Jean-Gaël Gricourt E-Mail: [email protected]
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Practical Calculations for Designing a Newtonian Telescope
Practical Calculations for Designing a Newtonian Telescope Jeff Beish (Rev. 07 February 2019) INTRODUCTION A Newtonian reflecting telescope can be designed to perform more efficiently than any other type of optical system, if one is careful to follow the laws of nature. One must have optics made from precision Pyrex or a similar material and figured to a high quality. The mounting hardware must be well planned out and properly constructed using highest quality materials. The Newtonian can be used for visual or photographic work, for "deep sky" or "planetary" observing, or a combination of all these. They are easy to layout and to construct using simple household tools. The design mathematics is simple and can be easily accomplished by hand calculator. The Newtonian reflector can be easily modified for other types of observing such a photometry, photography, CCD imaging, micrometer work, and more. Since a reflecting telescope does not suffer for chromatic aberration we don't have to worry about focusing each color while observing or photographing with filters as we would in a single or double lens refractor. This is a problem especially associated with photography. Since the introduction of the relatively low cost Apochromatic refractors (APO) in the past few years these problems no longer hamper the astrophotographer as much. However, the cost of large APO's for those requiring large apertures is prohibitive to most of us who require instruments above 12 or so inches. Remember, even with the highest quality optics a Newtonian can be rendered nearly useless by tube currents, misaligned components, mirror stain, and a secondary mirror too large for the application of the instrument. -
Telescopes and Binoculars
Continuing Education Course Approved by the American Board of Opticianry Telescopes and Binoculars National Academy of Opticianry 8401 Corporate Drive #605 Landover, MD 20785 800-229-4828 phone 301-577-3880 fax www.nao.org Copyright© 2015 by the National Academy of Opticianry. All rights reserved. No part of this text may be reproduced without permission in writing from the publisher. 2 National Academy of Opticianry PREFACE: This continuing education course was prepared under the auspices of the National Academy of Opticianry and is designed to be convenient, cost effective and practical for the Optician. The skills and knowledge required to practice the profession of Opticianry will continue to change in the future as advances in technology are applied to the eye care specialty. Higher rates of obsolescence will result in an increased tempo of change as well as knowledge to meet these changes. The National Academy of Opticianry recognizes the need to provide a Continuing Education Program for all Opticians. This course has been developed as a part of the overall program to enable Opticians to develop and improve their technical knowledge and skills in their chosen profession. The National Academy of Opticianry INSTRUCTIONS: Read and study the material. After you feel that you understand the material thoroughly take the test following the instructions given at the beginning of the test. Upon completion of the test, mail the answer sheet to the National Academy of Opticianry, 8401 Corporate Drive, Suite 605, Landover, Maryland 20785 or fax it to 301-577-3880. Be sure you complete the evaluation form on the answer sheet. -
Astronomy 2008 Index
Astronomy Magazine Article Title Index 10 rising stars of astronomy, 8:60–8:63 1.5 million galaxies revealed, 3:41–3:43 185 million years before the dinosaurs’ demise, did an asteroid nearly end life on Earth?, 4:34–4:39 A Aligned aurorae, 8:27 All about the Veil Nebula, 6:56–6:61 Amateur astronomy’s greatest generation, 8:68–8:71 Amateurs see fireballs from U.S. satellite kill, 7:24 Another Earth, 6:13 Another super-Earth discovered, 9:21 Antares gang, The, 7:18 Antimatter traced, 5:23 Are big-planet systems uncommon?, 10:23 Are super-sized Earths the new frontier?, 11:26–11:31 Are these space rocks from Mercury?, 11:32–11:37 Are we done yet?, 4:14 Are we looking for life in the right places?, 7:28–7:33 Ask the aliens, 3:12 Asteroid sleuths find the dino killer, 1:20 Astro-humiliation, 10:14 Astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–12:69 Astronaut rescue rocket revs up, 11:22 Astronomers spy a giant particle accelerator in the sky, 5:21 Astronomers unearth a star’s death secrets, 10:18 Astronomers witness alien star flip-out, 6:27 Astronomy magazine’s first 35 years, 8:supplement Astronomy’s guide to Go-to telescopes, 10:supplement Auroral storm trigger confirmed, 11:18 B Backstage at Astronomy, 8:76–8:82 Basking in the Sun, 5:16 Biggest planet’s 5 deepest mysteries, The, 1:38–1:43 Binary pulsar test affirms relativity, 10:21 Binocular Telescope snaps first image, 6:21 Black hole sets a record, 2:20 Black holes wind up galaxy arms, 9:19 Brightest starburst galaxy discovered, 12:23 C Calling all space probes, 10:64–10:65 Calling on Cassiopeia, 11:76 Canada to launch new asteroid hunter, 11:19 Canada’s handy robot, 1:24 Cannibal next door, The, 3:38 Capture images of our local star, 4:66–4:67 Cassini confirms Titan lakes, 12:27 Cassini scopes Saturn’s two-toned moon, 1:25 Cassini “tastes” Enceladus’ plumes, 7:26 Cepheus’ fall delights, 10:85 Choose the dome that’s right for you, 5:70–5:71 Clearing the air about seeing vs. -
Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts
Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts Foresight, Insight, Oversight, and Hindsight in Scientific Discovery: How Sighted Were Galileo's Telescopic Sightings? Dean Keith Simonton Online First Publication, January 30, 2012. doi: 10.1037/a0027058 CITATION Simonton, D. K. (2012, January 30). Foresight, Insight, Oversight, and Hindsight in Scientific Discovery: How Sighted Were Galileo's Telescopic Sightings?. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0027058 Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts © 2012 American Psychological Association 2012, Vol. ●●, No. ●, 000–000 1931-3896/12/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0027058 Foresight, Insight, Oversight, and Hindsight in Scientific Discovery: How Sighted Were Galileo’s Telescopic Sightings? Dean Keith Simonton University of California, Davis Galileo Galilei’s celebrated contributions to astronomy are used as case studies in the psychology of scientific discovery. Particular attention was devoted to the involvement of foresight, insight, oversight, and hindsight. These four mental acts concern, in divergent ways, the relative degree of “sightedness” in Galileo’s discovery process and accordingly have implications for evaluating the blind-variation and selective-retention (BVSR) theory of creativity and discovery. Scrutiny of the biographical and historical details indicates that Galileo’s mental processes were far less sighted than often depicted in retrospective accounts. Hindsight biases clearly tend to underline his insights and foresights while ignoring his very frequent and substantial oversights. Of special importance was how Galileo was able to create a domain-specific expertise where no such expertise previously existed—in part by exploiting his extensive knowledge and skill in the visual arts. Galileo’s success as an astronomer was founded partly and “blindly” on his artistic avocations. -
Celestron Kids 50Mm Newtonian Telescope Manual
A B 50mm Newtonian Telescope #22014 Solar Warning C • Always use your telescope with adult supervision. F • Never look directly at the Sun with the naked eye or with a telescope unless you have the proper solar filter. D Permanent and irreversible eye damage may result. • Never use your telescope to project an image of the E Sun onto any surface. Internal heat build-up can damage the telescope and any accessories attached to it. • Never use an eyepiece solar filter or a Herschel wedge. Internal heat build-up inside the telescope can cause these devices to crack or break, allowing unfiltered sunlight to pass through to the eye. • Do not leave the telescope unsupervised, especially Assembly when children are present or when adults unfamiliar Step 1: Remove all the parts form the box. with the correct operating procedures of your telescope are present. Thanks for buying the Celestron Kids STEM 50mm Newtonian Telescope—a real, functional reflector telescope with a removable panel that reveals its inner workings! Before using your telescope, take a few minutes to make sure all the components are in the box and assemble the scope. Parts A. Eyepiece B. Telescope Tube C. Tripod Adjustment Collar D. Tripod Hub Step 2: Attach the 3 tripod legs to the tripod hub by E. Tripod Legs (3) screwing them into the threaded holes. F. Dust Cap Use Your Telescope Step 1: When you are ready to view through your telescope, remove the plastic cover on the eyepiece. Step 2: Remove the dust cap. Step 3: Attach the main telescope tube to the tripod hub. -
MESSIER 15 RA(2000) : 21H 29M 58S DEC(2000): +12° 10'
MESSIER 15 RA(2000) : 21h 29m 58s DEC(2000): +12° 10’ 01” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Globular Cluster CONSTELLATION: Pegasus BEST VIEW: Late October DISCOVERY: Jean-Dominique Maraldi, 1746 DISTANCE: 33,600 ly DIAMETER: 175 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +6.2 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 18’ FOV:Starry 1.00Night FOV: 60.00 Vulpecula Sagitta Pegasus NGC 7009 (THE SATURN NEBULA) Delphinus NGC 7009 RA(2000) : 21h 04m 10.8s DEC(2000): -11° 21’ 48.6” Equuleus Pisces Aquila NGC 7009 FOV: 5.00 Aquarius Telrad Capricornus Sagittarius Cetus Piscis Austrinus NGC 7009 Microscopium BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Planetary Nebula CONSTELLATION: Aquarius Sculptor BEST VIEW: Early November DISCOVERY: William Herschel, 1782 DISTANCE: 2000 - 4000 ly DIAMETER: 0.4 - 0.8 ly Grus APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +8.0 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 41” x 35” Telescopium Telrad Indus NGC 7662 (THE BLUE SNOWBALL) RA(2000) : 23h 25m 53.6s DEC(2000): +42° 32’ 06” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Planetary Nebula CONSTELLATION: Andromeda BEST VIEW: Late November DISCOVERY: William Herschel, 1784 DISTANCE: 1800 – 6400 ly DIAMETER: 0.3 – 1.1 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +8.6 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 37” MESSIER 52 RA(2000) : 23h 24m 48s DEC(2000): +61° 35’ 36” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Open Cluster CONSTELLATION: Cassiopeia BEST VIEW: December DISCOVERY: Charles Messier, 1774 DISTANCE: ~5000 ly DIAMETER: 19 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +7.3 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 13’ AGE: 50 million years FOV:Starry 1.00Night FOV: 60.00 Auriga Cepheus Andromeda MESSIER 31 (THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY) M 31 RA(2000) : 00h 42m 44.3Cassiopeias DEC(2000): +41° 16’ 07.5” Perseus Lacerta AndromedaM 31 FOV: 5.00 Telrad Triangulum Taurus Orion Aries Andromeda M 31 Pegasus Pisces BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Galaxy CONSTELLATION: Andromeda Telrad BEST VIEW: December DISCOVERY: Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, 964 Eridanus CetusDISTANCE: 2.5 million ly DIAMETER: ~250,000 ly* APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +3.4 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 178’ x 63’ (3° x 1°) *This value represents the total diameter of the disk, based on multi-wavelength measurements. -
A History of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology - Malcolm Longair
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - A History of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology - Malcolm Longair A HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY Malcolm Longair Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE Keywords: History, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmology, Telescopes, Astronomical Technology, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Ancient Astronomy, Copernican Revolution, Stars and Stellar Evolution, Interstellar Medium, Galaxies, Clusters of Galaxies, Large- scale Structure of the Universe, Active Galaxies, General Relativity, Black Holes, Classical Cosmology, Cosmological Models, Cosmological Evolution, Origin of Galaxies, Very Early Universe Contents 1. Introduction 2. Prehistoric, Ancient and Mediaeval Astronomy up to the Time of Copernicus 3. The Copernican, Galilean and Newtonian Revolutions 4. From Astronomy to Astrophysics – the Development of Astronomical Techniques in the 19th Century 5. The Classification of the Stars – the Harvard Spectral Sequence 6. Stellar Structure and Evolution to 1939 7. The Galaxy and the Nature of the Spiral Nebulae 8. The Origins of Astrophysical Cosmology – Einstein, Friedman, Hubble, Lemaître, Eddington 9. The Opening Up of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and the New Astronomies 10. Stellar Evolution after 1945 11. The Interstellar Medium 12. Galaxies, Clusters Of Galaxies and the Large Scale Structure of the Universe 13. Active Galaxies, General Relativity and Black Holes 14. Classical Cosmology since 1945 15. The Evolution of Galaxies and Active Galaxies with Cosmic Epoch 16. The Origin of Galaxies and the Large-Scale Structure of The Universe 17. The VeryUNESCO Early Universe – EOLSS Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical SketchSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary This chapter describes the history of the development of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology from the earliest times to the first decade of the 21st century. -
Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series
Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series Other Titles in this Series Navigating the Night Sky Astronomy of the Milky Way How to Identify the Stars and The Observer’s Guide to the Constellations Southern/Northern Sky Parts 1 and 2 Guilherme de Almeida hardcover set Observing and Measuring Visual Mike Inglis Double Stars Astronomy of the Milky Way Bob Argyle (Ed.) Part 1: Observer’s Guide to the Observing Meteors, Comets, Supernovae Northern Sky and other transient Phenomena Mike Inglis Neil Bone Astronomy of the Milky Way Human Vision and The Night Sky Part 2: Observer’s Guide to the How to Improve Your Observing Skills Southern Sky Michael P. Borgia Mike Inglis How to Photograph the Moon and Planets Observing Comets with Your Digital Camera Nick James and Gerald North Tony Buick Telescopes and Techniques Practical Astrophotography An Introduction to Practical Astronomy Jeffrey R. Charles Chris Kitchin Pattern Asterisms Seeing Stars A New Way to Chart the Stars The Night Sky Through Small Telescopes John Chiravalle Chris Kitchin and Robert W. Forrest Deep Sky Observing Photo-guide to the Constellations The Astronomical Tourist A Self-Teaching Guide to Finding Your Steve R. Coe Way Around the Heavens Chris Kitchin Visual Astronomy in the Suburbs A Guide to Spectacular Viewing Solar Observing Techniques Antony Cooke Chris Kitchin Visual Astronomy Under Dark Skies How to Observe the Sun Safely A New Approach to Observing Deep Space Lee Macdonald Antony Cooke The Sun in Eclipse Real Astronomy with Small Telescopes Sir Patrick Moore and Michael Maunder Step-by-Step Activities for Discovery Transit Michael K. -
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Journal for the History of Astronomy
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Journal for the History of Astronomy Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 10 May 2021 Version 1.28 Title word cross-reference $8.95 [Had84]. $87 [CWW17]. $89.95 [Gan15]. 8 = 1;2;3 [Cov15]. $90 [Ano15f]. $95 [Swe17c]. c [Kin87, NRKN16, Rag05]. mul [Kur19]. muld [Kur19]. [Kur19]. · $100 [Apt14]. $120 [Hen15b]. $127 [Llo15]. 3 [Ano15f, Ash82, Mal10, Ste12a]. ∆ [MS04]. $135.00 [Smi96]. $14 [Sch15]. $140 [GG14]. $15 [Jar90]. $17.95 [Had84]. $19.95 -1000 [Hub83]. -4000 [Gin91b]. -601 [Mul83, Nau98]. 20 [Ost07]. 2000 [Eva09b]. [Hub83]. -86 [Mar75]. -Ft [Edd71b, Mau13]. $24.95 [Lep14, Bro90]. $27 [W lo15]. $29 -inch [Ost07]. -year [GB95]. -Year-Old [Sha14]. $29.25 [Hea15]. $29.95 [Eva09b]. [Ger17, Mes15]. 30 [Mau13]. $31.00 [Bra15]. $34 [Sul14]. $35 Zaga´_ n [CM10]. [Ano15f, Dev14b, Lau14, Mir17, Rap15a]. $38 [Dan19b, Vet19]. $39.95 [Mol14b]. /Catalogue [Kun91]. /Charles [Tur07]. $39.99 [Bec15]. $40 [Dun20, LF15, Rob86]. /Collected [Gin93]. /Heretic [Tes10]. 40 [Edd71b]. $42 [Nau98]. $45 [Kes15]. /the [War08]. $49.95 [Ree20]. $49.99 [Bec15]. $50 [Kru17, Rem15]. $55 [Bon19b]. $60 [Mal15]. 0 [Ave18, Hei14a, Oes15, Swe17c, Wlo15, 600 [GB95]. $72 [Ave18]. $79 [Wil15]. 1 2 Ash82]. [Dic97a]. 1970 [Kru08]. 1971 [Wil75]. 1973 [Doe19]. 1975 [Ost80]. 1976 [Gin02d]. 1979 1 [Ano15f, BH73a, Ber14, Bru78b, Eva87b, [Ano78d]. -
Astronomy Magazine 2011 Index Subject Index
Astronomy Magazine 2011 Index Subject Index A AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers), 6:18, 44–47, 7:58, 10:11 Abell 35 (Sharpless 2-313) (planetary nebula), 10:70 Abell 85 (supernova remnant), 8:70 Abell 1656 (Coma galaxy cluster), 11:56 Abell 1689 (galaxy cluster), 3:23 Abell 2218 (galaxy cluster), 11:68 Abell 2744 (Pandora's Cluster) (galaxy cluster), 10:20 Abell catalog planetary nebulae, 6:50–53 Acheron Fossae (feature on Mars), 11:36 Adirondack Astronomy Retreat, 5:16 Adobe Photoshop software, 6:64 AKATSUKI orbiter, 4:19 AL (Astronomical League), 7:17, 8:50–51 albedo, 8:12 Alexhelios (moon of 216 Kleopatra), 6:18 Altair (star), 9:15 amateur astronomy change in construction of portable telescopes, 1:70–73 discovery of asteroids, 12:56–60 ten tips for, 1:68–69 American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), 6:18, 44–47, 7:58, 10:11 American Astronomical Society decadal survey recommendations, 7:16 Lancelot M. Berkeley-New York Community Trust Prize for Meritorious Work in Astronomy, 3:19 Andromeda Galaxy (M31) image of, 11:26 stellar disks, 6:19 Antarctica, astronomical research in, 10:44–48 Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038 and NGC 4039), 11:32, 56 antimatter, 8:24–29 Antu Telescope, 11:37 APM 08279+5255 (quasar), 11:18 arcminutes, 10:51 arcseconds, 10:51 Arp 147 (galaxy pair), 6:19 Arp 188 (Tadpole Galaxy), 11:30 Arp 273 (galaxy pair), 11:65 Arp 299 (NGC 3690) (galaxy pair), 10:55–57 ARTEMIS spacecraft, 11:17 asteroid belt, origin of, 8:55 asteroids See also names of specific asteroids amateur discovery of, 12:62–63 -
Newtonian Telescope Collimation with the Astrosystems Lightpipe/Sighttube and Autocollimator
Newtonian Telescope Collimation with the Astrosystems LightPipe/SightTube and Autocollimator Contents Introduction i Preparation 1 - 2 Mechanical Alignment with the Crosshair SightTube 2 - 3 Optical Collimation with the LightPipe collimator 4 - 5 Fine Optical Collimation with the Autocollimator 5 - 6 Checking Optical Collimation - Star Test 7 Secondary Offset 8-9 References / Further Reading 9 i Introduction The first two steps, preparation and mechanical alignment, need only be performed the first time the telescope is assembled. Thereafter, only the optical alignment and star testing are needed to collimate your telescope. Don't underestimate the importance of mechanical alignment. Most troublesome collimating jobs can be traced back to mistakes or assumptions regarding the placement of components. Quick Tour: If you are familiar with your telescope’s collimation and only want an abbreviated guide to using the AstroSystems collimating tools, just read through the lines in bold type at the beginning of each paragraph. Preparation 1 Position the telescope Place the telescope on a horizontal surface or move it to the horizontal. Position the focuser so it is easily accessible. You will be moving back and forth from the rear to the front of the tube assembly to check progress and it helps to have things positioned for convenience. Assemble the proper tools Gather the necessary tools required to adjust the primary mirror holder, secondary mirror holder, and spider and focuser base. Center spot the primary mirror It is necessary to "spot" the center of the primary and secondary mirrors. To facilitate collimation at night, a white mark on the primary is most visible. -
February 24, 2021
Observing Special Interest Group Session 7 – February 24, 2021 NOTE: The meeting for Feb. 17th was canceled due to weather and moved to Feb. 24th at the same time. INTRODUCTION Hello everyone, I hope you all are well and have had a chance to do some observing. Does anyone have questions or observations they would like to share with us? Hello Chaz, waz up dude? Yes it’s time for our friend Chaz to tell us about his monthly article in the Spectrum. Take it away Chaz. Now for our guest speaker. Gary Carter is a former president of TAS-Dallas and has extensive background knowledge of amateur astro equipment. We have had questions lately about eyepieces so I asked Gary to gives a more in depth look at this subject. Gary, are you ready? February “deep sky objects”. I have had people ask me to give some target objects during our monthly meetings. Therefore, this list was mostly composed with beginning astronomers in mind that wanted interesting objects that are pretty easy to find with small telescopes. Except for a few of these, I think this list meets those requirements. It is especially written for the people who use star charts & star catalogues in the field. I ask that you open and print this document before the start of the meeting so you can follow along in the discussion. MEETING NOTES February ObSIG Meeting Our February Zoom meeting was held on 2/24/2021. It was postponed for a week due to the loss of power because of the cold weather.