OKLAHOMA ENABLING ACT June 16, 1906 Enabling Act §7. Grant of Lands for Schools-Appropriation for School in Lieu of Indian Terr
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The Nevada Constitution Was Framed by a Convention of Delegates Chosen by the People
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF NEVADA _________ [The Nevada constitution was framed by a convention of delegates chosen by the people. The convention met at Carson City on July 4, 1864, and adjourned on July 28 of the same year. On the 1st Wednesday of September 1864, the constitution was approved by the vote of the people of the Territory of Nevada, and on October 31, 1864, President Lincoln proclaimed that the State of Nevada was admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states. The literal text of the original, signed copy of the constitution filed in the office of the secretary of state has been retained, unless it has been repealed or superseded by amendment. Where the original text has been amended or where a new provision has been added to the original constitution, the source of the amendment or addition is indicated in the source note immediately following the text of the amended or new section. Leadlines for sections have been supplied by the Legislative Counsel of the State of Nevada.] _________ [Preliminary Action.] Ordinance. Preamble. Article. 1. Declaration of Rights. 2. Right of Suffrage. 3. Distribution of Powers. 4. Legislative Department. 5. Executive Department. 6. Judicial Department. 7. Impeachment and Removal From Office. 8. Municipal and Other Corporations. 9. Finance and State Debt. 10. Taxation. 11. Education. 12. Militia. 13. Public Institutions. 14. Boundary. 15. Miscellaneous Provisions. 16. Amendments. 17. Schedule. XVIII. [Right of Suffrage.] Repealed in 1992. 19. Initiative and Referendum. [Election Ordinance.] _________ [PRELIMINARY ACTION.] WHEREAS, The Act of Congress Approved March Twenty First A.D. -
Code City Handbook Code City Handbook Copyright © 2009 by MRSC
Code City Handbook Code City Handbook Copyright © 2009 by MRSC. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publisher; however, governmental entities in the state of Washington are granted permission to reproduce and distribute this publication for official use. MRSC 2601 Fourth Avenue, Suite 800 Seattle, WA 98121-1280 (206) 625-1300 (800) 933-6772 www.MRSC.org June 2009 $30 Preface In order to meet the needs of officials in Optional Municipal Code cities and assist them in the performance of their responsibilities, this Code City Handbook has been prepared, updating Report No. 37, published in March 1997. This report has been prepared to provide essential information for code city officials and to indicate their powers and duties and alternatives that are available under the applicable forms of municipal government. While every attempt has been made to make this publication comprehensive and understandable, we recognize that additional detail or clarification will be required periodically. Requests for information or comments on this publication are accordingly invited. Information on other specific municipal topics that are relevant to code cities, is available in the following publications: Local Ordinances (Report No. 50); The New Bidding Book for Washington Cities and Towns (Report No. 52); Knowing the Territory: Basic Legal Guidelines for City, County and Special District Officials (Report No. 47); The Appearance of Fairness Doctrine in Washington State (Report No. -
Statutory Instruments Revised May 2008
Factsheet L7 House of Commons Information Office Legislative Series Statutory Instruments Revised May 2008 Contents Introduction 2 Statutory Instruments 2 What is a Statutory Instrument? 2 Drafting 2 Preamble 2 This Factsheet has been archived so the Explanatory Notes 2 content and web links may be out of Explanatory Memoranda 3 date. Please visit our About Parliament Parliamentary procedure on SIs 3 pages for current information. Frequently used terms 3 Negative Procedure 4 Affirmative Procedure 5 Rejection of Statutory Instruments 5 Joint Committee on Statutory Statutory Instruments (SIs) are a form of Instruments 6 legislation which allow the provisions of an The Lords Committee on the Merits Act of Parliament to be subsequently of Statutory Instruments. 6 brought into force or altered without Debates on SIs in the House of Parliament having to pass a new Act. They Commons 7 are also referred to as secondary, delegated Delegated Legislation Committees 7 or subordinate legislation. This Factsheet Other types of delegated legislation 8 Regulatory Reform Orders 8 discusses the background to SIs, the Debates on Regulatory Reform procedural rules they must follow, and their Orders 9 parliamentary scrutiny. It also looks at the Remedial Orders 10 other types of delegated legislation. Commencement orders 10 Orders in Council 11 Orders of Council 11 Local SIs 11 Finding out about SIs 11 Publication and Bibliographic Control 12 Appendix A 13 Statistics on delegated legislation and deregulation orders 13 Appendix B 15 Comprehensive summary table of what can and cannot be presented or laid during recesses. 15 Further Reading 16 MayContact 2008 information 16 FSFeed No.backL7 Ed form 3.9 17 ISSN 0144-4689 © Parliamentary Copyright (House of Commons) 2008 May be reproduced for purposes of private study or research without permission. -
Messages of the Governors of the Territory of Washington to the Legislative Assembly, 1854-1889
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLICATIONS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Volume 12,pp. 5-298 August, 1940 MESSAGES OF THE GOVERNORS OF THE TERRITORY OF WASHINGTON TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1854-1889 Edited by CHARLESi\'l.GATES UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 1940 FOREWORD American history in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries is in large part the story of the successive occupation of new areas by people of European antecedents, the planting therein of the Western type of civilization, and the interaction of the various strains of that civilization upon each other and with the environment. The story differs from area to area because of differences not only in the cultural heritage of the settlers and in the physical environment but also in the scientific and technological knowledge available dur- ing the period of occupation. The history of the settlement and de- velopment of each of these areas is an essential component of the history of the American Nation and a contribution toward an under- standing of that Nation as it is today. The publication of the documents contained in this volume serves at least two purposes: it facilitates their use by scholars, who will weave the data contained in them into their fabrics of exposition and interpretation, and it makes available to the general reader a fas- cinating panorama of the early stages in the development of an Amer- ican community. For those with special interest in the State of Washington, whether historians or laymen, the value of this work is obvious; but no one concerned with the social, economic, or diplomatic history of the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century can afford to ignore it. -
Untangling the Law
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Untangling the law Journal Item How to cite: Pywell, Stephanie (2013). Untangling the law. New Law Journal, 163(7553) pp. 321–322. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2013 Reed Elsevier (UK) Ltd. Version: Accepted Manuscript Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Untangling the law Stephanie Pywell challenges a widely held view on the classification of delegated legislation IN BRIEF • The widespread view that there are three types of delegated legislation – statutory instruments, byelaws and Orders in Council – is incorrect. • There are two types of delegated legislation – statutory instruments and byelaws - and five forms of statutory instrument – Orders in Council, Orders of Council, orders, rules and regulations. Introduction Delegated legislation is so called because it is made by an individual or body to whom Parliament has delegated law-making powers, normally by a parent, or enabling, Act of Parliament. The delegated legislation has the same authority as the Act. The nature and classification of delegated legislation features in most introductory-level law courses. For many years, most students have been taught that there are three types of delegated legislation: statutory instruments (SIs), byelaws and Orders in Council. Research using parliamentary papers indicates that this method of classification is misleading, and that it is appropriate to identify two distinct types of delegated legislation: • SIs, of which there can be considered to be five forms, and • byelaws. -
Indian Territory and the Laws of Tory Was Ready for Statehood
'J'tlli TULSA 1'tUHUNE, TULSA, OKLAHOMA 7 Territory folks ... Continued from page 6 schools were not open to noncitizen children, and non citizens bad no voice in government. ·until 1906. A shrewd political leader he reduced the bitter factionalism among territoriai'Republicans. The start of the avalanche which would destroy the Indian governments came in 1871 when Congr~ss . Al_though_supported by Flynn's group, he was impar passed a bill which stated: " Hereafter, no Indtan bal m makt!lg app<;~intments and in party contests. nation or tribe within the territory of the United States . At one pomt, be 1S quoted as saying to Flynn: "I am shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent tired of the whole muddle ... It seems to me that there nation, tribe or power, with whom the United States is not a commonwealth in the United States so com may contract by treaty." pletely filled with envious, designing 2 x 4 politicians In other words, the tribes were subject to U.S. laws as is the Territory of Oklahoma." ' and their actions to congressional control. He ~meq~ed a strong leader and by his capable Then, through an act passed in 1889, federal courts admlntstrabon assured Congress that Oklahoma Terri were introduced in Indian Territory and the laws of tory was ready for statehood. Arkansas were extended over the territory in all except Indian courts, which dealt exclusively with Indians. V_EN Ferguson could not escape the party infight-. E mg. In 1905, anti-Flynn Republicans launched a HE FATAL blow fell in 1898 when Congress, over rumor-filled campaign to block his reappointment. -
The Enabling Act of 23 March 1933 the Political Situation in the Final Stages of the Weimar Republic Was Confusing and Unstable
HISTORICAL EXHIBITION PRESENTED BY THE GERMAN BUNDESTAG ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Enabling Act of 23 March 1933 The political situation in the final stages of the Weimar Republic was confusing and unstable. Changing cabinets and coalitions and political, social and economic crises were the order of the day. Paul von Hindenburg, President of the Reich, was resorting more and more frequently to emergency decrees and dissolved the Reichstag twice in 1932. The prevailing political conditions facilitated the transition of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) from a radical splinter group to a party of government. In the two elections to the Reichstag in 1932 and in the election of 1933, which was free only on paper, the NSDAP won the largest share of the vote by far. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of the Reich by President Hindenburg. Hitler was thus placed at the head of a cabinet comprising non-attached Conservative ministers, members of the NSDAP and representatives of the German National People’s Party (DNVP). The direction in which the political situation would develop under Hitler became clear only shortly after he took office. The Reichstag Fire Decree (Reichstagsbrandverordnung), enacted only one day after the fire in the Reichstag building on 27 February 1933, severely curtailed fundamental rights, subjected the police largely to the control of the national government and thereby created all sorts of opportunities for the persecution and elimination of political opponents, which the police and the so- called auxiliary police forces formed by SA and SS troops exploited to the full. The next step towards the ‘Führer state’ was the abolition of parliamentary democracy and the rule of law. -
Dictatorship and the German Constitution: 1933-1937
DICTATORSHIP AND THE GERMAN CONSTITUTION: 1933-1937 KARL Lo wENsTEIN* FTER National Socialism had seized power in Germany on Janu- ary 3o, 1933, the transformation of the constitutional law of the German Reich was accomplished at an exceedingly rapid rate. During the first two years of National Socialist rule there was an enor- mous output of statutes of basic importance. This rather hectic process of constitutional reconstruction evidently had reached a climax when, on August i, 1934, Adolf Hitler united the functions of the Reich President and of the Reich-Chancellor in his person, because the plenitude of ab- solute power bestowed on the Supreme Leader of the Reich (Reichsfiihrer) was incapable of being further increased. Since then the pace in rebuild- ing the constitutional structure has ostensibly slackened and it seems safe to state that the outlines of constitutional law as they appear today em- body the governmental form of the Third Reich in its final shape. Among the vast mass of statutes passed during the first four years of National Socialist rule some are considered as of fundamental nature and are spoken of as the basic or organic acts of the Third Reich (Grund- gesetz). This official designation, however, does not imply that these acts became integral parts of the fundamental charter (Verfassung im formel- len Sinn). Although it has been repeatedly hinted that a completely new constitutional document will be drawn up which would supersede the Weimar Constitution of August 11, 1918, the plan, if ever seriously con- templated, has not as yet materialized. Should a new constitutional charter be adopted, it would scarcely differ much from the constitutional set-up reflected today in the so-called basic acts, ordinary statutes and to a large extent also, in governmental habits or conventions. -
The CONSTITUTION of the STATE of MONTANA
1087 The CONSTITUTION of the STATE OF MONTANA PREAMBLE We the people of Montana grateful to God for the quiet beauty of our state, the grandeur of our mountains, the vastness of our rolling plains, and desiring to improve the quality of life, equality of opportunity and to secure the blessings of liberty for this and future generations do ordain and establish this constitution. ARTICLE I COMPACT WITH THE UNITED STATES All provisions of the enabling act of Congress (approved February 22,1889,25 Stat. 676), as amended and of Ordinance No. 1, appended to the Constitution of the state of Montana and approved February 22,1889, including the agreement and declaration that all lands owned or held by any Indian or Indian tribes shall remain under the absolute jurisdiction and control of the congress of the United States, continue in full force and effect until revoked by the consent of the United States and the people of Montana. ARTICLE II DECLARATION OF RIGHTS Section 1. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. All political powerisvestedin and derived from the people. All government ofright originates with the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole. Section 2. SELF-GOVERNMENT. The people have the exclusiveright of governing themselves as a free, sovereign, and independent state. They may alter or abolish the constitution and form of government whenever they deem it necessary. Section 3. INALIENABLE RIGHTS. All persons are born free and have certain in- alienable rights. They include the right to a clean and healthful environment and the rights of pursuing life’s basic necessities, enjoying and defending their lives and liberties, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and seeking their safety, health and happiness in all lawful ways. -
Public Schools and the Original Federal Land Grant Program
Public Schools and the Original Federal Land Grant Program A Background Paper from the Center on Education Policy The foundation of our political institutions, it is well known, rests in the will of the People, and the safety of the whole superstructure, its temple and altar, daily and hourly depend upon the discreet exercise of this will. How then is this will to be corrected, chastened, subdued? By education—that education, the first rudiments of which can be acquired only in common schools. Report of U.S. House Committee on Public Lands, 1826 Summary From the late 18th century through the middle of the 20th century, the federal government granted control of millions of acres of federal land to each state as it entered the Union. These lands were given in trust, with the stipulation that proceeds from their sale or lease be used to support various public institutions—most notably, public elementary and secondary schools and universities. These state land grants have played an important role in the development of the American system of public education and continue to provide revenues to maintain that system today. This background paper from the Center on Education Policy (CEP) examines the origins, history, and evolution of federal land grants for public schools, as well as their significance as an early example of the federal role in education. It is intended to serve as a more detailed companion to another CEP paper, Get the Federal Government Out of Education? That Wasn’t the Founding Fathers’ Vision (CEP, 2011), which mentions land grants as part of a broader look at the historical federal role in education. -
Way Down Yonder in the Indian Nations, Rode My Pony Cross the Reservation from Oklahoma Hills by Woody Guthrie
Tulsa Law Review Volume 29 Issue 2 Native American Symposia Winter 1993 Way Down Yonder in the Indian Nations, Rode My Pony Cross the Reservation from Oklahoma Hills by Woody Guthrie Kirke Kickingbird Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Kirke Kickingbird, Way Down Yonder in the Indian Nations, Rode My Pony Cross the Reservation from Oklahoma Hills by Woody Guthrie, 29 Tulsa L. J. 303 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss2/14 This Native American Symposia Articles is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized editor of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kickingbird: Way Down Yonder in the Indian Nations, Rode My Pony Cross the Res "WAY DOWN YONDER IN THE INDIAN NATIONS, RODE MY PONY CROSS THE RESERVATION!" FROM "OKLAHOMA HILLS" BY WOODY GUTHRIE Kirke Kickingbirdt I. INTRODUCTION "Way down yonder in the Indian Nations, rode my pony cross the reservation, in those Oklahoma hills where I was born...." So begins one of the 1,000 songs written by balladeer Woody Guthrie. The In- dian Nations of which he writes are the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chicka- saw, Creek and Seminole. The phrase refers to both the tribes themselves and the lands which they occupy. An observer of the tribal-state conflicts in Oklahoma over the last century might conclude that the song seems to be based primarily on nostalgia rather than on any sense of legal reality. -
Land Openings in Oklahoma, 1889–1906
Oklahoma History 757 Land Openings in Oklahoma, 1889–1906 With allotment completed and tribal governments abolished, statehood was possible. However, leaders of the Five Civilized Tribes opposed joining Oklahoma Territory. They wanted to form an all-Indian state named “Sequoyah.” Leaders of the Five Civilized Tribes met at Muskogee in 1905 where Creek Chief Pleasant Porter was elected president of the Sequoyah Convention. Alexander Posey, Creek poet and journalist, was elected secretary. The delegates wrote a constitution for the proposed state of Sequoyah. It was approved by the voters of Indian Territory, but Congress refused to consider it. They were preparing to join the Twin Territories to form the state of Oklahoma. On June 16, 1906, Congress passed the Oklahoma Enabling Act. It permitted the people of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory to join and write a constitution. The Constitutional Convention was to meet in Guthrie, and was to consist of 112 delegates. Fifty-five delegates were to be elected from Oklahoma Territory, fifty-five from Indian Territory, and two del- egates were to be elected from the Osage Nation. During the summer of 1906, voters in the Twin Territories elected convention delegates. Democratic delegates won one hundred of the convention seats, while Republicans won twelve. Democrat William H. Murray was elected president of the convention. His majority floor leader was Charles N. Haskell. The Republican leader in the convention was Henry Asp. Delegates worked through the winter and drafted a constitution that created three depart- ments for the new government. The executive branch consisted of a governor and eleven other executive officials.