Overview of Vegetation Association Classification and Fact Sheets Vegetation Associations Are Part of the Yukon ELC Framework

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Overview of Vegetation Association Classification and Fact Sheets Vegetation associations are part of the Yukon ELC Framework. An association is a vegetation classification unit “defined on the basis of a characteristic range of species composition, diagnostic species occurrence, habitat conditions, and physiognomy”. They describe the current vegetation of Yukon and are specifically used to characterize the vegetation growing on a specific ecosite. However, they can also be used separately to describe vegetation (i.e., without the ecosite classification).

Canadian National Vegetation Classification, or CNVC (http://cnvc-cnvc.ca) system protocols are used to identify, name and describe vegetation associations and subassociations. The Yukon vegetation associations are sometimes at a different scale than the national associations. For example, a Yukon association is sometimes a national subassociation. This is a result of the process of development of national associations where existing vegetation types were correlated between jurisdictions so jurisdictional protocols sometimes had to be taken into account. Names and Codes Every vegetation association has a name and code. The names and codes are described briefly here— see Yukon Ecological and Landscape Classification and Mapping Guidelines for more detail.

Vegetation associations are named according to one or more dominant and/or indicator species. Species of different “layers” — i.e., tree, shrub, herb or moss/lichen — are separated by a forward slash (/). Species within the same layer are separated by an en dash (–). Vegetation subassociations are generally used to characterize variation in species composition that is not considered significant enough to be an association. A single species name is appended to the association to name the subassociation.

Each vegetation association is assigned an alphanumeric code. The alpha portion codes one or more species of the treed or non-treed vegetation overstorey. The numeric portion represents the soil moisture as a relative ranking. Subassociations (if used) are coded with a single, lower-case letter added to the association code.

The vegetation association/subassociation code can be appended to an ecosite code, to further describe the current vegetation conditions on an ecosite, or used separately (e.g., where ecosites have not yet be characterized). Fact Sheet Groupings At this time, vegetation association classification has been conducted for the treed vegetation of Yukon. Vegetation association descriptions (i.e, fact sheets) and identification tools (i.e., key and tables) have been prepared for select groupings of Yukon associations—based on overstory groupings. For each grouping, identification tools are presented, as follows:

1. Comparative vegetation summary tables. Vegetation tables are used to compare floristic features between associations. 2. Flowchart key to vegetation association. A flowchart key using diagnostic species is provided as an aid to identification of association. 3. Summary information table. A table comparing key site and vegetation features for each association is provided.

The fact sheets are two pages and are comprised of the following:

1. A concept statement: outlining the general ecological conditions and distribution for the association.

2. Description of vegetation: dominant, characteristic, and common associates along with comments on vegetation structure and variability are described.

3. Environment conditions: the dominant and characteristic site and soil conditions are described in this section.

4. Photo: selected image of a typical stand assigned to the association.

5. Range map: Shows locations of plots assigned to the unit.

6. Environment table: Specific values for selected environmental attributes.

7. Vegetation summary table: A formatted summary table listing species, both diagnostic species and others with high constancy—grouped by lifeform.

8. Other comments: includes CNVC association equivalent and key identification features for association. Limitations All available data was used to develop the classification and present the descriptions. Most association descriptions are based on a reasonable amount of plot data, but some are based on relatively few plots. In addition, in some associations, soils data is very limited and certain plant groups, e.g., bryophytes and willows, are often not identified to species. This limits the information presented for these units. Over time and where necessary, identified gaps will be filled in and updated with future revisions.

List of Yukon Treed Associations (26 July 2017) Code English Name Latin Name F ABIES LASIOCARPA (Subalpine fir) Abies lasiocarpa / Betula glandulosa / Empetrum F01 Fir / Shrub birch / Crowberry / Lichen nigrum / Cladina Fir / Shrub birch / Mountain heather / Abies lasiocarpa / Betula glandulosa / Cassiope F02 Lichen tetragona / Cladina Abies lasiocarpa / Betula glandulosa / Empetrum F05 Fir / Shrub birch / Crowberry / Haircap moss nigrum / Polytrichum juniperinum Fir / Crowberry / Mountain heather / Abies lasiocarpa / Empetrum nigrum / Cassiope F20 Feathermoss tetragona / Feathermoss Abies lasiocarpa / Juniperus communis / Empetrum F21 Fir / Juniper / Crowberry / Feathermoss nigrum / Feathermoss Abies lasiocarpa / Empetrum nigrum / Hylocomium F22 Fir / Crowberry / Feathermoss splendens; typic and Ribes subassoc. Fir / Willow / Mountain sagewort - Abies lasiocarpa / Salix spp. / Artemisia norvegica – F24 Monkshood Aconitum delphiniifolium F30 Fir / Swamp red currant / Feathermoss Abies lasiocarpa / Ribes triste / Feathermoss Abies lasiocarpa / Salix spp. / Empetrum nigrum – Fir / Willow / Crowberry - Sweet coltsfoot / Petasites frigidis / Hylocomium splendens – F32 Step moss - Glow moss Aulacomium palustre Abies lasiocarpa / Empetrum nigrum / Hylocomium F33 Fir / Crowberry / Step moss - Peat moss splendens – Sphagnum Abies lasiocarpa – Pinus contorta / Vaccinium FP21 Fir - Pine / Tall blueberry / Feathermoss membranaceum / Feathermoss ABIES LASIOCARPA (Subalpine fir) F Krummholz Fir / Crowberry - Mountain heather / Abies lasiocarpa / Empetrum nigrum - Cassiope F26 Feathermoss Krummholz tetragona / Feathermoss Krummholz F27 Fir / Feathermoss Krummholz Abies lasiocarpa / Feathermoss Krummholz Abies lasiocarpa / Salix spp. / Aconitium Fir / Willow / Monkshood - Arctic raspberry - delphiniifolium – Rubus arcticus – Polemonium F29 Tall Jacob's-ladder Krummholz acutiflorum Krummholz ABIES LASIOCARPA – PICEA GLAUCA FSw FPSw (Subalpine fir – White spruce) Fir - Pine - White spruce / Shrub birch / Abies lasiocarpa – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / FPSw01 Crowberry / Lichen Betula glandulosa / Empetrum nigrum / Cladina Fir - White spruce / Shrub birch / Crowberry Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa / FSw01 / Lichen Empetrum nigrum / Cladina Abies lasiocarpa – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / Fir - Pine - White spruce / Juniper - Soapberry Juniperus communis – Shepherdia canadensis / FPSw11 / Kinnikinnick / Reindeer lichen Arctostaphylos uva-ursi / Cladina Fir - Pine - White spruce / Shrub birch / Abies lasiocarpa – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / FPSw20 Crowberry / Feathermoss Betula glandulosa / Empetrum nigrum / Feathermoss Fir - White spruce / Shrub birch / Crowberry Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa / FSw20 / Feathermoss Empetrum nigrum / Feathermoss Fir - White spruce / Tall blueberry / Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca / Vaccinium FSw21 Feathermoss membranaceum / Feathermoss

Fir – White spruce / Crowberry / Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca / Empetrum nigrum / FSw22 Feathermoss Feathermoss Fir - White spruce / Shrub birch - Tall Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa – FSw25 blueberry / Feathermoss Vaccinium membranaceum / Feathermoss Fir - White spruce / Willow / Sweet coltsfoot Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca /Salix spp. / Petasites FSw32 / Step moss frigidis / Hylocomium splendens Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca /Alnus viridis / FSw33 Fir - White spruce / Alder / Step moss Hylocomium splendens Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa – Fir - White spruce / Shrub birch - Labrador Rhododendron groenlandicum/ Rubus chamaemorus / FSw35 tea / Cloudberry / Peat moss Sphagnum Abies lasiocarpa – Picea glauca /Ribes spp. / Fir - White spruce / Currant / Horsetail - Tall Equisetum spp. – Mertensia paniculata / Hylocomium FSw36 lungwort / Step moss splendens P PINUS CONTORTA (Lodgepole pine) P01 Pine / Kinnikinnick / Lichen Pinus contorta / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi / Cladina spp. P02 Pine / Kinnikinnick Pinus contorta / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi P10 Pine / Shrub birch / Lichen Pinus contorta / Betula glandulosa / Cladina spp. Pinus contorta / Vaccinium vitis-idaea – Linnaea P21 Pine / Lowbush cranberry - Twinflower borealis P22 Pine / Soapberry Pinus contorta / Shepherdia canadensis P23 Pine / Alder / Feathermoss Pinus contorta / Alnus viridis / Hylocomium splendens Pinus contorta / Alnus viridis - Rhododendron P24 Pine / Alder - Labrador tea / Feathermoss groenlandicum / Hylocomium splenden P25 Pine / Purple reedgrass Pinus contorta / Calamagrostis purpurescens Pine / Grass – Kinnikinnick – Lowbush Pinus contorta / Poaceae – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - P26 cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Pinus contorta / Rhododendron groenlandicum / P27 Pine / Labrador tea / Lowbush cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Pinus contorta / Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Hylocomium P28 Pine / Lowbush cranberry / Step moss splendens Pinus contorta / Rhododendron groenlandicum / P29 Pine / Labrador tea / Feathermoss Hylocomium splendens P30 Pine / Shrub birch / Altai fescue Pinus contorta / Betula glandulosa / Festuca altaica P31 Pine / Shrub birch / Feathermoss Pinus contorta / Betula glandulosa / Feathermoss PINUS CONTORTA - PICEA MARIANA PSb (Lodgepole pine - White spruce) Pinus contorta - Picea mariana / Betula glandulosa / PSb07 Pine - Black spruce / Shrub birch / Lichen Lichen Pine - Black spruce / Lowbush cranberry - Picea mariana – Pinus contorta / Vaccinium vitis-idaea PSb11 Kinnikinnick / Lichen – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi / Cladina spp. Picea mariana – Pinus contorta / Alnus viridis / PSb23 Pine – Black spruce / Alder / Feathermoss Feathermoss Pine – Black spruce / Labrador tea / Picea mariana – Pinus contorta / Rhododendron PSb25 Feathermoss groenlandicum / Feathermoss Pine - Black spruce / Lowbush cranberry / Pinus contorta – Picea mariana / Vaccinium vitis-idaea PSbSw03 Lichen / Cladina spp.

Pine – Black spruce – White spruce / Pinus contorta – Picea mariana (P. glauca) / PSbSw22 Lowbush cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Pinus contorta - Picea mariana (P. glauca) / Vaccinium Pine – Black spruce – White spruce / vitis-idaea / Hylocomium splendens; Rhododendron PSbSw23 Lowbush cranberry / Feathermoss sub ; ground shrub sub PINUS CONTORTA - PICEA GLAUCA PSw (Lodgepole pine - White spruce) Pinus contorta - Picea glauca / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi PSw01 Pine – White spruce / Kinnikinnick / Lichen / Cladina spp. PSw02 Pine – White spruce / Kinnikinnick Pinus contorta – Picea glauca/ Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Pine – White spruce / Lowbush cranberry / Pinus contorta – Picea glauca/ Vaccinium vitis-idaea / PSw03 Lichen Cladina ssp. Pinus contorta – Picea glauca/ Calamagrostis PSw05 Pine – White spruce / Purple reedgrass purpurescens Pine – White spruce / Labrador tea / Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / Rhododendron PSw09 Lowbush cranberry / Lichen groenlandicum/ Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Cladina ssp. Pine – White spruce / Shrub birch - Willow / Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa - PSw20 Grass Salix spp. / Poaceae Pine – White spruce / Shrub birch / Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa / PSw21 Crowberry Empetrum nigrum Pine – White spruce / Lowbush cranberry – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca/ Vaccinium vitis-idaea – PSw23 Twinflower Linnaea borealis Pine – White spruce / Lowbush cranberry – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca/ Vaccinium vitis-idaea / PSw24 Twinflower / Feathermoss Hylocomium splendens – Pleurozium schreberi PSw25 Pine – White spruce / Altai fescue Pinus contorta – Picea glauca/ Festuca altaica Pine – White spruce / Soapberry / Pinus contorta – Picea glauca /Shepherdia canadensis PSw26 Feathermoss / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi / Feathermoss Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / Rhododendron Pine – White spruce / Labrador tea / groenlandicum/ Empetrum nigrum / Hylocomium PSw27 Crowberry / Feathermoss splendens Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa - Pine – White spruce / Shrub birch - Labrador Rhododendron groenlandicum / Empetrum nigrum / PSw28 tea / Crowberry / Step moss Hylocomium splendens SbL LARIX LARICINA (Tamarack) SbL05 Tamarack / Labrador tea / Lichen Larix laricina / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Cladina Black spruce - Tamarack / Water sedge / Picea mariana - Larix laricina / Carex aquatilis / SbL50 Glow moss - Peat moss Aulacomium palustre - Sphagnum spp. Sb PICEA MARIANA (Black spruce) Black spruce / Labrador tea / Lichen Picea mariana / Rhododendron groenlandicum- Sb10 Woodland tomentosum / Cladina Woodland Picea mariana / Salix spp. - Rhododendron Sb12 Black spruce / Willow - Labrador tea / Lichen groenlandicum / Cladina spp. Black spruce / Lowbush cranberry / Picea mariana (Pinus contorta)/Vaccinium vitis-idaea – Sb22 Feathermoss Feathermoss Black spruce / Alder / Sweet coltsfoot - Picea mariana / Alnus spp. / Petasites frigidus – Sb24 Horsetail / Feathermoss Equisetum arvense / Feathermoss Black spruce / Shrub birch / Lowbush Picea mariana /Betula glandulosa – (Vaccinium Sb26 cranberry / Feathermoss uliginosum) / Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Feathermoss

Picea mariana / Equisetum spp. / Hylocomium Sb31 Black spruce / Horsetail / Step moss splendens 2 subs: Typic (Sb31t) & subalpine fir (Sb31f) Black spruce / Blueberry willow / Scouring- Picea mariana / Salix myrtillifolia / Equisetum Sb32 rush / Step moss scirpoides / Hylocomium splendens Black spruce / Labrador tea/ Lowbush Picea mariana / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Sb34 cranberry / Feathermoss - Peat moss Vaccinium vitis-idaea/ Feathermoss – Sphagnum spp. Black spruce / Alder - Northern Labrador tea/ Picea mariana /Alnus viridis – Rhododendron palustre Sb35 Lowbush cranberry / Lichen - Peat moss / Cladina spp. – Sphagnum spp Black spruce / Willow – Northern Labrador Picea mariana / Salix spp. – Rhododendron palustre / Sb41 tea / Lichen - Peat moss Cladina spp. – Sphagnum spp Black spruce / Labrador tea/ Lichen - Peat Picea mariana / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Sb42 moss Cladina spp. – Sphagnum spp. Black spruce / Labrador tea/ Feathermoss - Picea mariana / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Sb43 Peat moss Feathermoss – Sphagnum spp. Picea mariana / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Rubus Black spruce / Labrador tea/ Cloudberry - chamaemorus – Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Sphagnum Sb44 Lowbush cranberry / Peat moss spp. Sb45 Black spruce / Willow / Peat moss Picea mariana / Salix spp. / Sphagnum spp. Sb46 Black spruce / Muskeg sedge / Peat moss Picea mariana / Carex lugens / Sphagnum spp. Sb55 Black spruce / Tussock cotton-grass Picea mariana / Eriophorum vaginatum Black spruce – White spruce / Lowbush Picea mariana - Picea glauca /Vaccinium vitis-idaea – SbSw22 cranberry - Feathermoss Feathermoss Black spruce - White spruce / Labrador tea / Picea mariana - Picea glauca / Rhododendron SbSw30 Feathermoss groenlandicum / Feathermoss Black spruce – White spruce / Blueberry Picea mariana - Picea glauca / Salix myrtillifolia / SbSw31 willow / Feathermoss Hylocomium splendens Black spruce (White spruce) / Labrador tea / Picea mariana (Picea glauca) / Rhododendron SbSw32 Feathermoss – Brown moss groenlandicum / Feathermoss - Brown moss PICEA MARIANA – ABIES LASIOCARPA (Black SbF spruce – Subalpine fir) Black spruce - Fir / Shrub birch / Lichen - Picea mariana – Abies lasiocarpa / Betula glandulosa / SbF14 Feathermoss Cladina spp. - Feathermoss SbF25 Black spruce - Fir / Feathermoss Picea mariana – Abies lasiocarpa / Feathermoss Black spruce - Fir / Cloudberry / Feathermoss Picea mariana – Abies lasiocarpa / Rubus SbF31 - Peat moss chamaemorus / Feathermoss (Sphagnum spp.) Picea mariana – Abies lasiocarpa / Rhododendron Black spruce - Fir / Labrador tea / groenlandicum / Feathermoss – Sphagnum spp. (t - SbF41 Feathermoss - Peat moss typic, w - willow subasssociations) PICEA MARIANA – BETULA NEOALASKANA SbW (Black spruce – Alaska paper birch) Picea mariana – Betula neoalaskana – Pinus contorta/ Pine - Black spruce - Alaska birch / Alder / Alnus viridis / Vaccinium vitis-idaea – Chamerion PSbW22 Lowbush cranberry - Fireweed / Feathermoss angustifolium/ Feathermoss Picea mariana – Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana/ Spruce - Alaska birch / Willow - Labrador tea Salix spp. – Rhododendron groenlandicum / Vaccinium SbSwW21 / Lowbush cranberry / Feathermoss - Lichen vitis-idaea/ Feathermoss – Cladina spp.

Picea mariana – Picea glauca - Betula neoalaskana / Spruce - Alaska birch / Prickly rose / Rosa acicularis / Linnaea borealis – Mertensia SbSwW25 Twinflower - Tall lungwort / Feathermoss paniculata/ Feathermoss Black spruce - Alaska birch / Alder - Highbush Picea mariana – Betula neoalaskana/ Alnus viridis – SbSwW34 cranberry / Horsetail Viburnum edule / Equisetum arvense Black spruce - Alaska birch / Lowbush Picea mariana – Betula neoalaskana / Vaccinium vitis- SbW22 cranberry / Feathermoss idaea/ Feathermoss Black spruce - Alaska birch / Labrador tea / Picea mariana – Betula neoalaskana / Rhododendron SbW35 Sweet coltsfoot / Feathermoss groenlandicum / Petasites frigidus / Sphagnum spp. Sw PICEA GLAUCA (White spruce) Sw01 White spruce / Kinnikinnick / Lichen Picea glauca / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi / Lichen Sw02 White spruce / Kinnikinnick Picea glauca / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi White spruce / Entire-leaved mountain avens Picea glauca / Dryas integrifolia – Rhododendron Sw05 - Lapland rosebay - Kinnikinnick lapponicum – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Sw11 White spruce / Entire-leaved mountain avens Picea glauca / Dryas integrifolia White spruce / Bog blueberry / Entire-leaved Picea glauca / Vaccinium uliginosum / Dryas Sw15 mountain avens - Lapland rosebay integrifolia – Rhododendron lapponicum White spruce / Alder / Entire-leaved Picea glauca / Alnus viridis – Vaccinium uliginosum / Sw16 mountain avens - Lapland rosebay Dryas integrifolia – Rhododendron lapponicum White spruce / Highbush cranberry / Sw17 Feathermosss Picea glauca / Viburnum edule / Feathermoss White spruce / Red osier dogwood / Picea glauca / Cornus stolonifera / Equisetum arvense- Sw18 Horsetail - Mitrewort pratense – Mitella nuda Picea glauca / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi – Juncus Sw19 White spruce / Kinnikinnick – Baltic rush balticus Sw20 White spruce / Grass – Kinnikinnick Picea glauca / Poaceae – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi White spruce . Lapland rosebay - Net-veined Picea glauca / Rhododendron lapponicum – Salix Sw21 willow - Water horsetail reticulata – Equisetum fluviatile White spruce / Willow - Bog blueberry / Picea glauca / Salix spp. – Vaccinium uliginosum / Sw22 Polargrass / Feathermoss Arctagrostis latifolia / Feathermoss White spruce / Entire-leaved mountain avens Picea glauca / Dryas integrifolia – Rhododendron Sw23 - Lapland rosebay - Horsetail lapponicum – Equisetum arvense White spruce / Entire-leaved mountain avens Picea glauca / Dryas integrifolia – Rhododendron Sw24 - Lapland rosebay - Muskeg sedge lapponicum – Carex lugens White spruce / Shrub birch – Willow / Altai Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa – Salix glauca / Sw25 fescue – Kinnikinnick Festuca altaica – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Sw26 White spruce / Soapberry / Step moss Picea glauca / Shepherdia canadensis / Feathermoss Picea glauca / Feathermoss (t – typic, a – alder, w – Sw27 White spruce / Feathermoss Thuidiumsubassociations) White spruce / Shrub birch / Crowberry / Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa / Empetrum nigrum / Sw28 Reindeer lichen Cladina spp. White spruce / Labrador tea / Crowberry / Picea glauca / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Sw29 Feathermoss Empetrum nigrum/ Feathermoss White spruce / Shrub birch / C rowberry / Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa/ Empetrum nigrum / Sw30 Feathermoss Feathermoss White spruce / Willow / Red bearberry / Picea glauca / Salix spp. / Arctostaphylos rubra / Sw31 Feathermoss Feathermoss (n – nudum subassociation)

White spruce / Willow / Red bearberry / Picea glauca / Salix spp. / Rhododendron spp. / Sw32 Brown moss Arctostaphylos rubra / Feathermoss – Brown moss White spruce / Northern Labrador tea / Picea glauca / Rhododendron decumbens / Empetrum Sw33 Crowberry / Peat moss nigrum / Sphagnum White spruce / Alder - Highbush cranberry / Picea glauca / Alnus (incana, viridis) – Viburnum edule Sw34 Wild sarsaparilla - Mitrewort / Aralia nudicaulis – Mitella nuda Sw35 White spruce / Alder / Devil's club Picea glauca / Alnus viridis / Oplopanax horridus White spruce / Highbush cranberry / Picea glauca / Viburnum edule / Equisetum arvense- Sw36 Horsetail pratense White spruce / Labrador tea / Red bearberry Picea glauca / Rhododendron groenlandicum / Arctous Sw38 / Brown moss rubra/ Brown mosses White spruce / Willow / Horsetail / Brown Picea glauca / Salix spp. / Equisetum arvense- Sw39 moss pratense/ Brown mosses White spruce / Shrub birch – Labrador tea / Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa – Rhododendron Sw40 Crowberry / Peat moss groenlandicum / Empetrum nigrum / Sphagnum Picea glauca /Rhododendron groenlandicum / Carex Sw50 White spruce / Labrador tea / Water sedge aquatilis Sw51 White spruce / Shrub birch / Water sedge Picea glauca / Betula glandulosa / Carex aquatilis White spruce / Tussock cotton-grass / Entire- Picea glauca / Eriophorum vaginatum / Dryas Sw55 leaved mountain avens integrifolia PICEA GLAUCA – POPULUS BALSAMIFERA SwB (White spruce – Balsam poplar) SwB04 White spruce – Balsam poplar / Yukon lupine Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Lupinus kuschei White spruce – Balsam poplar / Juniper - Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Juniperus Soapberry / Red bearberry - Alpine sweet- communis - Shepherdia canadensis / Arctous rubra - SwB20 vetch Hedysarum alpinum White spruce – Balsam poplar / Highbush Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Viburnum edule / SwB22 cranberry / Tall lungwort Mertensia paniculata White spruce – Balsam poplar / Highbush cranberry - Red osier dogwood / Wild Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Viburnum edule - SwB25 sarsaparilla Cornus stolonifera / Aralia nudicaulis Populus balsamifera - Picea glauca/ Shepherdia SwB27 Balsam poplar – White spruce / Soapberry canadensis Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Hylocomnium SwB28 White spruce – Balsam poplar / Step moss splendens White spruce – Balsam poplar / Highbush Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Viburnum edule / SwB29 cranberry / Horsetail Equisetum arvense-pratense White spruce – Balsam poplar / River alder / Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Alnus incana / SwB30 Oak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris White spruce – Balsam poplar / Alder / Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Alnus viridis / SwB31 Devil's club Oplopanax horridus White spruce – Balsam poplar / River alder / Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera / Alnus incana / SwB33 Ostrich fern Matteucia struthiopteris White spruce – Balsam poplar / Soapberry / Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera/ Shepherdia SwB35 Horsetail canadensis / Equisetum White spruce – Balsam poplar / Water Picea glauca – Populus balsamifera/ Carex aquatilis- SwB56 sedges Carex utriculata

PICEA GLAUCA – BETULA NEOALASKANA SwW (White spruce – Alaska paper birch) White spruce - Water birch / Shrub b irch / Picea glauca – Betula occidentalis / Betula glandulosa/ SwW02 Crowberry / Lichen Empetrum nigrum / Cladina spp. White spruce - Water birch / Shrub b irch / Picea glauca – Betula occidentalis / Betula glandulosa/ SwW04 Crowberry / Lichen Juniperus communis / Artemisia norvegica White spruce - Alaska birch - Aspen / Juniper Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana – Populus ASwW03 / Altai fescue tremuloides / Juniperus communis / Festuca altaica White spruce - Water birch / Bog blueberry / Picea glauca - Betula occidentalis / Vaccinium SwW22 Crowberry uliginosum / Empetrum nigrum White spruce – Alaska birch / Prickly rose / Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana / Rosa acicularis / SwW24 Lowbush cranberry / Feathermoss Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Feathermoss White spruce – Alaska birch / Highbush Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana / Viburnum edule - SwW25 cranberry - Prickly rose / Bunchberry Rosa aciculatis / Cornus canadensis White spruce – Alaska birch / Alder / Step Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana / Alnus spp. / SwW28 moss Hylocomium splendens White spruce – Alaska birch / Alder – Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana / Alnus – SwW29 Labrador tea Rhododendron groenlandicum Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana / Rhododendron SwW30 White spruce – Alaska birch /Labrador tea groenlandicum White spruce – Alaska birch /Red osier Picea glauca – Betula neoalaskana / Cornus stolonifera SwW34 dogwood - Highbush cranberry / Horsetail – Viburnum edule / Equisetum arvense A POPULUS TREMULOIDES (Trembling aspen) A02 Aspen / Juniper Populus tremuloides / Juniperus communis A03 Aspen / Kinnikinnick Populus tremuloides / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A04 Aspen / Prickly rose / Grass Populus tremuloides / Rosa acicularis / Poaceae Populus tremuloides / Betula glandulosa / Festuca A09 Aspen / Shrub birch / Altai fescue altaica Populus tremuloides / Poaceae - Arctostaphyols uva- A20 Aspen / Grass – Kinnikinnick ursi Populus tremuloides / Shepherdia canadensis / A21 Aspen / Soapberry / Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aspen / Willow / Purple reedgrass / Thread- Populus tremuloides / Salix spp. / Calamagrostis A25 moss purpurescens / Gemmabryum caespiticium Populus tremuloides / Viburnum edule / Cornus A26 Aspen / Highbush cranberry / Bunchberry canadensis A28 Aspen / Labrador tea Populus tremuloides / Rhododendron groenlandicum Populus tremuloides / Rosa acicularis / Chamerion A29 Aspen / Prickly rose / Fireweed angustifolium A34 Aspen / Horsetail Populus tremuloides / Equisetum arvense A35 Aspen / Ostrich fern Populus tremuloides / Matteuccia struthiopteris Aspen – Balsam poplar / Rocky Mountain Populus tremuloides – Populus balsamifera / Festuca AB03 fescue – Yukon lupine saximontana- Lupinus kuschei B POPULUS BALSAMIFERA (Balsam poplar) Balsam poplar / Juniper / Tall lungwort - Altai Populus balsamifera / Juniperus communis / Mertensia B01 fescue paniculata – Festuca altaica

Populus balsamifera / Shepherdia canadensis – B02 Balsam poplar / Soapberry - Juniper Juniperus communis Balsam poplar / River alder – Red osier Populus balsamifera / Alnus incana – Cornus B22 dogwood / Horsetail stolonifera / Equisetum spp. Balsam poplar / Highbush cranberry / Populus balsamifera / Viburnum edule / Equisetum B23 Horsetail spp. Balsam poplar / River alder / Horsetail - Populus balsamifera / Alnus incana / Equisetum spp. - B24 Arctic wintergreen Pyrola grandiflora Balsam poplar / Alder - Highbush cranberry / Populus balsamifera / Alnus viridis – Viburnum edule / B25 Dwarf red raspberry - Bunchberry Rubus pubescens – Cornus canadensis Balsam poplar / Willow - Soapberry / Alpine Populus balsamifera / Salix spp. – Shepherdia B27 sweet-vetch canadensis / Hedysarum alpinum Balsam poplar / Shrubby cinqufoil - Populus balsamifera / Dasiphora fruticosa – B29 Soapberry / Alpine sweet-vetch Shepherdia canadensis / Frageria virginiana Populus balsamifera / Salix spp. / Chamerion B31 Balsam poplar / Willow / Fireweed angustifolium Balsam poplar / Willow / Water sedge - Populus balsamifera / Salix spp. / Carex aquatilis – B52 Horsetail Equisetum spp. POPULUS TREMULOIDES – PICEA GLAUCA ASw (Trembling aspen – White spruce) Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Arctostaphylos ASw05 Aspen – White spruce / Kinnikinnick uva-ursi Aspen – White spruce / Soapberry / Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Shepherdia ASw06 Fireweed canadensis / Chamerion angustifolia Aspen – White spruce / Purple reedgrass – Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Calamagrostis ASw07 Kinnikinnick purpurescens – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aspen – White spruce / Shrub birch / Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Betula ASw12 Crowberry glandulosa / Empetrum nigrum Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Alnus viridis – Aspen – White spruce / Alder - Highbush Viburnum edule / Rubus pubescens – Cornus ASw21 cranberry / Dwarf red raspberry - Bunchberry canadensis Aspen – White spruce / Fireweed – Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Chamerion ASw26 Kinnikinnick angustifolium – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aspen – White spruce (Black spruce) / Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca (P. mariana) / ASw27 Labrador tea / Bastard toadflax Rhododendron groenlandicum / Geocaulon lividum Aspen – White spruce / River alder / Dwarf Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Alnus incana / ASw29 red raspberry - Horsetail Rubus pubescens – Equisetum spp. Aspen – White spruce / Horsetail - Populus tremuloides – Picea glauca / Equisetum spp. – ASw30 Bunchberry Cornus canadensis POPULUS TREMULOIDES – PINUS CONTORTA (Trembling aspen – Lodgepole AP APSw pine) Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta / Arctostaphyols AP04 Aspen – Pine / Kinnikinnick / Lichen uva-ursi / Lichen Populus tremuloides – Abies lasiocarpa – Pinus Aspen - Fir - Pine / Shrub birch - Juniper / contorta / Betula glandulosa – Juniperus communis / AFP10 Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / APSw03 Aspen – Pine – White spruce / Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Aspen – Pine / Lowbush cranberry / Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta (Picea glauca) / AP27 Feathermoss Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Feathermoss Aspen - Fir - Pine / Alder/ Lowbush cranberry Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / AP22 / Feathermoss Alnus viridis / Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Feathermoss Aspen – Pine - Black spruce / Lowbush Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta – Picea mariana APSb27 cranberry / Feathermoss / Vaccinium vitis-idea / Feathermoss Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / APSw25 Aspen – Pine – White spruce / Soapberry Shepherdia canadensis Aspen – Pine – White spruce / Purple Populus tremuloides – Pinus contorta – Picea glauca / APSw06 reedgrass / Kinnikinnick Calamagrostis purpurescens / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi W BETULA NEOALASKANA (Alaska paper birch) W25 Alaska birch / Alder - Prickly rose Betula neoalaskana / Alnus viridis – Rosa acicularis Alaska birch / Prickly rose / Bluejoint Betula neoalaskana / Rosa acicularis / Calamagrostis W27 reedgrass canadensis W30 Alaska birch / Currant / Horsetail Betula neoalaskana / Ribes spp. / Equisetum spp. Betula neoalaskana / Alnus viridis – Rhododendron W33 Alaska birch / Alder - Northern Labrador tea tomentosum Betula occidentalis / Betula glandulosa – W32 Alaska birch / Shrub birch - Labrador tea Rhododendron groenlandicum Alaska birch / Northern Labrador tea / Peat Betula neoalaskana / Rhododendron tomentosum / W39 moss Sphagnum PW PINUS CONTORTA - BETULA NEOALASKANA Pine - Alaska birch / Alder - Highbush Pinus controta – Betula neoalaskana / Alnus viridis - PW25 cranberry / Bunchberry Viburnum edule / Cornus canadensis