinder will be either (a) that gambling ment. But the urge to spend the people's make a compromise, and although, on its under private enterprise wlll cheat the ordi­ money for the people's welfare is so powerful !ace, Mr. Nixon's proposal was more nearly a nary more than the state Will (which 1s not (and so mindless) that it actually comes to fiat accompanied by a peremptory order to always true, as every horse-better in New seem proper to cheat the people in order to Mr. Cox not to return to the courts in fur­ York City knows), or (b) that profits from get this money to spend on their welfare. This ther pursuit of the tapes. such a sinful activity as gambling ought not is paternalism run amok. It also is being argued that this Nixon to line private pockets but should rather be I have no doubt that there are some silly power play is a compromise because it was directe~ into the public purse. That last anti-gaming laws on the books-petty laws. a.ccepted, more or less, by Senator Ervin, proposition is clearly absurd in its moral ineffectual laws, which ought simply to be re­ whose flabby in&dequacy as an investigator logic; as George Will has pointed out in The pealed. And if we really are tired and bored was finally made clear, and by Senator Baker, Washington Post, the fact that government with enforcing the laws against gambling, who is a Republican Presidential possib111ty, cannot prevent people from being self-de­ then the honest thing to do is to repeal them on behalf of a committee that had no say structive is no reason for government to go on as well. Gambling will then be the free folly in their decision. In fact, the committee a grand scale. But morally absurd or not, this of an individual. already h&d been denied the tapes by the is the argument that counts. The case for le­ But if we legalize gambling in principle, courts, so that the two Senators were not galized gambling is, at bottom, simply an ar­ and then socialize it to boot, we have declared compromising but swa 'lowing a Nixonlan gument in favor of the government raising that it is in no way a blameworthy activity. handout of sucker-bait. At that, they did revenues by swindling its citizens rather than That's going too far. One Las Vegas, far away not then know that their acceptance would by taxing them. and only sometimes visited, we can easily tol­ be used to make Mr. Cox appear intransi­ The article in Forbes makes it quite clear erate-even benignly tolerate. But one is gent; although they pTesumably did know, that the impetus for legalized gambling quite enough. as Mr. Nixon surely did, that whether or not comes from the promise it holds of raising they accepted on behalf of the Senate com­ substantial revenues in a "painless" way. mittee had no bearing on what the special When the idea of legalized gambling began prosecutor had to do on behalf of the grand to take shape some years back, our state jury for whioh he originally had sought the budgets were indeed in bad shape. But today MR. NIXON TAKES A WHITEWASH tapes. that is no longer the case. For various rea­ As for Mr. Nixon's selection of John Sten­ sons--revenue sharing, the declinlng birth nis as auditor of the tapes---e. political mas­ rate, general prosperity-most states are now HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL ter-stroke--it is no reflection on Mr. Stennis' running budgetary surpluses, and tax cuts OF NEW YORK undoubted vemcity to inquire why he, but are becoming more common than tax in­ not a Federal judge in his chambers, should creases. Nevertheless, there are a great many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pass on the accuracy of the "sum.ma.ries" people in our society whose notion of "pro­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 Mr. Nixon proposed to provide; or to point gressive" politics is always to be thinking of out that the proposaa would set aside the new ways for the government to spend Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, despite the normal judicial process, by Nixonian decree, money for the welfare of its citizens. And President's recent action in complying in favor of an ad hoc attangement with noth­ since taxation 1s unpopular, these people have with the u.s. District Court of Appeals' ing to recommend it but the reputation ot persuaded themselves that it 1s in the public decision that he hand the disputed tapes one elderly and infirm man. As Mr. Cox ex­ interest for the government to swindle its over to Judge Sirica, serious questions plained, moreover, however John Stennis citizens so that it can then launch programs might vouch for them, no court would or that would improve their lives, materially still remain as to whether the investiga­ should accept "summaries" rather than the and spiritually. tion into his administration's activities tapes themselves as evidence for either the As a result, various forms of legalized will be able to continue unimpeded. It is, prosecution or any defendant-which may gambling are already in existence in several I think, most important that Congress be something Mr. Nixon had in mind all states while other states are contemplating ·immediately act to reestablish, by stat­ along. the inaurguration of them. And we have ute, the office of the special prosecutor, All of these matters are diversionary and learned something very interesting from our thereby insuring its independence from are being advanced by White House double­ experience so far. This is tha.t legalized gam­ the President and the Executive Branch. talk artists in order to hide from the public bling, if it is to "work" (i.e., raise revenues), the snuffing out of Archibald Oox's special must be run like any other business selling I am taking the liberty of inserting Mr. investigation, and the reassertion of the same any other commodity. It has to be advertised Tom Wicker's article on this subject kind of political control ot the Justice De­ and promoted: non-gamblers have to be per­ which appeared in the October 23 edition partment that made Mr. Oox's appointment suaded to gamble. It has to be attractively of the New York Times. I am sure that necessary in the first place. packaged: there must be various forms of my colleagues will be interested in Mr. That appointment was forced upon Mr. gambling to suit pocketbooks large and small, Wicker's remarks on the need for an in­ Nixon by Congress because the Senate would and to satisfy diverse tastes for a speculative dependent investigation into the Nixon not have confirmed Elliot Richardson as At­ rung. It must be innovative: new modes of torney General without the promise that a administration's activities: special prosecutor would be named and given gambling have to be devised and introduced, MR. NIXON TAKES A WHITEWASH lest people become bored with losing their independent powers to investigate; and Mr. (By Tom Wicker) Richardson's resignation was in recognition money. It must be deceptive: the odds WAsHINGTON.-Richard Nixon has ordered of that promise and of its violation by Rich­ against winning are emphatically not printed ard Nixon. Therefore, Congress has no choice, on your betting ticket. And both the stakes his own whitewash. He has put an end to an investigation of his Administration's activ­ if it is nl dropout who has the ab111ty and motl- Army which mirrors America. It's not going Guard and Army Reserve as viable outfits. vation, we offer work toward a high school to be a mercenary Army, it's going to be an No such demise is in sight, although we do diploma, as an adjunct to training. To the all-American Army. face problems here. We have seen modest re­ high school graduate, an opportunity for This then is our plan. It is not only our ductions in the strengths of both our Reserve college training, part of which may be as plan for the future, it is also a description Components from the December 1972 levels, an adjunct to training. To junior oollege and of today's Army. For practical purposes, the a trend in fact dating from mld-1971. But college students, the posslb111ty of further draft ended for us on December 29, 1972, current indications give us some encourage­ training, and even this may be as an adjunct when the last draftee entered the Army. (Al­ ment that we may be able to restrain this to training. And to all of them, the Army though a few deferred draftees entered decline. We have in the past several months. offers voca,tional training that wm be use- later.) So we have had about 10 months' ex­ for example, been successful in recruiting ful when the soldier returns to civilian life. perience now in a volunteer environment, trained, experienced, prior-service personnel With a meaningful job, a decent standard and I think it is appropriate that we review into our Reserve Components to offset some of living, and real opportunity for continued some of the results. of our shortfall. As you know, Reserve Com­ education and training, young men and Because each month we openly discuss our ponent strength remains critically important, women can look upon a period of service goals and quotas, many have a distorted pic­ so we are very much concerned that it con­ to the country as a genuine step forward in ture of our progress. They feel we are hope­ tinue to receive close attention. Under the their lives. And when they leave the Service, lessly short of recruiting goals, trying to total force policy any future emergency they will realize other very important ad- make up the gap by lowering quality, and buildup will have to rely upon the National vantages. For one thing, under the GI Bill, as a consequence, ending up With nothing Guard and Reserve rather than a draft for they are entitled to more education, provided worthwhile whatever. It is true that we have inltlal and primary augmentation of our Ac­ by the govern.ment to its veterans. And they missed our goals during the past 10 months. tive forces. I expect the improving image of are more mature. The Army has trained But it is important to remember that our the volunteer Army to have the positive ef­ them, given them each a mission, and then goals are akin to the salesman's goals--real­ fect on the health of our Reserve Component held them responsible for professional re- istic, but difficult to meet. recruitment that is needed. suits. This responslb111ty develops maturity. What are the facts? During these past Finally, com1lat readiness, which is the Thus, both the education and experience of months, we have recruited into the volunteer heart of our business, has shown significant military service prepare them for better jobs Army some 124,000 young men and women; improvement. When the draft ended, we hatd when they leave the Army for civilian further, over 34,000 men and women have re­ 13 divisions on the books, but only 10 fully careers. enlisted during this period. In fact we have formed. Of the 13 divisions, only 4 met the All of these benefits are pointed toward been running about 84 percent of our recruit­ Army's stringent readiness standards and the first term volunteer. For those who ing objective ever since December 29, 1972, were considered ready for combat. By con­ choose to reenlist for the volunteer Army, when we abandoned the draft. And those who trast, we now have all 13 divisions fully op­ however, more opportunities for education, have come into the Army are of high quality. erational and 10 ready for combat. Thus, our maturity, and service accrue. We have had a higher percentage of high divisions today, judged by the stringent We have, today, the finest noncommis- school graduates entering the Army since the standards reported to the Joint Chiefs of stoned officer leadership training we have draft ended-about 10 percent higher-than Staff, much more nearly meet their goals in ever had, with progressive career steps going we had in the 6 months before the end of terms of authorized strength, personnel job from the recruit right on through our top the draft. As a result, we now have an Active qualification, unit training, equipment on command sergeant major. Our men and Army of over 794,000 and this is 97 percent hand, and equipment servlceabllity than they women enjoy the benefits of our new Non- of our programed strength. Total accessions, did at the end of the draft. Six months to a commissioned Officer Education System, a then, have fallen somewhat short of our year from now, I believe our readiness pos­ system which offers to the noncommissioned goals, but we are still filled far above any ture will be even better. officer a progressive, professional military · level of concern, and quality is high. These simple facts and figures point to one education roughly comparable to the superb And we have many encouraging signs. Last conclusion-The Army is better today than system of schooling we have always offered year we decided to reactivate the 9th Infan­ it was at the end of the draft. But the figures to our officers. The system trains, educates, try Division at Fort Lewis, Washington, but are not nearly so meaningful as the subjec­ and motivates our NCO leaders for the pro- the manpower was not at hand. So we told tive feel of those in the Army. I certamly gressive challenges of an Army career. the commander, General Fulton, that if he don't pretend to be an expect on this, but by Some of our strongest supporters don't wanted a division, to take his cadre, the Divi­ the end of this month I Will have visited all fully understand today's Army. They think sion colors, and go out and recruit a division. 13 of the Army's active divisions, as wen as the Army lost something important when we General Fulton and his recruiters did just many other posts and stations. During every initiated, for example, the idea of hiring that. They began a vigorous recruiting cam­ visit I have talked with new soldiers, with civ111an help-KPs--to work in the kitchens paign and today that Division stands at 102 senior noncommissioned officers, with junior and dining rooms. They think that elimi- percent strength, essentially filled with en­ officers, with senior officers and commanders. nating such irritants as KP has matcte the listed volunteer soldiers. Now, this is a real I can tell you that without any question, to­ Army soft. But the Army's mission is not to success story, a living example which illus­ day's Army is a far better Army, far more peel potatoes; its mission is to fight. Peeling trates concretely that the volunteer Army prepared for combat than it was at the end potatoes does not improve discipline or com- program is not an impossible dream, but a of the draft. I can just feel it everywhere I bat efficiency. So changes to some things held workable idea, and it is typical of many other go. It's in the air. Discipline is better, morale traditional in the past are in the wind, but units with similar successes. is better, training is better, and equipment if you look at them, you will see that each We do not minimize our recruiting prob­ is better. The Army's future is indeed now. turns harder than ever on mission. We are lems; we spend our time and energy working And, what is more important, all of our not retreating from the Army's real business. on them. We are trying many news ap­ vital trends, with the possible exception of The volunteer Army is ready to fight. proaches to recruiting, which stress quality drug abuse (and we are working hard and We do not have and we shall not have a together With quantity--such as increasing effectively on that one), are in the right permissive Army. We have and we shall have the number of recruiters, expanding our direction today. Let me emphasize-your a disciplined Army, responsive to authority, unit-of-choice and station-of-choice options, Army is good now, ready to fight, and get­ and able to perform its mission in the serv- screening out poor soldiers in our reenlist­ ting better with the passage of time. I fore­ lee of the country. You expect It; the coun- ments, administering new entrance tests, and see no doom ahead. Six months from today try deserves it; and I'm going to do my level even weeding out misfits in basic training. we will be better, and after that, better best to see that it happens. These efforts will continue. still. In brief, that's the program we have under- Some also have expressed concern that the This picture that I give you of today's taken to attract young people, to encourage volunteer Army was doomed to failure be­ Army is enthusiastic and optimistic, and them to enter the Army. And once they're in, cause it would bring a decline in discipline. purposel:J so. I am extremely proud of to­ I know that many of them will choose to That has not been the case. If we compare day's An..ny and what has been done to make stay beyond their initial commitment, be- discipline trends for FY 72 with FY 73, a it work in the volunteer atmosphere. But I cause they will see that the Army has a very period which includes both draft and volun­ recognize our challenges. Benjamin Franklin fine career progression system. teer Army experience, we find that rates for once said that, "the man who expects noth­ I believe Americans will agree. then, that AWOL, desertion, crimes of violence, crimes ing ... shall never be disappointed." I be­ we have a. package that is appealing to to- against property, courts-martial, and sepa.­ lieve he would share my belief that men who day's young people, appealing not only in rations under less than honorable conditions, do expect something worthwhile and are terms of benefits, but in the opportunity for are down. willing to work hard for it, are apt to achieve service to country. And the beauty of this is Virtually every major indicator of disci­ it, even if the task is dl.tll.cult and unfamiliar. that it appeals to everyone in America. Serv- pline except drug offense has, in fact, re- We are daily working on new, innovative, 34968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 and exciting ideas to Insure that we get the which James Madison and other libertarians eral senators, as Edward M. Kennedy z-ight number of qua.ll.tled men and women to warned us in the context of an earlier era.. (D.-Mass.), Walter Mondale (D.-Minn.). man our Army. It wlll not be easy. It wlll It is the extra-procedural instrument by Thomas Eagleton (D.-Mo.), Gaylord Nelson perhaps be the toughest job that the U.S. which a mllitant left-wing political minority (D.-Wis.), and William Hathaway Army has ever been called upon to do, but wields power, subsidized by the taxes of the (D.-Maine), relles for its GOP leadership on I a.m certain that toda.y's Army wlll be equal American people. ranking Republican Jacob Javits-who, more to the challenge. While Nixon spokesmen irrelevantly de­ often than not, is merely an extension of the We in the Army have always needed the nounce "acid, amnesty and abortion," legal Democratic leadership. Giving support to active support of the American people. To­ services attorneys are quietly at work using Javits on the Republican side are J. Glenn day, we need it even more than ever before. Nixon Administration funds to promote lib­ Beall (Md.), (brother of Vice President Ag­ Even our strongest critics have recognized eralized drug policies, abortion on demand, new's prosecutor. Maryland U.S. Attorney that the one vital element necessary for the and assistance to military dissenters. George Beall), Richard Schweiker (Pa.), Rob­ success of the volunteer Army lies beyond While the President's legislative represen­ ert Stafford (Vt.) and Robert Taft (Ohio). the Army itself. I'm talking about the public tatives lobby for the Alaska pipeline, legal Other liberal Democrats on the committee support. We need your help a.s we plow new services activists have played a leading role includes Chairman Harrison Williams (N.J.), ground, a.s we steer an uncharted course to in delaying it. While Nixon opposes forced Harold Hughes (Iowa) , Alan Cranston give the country the best Army it has ever busing, legal services promotes it. While the (Callf.) and Claiborne Pell (R.I.). had. Without your help, we cannot succeed; President lectures about the work ethic and Subcommittee action on the corporation with it, we cannot fall. Together, we can workfare, legal services leads the legislative blll was completed on October 2 and 3. Prod­ meet the challenges and prove worthy of the strategy and grass-roots lobby for "welfare ded by Senators Javits and Kennedy, ratifi­ Nation's trust. rights." cation by the full committee and subsequent Thank you. With funds, not just from the omce of referral to the Senate fioor was expected to Economic Opportunity, but the Departments have been completed within a few days of Health, Education and Welfare, Housing thereafter. and Urban Development and the Law En­ Contrary to the assumption of those ob­ LEGAL SERVICES OUTRAGE forcement Assistance Administration and servers who have relied on Washington news­ other agencies as well, they have made their paper accounts for information about the presence felt at San Quentin, in the front line legal services controversy, the Labor and HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN of the anti-war movement, in Cesar Chevez' Public Welfare Committe has not acted on strategy meetings, in organizing for the the legal services bill which was adopted by OF MARYLAND American Indian Movement, in rent strikes, the House on June 21. That blll has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in underground newspapers, in marches sidetracked by the Democratic leadership of Wednesday, October 24. 1973 against the President; they have become the the Senate which has been heavily lobbied by vanguard of the "proletariat" which they poUtically oriented legal services grantees to Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, in the have helped create. start "from scratch" with a more permissive very near future, this House will be Now the issue is coming to a head. blll, free of restrictions on their actllvties. taking up consideration of the Legal Operating in closed meetings, without yet It has been the equally signl.tlcant objec­ Services Corporation bill once again. The having afforded any opportunity for public tive of the program's attorney beneficiaries hearings, the Senate Committee on Labor to deny jurisdiction over the proposed cor­ bill drawn up by the Senate differs con­ and Public Welfare rushed this past week poration to the relatively moderate Senate siderably from the version passed by the to mark up and send to the fioor a heavily Judiciary Committee, which would normally House, and would, in my opinion, have liberalized version of the proposal for a non­ have Jurisdiction over legal services legisla­ disastrous effects on the country. No one accountable Legal Services Corporation. tion and power of review over presidential knows better the vast potential for abuse If the Senate committee has its way, the appointments to the prospective corpora­ in an independent Legal Services Corpo­ present legal services program would be tion's Board of Directors. ration than the former Director of OEO, locked into place without any of the pro­ The Standing Rules of the Senate state In cedural safeguards adopted by the House of that the committee on the Judiciary shall Howard Phillips. a front page article Representatives in June, and minus the or­ have referred to it "all proposed legislation, in a recent issue of Human Events, the ganizational accountab111ty to the Congress messages, petitions, memorials and other conservative Washington weekly, Mr. and the President which are now available to matters related to . . . judicial proceedings, Phillips details the twisted road the bill curb abuses. civil and criminal.... " (emphasis added.) has taken here on the Hill, and offers a Critics of the OEO legal services program Nothing in the rules would even seem to sug­ warning about the consequences of en­ have pointed out that, under a centralized gest Labor and Public Welfare's claim to au­ acting legislation without the minimal national corporation, with virtually all de­ thority over the legal services program, one& safeguards provided in a number of cisions made in Washington, rather than in it is separated from OEO. the localities where the program operates, But the legal services lobby has so far suc­ amendments passed here in the House in it has been relatively easy for a small cUque ceeded on both fronts, blocking the House June. to exercise undue infiuence over legal serv­ blll and Judiciary jurisdiction. Mr. Phillips also details the role which ices policies and funding decisions. When the House-passed blll reached the the White House could play, if it were of Furthermore, legal services attorneys, com­ Senate, an attempt was made by liberals to such a mind. I sincerely hope that the pensated by salary, rather than fee, have refer it inconspicuously to the Senate Com­ President takes note of the entreaty of found themselves much freer than attorneys mittee on Labor and Public Welfare. This the man he appointed to oversee the in private practice to devote their energies to tactic failed when Michigan Sen. Robert phasing out of the Office of Economic personal political priorities, rather than Grtmn questioned it, inquiring whether the simply to respond to cllent needs. As a con­ Judiciary Committee might not more prop­ Opportunity, and I present Mr. Phillips' sequence of the monopoly staff system, which erly receive the referral. Fearing an adverse article here for the Members' considera­ excludes reliance on private practitioners, parliamentary ruling, liberal senators de­ tion: clients are unable to be assured of assist­ cided to let the House blll "be held a.t the SENATE VOTE NEARS-WILL NIXON SWALLOW ance, let alone the choice of their own at­ desk of the Senate," a procedural move to LEGAL SERVICES OUTRAGE? torney. It 1s the salaried attorney who de­ avoid a clear showdown on the Judiciary is­ (By Howard Ph1111ps) cides which clients and what causes shall sue a.t this time. This left them free to pro­ gain attention. ceed with a "clean" blll in Labor and Public The moment of truth 1s close a.t hand in Because current legal services policies have Welfare. which will be resolved one of the most crit­ encouraged group representation, political or­ In a related action, when the Brock-Helms ical, yet least debated, domestic policy issues ganizing, legislative lobbying, propagandiz­ proposal for a client-oriented, decentralized of the past decade: Legal Services. To a. very ing of the poor with radical social doctrines, legal services program was referred to Ju­ great extent the outcome wlll be shaped by and related activities, the House on June 21, diciary, liberal staffers arranged to keep it the attitude of Richard Nixon and those he adopted more than a score of amendments bottled up, without hearings, in a. new sub­ has named to man his White House staff. to limit such misdirection of resources. With­ committee headed by California Sen. John No activity of the federal government in out these restrictions, which are by no means V. Tunney, the former roommate of Ted Ken­ the modern political era. has had a. more rev­ com.prehenslve or fully adequate, present pro­ nedy, who received strong support from legal olutionary impact on our society than legal gram outrages would be locked 1n and exacer­ services employes when he defeated George services. In terms of leftist organizational bated, beyond the reach of accountablllty Murphy in 1970. success, high-impact radical propagandizing, to elected omcia.ls. The importance of the jurisdictional ques­ pervasive administrative and legislative lob­ Now, according to Senate insiders, the llb­ tion is particularly evident given the history bying, landmark test case litigation, pro­ era.l committee has determined not only to of recent months: In order to gain Labor and vision of patronage to the McGovern Demo­ emasculate the safeguards adopted by the Public Welfare Committee approval of his cratic left, and countless other ways, the House, but also to make the bill even weak­ appointment as OEO director, Alvin Arnett, legal services program has become the state­ er than the watered-down compromise intro­ who had been my principal a.dmtnlstrative subsidized theocracy of America's Liberal Es­ duced by the Admtnlstration in May. officer during the period in which I headed tablishment. It f8 the "establishment of re­ The Labor and Public Welfare Committee, OEO, found it necessary to repudiate all his ligion," albeit a secular religion, against which 1s dominated by such prominent llb- previous activities, not just iterms of rhet- October 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34969 oric, but with respect to specific policy and from his original determination to eliminate, by California Rural Legal Assistance veter­ funding decisions. He, in effect, surrendered not merely cover up, destructive and un­ an Mickey Bennett and former OEO Migrant control over the agency's management to the productive OEO activities. chief Noel Klores, they have received im­ super-liberal committee, in return for a Instead of cutting out bad grants and portant covert assistance from White House $42,500 salary and a chauffeured limousine. changing unwise policies, their objective has Counsel Leonard Garment and HEW Under Even if the President appoints men and been to reduce "political flak" by shifting Secretary Frank Carlucci. women of stronger character than Arnett to OEO components, unchanged, to new bu­ If they win, it will only be a result of the board of the corporation, they wm be­ reaucratic homes. They hoped to appease Richard Nixon's acquiescence. The simple fact come subject to persistent pressures from conservatives with the appearance of change, is that, through his power of veto, President Javits and his colleagues to surrender key while keeping liberals happy with increased Nixon can insist on legislation that meets principles as a condition of Senate approval. funding levels and the "institutionalization" high standards. Although Judiciary jurisdiction would not, elsewhere of OEO-initiated activities. Solid commitments and solemn promises of itself, assure immunity from prosecution, It is O'Neil's current tactic, adopted by were made last spring that the President it would go a long way toward removing the Arnett and Cavanaugh, to whom Arnett re­ would veto any bill which was the slightest legal services program from the clutches of ports, to insist that unless corporation legis­ degree to the left of the compromise version an exclusive liberal clique and enhancing lation is swiftly passed and a board of direc­ he sent to Congress in May-a draft already the prospect of independent governance for tors is promptly confirmed, OEO, against the dangerously weakened by liberal pressures the new corporation. President's wishes, would have to continue. before it was sent to the Hill. Leading the fight for a radicalized version This isn't true, and the argument better As part of those commitments and prom­ of the corporation proposal has been the rab­ serves the goals of the ACLU-which hopes ises, conservatives were encouraged to ad­ idly anti-Nixon American Civil Liberties to rush a legal services program into exist­ vance strengthening amendments. The Union (ACLU), whose leaders have been plot­ ence-than it does Richard Nixon. Despite clear, oft-repeated message was "We welcome ting the impeachment of Richard Nixon in O'Neil, OEO can be eliminated as an opera­ and will stand by such amendments." close cooperation with legal services activists. tional institution whenever the White House On June 21, the House, though by no In fact, one of OEO's legal services back-up decides to veto further appropriations for its means doing a perfect job, did tighten some .centers was founded by Father Robert Dri­ activities . loopholes. nan, the congressman from Massachusetts No matter what the President does, ACLU Now, as is evident to the opposition, White who introduced the first impeachment reso­ wlli still dislike him. His policies should be House spokesmen are wamtng. The commit­ lution against Nixon. While dean of the Bos­ accountable not to legal services liberals, but ments are being conveniently fudged. It is ton College Law School, Drinan played a key to those who supported his re-election. Con­ said that the President is tired of the issue role in organizing the OEO-funded National servatives are tired of the cosmetic rhetoric and wants to "get it off his back." Consumer Law Center, which bears the mark reflected in the "corporation at any cost" A lot of people still have faith that the of his influence even today. strategy and anxious to see if real reform President, in the final analysis, wm use the Despite ACLU's activities, ironically, the of anti-poverty programs is on the Presi­ power of his office to achieve a result con­ present advantage which Senate liberals en­ dent's agenda. sistent with his promises to conservatives. joy in their legal services strategy and nego­ Another flaw in the present Administration Others believe that Mr. Nixon simply wants tiations with the White House derives in thinking can be seen in the notion that to survive in office for the balance of his term large part from the fact that President Nixon specific provisions in the legal services bill and has concluded that, to do so, he must now seems more interested 1n getting the are unimportant, so long as the President abandon domestic policy-setting to his lib­ corporation quickly passed and operational has sole power to appoint its national board eral adversaries, in Congress, and in his own than do the radical forces which wm benefit of directors. This OMB-promoted view is bureaucracy. most from its enactment. As a consequence, arrogant, ignorant and short-sighted, Even if For a great many of us, this will be the Senate liberals feel encouraged to hold out Richard Nixon's leadership were provably in­ moment of truth. for the best deal they can get on the cor­ fallible, it must be borne in mind that he will poration bill's provisions. not always be President. Congress was cre­ Liberal staff members of the Labor and ated by the founding fathers to help assure Public Welfare Committee also reportedly that we would have a government of laws, NERVE GAS TESTING PLANNED plan to delay confirmation of corporation to transcend the sway of any individual. board members until they get appointees Congress writes laws to provide us with safe­ from the White House who will, for the most guards against human imperfection in cir­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG part, serve the present program's policies cumstances we cannot always foresee. These and grantees intact. safeguards are especially needed in a corpora­ OF NEW YORK A major consideration in taking the pres­ tion removed from both presidential and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sure for a corporation off the liberals is their congressional control, with board members Wednesday, October 24, 1973 present control of the legal services program little more accountable than justices of the at OEO. The office has not had a designated Supreme Court. Because legislated safeguards Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, we are now director since early July. Day-to-day direc­ are absent !rom the present program and be­ facing the prospect of open-air testing tion is now under the guidance of Dan Brad­ cause the White House has sought to avoid of deadly nerve gas. Jack Anderson's col­ ley, a protege of Watergate Committee As­ criticism from the left through a policy of wnn of October 22 reports that the Pen­ sistant Counsel Terry Lenzner. As a special administrative neglect, legal services is pres­ tagon has not yet decided whether it is assistant to Arnett, Bradley runs the show, ently excessively characterized by abuse. necessary but would request permission with Frank Duggan, a left-wing Texas Dem­ If it is bad now, without safeguards, while ocrat serving as operation chief. An ally of theoretically accountable to the President di­ before testing. I urge my colleagues to former Sen. Ralph Yarborough, Duggan was rectly, might things not get worse under an refresh their memories on this issue and a bitter foe of both John Connally and John independent corporation? Would not respon­ refuse such permission. Tower while working with the AFL-CIO Com­ sible governance in the absence of statutory Recently the Pentagon planned to mittee on Political Educa.tion (COPE). Brad­ safeguards be even less likely under boards transport this lethal gas by rail from ley and Duggin are busy "stafilng up" their named by a President Mondale or President Colorado to Utah. Because of the con­ offices with like-minded colleagues, prepar­ Kennedy? cem of Representative WAYNE OWENS, ing for the corporation. ACLU has taken notice of the White With Arnett's concurrence, legal services House's apparent retreat from earlier posi­ hearings were held and the plan was program guidelines and administration have tions and interpreted this as a sign of con­ dropped. The Army also announced that reverted to the kind of permissive disregard tinuing decline in President Nixon's politi­ a small portion of its Colorado stockpile of the law which characterized earlier periods cal strength. would be destroyed-a portion already of liberal program domination. Program In a Septemer 21 Legislative Memorandum obsolete. funds are once again disbursed "among ACLU urged its allies to raise their demands: This does not solve the problem of friends" at the whim of the leftist clique " ... [W]e have every right to insist on Sen­ dangerous weapons stored at some seven which dominates the program nationwide. In ate passage of an uncompromisingly strong the short run, at least, program attorneys bill. Ironically, the Watergate scandal seems other points around the country; nor of could hardly do better under a corporation. to be helping this effort ... there should be the dangers ahead in testing the new SO they've decided to "up the ante" and see far less negative pressure coming from the "binary" weapons. Unfortunately, how­ how many more concessions will be granted White House than there was last spring. ever, the Army's announcement ended by eager White House staffers. And it is all the more possible !or the Sen­ the hearings and conveyed the impres­ As senate liberals negotiate with Jim Cav­ ate to pass a strong bill." sion that the problem of chemical weap­ anaugh, assistant director of the Domestic ACLU is being joined in its effort to prove ons was solved. On the contrary, the Pen­ Council, the legal services lobby is helped by the emasculation of Richard Nixon by a wide tagon has simply found newer and "bet­ an incredibly foolish White House strategy range of liberals who support the "Action for which seeks a corporation at any cost. Legal Rights" legal services lobby. These in­ ter" ways to make and stockpile chemi­ Led by Office of Management and Budget clude Clinton Hamburger, John W. Douglas, cal weapons, which should be totally out­ Assistant Director Paul O'Neil, management­ Jacob Fuchsberg, Roswell Gilpatric, Arthur lawed. budget officials have been hard at work since J. Goldberg, Terry Lenzner, Sargent Shriver I was privileged to present this point November 1972 to "protect" President Nixon and Cyrus Vance. With a staff operation led of view to the House Armed Services 34970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 Committee hearings and would like to States. The Army has no right, now or ever, is, we are able to kill every person on earth include that testimony in the REcoRD, to subject citizens to such hazards. ten times over. Must we cling to this stock­ along with the relevant portion of Jack I confess that I am skeptical about the plle of chemical overkill also? In the nuclear content of the secretary's announcement, age it ls obsolete since it cannot be safely Anderson's column. however. There are eight locations in the transported. Representative Frank Evans of The material follows: country at which nerve gas is stored. Ap­ Colorado has correctly stated that "the su­ ARMY WEIGHS OPEN-Am GAS TEsTS parently it ls not to be destroyed. Further, preme irony of our chemical nerve agents (By Jack Anderson) the attitude of the Department of Defense is that they pose the greatest danger to our The Army is considering open-air tests of and the Administration is elusive. own people." a deadly new nerve gas, presumably at Utah's You have heard the testimony of Rep. There is no justification to continue to Dugway Proving Ground where 6,400 sheep Wayne Owens, whose b111 is being considered store this horrendous materiel anywhere in were killed five years ago in similar field tests. here. When he attempted to get information this country or in the world. We have already The Army is trying to develop a nerve ga.s on the need for chemical weapons in modern rejected a first-use of it; and the thought that would be safe to handle. The gas is defense strategy, he received full coopera­ that its existence would deter nuclear attack produced by mixing two chemicals, which tion from the CIA and the Arms Control is illogical on its face. The danger, again, can be stored separately with complete safe­ Agency; but from the Department of Defense is to our own people. ty. They are loaded into a sheD, which is ex­ he met "an absolute refusal to discuss the Further, as Mr. Owens has pointed out, our ploded over the ta.rget. This creates a chem­ issue at all-even to allow lower level staff refusal to destroy this stockpile encourages ical reaction that causes the deadly gas. people to brief me." Such was the reception smaller nations to develop and maintain This binary system, as it ls called, requires accorded the Representative whose District chemical weapons, which are so much easier extensive testing. So far, the Army has con­ is vitally affected by these weapons. to develop than a nuclear capability. Cer­ fined its research to simulated tests. But an As you are well aware, the United States tainly it does nothing to promote a climate Army report states that, lf permission can has not yet signed the Geneva Protocol of of international trust. be arranged, "a llmited number of open-air 1925, outlawing poisonous or asphyxiating I am not reassured by the Army's an­ tests wm be performed." gases and ba.cteriologlcal warfare. During the nouncement that it now plans binary muni­ Alarmed over the posslblllty these tests war in Vietnam, the Administration wanted tions production-in which two ingredients may be conducted on the Utah range, Rep. to continue using chemical herbicides. Now are stored separately and not combined until Wayne Owens (D-Utah) has fired off a pri­ that the hated war is ended, that rationale the munition is ready for firing. The pro­ vate letter to Army secretary Howard Cal­ is removed, and the nation should move at liferation of such techniques would make it laway. , once to join over 100 other countries, includ­ easier for small countries-even for terrorist "How soon is open-air testing of binaries ing all the big powers, who have ratified the and dissident groups--to obtain life-obliter­ to begin?" demands Owens. "When wlll con­ Protocol. But the Chairman of the senate ating weapons. It would st111 leave the prob­ gressional and EPA approval be sought?" Foreign Relations Committee has not yet re­ lem of open-air testing, already scheduled for The Army secretary hasn't replied to ceived a reply from Mr. Nixon, to his letter the Dugway Provtng Ground. A few years Owens, but a Pentagon spokesman told us: of April 15, 1971, raising questions about the ago, open air testing at Dugway resulted in "No decision has been made as to whether Protocol. the death of 6400 sheep; next time, it could it will be necessary to do open-air testing. Mr. Owens' b111, H.R. 9745, calls for a re­ be people. If the decision were made, we would request evaluation of the United States pollcy of Apparently the Department of Defense is permission." stockpiling chemical nerve agents. I believe trying to take back with one hand what The experts agree, however, that final de­ that this must be done--but that the Con­ it gives with the other. If under public pres­ velopment of the binary system nerve gas gress and not the Administration must make sure it is compelled to destroy existing stock­ would be difficult without open-air tests. such a review. piles of chemical weapons, it w111 start their Footnote: President Nixon has outla.wed The Army's announcement does not obviate immediate replacement with binary weapons. the production of biological but not chemi­ the need for legislation to control the manu­ Meanwhile, we retain an offensive chemical cal weapons. Critics of the binary system fear facture, use, storage and disposition of capacity, and continue research on new that the terrible nerve gas formula would be chemical weapons. I commend the intent of toxic agents. . easy for small nations to produce. The two Mr. Owens' bill, but I fear that in actuality It is time--indeed it is already past time-­ elements in the gas are fairly simple to it would permit, rather than prevent, trans­ that the Congress review the entire func­ make. portation of nerve gas. Its stated purpose is tion of chemical warfare. I am convinced "to insure that no public funds be used for that it will be found useless, costly and so the purpose of transporting chemical nerve STATEMENT OF BELLA S. ABZUG hazardous that no more time must be lost agents to or from any m111tary installation in in deactivating such weapons. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportu­ the United States for storage or stockpiling nity to present my views on the urgent ques­ purposes unless it is the sense of the Con­ tion of chemicaJ. weapons. gress to do so," but three conditions would I welcome the announcement made yester­ null1fy this effect. Transportation is prohibit­ day by Army Secretary Callaway, that some ed unless AIDING GRADUATE STUDENTS 500,000 gallons of nerve gas stored at the ( 1) the President has made known to Rocky Mountain Arsenal will be destroyed. Congress his position on the status of her­ I believe the Secretary is sincere in his wish bicides and tear gas under the Geneva Pro­ HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI to dispose of this menace, for he has earlier tocol of 1925; OF NEW YORK indicated that he saw no justification for ( 2) the President has provided Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES keeping it. Let us hope that he will proceed with a reevaluation of the necessity for the wtth dispatch--since for four years now. the us policy of stockpiling chemical nerve Wednesday, October 24, 1973 Army has promised to dispose of this lethal agents and Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, as our Na­ gas. For all those years, 4600 tons of poison­ (3) the President has certified to the Armed ous gases have been stored within a mile of Services Committee of Congress tha.t such tion very properly gives its attention to one of the nation's busiest airports, just out­ transportation is necessary in the interest of the worsening energy crisis, a medical side of Denver. The citizens of the area have national security and that its disposal by educator from Buffalo, N.Y., has issued been immensely disturbed, as they should detoxification would be seriously detrimental a terse warning that our resources of be--a plane crash a.t that location would be to the chemical weapon deterrent capability "mind power" also are not endless. catastrophic. of the United States. We have lived so long with lethal weap­ During a Buffalo to~ meeting last "National security" a~ we have recently week, Dr. M. J. Smith, assistant director ons that we almost take them for g;ranted; discovered, can cover a multitude of sins. yet this situation is truly incredible. The President could easily certify to the of education at Roswell Park Memorial There is enough nerve gas at the Rocky necessity of moving and storing gas for "na­ Institute, expressed concern for the na­ Mountain Arsenal to wipe out every human tional security" reasons, and no one could tional policy phasing out training of bio­ being on this earth, several times over. A verify his statement. drop of GB the size of a pin-head can kill medical personnel. It seems to me that we must provide a Dr. Smith explains carefully why she a person in ten minutes. Yet the stuff is broader legislative mandate. Senator Floyd stored in steel containers, above ground, a Haskell has called for a nine-month study feels it is a mistake to replace fellow­ mile from an airport. ships and training grants as the basic Recently the Army proposed to move some to determine the best and safest method of of it to another depot in Utah (where a huge eliminating all existing supplies of chemical system of supporting research students. amount of chemical agents is already stored. warfare agents, the cost and time necessary Mr. Speaker, as part of my remarks, I This proposal too was fraught with danger. to carry out such a program and the manner include the text of Dr. Smith's presenta­ In the last few years we have seen many in­ in which such a program should proceed. He tion: stances of citizens evacuated from their believes, as I do, that our entire stockpile of REMARKS OF DR. M. J. SMITH homes because of derailments or explosions chemical agents should be destroyed. Today, we are all well aware of the poten­ of ammunition trains. In 1968 there were It is terrifying enough that our nuclear tial damage to our nation that develops when over 8000 railroad accidents in the United over-klll is in the nature of 10 to one: that our natural resources are taken for granted. October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34971 However, it would appear that we do not partments could only support a small number My belief, which has been shared by learn from our mistakes. of employees at the expense of ongoing re­ corporations for a good many years, is We are here this afternoon not to remind search effort. you that our resources are in jeopardy but We would recommend that: that corporations have a moral obliga­ to speak of the imminent stUling of our most 1. NIH training grants be continued' and tion to help colleges and universities precious resource-"our mind power". It has even expended to meet shortages in person­ when it is economically possible. At this to become clear that "a mind is a terrible· nel in the pre and post doctoral basic and time, the Government recognizing the fi­ thing to waste". clinical disciplines that provide research and nancial plight of colleges and universities We need these minds to solve the energy service. is seeking ways, not only to increase aid crisis we are facing as well as a human crisis 2. NIH training grants be continued and for needy students, but to give institu­ in terms of biomedical research with which expanded for supportive personnel that pro­ we at Roswell Park Memorial Institute are vide service and research in areas where there tional aid to institutions of higher edu­ so absorbingly involved. are identifiable shortages: cation throughout the country. The Federal administration has taken the 3. Such training functions be conducted Mr. Packard's statements are clearly position that the "need for greater numbers primarily at centers that are equipped to insensitive to the needs of our young peo­ of biomedical personnel has passed", and train professional and supportive personnel ple anq to our colleges and universities that the supply of researchers will soon ex­ in basic and clinical areas. across the country. His proposal runs ceed the demand. Furthermore, they argue 4. NIH make a strong defense against using counter to our governmental efforts in that this oversupply will lead to a situation research project grants to support trainees this area, and if adopted by the corpo­ of unemployment. because it is not reliable fiscally and does rate community, could effectively reduce DISPUTE ON FEDERAL FACTS not assure excellence in training since it would not be consistent with the objectives all forms of individual and corporate These arguments are not consistent With of the research project grant and would not contributions. If we were to follow his the projections of the NIH reports that state assure the training of personnel in critical theory through, I can see where perhaps that by 1983 we will need 112,360 biomedical areas. only five or six major universities would scientists as compared to 66,800 in 1961. Ac­ RISK OF OVER-EXPECTATIONS cordingly, we question the justUlcation for receive aid. For instance, a great many phasing out of training program at all levels One of our greatest concerns is the risk corporations would believe that their and particularly for our young, gifted, po­ of inordinately high expectations on the money would yield the greatest benefit to tential biomedical personnel. part of the Congress and the public. We them by investing it in specific programs Also, this has been questioned rigorously must not think of this program as compar­ at Harvard, MIT, Stanford, and the like, by other representatives of the biomedical able to a moon shot or an atom bomb pro­ gram. It cannot be regarded as a crash pro­ and then recruiting those program grad­ ~ommunity to the point of causing the ad­ uates for their corporations. ministration to revise its declsion by prom­ gram for the accelerated implementation of ising a token $30 mllllon for only restoring known basic science. While I have nothing but respect for a training program that will be predomi­ Instead, this is a. program in basic science these universities, smaller and less well nantly for post doctorates. matched with the endeavor to bring the best known schools also contribute greatly to HEW promised that by October 1 the new of toda.y's science to solve crucial problems. the country and to the corporate com­ rules governing the $30 million post doctoral We are not in search of a. magic 'bullet, but munity. They should in no way be fellowship program would be forthcoming. rather are attempting to mobilize the best brains available in this nation and the world ignored. They supply corporate leaders, However, today is October 15 and we are stlll and community leaders who interrelate waiting to see these new guidellnes which to insure that they have an opportunity to are being held up because of lack of agree­ make their maximum contribution to the to corporations. ment on pay-back provision and the man­ cause of solving problems and of minimizing It is estimated that at the present time, ner of selecting participants. the time required for the solutions to benefit corporations give less than 1 percent of the people of the world. BIOMED SURPLUS QUESTIONED their pre-tax earnings to colleges and The President's Science Advisory Commit­ universities. Surely this is not a level that tee has stated that "the implication that we CORPORATE RESPONSffin.ITY should be reduced. In recent years, many are training a. surplus of biomedical Ph. D.'s corporations have developed a program appears unfounded. All but 1.3% of those of raising dollar for dollar any gifts made Ph. D.'s graduated in 1968-69 found positions HON. PETER A. PEYSER to colleges and universities by their em­ in which they are expertly ut11izlng their OF NEW YORK ployees. The Packard proposal could graduate education." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place this program, which is proving to Furthermore, we must realize that with be very successful, in great jeopardy. every new advance made, a. broad range of Wednesday, October 24, 1973 research opportunities is created expanding The Packard proposal would academi­ the potential job market. The new proposed Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, I was cally and financially brankrupt our col­ system of supporting students through in­ shocked and disappointed to see a recent leges. He has obviously flunked his course vestigators with research contracts and statement by the former Deputy Secre­ in corporate responsibility for academic grants as an alternative to fellowships and tary of Defense, and the present chair­ institutions, and I urge the corporate training grants has been described. man of the board of the Hewlett Co., Mr. community to reject his suggestions. We consider this system inadequate first David Packard, in which he called for a because it tends to restrict students to spe­ curtailment of corporate support for cific projects and forces students to work USA IN MINIATURE. only with professors having such money. An higher education. Mr. Packard, at a organization could not develop a dependable, luncheon sponsored by the Committee identifiable training program of excellence for Corporate Support of American Uni­ HON. STAN-FORD E. PARRIS using a research project grant technique. versities, not only called upon corpora­ OF VmGINIA BREAKDOWN OF TRAINING AIMS tions to withhold their support from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We have had experience with this approach American colleges and universities, but and it leads to a breakdown of training ob­ also asked these same corporations to re­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 jectives. Moreover, it perpetuates the train­ strict any money that they do give to Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, my constit­ ing of individuals in those departments rich specific projects. uent, Mr. John R. Kanline, of Alexan­ in research grants and therefore does not as­ I am frankly amazed that someone sure training in critical areas of professional dria, Va., has been diligently attempting and supportive personnel needs in research with the background and long-term in­ for some time to gain the approval and areas, be it in cancer or in the area of sup­ volvement in national affairs that Mr. assistance of the Federal Government, plying energy. Packard has would call for corporations U.S. industry, and the general public for The objectives of a training grant and that to curtail contributions at a time of fi­ a project entitled "U.S.A. in Miniature,'• of a. research project grant are dlft'erent. The nancial crisis for colleges and universi­ to be completed in time for the 1976 trainee is forced to l~t his thinking to the ties. Bicentennial celebration. objectives of the investigator's grant rather Anyone who has had an involvement than training himself to being an excellent On August 3, 1973, I included Mr. researcher. He is forced to play the role of a with the problems of higher educational Kanline's letter to the editor of the technician. institutions knows the financial prob­ Washington Star-News in the CoNGRES­ INCREASE COSTS OF GRANTS lems which these institutions now face. SIONAL RECORD. As a folloW-UP on this Secondly, this would increase the costs of They also know the problems that re­ subject, Mr. Kanline has provided me, a research grant inasmuch as we would have stricted gifts necessarily create, although in letter form, with an "action outline" to pay salaries which are higher than sti­ they are better than no contribution for the implementation of this proposal. pends. If you did this, staff members or de- at all. At this time, under my leave to revise 34972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, .1973 and extend my remarks, I include that CHARLES T. BUSH, PATUXENT tive in the church, serving as an Euoha.risttc NAVY MAN OF THE YEAR Minister, the highest rank a layman can at­ letter in the RECORD: tain. He has served as vice president and as SEPTEMBER 28, 1973. chairman of the Liturgy Committee of the DEAR CoNGRESSMAN PARRIS: I appreciate ·noN. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Patuxent River Catholic Parish Council. your remarks on the proposal inserted in the PN1 Bush is a native of Baltimore. August 3, 1973, Congressional Record and OF MARYLAND He and his wife Joyce and three children, would like to add this to your "thoughts on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tommy, 4; Gregory, 2; and Jennifer, two the Bicentennial." The idea, you recall, is to months, live aboard the station. crea.te a small park in the National Capital Wednesday, October 24, 1973 area depleting the major sights of the U.S.A. Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, in these in miniature as a major feature of the days of volunteer military service it is Bicentennial in 1976, and patterned after a similar park in the Netherlands called well for the Congress to recognize those THE URGENT NEED TO DEVELOP "Modurodam." who are willing to work in their capacity SOLAR ENERGY Modurodam is four acres in size with walk­ as members of the military and the naval ways interspersing the mlnlaturl21l.tlon of forces. It has come to my attention that historical and modern features of the Nether­ PNI Charles T. Bush has been chosen by HON. CHARLES A. VANIK lands with 44,000 lights, 2 miles of minia­ the NaVY League to be the Patuxent NaVY OF OHIO ture operating railroad, shipping ports, Man of the Year. Chief Bush's reputa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES windmills, oil refineries, manufacturing plants, etc. This park has operated for fifteen tion at the Patuxent Naval Air Test Cen­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 years at a profit. ter, Md., where he is stationed, is one of To create a similar U.S. feature in time the highest order. He has not only been Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, with the for the 1976 Bicentennial would require the very active in his own profession achiev­ outbreak of yet another Middle East war interest and support of a number of seg­ ing an excellent rating, but he has also our domestic energy crisis has been ments of the U.S. such as government, gen­ been a model member of the commun­ thrown into the chaotic turmoil of inter­ eral public, industry, agriculture and most ity in which he lives as well as a leading national politics. On Wednesday of last of all the Bicentennial Commission and the layman in his church. week ministers from 11 Arab oil states media. I therefore suggest the following ac­ Mr. Speaker, these are the kind of men agreed to restrict exports to the United tion outline for consideration of those who States. This restriction is to be progres­ may see this: who our Armed Forces need, and I am (1) Government support in promoting and happy to bring to the attention of the sive: Five percent reductions each month checking the feasiblllty of the proposal, in­ House the outstanding record of this until the pre-1967 boundaries are re­ cluding the Smithsonian, the Bicentennial young man. I include at this point in my established and "the legitimate rights of Commission, the Park Service, the tourist remarks an article from the Guardian of the Palestinian people are restored!' section of the Department of Commerce, Lexington Park, Md., regarding PNI On Sunday it was announced that the etc.; · Charles T. Bush: Arab Stl.~tes had rejected this plan as too (2) Individual and collective action of the moderate and decided instead on a total Congress in suggesting to the Commission PATUXENT NAVY MAN OF THE YEAR special features and sights from their con­ A dynamic young petty ofllcer in Oceano­ boycott of American markets. Whatever stituencies for inclusion in this unique na­ graphic Development Squadron Eight has the scheme, the intent is clear: It is polit­ tional park; been named Patuxent Navy Man of the Year ical blackmail, clear and simple. (3) The most necessary support of Indus­ for 1973. He is PN1 Charles T. Bush, 28 career We will undoubtedly weather this try to participate In the technical creation counselor and personnel office supervisor in crisis. Only about 10 percent of our total of manufacturing plants in miniature such as VXN-8. crude oil consumption of 17 million bar­ steel mills, refineries, railroads, shipping PN1 Bush was selected from five nominees rels a day comes from the Middle Eastern ports, etc., and to help also by having cer­ by a panel of representatives from the Naval tain segments of industry help finance parts Air Test Center, Naval Air Station and sources. Deputy Secretary of Treasury of the project. This would constitute an ex­ Fleet. William Simon has already outlined steps cellent form of advertising: He will be presented a plaque and cash that consumers and industry can take to (4) Historians, archltectual designers and award by Mr. R. F. Gabrelcik, president of the cut our consumption by as much as 3 the Smithsonian to suggest historical topics Patuxent River Council of the Navy League, million barrels a day. There is good rea­ for inclusion and to insure authenticity with in ceremonies commemorating the Navy's son to believe that these conservation financial help from philanthropic organiza­ 198th birthday on Oct. 13 at the Petty Of­ strategies--such as turning down ther­ tions; ficers Club. Witnessing the presentation will mostats and cold water clothes washing­ (5) News media interest and support to be RAdm. Roy M. Isaman, NATC commander; editorialize the foregoing and help in Its pro­ Capt. T. J. Kilcline, NAB commanding ofllcer; can be successful in limiting our immedi­ motion in order to build up general public and Cdr. R. L. Barr, VXN-8 commanding ate dependence on Arab oil. support. Their articles could be based on the ofllcer. The major failing of these proposals is letters to the Editor in both local papers and Honored as Navy Man of the year in his that they are highly individual actions. your article in the August 3, 1973, Congres­ squadron in 1972 and 1973, PN1 Bush was a They depend for their success on the al­ sional Record; runner-up for the Patuxent River award last most instantaneous development of a (6) The needed support of local citizens year. He also was nominated for the Navy "conservation ethic" among consumers for the proposal and to make such support League's Admiral Claude V. Ricketts Award known to the Blcentenlal Commission so this in 1972. and industry. I am confident that Ameri­ project can become a reality; PN1 Bush has been assigned to VXN-8 cans can meet this challenge. But I am (7) Local government interest in a suita­ almost four of his seven years In the Navy. concerned that we may be shortsighted ble location. He gained attention up the Navy chain of in not understanding the vast dimensions Since my earlier letter I have learned that command earlier this year when he conceived of our oil shortage problem. The fact is several parties alerady have designs and cost and organized a coast-to-coast recruiting that with present consumption trends, estimates in hand for consideration. fiight for a project airplane assigned to the we will become increasingly dependent I have also contacted steel companies, au­ squadron. tomobile manufacturers, insurance com­ During one weekend between deployments, on Arab oil. The small conservation steps panies, refining companies, food manufac­ the Project Magnet visited Modesto, Calif.; Mr. Simon suggests we take today will be turers, camera and film producers, national St. Louis, Mo.; Oklahoma City, Okla.; and no insurance for our security tomorrow. associations of soft drink and beverage com­ Groton, Conn. Advance contact with Navy re­ We are all aware that the equation of panies, and for the most part the response criting offiecrs in those cities resulted in declining domestic production and boom­ was enthusiastic after local representatives 2,500 persons being exposed to the Navy and ing consumer demand adds up to our fur­ had passed the contents of your "Thoughts its unique project to measure the earth's ther dependence on foreign sources of on the Bicentennial" on to their home of­ magnetic field. petroleum. The National Petroleum fices. PNl Bush organized a career development My interest in this is non-monetary and program which has boosted VXN-S's reten­ Council, in projecting petroleum imports stems from a visit my wife and I took to tion of first-term reenlistments to an average from all sources, estimates that by 1985, Modurodam several years ago. of 49 per cent. This figure compares to the 57 percent of our total petroleum demand With the vast resources of this nation, I Fleet norm of about 18 per cent. will be made up by imports. cannot see why "U.S.A. in Miniature" can­ PN1 Bush also created a Personnel Quality The Middle East States are in the best not be created for the Bicentennial and its Control Board which aids division officers by 40 million visitors to this area, as well as identifying individuals who require specific position to supply this need. They are for the local children and adults who would training. The board also screens marginal sitting on the largest known pools of oil find it both entertaining and educa.tional. performers. in the world-over 67 percent of proven JOHN R. KANLINE. The Patuxent Navy Man of the Year is ac- crude oil resources. October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34973 In today's unstable world, this over­ of procrastination the administration's second is the generation of electricity. whelming dependence on outside sources energy message was a remarkably low The third is the production of "clean" for petroleum imposes on our national voltage document. The apparent Presi­ fuels such as methane through the con­ security a serious vulnerability. Quoting dential strategy is to press for increased version of organic solids. Because solar from a study of the Senate Interior domestic production through the con­ energy is a diffuse source of energy, con­ Committee: struction of the Alaskan pipeline, ex­ version of the sun's radiation-to ther­ The growing proportion of total U .8. en­ panded leasing on the Outer Continental mal, electrical, or chemical energy-suf­ ergy supply coming from foreign sources, or Shelf and increased tax incentives for fers from unusually low efficiency levels. from particular regions, blocs or countries drilling-while promoting a blind faith But in the heating and cooling of build­ magnifies the potential impact on the U .8. in nuclear power development. Quite ings, solar energy has found a perfect economy from a. variety of contingencies in­ simply, the President's program is nar­ application. In fact, the technology for cluding wars or international political con­ frontations and insurrection or sabotage in row and shortsighted. There is no sig­ accomplishing this task is already at producing regions. nificant mention of energy conservation. hand. What is needed is a coherent, na­ There is no significant mention of solar tional program to bring this technology An equally serious eventuality-be­ energy. There is no consideration what­ out of the laboratory and to the stage of cause it is certain to occur-is the net soever of the environmental conse­ commercial development. outfiow of capital from the United States quences of increased domestic energy Significant strides have been taken al­ to oil producers. In this development consumption and production. And what ready to this goal. Aside from numerous there are two impacts that must be con­ is perhaps most worrisome of all, there residential homes which depend on the sidered. The first is the ability of the U.S. is no evidence that the President com­ sun for a significant portion of their en­ economy to support this massive outflow prehends the immense hazards-to the ergy requirements, a number of office of capital. Estimates of the impact of public health and the national security­ buildings are now being designed and this outflow vary widely, but it is cer­ of a headlong plunge to nuclear energy. built to include solar space conditioning. tain to reach the neighborhood of $10 Planning for our energy future involves The General Services Administration is billion annually by 1980. While there is sophisticated and complex matters of planning two such buildings: One in good reason to hope that the economy policy. We cannot expect an administra­ Manchester, N.H.; the second in Sagi­ will support an outflow of this size with­ tion which took 5 months to decide on a naw, Mich. In addition the Massachu­ out seriously threatening the dollar by mandatory allocation plan to have much setts Audubon Society will build a solar expanding our own exports, there is little foresight in projecting our Nation's fu­ office building in Lincoln, Mass., soon. reason for optimism. ture energy needs. To provide another Undoubtedly solar buildings will become Most of the dollars flowing out of the approach, I have introduced legislation increasingly popular as people begin to United States will end up in the treas­ to establish a massive, national program realize the long-run economic advan­ uries of small countries with a narrow of energy research and development. tages of this design. economic base. Ordinarily, we could ex­ This research will be funded by a $4 bil­ What is lacking in these efforts is a pect revenues from international trade lion trust fund created through a tax on sense of urgency and national commit­ to find their way to more populous coun­ energy usage. An independent Commis­ ment. As we have seen, we can continue tries with diverse economies. In this sit­ sion will develop an overall energy strat­ our reckless consumption of petroleum uation the dollars would be absorbed in egy and fund research into technologies only at the peril of our national secu­ the economic system without serious dis­ which offer the hope of clean, safe, and rity. We must begin to move along a ruptions to world monetary flows. Un­ secure energy sources for the future. I number of fronts to restrict our reliance fortunately, the Arab countries are un­ would like to tum now to one of these on petroleum. Solar energy presents an diversified economies; there is oil pro­ alternatives-solar energy-in order to obvious starting place. duction and little else. There are no illustrate more completely the shallow, Accordingly, I have introduced legisla­ wide-scale social programs and little in­ parochial nature of the Nixon energy tion-the Solar Energy Development centive to develop other sectors of their program. Act-to publicize and unify the drive economies. As the result, the govern­ The President has announced-with toward solar heating and cooling of ments of these countries have been able apparent pride-that the National Sci­ buildings. This proposal has been spon­ to accumulate enormous liquid monetary ence Foundation budget for solar re­ sored by 39 of my colleagues. By estab­ balances. search has been increased from a little lishing three distinct but interrelated To quote again from the Senate In­ over $3 million in fiscal year 1973 to over programs, this legislation will move the terior Committee report: $12 million in fiscal year 1974. This is not solar equipment industry off economic By the 1980s the total incomes of the so much a glorious victory for the advo­ dead center. By 1985, 10 percent of all Middle Eastern and North African producing cates of solar energy as an admission of new buildings should be built with solar nations will reach many bUl!ons of dollars serious underfunding in past budgets. equipment. In 40 years, 85 percent would per year and their balances could cumulate to hundreds of bWlons. The primary responsibility for solar be equipped. research exists with the National Science Clearly, solar energy is not the only Last winter, we had a brief look into Foundation, although some work is be­ answer to our energy shortages. But the chaos these large sums of dollars can ing done by the Atomic Energy Commis­ there is not going to be any one answer. bring. By dumping these reserves on the sion, the National Aeronautics and Space Any comprehensive energy strategy for world market Arab governments not Administration, the Department of the future will be multi-faceted and only can aggravate the instability of in­ Housing and Urban Development, and the diverse. In this regard, solar heating and ternational money markets but also can National Bureau of Standatds of the cooling must be considered as one of the actually precipitate a crisis in the shaky Commerce Department. This d11Iusion of most realistic potential alternatives for system of international currency flows. responsibility is largely a product of the the future. In short, the Arab nations hold much low priority that has been assessed his­ Equally as certain is the fact that we more than oil. With these cash reserves torically to solar research. There has as a nation will no longer be able to they are in a position to gain an un­ been no established national priorities or consume wastefully enormous amounts paralleled position of power in the inter­ goals. As a result, research has been of energy. The Nixon administration in national economic system. geared to solve specific technical prob­ its energy pronouncements seems to as­ The conclusion of these ominous pro­ lems with little comprehension of the sume our enormous demand for energy jections is that the United States must overall potential of solar research. By in­ is inevitable. Just a cursory examination take steps now-today-to insure our jecting more money into this research of our energy consumption pattern re­ future security by: network, the Nixon administration has veals clear evidence of widescale inef­ First, initiating immediately a Man­ done little to solve the organizational and ficiencies. To withstand the trauma of hattan project for energy research and administrative obstacles to wide-scale declining domestic production without development, and adoption of realistic solar energy tech­ generating an unstable dependence on Second, limit our overdependence on nology. foreign sources, we must begin now to petroleum by increasing the emciency Basically, solar energy has three po­ "tighten our belts." The obvious place with which we consume it. tential applications. The first is meeting to start is with the gas guzzling Ameri­ What 1s the Nixon administration do­ the heating and cooling demands of resi­ can automobiles. ing to meet this challenge? After months dential and commercial buildings. The The United States, which contains 5.7 CXIX--2204-Part 27 34974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 percent of the world's population, owns The article follows: an interviewer in 1964. "Music does that. I 46.1 percent of the world's automobiles. [From the New York Times, Oct. 23, 1973] can never play the same piece twice in the There are 97.65 millions cars circulating same way. Each time it is new." CASALS, THE MASTER CELLIST, WON WmE Ac­ Watching him rehearse an orchestra when around our country consuming 73.5 bil­ CLAIM IN CAREER THAT SPANNED 75 YEARS he was 89, an astonished student exclaimed: lion gallons of gasoline each year. Seen (By Alden Whitman) "When the maestro came onto the stage in this perspective of our total energy "I think it goes like this,'' a cello student he looked 75. When he stepped on the po­ budget, the automobile claims 14.3 per­ struggling with a Johann Sebastian Bach dium he seemed even 10 years younger. And cent of our energy consumed. suite once told Pablo Casals. when he began to conduct he could have In terms of inefficiency, the automo­ "Don't think,'' the master cellist replied. been a youngster ready to chase Easter eggs." bile is perhaps the most inefficient "It is better to feel." INNOVATIONS IN PLAYING machine invented by man-and that ef­ With this emphasis on an inner sensitivity In the musical world, Ca.sals's enduring to a composer's intentions, Casals was able to reputation was associated with two accom­ ficiency has been declining steadily in demonstrate what luminescent and human recent years. Blame for this decline has plishments: his single-handed restoration to music could be drawn from the strings of a the repertory of Bach's cello music, espe­ been shoved on the emission control de­ rather awkward instrument. In concerts and cially the six magnificent unaccompanied vices mandated under the Clean Air Act. recordings over some 75 years, he provoked suites; and his innovations in bowing and This blame is misplaced. A much more awe and applause for the profundity of his fingering that gave the cello a new and significant factor is the increased weight insights, the felicity of his playing and, above striking personality in orchestral and solo of American automobiles, the greater use all, the soaring purity of his interpretations works. of optional equipment, and, simply, the of baroque and classical composers. Bach was He greatly lightened the work of the left reluctance of management in Detroit to his specialty, but he was also at home with hand, for example, by changes of finger posi­ Boccherini, Mozart, BrahinS, Beethoven, tions, thus adding to its mob111ty. He also design energy efficiency into their auto­ Schumann and Dvorak. showed that it was possible to attain fresh mobiles. At the same time Casals (he pronounced subtleties in tone by freer bowing. To insure that efficiency becomes a the name KaaSAALS) won much admiration His own style was aristocratic. He made serious consideration in the automaker's and acclaim as a man of probity and princi­ the most diffi.cult passages seem simple yet future plans, I have introduced, with ple for his humanitarianism, his personal luscious, all the while shunning pyrotech­ Senator FRANK Moss, the Fuel Economy musical "crusade for peace" and his one-Inan nics and gimmicks. stand against the regime of Francisco Franco Casals came upon the Bach suites by acci­ Act of 1973. Beginning in model year in his native Spain. Few musicians achieved 1977, this proposal establishes a gradu­ dent when he was 13 years old and brows­ in their own time the international renown ing with his father in a Barcelona music ated excise tax on all new cars based on accumulated by Casals. shop. the fuel economy of the vehicle. A car Part of this fame in the United States at "I forgot entirely the reason of my visit which achieves over 20 miles per gallon least, came very late in life and rested on to the shop and could only stare at this pays no tax. As the car's efficiency de­ Casal's talents in conducting, which he fan­ music which nobody had told me about,'' he clines, the tax increases. cied as his real metier and which he had said years afterward. "Sometimes even now, practiced, mainly in Europe, since 1920. pon­ when I look at the covers of that old music, Through this tax the consumers of ducting gave him a sense of fulfillment, he America will be insured of efficient auto­ I see again the interior of that old and said, because orchestras, with their human musty shop with its faint smell of the sea. mobiles in the future. In addition this teamwork, are "the greatest of all instru­ "I took the suites home and read and provision will insure a one million barrel ments." reread them. For 12 years after that I studied a day savings in our Nation's consump­ Early in his career, on his first American and worked every day at them. I was nearly tion of crude oil. tour in 1901, a falling rock crushed the fin­ 25 before I had the courage to play one of In the sweep of history, the "Petro­ gers of his left hand. His first thought, as them in public." Casals recalled it, was, "Thank God, I won't When he did play them, the suites were leum Age" will be but a small episode in have to play the cello any more." He associ­ the events of man. It is the moral re­ disclosed as a transcendent musical experi­ ated that reaction with his desire to conduct. ence, not the abstract exercises they had sponsibility of the Federal Government After a period of semiactivity in Europe previously been believed to be. to prepare the American people for the starting in 1945, Casals went to Puerto Rico "For me, Bach is like Shakespeare. He has inevitable adjustments ahead. In this to live in 1956. He was then 79 years old and known all and felt all,'' Casals told Bernard critical area, as in many others, the seemed spent. The next year, however, he Taper in a Profile published in The New Nixon administration has revealed a started the Festival Casals, which became an Yorker in 1961. "He is everything. Everything bankruptcy of spirit and ideas. Congress annual springtime program of concerts. He except a professor. Professor Bach I do not must now assume the responsibility and had a heart attack just before the opening know. When people ask me how I play Bach, of the first festival, but he recovered buoy­ I say, 'I play him as the pianist plays the leadership to guide our Nation to a antly in the following years, using an or­ Chopin.' There is such fantasy in Bach-but new and s~fe energy age. chestra brought together by Alexander fantasy with order.'' Schneider, the violinist and an old friend. Casals was of medium stature-not much The concerts drew thousands of mainlanders taller than his Groffriller cello-and not to the island and introduced the post-World heavily built. The top of his head had been PABLO CASALS War II generation of music lovers to Casals. bald since his early 20's. In repose, his face Then in 1961 he joined Rudolf Serkin's and his blue-gray eyes (behind round Marlboro Music Festival in Vermont, where glasses) tended to be somber, but a smile HON. BELLA S. ABZUG each July he conducted the orchestra and imparted radiance and geniality to his face. OF NEW YORK gave master c'lasses in the cello. And, begin­ He was direct in his speech, exceedingly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ning in 1962, he conducted a choral work in polite, a careful dresser (youthful photo­ New York every year. ms first presentation ~phs show him to have been quite a dandy Wednesday, October 24, 1973 was his own oratorio, "El Pesebre" ("The in a romantic sort of way) and quietly dig­ Manger"), a lengthy composition dedicated nified. He relaxed by reading, playing tennis, Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, the death "to those who have struggled and are still chatting with friends, smoking a pipe (he this week of Pablo Casals has taken from struggling for the cause of peace and demo­ was rarely without one) and, in his late the world a great musician and a great cracy." years, by watching Westerns on te1evision. humanitarian. WHITE HOUSE CONCERT To hear Casals was a moving and mem­ Throughout his long life, Pablo Casals In this period of resurgence, Casals gave orable experience. He sat with his eyes used his great talents to defend the prin­ a widely publicized cello recital at the United closed, his head turned sidewise and a little ciples of liberty and freedom, unwilling Nations in New York in 1958 to mark that lifted, as though he were communing with to deny his conscience. Pablo Casals organization's 13th anniversary. Three years some secret muse. His fingering and his bow­ later he played to a distinguished gathering ing were so flawless that they seemed auto­ adopted Puerto Rico as his home for the matic, yet it was evident that they resulted last years of his life, bringing honor to at the White House on the invitation of from concentration. President John F. Kennedy. the people of Puerto Rico and the United He had superb sa.voir-falre. Once when a States. The public attention that Casals generated loose cuff bothered him, he stopped playing, I am inserting this tribute from the in those years helped also to swell sales of slowly took ofi' the cuff, put it on the floor New York Times by Alden Whitman to his cello recordings, and this, in turn, created and resumed playing where he had left off. new esteem !or his wizardry with the bow. When a string broke he would retire from Pablo Casals into the REcoRD to pay Thousands who never saw him nonetheless the stage, replace it and, returning to his homage to a great human being, whose came to know him intimately. chair, start the solo from the beginning, such life represents a standard of excellence Another element of his appeal to the pub­ was his drive for perfection. to all humanitarians and all lovers of lic was his apparent refusal to age or grow When Casals played a chamber music pro· music. stale. "Sometimes I feel like a boy,'' he told gram at Perpignan, France, in July, 1951, October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34975 Howard Taubman, then music critic of The (she was a fair pianist), chatting with the United States and in Europe and to appear New York Times, wrote: child who was to become Alfonso XIII and in what seemed increasingly to be his favor­ "As a· musician Casals is all of a piece. being guided in his general education by- the ite role, that of a conductor. He led the Lon­ Whether he conducts as he did in the second Count de Morphy. don Symphony, the New York Symphony and orchestral program of the Bach-Mozart­ From Madrid, casals and his mother went the Vienna Philharmonic. Beethoven festival . • • or plays the cello, to Brussels, but, miffed by an ul).friendly When the Spanish Republic was proclaim- there is a :fl.ne-grained consistency running reception at an audition there, he went to ed in 1931, Casals became one of its eager through all his musical labors •.. Paris, where he played at the Folles-Marlgny and hard-working supporters, all the more "His work at the cello ... was remarkable at a wage barely sufficient to keep him and because the Republic restored many of his for its modesty and restraint, and if one lis­ his mother from starvation. After a short native Catalonia's ancient rights and granted tened closely one could hear innumerable time they returned to Barcelona, where Casals the area a good deal of autonomy. He was felicities of technical mastery. As an a.d.mir­ got a job teaching at the music school. For president of Catalonia's music council the ing violinist observed, 'Do you note the four two years he taught cello, played it in the Junta de Muslca, and, during the Civil War, shades of color he got in one bow?' " Barcelona Opera orchestra, gave concerts in he gave hundreds of benefit concerts abroad Casals was an ardent supporter of the churches and formed a string quartet, all for the Republic and put a large part of his Spanish Republican Government. He never the while saving money for a return to Paris. personal savings at its disposal. The Govern­ reconciled himself to the F'l'anco regime, In the fall of 1899, just before his 23d ment, in turn, named streets and squares which he considered tyrannical. With the birthday, he arrived in that city again, car­ for him and encouraged his exertions to Franco Tictory in 1939 he went into self­ rying a letter of introduction to Charles bring great music to the common people. imposed exile, living until 1956 in Prades, Lamoureux, the eminent conductor, from the Casals was in Barcelona in January, 1939, France, some 40 miles from the Spanish Count de Morphy. When Casals presented when the Franco forces burst into the city, frontier. himself for an audition, the conductor was but he made good an escape to France, vow­ Up untl11958 he refused to visit the United annoyed by the intrusion. Nonetheless, the ing never to return to Spain while Franco States because it recognized Franco. "I have cellist sat down and began to play parts of was in power. (Apart from a fleeting trip to great atrection for the United States," he the Lalo Cello Concerto. With the first notes, Spain in 1955 to attend the funeral of his said when he moved to Puerto Rico, "but as Lamoureux hoisted himself up from his desk long-time close friend and housekeeper, Mrs. a refugee from Franco Spain I cannot con­ and stood facing Casals until he finished Francesca Vidal de Capdevila, he never did.) done America's support of a dictator who playing, whereupon he embraced the young After several demoralizing weeks of de­ sided with America's enemies, Hitler and man and said, "My boy, you are one of the spondency in Paris, during which he grieved Mussollnl. Franco's power would surely col­ elect!" for his country, he went to live in Prades lapse without American help." SENSATIONAL DEBUT among the thousands of Spanish exiles. There But Casals bent his attitude sufficiently Lamoureux immediately engaged him to he helped to organize the care of the Cata­ to play at the United Nations in 1958 be­ play the Lalo concerto with his orchestra, and lans held in French camps and solicited cause of "the great and perhaps mortal dan­ Casals made his Paris debut Nov. 12, 1899. funds for them from his friends all over ger [of nuclear war] threatening all hu­ He created a sensation there, as he did in the world. He continued to live in Prades manity." London shortly afterward. In Britain he also in World War II. Then in 1961 he relented further and played for Queen Victoria. Toward the end of the war he went on played at the White House. In subsequent From then on his career was made, and he tour again. In the autumn of 1945, however, years he came to this country for regular never lacked for engagements or for an audi­ he cut shortt a concert trip in Britain and yearly visits. ence. He commanded top fees, but lived eco­ retired to Prades. Pablo Carlos Salvador Defillo de Casa.ls was nomically. In explanation, he said he had assumed born in the Catalan town of Vendrell, 40 For the next 20 years, until 1919, Casals, that an Allied victory would doom not only miles from Barcelona, on Dec. 29, 1876, the using Paris as his base, played in the princi­ Hitler and Missolinl but also Franco. The second of 11 children of Carles and Pilar pal cities of Europe and the Americas. He democracies, he went on, had dlslllusloned Defillo de Casa.Is. His father was the town or­ made his New York debut in 1904, playing him by not acting to topple Franco. He was ganist. the Saint-Saens Cello Concerto with the or­ therefore suspending his concert career until "From my earliest days," Casals recalled, chestra of the Metropolitan Opera and win­ Spain was freed. He had, he pointed out, "music was for me a natural element, an ac­ ning a chorus of critical bravos. Later that ceased playing in Germany wirth the rise of tivity as natural as breathing." He could sing season he was the cello soloist here in Rich­ Hitler, had not played in Italy in the thirties, 1n tune before he would talk clearly, and at ard Strauss's "Don Quixote," with the com­ nor had he appeared in Russia after the the age of 5 he was a soprano in the church poser conducting his own tone poem. Bolshevik Revolution. He said he could not choir. His father taught him the piano, violin Many of Casals's performances in those separate his beliefs as a human being from and organ, and when he was 8 he began sub­ years were chamber music, which he played his conduct as an artist. stituting for his father as church organist. with Jacques Thlbaud, the violinist, and Al­ Casals lived quietly and simply in Prades Shortly after Pablo's loth birthday he fred Cortot, the pianist. In the United States for close to 12 years. In 1950, however, he heard a cello for the first time when Jose he also gave chamber music recitals with was prevailed upon to soften somewhat his­ Garcia performed in Vendrell. After some Harold Bauer, the pianist, and Fritz Kreis­ vow of musical silence and take part in a coaxing, the elder Casals bought his son a ler, the violinist, and with Kreisler and Ig­ Bach bicentenary festival. The event, which cello and gave him a few lessons. Pablo was nace Paderewskl, the pianist. attracted hundreds of music lovers from fascinated by the instrument and proved so In that period Casals formed intimate many parts of the world, was held in the adept at it that he quickly exhausted his friendships with such musicians as Georges big Church of St. Pierre in Prades. The critics father's pedagogical abllitles. Enesco, Maurice Ravel, Camille Satnt-Saens, found that Casal's bow had lost none of Its ENROLLED IN MUSIC SCHOOL Sergei Rachmanlotf, Gregor Platigorsky, magic. With his mother's backing and against Emanuel Feuermann, Artur Schnabel, Eu­ In that and subsequent Prades festivals the wishes of his father (who wanted the boy gene Ysaye and Paul Hindemith. Casals appeared in a triple role-as soloist, to become a carpenter), Pablo--not quite In 1914 Casals married Susan Metcalfe, the as chamber music ensemble player and as 12-went with his mother to Barcelona, American lieder singer. It was his second conductor. In these concerts he was joined where he enrolled in the Barcelona Munici­ marriage, the first, to Guilhemlna Suggla, a by many internationally famous musicians, pal School of Music. To earn hls living he Portuguese cellist, in 1906, had ended in di­ including Dame Myra Hess, Rudolf Serkin, played evenings for dances with a trio at the vorce six years later. For several years casals Joseph Szigetl and Isaac Stern. Cafe Tost. and later he persuaded the owner was the piano accompanist for Miss Metcalfe, Some indication of a further shift in to devote one night a week to classical mu­ a soprano, and at one point he considered Casal's thinking came in 1951 in a colloquy sic. dropping his career to further hers. However, with Albert Schweitzer, the humanitarian That night attracted serious musicians to the couple parted in 1920. · and philosopher. "It is better to create than the bistro, including Isaac Albeniz, the com­ After World War I and with the breakup to protest," Dr. Schweitzer said in urging the poser and pianist. When Casals was gradu­ of his marriage, the cellist turned his ener­ cellist to return to the concert stage. "Why ated from music school at the age of 17 with gies to Barcelona, where, in 1920, he founded not do both-why not create and protest first prizes for cello, piano and composition, the Orquestra Pau (Catalan for Pablo) Cas­ both?", Casals replied. And he seemed to ala and subsidized it for seven years at a Albeniz gave him a letter of introduction to follow that course in his last years. total cost of $320,000 until it became self­ After a period of self-examination, Casals Count Guillermo de Morphy, a music patron supporting. In these years (and afterward) who was an adviser to Queen Mother Marla went to Mexico in 1956 for his first concert he was its principal conductor. date outside the Prades area. It was there, Christina in Madrid. Early in the nineteen-twenties Casals also The Count, taken with the young cellist, in 1960, that "El Pesebre" had its premiere. founded the Workingmen's Concert Associa­ The oratorio became the banner of his peace introduced him to Marla Christina, who was tion in Barcelona, which gave its members, mission, which he carried to many major also charmed and who granted him a month­ in return for nominal dues, an opportunity cities in the Western world. Discussing this ly stipend of 250 pesetas (about $50) for his to attend Sunday morning concerts of his or­ crusade, he said in 1962: studies. chestra and to set up their own musical "As a man, my first obligation is toward Casals lived in Madrid from 1894 to 1897, groups. the welfare of my fellow men. I will endeavor going to school at the Royal Conservatory of As busy as Casals was in Barcelona, he to meet that obligation through music, the Music, playing duets with the Queen Mother also found time to give concerts in the means which God has given me, since it 34976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 transcends language, politics and national Launched in 1887 as the third health care daughters-best express their interest in boundaries." !acUity in Los Angeles, CHMC now includes their multi-varied philanthropic activi­ In August, 1957, when he was 80, he mar­ the following divisions: the California Hos­ ties: ried Marta. Monta.iiez, one of his cello stu­ pital School of Nursing, the California Pe­ We are happy to be able to share our suc­ dents, who was then 21. They lived in a. diatric Center and the Southern California cess with others. Sharing and giving away cheerful modem house on the beach at Sa.n­ Cancer Center. In addition to staging periodic benefit some of our surplus helps keep our values turce, P.R., where Casa.ls liked to take an straight. early morning stroll before beginning his day events, Auxiliary members are involved in by playing a. Bach work on the piano. "It is supplying tray favors; hostessing expectant While the Creans' philanthropic con­ like a. benediction on the house," he said. mothers at "Stork Socials"; allocating schol­ tributions are many and varied-includ­ Casals had the unstinted admiration of his arships for nursing students, and assisting ing their gift of $1 million toward the fellow artists. And one of them, Mr. Stern, at their capping and graduation exercises; construction of a YMCA in Anaheim, put their feelings this way: operating the hospital's Gift Shop; oversee­ "He has enabled us to realize that a musi­ ing baby photos and supplying substantial Calif.-the unselfish use they make of cian can play in a way that is honest, beauti­ financial aid to the maternity and gynecology their historic 93-acre Rancho Capistrano ful, masculine, gentle, fierce and tender-all clinics. is worthy of particular attention. these together, and all with unequivocal re­ Over the years, Auxiliary volunteers have The Creans have made available the spect for the music being played and faith donated more than one million volunteer beauty and facilities of this great Cali­ in it." hours and contributed nearly $700,000.00, fornia ranch to civic, philanthropic, and Appearing in New York last summer for a earmarked for the medical center's growth religious groups representing the entire free Cent ral Park concert with Mr. Stern­ and expansion. it was cut short by rain before the cellist Substantial donated sums have been used spectrum of American life-and on an could perform--Casals pronounced what to help finance new physical medicine and entirely free basis. could stand as his epitaph. emergency units, the prayer chapel, the pe­ Practically every week in the year some "What can I say to you?" he asked the as­ diatric wing, a. remodeled medical-surgical of these groups are utilizing the ranch semblage. "I am perhaps t he oldest musician unit, and the ultra-modern new Diagnostic and enjoying its manifold facilities-par­ in the world. I am an old man, but in many and Treatment Center. ticularly large encampments of Girl senses a very young man . And this is what The Auxlliary was formed at the suggestion Scouts and Boy Scouts. These facilities I want to be, young, young all your life, and of G. W. Olson, then superintendent at include a historic ranchhouse, horse rid­ to say things to the world that are true." California Hospital, who assembled women from several Lutheran churches. He asked ing trails, picnic grounds, a municipal­ them to organize an auxlliary-to work to­ sized swimming pool, and a private lake, gether to provide a "free bed" for impover­ stocked with fish. TRmUTE TO CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL ished patients. The call to organize was met Many thousands of people-young and enthusiastically, with 66 women signing the old-have had and will continue to have WOMEN'S AUXILIARY charter. the opportunity of enjoying and expe­ During the first ten years of its existence, riencing the beauty and the natural en­ the Auxllia.ry underwrote costs for 142 "free vironment of this great California HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT bed" patients, in addition to donating OP' CALIFORNIA $7000.00 to the hospital. The Depression ranch-due to the generosity and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years put a temporary damper on fund-rais­ spirit of sharing as expressed by Mr. Crean. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 ing efforts, but the interest and enthusiasm of this dedicated band has remained un­ I am proud to have John C. Crean as a Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I daunted to date. citizen of my State, and I believe that would like to congratulate the Women's the example that he has set should be Auxiliary of California Hospital who will, an inspiration to citizens of our business on Friday, November 2, celebrate 50 community and most deserving of the years of volunteer service to the greater JOHN C. CREAN highest commendation of this legislative Los Angeles community. I am happy to body. join in this expression of appreciation HON. THOMAS M. REES and gratitude to the many members of the women's auxlliary who have, over OF CALIFORNIA VICE PRESIDENT-DESIGNATE FORD the past half century, giyen generous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SHOULD BE CONFIRMED support and tireless effort to help pro­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 vide for the health care needs in the Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, John HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Los c. Angeles area. The California Hos­ Crean, one of the leading industrialists OF MARYLAND pital is a member of the Lutheran Hos­ in the United States and founder and pital Society of Southern California, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chairman of the board of Fleetwood En­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 the president, Samuel J. Tibbitts, is a terprises, is an individual whose dedica­ constituent of my 24th Congressional tion to the basic principles of American Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am dis­ District, residing in San Marino, Calif. citizenship is worthy of the attention and turbed at attempts presently being made A great many of my constituents have commendation of this body. by some Members of the majority party participated in a meaningful way to con­ Despite the great demands he must to tie the confirmation of Representa­ tribute to the beneficial works of the meet as the head of a large business or­ tive GERALD FORD as Vice President to auxiliary, and I would like to submit to ganization, Mr. Crean has for many the continuing battle over Watergate­ my colleagues in the U.S. House of Rep­ years given freely of his time and his related matters, and to his position on resentatives a brief review of the activi­ resources for many philanthropic en­ one political issue or another. I think ties of Cali.fornia Hospital's Women•s deavors-all aimed toward giving a help­ most Americans will find this shameful Auxiliary over the past 50 years: ing hand to his fellow man. opposition unacceptable. I am happy to BACKGROUND INFORMATION, WOMEN'S Auxn.­ John C. Crean is indeed America's note that both of the daily newspapers URY OF CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL modem-day Horatio Alger. A native of in Baltimore, neither of which is par­ Founded on November 21, 1923, the Compton, Calif., Mr. Crean, an ex-paper­ ticularly fond of the Republican admin­ Women's Aux1lia.ry of Califomla Hospital is boy and printer's devil, started from istration these days, have stated edi­ entering its second half-century of volunteer scratch a mere 20 years ago and built torially their wishes for speedy hearings service-proud of its venerable history and Fleetwood Enterprises into a dominant and confirmation of Representative FoRD, young enough in spirlt to adapt to changing free of any extraneous conditions im­ times and fresh perspectives. position in the design and manufacture The Aux111ary, one of the first hospita.l­ of mobile homes and trailers. posed on the basis of partisan considera­ aflillated women's groups to be organized in And in the best tradition of good citi­ tions. I believe that their positions are Ca.llfornia., "now has more th.a.n 600 members. zenship he is doing something to give correct, and I share them at this time They provide a. wealth of services and fund­ back to the country and to his fellow with the membership: raising support to califomla Hospital Medical Americans some of the benefits of his [From the Baltimore Sun, Oct. 23, 1978] Center, a. major 325-bed non-profit institu• tlon encompassing acute and out-patient astounding success. A VICE PRESIDENT NEEDED care, educational programs and research ac­ John Crean, and his gracious wife, Congress has a duty under the Twenty­ tivities. Donna--parents to two sons and two fifth Amendment to proceed with the fllllng October 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34977 of the vice presidency regardless of the latest The odds against this taking place are large; when he was confronted with honest men escalation in the Watergate crisis. Indeed, even 1f impeachment proceedings were held, who would not bend to his will. After the case for giving the nation a. second-in­ it remains unlikely that the President would urging that Watergate be "left to the command is more compelllng than ever be­ be drummed out of omce by Congress. cause of the weakness of the first-in-com­ Then, why make such an issue over the courts," the President denied Mr. Cox mand. This is not a plea. for the confirma­ vice presidency with so many lfs, buts and the authority to return to the courts ta tion of Gerald R. Ford, per se, because Con­ maybes strewing the road to a. Democratic obtain a judicial ruling on criminal evi­ gress must look thoroughly into Mr. Ford's takeover of the White House? Why demand dence needed for prosecution. Mr. Cox background and qualifications. But it is a that Mr. Ford, who for 25 years in the House had no choice--he was to forgo the plea that Mr. Ford not be held hostage to the has never opposed the constitution, never notes and memoranda which were also erratic behaVior of President Nixon-be­ urged an unconstitutional act, now give proof covered by the subpenas, and he was to havior that has led to crises for impeachment that he believes in the constitution? His forgo any attempt to obtain any similar from some respected figures on Capitol Hill. quarter-century of service speaks eloquently Senator Kennedy, among others, has ar­ to that point. evidence relating to the other aspects of gued that Mr. Nixon's selection of Mr. Ford What's going on here is partisan politics his investigation--or be fired. We now should not be accepted so long as Mr. Ford a.s usual, a.t a. time in this nation's history know what happened. supports the President's stand in the Water­ when the federal government is enduring a The public outrage will not subside gate tapes controversy. We disagree. We dis­ unique sequence of events. · until the people are satisfied that the agree not because we in any way condone The constitution requires a. vice president. Watergate and related investigations will the President's intolerable attempts to put Congress should confirm Mr. Ford with de­ continue with some assurance of honesty himself above the law. We disagree because liberate speed. It is the one congressional and integrity. Mr. Nixon, and those who in important matters a Vice President-desig­ action that can be taken right now to reg­ nate (like a. Vice President in office) must be ularize the government. blindly support his actions, seem to be expected to give the President his loyalty. satisfied that he has shrewdly and effec­ The alternative would be a. kind of stress tively stopped the investigations of that could be dangerous or disruptive to the Watergate and related criminal activi­ country, as the Agnew a.tra.ir proved in its OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL ties by firing the special prosecutor when final stages. PROSECUTOR he thought the trail of lawlessness pur­ The very fact for the first time impeach­ sued by Mr. Cox was leading the prose­ ment of the President is attracting serious cutors to the President and his cronies. attention lends a special importance to the HON. WILLIAM D. FORD selection of a new Vice President. Whether The Senate had proceeded in good he is to be Mr. Ford or another nominee OF MICHIGAN faith with the appointment of Elliot must remain beside the point pending the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Richardson as Attorney General. This congressional inquiry of Mr. Ford. What is Wednesday, October 24, 1973 was based largely on Mr. Nixon's solemn not beside the point, bowever, is the un­ promise to the Senate concerning the savory political situation that would develop Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, provisions for an appointment of a spe­ if the Democratic majority in Congress sits I am somewhat saddened by comments cial prosecutor. tight and does nothing while Mr. Nixon's fu­ I have seen in the press and other news ture is in doubt. In such a case, Speaker Carl The special prosecutor had received Albert, a Democrat, would stand as next in media in the last 18 or 20 hours indicat­ full authority to investigate and prose­ line of succession to the Republican incum­ ing that those who would defend there­ cute all offenses arising out of the 1972 bent in the White House. And the partisan cent actions of the President seem satis­ presidential election. He had received strife inherent in these circumstances would fied to suggest that now that the Presi­ full authority to conduct proceedings be­ be such that Congress could never handle dent of the United States has acknowl­ fore grand juries and to review all docu­ the impeachment process with the judicial edged that he, like other Americans, mentary evidence available from any detachment envisaged by the Constitution. should obey the orders a court which are source. He had received full authority to Democrats would be subject to accusations not under appeal but final in their na­ of trying to gain the White House for nar­ determine whether or not to contest the row party interests. Those Republicans ap­ ture, that this is sufficient unto the mo­ assertion of "executive privilege" or any palled by Mr. Nixon's conduct would be un­ ment, and we should get on about other other testimonial privilege. He had re­ der terrible pressures not to reverse the vot­ business and disregard the events that ceived assurances that the Attorney Gen­ ers' selection of a GOP President last Novem­ outraged the American public this last eral would not countermand or interfere ber. weekend. with his decisions or actions. Finally, he We have no faith in schemes whereby Mr. The essential elements still missing had received assurances that he would Albert would become President, select a com­ from this country are public confidence not be removed from his duties except petent Republican as Vice President and in its President, in its government, and then-maybe--resign. The Twenty-fifth for extraordinary improprieties on his Amendment dealing with the presidential in its government's institutions. Until the part. succession was framed seven years ago to President reassures the American people Clearly, Mr. Nixon has vigorously meet some of the problems stemming from by reappointing the special prosecutor, shaken the confidence of the American the relative infiex:1b1llty of our system. To Mr. Cox, or by appointing someone with people, its existing institutions and the manipulate its provisions would be a.n af­ the. same mandate that the special pros­ Congress in the firing of the special front to the Constitution at a. time when ecutor was given in the assurances that prosecutor and the abolishment of his the spirit and language of that doctrine are were made to the American people and office. There is no reason for confidence our last refuge. Congress earlier this year by the Presi­ in further prosecutions without the Of­ dent himself. That is, that these matters fice of the Special Prosecutor. How could [From the Baltimore News American, would be clearly and openly examined, Oct, 23, 1973 J a Justice Department continuation of and the public would be informed. I am the Cox investigation be credible when WHAT'S GOING ON HEBE? afraid that the great outpouring of con­ The confirmation of Gerald Ford as vice the President has demonstrated that en­ cern that was understandibly demon­ thusiastic investigation of criminal ac­ president seems to be running into a. Demo­ strated over this past weekend by the cratic roadblock that is as politically moti­ tivity will threaten the prosecutor with vated as It is unwarranted. The Democrats American people will not subside. being fired or forced out. in Congress are trying to link the Watergate Simply turning over some of the tapes Chesterfield H. Smith, president of tapes to Ford's confirmation, when one really under duress of court orders will not and the American Bar Association, justified has absolutely nothing to do with the other. should not satisfy the peoples' demand the creation of a special prosecutor's of­ It is curious that the loudest advocates of for a full and honest investigation. fice in saying: delay are Senator Kennedy and Representa­ Mr. Speaker, President Ni"-:on's firing tive Thomas O'NeUI Jr., both Democrats from It would be improper for an investigation of the special prosecutor, Archibald Cox, of the President himself, of the omce of the Massachusetts which is the only state out of his 50 that President Nixon failed to win in 1972. and the subsequent abolishment of President, or of the Executive Branch of the And it is curious that, without a. vice presi­ office, shocked the nation, and he has Federal Government to be conducted by a dent, the next heart beat to the White House grossly misled the A!merican people and prosecutor subject to the direction and con­ belongs to the Speaker of the House, Carl the United States Congress in his pre­ trol of the President. Albert, a Democrat from Oklahoma. vious support of the special prosecutor's Sen. Kennedy and his clique may be hop­ The President told us he understood ing for a confrontation between the Presi­ office. this and agreed to it. dent and the Supreme Court that will lead to It appears that the President took it Nixon's own appointee, William Ruck­ impeachment proceedings against Mr. Nixon. upon himself to break a solemn compact elshaus, former Deputy Attorney Gen- 34978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 eral, had expressed doubt that the Jus­ imply the divorce of religion's basic moral Mllllons have in you found keep, tice Department could conduct an inde­ and ethical principles from the conduct of Those oppressed in their own land public affairs, we voice our concern oveT some Here now 1n peace and quiet dwell pendent investigation. He said: recent developments 1n public life and reaf­ Where now new generations stand. For one thing, the department will be firm our commitment to the fundamental under such pressure after the events of the So let us thank our Mighty Father, principles of democracy. That we are freemen of this land, weekend that it might find it difficult "not to At a time when there is widespread dis­ prosecute" when the evidence might be too And let us not relax or waver trust of government resulting from the abuse Till all men know this fortune too. slim to risk prosecution. He stressed that the of poliitioal power, we need to be reminded Investigation should be "done on an Inde­ OTTO H. KAPPUS. of the premises upon which our government SEPTEMBER 13, 1966. pendent basis." was constituted. We are gratified that there Former Attorney General Elliot Rich­ is today a widespread rea.ction against this AMERIKA abuse. Indeed, we view this reaction as evi­ ardson, said just yesterday, that the ad­ dence of the intrinsic strength of our Amer­ Amerika, Du Land der Freien, ministration should appoint a new ican tradition. Du bestes auf dem Erdenrund! prosecutor. He said that a "completely The times oa.ll for an a.ffirma.tion of trust Dir will ich meine Krafte weihen, independent" special prosecutor "is an 1n the basic principles of the Amerioa.n sys­ Bis zu der letzten Lebensstund'! important guarantee of the integrity of tem of democracy. These include: (1) gov­ Du hast den h5chsten Traum er!illlet any investigation." Mr. Richardson was ernment's powers are derived from the con­ Von Gleichheit und Gerechtigkei,t, the one gentleman who had restored our sent of the governed; (2) the harmful poten­ Und hast den Bruderhass gestlllet, confidence in the honor and courage of tial in any concentr81tion of governmental Befreit uns von dem Klassenstreit. power makes necessary the distribution of men in public office when he resigned powers among those who make, execute, and Auch na.hmst hinweg die Seelenbtirde rather than compromise or succumb to interpret law; (3) government is to protect Der eitlen Uberheblichkeit. pressure. the rights and liberties, and to promote the Du gabst uns wieder Menschenwilrde Mr. Speaker, it is my strong feeling well-being of all people; and (4) all public Und schufst so eine neue Zeit. that the President should reappoint Mr. officials must be subject to law 1n both pub­ Ob Juden, Christ', ob Slav', Germanen, Cox and his staff or appoint some other lic and private conduct. Ob weiss, ob schwarz, ob arm, ob reich, able and trustworthy prosecutor who will In affirmil.ng these principles, we express Wer immer waren unsere Ahnen, our faith in the ultima.te triumph of the Hier sind wir all einander gleich. have the same privileges and rights of right and of the truth 1n a nation whose independence which the Senate and the citizens are dedicated to justice and right­ So wurdst Du Zufiucht fur Millionen, President had agreed upon last spring. eousness in every aspect of life. In this con­ Die einst bedruckt in ihrem Land, Congress must not fail to insist that fidence, we urge our people to exempllify and Hier nun in Ruh' und Frieden wohnen, the President allow that these investiga­ to require character and Integrity 1n both Sodass ein neu Geschlecht erstand. tions be continued in the same honest public and private life, and to discharge re­ Drum lasst uns dem Allmachtgen danken, and independent manner to which Mr. sponsibly their duties as citizens. Moreover, Dass Btirger wir von diesem Land, we encourage our Christian young people Und lasst uns weichen nlch noch wanken, Cox and his staff had worked. to seek !or themselves a vocation through Bis aile Welt dies GlUck erkannt! If the President fails to do this, it is up which they may make their contribution to OTTo H. KAPPus. to the Congress to preserve the integrity government and to society 1n general. of these investigations by reestablishing 13. September 1966.-Dem Btirgerverein the Office of the Special Prosecutor. gewidmet, am 30, September 1966.

OKTOBERFEST A STATEMENT OF CONCERN NIXON'S FAILURE TO TRUST HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN PEOPLE BRINGS MISTRUST OF OF MARYLAND GOVERNMENT HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW JERSEY Wednesday, October 24, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Okto­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 OF PENNSYLVANIA berfest celebrations held during the IN. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, as a month of October is one of many ways result of the dramatic events of the past which the German people illustrate their Wednesday, October 24, 1973 few weeks, people throughout the Nation festive mood and their appreciation for Mr. En.BERG. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ have begun to question the fundamental all mankind. dent George Meany recently addressed values of this society and the future of I wish to insert into the REcoRD a poem the American Federation of Labor-Con­ the American political system. It is with­ written by Otto H. Kappus, in 1966, en­ gress of Industrial Organization Con­ in this context that I want to share with titled, "Amerika." I recommend this vention with his usual candor on the you and my colleagues something that poem to all my colleagues as it portrays present administration's stewardship of has come to my attention. the feeling of the many German-Ameri­ the National Government. I am insert­ Recently, a statement of concern, fo­ cans and of their concern for the protec­ ing excerpts of his remarks in the RECORD cusing on moral and ethical principles tion of the civil and political rights of for the review of our colleagues: in public life, was unanimously adopted citizens in this country. NIXON'S FAILURE To TRUST PEOPLE BRINGS by the Baptist Joint Committee on Pub­ I insert both the German version and MisTRUST OF GOVERNMENT lic Affairs. The committee, which adopt­ the English translation. The past two years have been years of ed the resolution October 3, is a denomi­ Both versions of the poem follows: grave problems for America. The labor move­ national agency in the Nation's Capital ment, obviously, has not esca.ped the prob­ AMERICA lems that affect all Americans in their daily maintained by eight national Baptist You, America, Freedom's land, lives. Neither will we escape the problems bodies in the United States. Best of all upon this earth, that are certain to come in the future. This statement, I believe, is noteworthy To you w1ll I devote my strength Overriding all others is the crisis of pub­ for two reasons. Primarily, the group has Till life's last hour comes to me. lic confidence in the institutions of govern­ succeeded in offering perceptive insight You have our highest dreams fulfilled ment. Certainly Watergate has played a. role into some of our national problems. In Of justice and equality, 1n eroding public trust in governmen1i. But addition, however, I think this statement the erosion began when the people perceived And have fraternal hatred stilled that the government did not trust them is a good example of the kind of forceful And freed us from all class dispute. enough to tell them the whole truth. leadership groups such as the Baptist The weight from troubled soul you took, The Administration did not tell them the Joint Committee can provide in a time of The weight of vain and haughty pride, whole truth about its economic policies and crisis. Mr. Speaker, the statement fol­ Again restoring mankind's worth their terrible consequences for working peo­ lows: And built for us an epoch new. ple. A STATEMENT OF CONCERN Whether Christian, Jew, German, Slav, The Administration did not level with the Believing that separation of church and Whether black or white, rich or poor, American people about the Russian grain state does not mean separation of religion No matter what our ancestry, deal. from government or politics, nor should it All of us are equal here. The Administration has not let the people October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34979 in on what is rea.Ily going on in our inter­ program that benefits the wealthy and the ing the behavior of two younger children n&tiona.l relations. corporations as "in the national interest." whom they could see on a video (TV) mon­ And surely the Administration cannot ex­ We reject that philosophy. We say that itor. The younger children at first played pect the full trust and confidence of the America cannot afford to junk decades of so­ quietly, then progressively became destruc­ American people when it pursues tax policies ciaJ progress for the many in the interest of tive. Their altercation culminated in a phys­ that penalize them for not being rich, while further enrichment of the privileged and the ical fight ending with the apparent destruc­ rewarding corporate wealth and special in­ powerful. tion of the TV ca.mera. The dependent meas­ terests. ures were (1) the time it took a subject to In a democracy, government rests on the seek adult help after the younger children informed consent of the governed, and the MEDIA VIOLENCE AND ITS EFFECT began to be disruptive, and (2) whether or informed consent of the people can only be ON ClllLDREN not the subject waited until the younger won by a government of candor. children had begun to abuse one another Watergate would not have brought on the physicaJly before seeking adult help. Results constitutional confrontation that faces this HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI indicate that children who saw an aggres­ country today if the truth had been told on OF NEW JERSEY sive film took longer to seek adult help than June 18, 1972. The economy would not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES children who did not see the film. More im­ on the brink of a recession if the President portantly, children in the film group were had lived up to his promise of February 19, Wednesday, October 24, 1973 much more likely to tolerate all but violent 1969, that inflation would be curbed Without physical aggression and destruction before increasing unemployment. Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, Ire­ seeking help. The free trade union movement in America cently had the opportunity to preview a The widespread portrayal of violence in grew out of the soil of democracy. It was report soon to be published in the Amer­ television and movies has come under strong nurtured by the rights and liberties which ican Psychological Association's journal attack during recent years due to increasing are enjoyed by free citizens. Whenever those Development Psychology, studying the evidence that observation of such displays rights are threatened, whenever people are effects of media violence on children's ma.y foster similar behavior on the part of subordinated to money, then the free trade behavior. Violence has become an in­ viewers. It is well documented that exposure union movement is threatened. creasingly accepted part of our lives, due to filmed violence ma.y increase the likeli­ Every American is affected every day by hood that young children will exhibit aggres­ this Administration's mismanagement of the in part, to the increasing amount of vio­ sive behaviors toward both inanimate and economy. Economic controls, as practiced by lence we allow to penetrate our home live victims (e.g., Bandura, Ross, & Ross, this Administration, are a sham and a shame. entertainment. Many of us have been 1961, 1963; Hanratty, et al., 1969· Hanratty The economic picture is deteriorating. concerned that the American people can, O'Neal, & Sulzer, 1972; Liebert & Baron', Swollen corporate profits and exorbitant in­ and have been anesthetized to violence 1972). These authors have consistently dem­ terest rates are feeding inflation but the at home and abroad through increas­ onstrated that the presentation of media. Administration refuses to restrain the worst ingly violent programs on television. The violence can provide opportunity for acquisi­ inflationary factors in the economy. tion of novel aggressive skills and can en­ Housing construction is at a virtual stand­ APA study lends great support to this courage performance of similar behaviors stm and threatens to trigger Widespread un­ fear. through modeling and disinhibitory influ­ employment. Worker buying power is declin­ The study showed that children who ences. ing, yet the Administration continues in­ saw an aggressive film and then were In addition to these effects, however, it ap­ equitable wage controls and vetoes a mini­ made responsible for monitoring the be­ pears reasonable to speculate that observa­ mum wage bill that would bring some small havior of younger children were much tion of filmed aggression ma.y affect viewers measure of economic relief to low-income less likely to seek appropriate adult help in other undesirable ways. There is some evi­ workers. when the younger children misbehaved dence to suggest that children's conceptions In fact, economic conditions today closely of reaJity ma.y be influenced by media resemble those that led to the recession of than children who had not seen the film. dramatiza.tions. In a study by Siegel (1958), 1969-70 and threaten again to cause reces­ The children appeared to have learned to seven-year-old children who heard radio sion this year. tolerate real life aggression by being ex­ seria.ls about taxi drivers were asked to pre­ Contrary to the opinion of some commen­ posed to media violence. This suggests dict the ending of a newspaper story that tators and editorialists, the trade union the frightening possibility that while was focused on a loca.I cab driver. Those chil­ movement in America is alive and well. some children are incorporating media­ dren who had listened to a dramatization in Afilliated unions have reported some col­ initiated violent responses into their which taxi drivers were portrayed as being lective bargaining gains, despite employer everyday behavior, even more may be unusually aggressive attributed much more eagerness to serve as enforcers of the Presi­ violence to the driver in the newspaper story dent's wage controls. There continues to be learning to tolerate them. Viewing vio­ than did children who had heard a radio a steady, appreciable gain in membership, lence under the guise of "entertainment" serial in which taxi drivers behaved in a non­ led by organization of government employes. may increase tolerance to aggression oc­ violent manner. The conclusion that chil­ In addition, several unions have reported new curring in the real world, and thus make dren's attitudes about the real world ma.y be interest on the part of white collar workers a person less willing to assist when he affected by fictional presentations is in joining the labor movement. strengthened by the fact that only children witnesses such behavior in his own life. who understood that newspapers report rea.l Particularly heartening is the increase in I commend this study to the attention union membership among members of mi­ events were retained in the fina.l anaJysis. nority groups in all industries and trades. of my colleagues: Also, some writers ha.ve suggested that re­ This development brihgs new strength and DOES MEDIA VIOLENCE INCREASE CHILDREN'S peated observation of violence can result in talent to the labor movement and at the TOLERATION OF REAL LIFE AGGRESSION? 1 emotional habituation (e.g., Goranson, 1970). sa.me time represents another signpost of 2 Indeed, Berger (1962) demonstrated tha.t (By Ronald S. Drabman and Margaret adult subjects• emotional arousal progres­ progress in the continuing struggle for civil Hanratty Thomas) rights. For the surest way for minorities to sively declined while watching a victim re­ be able to enjoy their civil rights is through ABSTRACT ceive a large number of painful electric the economic security and human dignity for Twenty-two ma.le and 22 female third and shocks. Similar findings have been reported which the labor movement has always stood. fourth graders were randomly divided into by Lazarus and his associates (Lazarus, 1966; Today, the labor movement is stronger po­ groups for a 2 (sex) by 2 (film, no film) Lazarus & Alfert, 1964; Speisma.n Lazarus litically than it has ever been in history. factorial design. Children in the aggressive Mordko1f, & Davidson, 1964). ' ' Many unions that had no political action film group saw a cowboy film which depleted If observation of violence serves to shape programs before have good programs now. many violent events. All children were led to viewers• expectancies about real life and be­ The 1974 election becomes more and more believe that they were responsible for watch- havior and/or reduce emotional responsivity important With every veto. The President is to witnessed violence, it seems likely that re­ actions to aggression encountered in every­

METHOD girl's buildings. The children continued argu­ to this type of aggression. Nonresponders Participants and destgn ing and destroyed each other's remaining were excluded from this analysis. There were buildings. They then began to push and 4 nonresponders in the film group and 3 in The subjects were 22 boys and 22 girls from threaten one another. The girl began chasing the no film condition. An analysis with these the third and fourth grades of a parochial the boy, crying, while he taunted her with subjects included yielded similar results elementary school which serves a pre­ repeated shouts of "You can't catch me!" (X2=6.70. df=1. tJ .17). a 2X2 factorial with the variables of treat­ the children yelled accusations of blame at ment condition (aggressive film. versus no each other. Finally, the boy shouted "Watch TABLE 2.-SUBJECTS SEEKING HELP BEFORE OR AFTER film.) and sex of subject. out!", and a loud crash was heard. No more PHYSICAL VIOLENCE Procedure sounds were audible afterward. The experimenter met each subject indi­ The experimenter remained in the hallway Number of Number of vidually at the classroom and explained that outside the room and recorded the time subjects subjects he wanted the subject to "play some games." which had elapsed from the beginning of the responding respondin~ He then remarked that he was ahead of tape and the moment at which the subject before after schedule and suggested that before begin­ left the room to notify him. If the subject rung he show the subject his "new trailer." did not respond within 70 seconds after the FilmNo film ______------______3 15 Upon arrival at the trailer, which was located audio portion ended, the experimenter re­ 11 8 in the school yard, the experimenter explain­ entered the room and inquired if anything ed that the trailer was being used sometimes happened. Note: Nonresponders were excludP.d from this analysis. by a friend to work with kindergarten chil­ Debriefing Similarly, nonresponders were excluded dren from another school. The large room in­ The experimenter immediately assured the side the trailer contained a variety of toys from this analysis. There were 5 boys and 2 subject that everything was being taken girls who falled to respond. An analysis with suitable for young children (i.e., a large care of. He told the subject that his friend number of blocks, picture books, crayons, these subjects included also failed to reach was now at the trailer and that no real harm significance (x2 =0.42, d/=1, p>.50). and toy milk bottles). At the far end of the had been done. No child appeared to have room, a large camera was mounted on a tri­ been upset by the experience. Finally, the DISCUSSION pod. The experimenter pointed to the camera experimenter asked the subject to solve five These results provide support for the no­ and said: "We have a a T.V. camera here. It mazes and praised his performance warmly. tion that children's responsivity to real life takes pictures of everything going on in this Each child was thanked for his participa­ aggression may be affected by previous obser­ room. In fact, it's taking pictures of us right tion and given a candy bar. vation of fictional violence. Latency scores new!" The experimenter then escorted the were related to exposure to the aggressive subject to a room in the school building RESULTS film, and the basis on which the subject's de­ where they were to "play games." Subjects Latency scores were computed by subtract­ cision to summon adult help was made also in the aggressive film group were then shown ing the amount of time which had elapsed is clearly lnfiuenced by this variable. sev­ an 8-minute western featuring Hopalong before the first blocks were knocked down eral possible explanations of this effect are Cassidy. The film depleted several gunbattles, from the total time recorded by the experi­ tenable. First of all, if media presentations shootings, and flstfights. Immediately there­ menter. This number provided an accurate furn1sh children with a concept of "what after, the experimenter glanced at his watch measure of the length of time during which the world is really like" (National Commis­ and explained that he needed to tn.ake an the subject viewed the altercation before sion on the Causes and Prevention of Vio­ important phone call. He then continued: notifying the experimenter. Since these data lence, 1969; Siegel, 1958), then witnessing ag­ "I have somewhat of a problem. You see, were neither normally distributed nor show­ gressive behavior on television and in movies I promised my friends who wm be working ed homogeneity of error variance, nonpara.­ may serve to make the viewer more likely to with younger children in the trailer today metrlc analyses were used. Table 1 presents consider conflict and fighting as normative that I would watch the children for him the median latency scores for subjects in behaviors. Thus, when real life aggression is while he's gone. See, I can turn on this T .V. each of the four experimental groups. Com­ witnessed, it is not considered to be sur­ set and watch what's happening in the trail­ parisons by Mann-Whitney U tests revealed prising or unusual and therefore does not er. [The experimenter then turned on the that, as anticipated, children who had seen seem to warrant action on the part of the monitor which showed the stlll vacant the aggressive film responded more slowly observer. A slm1lar interpretation is focused traller.] Oh good! They haven't gotten there than children who had not seen the film on contrast effects. Since it is quite unlikely yet. There's no one there now. Well, I might (z=1.82; p=.034) while sex of subject was that one might see aggression 1n his own life get back before they arrive, but if I don't, not related to speed of responding (z=0.27, which is as extreme as that usually pre­ could you watch the children for me? Thanks p=0.39). sented in the media, real life aggression a lot. Just watch the T.V. and if the children might often seem to be trivial in compari­ get there before I come back, then you keep TABLE I.-MEDIAN LATENCY SCORES (IN SECONDS) FOR son. Also, exposure to violence may reduce an eye on them. I imagine they'll be O.K. but SUBJECTS IN THE 4 GROUPS emotional responsivlty to subsequent scenes sometimes little kids can get into trouble, of violence (Goranson, 1970) thereby making and that's why an older person should be Males Females it less likely that individuals will react watching them. If anything does happen, quickly. Because the subjects in the control come get me. I'll be in the principal's office." Film ______Md=104 ______Md=l19. group did not see a film., differential arousal Subjects in the no film group were given range=13 to 196 ____ range=59 to 196. might be offered as an alternative explana­ the same instructions immediately after No film ______Md=63 ______Md=75. tion for these findings. However, since all their arrival at the room in the school build­ range=l3 to 196 ____ range=21 to 139. subjects were told expllcity what they should ing. do, it would seem thBit if subjects who had Each child then witnessed the same video­ Furthermore, since the primary interest seen the aggressive film were more aroused taped sequence. The purpose of the visit to was to determine the effect of viewing ag­ than subjects in the no film group, then in­ the trailer was to insure that the subject gression and children's subsequent tolera­ creased aroUsal should result in quicker re­ would believe that the events he saw on the tion of such behavior, subjects who notified sponding by subjects in the film group (e.g., monitor were live. the experimenter were classified on the basis Spence, 1956; Zajonc, 1965). Further research of whether they responded to the chlldren's is necessary to explore these alternative in­ After two minutes of tape which showed terpretations. the unoccupied trailer, an adult male and arguing and destruction of each O'ther's prop­ Many questions remain unanswered, and two young children (a 4-year-old girl and a erty or whether they responded only after research is currently underway to investi­ 5-year-old boy of approximately equal size) more extreme forms of aggressive behavior gate the impact of such variables as the de­ entered the trailer. The adult told the chil­ were witnessed (i.e., hitting ea.ch other or gree and type of violence exhibited in the dren that he had to leave, but that they could breaking the camera) . An analysis of these aggressive film, the age of the subjects, and play while he was gone. After the adult left data (presented in Table 1) revealed a high­ characteristics of the participants in the real the children played quietly with crayons and ly significant effect for treatm.ent condll.tlon ltfe aggression. However, the results of this paper for approximately one minute. They study, taken together With others in which then each built two structures with the (x2=6.69, d/=1, P<.01). Whereas 58% of the modeling and disinhibitory effects of me­ blocks. The girl criticized the boy's building, those subjects in the no film condition who notified the experimenter did so before the dia violence have been demonstrated (Ban­ stating that hers was much nicer. After an dura, Ross, & Ross, 1961, 1963; Hanratty et al., interchange of derogatory comments, the children began to fight physically, only 17% 1969; Hanratty, O'Neil, & Sulzar, 1972; Lie- boy maliciously knocked over one of the of the subjects in the film group responded October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34981 bert & Baron, 1972), suggest the frightening of the world's automobiles. There are Introduction possibility that while some children are in­ 97.65 million cars circulating around our corporating such violent responses into their One recurring energy conservation sugges­ everyday behavior, even more may be learn­ country, consuming 73.5 million gallons tion has been the thought that we could ing to tolerate them. of gasoline each year-that is 14.3 per­ save considerable amounts of gasoline if we cent of the total energy this Nation con­ were to shift to more efficient automobiles. REFERENCES sumes. This has been constantly in the news columns Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. Trans­ In recent years the efficiency of the of late, for example, in the New York Times mission of aggression through imitation of Magazine on June 10, 1973, entitled "Auto­ aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and American automobile has seriously de­ Suggestion." This memorandum is an ex­ Social Psychology, 1961, 63, 575-582. clined. Contrary to popular attitudes, ploration of the concept of a tax designed Bandura, A., Ross, D. & Ross, S. A. Imita­ this decline is attributable not so much to encourage vehicle economy. tion of film-mediated aggressive models. to emission control as to increased vehi­ The trend in vehicle economy Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, cle weight and more optional equipment. Mlles per gallon in passenger vehicles has 1963, 66, 3-11. This trend can and must be reversed. I been coming down significantly since 1050. Berger, S. Conditioning through vicarious have introduced with Senator FRANK instigation. Psychological Review, 1962, 69, Automobiles in 1950 were averaging 14.95 miles per gallon. By 1972, this has dropped 405-456. Moss legislation to encourage the pro­ duction of more efficient automobiles to 13.57. Why has automoblle efficiency fal­ Goranson, R. E. Media violence and aggres­ len so much? There seem to be several rea­ sive behavior: A review of experimental re­ through the imposition of a graduated sons. Advances in excise tax

1967-73 calendar years, percentage of total registrations

1973 sales 1 Market class 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 (thousands)

High price class (Cadillac, Lincoln, etc)------2.9 2.6 2.9 2.3 2. 7 2. 7 2.4 238 Medium price class (Pontiac, Olds, Bu1ck, etc.)------17.8 17.0 16.8 13.7 15.1 14.5 12.7 1, 257 Regular size (Ford, Chevrolet, P~mouth, etc.>------28.6 27.0 25.7 22.5 . 20.9 19. 3 16.3 1, 614 Special sports type (Chevrolet onte Carlo, Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camero, etc.) ______-- __ ------12.8 11.7 11.1 10.3 8.6 8.2 9.9 980 Intermediate size (Ford Torino, Chevrolet, Olds Cutlass, etc.)_------21.8 24.0 22. 2 21.0 18.1 19.2 18.8 1, 861 Compact size (Chevrolet Nova, Ford Maverick, Dodge Dart, Plymouth 13.8 12.1 12.9 14.4 1, 425 1.6 7.4 8.2 9.6 950 ~~~~i~;n~~i{~~e~~~~~: ~i~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ======:: =: ======::------:~;------i~~ ~------i ~~:- 14.7 15.1 14.5 15.9 1, 574 TotaL ______------100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 9, 900

1 Projected based on current trends and R. L. Polk data. Source: Ward's Automobile Yearbook based on R. L. Polk data.

A more practical way of looking at the come. By 1970, this figure had declined to In rapid succession, these events have same figures is to see the change in the per­ 35%.• taken place: cent of large cars (medium, regular size, in­ The President demanded that Attorney termediate size, and special sports type) ver­ General Elllot Richardson fire special Water­ sus small cars (compact, sub-compact) and AFL-CIO URGES NIXON gate prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson foreign cars since 1967. High price cars are RESIGNATION refused and resigned. The President de­ excluded. They remain at the same level manded that Deputy Attorney General Wil­ regardless of time and price and continue to liam D. Ruckelshaus fire Cox. Ruckelshaus be about 2.6 percent of the market. This HON. BELLA S. ABZUG refused and was fired. The President ordered could indicate that these vehicles occupy a OF NEW YORK his Solicitor General, Robert H. Bork, to fire special place in the market due to prestige IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cox, and Bork, now Acting Attorney General, or other reasons, and are highly price­ complied. The President ordered the FBI to inelastic. Wednesday, October 24, 1973 seal off the omces of the special prosecutor, The percentage of large cars has fallen from Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, on Monday, the Attorney General and the Deputy Attor­ 81 percent in 1967 to 57.7 percent in 1973, ney General-thereby, 1n effect, taking pos­ while the percentage of compacts, sub-com­ October 22, 1973, the AFL-CIO, the session of the Watergate evidence. pacts and foreign cars has risen from 16.0 Nation's most powerful labor organiza­ These incredible actions have revealed the percent in 1968 to 39.9 percent in 1973. What tion, called for President Nixon's resig­ extent to which Mr. Nixon is prepared to go this indicates is that the public is shift­ nation, or if the President refuses to to prevent the full disclosure of evidence ing its buying habits and buying smaller resign, impeachment: relating to the Watergate cover-up and other cars. Why should this be so? We believe that the American people have charges of criminal conduct by high govern­ Reasons tor the shift had enough. More than enough. ment omcials. He had already refused the The reasons for shift to smaller cars ap­ We therefore call upon Richard Nixon, orders of two courts to turn nine of his tapes President of the United States, to resign. bearing on the Watergate matters over to pear to be many. One important reason may Judge John Sirica. be that a higher percentage of the publlc We ask him to resign in the interest of are buying second and third cars now which preserving our democratic system of govern­ The President seems determined not to tend to be smaller than the basic family car. ment, which requires a relationship of trust discharge the chief obligation of his omce. The percentage of households which own and candor between the people and their Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution states two or more cars increased from 19.0 percent political leaders. that, "he shall take care that the laws be in 1961 to 29.8 percent in 1971, a 50 percent faithfully executed." But Mr. Nixon seems We ask him to resign in the interest of utterly determined to frustrate the full and increase. restoring a fully functioning government, impartial administration of the law. A second reason is a general change in the which his Adminlstration is too deeply 1n When the Senate Judiciary Committee con­ public taste in transportation. Foreign cars, disarray to provide. firmed the appointment of Cox, it acted with for instance, have become popular, although We ask him to resign in the interest of the understanding, spelled out in the guide­ their percentage of total U.S. sales have national security. lines drawn up by the Attorney General, on 9.3 15.9 grown from percent to percent since If Mr. Nixon does not resign, we call upon May 19, that he would have: 1967, a gain of 6.6 percent, while those of the House of Representatives forthwith to American make sub-compacts have grown "full authority with respect to ... determin­ initiate impeachment proceedings against ing whether or not to contest the assertion from 0 to 9.6 percent in only three years. him. It is unlikely that the increasing prices of 'executive privilege' or any other testi­ of new cars has been a major factor in en­ They also asked that Congress hold monial privilege. . . . The attorney general couraging car buyers to shift to less expen­ wlll not countermand or interfere with the up the consideration of Representative special prosecutor's decisions or actions . . . sive models. New car prices have risen more GERALD FORD for Vice President: slowly than those of the cost of living. The special prosecutor will not be removed Clearly, a President who has placed him­ from his duties except for extraordinary im­ CAR PRICE INCREASES COMPARED WITH COST OF LIVING self on the brink of impeachment should not proprieties on his part." INCREASES be allowed to name his successor until the The special prosecutor's decision to press charges against him have been disposed of forward on the legal !front to obtain the Pres­ satisfactorily. ident's tapes hardly constitutes an "extraor­ Percent change from previous year dinary impropriety." On the contrary, it con­ I insert the full text of the AFL-CIO stitutes the fulfillment of his mandate to All items 1 Cars 2 statement for the benefit of my col­ "review all documentary evidence available leagues: from any source, as to which he shall have full access." 1967------3.0 2.2 STATEMENT BY THE AFL-CIO ExECUTIVE CoUN­ 1968_------4. 7 3.63 CIL ON PRESIDENT NIXON TO THE 10TH Sim.Uarly, the refusal of Attorney General 1969_------6.1 1.83 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, BAL HARBOUR, Richardson to fire Cox was in accordance 5. 5 3. 51 1970_------FLA., 0COBER 22, 1973 with the understanding between him and 1971_------3.4 5.90 3.4 2.62 the special prosecutor, which understanding 1972_ ------.------The Constitutional crisis that began with . was also at the basts of the Senate's confir­ what the White House once described as a mation of Mr. Richardson as Attorney t Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, reported in the Economic "third-rate burglary" has now been brought General. to a head by the absolutely unprecedented Re,PA:;\g~~~rv:r~~~:~i~~~!c~A~~~3o, 1973, p. 78. Mr. Nixon's determination to prevent ju­ and shocking actions of President Nixon dicial examination of his tapes, no matter In fact, in real terms, the percentage of within the last 48 hours. what the cost to our constitutional system, the family income spent on automobile pur­ can only further erode publlc confidence in chases is declining. In 1950 a new car repre­ • Source: 1972 Automobile Facts and Fig­ him. When the President appears fearful or sented 62 percent of the average family in- ures, page 41. facing a Supreme Court composed in large October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34983 measure of his own appointees, the public democracy and our constitutional tradition tribute to a friend and outstanding can scarcely resist the darkest speculations. of balanced and llm1ted power are in mortal journali&t. We believe that the American people have danger as of this hour." had enough. More than enough. Former Vice President Humphrey, after re­ We therefore call upon Richard Nixon, viewing the recent actions of the President, WHO IS AT FAULT President of the United States, to resign. asserted that "this pattern of behavior of we ask him to resign in the interest of exercising unrestrained power 1s dangerous; preserving our democratic system of govern­ it is dictatorial; it is unacceptable for a free HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ment, which requires a relationship of trust people." OP ILLINOIS and candor between the people and their po­ The Minnesota Democrat who ran against litical leaders. Mr. Nixon in 1968, called on Congress and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We ask him to resign in the interest of re­ the judiciary to "act responsibly" to resolve Wednesday, October 24, 1973 storing a fully functioning government, the crisis of the Presidency. which his Administration is too deeply in He said that a new special prosecutor Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is disarray to provide. should be appointed either by Federal Judge very easy to blame all problems, real and We ask him to resign in the interest of na­ John J. Sirica or by a special act of Congress imaginary, on others. We in public serv­ tional security. and that the prosecutor should be given !of Mr. Nixon does not resign, we call upon full access to evidence and all independent ice recognize thaJt while we deserve criti­ the House of Representatives forthwith to powers to carry forth the Watergate case. cism for many of the problems that gov­ initiate impeachment proceedings against "It is essential that this new inquiry be ernment has failed to solve, we are often him. beyond the political reach of the President," criticized for events over which we have We also call upon the Congress to hold up Mr. Humphrey said. little or any control. further consideration of the President's Vice He also urged "appropriate committees" of Harry "Scoop'' Sklenar is a veteran President-designate, Mr. Ford. Clearly, a Congress to hold hearings quickly on im­ journalist and editor of the Des Plaines President who has placed himself on the peachment motions filed by members of the brink of impeachment should not be allowed Valley News, serving a number of con­ House of Representatives. However, Senator stituents in my congressional district. to name his successor until the charges Humphrey did not urge impeachment him­ against him have been disposed of satisfac­ self, explaining that as a Senator he would His column of Thursday, October 18, is torily. have to sit as judge or jury, if the House a truly penetrating, philosophical com­ We concur completely with Archibald Cox, voted impeachment and that he did not want mentary which I am pleased to insert who said at the time of his dismissal: to "prejudge this case." into the RECORD: "Whether we shall continue to be a govern­ ment of laws and not of men is now for Con­ UNION ISSUES FADE WHO Is AT FAULT gress and ultimately the American people to This tenth biennial convention of the (By Harry Sklenar) decide." A.F.L.-C.I.O. was dominated by the Presiden­ It was said that Diogenes spent a lifetime Impeachment is not a prospect we con­ tial crisis to the extent that trade union wl'th a lantern seeking an honest man and template with pleasure. No decent American issues faded almost into the background, at failed. And a great Teacher told a crowd, can derive any partisan satisfaction whatever least on the floor of the meeting itself. "Whom among you without sin shall cast from the misfortune of his nation. And sure­ The only other major issue on the floor the first stone?" and none complied. ly the American labor movement is not in­ during this final day of the convention was Perhaps Diogenes looked only in the high terested in aiding any reckless attacks on the Middle East. It was not a controversial eleotlve offices of the land, judging from re­ the Presidency. We are especially concerned issue. cent disclosures of a top judge being termed about the office of the Presidency in these The convention voted unanimously (or a guilty of accepting mcing stock at below times of grave danger on the international resolution condemning what it said was Arab cost for allegedly securing favorable mcing front. aggression against Israel, praising Israel's dates, reading that a U.S. Vice President But the cause of peace and freedom in the free democratic society and called on the pleaded no contest to charges of income tax world cannot be served by a discredited Pres­ United States Government to carry out a evasion, and those Chicago policemen and idency at home. Our allies' best hope--man­ "massive airlift" of all equipment and sup­ their superior who were found guilty of kind's best hope--lies in the strength of our plies needed by Israel to replace her losses. gathering regular pay-offs from tavern own­ democratic institutions. The convention also passed a resolution ers. Justice must be done, the risks of not do­ condemning the "violence" and "suppres­ Note, it takes two persons to complete ing it being more than a democracy can sion" of the mllltary junta in Chile and asked a dishonest deal; one, the person making the safely bear. the United States Government to take dip­ offer, and another, the person accepting. Why lomatic measures to speed the re-establish­ is it so seldom that the person making the LABOR DELEGATES ARE NOT SATISFIED--CONSTI­ ment of civilian rule and full political and offer is given some form of punishment? TUTIONAL CRISIS CALLED UNRESOLVED BY trade union rights in that South American Perhaps we are all at fault for maintaJning NIXON MOVE country. a society in which such acts are tolerated, (By Ph111p Shabecoff) becoming more acceptable rather than the BAL HARBOUR, FLA., Oct. 23.-Delegates to exception to the point of having a relative the A.F L.-c.I.O. convention here, who voted DISTINGUISHED NEWSPAPERMAN add a device to a model car a youngster had yesterday to ask President Nixon to resign, ~ B. STREET PASSES allegedly constructed to assure victory. were startled but not satisfied today when Thus rather than cast a cynical eye on they learned that the President had decided those holding political office and stating the to surrender the Watergate tape recordings HON. DAN KUYKENDALL system is rotten, remember it was you and to a Federal judge. OF TENNESSEE I who make it so. We nominate the office The news broke just after the convention IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES holders, then endeavor to blemish their char­ adjourned, and George Meany, president of acters With wild accusations unrelated to the American Federation of Labor and Con­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 their ablllty, then discover that few persons gress of Industrial Organizations, said he Mr. KUYKENDALL. Mr. Speaker, it is of high moral character and caUber care to would have no comment for the time being. even make a campaign try. my sad task at this time to announce to Currently, the llllnols state legislature 1s But other delegates said that they felt the my President's reversal had not resolved the con­ colleagues, and particularly to those to consider a stronger ethics blll, yet the stitutional crisis and raised still more ques­ from the Mid-South area, that we have Governor, while backing the blll, is refusing tions about the President's stablllty. Jerry lost a friend and a distinguished news­ to disclose the names of his own campaign Wurf, President of the American Federation paperman. I have just been informed of contributors. of State, County and Municipal Employes, the death, this morning, of William B. During the last decade, our character and called the President's action one more lllus­ Street, the political editor of the Mem­ moral principles dropped considerably. To­ tration of the frightening irresponsibllity of day, we have states adding revenue from phis Commercial Appeal. running lotteries with a portion of such this man." Those of us in public life who knew revenue going to schools, then holding that Mr. Wurf said that he took some comfort Bill Street can testify that honesty and gambling is wrong. Besides the gambling from the fact that the President had ob­ issue, we have the U.S. Supreme Court ruling viously seen that the American people "would fair play in journalism has lost one of its most devoted advocates. I think it fit­ on obscenity issues. not sit stlll for the kind of games he was How many blemishes do you have on your playing." But the union leader added that ting, and the way he would have wanted character? Why not just take a casual ob­ the President must resign or be impeached. it, that he died at his typewriter in the servation on how many times you wished to ADDRESS BY HUMPHREY Commercial Appeal newsroom, of a hand a policeman some money for not writ­ Earlier, in an address to the convention, heart attack. ing that arrest ticket, or buying a magazine Senator ·Hubert H. HUIIlphrey accused Presi- I will ask for a special order in the or book purely because it exhibits nude dent Nixon of being a "man obsessed with House nex·t Tuesday, and invite those photos, or by attending films of that nature? power" and warned that "our existence as a Members who knew him to join me in a To what extent have you added to the sales 34984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 volume of cigarettes when printed warnings MP are much higher than those of the aver­ our rehab111tation program," Ramsey said. advise you desist? Cigarette sales have been age soldier." "They get humane motivational training and on the increase despite those warnings of be­ Today's MP, he said, spends as much or are kept up to date in basic combat tech­ ing detrimental to your health. more time trying to keep soldiers out of niques. If they don't make progress we dis­ While seeking to curtail the selling and trouble a.s he does dealing after the fact with charge them after their sentence is up. But. smoking of cigarettes on one hand, we at­ flagrant lawbreakers or troublemakers. The we have had a high degree of success With tempt to legalize the smoking of marijuana emphasis is on choosing MP recruits who are this effort." on the other. We jail persons for race horse sensitive to soldiers• problems. Before the job was turned over to the De­ betting outside of the track and hold it is Both in military police school, which is not fense Supply Agency in July, Ramsey's office­ perfectly legal for betting inside. under Ramsey's command, and throughout provided physical security advice to vital de­ We learn that TV exhibitors hold that the Corps worldwide, heavy emphasis 1s fense industries, and such surveys, he said, portrayals of violence and crimlnal methods placed upon human relations training and "kept me on the road a lot." have no effect on children, yet use this same the application of psychological principles Maintaining security of arms rooms and media to aid children to iearn to read and rather than force where possible in achieving other Army supply fac111ties remains a dif­ use television in schools to aid in the child's Corps goals. ficult problem. Ramsey said. He added, "We learning process. Ramsey said that in his three years as are always studying the newest types of lock­ It is strange that mankind has survived Provost Marshal General he has "tried to ing and intrusion detection devices. this long without introducing sex lessons at get out in the field as much as possible be­ Army deserters have a tougher time stay­ the grade school level, or taking surveys on cause that's where you find out what the ing out of Ft. Leavenworth these days. A data bedtime practices. problems are." file on deserters and absentees is maintained If we take to blaming politicians for the VISITS WITH A PURPOSE at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind., and linked to­ state of evil, society or the system, remem­ He said, "These aren't inspection trips. the FBI's National Crime Information Cen­ ber it is just the mass of individuals such a.s They are trips I take to find out how we at ter. "A man now can be picked up for a traffic you and I which make up society and formu­ the headquarters level can assist our people violation somewhere and turn up as a de­ late that system. serter when they run it through the NCIC." This means that each of us is responsible in the field to do a better job. Ramsey said. to stop these evil practices simply because "We found, for example, that the vehicles Ramsey, 55, saw extensive combat during "everyone else is doing it." Look at your own the MPs were using were in terrible shape. World War II, received multiple wounds, was conscience and let that be your guide. "Now we have what we call a law enforce­ awarded the Distinguished Service Medal and ment sedan going out to field installations. many other citations and decorations, and It has a bigger motor to support power de­ rose to infantry regiment and division sta1f mands of more sophisticated communica­ posts. During 1969, he commanded the 23rd tions equipment, the siren, lights and so on. PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL Infantry Division in Vietnam. It has heavier upholstery because MPs con­ The word "leadership" crops up frequently RAMSEY tinually have to get in and out of a vehicle when Ramsey is talking. He considers vigor and this is hard on the upholstery. And there and the ab1llty to communicate two of the are other features that will give MPs more more important attributes of a good leader. HON. TIM LEE CARTER maneuverability." A former athlete, he himself remains vigor­ OF KENTUCKY Among other activities or proposed changes ous by working out in the gym regularly and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prompted by the field visits: playing badminton and golf. And his visits. "A study is now under way of our entire to the field help keep COitlinunications lines Wednesday, October 24, 1973 communications system-what types of ra­ open. dios l>hould be installed 1n which of our cars, "If a young man gets good leadership," Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, it is in­ for example?" deed a pleasure to share with the Mem­ Ramsey said, "he is going to be a good soldier. The MPs uniform is being studied with an It is as simple as that." bers of this body an impressive mono­ eye to making it more functional-"the dress graph on Provost Marshal General Ram­ uniform now is simply too restricting con­ sey, which appeared recently in the Gov­ sidering the vigorous activities MPs some­ ernment Executive. times have to engage in. Also I think we're Gen. Lloyd B. Ramsey is originally going to go to a badge instead of the tradi­ ROBISON CALLS FOR INDEPENDENT from my congressional district and I am tional arm brassard." "SPECIAL PROSECUTOR" The Corps, which is responsible for investi­ proud to say has had an outstanding and gating misdemeanors but not felony crimes, distinguished career as a true leader. has established a job slot for a "mllltary po­ HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON The article follows: llee investigator" (MPI). OF NEW YORK PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL RAMSEY "Their big job is crime prevention." Ram­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ernie Pyle, the late famed war correspond­ sey said, "and they've done a tremendous job. ent, once had this to say about the callber of We put them in civilian clothes or uniforms Wednesday, October 24, 1973 troops in the U.S. Army's Milltary Police of some other branch if necessary. The MPis broke up a mugging operation near one post Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. Corps during World War II: Speaker, upon hearing that President "The Mllltary Pollee haven't the taint to theater. Another time, they shut down a them that they did in the last war. This time, house of prostitution being run by a service Nixon agreed, this afternoon, to tum they're a specially picked, highly trained per­ club." the White House tapes over to Judge manent organization. The Military Pollee Corps 1s considering Sh:ica in compliance with the court of "From the MPs I saw, judging by their de­ replacing its combat .45-callber pistol with appeals affirmative decision, one of my the .38 used by most civillan pollee which House colleagues said, "Whew, what a meanor and their conduct, I belleve that, next is less lethal in crowd situations and easier to Rangers and Paratroopers, they really are to handle. helluva high-wire act." the pick of the Army." Ramsey noted that m111tary crime rates My own reaction is somewhat com­ While many veterans of World War II and often rise and fall in patterns similar to parable for, though I have been caution­ subsequent wars can attest to the effective­ ing both my constituents and myself to ness of the Military Pollee Corps in maintain­ those of the civ111an population. During the ing troop discipline and promoting law and past fiscal year, he said, Army crime rates cool it insofar as early tendencies to order within the Army, few ex-soldiers are have been on a downward trend, except for conclude that the President, by his ac­ likely to recall that their infrequent dealings marijuana use offenses which have increased. tions last weekend, had ''put himself The office of Provost Marshal General also above the law" and was moving-in the With MPs were noticeably friendly. has responsibility for correction, custody, But then breaking up saloon brawls involv­ and rehabilitation of military prisoners, words of the Waldie impeachment reso­ ing drunken Gis, bawling out mllltary drivers physical security of installations, traffic con­ lution as introduced in the House to­ who are causing traffic jams, col]J3.r1ng troops trol involving m1lltary operations, handling day-"knowingly and wilfully to obstruct who are absent without leave, and thwarting of prisoners of war and civilian internees justice" were concerned, it was obvious supply thieves (with which any army during wartime, apprehension of absentees abounds) hardly are activities designed to all along that the President had pre­ enhance the MPs' popularity. and civil disturbance and disaster control. cipitated one of the most serious consti­ The role of MPs vis-a.-vis the rest of the Some 1100 longterm mllita.ry prisoners are tutional crises ever to plague and divide held in the Army's disciplinary barracks at this Nation. Army, however, has bee.n changing in recent Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. About 1000 prisoners years, according to Maj. Gen. Lloyd B. Ram­ given sentences of six months or less are now It will be difficult, now, to put back sey, whose command includes the Military with the Army's Retraining Brigade at Ft. the pieces. Not all of them probably can Police Corps. Riley, Kan., where, hopefully, they will be re­ be put back. Two of the brighter stars "We've increasingly emphasized the train­ habilitated and later returned to duty. in the Nixon administration..._Elliot ing of the MP to be a friend of the soldier," "The latest psychological, sociological, edu­ Richardson and William Ruckelshaus­ Ramsey said, "and standards for becoming an cational and vocational ideas are applied in have left their posts and, at the moment October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34985 .at least, we are without a special prose­ that route, along with legislation recre­ journalism against which one of its own cutor to carry on the Watergate investi­ ating the independent special prosecu­ most distinguished spokesmen, Walter gation with some assurance that, in the tor post, it is clear that the President Cronkite, warned here in Washington end, the full truth about Watergate has not-as some have charged-put the only last week. would come out. executive branch above the other two As to the latter problem, Congress branches of our Federal Government, should probably move now to do what nor could he do so if we are serious about it might better have done in the begin­ pressing these matters. MENACE OF MULTINATIONAL ning-that is, to establish, through legis­ Further, in the President's behalf, it CORPORATIONS lation, an independent special prosecu­ needs to be suggested, at least, that he tor for the purpose of completing the felt his proposed compromise was with­ HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Watergate investigation who would not, in the spirit, if not the letter, of the then, be answerable, as was Archibald original Sirica decision as somewhat OF PENNSYLVANIA Cox, to the executive branch. It is largely modified by the court of appeals. In my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hindsight, but it has seemed to me to own judgment, this would have been ob­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 have been an anomalous situation in vious to all if, at the time of advancing Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, there is in­ which we placed Mr. Cox-that is, to that compromise, Mr. Nixon had also creasing concern over what effect the charge him, as an employee of the execu­ filed a timely appeal to the Supreme growth of American multinational cor­ tive branch-and, clearly, subject to re­ Court from the court of appeals deci­ porations have on the American worker moval from office by the President-to sion. I cannot imagine that he did not and the economy of the United States. investigate that same executive branch get such advice for it would not only have Presently, there are hearings being con­ all the way up to its top. From the be­ been a necessary and proper legal move, ducted in the U.S. Senate on this very ginning, this put the President and Mr. but would also have avoided giving the question. Cox in an awkward situation-an ad­ appearance-with his compromise being I deem it appropriate, therefore, to in­ versary situation-in which a confron­ considered as the judicial process moved sert into the RECORD for the considera­ tation like that which has now occurred on-of having put himself, on a take-it­ tion of my colleagues a resolution adopted was probably inevitable. or-leave-it basis, "above the law." by the 38th UE International Conven­ I have no way of knowing if Mr. Cox Though this is water-over-the-dam, if tion. The resolution appeared in the Oc­ would resume his investigatory work into such a course had been followed, I doubt tober 8 issue of the UE News. Watergate should Congress now so re­ that Mr. Cox would have felt is necessary The resolution follows: establish the special prosecutor post but to balk as he did, with his resulting dis­ MENACE OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS that is at least a possibility. The chances missal followed by the Richardson A resolution on "The Menace of the Multi- of bringing either Mr. Richardson or Mr. resignation and the Ruckelshaus dismis­ national Corporations" adopted by the 38th Ruckelshaus back into Federal service sal. UE International Convention pointed out are probably more remote, but they will What all this points up once again, I that these corporations now hold nearly $300 be missed. feel, is that, despite the personnel billion in cash reserves, more than twice as Looking back, I believe a number of changes that have been made in upper much as held by all central banks and mone­ things need to be said in behalf of the White House staff echelons, the Presi­ tary institutions. President. There are those, of course, dent still remains too isolated both from This huge financial power is used to dic­ tate policy to governments, menace workers who will give Mr. Nixon no quarter. To public opinion and from those who, at and even the independence of nations. them-and this includes a number of my least on occasion, could give him wise One million American jobs were lost within constituents who have contacted me over political advice. five years as these corporations moved opera­ the weekend-the only reason the Presi­ In summary, the President sought to tions to cheap wage areas outside the U.S. dent did not earlier release the disputed do what he thought was right but, in the The electronics industry was one specifically tapes was because they must have been manner chosen, botched the doing of it. mentioned by the U.S. Tarl.tr Comm.1ssion as dangerously self-incriminating. As to With gratification and relief, I welcome the center of such expansion away from the that, we shall soon now see. But my ear­ the corrections in position be made to­ United States. The convention resolution emphasizes that lier response was, if the tapes would day. the interests of working people in foreign have so incriminated the President why, One final word about that question of countries and those in the United States "can then, did he agree to let Senator STEN­ impeachment: With alarm, did I note only be advanced by organizing and standing NIS hear them in their entirety? In point how readily that word sprang to so many up to these Multi national corporations to­ of fact, I now repeat what I also said, lips-with scarcely a thought to the ac­ gether." Such solidarity would help stop the earlier in the weekend, to the effect that tual consequences, or to what such a attempts of the corporations to pit workers I felt the so-called Stennis compromise traumatic experience, long-drawn out as of one country against those of another "hammering down their standards of living was not all that bad if what we really it would be, would also be for a Nation and. conditions of work." wanted to know from the tapes was the already beset by so many serious prob­ The resolution calls for the UE to estab­ depth, if any, of Presidential involve­ lems and challenges both at home and lish contact with foreign unions "in line with ment in either organizing Watergate or abroad. I do not question the motives of its policy of no discrimination as to ideology, directing its subsequent attempted cov­ those of my colleagues who have led to­ in order to determine what cooperative steps erup. If the major question was over day's impeachment drive, but it should must be taken to curb the power of the whether Judge Sirica or Senator STEN­ be clear to all objective observers that, multi national corporations.... NIS should hear the tapes, it was not on with the Vice Presidency now vacant, That UE together with foreign unions en­ courage and assist the organiza.tion of unions that ground, alone, that the President something like a political coup d'etat was where employees of such corporations are could be found to have moved "to ob­ being initiated and organized in an ef­ presently organized. struct justice." fort to overturn the mandate given by That UE fight the propaganda of those cor­ Of more serious import, here, is the the electorate last fall which, if not given porations which try to represent themselves question-still unresolved-of the Presi­ Mr. Nixon personally, was given in sup­ as benevolent promoters of world peace and dent's meaning in, at the same time, de­ port of the political philosophy he was prosperity. nying Mr. Cox access to other White thought to generally espouse. That the UE support legislation designed The President is not out of the Water­ to curb the power of the multi-national cor­ House documents and material that porations, such as the folloWing provisions of might be pertinent to the Watergate in­ gate woods yet-perhaps he never will the Burke-Hartke blll: quiry. Perhaps Mr. Nixon will also back­ be. But, if consideration must again be "(a) Compelling U.S. companies to pay track now on this issue, as I think he given to his impeachment on whatever U.S. income taxes on foreign profits whether should, though another way around that grounds, let it be done only after the or not the profits are returned to the U.S. "(b) Repealing the U.S. tax credit allowed impasse - if it persists - would be most mature and deliberative of thought companies on foreign taxes. through passage of the kind of law Prof. on all our parts including that of the "(c) Preventing the use of accelerated de­ Alexander Bickel, of Yale, has suggested news media, large portions of which­ preciation for overseas equipment. giving the Federal courts jurisdiction to over these past few days-came close to " (d) Taxing the transfer of patents to over­ enforce congressional subpenas. If we go succumbing to that kind of advocacy seas plants. 34986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 24, 1973 " (e) Empowering the President to ban the to six times a year, and members must spend a joint committee, a committee, at least transfer overseas of capital and technology. much time between meetings on the council's 3 Senators or 12 Representatives, to ren­ "(f) Repealing the sections of the tariff business. der a legal opinion on questions arising code that provide an incentive for U.S. manu­ Mr. Sinatra accepted appointment to the facturers to ship components across the bor­ council but did not attend even part of the under the Constitution and laws of the der to low wage nations for assembling and four council meetings held since then (15 United States. These questions would other production. to 17 March, 29 and 30 March, 13 to 15 June, include whether: "(g) Compelling officials of U.S. interna­ and 17 and 18 September), nor did he con­ A request for information or inspec­ tional corporations employed abroad to pay tribute to the council's work between meet­ tion of records under the Freedom of U.S. income taxes on their earnings abroad. ings. Since his term has now expired, why Information Act was properly denied by "(h) Repealing the overseas Private Invest­ bring the matter to public attention? Simply an agency of the U.S. Government; ment Corporation which insures multina­ in the hope that the public may ask the A nomination, or an agreement with tionals against the loss of the foreign invest­ secretary of HEW that there be no more ments." honorary or courtesy appointments to work­ a foreign country or regional or inter­ Finally, the resolution states: "At all times, ing councils whose responsibilities require national organization, should have been the UE should take the position that inter­ the dedicated efforts of all its members. submitted to the Senate for its advice national organization of the workers them­ Surely the government can find ways to and consent; selves, not legislation, is the only effective honor those whose special talents or contri­ An activity has been undertaken or way to deal with the multi-national corpo­ butions deserve recognition without lessen­ continued, or not undertaken or con­ rations." ing the effectiveness and prestige of its tinued, by the executive branch of the working councils. U.S. Government in violation of the law JULIUS H. COMROE, JR. NO MORE HONORARY OR COURTESY or the Constitution or without any re­ APPOINTMENTS TO ADVISORY quired authorization of law; and COMMITTEES OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LEGAL Funds appropriated by Congress have COUNSEL NEEDED TO CHALLENGE been impounded in accordance with law. ILLEGAL EXECUTIVE ACTIONS Second, he would be required, upon HON. DAVID R. OBEY requests from any of the same types OF WISCONSIN of parties above, to advise and cooper- · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. BELLA S. ABZUG ate with other private parties bringing OF NEW YORK civil actions against officers and em­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ployees of the executive branch, or any Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, a letter in the Wednesday, October 24, 1973 agency or department thereof, regarding October 19 issue of Science notes that their execution of the laws and Con­ Frank Sinatra accepted appointment to Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, over the stitution. the National Advisory Heart and Lung past several years we have witnessed an Third, he would be required, upon a Council to fill a 1-year unexpired term, escalating succession of illegal actions on similar request, to intervene or appear then did not attend council meetings or the part of the executive branch-actions as amicus curiae in pending actions in contribute to the council's work between flaunting the laws of the United States, Federal or State courts in which the is­ meetings. the will of the Congress, and most im­ sue is the constitutionality or interpreta­ The letter-writer, Julius H. Comroe, portantly the trust of the American tion of a law of the United States, or the Jr., of the Cardiovascular Research In­ people. validity of any official proceeding of or stitute, School of Medicine, University The President's firing of Special Prose­ official action taken by either House of of California at San Francisco, explains cutor Archibald Cox, in violation of a Congress, joint committees, committees that he is bringing the matter to public solemn agreement between the Attorney or members, or any officer or employee attention, now that Mr. Sinatra's term General and the Senate, is merely the of the Congress. has expired, for this reason: most recent of these arbitrary and illegal Fourth, upon request, he would be re­ Simply in the hope that the public may acts. Mr. Nixon's seizing of evidence, quired to represent either House, a joint ask the secretary of H.E.W. that there be no material to the investigation of the Fed­ committee, committee, Member or em­ more honorary or courtesy appointments to eral grand jury, his violation of the first ployee of Congress in any legal action working councils whose responsibilities re­ and fourth amendment rights of U.S. pending to which such House, committee, quire the dedicated efforts of all its members. citizens by sanctioning an elaborate or employee is a party, and in which I think that his point is a good one, series of wiretaps, burglaries, and espio­ there is placed in issue the validity of and I ask that his letter be printed in nage, his interference with the judicial any official proceeding of, or official ac­ full. branch during the Ellsberg-Russo trial, tion taken by, such House, committee, The letter follows: his illegal use of campaign funds to in­ member, or employee. CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH INSTI­ sure his reelection, his impounding of Fifth, and most importantly, if the TUTE, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNI­ more than $40 billion in funds for do­ Congressional Legal Counsel has ren­ VERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, mestic programs, and his authorization dered a legal opinion, and if requested by San Francisoo, Calif. of secret bombing in Cambodia represent either House, a joint committee, a com­ APPOINTMENTS TO WORKING GOVERNMENT some of the President's illegal actions mittee, at least 6 Senators or at least COUNCILS during the past year. 24 Representatives, he would be required In December 1972, Frank Sinatra was ap­ Today I have introduced legislation "to bring a civil action, without regard pointed a member of the National Advisory that would enable Members of both to the sum or value of the matter in Heart and Lung Council, to fill a 1-year un­ Houses of Congress as elective officials controversy, in a court of the United expired term. This council, by law, consists of 5 ex officio members and 18 members ap­ to challenge illegal executive actions in States to require an officer or employee pointed by the secretary of the Department the courts through the mechanism of of the executive branch of the U.S. Gov­ of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). Congressional Legal Counsel. This bill, ernment, or any agency or department The National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung and establishing an Office of Congressional thereof, to act in accordance with the Blood Act of 1972 states that 5 of the 18 Legal Counsel, is similar to legislation in­ Constitution and laws of the United "shall be selected from members of the gen­ troduced by Mr. MoNDALE in the other States as interpreted in such opinion." eral public who are leaders in the fields of body. The Congressional Legal Counsel, fundamental or medical sciences or in public The head of the Office of Congressional therefore, would be empowered to under­ affairs." Neither I nor any other council member questions the principle of appoint­ Legal Counsel would be appointed by the take a wide variety of activity, including ing nonscientists to the council, or the wis­ Speaker of the House and the President representing the Congress and individual dom shown by the secretary of HEW in the pro tempore of the Senate, from among Members both as plaintiffs and defend­ appointment of any individual. However, the names submitted by the majority and ants. scientists on the council do have a right to minority leaders of the House and Sen­ Most importantly, the bill would pro­ expect full participation of all members in vide the Congress with an effective legal the heavy work load of the council, and to ate. Duties of the Counsel would include expect that the nonscientists will bring new a variety of informational and represen­ voice in combating illegal executive concepts and fresh points of view to the tational activities. branch actions such as impoundment, council's discussions-and express these First, he-or she-would be required, overly broad claims of Executive priv­ effectively. The council must meet from four upon request of either House of Congress, Iege, failure to submit nominations to the October 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34987 Senate for confirmation, and other simi­ (c) The Congressional Legal Counsel shall Congress, a joint committee of Congress, any lar abuses. promulgate for his office such rules and reg­ commLttee of either House of Congress, at ulations as may be necessary to carry out least six Senators, or at least twenty-four The statute would confer broad stand­ the duties imposed upon him by this Act. Members of the House of Representatives, to ing on the Office of Congressional Coun­ He may delegate authority for the perform­ bring civil actions, without regard to the sum sel in its representational activity, so as ance of any such duty to any officer or em­ or value of the matter in controversy, in a to at!ord the Congress with wide-ranging ployee of the Office of the Congressional court of the United States to require an authority in challenging executive Legal Counsel. No person serving as an of­ officer or employee of the executive branch branch action in the courts. ficer or employee of such office may engage of the United States Government, or any Just as the Office of Legislative Coun­ in any other business, vocation, or em­ agency or department thereof, to act in ac­ sel has, over the years, aided Members ployment while so serving. cordance with the Constitution and laws of of the House and Senate in developing (d) The Congressional Legal Counsel shall the United States as interpreted in such cause a seal of office to be made for his of­ opinion. important legislation, so should an Office fice. of such design as the Speaker of the (b) Upon receipt of written notice from of Congressional Legal Counsel aid us in House of Representatives and the President the Congressional Legal Counsel to the ef­ reasserting the power which we need to pro tempore of the Senate shall approve, fect that he has undertaken, pursuant to insure that this legislative function is and judicial notice shall be taken thereof. subsection (a) (3) of this section, to perform carried out by an often balky executive SEc. 3. (a) It shall be the duty of the Con­ any such specified representational service branch. gressional Legal Counsel- with respect to any designated action or pro­ Mr. Speaker, I insert the text of the ( I) to render, upon request of either ceeding pending or to be instituted, the At­ House of Congress, a joint committee of Con­ torney General shall be relieved of responsi­ bill I have introduced at this point in the gress, any committee of either House of bility and shall have no authority to perform RECORD: Congress, at least three Senators, or twelve such service in such action or proceeding ex­ H.R.- Members of the House of Representatives, cept at the request or with the approval of A blli establishing an Office of Congressional legal opinions upon questions arising under the Congressional Legal Counsel. Legal Counsel the Constitution and laws of the United SEc. 4. (a) Permission to intervene or to Be it enacted by the Senate and House of States, including but not limited to, file a brief amicus curiae under section 3 (a) Representatives of the United States of whether- (2) (B) of this Act shall be of right, and may America in Congress assembled, That, for ( A) a request for information or inspec­ be denied by a court only upon an express purposes of this Act- tion of a record or other matter under sec­ finding that such intervention or filing is un­ (1) "Member of Congress" means a Sen­ tion 552 of title 5, United States Code. was timely and would significantly delay the ator, Representative, Delegate, or Resident properly denied by an agency of the United pending action. Commissioner; States Government; (b) Where an actual case or controversy (2) "Member of the House of Represent­ (B) a nomination, or an agreement with exists, persons making requests under sec­ atives" includes a Representative, Delegate, a foreign country or regional or international tion 3(a) (4) of this Act shall have the right or Resident Commissioner; organization, should have been submitted to to obtain judicial review of the conduct in (3) "State" includes any territory or pos­ the Senate for its advice and consent; question without regard to the requirements session of the United States; and (C) an activity has been undertaken or for standing as set forth in any statutes, (4) "im:t>ounding of budget authority" continued, or not undertaken or continued, rules, or other requirement of standing. includes- by the executive branch of the United States (c) For the purpose of all proceedings in­ ( A) withholding, delaying, deferring, freez­ Government in violation of the law or the cident to the trial and review of any action ing, or otherwise refusing to expend any part Constitution or without any required au­ described by subsection (a) (3) of section 3 of budget authority made available (whether thorization of law; with respect to which the Congressional by establishing reserves or otherwise) and (D) a budget authority has been im­ Legal Counsel has undertaken to provide the termination or cancellation of authorized pounded in accordance with law; representational service, and has so notified projects or activities to the extent that (2) upon the request of either House of the Attorney General, the Congressional budget authority has been made available; Congress, a joint committee of Congress, any Legal Counsel shall have all powers conferred (B) withholding, delaying, deferring, committee of either House of Congress, at by law upon the Attorney General, any sub­ least three Senators, or at least twelve Mem­ ordinate of the Attorney General, or any freezing, or otherwise refusing to make any United States attorney. allocation of any part of budget authority bers of the House of Representatives- (A) to advise and to consult and cooperate (d) The Congressional Legal Counsel, or (where such allocation is required in order any attorney of his office designated by him to permit the budget authority to be ex­ with parties bringing civil actions against of­ ficers and employees of the executive branch for that purpose, shall be entitled for the pended or obligated); purpose of performing duties imposed upon (C) withholding, delaying, deferring, of the United States Government or any agency or department thereof, with respect him pursuant to this Act to enter an appear­ freezing, or otherwise refusing to permit ance in any such proceeding before any court a grantee to obligate any part of budget au­ to their execution of the laws, and the Con­ stitution of the United States; and of the United States without compliance with thority (whether by establishing contract any requirement for admission to practice controls, reserves, or otherwise); and (B) to intervene or appear as amicus curiae on behalf of persons making such request in before such court, except that the authoriza­ (D) any type of Executive action or inac­ tion conferred by this subsection shall not tion which effectively precludes or delays any action pending in any court of the United States or of a State or political sub­ apply with respect to the admission of any the obligation or expenditure of any part person to practice before the United States of authorized budget authority. division thereof, in which there is placed in issue the constitutionality or interpretation Supreme Court. SEc. 2. (a) There is established within the SEc. 5. All legal opinions rendered by the Congress the Office of Congressional Legal of any law of the United States, or the valid­ Congressional Legal Counsel under section Counsel, which shall be under the direc­ ity of any law of the United States, or the validity of any official proceeding of, or official 3 (a) ( 1) of this Act shall be published and tion and control of the Congressional Legal made available for public inspection under· Counsel. The Congressional Legal Counsel action taken by, either House of Congress, a joint committee of Congress, any committee such rules and regulations as the Congres­ shall be appointed by the Speaker of the sional Legal Counsel shall promulgate. House of Representatives and the President of either House of Congress, or a Member of SEc. 6. (a) Section 3210 of title 39, United pro tempore of the Senate from among rec­ Congress, or any officer, employee, office, or States Code, is amended- ommendations submitted by the majority agency of the Congress; (1) by inserting immediately after "re­ and minority leaders of the House of Rep­ (3) to represent, upon request, either spective terms of office" the following: "the resentatives and the Senate. Such appoint­ House of Congress, a joint committee of Con­ Congressional Legal Counsel,"; and ment shall be made without regard to po­ gress, any committee of either House of Con­ gress, a Member of Congress, or any officer, (2) ·by inserting immediately before "or litical affiliation and solely on the basis of Legislative Counsel" the following: "Con­ his fitness to perform the duties of his employee, office, or agency of the Congress in gressional Legal Counsel," office. The Congressional Legal Counsel shall any legal action pending in any court of the (b) Section 3216(a) of such title is amend­ receive basic pay at the rate provided for United States or of a State or political sub­ division thereof to which such House, joint ed by inserting immediately before "and level III of the Executive Schedule under committee, committee member, officer, em­ Legislative Counsel" the following: "Con- section 5314 of title 5, United States Code. ployee, office; or agency is a party and in gressional Legal Counsel,". . (b) The Congressional Legal Counsel may which there is placed in issue the validity of SEc. 7. There are authorized to be ap­ appoint and fix the compensation of such any official proceeding of, or official action propriated to the Office of the Congressional Assistant Legal Counsels and other per­ taken by, sucli House, joint committee, com­ Legal Counsel such sums as may be necessary sonnel as may be necessary to carry on the mittee member, officer, employee, office, or for the performance of the duties of the work of his office. All such appointments agency; and Congressional Legal Counsel under this Act. shall be made without regard to polltical ( 4) if an opinion has been rendered in ac­ Amounts so appropriated shall be disbursed affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness cordance with subparagraph (1) of this by the Secretary of the Senate on vouchers to perform the duties of their office. section, and upon request of either House of approved by the Congressional Legal Counsel. 34988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · October Z4, 1973 DOUBLES ffiON CONTENT OF WHITE DOUBLE RATION OF IRON DUE IN CoNTENT credible decision last January prohibit­ BREAD OF WmTE BREAD ing States from enacting laws prohibit­ WASHINGTON.-In an order criticized by ing or regulating abortions. Associate some doctors as a dangerous human experi­ Justice White in a dissenting opinion, HON. RAY ROBERTS ment, the government Friday ordered the said: OF TEXAS nation's bakeries to double the iron content I find nothing in the language or history IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of white bread. The Food and Drug Administration said of the Constitution to support the Court's Wednesday, October 24, 1973 it was issuing the order, after three years of judgment. The Court simply fashions and study and controversy, because research in­ announces a new constitutional right for Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, the Food dicated Americans are not getting enough pregnant mothers and with scarcely any rea­ and Drug Administration has taken ac­ iron in their diet--partly because of the de­ son or authority for its action, invests that tion which could endanger the health of clining use of iron cookware. It will go into right with sufficient substance to override all Americans. effect in six months. most existing state abortion statutes. After 3 years of controversy and in the Dr. William H. Crosby, chief of hematology Mr. Justice White later refers to the face of dire warnings from competent at the Scripps Clinic in La Jolla, Calif., said Court's decision as "an exercise of raw hematologists, the FDA has ordered the there has been "absolutely no work done" judicial power" and a more apt descrip­ Nation's bakeries to double the iron con­ to demonstrate that more iron in bread would be safe or effective. tion of this decision cannot be made. Be­ tent of white bread. "The manufacturers would not and could cause the Supreme Court has abdicated One California hematologist has not provide such evidence,'' he said. "The its constitutional duty to interpret law !pointed out, obviously to no avail, that fact that it may not be safe is really uncon­ and has elected to enact law, it becomes excess iron in the body can produce cir­ sciona.ble." incumbent upon Congress and the peo­ rhosis of the liver and pancreas, heart Crosby said excessive iron can cause cir­ ple of these United States to restore the failure, diabetes, and impotence in males. rhosis of the liver and pancreas, diabetes, Constitution to its proper place as the Another physician who has treated iron­ heart failure and impotence in males. basis and foundation of the American related disorders predicted that many Dr. Margaret Ann Krikker of Albany, N.Y., a general practitioner who has treated system. This can first be accomplished by Americans would have an iron overload iron-related disorders and who helped cir­ dispelling the myth that the Constitu­ in 10 years. culate a petition against the proposal signed tion is what the Supreme Court says it is. The FDA Commissioner admits that by more than 100 doctors, told UPI: It is Abraham Lincoln who said in his there is legitimate concern about our "This is an experiment, in my view an ir­ first inaugural address : responsible experiment, unprecedented in getting too much iron in our diets, but he If the policy of the Government upon vital still favors the regulation, because his the history of mankind . . . I predict a very questions affecting the whole people is to be research shows that Americans are not significant portion of the population will irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Su­ getting enough iron in their diets. have an iron overload in 10 years." preme Court, the instant they are made in Dr. Alexander Schmidt, FDA commission­ ordinary litigation between parties in per­ The Commissioner's concern about er, told UPI he realized there was "legiti­ deficiencies in the diets of Americans is sonal actions, the people will have ceased to mate concern" from physicians who have be their own rulers, having to that extent admirable, but his dictatorial act to make said the move might result in too much iron them consume more iron at a risk to life in the diet--a potentially dangerous situa­ practically resigned their Government into and health is unthinkable. tion since the body can store and use iron the hands of that eminent tribunal. It may be all right with the American but not eliminate it. The Constitution is most emphatically Bakers Association if we start getting But he added: "As people's eating habits change, a significant number of people in not what the Supreme Court says it is; medication at the grocery store instead the United States are getting less and less the Supreme Court is what the Constitu­ of the local pharmacy, but I believe that iron and becoming anemic. Some very good tion says the Supreme Court is. Since the most Americans would be more interested surveys have shown that as many as a quar­ Constitution places judicial power and in the approval of hematologists, the real ter of young women in some areas have iron not legislative power in the Supreme specialists in this area. deficiency anemia . . ." "No omcial comments were received A spokesman for the American Bakers Court, one can only conclude that the from national or international hema­ Association, which asked the FDA to order Supreme Court itself has overstepped tologial societies," wrote the FDA in its the change, said, "There are many children the bounds of the Constitution, and that regulation. That is hardly reason to as­ and women who are in menstruating years its decision in Roe against Wade is un­ who have diagnosable anemia. This isn't go­ constitutional. Those sworn to uphold sume the silent approval of responsible ing to cure that overnight, but it will make spokesmen in this field of medicine. a very substantial contribution toward the Constitution of the United States are The order also sets higher iron levels that." obliged by their oaths to perform pre­ for enriched bread and rolls and for The order sets higher iron levels !or en­ cisely that action, and are not obliged to enriched dough. It reads: riched bread and rolls and for enriched flour uphold a decision of the Supreme Court. The Commissioner, on his own initiative. dough. Such an oath binds them to the Con­ proposed that the standard !or enriched The new level of iron for enriched flour bread, rolls, or buns also be amended. by will be 40 milligraxns per pound, compared stitution as they have been given by God inserting the statement that iron and cal­ to a present range of 13 to 16.5 mgs; for to understand the Constitution. Con­ cium may be added only 1n forms which are enriched bread it will be 25 mgs., compared versely, such an oath binds them to harmless and ass1mllable. to 8-12.5 presently. oppose the Supreme Court when the Unfortunately, what is harmless and Court has acted unconstitutionally. It is assimilable is obviously open to debaA;e. for this reason that I have introduced The FDA proposal has considerable sup­ RAW JUDICIAL POWER the resolution proposing a constitutional port among the medical profession. But, amendment. As a Representative it is the there is also significant opposition from very least I could do to fulfill the oath others in that same medical profession. I have taken to uphold the Constitution. The potential harm in adding to the iron HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE content of bread is simply too important OF INDIANA to be ignored. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It should not be the right of any Fed­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 B'NAI B'RITH STATEMENT ON MID­ eral bureaucracy or any one bureaucrat EAST CONFLICT to use the American public as human Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, on guinea pigs in a dietary supplement September 11 I introduced House Joint experiment. Resolution 717 proposing an amendment HON. JOE MOAKLEY to the Constitution of the United States I urge.my colleagues to read the fol­ OF ~ASSAC~SETTS for the protection of unborn children and lowing United Press International ac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES count of the FDA action as it appeared other persons irrespective of their ages, in the October 13 edition of the Tyler, health, functions or conditions of de­ Wednesday, October 24, 1973 Tex., Morning Telegraph, one of the out­ pendency. Such an amendment is made Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, as I standing newspapers in my district. necessary by the Supreme Court's in- speak to you now, I am heartened by October 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34989 news of a U.N.-sponsored cease-fire in fused to accept the decision and immediately arranged by the U.S. It was not even a few the Middle East. began country-wide assaults on the Jewish hours old before the Egyptians boldly used I fervently hope this will mean an end community in an attempt to "drive the Jews it as a cover for advancing Russian missile into the sea." In May of 1948, when the UN launches closer to the Canal in violation of to the bloodshed and suffering in that recognized the State of Israel, the full brunt the agreement it had made a few hours beleaguered part of the world. of Syrian, Egyptian, Jordanian and Iraqui before. Along with other concerned colleagues, army units was concentrated on Israel in a 5. Now, in October 1973, when they found I introduced several resolutions in recent concerted attack. The result, contrary to gen­ it politically convenient, they have once days to assist in Israel's defense against eral expectation, was an Arab defeat. again violated the cease fire and initiated overwhelming odds. These measures 2. In the years that followed, the Arab hostilities. called for first, · an acceleration of the states refused to recognize the existence of CONSEQUENCES flow of economic and military aid to Israel and their responsibillties under the What are the consequences of this Arab Israel; second, the initiation of diplo­ UN Charter. After years of teiTorist raids aggression likely to be if the Arabs are per­ from Egyptian teiTitory and Arab refusal to mitted once more, to escape the responsibil­ matic action to confine the war to its allow Israel its rightful maritime passage ities of their actions? original combatants and third, an through the Suez Canal and also into the 1. It will make peace harder to achieve. American commitment to bring about a Red Sea via the Straits of Tiran the Israeli Israel and thoughtful people throughout the negotiated settlement to the war. forces finally reacted and drove to the Suez world cannot be expected to soon forget this At this time I should like to bring to CBina.l in 1956. Israel withdrew her forces, infamous Arab attempt at a Pearl Harbor, the attention of my colleagues the fol­ only on the basis of UN and other specific which occurred on Yom Kippur, the holiest lowing sensitive appraisal of the conflict international assurances on the use of the religious holiday in Judaism. by the B'nai B'rith Council of Greater Suez Canal and the Red Sea, and the estab­ 2. It wm confirm Israel's conviction that lishment of a UN presence in the Sinai and Arab promises and agreements are not to Boston: Sharm-el Sheik. Nevertheless, immediately be relied on; that cease fires are merely STATEMENT OF THE B'NA.I B'RITH COUNCIL OF upon the Israeli withdrawal, the Egyptians tactical conveniences to be shed when no GREATER BOSTON closed the canal to Israeli shipping. The longer wanted; and that the only assurance AN ANALYS.IS OF THE CONFLICT Arabs continued to deny the right of Israel to exist. Terrorists soon resumed incursions of safety and survival remains-defensible Egypt and Syria have once again chosen borders. to violate a cease fire. Their a.rmed forces along other frontiers. Moreover, the Arabs chose to maintain a "state of belligerency"­ The Israelis are the survivors and heirs of crossed the cease fire lines initiating another the pogroms and concentration camps of major war. The battle is still fluid; the out­ which meant that they claim the right to come uncertain. But surely one must ask why undertake any and all warlike acts. On the Europe, and refugees and heirs of refugees have the Arabs started a war that they are other hand the Arabs argued that Israel must from Arab lands. They have suffered and likely to lose? be held to their cease fire obligations and had died enough and wm not stand by and allow no right to respond. THE ARAB PLAN themselves to be decimated once again. They 3. In 1967, President Nasser of Egypt de­ A. Even a small territorial gain would be want and need peace more than the Arabs cided the time was ripe to reverse the verdict because they can afford war less and are a a victory-if it could be solidified by a of 1956. He unilaterally expelled the UN U.N. intervention for the establishment of a. peacekeeping forces from the Sinai; he closed peaceful people; but the first step for peace new cease fire. If the Egyptians, for example, the Straits of Tiran-thus cutting off Israel's must come from the Arabs. can retain a bridgehead on the East Bank lifeline from Eilat to Africa and the Far East, RESOLVED of the Canal, the two armies wm no longer constituting, under international law, an act be separated by water, and the pressure for A true and lasting peace is now, as it has of war-and poured enormous quantities of been in the past, the only sensible goal for an imposed settlement will have been en­ armor and infantry into the Sinai right up hanced. The Arabs negotiating stance (if to Israel's vulnerable front lines. U.S. policy in the Middle East. they choose to negotiate) would be stronger. In Cairo and the other Arab capitals, as Because we, as Americans and as Jews, are Given the well-known UN pro-Arab bias and American television Viewers wlli recall, om­ committed to real peace; because we see the "clout" afforded by Arab oil, a cease fire cially-inspired mobs paraded carrying ban­ clearly the dangers, futUity and immorality could be called as soon as the Egyptians con­ ners with the skull and cross bones, and of continued appeasement of the Arabs, be­ solidated any battle gains. They started this called for "Death to the Jews", while govern­ cause we are tired of violence and bloodshed, war in order to change the meaning and in­ ment radio stations interspersed martial airs and because, as has been seen over the past tent of UN Resolution 242. They seek to with a call to "drive the Jews into the sea" impose complete withdrawal of Israeli forces 25 years; a truce is meaningless, an armistice and s1In1lar blood slogans. On June 5, Israel is meaningless, a cease fire is meaningless, without linking it to a freely negotiated finally replied, destroying Egyptian and settlement and the establishment of secure we declare our firm and unyielding solidarity Syrian air power, and after Jordan bom­ with the people of Israel in their insistence boundaries. In this way they hope to set the barded Jerusalem, Israel responded to that stage for another round of war. attack. upon secure, recognized and defensibe bor­ However, if the Israells successfully coun­ In 1967, when Israel did not have defen­ ders, to be achieved in a settlement of Mid­ ter-attack into Egyptian and Syrian territory, sible borders, she lost more men, proportion­ dle East problems through free and untram­ the Arabs count on the UN to bali them out. ately, in 6 days of war than the U.S. lost melled negotiations between the parties No cease fire will be passed by the UN Secu­ in 10 years in Indo-China. directly concerned in the conflict. irity Council, unless and until the Egyptians Israel and the world, hoped and believed, approve it-no matter what they say in Therefore, we call upon: that this victory, so costly to both sides, 1. All thoughtful people to condemn and public. would finally bring the Arabs to the negotia­ B. The Arab aim is to put an end to the oppose the brutal Egyptian/Syrian aggres­ ting table. But backed by the Russians and sion. State of Israel. As Nasser freely admitted, their allies in the United Nations, the Arabs even the ostensibly limited objectives of to­ 2. The u.s. to accelerate the flow of arms attempted instead to rewrite history. They and economic aid to Israel and, in particular, day are stepping stones to a definitive solu­ tried to convince the world that they were tion tomorrow-the destruction of the State the victims instead of the criminal aggres­ to replace immediately the equipment lost of Israel. At the same time, they are secure sors. They tried to regain their lost terri­ in the current fighting. in the knowledge that no Israeli victory, tory by diplomatic pressure, citing Israel's 3 . The President to maintain his long­ however swift and large, can threaten the gains after such Arab attack and subsequent range policy of the last 3 years, the essence continued existence of any Arab states. The defeat, as evidence of Israel's "expansionist" of which is "no imposed solution" to the Arabs, therefore, feel, that given the disposi­ tendencies-like the boy who killed his par­ Middle East conflict. tion of international power they have every­ ents and asked the court for mercy as an 4. All thoughtful people to recognize that thing to gain by attacking Israel. They place orphan. the United Nations has prevented rather little value on human life and can gamble 4. The Egyptians, who in 1967 were saved than aided the search for peace in the Mid­ with impunity since the international com­ by the UN cease fire, broke a cease fire again dle East for 25 years. It has been morally munity is not disposed to restrain them. by initating massive artillery strikes against bankrupt in its one-sided pro-Arab resolu­ H.ISTORICAL BACKGROUND Irsaeli forces in what Nasser called "The tions. In its present disposition it has no The attack by Egypt a Syria 1s only the war of Attrition". The Egyptians felt that useful role to play in the resolution of this most recent in a long and unreinltting series they would wear the Israelis down by trading conflict. we. therefore, urge the U.S. to o! Arab aggressions against Israel going back deaths. When the Israelis refused to ac­ work !or the restoration o! the integrity of to the formation of the State. quiesce in their assigned role, and, by air the UN by acting 1n accordance with the 1. In November 1947 the United Nations strikes, caused great losses to Egyptian high ideals on which it was founded~ven voted to partition Palestine. The Arabs re- forces, Egypt accepted a cease fire-this time i! we must stand alone.