Jessica Brown, New England Biolabs Foundation, and IUCN-WCPA Protected Landscapes Task Force - with Contributions from Grazia Borrini- Feyerabend and Ashish Kothari

Jessica Brown, New England Biolabs Foundation, and IUCN-WCPA Protected Landscapes Task Force - with contributions from Grazia Borrini- Feyerabend and Ashish Kothari Rice Terraces of the Philippines Cordilleras Why stewardship? • Worldwide, conservation strategies are becoming increasingly bio-regional. • New approaches to protected areas—based on inclusive approaches, partnerships, and linkages. • Growing understanding of the link between nature and culture—landscapes shaped by human culture as well as the forces of nature. Protected Area An area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. Indigenous Peoples’ and Community Conserved Areas and Territories -- ICCAs “…natural and modified ecosystems including significant biodiversity values, ecological services and cultural values voluntarily conserved by indigenous peoples & local communities through customary laws or other effective means…” • Specific indigenous three defining peoples or local communities characteristics of ICCAs (sedentary or mobile) are closely “concerned” about an area (related to it culturally and/or because of livelihoods) • Such communities hold power de facto -- if not also de jure -- in deciding, implementing & enforcing management decisions The voluntary management decisions and efforts of such communities achieve conservation results— although their main intention may not be necessarily related to conservation. Sacred crocodile pond, Mali Chizire sacred forest, Zimbabwe Forole sacred mountain Borana/ Gabbra Ethiopia/ Kenya Sacred lake, Indian Himalaya Caribou crossing site in Inuit territory, Canada Alto Fragua Indi-wasi National Park, Colombia Paruku Indigenous PA, Western Australia Wetlands in Qashqai mobile peoples’ territory, Iran Temporarily and/ or permanently Local marine forbidden sites reserves, (manjidura), Philippines Bijagos biosphere reserve , Guinea Bissau Lubuk Larangan river, Mandailing, Sumatra, Indonesia Coron Island ancestral domain, The Philippines Community forests, Thailand / Malaysia Qanats, Central Asia Community forests, Parc Jurassien Vaudois, Switzerland India and Nepal Jardhargaon forest, Indian Himalaya Natural Community Reserves & Pastoral Units of Ferlo, Sénégal Kheechan village, Rajasthan, India examples from India El parque de la papa (“Potato Park”) Southern Peruvian Andes “meeting points” of conservation, livelihood security and empowerment/ rights of indigenous peoples and local communities… in unique ways for unique contexts… ICCAs conserve a huge range of ecosystems, habitats and species, maintain ecosystem services, and provide biodiversity connectivity in the landscape/ seascape ICCAs are the basis of livelihoods for millions of people, securing resources and income ICCAs can play a crucial role in securing the rights of Indigenous Peoples & local communities to their land & natural resources through local governance enhancing ICCAs are the foundation of cultural identity for countless resilience in the indigenous peoples and local face of global communities throughout the world ICCAs are based on rules and change institutions “tailored to the context”, (bio-cultural diversity), usually skilled at adaptive management and capable of flexible, culture-related responses ICCAs are often built on sophisticated collective ecological knowledge and capacities, including sustainable use of wild resources and maintenance of agrobiodiversity, which have stood the test of time ICCAs are typically designed to maintain crucial livelihood resources for times of stress and need, such as during severe climate events, war and natural disasters… threats & ‘Development’ -- mining and fossil fuel extraction, logging, tree plantation, industrial fishing, sea challenges dredging, large-scale grazing, agriculture, water diversions and drainage, urbanisation, major infrastructure (roads, ports, airports, mass tourism…) Expropriation of community land (nationalisation, privatisation, state-governed protected areas…) Land encroachment and unauthorised resource extractions (poaching, stealing…) Active acculturation of ICCA communities (formal education, evangelisation, publicity …) War, violent conflicts and movements of refugees Inappropriate recognition by governments Taxes and other unbearable fiscal burdens Divisions and conflicts created by political parties & projects Air and water pollution and invasive species. Climate change (natural disasters, sea level rise…) The Consortium Indigenous Peoples organisations (IPOs) & local community organisations and NGOs core members • Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact Foundation (IPO, Asia) • Centre for Sustainable Development & Environment (NGO, Iran) • Corporacion Ecozoica (NGO, Colombia) • Forest Peoples Programme (NGO, UK) • Fundación para la Promoción del Conocimiento Indígena (IPO Central America) • Fundacion Urundei (NGO, South America) • Global Diversity Foundation (NGO, UK) • Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (IPO, Africa) • Kalpavriksh (NGO, India) • Newen Mapu (IPO, South America) • Philippine Association For Intercultural Development (NGO) • Quebec-Labrador Foundation (network of NGOs, USA and Canada) • Sand County Foundation (NGO, USA) • World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (IPO, global) + TGER/ TILCEPA/ TSL (+ Friends of Nature (NGO, China)– possibly to join...) programme goal and objectives/ activities To promote the recognition and appropriate support of ICCAs, at national and international levels 1. analyse status, threats, needs and opportunities of ICCAs in specific regions and countries 2. facilitate exchange of information and experiences on ICCAs and their values 3. enhance capacity of IPs and communities to deal with challenges, meet local needs 6. promote appropriate forms of recognition of and support for ICCAs, through full implementation of CBD, UNDRIP, IUCN Guidelines, etc. on a country-by-country basis 5. facilitate engagement of IPs and local communities from ICCAs at main policy events (e.g. regional and international forums); 6. develop global guidance (e.g. IUCN Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation) on the base of concrete ICCA experience and needs 7. develop processes & protocols for inclusion of ICCAs in the WCMC/UNEP Global Database of Protected Areas; 8. explore the relationship between ICCAs and climate change mitigation and adaptation, including the potentialities and threats posed by relevant financial mechanisms (e.g. REDD); support appropriate relevant action Please consult: www.ICCAforum.org .

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