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A La Découverte De L'histoire D'ixelles Recherches et rédaction : Michel HAINAUT et Philippe BOVY Documents d’archives et photographies : CERCLE D'HISTOIRE LOCALE D'IXELLES Réalisation : Yves de JONGHE d’ARDOYE, Laurence MONTENS D’OOSTERWYCK Bourgmestre, Impression : Imprimerie communale d’Ixelles Député bruxellois Ce fascicule a été élaboré Marinette DE CLOEDT, en collaboration avec : Échevin de la Culture, LE CERCLE D’HISTOIRE LOCALE D’IXELLES asbl Si vous souhaitez recevoir les premières Paul VAN GOSSUM, promenades de la série Échevin de l’Information et des ou vous inscrire pour les suivantes: - contactez Paul VAN GOSSUM Relations avec le Citoyen Echevin de l’Information 168, chaussée d’Ixelles et les membres du 1050 Bruxelles Collège échevinal tél. 02/515.61.90 - fax: 02/515.61.92; - ou venez chercher votre copie à la Maison communale. vous proposent une promenade: Si vous vous intéressez au passé d’Ixelles, prenez contact avec le Cercle d’histoire locale d'Ixelles au 02/515.64.11 du lundi au vendredi de 9h à 12h et de 14h à 16h À la découverte Couverture avant: Edmond De Pratere, La Porte de Namur sous la neige (vers 1886) (coll. Musée communal). Couverture arrière: un détail de la fontaine De Brouckère. de l’histoire d’Ixelles (7) Porte de Namur Éditeur responsable: Paul VANÉditeur responsable: GOSSUM, Échevin de l’Information - avril 2000. L'intitulé de cette pro- 1 La Porte de Namur menade, un peu trom- peur sans être men- Si ce grand carrefour seconde, plus bas en songer, évoque deux n'est plus, de nos jours, direction de la Ville, au constructions contrôlé par aucune carrefour des actuelles anciennes mais aujour- porte, ses alentours rues de Namur et d'hui disparues. Elles connurent en réalité Brederode. Toutes ont durablement frap- deux authentiques deux, édifiées l'une au pé les imaginations points de passage forti- XIIIe siècle, l'autre au puisque le quartier en fiés, appelés portes du XIVe siècle, faisaient a conservé le nom. Il Coudenberg, du nom partie de la seconde n'en va pas pas de du plateau formé par enceinte de Bruxelles. même des autres les actuelles places La plus ancienne portes qui jalonnaient Royale et des Palais. consistait en deux la seconde enceinte de Les ducs de Brabant tours jumelles, la plus la Ville. Pour le lecteur avaient installé là leur récente se dressait d’un d'âge posé, la Porte de résidence vers 1200. bloc, massive et carrée. Namur est encore Elle fut détruite par un Entre les deux s'était synonyme d'anima- incendie en 1731. développé un quartier tion commerciale, de dit "d'entre deux portes", luxe, de fête et de vie La porte la plus proche aux abords du sommet nocturne. Boutiques, d'Ixelles, dite nouvelle de la rue de Namur. grands magasins répu- porte du Coudenberg, tés, cafés, théâtres et L’ancienne Porte de Namur: se trouvait à hauteur dessin anonyme d’après Paul cinémas contribuèrent de l'axe de l'avenue de Vitzhumb (1751-1838), dessina- longtemps à entretenir, la Toison d'Or et la teur et musicien (coll. M.H.) à l'échelle bruxelloise, cette effervescence relevée d'esprit que les Parisiens nomment l'esprit boulevardier. Le présent fascicule mènera le lecteur-pro- meneur plus loin, au long des rues qui bor- dent le côté droit de la chaussée d'Ixelles. 2 27 la seule à acheter une sée, du panthéisme Ces deux ouvrages toile à Van Gogh du magnifique d'un militaires tinrent effec- vivant de celui-ci, les Daubigny". Le compli- tivement un rôle "Vignes rouges", visible ment n'était pas mince. défensif. Le 16 sep- au Musée de Les deux hommes tembre 1581 par l'Ermitage à Saint- sympathisèrent et le exemple, les Ixellois se Pétersbourg. Isidore peintre a laissé de réfugièrent derrière les Verheyden (1846-1905) l'homme de lettres un remparts alors que les représenta plusieurs portrait dit "à la pelis- troupes d'Alexandre fois Anna Boch. se" ainsi qu'une figura- Farnèse, lors des tion du braconnier guerres de religion, Son œuvre est conser- Cachaprès, protagonis- ravageaient le village Porte de Namur: perspective des boulevards vers le nord (coll. M.H.) vée dans plusieurs te du roman de d'Ixelles-le Vicomte. musées belges, dont le Lemonnier intitulé "Un Suite aux campagnes avant de la Porte de pansion urbaine, avec musée communal. Il Mâle". répétées de Louis XIV Hal, sur les hauteurs ses remparts désor- s'installa en 1883 au dans nos régions - de Saint-Gilles, une mais inutiles, fut mise n° 15 de la rue qui Bruxelles fut particu- citadelle à quatre bas- en vente et finalement porte son nom dans lièrement menacée tions qu'on désigne démolie en 1785. une habitation compre- entre 1668 et 1695- le encore sous le nom de L'explosion des mines nant un atelier occupé comte de Monterey, "Fort Monterey". n'émut que les rive- de nos jours par un gouverneur des Pays- rains en vie sans trou- architecte. L'ensemble Bas fit renforcer les for- Au XVIIIe siècle, les bler le repos des a été récemment classé. tifications de la secon- deux portes de Namur défunts inhumés dans de porte par un bastion avaient perdu leur le cimetière voisin. Sa À propos de à la Vauban qui s'éten- fonction défensive en démolition suscita, Verheyden, Camille dait jusqu'à l'intersec- raison des progrès de comme c'était prévi- Lemonnier, dans "l'É- tion des chaussées de l'artillerie et des imper- sible, l'urbanisation cole belge de Peinture", Wavre et d'Ixelles. Le fections de leur rapide du haut s'exprime en ces toponyme du square conception. La seconde d'Ixelles. Corneille termes: "Une sève l'asso- du Bastion rappelle la porte devint bâtiment Joseph Francart, dont cia au miracle renouvelé présence de cette avan- d'octroi. Entre-temps, une rue du quartier des saisons. Lui aussi cée dont des vues ces constructions évoque le souvenir, put vécut près du cœur de la aériennes anciennes s'étaient dégradées et alors faire lotir les ter- terre et il l'exprima dans confirment l'existence. la plus ancienne fut rains avoisinants dont son énergie plus que dans Monterey, qui s'attacha jetée bas en 1754. Sa il s'était porté acqué- ses grâces." Et de à définir un plan de cadette, que l'empe- reur avec clairvoyance. conclure: "J'aime à le défense concerté de la reur Joseph II tenait Un nommé Bernard de rapprocher, dans ma pen- Ville, fit aussi élever, en pour un obstacle à l'ex- Neyer procéda de 26 3 même entre les futures plan de transformation empierrée dès 1459. En La rue Isidore Beaux-Arts que fré- avenue de la Toison de l'ouvrage en école 1554, on la prolongea 11 quentaient aussi d'Or et rue de Stassart. militaire mais le projet par la chaussée de Verheyden Constantin Meunier Vers 1812, les abords n'aboutit pas, sinon Vleurgat, complétée (1831-1905) et Alfred de la porte disparue plus tard, en 1834, ultérieurement par la Cette courte voie Verwée (1838-1905). étaient entièrement dans le bas de la rue de partie uccloise de la évoque le souvenir Influencé lui aussi par bâtis. En revanche, le Namur. On poursuivit route de Waterloo. d'un artiste peintre. l'esthétique des site des actuels boule- les travaux entamés au L'ensemble constitua la impressionnistes fran- vards de petite ceintu- bastion à partir de "chaussée wallonne". Formé par son père çais, il compta parmi re offrait un aspect 1829, sous l'impulsion Précisons que la partie François et sous la les familiers d'Anna ruiné et désolant. Il y d'un réfugié italien, inférieure de la chaus- férule de Joseph (1848-1933) et fut remédié en 1823 Pietro Gaggia, désireux sée de Waterloo, de la Quinaux (1822-1895) à d'Eugène Boch (1855- Isidore Verheyden quand on y traça de d'y ouvrir un établisse- Porte de Hal à Vleurgat l'Académie de 1941) qui avaient ren- par Henri Quittelier. larges artères, l'une ment d'enseignement ne fut percée comme Bruxelles, il trouva sa contré Vincent Van dédiée à la victoire général. Cette institu- telle que sous le régime voie en l'atelier de Gogh en 1888 lors d'un d'Ixelles et plus tard alliée de Waterloo en tion privée, d'excellen- autrichien. La chaussée Jean-François Portaels séjour en Provence rue de l'Abbaye, était 1815, l'autre célébrant te réputation, ferma de Wavre porta succes- (1818-1895). Membre apparentée aux fabri- l'ordre de la Toison ses portes en 1847 mais sivement les noms de des XX, il se rapprocha Anna Boch, domiciliée cants de faïence d'Or à partir de 1851. après un lustre d'occu- chaussée d'Etterbeek de la Société libre des en bordure des Étangs Villeroy et Boch, et fut Des pavillons d'octroi pation manufacturière, puis de Tervueren. Ses dus à l'architecte les bâtiments retrouvè- premiers tronçons Auguste Payen (1801- rent leur vocation d'en- n'étaient guère jalonnés 1877), qui flanquaient seignement sous l'égi- que de guinguettes et une grille, furent de du sieur Désiré de relais: "le Petit construits en 1836 et Vallée. Enfin, en 1867, Lattis", "la Rose déplacés en 1861 à l'en- après travaux de res- Blanche", "le Mayeur"... trée du Bois de la tauration, d'appropria- Les marchands venus Cambre où ils sont tou- tion et de décoration, vendre leurs produits jours visibles aujour- les lieux connurent en ville y dételaient d'hui. leur affectation défini- ânes ou chevaux afin tive à l'initiative d'un d'acquitter à l'octroi Le bastion, lui, n' avait dénommé Gil Naza. Ce une taxe inférieure à pas été miné.
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