DOCSLIB.ORG

(Serpentes: Elapidae), Una Serpiente Coral Amenazada Poco Conocida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Serpentes: Elapidae), Una Serpiente Coral Amenazada Poco Conocida Disponible en www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86 (2015) 1041–1047 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Conservación Nuevos datos sobre la distribución, morfología y conservación de Micrurus silviae (Serpentes: Elapidae), una serpiente coral amenazada poco conocida New data on distribution, morphology and conservation of Micrurus silviae (Serpentes: Elapidae), a poorly known threatened coral snake a,b,∗ c a,b Alejandro R. Giraudo , Santiago J. Nenda , Vanesa Arzamendia , a a Gisela P. Bellini y Alejandro Franzoy a Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CP300, Santa Fe, Argentina b Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CP300, Santa Fe, Argentina c División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina Recibido el 14 de enero de 2015; aceptado el 27 de julio de 2015 Disponible en Internet el 3 de noviembre de 2015 Resumen Damos a conocer nuevos datos sobre la distribución, morfología y estado de conservación de Micrurus silviae, una especie rara de serpiente coral, recientemente descrita con pocos ejemplares. Analizamos 20 ejemplares adicionales de 12 localidades en Argentina, aumentando su distribución 320 km hacia el oeste y completando vacíos de distribución entre Brasil y Paraguay. La especie habita en sabanas del distrito de los Campos, un área transicional entre las provincias fitogeográficas Paranaense, Chaquena,˜ del Espinal y Pampeana. Discutimos caracteres diagnósticos que permiten diferenciarla de otras 6 especies simpátridas del género. Su pequena˜ área de ocupación, sumada a una disminución continua de la extensión y calidad del hábitat provocada por forestaciones de pinos, inundación por represas y cultivos de arroz, apoyan su inclusión como especie amenazada en Argentina. Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Palabras clave: Reptiles; Taxonomía; Lepidosis; Morfometría; Diagnosis; Biogeografía Abstract We present new data on the distribution, morphology and conservation status of a rare species of coral snake, Micrurus silviae, recently described with few specimens. We analyzed 20 additional specimens from 12 localities in Argentina, increasing its distribution 320 km westward and filling gaps in the known distribution between Brazil and Paraguay. The species inhabits savannas of the Campos District, a transitional area between the Paranaense, Chaco, Espinal and Pampas phytogeographic provinces. We discussed diagnostic features that can be differentiated from 6 sympatric species of the genus. Its small area of occupation coupled with a continuing decline in its extent and quality of habitat, caused by afforestation with pines, and flooding caused by dams and rice crops, support its inclusion as endangered species in Argentina. All Rights Reserved © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. This is an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. Keywords: Reptiles; Taxonomy; Lepidosis; Morphometry; Diagnosis; Biogeography ∗ Autor para correspondencia. Correo electrónico: [email protected] (A.R. Giraudo). La revisión por pares es responsabilidad de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2015.09.007 1870-3453/Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. 1042 A.R. Giraudo et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86 (2015) 1041–1047 Introducción existencia de hemipenes y se estudiaron los caracteres morfoló- gicos y de coloración diagnósticos indicados para las especies Las serpientes coral del género Micrurus Wagler son alta- de Micrurus (Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins y Da Silva, 2007; mente venenosas y muy llamativas por sus típicos anillos de Harvey, Aparicio y González, 2003; Silva y Sites, 1999), inclu- colores contrastados (Roze, 1996). Contienen unas 79 especies yendo caracteres morfológicos: longitud hocico-cloaca (LHC), en América (Uetz y Hosek,ˇ 2014), muchas de ellas con lími- de la cola (LCO) y de la cabeza (LCA), expresados en mm; tes entre especies poco definidos y complejos, lo que generó número de escamas ventrales (VEN), de subcaudales (SUB), numerosas confusiones históricas y actuales en sus asignaciones de supralabiales —indicando cuántas contactan con el ojo— e taxonómicas (Roze, 1996; Scrocchi, 1990; Silva y Sites, 1999; infralabiales —indicando cuántas contactan con el único par de Vuoto, 2000, 2005, 2007, 2008). En la República Argentina la escudos mentales o geneiales—; fórmula de escamas tempora- situación no fue diferente, con asignaciones específicas y sub- les anteriores + posteriores; hileras dorsales; anteriores, al medio específicas confusas y muy cambiantes en el tiempo, situación cuerpo y antes de la cloaca; patrón de coloración: número de tría- que se extiende hasta mediados del siglo xx (ver Vuoto, 2007 das en el cuerpo y en la cola, las tríadas incompletas de la cola para una revisión). Varias revisiones y listas taxonómicas más son expresadas como fracciones. Siguiendo las recomendacio- recientes (e.g., Ábalos y Mischis, 1975; Cei, 1993; Giraudo, nes de Harvey et al. (2003), el tamano˜ relativo de los anillos 2001 [2004]; Giraudo y Scrocchi, 2002; Roze, 1994, 1996; del cuerpo fue cuantificado mediante el conteo de las escamas Vuoto, 2005, 2007, 2008; Williams y Francini, 1991), y prin- vertebrales, octava hilera dorsal, que ocupan. Se compararon de cipalmente los detallados estudios sistemáticos de Campbell esta manera la longitud del anillo rojo nucal, inmediatamente y Lamar (2004), Scrocchi (1990) y Silva y Sites (1999), pro- después de las parietales, las longitudes de los anillos negros y pusieron la existencia en Argentina de los siguientes taxones: blancos de la primera tríada del cuerpo y de la tríada que corres- Micrurus corallinus (Merrem, 1820), M. frontalis (Duméril, ponde al medio cuerpo, si el número de tríadas es par se tomó la Bibron y Duméril, 1854), M. altirostris (Cope, 1860), M. balio- primera desde la cabeza que coincidió con la mitad, y los anillos coryphus (Cope, 1862), M. lemniscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) y rojos anteriores y posteriores a la tríada central. M. pyrrhocryptus (Cope, 1862). Giraudo (2001 [2004]) estu- dió material del noreste argentino, siguiendo el ordenamiento Resultados propuesto por Silva y Sites (1999), recomendando la necesidad de más estudios sobre el grupo debido a inconvenientes para Los 20 ejemplares registrados se distribuyen en 12 locali- reconocer las especies, con ejemplares aparentemente intergra- dades (fig. 1, Anexo 1). Seis de ellas corresponden al sur de dantes, entre ellas, aspecto ya mencionado por Roze (1996) y la provincia de Misiones y abarcan registros ubicados entre Scrocchi (1990). Recientemente se describió una nueva especie las localidades conocidas de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Di- de coral, M. silviae Di-Bernardo et al., 2007, que se distribuye Bernardo et al., 2007) y la única localidad en el Paraguay (Cabral en Río Grande do Sul (Brasil), con registros a unos 130 km de y Sforza, 2014; Cacciali, Espínola, Centrón, Gauto y Cabral, la frontera con Argentina. Desde entonces se comenzó a bus- 2011). Otras 6 localidades en Argentina corresponden a la pro- car a la especie en áreas cercanas a su distribución hasta que vincia de Corrientes y constituyen los registros más occidentales fueron registrados 2 ejemplares de M. silviae, mencionados bre- conocidos para la especie, aumentando la distribución conocida vemente en la categorización sobre el estado de conservación unos 320 km en línea recta hacia el oeste de los registros más de las serpientes argentinas, donde es incluida como especie cercanos en Brasil y unos 360 km al suroeste de la localidad amenazada (Giraudo et al., 2012). La recolecta de material y de Paraguay (fig. 1). El 70%, 14 de los 20 ejemplares, fueron la revisión de museos nos posibilitó registrar varios ejempla- registrados en el distrito de los Campos, provincia Paranaense res de M. silviae en Argentina, aumentando significativamente o Atlántica Interior (sensu Cabrera, 1994; Giraudo, Krauczuk, el conocimiento sobre la distribución, variación morfológica Arzamendia y Povedano, 2003), una región transicional entre y estado de conservación de esta coral poco conocida y las provincias fitogeográficas Paranaense, Chaquena,˜ del Espi- amenazada. nal y Pampeana, en áreas con relieve ondulado caracterizadas por extensas sabanas con gramíneas y pequenas˜ isletas o capones Materiales y métodos de bosques que van desde húmedos a semixerófilos, dominados por Astronium balansae. El otro 30%, 6 de 20 ejemplares, fueron Se registraron y analizaron 20 ejemplares de la especie: 19 registrados en lomadas arenosas que se desarrollan entre grandes en museos y uno fotografiado, obtenidos mediante viajes de humedales: Esteros del Iberá, del Batel-Batelito y Santa Lucía, campo: ejemplares atropellados en caminos y la revisión de las dominadas por sabanas de paja colorada (Andropogon lateralis), colecciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climbing Behaviour in Micrurus Altirostris (Cope, 1860) (Serpentes, Elapidae) from an Atlantic Rainforest in Southern Brazil
    Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 437-439 (2018) (published online on 24 May 2018) Climbing behaviour in Micrurus altirostris (Cope, 1860) (Serpentes, Elapidae) from an Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil Manoela Alberton Getelina1,*, Gilcinéia dos Santos2, Ivanice Busatto2, Rodrigo Ceratto Bortoluzzi3 and Marcelo Carvalho da Rocha3 Coralsnakes are the only neotropical representatives in Derrubadas Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, of the family Elapidae (Campbell and Lamar, 2004) and Brazil. The individual was sitting immobile on the the genus Micrurus Wagler 1824 is the most diverse forest floor. The animal was captured to verify the sex of the family (Roze, 1996; Uetz, 2014). Micrurus and released immediately after the verification. The M. altirostris (Cope, 1860) is a fossorial coralsnake altirostris started fleeing into the forest and, when it was (Giraudo, 2001) that occurs in southern Brazil (Paraná, touched again, started climbing into the low branches of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States), Uruguay, nearby Piperaceae and Bambusaceae bushes (2.5 cm off northeastern Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes and Entre the ground). After climbing to a height of ~83 cm, the Rios Provinces) and eastern Paraguay (Silva and Sites, M. altirostris waited in the branches until the “menace 1999) and uses subterranean galleries for foraging of attack” stopped (about 1 minute), then started moving and shelter. It is active both at night and during the slowly back to the ground. day (Bernarde, 2012) and like many other fossorial Machado et al. (2005) reported a M. altirostris actively elapids, is commonly found before rains (Campbell and foraging in a tree 1.5 m above the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Three-Finger Toxins from Brazilian Coral Snakes: from Molecular Framework to Insights in Biological Function
    toxins Article Three-Finger Toxins from Brazilian Coral Snakes: From Molecular Framework to Insights in Biological Function Jessica Matos Kleiz-Ferreira 1,2, Nuria Cirauqui 3, Edson Araujo Trajano 1,2, Marcius da Silva Almeida 2 and Russolina Benedeta Zingali 1,* 1 Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos—Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb)—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; [email protected] (J.M.K.-F.); [email protected] (E.A.T.) 2 Protein Advanced Biochemistry (PAB), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Studies on 3FTxs around the world are showing the amazing diversity in these proteins both in structure and function. In Brazil, we have not realized the broad variety of their amino acid sequences and probable diversified structures and targets. In this context, this work aims to conduct an in silico systematic study on available 3FTxs found in Micrurus species from Brazil. We elaborated a specific guideline for this toxin family. First, we grouped them according to their structural homologue predicted by HHPred server and further curated manually. For each group, we selected one sequence and constructed a representative structural model.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological and Molecular Properties of Yellow Venom of the Amazonian Coral Snake Micrurus Surinamensis
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 50(3):365-373, May-June, 2017 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0408-2016 Major Article Biological and molecular properties of yellow venom of the Amazonian coral snake Micrurus surinamensis Fabiana da Rocha Oliveira[1], Maria das Dores Nogueira Noronha[2] and Jorge Luis Lopez Lozano[2] [1]. Laboratório de Ecologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil. [2]. Centro de Ofidismo da Amazônia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil. Abstract Introduction: The coral snake Micrurus surinamensis, which is widely distributed throughout Amazonia, has a neurotoxic venom. It is important to characterize the biological and molecular properties of this venom in order to develop effective antitoxins. Methods: Toxins from the venom of M. surinamensis were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their neurotoxic effects in vivo were evaluated. Results and Conclusions: Most proteins in the venom had masses < 14kDa, low phospholipase A2 activity, and no proteolytic activity. The toxins inhibited the coagulation cascade. The venom had neurotoxic effects in mice, with a median lethal dose upon intravenous administration of 700 µg/kg. Immunogenic studies revealed abundant cross-reactivity of antielapidic serum with 14kDa toxins and limited cross-reactivity with toxins < 10kDa. These results indicate that antielapidic serum against M. surinamensis venom has weak potency (0.35mg/ml) in mice. Keywords: Micrurus
    [Show full text]
  • True Or False Coral Snake: Is It Worth the Risk? a Micrurus Corallinus Case
    Strauch et al. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (2018) 24:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-018-0148-9 CASE REPORT Open Access True or false coral snake: is it worth the risk? A Micrurus corallinus case report Marcelo Abrahão Strauch1,2*†, Guilherme Jones Souza1,4†, Jordana Nahar Pereira3, Tyelli dos Santos Ramos1, Marcelo Oliveira Cesar1,2, Marcelo Amorim Tomaz2, Marcos Monteiro-Machado2, Fernando Chagas Patrão-Neto2 and Paulo A. Melo2* Abstract Background: Bites provoked by the genus Micrurus represent less than 1% of snakebite cases notified in Brazil, a tiny fraction compared with other genus such as Bothrops and Crotalus, which together represent almost 80% of accidents. In addition to their less aggressive behavior, habits and morphology of coral snakes are determinant factors for such low incidence of accidents. Although Micrurus bites are rare, victims must be rescued and hospitalized in a short period of time, because this type of envenoming may evolve to a progressive muscle weakness and acute respiratory failure. Case Presentation: We report an accident caused by Micrurus corallinus involving a 28-year-old Caucasian sailor man bitten on the hand. The accident occurred in a recreational camp because people believed the snake was not venomous. The victim presented neurological symptoms 2 h after the accident and was taken to the hospital, where he received antielapidic serum 10 h after the bite. After the antivenom treatment, the patient presented clinical evolution without complications and was discharged 4 days later. Conclusions: We reinforce that it is essential to haveahealthcarestructuresuitableforthetreatmentofsnakebite. Besides, the manipulation of these animals should only be carried out by a team of well-equipped and trained professionals,andevensowithspecialattention.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Male Combat for Micrurus Hemprichii (Serpentes: Elapidae)
    Herpetology Notes, volume 14: 181-183 (2021) (published online on 26 January 2021) First record of male combat for Micrurus hemprichii (Serpentes: Elapidae) Vinícius Mendes1,*, Diederik C. Lock2, Daniel Loebmann1, and Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto1 Male combat is known to occur in several snake species Micrurus hemprichii (Jan, 1858) is a coral snake (Senter et al., 2014). The larger body in a male can allow species characterised by the presence of three to nine victories in these ritualistic combats, providing access black or grey triads (8–12 dorsals long), divided by to copulation. These behaviours are more frequently orange or brownish rings (3–4 dorsals long), black or present in dimorphic species in which males are larger grey head, usually with a yellow nuchal ring, single in body size than females (Shine, 1994), suggesting cloacal plate, 156–199 ventral scales, 22–34 subcaudals, that ritualistic combat can positively select larger males 1+1 temporals (Campbell and Lammar, 2004; Silva-Jr. et (Shine, 1978). Both the presence of ritualistic combat al., 2016). This species has a wide distribution in South between males and the repertoire of behaviours that America, occurring in lowland and montane tropical compose this combat may differ among taxa, making rainforest in nine countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, it possible to track their potential phylogenetic trends Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, and (Senter et al., 2014). Venezuela (Paine and Farfán, 2020). Two subspecies are The genus Micrurus comprises three groups currently recognised: Micrurus hemprichii hemprichii of neotropical coral snakes that are traditionally (Jan, 1858), ranging into eastern Colombia, southern distinguished by their colour distribution: black rings Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana, and arranged in triads (BRT), black rings in monads (BRM) Brazil; and Micrurus hemprichii ortoni Schmidt, 1953, and bicoloured species (Campbell and Lamar, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Neurotoxical Activity of Micrurus Snake Venom and Methods for Its Analysis. a Literature Review
    453 Rev. Fac. Med. 2020 Vol. 68 No. 3: 453-62 REVIEW ARTICLE DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v68n3.75992 Received: 06/11/2018. Accepted: 01/03/2019 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Neurotoxical activity of Micrurus snake venom and methods for its analysis. A literature review Actividad neurotóxica del veneno de serpientes del género Micrurus y métodos para su análisis. Revisión de la literatura Janeth Alejandra Bolívar-Barbosa1,2 Ariadna Lorena Rodríguez-Vargas2 1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá Campus - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Toxicology - Master’s Degree in Toxicology - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá Campus - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Chemistry - Protein Research Group - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. Corresponding author: Janeth Alejandra Bolívar-Barbosa. Departamento de Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Carrera 30 No 45-03, building: 471, office: 203. Telephone number: +57 1 3165000, ext.: 15120. Bogotá D.C. Colombia. Email: [email protected]. Abstract Introduction: Snakes of the genus Micrurus have fossorial habits, passive temperament and Bolívar-Barbosa JA, Rodríguez-Vargas scarce production of powerful venom with neurotoxic characteristics that block the synaptic AL. Neurotoxical activity of Micrurus snakes venom and methods for its transmission at the neuromuscular junction. analysis. A literature review. Rev. Fac. Objective: To present an overview of the neurotoxicity of the Micrurus snake venom, and Med. 2020;68(3):453-62. English. doi: its functional characterization by ex vivo analysis methods. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfac- med.v68n3.75992. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted in MedLine and ScienceDirect using specific terms and their combinations.
    [Show full text]
  • Micrurus Altirostris): Primer Caso En Uruguay
    CASO CLÍNICO Rev Méd Urug 2018; 34(4):246-250 http://www.rmu.org.uy/revista/proximo/rmu34-4_927-juanena-mordedura.pdf doi: 10.29193/RMU.34.4.9 Mordedura por víbora de coral (Micrurus altirostris): primer caso en Uruguay Carolina Juanena*, Pedro Saldun†, Banny Zelada‡, Alba Negrin§, Daniela Paciel¶, Santiago Carreira** Resumen Las mordeduras por ofidios del género Micrurus son infrecuentes a nivel mundial. En Uruguay los emponzoñamientos son exclusivamente por Bothrops alternatus y B. pubescens (crucera y yarará). Desde 1986 la notificación de casos de ofidismo es obligatoria ante el Centro de Información y Asesoramiento Toxicológico (CIAT), no habiéndose registrado ca- sos por mordedura de Micrurus altirostris hasta este reporte clínico. Se presenta el primer caso clínico de mordedura por víbora de coral (Micrurus altirostris) en nuestro país, destacándose la gravedad del mismo dada la neurotoxicidad que presentó evolucionando a parálisis respiratoria que requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva. Buena evolución con el sos- tén de funciones vitales implementado, no requiriendo neostigmina, logrando extubación y reversión completa del cuadro al cuarto día. El antídoto de este emponzoñamiento (suero antielapídico) presenta limitada disponibilidad a nivel mundial, no contando con el mismo en nuestro país, por lo que en casos graves, particularmente con falla respiratoria, la asisten- cia ventilatoria mecánica es el principal pilar terapéutico. Palabras clave: Mordeduras de serpientes Serpientes de coral Respiración artificial Suero antielapídico Key words: Snake bites Coral snakes Artificial respiration Antielapidic serum. * Médica Asistente Grado 2. Departamento de Toxicología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. † Médico Unidad de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital de Florida “Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Denisonia Hydrophis Parapistocalamus Toxicocalamus Disteira Kerilia Pelamis Tropidechis Drysdalia Kolpophis Praescutata Vermicella Echiopsis Lapemis
    The following is a work in progress and is intended to be a printable quick reference for the venomous snakes of the world. There are a few areas in which common names are needed and various disputes occur due to the nature of such a list, and it will of course be continually changing and updated. And nearly all species have many common names, but tried it simple and hopefully one for each will suffice. I also did not include snakes such as Heterodon ( Hognoses), mostly because I have to draw the line somewhere. Disclaimer: I am not a taxonomist, that being said, I did my best to try and put together an accurate list using every available resource. However, it must be made very clear that a list of this nature will always have disputes within, and THIS particular list is meant to reflect common usage instead of pioneering the field. I put this together at the request of several individuals new to the venomous endeavor, and after seeing some very blatant mislabels in the classifieds…I do hope it will be of some use, it prints out beautifully and I keep my personal copy in a three ring binder for quick access…I honestly thought I knew more than I did…LOL… to my surprise, I learned a lot while compiling this list and I hope you will as well when you use it…I also would like to thank the following people for their suggestions and much needed help: Dr.Wolfgang Wuster , Mark Oshea, and Dr. Brian Greg Fry.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: Detection of Toxin-Like Peptides in Plasma and Urine Samples from Covid-19 Patients
    TITLE: DETECTION OF TOXIN-LIKE PEPTIDES IN PLASMA AND URINE SAMPLES FROM COVID-19 PATIENTS. AUTHORS Carlo Brogna*+, Mauro Petrillo+, Simone Cristoni, Maddalena Querci, Ornella Piazza and Guy Van den Eede *Corresponding author. +Equal contribution. AFFILIATIONS Carlo Brogna Craniomed Group srl, Montemiletto, Italy Mail: [email protected] Mauro Petrillo European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy Mail: [email protected] Simone Cristoni ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Bresso, Italy Mail: [email protected] Maddalena Querci European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy Mail: [email protected] Ornella Piazza Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy Mail: [email protected] Guy Van den Eede European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium Mail: [email protected] SUMMARY The frequent association between COVID-19 disease and different eXtrapulmonary clinical manifestations in symptomatic patients was reported recently. The data reported here suggest an association between COVID-19 disease and the release in the body of (oligo-)peptides almost identical to toXic components of venoms from animals. The presence of these peptides opens new scenarios on the aetiology of the COVID-19 clinical symptoms observed up to now, including neurological manifestations. INTRODUCTION Numerous clinical eXtrapulmonary manifestations co-occuring with COVID-19 disease have been reported (as e.g. neurological, haemorrhagic, and thrombotic ones) and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Gupta et al. reviewed the eXtrapulmonary organ-specific pathophysiology of patients with COVID-19, 'to aid clinicians and scientists in recognizing and monitoring the spectrum of manifestations, and in developing research priorities and therapeutic strategies for all organ systems involved'1.
    [Show full text]
  • Registros Notáveis De Répteis De Áreas Abertas Naturais Do Planalto E Litoral Do Estado De Santa Catarina, Sul Do Brasil
    Biotemas, 22 (3): 129-141, setembro de 2009 Répteis de áreas abertas de Santa Catarina 129 ISSN 0103 – 1643 Registros notáveis de répteis de áreas abertas naturais do planalto e litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil Ivo Rohling Ghizoni-Jr.1* Tobias Saraiva Kunz2 Jorge José Cherem1 Renato Silveira Bérnils3 1Caipora Cooperativa, Avenida Desembargador Vitor Lima, 260, Sala 513 CEP 88040-400, Carvoeira, Florianópolis – SC, Brasil [email protected] 2PPG em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre – RS, Brasil 3Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brasil [email protected] *Autor para correspondência Submetido em 01/02/2009 Aceito para publicação em 30/05/2009 Resumo A composição e a distribuição dos répteis em Santa Catarina são pouco conhecidas, particularmente em suas áreas abertas naturais do planalto (estepe ombrófila) e do litoral (faixa litorânea de restingas com dunas). Visando contribuir com o conhecimento dos répteis nestas áreas, são apresentados registros de dezesseis espécies anteriormente desconhecidas ou com poucos registros para Santa Catarina: Acanthochelys spixii, Anops kingii, Cnemidophorus lacertoides, C. vacariensis, Leptotyphlops munoai, Mastigodryas b. bifossatus, Tantilla aff. melanocephala, Atractus reticulatus, Gomesophis brasiliensis, Lygophis flavifrenatus, Oxyrhopus r. rhombifer, Phalotris reticulatus, Philodryas agassizii, Xenodon dorbignyi, Micrurus altirostris e Bothrops pubescens. São
    [Show full text]
  • Toxin-Like Peptides in Plasma, Urine and Faecal Samples from COVID-19
    F1000Research 2021, 10:550 Last updated: 13 AUG 2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] Carlo Brogna1*, Simone Cristoni2*, Mauro Petrillo 3*, Maddalena Querci3, Ornella Piazza 4, Guy Van den Eede5 1Craniomed group srl, Montemiletto, 83038, Italy 2ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Italy, Bresso, Milano, 20091, Italy 3European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, 21027, Italy 4Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081, Italy 5European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, 2440, Belgium * Equal contributors v1 First published: 08 Jul 2021, 10:550 Open Peer Review https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54306.1 Latest published: 08 Jul 2021, 10:550 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54306.1 Reviewer Status Invited Reviewers Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 disease and led to the 1 pandemic currently affecting the world has been broadly investigated. Different studies have been performed to understand the infection version 1 mechanism, and the involved human genes, transcripts and 08 Jul 2021 report proteins. In parallel, numerous clinical extra- pulmonary manifestations co-occurring with COVID-19 disease have 1. Paolo Grumati, Telethon Institute of been reported and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Whether these manifestations are linked to other Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, disorders co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under Italy discussion. In this work, we report the identification of toxin-like peptides in COVID-19 patients by application of Any reports and responses or comments on the the Liquid Chromatography Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization – article can be found at the end of the article.
    [Show full text]
  • Venom of the Coral Snake Micrurus Clarki: Proteomic Profile, Toxicity, Immunological Cross-Neutralization, and Characterization of a Three-Finger Toxin
    toxins Article Venom of the Coral Snake Micrurus clarki: Proteomic Profile, Toxicity, Immunological Cross-Neutralization, and Characterization of a Three-Finger Toxin Bruno Lomonte 1,*, Mahmood Sasa 1, Paola Rey-Suárez 2, Wendy Bryan 1 and José María Gutiérrez 1 1 Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (W.B.); [email protected] (J.M.G.) 2 Programa de Ofidismo y Escorpionismo, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; ofi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +506-2511-7888 Academic Editor: Stephen P. Mackessy Received: 26 March 2016; Accepted: 2 May 2016; Published: 5 May 2016 Abstract: Micrurus clarki is an uncommon coral snake distributed from the Southeastern Pacific of Costa Rica to Western Colombia, for which no information on its venom could be found in the literature. Using a ‘venomics’ approach, proteins of at least nine families were identified, with a moderate predominance of three-finger toxins (3FTx; 48.2%) over phospholipase A2 (PLA2; 36.5%). Comparison of this venom profile with those of other Micrurus species suggests that it may represent a more balanced, ‘intermediate’ type within the dichotomy between 3FTx- and PLA2-predominant venoms. M. clarki venom was strongly cross-recognized and, accordingly, efficiently neutralized by an equine therapeutic antivenom against M. nigrocinctus, revealing their high antigenic similarity. Lethal activity for mice could be reproduced by a PLA2 venom fraction, but, unexpectedly, not by fractions corresponding to 3FTxs. The most abundant venom component, hereby named clarkitoxin-I, was identified as a short-chain (type I) 3FTx, devoid of lethal effect in mice, whose target remains to be defined.
    [Show full text]