Batatasin-III and the Allelopathic Capacity of Empetrum Nigrum
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Coptis Trifolia Conservation Assessment
CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT for Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Originally issued as Management Recommendations December 1998 Marty Stein Reconfigured-January 2005 Tracy L. Fuentes USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR COPTIS TRIFOLIA Table of Contents Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 4 I. NATURAL HISTORY............................................................................................................. 6 A. Taxonomy and Nomenclature.......................................................................................... 6 B. Species Description ........................................................................................................... 6 1. Morphology ................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reproductive Biology.................................................................................................... 7 3. Ecological Roles ............................................................................................................. 7 C. Range and Sites -
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Order Ericales S.L.: Analyses of Molecular Data from Five Genes from the Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes1
American Journal of Botany 89(4): 677±687. 2002. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ORDER ERICALES S.L.: ANALYSES OF MOLECULAR DATA FROM FIVE GENES FROM THE PLASTID AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES1 ARNE A. ANDERBERG,2,5 CATARINA RYDIN,3 AND MARI KAÈ LLERSJOÈ 4 2Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; 3Department of Systematic Botany, University of Stockholm, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; and 4Laboratory for Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phylogenetic interrelationships in the enlarged order Ericales were investigated by jackknife analysis of a combination of DNA sequences from the plastid genes rbcL, ndhF, atpB, and the mitochondrial genes atp1 and matR. Several well-supported groups were identi®ed, but neither a combination of all gene sequences nor any one alone fully resolved the relationships between all major clades in Ericales. All investigated families except Theaceae were found to be monophyletic. Four families, Marcgraviaceae, Balsaminaceae, Pellicieraceae, and Tetrameristaceae form a monophyletic group that is the sister of the remaining families. On the next higher level, Fouquieriaceae and Polemoniaceae form a clade that is sister to the majority of families that form a group with eight supported clades between which the interrelationships are unresolved: Theaceae-Ternstroemioideae with Ficalhoa, Sladenia, and Pentaphylacaceae; Theaceae-Theoideae; Ebenaceae and Lissocarpaceae; Symplocaceae; Maesaceae, Theophrastaceae, Primulaceae, and Myrsinaceae; Styr- acaceae and Diapensiaceae; Lecythidaceae and Sapotaceae; Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, and Ericaceae. Key words: atpB; atp1; cladistics; DNA; Ericales; jackknife; matR; ndhF; phylogeny; rbcL. Understanding of phylogenetic relationships among angio- was available for them at the time, viz. -
Plant Defences at No Cost? the Recovery of Tundra Scrubland Following Heavy Grazing by Grey-Sided Voles, Myodes Rufocanus
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2009, 11: 1205–1216 Plant defences at no cost? The recovery of tundra scrubland following heavy grazing by grey-sided voles, Myodes rufocanus Jonas Dahlgren1,2, Lauri Oksanen3,4, Johan Olofsson1 and Tarja Oksanen1 1Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, 2Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 3Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland and 4Department of Natural Sciences, Finnmark University College, Alta, Norway ABSTRACT Background: Evergreen ericaceous dwarf shrubs form a dominating component of low arctic and low alpine vegetation. They typically produce high contents of secondary chemicals such as phenolics. The primary function of these chemicals may be to defend the shrubs by making them less palatable to herbivores. Question: Does the production of secondary chemicals carry a fitness cost in terms of low growth rate and, therefore, low capacity to recover from past herbivory? Methods: In 2000, we constructed vole-proof exclosures on low arctic islands where vegetation had, since 1991, been heavily impacted by grey-sided voles. In 2000 and 2003, we surveyed the vegetation of the exclosures, of unfenced plots on the same islands, and of control plots on a vole-free island. We used the point-frequency method for vegetation surveys. Results: In the exclosures, the biomasses of most plant species increased, by and large, at the same pace. The two woody species, which increased most rapidly, were the maximally palatable bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and the phenolics-laden, maximally unpalatable northern crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaprhoditum). The recovery rates of these species were similar. -
Impact of Climate Change on the Small Mammal Community of the Yukon
Integrative Zoology 2019; 14: 528–541 doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12397 1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 Impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the 7 8 8 9 Yukon boreal forest 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 Charles J. KREBS,1 Rudy BOONSTRA,2 B. Scott GILBERT,3 Alice J. KENNEY1 and Stan 13 14 14 4 15 BOUTIN 15 16 1Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2Department of Biological 16 17 Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3Renewable Resources Management Program, Yukon 17 18 18 College, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada and 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 Abstract 22 23 23 24 Long-term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if 24 25 change has occurred, why. We have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in 25 26 the boreal forest of the southern Yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3–5 unmanipulat- 26 27 ed grids in spring and autumn. This community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the ener- 27 28 gy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 1996, but this increased to 38% from 2003 28 29 to 2014. Small mammals, although small in size, are large in the transfer of energy from plants to predators and 29 30 decomposers. -
Climate Change Affecting Dwarf Shrubs from Temperate and Arctic Ecosystems: an Experimental Approach Buizer, D.A.G
VU Research Portal Climate change affecting dwarf shrubs from temperate and Arctic ecosystems: an experimental approach Buizer, D.A.G. 2013 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Buizer, D. A. G. (2013). Climate change affecting dwarf shrubs from temperate and Arctic ecosystems: an experimental approach. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 Climate change affecting dwarf shrubs from temperate and Arctic ecosystems: an experimental approach Voor Nelleke VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Climate change affecting dwarf shrubs from temperate and Arctic ecosystems: an experimental approach ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. F.A. van der Duyn Schouten, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen op vrijdag 13 september 2013 om 11.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Dingeman Albert Gerrit Buizer geboren te Bergen promotor: prof.dr. -
Factors Contributing to Human Injuries and Fatalities Inflicted by Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos) in Russia, 1932-2017
Master’s Thesis 2018 60 ECTS Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Factors contributing to human injuries and fatalities inflicted by brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Russia, 1932-2017 Svitlana Kudrenko Master in Ecology Preface This study was conducted at the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). I wish to express my warmest gratitude to my supervisors Jon Swenson and Andrés Ordiz for making this study happen. I appreciate their support of this terrifying thesis, which remains as captivating as the species studied. I have been fortunate to have their supervision and guidance through this process. They have graciously allowed me the opportunity to present a poster on this research at the 26th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. I would also like to thank IBA Travel Grants Committee for providing a travel grant to attend this conference. I wish to thank Leonid Baskin for providing valuable information on brown bear ecology, human-bear conflict in Russia, hunters’ surveys on bear encounters, as well as for the feedback that has improved the manuscript. Many thanks to Svetalna Barysheva for sharing the dataset on brown bear attacks. I am also grateful to: Mahdieh Tourani, Richard Bischof, and Ross Wetherbee for valuable tips about data analysis and visualization, as well as to the staff at the NBMU Library for ordering literature from abroad and helping me with editing Russian references. Ås, 05.12.2018 ………………………………………………………. Svitlana Kudrenko i Abstract In this thesis, I have compiled, summarized, and reviewed 322 cases of people killed and injured by brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Russia from 1932 to 2017. -
Acadian-Appalachian Alpine Tundra
Acadian-Appalachian Alpine Tundra Macrogroup: Alpine yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Josh Royte (The Nature Conservancy, Maine) Description: A sparsely vegetated system near or above treeline in the Northern Appalachian Mountains, dominated by lichens, dwarf-shrubland, and sedges. At the highest elevations, the dominant plants are dwarf heaths such as alpine bilberry and cushion-plants such as diapensia. Bigelow’s sedge is characteristic. Wetland depressions, such as small alpine bogs and rare sloping fens, may be found within the surrounding upland matrix. In the lower subalpine zone, deciduous shrubs such as nannyberry provide cover in somewhat protected areas; dwarf heaths including crowberry, Labrador tea, sheep laurel, and lowbush blueberry, are typical. Nearer treeline, spruce and fir that State Distribution: ME, NH, NY, VT have become progressively more stunted as exposure increases may form nearly impenetrable krummholz. Total Habitat Acreage: 8,185 Ecological Setting and Natural Processes: Percent Conserved: 98.1% High winds, snow and ice, cloud-cover fog, and intense State State GAP 1&2 GAP 3 Unsecured summer sun exposure are common and control ecosystem State Habitat % Acreage (acres) (acres) (acres) dynamics. Found mostly above 4000' in the northern part of NH 51% 4,160 4,126 0 34 our region, alpine tundra may also occur in small patches on ME 44% 3,624 2,510 1,082 33 lower ridgelines and summits and at lower elevations near the Atlantic coast. NY 3% 285 194 0 91 VT 1% 115 115 0 0 Similar Habitat Types: Acadian-Appalachian Montane Spruce-Fir-Hardwood Forests typically occur downslope. -
Koryak Autonomous Okrug
CHUKOTKA Russian Far East Ayanka Severo-Kamchatsk Slautnoe Oklan MAGADAN Manily Kamenskoe Paren Talovka PENZHINSKY OLYUTORSKY Achavayam Verkhnie Pakhachi Srednie Pakhachi Khailino Pakhachi a Apuka e Tilichiki S Korf Vyvenka g k n s i t SKY Tymlat r ¯ o Lesnaya Ossora e h Karaga B km PALANA k 100 P! KARAGIN Karagin O Island Ivashka f Voyampolka o a Sedanka Tigil e TIGILSKY Map 9.1 S Kovran Ust-Khairyuzovo Koryak Autonomous Khairyuzovo Okrug 301,500 sq. km KORYAKIA KAMCHATKA By Newell and Zhou / Sources: Ministry of Natural Resources, 2002; ESRI, 2002. 312 Ⅲ THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Newell, J. 2004. The Russian Far East: A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development. McKinleyville, CA: Daniel & Daniel. 466 pages CHAPTER 9 Koryak Autonomous Okrug (Koryakia) Location The Koryak Autonomous Okrug (Koryakia) covers the northern two-thirds of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the adjoining mainland, and several islands, the largest of which is Karaginsky Island. The northern border with Chukotka and Magadan Oblast runs along the tops of ridges, marking Koryakia as a separate watershed from those territories. The southern border with Kamchatka Oblast marks the beginning of Eurasia’s most dramatic volcanic landscape. Size 301,500 sq. km, or about the size of the U.S. state of Arizona. Climate Koryakia’s subarctic climate is moderated by the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacifi c. January temperatures average about –25°c, and July temperatures average 10°c to 14°c. Average annual precipitation for the region is between 300 and 700 mm. Inland areas in the north have a more continental and drier climate, and areas around the Sea of Okhotsk tend to be cooler in winter and summer than those on the Pacifi c shore. -
49 Broom Crowberry
Broom Crowberry NS General Status Rank: Secure NS General Status Rank: Sensitive Water-willow opulation Range opulation P 49 Corema conradii SHRUBS : WOODY PLANTS SHRUBS : WOODY PLANTS Decodon verticillatus 50 POPULATION POPULATION RANGE RANGE Distribution: NS, NB, PE, QC Distribution: NS, NB, PE, QC, ON Flowering: March - May Flowering: July - August SIZE: Up to 50 cm tall and 2 m wide. SIZE: 1-3 m tall. LEAVES: Long and narrow (linear), LEAVES: Lance-shaped, 5-15 cm long no clear middle line on the undersides, and 1-4 cm wide with smooth edges and 3-6 mm long. They turn reddish and short pinkish-purple stalks. They brown in the winter. are paired on the stem (opposite) or in STEM: Brown, woody, branched, and groups of 3-4 in a circle around the slender. The branching pattern is stem (whorled). Leaves are bright distinctive, with many branches green, gradually turning red in late coming off near the same point summer and fall. creating a multiple circular (whorled) STEM: Slender with lengthwise ridges appearance. and somewhat woody near the base. FLOWERS: In clusters at the ends of The base is underwater or in saturated branches. Petals are absent. Male soil and is distinctly spongy. Stems are flowers are purplish and have 3-4 highly flexible, typically strongly © MEGAN CROWLEY anthers with long stalks (filaments). arching and will often root at the tips. Female flowers are small, brownish red They are yellowish or greenish-brown and with 2-9 protruding stigmas. gradually turning red later in late FRUITS: Dry, 3-seeded fleshy berry- summer. -
The Natural History of Tristan Da Cunha
The Natural History of Tristan da Cunha Paul Tyler and Alison Rothwell The Natural History of Tristan da Cunha Contents Page 1 Habitats Page 12 Birds Page 28 Marine Life Page 40 Landscape Paul Tyler and Alison Rothwell The Natural History of Tristan da Cunha 1 Habitats What is a habitat? What are the main habitats on A habitat describes the kind of place where Tristan? animals and plants live. The main habitats found on land on the main island There are different habitats in Tristan where you of Tristan are described in the following pages. They will find different kinds of animals and plants are mainly recognised by the kinds of plants that living. For instance at the patches you will find grow there. lots of farm grass, whereas up on the base there will be lots of bog ferns growing - these plants are different because they live under different conditions. What makes them different? Altitude - some plants can stand the cold better than others - the higher you go the colder it gets What makes habitats the way they are? Moisture - some plants do better in wet conditions than others The reason one habitat is different to another can depend on a number of things. For example, Shelter - Some plants such as trees prefer places some plants need shelter, some can’t survive where it’s not too windy being frozen, and some prefer very wet soil. So the plants that grow in a particular place Rock and soil type - some plants can live on bare will be those that are best able to survive the rock but most need some kind of soil conditions found there. -
Black Crowberry (Empetrum Nigrum) L
Conservation Assessment for Black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region March 2002 Hiawatha National Forest This document is undergoing peer review, comments welcome CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR BLACK CROWBERRY (EMPETRUM NIGRUM) L. 1 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service - Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR BLACK CROWBERRY (EMPETRUM NIGRUM) L. 1 Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 4 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY .................................................. 4 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES .................................................................... 5 HABITAT TYPES -
Changes in Species Abundance After Seven Years of Elevated
Changes in species abundance after seven years of elevated atmospheric CO2 and warming in a Subarctic birch forest understorey, as modified by rodent and moth outbreaks Brita M. Svensson1, Bengt Å. Carlsson1 and Jerry M. Melillo2 1 Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 2 The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA ABSTRACT A seven-year long, two-factorial experiment using elevated temperatures (5 ◦C) and CO2 (concentration doubled compared to ambient conditions) designed to test the effects of global climate change on plant community composition was set up in a Subarctic ecosystem in northernmost Sweden. Using point-frequency analyses in permanent plots, an increased abundance of the deciduous Vaccinium myrtillus, the evergreens V. vitis-idaea and Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum and the grass Avenella flexuosa was found in plots with elevated temperatures. We also observed a possibly transient community shift in the warmed plots, from the vegetation being dominated by the deciduous V. myrtillus to the evergreen V. vitis-idaea. This happened as a combined effect of V. myrtillus being heavily grazed during two events of herbivore attack—one vole outbreak (Clethrionomys rufocanus) followed by a more severe moth (Epirrita autumnata) outbreak that lasted for two growing seasons—producing a window of opportunity for V. vitis-idaea to utilize the extra light available as the abundance of V. myrtillus decreased, while at the same time benefitting from the increased growth in the warmed plots. Even though the effect of the herbivore attacks Submitted 12 October 2017 did not differ between treatments they may have obscured any additional treatment Accepted 7 May 2018 effects.