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The Role of Commerce in the Main Urban Area of Abruzzo: an Intra-Urban Reading

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The Role of Commerce in the Main Urban Area of Abruzzo: an Intra-Urban Reading Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/bsgi Th e Role of Commerce in the Main Urban Area of Abruzzo: an Intra-Urban Reading Citation: F. Ferrari, S. Iacuone, S. Scorrano, M. Fuschi (2020). The Role of Commerce in the Main Urban Area Il ruolo del commercio nella principale area urbana d’Abruzzo: of Abruzzo: an Intra-Urban Reading. una lettura a scala intra-urbana Bollettino della Società Geografi ca Itali- ana serie 14, 3 Special Issue: 93-103. doi: 10.36253/bsgi-997 Fabrizio Ferrari1, Silvia Iacuone1, Silvia Scorrano2, Marina Fuschi1 Copyright: © 2020 F. Ferrari, S. Iacuone, S. Scorrano, M. Fuschi. This is an 1 Dipartimento di Economia (DEc), Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti- open access, peer-reviewed article Pescara, Pescara, Italy published by Firenze University Press 2 Dipartimento di Lettere, Arti e Scienze Sociali (DiLASS), Università degli Studi “G. (http://www.fupress.com/bsgi) and dis- d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, Italy tributed under the terms of the Crea- tive Commons Attribution License, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; which permits unrestricted use, distri- [email protected] bution, and reproduction in any medi- um, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract. Since the 1950s, the urban structure of Abruzzo has gradually polarized on the area of Pescara-Chieti, as the expression of a series of location and settlement Data Availability Statement: All rel- advantages. Th ere, the trade sector, favoured by a period of expansion of large-scale evant data are within the paper and its commercial distribution, represented a powerful vehicle for territorial convergence and Supporting Information fi les. cohesion, contributing to the progressive process of marginalization of urban proxim- ity trade. Th e aim of this work is to go beyond the opposition between suburban shop- Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no confl ict of interest. ping center/central urban trade and to propose an interpretation at intra-urban scale that starts from peripheral neighbourhoods and peculiar spaces: Th ey are able, in some For Italian evaluation purposes: M. cases, to better represent urban identity, but, above all, to provide a favourable obser- Fuschi is responsible for section 1, vation point from which to promote a balanced and sustainable reorganization of the 2 and Conclusions, F. Ferrari for sec- city. tion 3, S. Scorrano for section 4, S. Iacuone for section 5. Keywords: commerce, Pescara-Chieti area, urban neighborhoods, vulnerability, city project. Riassunto. La struttura urbana abruzzese si è progressivamente polarizzata, a parti- re dagli anni Cinquanta, sull’area Pescara-Chieti, espressione di una serie di vantaggi localizzativi e insediativi. Qui, il comparto del commercio, grazie alla stagione della grande distribuzione commerciale, ha rappresentato un potente veicolo di convergen- za e coesione territoriale, contribuendo al progressivo processo di marginalizzazione del commercio di prossimità cittadino. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di andare oltre l’approccio contrappositivo centro commerciale suburbano/commercio centrale urbano per proporre una lettura a scala intra-urbana muovendo dai quartieri periferici e dagli spazi peculiari capaci, in alcuni casi, di raccontare meglio l’identità urbana, ma soprattutto di fornire un osservatorio privilegiato da cui partire per promuovere una riorganizzazione equilibrata e sostenibile della città. Parole chiave: Commercio, area Pescara-Chieti, quartieri urbani, vulnerabilità, città progetto. Bollettino della Società Geografi ca Italiana serie 14, 3 Special Issue: 93-103, 2020 ISSN 1121-7820 (print) | DOI: 10.36253/bsgi-997 94 Fabrizio Ferrari, Silvia Iacuone, Silvia Scorrano, Marina Fuschi 1. Introduction The vitality and commercial density of the urban area of Pescara-Chieti (which was very important for the The urban structure of Abruzzo reflects the features whole region and for adjacent subregions) also produced of a diversified and dualistic territorial dynamic, wit- a progressive marginalization of urban proximity trade nessed by the presence of a single large urban area grav- (Cirelli 2009, 2016), amplified by the economic crisis itating in the coastal and valley belt, more widely coa- and the advent of e-commerce. Thus, in this way, Pes- lescent with the coastal town sprawl and with a system cara and Chieti have taken on the features of the typical of “isle cities” (Fuschi 2006) spreading along the inner post-modern cities, transformed and partially emptied mountain areas (Landini 1976; Salvatori 1993). The “isle in their central commercial landscapes and weakened in cities” are poorly integrated, weak in their socio-demo- their size and demographic composition. graphic and functional features as well as vulnerable in The aim of this paper is to go beyond the opposition their geomorphological structure, which is characterized between suburban commercial area and central urban by seismicity (Landini, Massimi 2010). commercial area2, by analyzing the role of the commerce The crucial point of this system is the urban area of in the most peculiar and representative intra-urban are- Pescara-Chieti, centered on the two cities which are just as and to contribute to a redefinition of the resilience of 16 kilometers away. Their proximity has generated a con- the contemporary city able to show the factors of vulner- urbation (Massimi 1989) that is particularly evident in ability and to reveal the limits of urban planning. All the valley area corresponding to the ribbon-like configu- these aspects are in full compliance with the most recent ration of Chieti Scalo, perfectly welded with the western related scientific production, that has emphasized the expansion of Pescara, while the hilly historical core – plurality of the commercial landscapes – such as those Chieti Alta – keeps an isolated feature from the geomor- of the main streets, the ethnic and the suburban ones phological1 and socio-cultural points of view. – and has proposed a careful narrative of the dynam- The trade sector has been a powerful way to cre- ics that feed the different urban mosaic tiles (Carreras i ate territorial convergence and cohesion since the 1980’s Verdaguer, D’Alessandro 2017; D’Alessandro, Viganoni, (Landini 1981), when the period of the growing of the 2013; Loda, Mancini 2003; Clerici, Faravelli 2006). large-scale retail sector (Bullado, Buzzetti 2001; Bottini This paper specifically deals with peculiarities and 2005; Cirelli 2007; D’Alessandro 2015) fostered a further vulnerabilities: in the first case study – the retail sec- suburbanization driven by remarkable economic ben- tor in Chieti Scalo – we analyze the situation of a typi- efits, such as accessibility, scale and land advantages (that cal street center located on the highway S.S. Tiburtina, are typical of Fordist and capitalist systems). All these where there is a ribbon-like commercial model polar- aspects contributed to the growth of the main urban area ized on specific aggregation areas (railway station, uni- of Abruzzo, triggering, by means of substantial increases versity). The second case study – the urban suburbs of in size, rhythm and frequency of relationships, the urban Pescara – deals with the specific structure of the retail strengthening and the rehabilitation of suburbs. sector that hovers between settlement proposals and The analyzed area is, therefore, an urban agglom- commercial desertification. The last case study is about eration surrounded by shopping malls that operate as the ethnic trade in Pescara and analyzes the relationship focal points around which new forms of territorial coag- between space and ethnicity by means of a field research ulation, following the phase of settlement dispersion, aimed at assessing the level of integration and, possibly, have emerged. According to the “new retail geography” at observing areas of segregation and urban rifts. (Wrigley, Lowe 1996), their role has gone beyond the mere retail activity and has reached a more intricated situation characterized by the change in lifestyle and in 2. The commerce in the urban area of Pescara-Chieti: purchase habits of individuals, which foreshadows new a multiple and progressive reading. Adaptations, spaces for recreational tertiary and signs a paradigmatic peculiarities and vulnerabilities association between economic factors and cultural rea- sonings (Jackson 2002; Wrigley, Lowe 2002; Jackson, After the Second World War, the geographical prox- Thrift 1995; Wiedenhoft, Murphy 2017). imity played a role of opposition between the two cities 1 It should be noted that the hilly slopes of Chieti, characterized by a 2 This key has been the subject of critical analysis conducted by the marl-clayey structure, vulnerable to landslides, have heavily prevented PRIN Abruzzo working group. The conclusion to which reference the development of the edification and the connection between the should be made for specific in-depth analysis can be found in Fuschi, upper and the lower parts of the city (Ferrari 2019). Ferrari 2019. The Role of Commerce in the Main Urban Area of Abruzzo: an Intra-Urban Reading 95 of Pescara and Chieti, when the strong demographic and situation of downsizing and ageing population. This functional growth of Pescara (mainly due to internal contraction was due to its limitations, lying in the migratory flows from mountain areas attracted by the poor accessibility and the geomorphological vulner- increasing opportunities in the
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