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Sediments of Two Gondwana Glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials Lewin, Anna (2020)

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Sediments of Two Gondwana Glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials Lewin, Anna (2020) Sediments of two Gondwana glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials Lewin, Anna (2020) DOI (TUprints): https://doi.org/10.25534/tuprints-00013300 License: CC-BY 4.0 International - Creative Commons, Attribution Publication type: Ph.D. Thesis Division: 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Original source: https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/13300 Sediments of two Gondwana glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften der Technischen Universität Darmstadt Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr.rer.nat.) Von Anna Lewin Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Matthias Hinderer Zweitgutachter: PD Dr. Guido Meinhold Darmstadt, 2020 Anna Lewin geboren am 09.09.1988 in Marl Dissertation Thema: "Sediments of two Gondwana glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials” Eingereicht im Mai 2020 Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 21.07.2020 Referent: Prof. Dr. Matthias Hinderer Korreferent: PD Dr. Guido Meinhold 1. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Christoph Schüth 2. Prüferin: Prof. Dr. Britta Schmalz Veröffentlichung auf TUprints im Jahr 2020 Veröffentlicht unter CC-BY 4.0 International Prof. Dr. Matthias Hinderer Fachgebiet Sedimentgeologie Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstraße 9 64287 Darmstadt Ich erkläre hiermit, die vorliegende Dissertation ohne Hilfe Dritter und nur mit den angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmitteln angefertigt zu haben. Alle Stellen, die aus Quellen übernommen wurden, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht worden. Diese Arbeit hat in dieser oder ähnlicher Form noch keiner Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegen. Die schriftliche Fassung stimmt mit der elektronischen Fassung überein. I hereby certify that the complete work to this PhD thesis was done by myself and only with the use of the referenced literature and the described methods. Darmstadt, den Anna Lewin Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank Prof. Matthias Hinderer for the supervision of my thesis and the possibility to do my PhD at the Institute of Applied Geosciences of the TU Darmstadt. I was able to learn a lot during the frequent discussions in the working group seminar, in the field and spontaneously in the office. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my second supervisor, Dr. Guido Meinhold, for permanent support, numerous discussions and methodological advice and extensive proof-reading of manuscripts. I thank Matthias and Guido for their proposal to the German Research Foundation (DFG, grants HI 643/13-1 and ME 3882/4-1) that made this PhD work possible and the DFG for the funding. Field work was only possible and very efficient thanks to the enormous support of Dr. Robert Bussert, TU Berlin and Dr. Enkurie L. Dawit (University of Gondar, formerly University of Mekele, Ethiopia). This project is based on their previous work in the study area and both accompanied the field trips, explained their work directly on the studied sections and gave advice for sampling. Dawit’s logistical support facilitated field work and sample shipping in a foreign country tremendously. I would like to thank my fellow PhD student Dr. Alexander Bassis for introducing me to the lab-work and the basics of provenance analysis. My working of Applied Sedimentology at the Institute of Applied Geosciences in Darmstadt contributed to the thesis by valuable discussions, questions and input after seminar presentations. Dr. Laura Stutenbecker helped a lot with her experience in provenance research. Special thanks go to Reimund Rosmann for his great help during sample preparation and his creativity in how to even break the hardest granite. Jürgen Mutzl and Yayeh Desalegn are greatly acknowledged for their help in heavy mineral separation. I would also like to thank Stefanie Schmidt, Claudia Cosma, Zahra Neumann and Gabriela Schubert for assisting and answering all my questions during lab-work in Darmstadt. A significant part of the methodological work has been conducted at the Department of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology of the University of Göttingen. I would like to thank the team there for the welcoming atmosphere during my stays and the scientific discussions. Especially, I thank Dr. Nils Keno Lünsdorf for introducing me into heavy mineral identification by Raman spectroscopy and Judit Dunklné-Nagy, Irina Ottenbacher and Cornelia Friedrich for their help in sample preparation. Dr. Andreas Kronz (electron microprobe analysis), Dr. Gerald Hartman (XRF), Dr. Klaus Simon (ICP- MS bulk sample analysis) and Dr. Jasper Berndt and Beate Schmitte (LA-ICP-MS zircon chronology) are thanked for enabling the respective measurements. I would further like to thank the reviewers of the three articles for their scientific contribution that significantly improved the manuscripts. I should not forget my lunch group at the Institute of Applied Geosciences in Darmstadt and would like to thank them for pleasant and funny breaks and daily exchange about the sufferings during PhD life. Finally, I thank my family, friends and Thimo, who always supported me and believed me when I promised that this thesis will at some point be finished. Table of contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... V Summary .............................................................................................................................................. VII Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................................. IX 1. ..... Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Gondwana glaciations ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Provenance studies on North Gondwana sandstones ................................................................ 4 1.3. Palaeozoic sandstones in Ethiopia ............................................................................................ 6 1.4. Aims and objectives .................................................................................................................. 7 1.5. Methodological strategy ........................................................................................................... 7 1.5.1. Sampling ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.2. Multi-method provenance analysis ........................................................................................... 8 1.5.3. Statistical analysis of obtained data ........................................................................................ 12 2. ..... Provenance of sandstones in northern Ethiopia during Late Ordovician and Carboniferous– Permian Gondwana glaciations: petrography and geochemistry of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials ....................................................................................................................... 15 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. Geological setting ................................................................................................................... 17 2.3. Sampling and methods ............................................................................................................ 21 2.4. Results..................................................................................................................................... 23 2.5. Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 27 2.6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 30 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 31 3. ..... Provenance of Ordovician–Silurian and Carboniferous–Permian glaciogenic successions in Ethiopia revealed by detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology ............................................................ 33 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 33 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 33 3.2. Geological setting ................................................................................................................... 35 3.3. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 38 3.4. Results..................................................................................................................................... 39 3.5. Discussion ..............................................................................................................................
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