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Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity & Water

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Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity & Water Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water RIRDC Publication No. 10/219 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water Thomas L. Nordblom and Iain H. Hume (editors) January 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/219 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000578 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-184-6 ISSN 1440-6845 Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water Publication No. 10/219 Project No. PRJ-000578 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165. Researcher Contact Details Thomas L. Nordblom and Iain H. Hume E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute Pine Gully Road Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 Phone: (02) 6938 1627 Fax: (02) 6938 1809 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Electronically published by RIRDC in January 2011 Print-on-demand by Union Offset Printing, Canberra at www.rirdc.gov.au or phone 1300 634 313 ii Foreword This study examined ways in which land use changes, such as large scale afforestation in the upper parts of catchments affected water and salt flows to lower parts. The project illuminates tradeoffs among upstream and downstream interests in terms of impacts on the environment, social equity and economic efficiency, with and without and with regulation and policy intervention. The project used two catchments to provide quantitative examples (the Bet Bet Catchment, Victoria, and the Macquarie Catchment, NSW). Land owners, catchment management authorities and other agencies with responsibilities in these areas may benefit from this research first. Beyond these geographic areas, others facing similar challenges as land owners, authorities, agencies and policy makers may benefit from the ideas, methods and examples presented here. Awareness of the upstream/downstream relationships and their potential importance in particular settings will help producers and policy makers judge the need for prevention of losses of vital river flows in Australia. This report is an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range of over 2000 research publications and it forms part of our previous Environment and Farm Management R&D program, which aims to foster agri- industry systems that have sufficient diversity, flexibility and robustness to be resilient and respond to challenges and opportunities. Most of RIRDC’s publications are available for viewing, free downloading or purchasing online at www.rirdc.gov.au. Purchases can also be made by phoning 1300 634 313. Craig Burns Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation iii About the Authors In alphabetic order: Brendan P. Christy is Systems Modelling Team Leader (Rutherglen), Landscape Systems, Primary Industries Research Victoria, DPI – Rutherglen, Vic 3685 ([email protected]) John D. Finlayson, formerly Research Economist, NSW DPI-Orange; presently School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 ([email protected]). Iain H. Hume is Soil Scientist, Resources Research Branch, NSW DPI, Adjunct Lecturer, E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW DPI and Charles Sturt University), Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 ([email protected]) Jason A. Kelly, formerly Salt Action Economist, NSW DPI-Tamworth ([email protected]) Thomas L. Nordblom, Principal Investigator, Senior Research Scientist, NSW DPI; Adjunct Senior Lecturer, E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW DPI and Charles Sturt University), Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 ([email protected]) Andrew Reeson is Experimental Economist, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT 2601 ([email protected]) Anna Roberts is Senior Research Scientist, and the Ecosystems Analysis Team Leader (Rutherglen), Landscape Systems, Primary Industries Research Victoria, DPI – Rutherglen, Vic 3685 ([email protected]). Stuart Whitten is Market Based Instrument Economist, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT 2601 ([email protected]) leads a team researching markets, incentives and institutions designed to protect and enhance ecosystem services production. iv Acknowledgments The present study is part of a collaborative NSW Department of Primary Industry (DPI), Victoria DPI, University of Western Australia (UWA) project, ‘Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water’, sponsored by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the Murray Darling Basin Commission (MDBC) and Future Farm Industries CRC through the E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW DPI and Charles Sturt University). Acknowledged for contributing ideas and information for this study are staff of several agencies and members of industry groups. They are thanked in the order of the Chapters where their help was most critical: Chapter 1: The North Central Catchment Management Authority (NC CMA, Victoria), Geoff Park (Knowledge Broker) and local Landcare members led by David Clark (Lexton) and Colin Dellavedova (Maryborough), have contributed key land use and economic information assisting this study, in particular our survey of land use and land use budgets in Bet Bet Catchment. Terry McLean (Vic-DPI) assisted in digitizing the land use survey data for use with CAT. Thanks for critical comments also go to Anthea McClintock, Peter Orchard and Iain Hume (NSW DPI). Chapter 2: Jessica Brown, Jane Chrystal and Tom Gavel, (Central West Catchment Management Authority, NSW); Glen Browning, Brett Cumberland, Gus Obrien and other members of Macquarie River Food & Fibre; William Johnson (NSW Dept of Environment and Climate Change); Sue Jones (Macquarie Marshes Management Committee); Don Bruce, Nigel Kerin, Greg Brien, Peter Knowles, Gabriel Harris and other members of the Mid-Macquarie Landcare Group; Brian Murphy (NSW Dept of Natural Resources) and Greg Markwick (Regional Director, Western, NSW DPI). Thanks go Prof Kevin Parton (Charles Sturt University-Orange), Peter Orchard and Rajinder Pal Singh (NSW DPI) for critical comments on the draft text. Chapter 3: Those mentioned as assisting in Chapter 2 above also helped with Chapter 3. In addition, Prof Kevin Parton (CSU) provided critical help in our application to the university’s Ethics in Human Research Committee for approval to conduct this research, in recruitment of student volunteers, and in enabling use of a suitable IT laboratory; he also provided critical comments on the text. We are grateful to Michael Harris and Fortunee Cantrell for IT laboratory support at the University of Sydney. We acknowledge Karel Nolles and Jackson Lin (Aton Experimental Economics) for providing the ‘research platform’ software to our specifications. Thanks for critical comments also go to Anthea McClintock and Peter Orchard (NSW DPI). This research project has benefitted from the guidance and assistance of Prof David Pannell at the University of Western Australia through the Future Farm Industries CRC; Prof Kevin Parton at Charles Sturt University, Orange; and Peter J. Regan (Research Leader, Water in Primary Industries, NSW DPI). Responsibility for any errors resides with the authors alone. Assumptions, observations, results and interpretations in this study do not necessarily represent the policies of NSW DPI, Vic DPI, UWA or CSIRO nor any other agency or institution. v Abbreviations CWCMA = Central West Catchment Management Authority, NSW FFI CRC = Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre MMMC = Macquarie Marshes Management Committee MRFF = Macquarie River Food and Fibre NCCMA = North Central Catchment Management Authority, Victoria NSW DECC = New South Wales
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