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The Twisted-Pair Telephone Transmission Line
High Frequency Design From November 2002 High Frequency Electronics Copyright © 2002, Summit Technical Media, LLC TRANSMISSION LINES The Twisted-Pair Telephone Transmission Line By Richard LAO Sumida America Technologies elephone line is a This article reviews the prin- balanced twisted- ciples of operation and Tpair transmission measurement methods for line, and like any electro- twisted pair (balanced) magnetic transmission transmission lines common- line, its characteristic ly used for xDSL and ether- impedance Z0 can be cal- net computer networking culated from manufactur- ers’ data and measured on an instrument such as the Agilent 4395A (formerly Hewlett-Packard HP4395A) net- Figure 1. Lumped element model of a trans- work analyzer. For lowest bit-error-rate mission line. (BER), central office and customer premise equipment should have analog front-end cir- cuitry that matches the telephone line • Category 3: BWMAX <16 MHz. Intended for impedance. This article contains a brief math- older networks and telephone systems in ematical derivation and and a computer pro- which performance over frequency is not gram to generate a graph of characteristic especially important. Used for voice, digital impedance as a function of frequency. voice, older ethernet 10Base-T and commer- Twisted-pair line for telephone and LAN cial customer premise wiring. The market applications is typically fashioned from #24 currently favors CAT5 installations instead. AWG or #26 AWG stranded copper wire and • Category 4: BWMAX <20 MHz. Not much will be in one of several “categories.” The used. Similar to CAT5 with only one-fifth Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the bandwidth. the Telecommunications Industry Association • Category 5: BWMAX <100 MHz. -
Catv Cabling System
NYULMC AMBULATORY CARE CENTER – FIT-OUT PHASE 1 Perkins & Will Architects PC 222 E 41st ST, NYC Project: 032698.000 Issued for GMP March 15, 2017 SECTION 27 41 33 CATV CABLING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION A. Furnish and install a complete and fully operational Television Signal Distribution System capable of delivering up to 158 video channels (6 MHz NTSC Channels containing NTSC, ATSC and QAM modulated programs) and IP Video over an installed Category 6A unshielded twisted pair cable system. The System shall utilize a cable plant comprised of a TIA/EIA 568 compliant horizontal distribution cable system and a coaxial and/or single mode fiber backbone system. The System shall employ Active Automatic Gain Control Electronics to adjust the video signal levels to each TV and shall be capable of supporting up to 14,000 connected devices. The System shall support bi-directional RF transmission for backbone interconnections. Include amplifiers, power supplies, cables, outlets, attenuators, hubs, baluns, adaptors, transceivers, and other parts necessary for the reception and distribution of the local CATV signals. Back-feed existing campus system. (CAT 5e is acceptable to 117 channels) B. Distribute cable channels to TV outlets to permit simple connection of EIA standard Analog/Digital television receivers. C. Deliver at outlets monochrome and NTSC color television signals without introducing noticeable effect on picture and color fidelity or sound. Signal levels and performance shall meet or exceed the minimums specified in Part 76 of the FCC Rules and Regulations D. Provide reception quality at each outlet equal to or better than that received in the area with individual antennas. -
Solutions for Network Closets and Server Rooms the Most Manageable, Most Adaptable Infrastructure for Small IT Environments
Solutions for network closets and server rooms The most manageable, most adaptable infrastructure for small IT environments Integrating management into our product solutions, Schneider Electric™ provides the answer to your customers’ rising energy costs and lack of on-site resources. Our highly manageable power infrastructure allows energy usage monitoring, outlet control and automation, and we keep installation costs down with our ready-to-install, easy-to- configure products, making our solutions truly “plug and play.” Table of contents NetShelter™ SX solutions ......................................................................Page 3 NetShelter SX cable management .................................................Page 7 Shelves and mounting hardware ..................................................Page 10 Rack components ..................................................................................Page 11 Open frame racks ..................................................................................Page 12 NetShelter CX enclosure ...................................................................Page 14 Specialty enclosures ............................................................................Page 16 Rack cooling and airflow management .....................................Page 16 Rack power distribution ......................................................................Page 18 NetBotz™ security and environmental monitoring ............... Page 22 StruxureWare™ Central ...................................................................... -
HD Television on Cat 5/6 Cable Cable TV on Cat 5/6 Cable
HD Television on Cat 5/6 Cable Cable TV on Cat 5/6 Cable Innovative Technology .... Exceptional Quality! The Lynx® Television Network Distributes up to 640 digital Increases flexibility for moves, adds channels on Cat 5 or Cat 6 cable and changes Excellent for cable TV, SMATV, or Improves reliability off-air television distribution Creates a technology bridge to Simplifies cabling requirements Internet TV and IPTV The Lynx Television Network simultaneously simplifies installation, standardizes the wiring, delivers up to 210 HDTV channels, 640 and reduces maintenance requirements. standard digital channels, or 134 analog channels on Cat 5 or Cat 6 cable. Frequency The Lynx Network increases system flexibility capabilities are 5 MHz to 860 MHz. because moves, adds, and changes are easy with Cat5/6 cable. A Lynx hub in the wiring closet converts an unbalanced coaxial signal into eight or A homerun wiring design improves reliability sixteen balanced signals transmitted on because there are no taps or splitters between twisted pair cables. At the point of use a the distribution hub and the TV. wallplate F or single port converter changes the signal back to coaxial form. The Lynx Network also provides a “technology bridge” to Internet TV and IPTV by setting up the cabling that these technologies use. A patented RF balun is the centerpiece of the Lynx design. A pair of send / receive baluns delivers a clean RF signal to each TV (on pair four). The baluns use an RF technology that delivers HD, digital, and analog channels on network cables without using any bandwidth Wallplate F Single port converter on the network itself. -
CAPSTONE 20-1 SWA Field Study Trip Book Part II
CAPSTONE 20-1 SWA Field Study Trip Book Part II Subject Page Afghanistan ................................................................ CIA Summary ......................................................... 2 CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 3 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 24 Culture Gram .......................................................... 30 Kazakhstan ................................................................ CIA Summary ......................................................... 39 CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 40 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 58 Culture Gram .......................................................... 62 Uzbekistan ................................................................. CIA Summary ......................................................... 67 CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 68 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 86 Culture Gram .......................................................... 89 Tajikistan .................................................................... CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 99 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 117 Culture Gram .......................................................... 121 AFGHANISTAN GOVERNMENT ECONOMY Chief of State Economic Overview President of the Islamic Republic of recovering -
Introduction to Digital Subscriber's Line (DSL) Chapter 2 Telephone
Introduction to Digital Subscriber’s Line (DSL) Professor Fu Li, Ph.D., P.E. © Chapter 2 Telephone Infrastructure · Telephone line dates back to Bell in 1875 · Digital Transmission technology using complex algorithm based on DSP and VLSI to compensate impairments common to phone lines. · Phone line carries the single voice signal with 3.4 KHz bandwidth, DSL conveys 100 Compressed voice signals or a video signals. 1 · 15% phones require upgrade activities. · Phone company spent approximately 1 trillion US dollars to construct lines; · 700 millions are in service in 1997, 900 millions by 2001. · Most lines will support 1 Mb/s for DSL and many will support well above 1Mb/s data rate. Typical Voice Network 2 THE ACCESS NETWORK • DSL is really an access technology, and the associated DSL equipment is deployed in the local access network. • The access network consists of the local loops and associated equipment that connects the service user location to the central office. • This network typically consists of cable bundles carrying thousands of twisted-wire pairs to feeder distribution interfaces (FDIs). Two primary ways traditionally to deal with long loops: • 1.Use loading coils to modify the electrical characteristics of the local loop, allowing better quality voice-frequency transmission over extended distances (typically greater than 18,000 feet). • Loading coils are not compatible with the higher frequency attributes of DSL transmissions and they must be removed before DSL-based services can be provisioned. 3 Two primary ways traditionally to deal with long loops • 2. Set up remote terminals where the signals could be terminated at an intermediate point, aggregated and backhauled to the central office. -
Conceptual Design Dubuque County at Plaza 20
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Documents DUBUQUE COUNTY AT PLAZA 20 Veterans Affairs Elections Annex FEH Project No. 2020309 13 August 2020 ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING / INTERIORS SIOUX CITY, IA DES MOINES, IA DUBUQUE, IA OCONOMOWOC, WI 712 252 3889 / 515 288 2000 / 563 583 4900 / 262 968 2055 FEH Design 13 August 2020 Project No: 2020309 TABLE OF CONTENTS VETERANS AFFAIRS GOALS FOR SUCCESS VETERANS AFFAIRS SPACE NEEDS ASSESSMENT ELECTIONS ANNEX GOALS FOR SUCCESS ELECTIONS ANNEX SPACE NEEDS ASSESSMENT FLOOR PLAN OPTION D CONCEPTUAL BUDGET SUMMARY Table of Contents Dubuque County at Plaza 20 – Conceptual Design Dubuque, IA 951 MAIN STREET DUBUQUE, IOWA 52001 563 583 4900 DUBUQUE COUNTY VETERANS AFFAIRS GOALS FOR SUCCESS Proximity to VA Clinic Parking Access Adequate Office Space to Serve Public Fully Accessible Space (all sizes, wheelchairs) Main Level Restrooms Safety and Security (Secure Entrance, Visibility) 24 July 2020 Page 1 of 1 ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING / INTERIORS Dubuque County Office Space FEH DESIGN space needs assessment 13-Aug-20 Room Name/ Function of Space Existing Proposed Remarks Area Area, SQ FT Veterans Affairs Secure entry lobby space 240 12' x 20', 6-8 waiting chairs Reception/office - Tammy 118 130 Meeting room function, Visibility to lobby / entry VA Director's Office - Randy 232 175 Meeting room function office 1 - Michelle 154 125 Meeting room function office 2 - Doug 113 125 Meeting room function office 3 - Nick 86 125 Meeting room function Computer Room 110 Public Use Mail Machine and Supply Cabinet, Shredder, work Work -
Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems
Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Paul Sabatino, [email protected] This paper details the impact of new advances in residential broadband networking, including ADSL, HDSL, VDSL, RADSL, cable modems. History as well as future trends of these technologies are also addressed. OtherReports on Recent Advances in Networking Back to Raj Jain's Home Page Table of Contents ● 1. Introduction ● 2. DSL Technologies ❍ 2.1 ADSL ■ 2.1.1 Competing Standards ■ 2.1.2 Trends ❍ 2.2 HDSL ❍ 2.3 SDSL ❍ 2.4 VDSL ❍ 2.5 RADSL ❍ 2.6 DSL Comparison Chart ● 3. Cable Modems ❍ 3.1 IEEE 802.14 ❍ 3.2 Model of Operation ● 4. Future Trends ❍ 4.1 Current Trials ● 5. Summary ● 6. Glossary ● 7. References http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/rbb/index.htm (1 of 14) [2/7/2000 10:59:54 AM] Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems 1. Introduction The widespread use of the Internet and especially the World Wide Web have opened up a need for high bandwidth network services that can be brought directly to subscriber's homes. These services would provide the needed bandwidth to surf the web at lightning fast speeds and allow new technologies such as video conferencing and video on demand. Currently, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Cable modem technologies look to be the most cost effective and practical methods of delivering broadband network services to the masses. <-- Back to Table of Contents 2. DSL Technologies Digital Subscriber Line A Digital Subscriber Line makes use of the current copper infrastructure to supply broadband services. -
900152-001-How to Make CAT-5 Twisted-Pair Network Cables
April 2005 900152-001 - Rev 00 How to make category 5 twisted-pair network cables Introduction The purpose of this document is to show you how to make the two kinds Stranded wire patch cables are often specified for cable segments running of category 5 twisted-pair network cables that can be used to network one from a wall jack to a PC and for patch panels. They are more flexible than or more countertops together with a jukebox to form quick and simple solid core wire. However, the rational for using it is that the constant local area network (LAN). flexing of patch cables may wear-out solid core cable-break it. Also, stranded cable is susceptible to degradation from moisture infiltration, may use an alternate color code, and should not be used for cables longer LANs simplified than 3 Meters (about 10 feet). A LAN can be as simple as two units, each having a network interface card CAT 5 cable has four twisted (NIC) or network adapter and running network software, connected pairs of wire for a total of eight together with a crossover cable. The next step up would be a network individually insulated wires. consisting of (the hub performs the crossover function). Each pair is color coded with one wire having a solid color (blue, orange, green, or brown) twisted around a second wire with a white background and a stripe of the same color. The solid colors may have a white stripe in some cables. Cable colors are commonly described using the background color followed by the color of the stripe; e.g., white-orange is a cable with a white background and an orange stripe. -
Closing the Fiber Gap to Apartments
FierceCable Custom Publishing share: CLOSING THE FIBER GAP TO APARTMENTS Demand for fiber optic cable to carry an explosion in Indeed, fiber cable may pass an apartment building data traffic continues to be robust, driven heavily by underground or on a pole, but access to a building’s video consumption and other rich content. Verizon, wiring closet—much less to dozens or hundreds of now the owner of AOL, recently signed mega deals individual units—remains difficult, industry officials to buy fiber cable from Corning and Prysmian. said. As of 2016, half of all commercial buildings in the Of 30 million residences in Multi-Dwelling Unit U.S. were connected to fiber, up dramatically in the (MDU) buildings in the U.S., only an estimated 20% past decade, according to Vertical Systems Group. are served by fiber, according to the Fiber Broadband Association, a trade group representing dozens of Even so, a gap remains for connections of fiber to businesses including Corning, 3M, Verizon Fios, apartments and condos (known as Fiber to the Unit, Google Fiber, Xfinity Communities and equipment or FTTU), which are abundant in large city centers vendor Graybar. and house up to half of urban residents. Apartments are “clearly far more sparsely served” than commercial With such a small percentage getting access to fiber, buildings, according to veteran Vertical analyst the industry is squarely focused on provisioning new Rosemary Cochran. MDU buildings and renovated structures with fiber to each unit. July 2017 1 CLOSING THE FIBER GAP TO APARTMENTS FierceCable Custom Publishing WHY FIBER IS DEEMED ‘FUTURE PROOF’ Running fiber to apartment units makes them future New transport electronics being used today can proof, building owners and the industry officials provide up to 500-gigabit speeds, said Scott Jackson, believe. -
Conducted and Wireless Media (Part I)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Conducted and Wireless Media (Part I) (October 3, 2016) © Abdou Illia, Fall 2016 2 Learning Objectives Outline characteristics of conducted media Select conducted media in LAN design 3 Major categories of Media Conducted Media – Physically connect network devices Wireless Media – Use electromagnetic waves/radiation 1 4 Conducted Media Twisted Pair cable Coaxial cable Optical Fiber cable Twisted Pair wire 5 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Versus Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Typically 2 or more Twisted pair wires & different standards for different applications http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pair Twisted Pair wire 6 2 Q: Are Shielded Twisted Pairs (STP) affected by interference ? 2 Coaxial cable 7 A single wire wrapped in a foam (or plastic) insulation surrounded by a braided metal shield, then covered in a plastic jacket Cable can be thick or thin Provides for wide range of frequencies Coaxial cable 8 Two major coaxial technologies: Baseband Coaxial tech. Broadband Coaxial tech. Uses digital signaling Transmits anal./digital signals One channel of digital data Multiple channels of data ~1 kilometer w/o repeater ~ 4 kilometer w/o repeater Thin coaxial cable – Typically used for digital data transmission in Ethernet LANs – Typically used for baseband transmission Thick coaxial cable Less – Typically for broadband transmission noise/interference – Typically used for video transmission compared to twisted pairs Coaxial cable 9 Coaxial cable standards: Type ① Ohm rating② Use RG-11 75 ohm Used in 10Base5 Ethernet (known as Thick Ethernet) RG-58 50 ohm Used in 10Base2 Ethernet RG (Radio Guide) specifies characteristics like wire thickness, insulation thickness, electrical properties, etc. -
Certified Data Cabling Installer (DCI) Competency Requirements
Certified Data Cabling Installer (DCI) Competency Requirements Data Cabling Installers (DCI) are expected to obtain knowledge of basic concepts of copper cabling installation and service, which are then applicable to all the functions required to safely and competently install communications cabling and low voltage premises cabling. Network cabling has many options now and is being used for many applications in addition to data. Copper cabling is also combined with other media applications to create these networks. Once a DCI has acquired these skills, abilities and knowledge and with minimal training, the DCI should be able to enter employment in the telecommunications cabling field. Data Cabling Installers must be knowledgeable and have abilities in the following technical areas: 1.0 SAFETY 1.1 Describe the various forms of personal protective equipment (PPE) that data cabling technicians have at their disposal 1.2 Explain the safety best practices associated with the work area 1.3 Provide an overview of emergency response information and techniques for the workplace that can be found in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS or SDS) described in the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)), revised in 2012, and detailed in Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910.1200 2.0 BASIC ELECTRICITY 2.1 Describe the relationships between voltage, current, resistance and power 2.2 Identify components called resistors and also non-component types of resistance in cabling technology 2.3 Use Ohm’s law to calculate power usage and power losses in cabling