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[I R-Immveenm R V-'Rv 0 D 0 RS Proceedings of thwk .I dt"ll th6lnternat ........... held at aoligb"M I k5 [ON TNR TrRwn N LAM, V p m [i r-iMmVEENM rv-'rv 0D .......... Internatio*0 'Bern, S, ........... Development of K-Fertilizer Recommendations 22nd Colloquium of the International Potash Institute Soligorsk, USSR June 18-23, 1990 Development of K-Fertilizer Recommendations International Potash Institute, CH-3048 Worblaufen-Bern/Switzerland P.O. Box 121 Phone: (0)31/58 53 73 Telex: 912 091 ipi ch Telefax: (0)31 58 41 29 © All rights held by: International Potash Institute P.O. Box 121 CH-3048 Worblaufen-Bern/Switzerland Phone: (0)31/58 53 73 Telex: 912 091 ipi ch Telefax: (0)31/58 41 29 Design: Mario Pellegrini, Bern Printing: Lang Druck AG, Liebefeld-Bern Proceedings of the 22nd Colloquium of the International Potash Institute Contents Opening Session Page N. Cello Welcome address .................. 9 A. Podlesny Welcome address by the Director General of Byeloruskali ............ 13 Session No. 1 Potassium demand in cropping systems J Breburda Development of agricultural yield levels and soil K-status in Eastern and Western E urope .......................... 17 A. van Diest The position of K in nutrient balance sheets of the Netherlands .......... 41 M. Kerschberger and Records of soil fertility in the GDR 55 D. Richter M.A. Florinsky and Agrochemical monitoring of exchange- E.N. Yefremov able potassium in arable soils of the U SSR ........................... 63 U Kafkafi The functions of plant K in overcoming environmental stress situations ...... 81 V V. Prokoshev Coordinator's report on the 1st Working Session .......................... 95 Session No. 2 Soil types and K-dynamics V V Prokoshev and Soil properties and potassium be- TA. Sokolova haviour .......................... 99 H. Grimme Soil moisture and K mobility ....... 117 M. De Nobili, L. Vittori Antisari and P Sequi K-uptake from subsoil ............. 133 3 S. Feigenbaum, A. Bar-Tal Dynamics of soil potassium in multi- and D.L. Sparks cationic systems .................. 145 L Szabolcs K-status and dynamics in salt affected soils ............................. 163 LM. Bogdevitch Coordinator's report on the 2nd Work- ing Session ....................... 173 Session No. 3 Soil and plant test methods and their calibration for long-term sustainability of soil fertility A. E. Johnston and The use of plant and soil analyses to K. W. T Goulding predict the potassium supplying capac- ity of soil ........................ 177 G. Wessolek Estimation of root density in modelling nutrient requirements .............. 205 PB. Barraclough Modelling K uptake by plants from soil 217 J. Decroux Leaf analysis for standardising soil ana- lysis ............................. 23 1 Y.M. Heimer, A. Golan- Tissue protein as indicator for the K + Goldhirsh and H. Lips nutritional status of plants ......... 247 A. van Diest Coordinator's report on the 3rd Work- ing Session ....................... 257 Session No. 4 Evaluation of field experiments and fertilizer recommendations 0. Jourdan and Field experiments for fertilizer advice - P Villemin design - execution - interpretation .. 263 D. Collin Soil and plant test data in computerised fertilizer recommendations ......... 279 E. Andres Soil fertility data banks as a tool for site- specific K-recommendations ........ 291 R. Czuba Experience with fertilizer recommenda- tions in Eastern Europe ............ 307 M. Perelli Experience with fertilizer recommenda- tions in Italy and in Southern Europe 317 A.A. Sobachkin and Experience with fertilizer recommenda- LM. Bogdevitch tions in USSR .................... 335 4 Ch. Pieri Coordinator's report on the 4th Work- ing Session ....................... 345 Session No. 5 Implementation of fertilizer recommen- dations with special reference to potash fertilizers P Hotsma Channels to reach the farmer ....... 349 H. Vandendriessche Adjustment of fertilizer dressings to M. Geypens and J. Bries achieve high quality and optimum price for potatoes and sugar beet ........ 359 TE Gately and Need of improved livestock production W.E. Murphy from farm produced feed and the conse- quences for fertilizer application .... 373 H. Vis The range of various K-fertilizers and their agricultural use .............. 385 H. J Scharf Environmental aspects of K-fertilizers in production, handling and application 395 K. Mengel Coordinator's report on the 5th Work- ing Session ....................... 403 Closing address N. Celio Closing address ................... 405 5 Opening Session Welcome Address Dr. N. Celio, former President of the Confederation of Switzerland, President of the International Potash Institute, Bern/Switzerland Ladies and Gentlemen, I welcome you to our Colloquium in Soligorsk. It is gratifying to see that the potash producers and relevant authorities are represented and that we have with us the gentlemen of the press. I welcome especially all those whose efforts have made this event possible. Those of you who have attended earlier meetings of the International Potash Institute will have noticed with regret the absence of a familiar figure. I refer to our esteemed Director and Organizer Heinz Ktinzli who died a few days before Christmas last year. It is fitting that we remember him on this occasion. I am especially grateful to the Director General of Byeloruskali, Mr. Pod- lesny, for his kind invitation and I wish to thank him and his coworkers for the great efforts they have made in organizing the 22nd Colloquium of IPI. It is a privilege to hold our Colloquium in this great country which, unhappily, is not well known to us. We hope we shall have the opportunity here to repair this omission by learning something of a small part of your country and its history and that we shall be able to gain some idea of the cultural traditions of the Soviet Union. This is the first time that an IPI Colloquium has been held in the Soviet Union and in a place where a major potash producer is situated. This is one result of the decision of the group of Soviet producers to join IPI as an affiliate member; members of this group are Uralkali, Byeloruskali, Sylvinit and the Institute of Halurgy. It is a great pleasure to have the delegates of these compa- nies in our midst. There is a number of reasons why IPI membership is impor- tant. First, all the potash producers of Europe and the Near East are now united in a common aim so we can say that, in IPI, the vision <all Europe under one roof is now a reality so far as potash is concerned. This gives us great joy and we wish to express our thanks to all those who made possible the negotiations which led in such a short time to this happy conclusion. Second, this country, which is the largest potash producer in the world, serving not only the Soviet Union and Europe but also many overseas coun- tries, has recognised the need for international cooperation. Finally, in cooperating with IPI, the potash producers of the Soviet Union recognize their responsibility for their product, especially for its correct usage. This recognition is encapsulated in the subject matter of this 22nd IPI Colloq- 9 uium entitled ((Development of K-fertilizer recommendations >. Numerous aspects of this subject will be covered by eminent scientists drawn from all parts of Europe. I would like to expand a little on the responsibility of the producer for his product; the potash producer obviously has a responsibility for the quality of his material but he must also be concerned that what he supplies is used in an efficient manner. Rational use of potash is only possible through sound research and education and this is the affair of both governments and the industry itself. So long as there is a need to improve crop yield and quality these partners have a common aim and their cooperation must be fruitful. The potash producers of Western Europe have a long tradition of support to research and education; for more than 100 years this has benefited both industry and farming. This tradition was the bedrock upon which the Interna- tional Potash Institute was founded almost forty years ago with its head- quarters in Bern. Many of you may not yet be familiar with our publications nor may you have attended earlier IPI Congresses and Colloquia so it may be helpful if I briefly outline the activities of IPI which are now also supported by the potash producers of the Soviet Union and by those of the German Democratic Republic and Jordan. The task of the IPI is to collect and evaluate the results of research on the major plant nutrient potassium from all over the world and to disseminate the information to research and agricultural extension workers in all countries. This task is approached in the following ways: - Regular and occasional publications are sent to practically every relevant research and experimental establishment in the world. The POTASH REVIEW appears in English in alternate months and is directed primarily to research workers. Another regular publication is the INTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER CORRESPONDENT, a quarterly in English and Spanish. Other publications which are much appreciated are books and booklets on specific topics in potassium research and on individual crops which ap- pear under the general heading <«Fertilizing for high yields .Mr. Sychevsky has kindly arranged to display a selection of IPI publications at the front of the hall. - Our scientific meetings, Colloquia and Congresses are arranged in working cycles by I P1's Scientific Board. The 13 members are scientists from 13 Euro- pean countries who decide the topics to be discussed and select the speakers. Following 3 Colloquia on closely defined subjects and with restricted par- ticipation (100-150) a Congress is held to evaluate the series of Colloquia in front of a larger audience (200-300). The two Colloquia preceding this meeting were devoted to Methodology of K-research in the soil (held in Austria) and in plants (Belgium). In addition to these international meet- ings IPI has also arranged Workshops on Potassium on a national basis in several countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
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