Coral Bleaching Examples

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Mote Marine Laboratory / Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Florida Keys BleachWatch Program EXAMPLES OF BLEACHING Common Name: Common Name: Knobby Cactus Coral Staghorn Coral Coral Type: Coral Type: Fleshy Branching Bleaching Severity: Bleaching Severity: No Bleaching No Bleaching Mycetophyllia ferox NO BLEACHING Acropora cervicornis Common Name: Common Name: Flower Coral Lettuce Coral Coral Type: Coral Type: Flower / Cup Leaf / Plate / Sheet Bleaching Severity: Bleaching Severity: No Bleaching No Bleaching Eusmilia fastigiana Undaria agaricites PALING BLEACHED Common Name: Common Name: Massive Starlet Coral Finger Coral Coral Type: Coral Type: Mound and Boulder Branching Bleaching Severity: Bleaching Severity: Paling Bleached Siderastrea siderea Porites porites Common Name: Common Name: Boulder Brain Coral Mountainous Star Coral Coral Type: Coral Type: Mound and Boulder Mound and Boulder Bleaching Severity: Bleaching Severity: Paling Bleached Colpophyllia natans Orbicella faveolata Common Name: Common Name: Boulder Star Coral Boulder Brain Coral Coral Type: Coral Type: Mound and Boulder Mound and Boulder Bleaching Severity: Bleaching Severity: Upper Surface / Paling Bleached Orbicella annularis Colpophyllia natans Progression of coral bleaching…… Photo 1 Photo 2 Photo 3 TIME AND STRESS The above photos illustrate a time line of bleaching for Elkhorn Coral Acropora palmata. Photo 1 is a healthy colony with a brown tint provided by the zooxanthellae. Photo 2 the entire colony has expelled their zooxanthellae causing a “bleached” white appearance. Photo 3 the colony was not able to regain the zooxanthellae and mortality and algae growth has occurred. Helpful tips on IDENTIFICATION…. Photo: CRogers Black-Band Disease White Pox Disease Yellow-Band Disease Forms a dark ring usually starting on Forms small white patches of Circular yellow tissue with the outer edges of the coral. denuded skeleton eventual dead in the center. Found on many species. Affects Elkhorn and Staghorn coral. Mainly Brain and Boulder corals. White Band Disease White Plague Disease Fish Bites Tissue peels off skeleton from base Forms a distinct disease line on outer Usually found in pairs from beak to branch tips at uniform rate edges of the coral. marks of parrot fish. Found on Acropora species. Found on many species. Found on all species. NON-STONY CORALS AND BLEACHING Fire Coral Palythoa Is a hydrocoral, not Is a Cnidarian, not stony coral like rest stony coral like rest Has stinging polyps Similar to anemones Is encrusting Is encrusting Family Milleporidae Family Zoanthidea Millepora alcicornis Palythoa caribaeorum .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Coral Bleaching Early Warning Network Current Conditions Report #20090910
Mote Marine Laboratory / Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Coral Bleaching Early Warning Network Current Conditions Report #20090910 Updated September 10, 2009 Summary: Based on climate predictions, current conditions, and field observations, the threat for mass coral bleaching within the FKNMS remains MODERATE. Figure 2. NOAA’s Coral Bleaching HotSpot Map for September 10, 2009. Figure 1. NOAA’s Coral Bleaching Thermal Stress Outlook for Sept. – Dec., 2009. www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html Weather and Sea Temperatures According to the latest NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coral Bleaching Thermal Stress Outlook (updated Sept. 10, 2009) there continues to be significant potential for coral bleaching throughout the Caribbean in 2009, especially in the Lesser Antilles; however, it now appears that the likelihood of significant bleaching in the Florida Keys has been reduced compared to the rest of the greater Caribbean (Fig. 1). Current remote sensing analysis by NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch program Figure 3. NOAA’s Degree Heating Weeks Map for September 10, 2009. indicates that the Florida Keys region continues to experience elevated levels www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html of thermal stress and moderate potential for coral bleaching. NOAA’s recent Water Temperatures (August 27 - September 10, 2009) Coral Bleaching HotSpot Map (Fig. 2), which provides current sea surface 35 temperature (SST) compared to the historically expected SST’s for the region, shows that temperature anomalies for the Florida Keys National Marine 30 Sanctuary and surrounding waters continue to remain above-average and have increased slightly since the end of August.
[Show full text]
Turbidity Criterion for the Protection of Coral Reef and Hardbottom Communities
DRAFT Implementation of the Turbidity Criterion for the Protection of Coral Reef and Hardbottom Communities Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration Florida Department of Environmental Protection October 2020 Contents Section 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose of Document .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background Information ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Proposed Criterion and Rule Language .............................................................................................. 2 1.4 Threatened and Endangered Species Considerations .......................................................................... 5 1.5 Outstanding Florida Waters (OFW) Considerations ........................................................................... 5 1.6 Natural Factors Influencing Background Turbidity Levels ................................................................ 7 Section 2. Implementation in Permitting ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Permitting Information ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Establishing Baseline (Pre-project) Levels ........................................................................................
[Show full text]
Regional Studies in Marine Science Reef Condition and Protection Of
Regional Studies in Marine Science 32 (2019) 100893 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Regional Studies in Marine Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rsma Reef condition and protection of coral diversity and evolutionary history in the marine protected areas of Southeastern Dominican Republic ∗ Camilo Cortés-Useche a,b, , Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo a, Johanna Calle-Triviño a,b, Roshni Yathiraj c, Jesús Ernesto Arias-González a a Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad Mérida B.P. 73 CORDEMEX, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico b Fundación Dominicana de Estudios Marinos FUNDEMAR, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic c ReefWatch Marine Conservation, Bandra West, Mumbai 400050, India article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Changes in structure and function of coral reefs are increasingly significant and few sites in the Received 18 February 2019 Caribbean can tolerate local and global stress factors. Therefore, we assessed coral reef condition Received in revised form 20 September 2019 indicators in reefs within and outside of MPAs in the southeastern Dominican Republic, considering Accepted 15 October 2019 benthic cover as well as the composition, diversity, recruitment, mortality, bleaching, the conservation Available online 18 October 2019 status and evolutionary distinctiveness of coral species. In general, we found that reef condition Keywords: indicators (coral and benthic cover, recruitment, bleaching, and mortality) within the MPAs showed Coral reefs better conditions than in the unprotected area (Boca Chica). Although the comparison between the Caribbean Boca Chica area and the MPAs may present some spatial imbalance, these zones were chosen for Biodiversity the purpose of making a comparison with a previous baseline presented.
[Show full text]
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 229/Friday, November 27, 2020/Proposed Rules
76302 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 229 / Friday, November 27, 2020 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE required fields, and enter or attach your Background comments. We listed twenty coral species as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Instructions: You must submit threatened under the ESA effective Administration comments by the above to ensure that October 10, 2014 (79 FR 53851, we receive, document, and consider September 10, 2014). Five of the corals 50 CFR Parts 223 and 226 them. Comments sent by any other occur in the Caribbean: Orbicella [Docket No. 200918–0250] method or received after the end of the annularis, O. faveolata, O. franksi, comment period, may not be Dendrogyra cylindrus, and RIN 0648–BG26 considered. All comments received are Mycetophyllia ferox. The final listing a part of the public record and will determinations were all based on the Endangered and Threatened Species; generally be posted to http:// best scientific and commercial Critical Habitat for the Threatened www.regulations.gov without change. information available on a suite of Caribbean Corals All Personal Identifying Information (for demographic, spatial, and susceptibility example, name, address, etc.) components that influence the species’ AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries vulnerability to extinction in the face of Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and voluntarily submitted by the commenter continuing threats over the foreseeable Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), may be publicly accessible. Do not future. All of the species had undergone Commerce. submit Confidential Business Information or otherwise sensitive or population declines and are susceptible ACTION: Proposed rule; request for protected information. to multiple threats, including: Ocean comments. NMFS will accept anonymous warming, diseases, ocean acidification, ecological effects of fishing, and land- SUMMARY: We, NMFS, propose to comments (enter ‘‘N/A’’ in the required based sources of pollution.
[Show full text]
Orbicella Annularis )
s e r i a ) d s i e l n s ) b i i r a C i s i a d l / v e u s m L n i e k n t i A i l a w l ( . a M y r Corail étoile massif I O a o r N c e W d s A s (Orbicella annularis ) i e n u d o a l L Classification s p e t Autres noms : Montastraea annularis, s p o r e Boulder star coral (EN) s Phylum Cnidaires ( Cnidaria ) G ( E Classe Anthozoaires ( Anthozoa ) sp èc Ordre Scléractiniaires ( Scleractinia ) e e m gé Famille Merulinidés ( Merulinidae ) arine proté Statut Liste Rouge UICN – mondial : en danger d’extinction I ) a dentification i d 1 e n m i Taille : colonies jusqu’à 3 m d’envergure k i n w ( Teinte : brun-doré à brun-roux ; plus rarement grise ou verte A n extrémité supérieure en forme de A Aspect : colonnes longues et épaisses à l’ O dôme ou nodule ; colonnes reliées entre elles qu’à la base ; l’ensemble forme N des monticules massifs et irréguliers n Squelette (ou corallites) : bouts protubérants de manière plus ou moins marquée ; symétrie radiale ; 2,1-2,7 mm de diamètre ; 24 septes par calice ; petites corallites en forme d’étoile, espacées de 1-1,2 mm les unes des autres ) a i Cycle de vie d 2 e m i n k Longévité : inconnue mais estimée supérieure à 10 ans voir jusqu’à 100 ans pour i w ( une colonie A A n O Maturité sexuelle inconnue mais temps de génération estimé à 10 ans N n Alimentation composés carbonés (photosynthèse des algues symbiotiques) et zooplanctonique n Reproduction : sexuée et asexuée ; hermaphrodisme ; tous les ans entre mi-août et septembre Comportement 1 - Colonie de O.
[Show full text]
Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent.
[Show full text]
Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
[Show full text]
Florida Keys…
What Do We Know? • Florida Keys… − Stony coral benthic cover declined by 40% from 1996 – 2009 (Ruzicka et al. 2013). − Potential Driving Factor? Stress due to extreme cold & warm water temperatures − Stony coral communities in patch reefs remained relatively constant after the 1998 El Niño (Ruzicka et al. 2013). − Patch reefs exposed to moderate SST Carysfort Reef - Images from Gene Shinn - USGS Photo Gallery variability exhibited the highest % live coral cover (Soto et al. 2011). Objective To test if the differences in stony coral diversity on Florida Keys reefs were correlated with habitats or SST variability from 1996 - 2010. Methods: Coral Reef Evaluation & Monitoring Program (CREMP) % coral cover 43 species DRY TORTUGAS UPPER KEYS MIDDLE KEYS LOWER KEYS 36 CREMP STATIONS (Patch Reefs (11), Offshore Shallow (12), Offshore Deep (13)) Methods: Sea Surface Temperature (SST) • Annual SST variance were derived from weekly means. • Categories for SST variability (variance): • Low (<7.0°C2) • Intermediate (7.0 - 10.9°C2) • High (≥11.0°C2) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SST data Vega-Rodriguez M et al. (2015) Results 1 I 0.5 Acropora palmata I s i Millepora complanata x Multivariate Statistics A l a Acropora c i Agaricia agaricites n o Pseudodiploriarevealed clivosa cervicornisthat stonycomplex n a C 0 Porites astreoides Madracis auretenra h t i coral diversity varied w Diploria labyrinthiformis Agaricia lamarcki n o Siderastrea radians i t Porites porites a l e significantly with r r Orbicella annularis o C -0.5 Pseudodiploriahabitats strigosa Colpophyllia natansStephanocoenia intercepta Montastraea cavernosa Siderastrea siderea Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP) -1 0.6 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 Correlation with Canonical Axis I ) % 0.4 7 6 .
[Show full text]
Impact of the 2005 Coral Bleaching Event on Porites Porites and Colpophyllia Natans at Tektite Reef, US Virgin Islands
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Coral Reefs (2007) 26:689–693 DOI 10.1007/s00338-007-0241-y NOTE Impact of the 2005 coral bleaching event on Porites porites and Colpophyllia natans at Tektite Reef, US Virgin Islands K. R. T. Whelan · J. Miller · O. Sanchez · M. Patterson Received: 7 August 2006 / Accepted: 19 April 2007 / Published online: 6 June 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract A thermal stress anomaly in 2005 caused mass Introduction coral bleaching at a number of north-east Caribbean reefs. The impact of the thermal stress event and subsequent Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps loose pigment or White-plague disease type II on Porites porites and Colpo- expel zooxanthellae due to physiological stress, which phyllia natans was monitored using a time series of photo- recently has been most-often related to high water tempera- graphs from Tektite Reef, Virgin Islands National Park, tures and high solar radiation (Brown 1997; Winter et al. St. John. Over 92% of the P. porites and 96% of the 1998; Santavy et al. 2005). Since the 1980s, reports of coral C. natans experienced extensive bleaching (>30% of col- bleaching in the Caribbean have increased, with major ony bleached). During the study, 56% of P. porites and Caribbean-wide bleaching occurring in 1997–1998 (Hoegh- 42% of C. natans experienced whole-colony mortality Guldberg 1999; Aronson et al. 2000; Gardner et al. 2003). within the sample plots. While all whole-colony mortality Approximately 43–47% of coral tissue bleached at two St of P.
[Show full text]
Review on Hard Coral Recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia
Universitas Scientiarum, 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 200-218 Disponible en línea en: www.javeriana.edu.co/universitas_scientiarum 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 200-218 SICI: 2027-1352(201109/12)16:3<200:RHCRCSIC>2.0.TS;2-W Invited review Review on hard coral recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia Alberto Acosta1, Luisa F. Dueñas2, Valeria Pizarro3 1 Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 2 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Marina - BIOMMAR, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 3 Programa de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Santa Marta. Colombia. * [email protected] Recibido: 28-02-2011; Aceptado: 11-05-2011 Abstract Recruitment, defined and measured as the incorporation of new individuals (i.e. coral juveniles) into a population, is a fundamental process for ecologists, evolutionists and conservationists due to its direct effect on population structure and function. Because most coral populations are self-feeding, a breakdown in recruitment would lead to local extinction. Recruitment indirectly affects both renewal and maintenance of existing and future coral communities, coral reef biodiversity (bottom-up effect) and therefore coral reef resilience. This process has been used as an indirect measure of individual reproductive success (fitness) and is the final stage of larval dispersal leading to population connectivity. As a result, recruitment has been proposed as an indicator of coral-reef health in marine protected areas, as well as a central aspect of the decision-making process concerning management and conservation.
[Show full text]
White-Band Disease in <I>Acropora Palmata</I>
NOTES 639 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. 32(2): 639-643. 1982 WHITE-BAND DISEASE IN ACROPORA PALMATA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF SHALLOW REEFS W. B. Gladfelter In the last two decades a wide variety of organisms has been implicated in the destruction of reef-building corals (Glynn, 1973; Endean, 1976; Antonius, 1977). These fall generally into three categories: predators (Endean, 1973; Bak and van Eys, 1975; Reese, 1977), competitors for substrate (Glynn, 1973; Lang, 1973; Gladfelter et al., 1978) and disease-causing organisms (Garrett and DuckIow, 1975; Mitchell and Chet, 1975). In most instances the known impact of such organisms is restricted to portions of, or at most, single coral colonies. The impact of such organisms on whole reefs or systems has been documented only for the predatory starfish Acanthaster planci (Endean, 1973). In the present study we document the impact of another agent on a reef-wide scale. In much of the Caribbean Sea shallow windward reefs are dominated at depths of 1 to 5 m or more by the large branched coral Acropora palmata (Adey and Burke, 1976; Adey, 1978). In some such reefs >99% of living coral surface be- longs to this species (pers. obs.). In addition to quantitative dominance on such reefs this coral has one of the greatest rates of deposition of CaC03 per unit tissue surface (Gladfelter et al., 1978; Gladfelter and Gladfelter, unpublished) as well as high linear growth rates (5-10 cm/yr, Gladfelter et al., 1978) and consequently healthy A. palmata reefs exhibit some of the greatest measured reef growth rates (Adey and Burke, 1976 and unpublished calculations by Gladfelter and Gladfelter 2 of 10.3 kg CaC03/m /yr).
[Show full text]
Coral Disease Fact Sheet
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Coral Reef Conservation Program SEAFAN BleachWatch Program Coral Disease Fact Sheet About Coral Disease Like all other animals, corals can be affected by disease. Coral disease was first recognized in the Florida Keys and the Caribbean in the 1970s, and since that time disease reports have emerged from reefs worldwide. Naturally, there are background levels of coral disease but reports of elevated disease levels – often called disease outbreaks – have been increasing in both frequency and severity over the past few decades. Today, coral disease is recognized as a major driver of coral mortality and reef degradation. Coral disease can result from infection by microscopic organisms (such as bacteria or fungi) or can be caused by abnormal growth (akin to tumors). The origins or causes of most coral diseases are not known and difficult to determine. There is increasing evidence that environmental stressors, including increasing water temperatures, elevated nutrient levels, sewage input, sedimentation, overfishing, plastic pollution, and even recreational diving, are increasing the prevalence and Disease affecting Great Star Coral (Montastraea severity of coral diseases. There is also strong evidence cavernosa). Photo credit: Nikole Ordway-Heath (Broward County; 2016). that a combination of coral bleaching and disease can be particularly devastating to coral populations. This is likely due to corals losing a major source of energy during a bleaching event, reducing their ability to fight off or control disease agents. Coral disease is often identifiable by a change in tissue color or skeletal structure as well as progressive tissue loss. Tissue loss may originate from a single discrete spot, multiple discrete areas, or appear scattered throughout the colony.
[Show full text]