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Derecho, Moral Y Política UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOSOFÍA DEL DERECHO, MORAL Y POLÍTICA DOCTORADO EN DERECHOS HUMANOS, PAZ Y DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE TESIS: “BASES PARA UNA TEORÍA DEL PLURALISMO JURÍDICO. EL RECONOCIMIENTO DEL DERECHO INDÍGENA EN GUERRERO, MÉXICO”. DOCTORANDO: JOAQUÍN MORALES SÁNCHEZ DIRECTOR: DR. JESÚS BALLESTEROS LLOMPART VALENCIA, ESPAÑA, 2013. II ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS .........................................................................................................- 9 - PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ............................................................................... - 11 - METODOLOGÍA EMPLEADA ........................................................................................... - 12 - INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ............................................................................................ - 15 - CAPÍTULO I ¿QUÉ ES EL DERECHO? 1. Nociones del derecho ................................................................................................... - 21 - 1.1. Iusnaturalismo ........................................................................................................ - 24 - 1.2. Iuspositivismo ......................................................................................................... - 27 - 1.3. Iusrealismo ............................................................................................................. - 36 - 2. Una perspectiva pluralista del derecho ......................................................................... - 43 - 3. Aspectos necesarios para formular una noción de derecho desde una perspectiva pluralista. .......................................................................................................................... - 54 - 3.1. Comunidad, sociedad, Estado-Nación: grupo social o sociedad. ............................ - 54 - 3.1.1. ¿Quién crea el derecho? .................................................................................. - 54 - 3.1.2. Características obligatorias de un grupo social o sociedad. ............................. - 59 - 3.1.3. Hacia una definición de grupo social o sociedad. ............................................. - 61 - 3.2. Normas................................................................................................................... - 62 - 3.3. Cumplimiento ......................................................................................................... - 80 - 4. Grupo social: Creador del derecho. .............................................................................. - 83 - 5. Rumbo una concepción plural del derecho (Iuspluralismo) ........................................... - 86 - CAPÍTULO II DERECHO: SISTEMA JURÍDICO 1. Sistema. ........................................................................................................................ - 95 - 1.1. Generalidades de la Teoría de Sistemas. ............................................................... - 95 - 1.2. Teoría de sistemas de Manuel Martín Serrano ..................................................... - 101 - 1.2.1. El sistema. ..................................................................................................... - 101 - 1.2.2. Concepto de organización. ............................................................................ - 102 - 1.2.3. La selección de los elementos componentes del sistema. ............................. - 103 - 1.2.4. Distinción entre los elementos componentes de un sistema. ......................... - 105 - 1.2.5. Relaciones entre los elementos componentes de un sistema. ....................... - 106 - 1.3. Aproximación al concepto de sistema .................................................................. - 108 - 2. Sistema Jurídico ......................................................................................................... - 110 - 2.1. El derecho: ¿sistema jurídico? ............................................................................. - 110 - 2.1.1. Algunas nociones generales de sistema jurídico ............................................ - 111 - 2.1.2. Sistema jurídico en el iusnaturalismo y en el iuspositivismo. .......................... - 115 - 2.1.3. Sistema Jurídico en Hans Kelsen y Joseph Raz ............................................ - 122 - 2.2. Sistema jurídico con base en la teoría de los sistemas ......................................... - 129 - 2.3. Elementos componentes del sistema jurídico. ...................................................... - 130 - 2.3.1. Elementos obligatorios del sistema jurídico .................................................... - 131 - 2.3.2. Elementos optativos del sistema jurídico ....................................................... - 133 - III 2.4. Distinciones entre elementos del sistema jurídico. ............................................... - 137 - 2.4.1 Estructural. ...................................................................................................... - 137 - 2.4.2 Funcional. ....................................................................................................... - 138 - 2.5. Tipo de relaciones en los elementos del sistema jurídico. .................................... - 139 - 2.5.1. Las relaciones solidarias en el sistema jurídico. ............................................. - 140 - 2.5.1. Las relaciones causales en el sistema jurídico. .............................................. - 142 - CAPÍTULO III PRÁCTICAS DE ZILACAYOTITLÁN: ¿SISTEMA JURÍDICO? 1. Situación general de México y Guerrero. .................................................................... - 149 - 2. El pueblo indígena/originario Me´phaa. ....................................................................... - 155 - 2.1. Antecedentes ....................................................................................................... - 156 - 2.2. Los me´phaa del sur o Yopes. .............................................................................. - 160 - 2.3. Los me´phaa del norte (tlapanecos). .................................................................... - 161 - 2.4. Los Me´phaa en la actualidad. .............................................................................. - 163 - 3. Comunidad de Huehuetepec ...................................................................................... - 163 - 3.1. Antecedentes de la comunidad de Huehuetepec .................................................. - 164 - 3.2. Significado y ubicación de Huehuetepec .............................................................. - 165 - 4. Zilacayotitlán ............................................................................................................... - 166 - 4.1. Antecedentes y significado de la comunidad de Zilacayotitlán .............................. - 166 - 4.2. Generalidades ...................................................................................................... - 168 - 4.3. Organización comunitaria actual........................................................................... - 173 - 4.3.1. Asamblea General Comunitaria y facultades. ................................................ - 173 - 4.3.2. Autoridades civiles ......................................................................................... - 174 - 4.3.3. Autoridades agrarias ...................................................................................... - 177 - 4.3.4. Autoridades religiosas .................................................................................... - 178 - 5.- Prácticas de Zilacayotitlán: ¿Derecho Me´phaa? ...................................................... - 178 - 5.1. Zilacayotitlán como grupo social. .......................................................................... - 179 - 5.2.- Normas de Zilacayotitlán ..................................................................................... - 179 - 5.2.1. Normas de organización de Zilacayotitlán. ..................................................... - 180 - 5.2.2. Normas de conducta de Zilacayotitlán ........................................................... - 181 - 5.2.3. Normas de solución y/o atención de conflictos ............................................... - 182 - 5.2.4. Normas mixtas y/u optativas .......................................................................... - 183 - 5.3. Cumplimiento de las normas de Zilacayotitlán ...................................................... - 184 - 6.- Zilacayotitlán: ¿Derecho indígena o simplemente derecho? ...................................... - 186 - 6.1. Algunas acepciones de Derecho Indígena. .......................................................... - 186 - 7.- Derecho Me´phaa de Zilacayotitlán: ¿Sistema jurídico? ............................................ - 190 - CAPÍTULO IV LA COORDINADORA REGIONAL DE AUTORIDADES COMUNITARIAS: ¿SISTEMA JURÍDICO? 1.- Algunos antecedentes de la CRAC. ........................................................................... - 192 - 2.- Comunidades que integran la CRAC ......................................................................... - 194 - 3.- Organización de la CRAC. ......................................................................................... - 198 - 3.1. Asamblea Regional .............................................................................................. - 199 - 3.2. Comité de la CRAC .............................................................................................. - 201 - 3.3. Comité ejecutivo de la policía comunitaria ...........................................................
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