ERC Project Assessment Documentation: Replacement of Lawn and Garden Equipmen with Electric Powered Equipment 11/26/2013 NOx ERC Cost Total Reductions Effectiveness Emissions Per Avg ($/Ton in Inventory Incentive Project District Project Name $1,000s) (tons/year) Funding (lbs/yr) Cost/Project Replace Residential Gasoline Lawn Mower with Cordless $21,127 1.51 $250 per 0.07 $250 Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline Lawn Mower with Cordless $14,300 1.17 $250 per 1.05 $250 Electric. Replace Residential Gasoline $11,126 0.27 $100 per 0.05 $100 Leaf Blower with Corded Electric
Replace Commercial Gasoline $2,838 1.20 $100 per 2.11 $100 Leaf Blower with Corded Electric Replace Residential Gasoline Trimmer/edger/brush cutter with $2,529 3.50 $100 per 0.24 $100 Corded Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline Trimmer/edger brush cutter with $4,598 2.14 $100 per 1.31 $100 Corded Electric Replace Residential Gasoline $11,126 0.25 $100 per 0.05 $100 Chainsaw with Corded Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline $1,925 1.24 $100 per 3.12 $100 Chainsaw with Corded Electric
ROC ERC Cost Total Reductions Effectiveness Emissions Per Avg ($/Ton in Inventory Incentive Project District Project Name $1,000s) (tons/year) Funding (lbs/yr) Cost/Project Replace Residential Gasoline Lawn Mower with Cordless $845 13.57 $250 per 1.78 $250 Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline Lawn Mower with Cordless $762 10.22 $250 per 19.68 $250 Electric. Replace Residential Gasoline $585 0.83 $100 per 1.03 $100 Leaf Blower with Corded Electric
Replace Commercial Gasoline $149 3.60 $100 per 40.21 $100 Leaf Blower with Corded Electric Replace Residential Gasoline Trimmer/edger/brush cutter with $133 10.52 $100 per 4.51 $100 Corded Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline Trimmer/edger brush cutter with $242 6.43 $100 per 24.83 $100 Corded Electric Replace Residential Gasoline $585 0.74 $100 per 1.03 $100 Chainsaw with Corded Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline $101 3.72 $100 per 59.30 $100 Chainsaw with Corded Electric
PM ERC Cost Total Reductions Effectiveness Emissions Per Avg ($/Ton in Inventory Incentive Project District Project Name $1,000s) (tons/year) Funding (lbs/yr) Cost/Project Replace Residential Gasoline Lawn Mower with Cordless $31,250 1.02 $250 per 0.05 $250 Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline Lawn Mower with Cordless $21,152 0.79 $250 per 0.71 $250 Electric. Replace Residential Gasoline $16,457 0.19 $100 per 0.04 $100 Leaf Blower with Corded Electric
Replace Commercial Gasoline $4,198 0.81 $100 per 1.43 $100 Leaf Blower with Corded Electric Replace Residential Gasoline Trimmer/edger/brush cutter with $3,740 2.36 $100 per 0.16 $100 Corded Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline Trimmer/edger brush cutter with $6,800 1.44 $100 per 0.88 $100 Corded Electric Replace Residential Gasoline $16,457 0.17 $100 per 0.04 $100 Chainsaw with Corded Electric Replace Commercial Gasoline $2,847 0.84 $100 per 2.11 $100 Chainsaw with Corded Electric nt
Project Life
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
1
Project Life
10
1
10
1
10 1
10
1
Project Life
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
1 Total Inventory
Total emissions for each equipment type was esimated on the basis of ARBs estimate of annual emission reductions from the replacement of residential lawn mowers with electric corded mowers. These esimates given below.
The Moyer estimates for resdential gasoline lawn mowers are given below:
Table 14-1
Gasoline Lawn Moyer Emission Reductions (lbs/yr) Year ROG NOx PM10 2010 1.137 0.071 0.048
Ref: 2011 Moyer Program Guidance, ARB, Table 14-1.
We tracked down the documentation from ARB, which is included (see the ARBDoc tab).
Because the Moyer project is the replacement of a gasoline with an electric (zero emission) lawnmower the emission reductions are also the emissions from the equipment.
Daily emissions for commerical lawn mowers were estimated based on the difference in use between residential and commerical gasoline mowers. Here are the data for the two types and other equipment types.
Equip Type HP Load Hrs/yr Life years BSFC Residential lawn mower 4 0.36 16 12 1.1 Commercial lawn mower 4 0.36 229 1 1.1
Residential leaf blowers 1 0.5 5 16 1.3 Commercial leaf blowers 1 0.5 196 1 1.3
Residential trimmer/edger /brush wacker 1 0.5 22 7 1.3 Commerical trimmer/edger /brush wacker 1 0.5 121 1 1.3
Residential chainsaws 1 0.5 5 16 1.3 Commercial chainsaws 1 0.5 289 1 1.3
Ref hp, load, hrs, life: ARB Offroad model input 7/06; Table MO99_32.5. BSFC Appendix B to: PUBLIC MEETING TO CONSIDER APPROVAL OF THE CALIFORNIA SMALL OFF-ROAD ENGINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY, March 1998
So annual estimates for commercial equipment was estimated by increasing the annual residential lawn mower emission by the ratio of 229 hours/16 hours.
Gasoline Lawn Moyer Emissions (lbs/yr) ROG NOx PM10 Gasoline Residential Lawn 1.137 0.071 0.048 Mower Gasoline Commerical Lawn 16.273 1.016 0.687 Mower
Estitmates for the other types of equipment was estimate by adjusting the lawn mower emission rates with the relative differences between the mowers and other equipment hp, engien hours per year, engine load, and average difference in emission rates between four stroke (mowers) and two stroke (other equipment types).
Equipment hp, hours/yr, and load data were given in the table above. The average difference in rates was generated by calculating average four stroke and two stroke certified emission rates for small spark ignited equipment under EPA's emission certification program and database for model year 2013 engines. On average the certified rate for two stroke engines is eight (8) times that of 4 stroke engines.
The estimated emission rates for the other equipment types are then:
ROC Combust ROC Evap ROC SubTotal ROC Spill ROC Total NOx PM Equipment Type hrs/yr lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip Residential lawn mower 15.5 0.29 0.85 1.14 0.64 1.78 0.07 0.05 Commercial lawn mower 229 4.28 6.26 10.54 9.14 19.68 1.05 0.71
Residential leaf blowers 5 0.22 0.64 0.86 0.16 1.03 0.05 0.04 Commercial leaf blowers 196 8.63 25.22 33.85 6.36 40.21 2.11 1.43
Residential trimmer/edger /brush wacker 22 0.97 2.83 3.80 0.71 4.51 0.24 0.16 Commerical trimmer/edger /brush wacker 121 5.33 15.57 20.90 3.93 24.83 1.31 0.88
Residential chainsaws 5 0.22 0.64 0.86 0.16 1.03 0.05 0.04 Commercial chainsaws 289 12.73 37.18 49.92 9.38 59.30 3.12 2.11
As indicated above, ROC emissions from refueling spillage were also included. This source of ROCs was not included in ARB lawnmower emission data given above or in ARB's offroad model. Spillage emissions were estimated using an EPA/ARB method: EF = 17 grams/tank capacity in gallons. “Refueling Emissions for Nonroad Engine Modeling” (NR-013a), EPA.
So to calculate spillage we need an estimate of tank capacity, which was obtained by a Google search of common equipment in each equipment type, and gallons of fuel consumed each year by each type. The calculation of spillage emissions is given below:
grams VOC / BSFC Fuel tank gallon gallons/yr refueling Equipment Type (lb/hp-hr) hrs/yr hp load capacity refueling burned VOC lbs/yr Residential lawn mower 1.1 15.5 4 0.36 0.24 70.83 4.09 0.64 Commercial lawn mower 9.14
Residential leaf blowers 1.3 5 1 0.50 0.13 136.00 0.54 0.16 Commercial leaf blowers 1.3 6.36
Residential trimmer/edger /brush wacker 1.3 22 1 0.50 0.13 136.00 2.38 0.71 Commerical trimmer/edger /brush wacker 1.3 3.93
Residential chainsaws 1.3 5 1 0.50 0.13 136.00 0.54 0.16 Commercial chainsaws 1.3 289 9.38
To generate an inventory the final piece of information we need is an estimate of the equipment population in the county. This data was generated by disaggregating statewide equipment population data using relative population in the state and Santa Barbara.
These calculation are given below.
Population 2010 CA 37,253,956 Pop 2010 SB Co. 423,895 SB Co % of CA 1.14%
Lawn Mowers CA SB Resident (G4) 3,735,651 42,506 Comm (G4) 196,613 2,237 Leaf Blowers Resident (G2) 894,688 10,180 Comm (G2) 99,410 1,131 Trimmer/edger/brush cutter Resident (G2) 2,590,302 29,474 Comm (G2) 287,811 3,275 Chainsaw Resident (G2) 1 hp 801,752 9,123 Comm (G2) 1 hp 69,718 793
Pop data from US Census Equipment data from "OffRoad Model Input Factors (7/06)," ID
So the total inventory of equipment by project type is:
Equipment Type No in Co. NOx (tons/yr) ROC (tons/yr) PM (tons/yr) Residential lawn 42,506 1.51 13.57 1.02 mower Commercial lawn 2,237 1.17 10.22 0.79 mower Residential leaf 10,180 0.27 0.83 0.19 blowers Commercial leaf 1,131 1.20 3.60 0.81 blowers
Residential trimmer/edger 29,474 3.50 10.52 2.36 /brush wacker Commerical trimmer/edger 3,275 2.14 6.43 1.44 /brush wacker
Residential 9,123 0.25 0.74 0.17 chainsaws Commercial 793 1.24 3.72 0.84 chainsaws
Incentive Funding
A Google search of cordless lawn mowers indicates prices from $200 to $600. The selection of an incentive of $250/mower was an assumption about what might be sufficient. A Google search of other types of corded electric equipment ranged from $50 to $150. The selection of an incentive amount of $100 per equipment was also a guess on the what might a sufficient incentive amount. If any of these projects are pursued some type of survey should done to refine the new equipment specs, price, and incentive amount.
Reductions Per Average Project
These data were derived in the course of developing the inventory above.
ROC Total NOx PM Equipment Type lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip lbs/yr/equip Residential lawn 1.78 0.07 0.05 mower Commercial lawn 19.68 1.05 0.71 mower Residential leaf 1.03 0.05 0.04 blowers Commercial leaf 40.21 2.11 1.43 blowers Residential trimmer/edger 4.51 0.24 0.16 /brush wacker Commerical trimmer/edger 24.83 1.31 0.88 /brush wacker Residential 1.03 0.05 0.04 chainsaws Commercial 59.30 3.12 2.11 chainsaws
Project Life
For the residential lawnmower replacements under Moyer ARB set the project life at 10 years, so it takes three cycles of funding to generate 30 years of reductions. For the commercial replacements, Moyer assumes a 1 year project life, so it takes 30 cycles of funding to generate 30 years of reductions.
ERC Cost Effectiveness $/ton reduced, in $1,000s
Here are the annual emission reductions over 30 years.
Fraction of NOx ROC PM Replacement total replaced No Replaced Reduction Reduction Reduction Equipment Type No in Co. Cycle (years) per cycle per Cycle tons/yr tons/yr tons/yr Residential lawn 42,506 10 1/3 14,155 0.50 12.57 0.34 mower Commercial lawn 2,237 1 1/3 745 0.39 7.33 0.26 mower Residential leaf 10,180 10 1/3 3,390 0.09 1.74 0.06 blowers Commercial leaf 1,131 1 1/3 377 0.40 7.57 0.27 blowers Residential trimmer/edger 29,474 10 1/3 9,815 1.16 22.15 0.79 /brush wacker Commerical trimmer/edger 3,275 1 1/3 1,091 0.71 13.54 0.48 /brush wacker Residential 9,123 10 1/3 3,038 0.08 1.56 0.06 chainsaws Commercial 793 1 1/3 264 0.41 7.83 0.28 chainsaws Total cost is the total number of replacements over the 30 year period.
No Replaced $ / Total Cost Equipment Type per Cycle No Cycles No Replaced Replacement ($1,000s) Residential lawn 14,155 3 42,464 $250 $10,616 mower Commercial lawn 745 30 22,349 $250 $5,587 mower Residential leaf 3,390 3 10,170 $100 $1,017 blowers Commercial leaf 377 30 11,300 $100 $1,130 blowers Residential trimmer/edger 9,815 3 29,444 $100 $2,944 /brush wacker Commerical trimmer/edger 1,091 30 32,716 $100 $3,272 /brush wacker Residential 3,038 3 9,114 $100 $911 chainsaws Commercial 264 30 7,925 $100 $792 chainsaws
ERC Cost effectivess, the total project cost/ tons per year reduced, would be
NOx PMx Cost/Ton ROC Cost/Ton Cost/Ton Equipment Type ($1,000s) ($1,000s) ($1,000s) Residential lawn mower $21,127 $845 $31,250 Commercial lawn mower $14,300 $762 $21,152 Residential leaf blowers $11,126 $585 $16,457 Commercial leaf blowers $2,838 $149 $4,198 Residential trimmer/edger /brush wacker $2,529 $133 $3,740 Commerical trimmer/edger /brush wacker $4,598 $242 $6,800 Residential chainsaws $11,126 $585 $16,457 Commercial chainsaws $1,925 $101 $2,847 Caveats and Notes:
Numbers are rough estimates. ARB's Off-road model not well documented.
Feasibility of replacing commercial gasoline lawn mower with electric needs to be confirmed. For example, several battery packs may be required to provide a full day of service, and the life/cost of battery packs needs to be assessed.
Feasibly of replacing other lawn and garden equipment with corded also needs to be assessed, especially for commercial equipment.
ARB said they are plan to complete a comprehensive update of this inventory category within a year. Some of the estimates could change significantly. For example, some EPA load data is twice as high as ARB data for the same equipment (commercial leaf blowers).