NARAWNTAPU NATIONAL PARK, HAWLEY NATURE RESERVE DRAFT MANAGEMENT PLAN 2015 (Altering the Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Management Plan 2000)

16 December 2015

Director, National Parks and Wildlife GPO Box 1751 Hobart TAS 7001 [email protected]

Representation by BirdLife Tasmania

Dear Director,

Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Draft Management Plan 2015.

BirdLife Tasmania wishes to raise a number of concerns regarding coastal bird values of the Narawntapu National Park, and the threats to them arising from current or proposed activities, and the failure of the Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Draft Management Plan 2015 to recognise explicitly high conservation values present in the Narawntapu National Park.

Thank you for considering this representation

Yours sincerely

Dr Eric J Woehler Convenor

1. Horse-riding on Bakers Beach

Hooded Plovers were listed as a Threatened Species under the EPBC Act (1999) in 2014. Horses and horse-riding on beaches were identified as threats to Hooded Plovers in the Federal Minister’s Conservation Advice (see http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/66726- conservation-advice.pdf)

BirdLife Tasmania undertakes GPS mapping surveys of beach-nesting birds throughout Tasmania. Hooded Plovers nest on Bakers and Badger Beaches. A mapping survey of beach-nesting shorebirds breeding on Bakers Beach in 2014/15 located 16 breeding territories of Pied Oystercatchers and one pair of Hooded Plovers on Bakers beach. An identical survey in 2009/10 located nine and one territories, respectively. These data are publicly available in the DPIPWE NVA and Appendix 1 shows the mapped locations of breeding shorebird territories.

Bakers Beach is also an important winter roosting beach for Hooded Plovers. Data from 1998 onwards show a steady decrease in the numbers of Hooded Plovers on Bakers Beach in winter months: June 1998 (46 Hooded Plovers), June 2000 (36), August 2006 (26) and August 2012 (5). As BirdLife Tasmania have no data to suggest a corresponding decrease in the breeding population on Bakers Beach or on surrounding beaches, it is likely that disturbance to roosting birds has contributed to the observed decrease.

Horse riding occurs on Bakers Beach throughout the year. Horse visits to Narawntapu National Park have increased by more than 50% between 2010 – 2014, inclusive (DPIPWE data). More than 60% of horse visits of the October 2014 – September 2015 total occurred in October 2014 to March 2015 inclusive. This six-month period encompasses the breeding season for Hooded Plovers in Tasmania.

Expansion of commercial horse riding on Bakers Beach in Narawntapu National Park will increase the threats to beach-nesting shorebirds, including Hooded Plover, year-round. Horse-riding on Bakers Beach will threaten nesting birds during the summer months, and roosting flocks during the winter months.

The current code of practice (PWS Public Notice, Narawntapu National Park Horse Access Conditions, undated) does not protect beach-nesting shorebirds from horse-riding on beaches. Condition 3, “Horses are not permitted on Bakers Beach between 2 hours before to 2 hours after high tide” is presumably to reduce potential threats to nesting shorebirds.

There is no condition requiring horses to be ridden on the wet sand. The

nominated “horse trail” is simply mapped along the extent of Bakers Beach, potentially allowing horses to access the upper beach where beach-nesting shorebirds nest, lay their eggs and raise their young.

BirdLife Tasmania believes that the PWS staff do not have the capacity to enforce compliance with conditions associated with horse-riding inside Narawntapu National Park. With limited staff and increased demand from visitors, BirdLife Tasmania believe that PWS staff do not have the capacity to ensure compliance by more than 500 horse visits per annum to the Narawntapu National Park.

There is no evidence to support the expectation or belief that all horse riders adhere to the PWS Horse Access Conditions. Further, we believe that no monitoring of potential impacts of horse riding on beach-nesting birds occurs. This is not a criticism of PWS staff - it merely reflects staff numbers and capacity.

BirdLife Tasmania opposes horse riding on all beaches in Tasmania in light of the massive threat they pose to beach-nesting birds. Since 2001, we have made multiple representations and engaged with regional PWS office staff to raise these concerns- most recently in dealing with horse-riding on Five and Seven Mile Beaches on Llanherne Peninsula east of Hobart.

BirdLife Tasmania consider horses to be as destructive as 4WDs and quad bikes on sandy beaches. We do not support the concept of "co-existence" - one can have horses or successfully-breeding Hooded Plovers and other beach-nesting shorebirds, but not both. We have seen extensive disturbance to beach-nesting shorebirds from horses on beaches elsewhere in Tasmania to support our position.

Recommendation 1. Given the recent listing of Hooded Plovers as Threatened under EPBC, BirdLife Tasmania urges PWS to immediately introduce a blanket ban on horses year-round on Baker Beach to protect Hooded Plovers (and other shorebird values).

Recommendation 2. In addition, BirdLife Tasmania urges PWS to immediately rezone Bakers Beach from Recreation Zone to Conservation Zone, and to manage it accordingly to protect Hooded Plover (EPBC Threatened Species).

2. Rubicon Estuary Important Bird Area (IBA)

An international program to identify areas of importance to birds was initiated by BirdLife International using standard, internationally-agreed and internationally-applied criteria for all area assessments. The Important Bird

and Biodiversity Area (IBA) Programme identifies, monitors and protects a global network of IBAs for the conservation of the world's birds and other wildlife.

Although bird faunas define each IBA in the network, the conservation and appropriate management of these areas will ensure the survival of a high number of other animal and plant species. IBAs are the sites critical to ensure the survival of viable populations of most of the world’s bird species. IBAs also support a large and representative proportion of other biodiversity, providing a holistic approach to conservation rather than the species-based approach that is more often used.

IBAs overlap with Ramsar sites and their criteria for selection, but the IBA selection criteria include all species of birds not just waterbirds. Briefly, the criteria used to identify IBAs are:

1. Globally threatened species (where the site is known or thought regularly to hold significant numbers of a globally threatened species, or other species of global conservation concern),

2. Restricted-range species (where the site is known or thought to hold a significant component of a group of species whose breeding distributions are constrained, such as endemic species),

3. Biome-restricted species (where the site is known or thought to hold a significant component of the group of species whose distributions are largely or wholly confined to one biome), and

4. Congregatory species (where the site supports >1% or >20,000 individuals of congregatory species of waterbirds, seabirds or terrestrial species).

To date, approximately 12,000 IBAs have been identified around the world, and they represent the largest global network of important sites for biodiversity. Full details and descriptions are available at http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/ibacritglob

The identification of Australian IBAs was undertaken by BirdLife Australia and all state branches, applying the international criteria to existing survey data. Full details of the project are available at http://birdlife.org.au/projects/important-bird-areas and http://www.birdlife.org.au/projects/important-bird-areas/iba-maps for details of the Rubicon Estuary IBA.

The Rubicon Estuary supports more than 1% of the world population of Pied

Oystercatcher and smaller numbers of other wader species. A full description of the bird values and threats is shown in Appendix 2. With more than 1% of the world population of Pied Oystercatchers, the Rubicon Estuary is of international significance year-round for the species.

Recommendation 3. BirdLife Tasmania urges PWS to immediately rezone the foreshore from Griffiths Point to Bakers Point to the park boundary at the eastern most point of NE Arm from Recreation Zone to Conservation Zone, and to manage it accordingly to protect the internationally significant High Conservation Values (Pied Oystercatcher) values present in the Rubicon Estuary IBA (Appendices 1 and 2).

3. Subtropical and temperate coastal saltmarsh

A glaring and troubling omission is any reference to EPBC listed threatened vegetation community, Subtropical and temperate coastal saltmarsh that was listed as Vulnerable vegetation community on 10 Aug 2013. Details of the Conservation advice and associated information are at https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicshowcommunity.pl?id=118

Of direct relevance to the proposed Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Draft Management Plan 2015 is the following extract from Conservation Advice (http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/ threatened/communities/pubs/118-conservation-advice.pdf), pp 32-33:

Tasmania

Tasmania has classified its vegetation state-wide through the Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring & Mapping Program (TASVEG) (Harris and Kitchener, 2005; DPIPWE, 2013). Four TASVEG units correspond with the Coastal Saltmarsh ecological community in Tasmania. These are:

• AHS Saline aquatic herbland; • ARS Saline sedgeland/rushland; • ASS Succulent saline herbland; and • AUS Saltmarsh (undifferentiated). The AUS unit is a generic one that recognises saltmarsh as present but has not yet been classified into one of the other three saline vegetation types.

Note that these vegetation units extend inland from the coast and include occurrences that fall outside of the tidal influence that characterises the Coastal Saltmarsh ecological community. These patches fall outside the definition of the national Coastal Saltmarsh ecological community.

Tasmania formally lists native vegetation communities as threatened under Schedule 3A of the Nature Conservation Act 2002. The list of threatened communities currently does not include coastal saltmarshes as a distinct threatened community. However, the Saline aquatic herbland (AHS) TASVEG unit is listed as part of a broad ‘Wetlands’ vegetation community.

Appendix 1 shows the extent of ASS Succulent saline herbland (DPIPWE TasVeg 3) that is included in EPBC Subtropical and temperate coastal saltmarsh (see https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicshowcommunity.pl?id=118)

This area in Narawntapu National Park is presently zoned Recreation Zone, allowing for a range of activities to be undertaken that pose potential and real risks to the succulent saline herbland present.

Recommendation 4. BirdLife Tasmania urges PWS to immediately rezone the foreshore from Griffiths Point to Bakers Point to the park boundary at the eastern most point of NE Arm from Recreation and Visitor Services Zones to Conservation Zone, and to manage it accordingly to protect the ASS Succulent saline herbfield areas present in recognition of this being an EPBC- listed threatened vegetation community.

4. Protection of breeding seabirds on islands The small islands in the Rubicon Estuary and eastward of Point Sorell (The Carbuncles, Penguin Island, Rabbit Island, Shell Islands) are subjected to varying degrees of disturbance. Penguin Island is accessible on foot at low tide, and dog walkers are frequently observed to take their dogs onto the island. There are nesting Silver Gulls on the island, and the island formerly supported a Crested Tern breeding colony.

Little Penguins have been recorded to breed on The Carbuncles and Penguin Island (DPIPWE, OSRA data), but there are no contemporary data on population status or trends. It is likely with the high levels of disturbance that Little Penguins no longer breed on Penguin Island.

Recommendation 5. BirdLife Tasmania urges PWS to immediately increase protection to the breeding seabirds and other bird species present on the small islands in the Rubicon Estuary and eastward of Point Sorell (The Carbuncles, Penguin Island, Rabbit Island, Shell Islands) in light of the high levels of disturbance from dog walkers.

5. Invasive coastal plant species

Extensive areas of Sea Spurge Euphorbia paralias are present in the Narawntapu National Park. Rice Grass Spartina anglica is also present. What measures are in place to prevent their spread along coastal areas? Both species have the potential to fragment and alienate coastal feeding and roosting habitats used by resident and migratory shorebirds, and seabirds.

Recommendation 6. BirdLife Tasmania urges PWS to eradicate Rice Grass and Sea Spurge from critical feeding, roosting and potential nesting areas used by resident and migratory shorebirds, and seabirds.

6. Updated bird list for NNP

BirdLife Tasmania has an extensive database of sightings for the state, including the Narawntapu National Park. Based on a polygon around Narawntapu National Park and extending slightly out to sea, a total of 167 species has been recorded, as of December 2015. The updated list is presented in Appendix 3. PWS is welcome to adopt this list with acknowledgement of BirdLife Tasmania as the source.

Conclusion and list of recommendations

BirdLife Tasmania opposes alteration of the Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Management Plan 2000 to facilitate commercial private-sector interests.

The current National Parks and Reserve Estate in Tasmania were established to protect Tasmania’s biodiversity, cultural and natural heritages. Diminution of the Management Plan for a National Park to facilitate commercial interests that over-ride the conservation of natural heritage values, and allows for commercial activities that are destructive to biodiversity values is inappropriate and unacceptable.

BirdLife Tasmania understands that the current proposal by Cradle Country Adventures has been modified from the EOI information publically available on the Coordinator-General’s webpage (http://cg.tas.gov.au/?a=115554). We understand a number of routes/tracks have been altered and/or removed.

This is the private-sector commercial proposal driving the proposed changes to the Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Management Plan 2000. How can the public be expected to make informed representations when the information available in the public domain is no longer relevant?

The proposed Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Draft Management Plan 2015 does not constitute best practice in managing threats to breeding and non-breeding coastal birds, or to a threatened saltmarsh community or to an internationally-significant estuary.

BirdLife Tasmania rejects the proposed alteration to the Narawntapu National Park, Hawley Nature Reserve Management Plan 2000 and urges the Tasmanian Government to actively protect EPBC-listed species and communities by managing the values recognised to be present in the National Park.

Management of the Narawntapu National Park would be improved if the following recommendations were adopted:

Appendix 1. Coastal avian values of Narawntapu National Park.

Map showing the distribution of breeding territories of Pied Oystercatcher (red symbols), Sooty Oystercatcher (yellow) and Hooded Plover (black) in Narawntapu National Park in 2009/10 and 2014/15 (BirdLife Tasmania survey data).

The Rubicon Estuary Important Bird Area is shown in purple cross-hatching.

The orange/yellow polygon adjacent to North East Arm is ASS Succulent saline herbland (DPIPWE TasVeg 3) that is included in EPBC Subtropical and temperate coastal saltmarsh, a listed threatened vegetation community (see https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicshowcommunity.pl?id=118)

Appendix 2 – Rubicon Estuary Important Bird Area (IBA) description.

Rubicon Estuary

Country/Territory Australia Administrative region(s) Tasmania Central coordinates 146O 34.55' East 41O 10.88' South Area 1391 ha Delineation status 4. refined polygon Delineation notes Endemic Bird Area(s) Biome(s) Altitude 0 - 2m Qualification status confirmed Criteria A4i Year of assessment 2008 Criteria notes LF 3/3/09 Other notes

Summary The Rubicon Estuary supports more than 1% of the world population of Pied Oystercatcher and smaller numbers of other wader species.

Site description This extensive estuarine area is on the central coast of northern Tasmania, 20 km west of the Tamar Estuary. It is bounded by the burgeoning residential complex of Port Sorell, Hawley Beach, Shearwater and Squeaking Point to the west, Narawntapu National Park to the north-east and grazing pasture to the east and south. The IBA is defined as the estuary up to the high-water mark, extending up the creeks as far as Pied Oystercatcher are found in reasonable numbers. Much of the estuarine shore has informal reserve status. The estuary has a shallow muddy substrate and is fed by a number of small streams, including the Rubicon River and Franklin Rivulet, which drain catchments of grazing pasture, forestry plantation and native production forest.

Habitat Habitat detail Level/percentag e cover Coastline Estuarine waters 100%

Land-use Level/percentage cover fisheries/aquaculture major nature conservation and research major tourism/recreation major Notes: area designated for jet skis in the northern part of the IBA

urban/industrial/transport minor

Land ownership: state Tasmanian State Government.

Ornithological information The Eastern Curlew population is one of only four in Tasmania and all of these continue to decline. Numbers of this Palaearctic migrant at the Rubicon Estuary have declined from hundreds in the 1960s to only 18 in summer 2007/2008. Locally-significant numbers of Flame Robins (e.g. 44 on 22 Aug 2004 and 34 on 18 Jul 2007) have been recorded in damp grassland just outside the IBA (P. & H. Britton pers. comm. 2008). One sighting of a Striated Fieldwren reported in Atlas of Australian Birds surveys from 1998 to 2008 (Atlas of Australian Birds database).

Species Season Year Abundance Min-Max Quality Criteria Pied non-breeding 2000 - 270 - 330 - A4i Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris Population notes: Counts include 251 on 10 Feb 2005 and 197 on 23 Mar 2004 from Port Sorell jetty (H. Simco pers. comm. 2008); 270 on 10 Feb 2002, 290 on 13 Feb 2008 and 330 on 28 Mar 2008 in more complete counts from the eastern shore (P. and H. Britton pers. comm. 2008). This species may nest in the IBA but breeding numbers are likely to be minimal.

Threats The Rice Grass Task Force must continue to monitor and control spread of severe infestations upstream.

Protection status The IBA overlaps with Narawntapu National Park and Port Sorell Conservation Area. Protected area Relationship Overlap (ha) Designation (extent in ha) Narawntapu protected area 306 National Park overlaps with site Port Sorell protected area 16 Conservation overlaps with site Area

Conservation responses Waders are regularly counted throughout the year at North East Arm, Narawntapu National Park. As part of a national monitoring programme, numbers are counted each February and July.

Acknowledgements The nomination was prepared by Peter Britton. Hazel Britton has assisted with field work and contributed significantly in the

development of this nomination. Thanks to Cradle Coast NRM and to James Shaddick, in particular, for creating and supplying a suitably layered Rubicon Estuary map for use in the field. Anthony Timmerman and other staff at Narawntapu National Park continue to have an important management/conservation role at North East Arm.

References DPIW (2008) About rice grass. http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/webpages/alir-4z57mw?open Accessed 7 April 2008.

Citation BirdLife International 2007 BirdLife's online World Bird Database: the site for bird conservation. Version 2.1. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Available: http://www.birdlife.org (printed 23rd August 2010)

Appendix 3. Updated bird list for Narawntapu National Park, based on BirdLife Tasmania database, extracted December 2015 (n = 167 species).

Scientific name Common name Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza ewingii Tasmanian Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla Brown Thornbill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern Spinebill Acanthornis magnus Scrubtit Accipiter cirrhocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae Grey Goshawk Acrocephalus stentoreus Clamorous Reed-Warbler Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Alauda arvensis Skylark Anas castanea Chestnut Teal Anas gracilis Grey Teal Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Anas rhynchotis Australasian Shoveler Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck Anthochaera chrysoptera Little Wattlebird Anthochaera paradoxa Yellow Wattlebird Anthus novaeseelandiae Richard's Pipit Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle Ardea alba Great Egret Ardea ibis Cattle Egret Ardea pacifica White-necked Heron Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow Aythya australis Hardhead Biziura lobata Musk Duck Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua roseicapilla Galah Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo Calamanthus fuliginosus Striated Fieldwren Calidris acuminata Sharp-Tailed Sandpiper Calidris alba Sanderling Calidris canutus Red Knot Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ruficollis Red-Necked Stint Calyptorhynchus funereus Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Capella hardwickii Latham's Snipe Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch

Carduelis chloris European Greenfinch Cereopsis novaehollandiae Cape Barren Goose Charadrius bicinctus Double-banded Plover Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sand Plover Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover Chenonetta jubata Australian Wood Duck Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Cinclosoma punctatum Spotted Quail-thrush Circus approximans Swamp Harrier Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush Columba livia Rock Dove Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike Corvus tasmanicus Forest Raven Coturnix ypsilophora Brown Quail Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird Cuculus pallidus Pallid Cuckoo Cygnus atratus Black Swan Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra Egretta garzetta Little Egret Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron Elseyornis melanops Black-fronted Dotterel Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat Eudyptula minor Little Penguin Falco berigora Brown Falcon Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel Falco longipennis Australian Hobby Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Fulica atra Eurasian Coot Gallinula mortierii Tasmanian Native-hen Gallinula tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris Pied Oystercatcher Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite Halobaena caerulea Blue Petrel Heteroscelus brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow Hirundo nigricans Tree Martin Larus dominicanus Kelp Gull Larus novaehollandiae Silver Gull Larus pacificus Pacific Gull

Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot Lichenostomus flavicollis Yellow-throated Honeyeater Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird Melanodryas vittata Dusky Robin Melithreptus affinis Black-headed Honeyeater Melithreptus validirostris Strong-billed Honeyeater Morus serrator Australasian Gannet Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher Neophema chrysostoma Blue-winged Parrot Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Nycticorax caledonicus Nankeen Night Heron Oxyura australis Blue-billed Duck Pachycephala olivacea Olive Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler Pardalotus punctatus Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote Passer domesticus House Sparrow Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl Pelecanoides urinatrix Common Diving-Petrel Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican Petroica multicolor Scarlet Robin Petroica phoenicea Flame Robin Petroica rodinogaster Pink Robin Pezoporus wallicus Ground Parrot Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscescens Black-faced Cormorant Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius Pied Cormorant Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing Phaps elegans Brush Bronzewing Phylidonyris melanops Tawny-crowned Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera Crescent Honeyeater Platycercus caledonicus Green Rosella Platycercus eximius Eastern Rosella Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe

Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen Pterodroma macroptera Great-winged Petrel Puffinus gavia Fluttering Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Short-tailed Shearwater Rallus pectoralis Lewin's Rail Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail Sericornis frontalis White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis humilis Tasmanian Scrubwren Stagonopleura bella Beautiful Firetail Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Jaeger Sterna albifrons Little Tern Sterna bergii Crested Tern Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Sterna nereis Fairy Tern Sterna striata White-fronted Tern Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck Stipiturus malachurus Southern Emu-wren Strepera fuliginosa Black Currawong Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe Tadorna tadornoides Australian Shelduck Thalassarche bulleri Buller's Albatross Thalassarche cauta Shy Albatross Thalassarche melanophrys Black-browed Albatross Thinornis rubricollis Hooded Plover Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Turdus merula Common Blackbird Turnix varia Painted Button-quail Tyto novaehollandiae Masked Owl Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing Vanellus tricolor Banded Lapwing Zoothera lunulata Bassian Thrush Zosterops lateralis Silvereye