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Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin

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Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin Technical Support Document July 2013 Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin Published by the Murray–Darling Basin Authority MDBA publication no: 14/13 ISBN (online): 978-1-922177-44-5 © Murray–Darling Basin Authority for and on behalf of the Commonwealth of Australia, 2013. With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the MDBA logo, all photographs, graphics and trademarks, this publication is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au The MDBA’s preference is that you attribute this publication (and any material sourced from it) using the following wording: Title: Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray– Darling Basin Source: Licensed from the Murray–Darling Basin Authority, under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence. Authors: Murray–Darling Basin Authority The MDBA provides this information in good faith but to the extent permitted by law, the MDBA and the Commonwealth exclude all liability for adverse consequences arising directly or indirectly from using any information or material contained within this publication. Cover image: Lake Pamamaroo, part of the Menindee Lakes system. Arthur Mostead Disclaimer This document has been prepared by the Murray–Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) for technical users with good understanding of strengths and limitations of mathematical modelling, hydrological data and its analysis and interpretation. The information in the report also uses software and/or data provided by other agencies. The MDBA and these agencies give no warranty for the data or the software (including its accuracy, reliability, completeness, currency or suitability) and accept no liability for any loss, damage or costs (including consequential damage) incurred in any way (including but not limited to that arising from negligence) in connection with any use or reliance on the data. The opinions, comments and analysis (including those of third parties) expressed in this document are for information purposes only. This document does not indicate the MDBA’s Page 2 Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin commitment to undertake or implement a particular course of action, and should not be relied upon in relation to any particular action or decision taken. Users should note that developments in Commonwealth policy, input from consultation and other circumstances may result in changes to the approaches set out in this document. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Water Resources and Eco-Hydrology teams of the Murray– Darling Basin Authority based on modelling conducted by MDBA. The modelling used MDBA models for the River Murray together with models provided by the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, the New South Wales Office of Water, the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, CSIRO and Snowy Hydro Limited. The modelling was undertaken in the Integrated River System Modelling Framework initially developed by CSIRO in the Murray–Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Project and further developed by CSIRO for MDBA for the Basin Plan modelling. Page 3 Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin Executive Summary Background In late 2012 the Federal Water Minister adopted the Basin Plan, providing the first integrated framework for water planning in the Murray–Darling Basin. The Basin Plan aims to restore healthy river systems for the benefit of the environment, communities and agriculture. A central component of the Basin Plan is the establishment of new limits on the volumes of water extracted for consumptive use, known as Sustainable Diversion Limits (SDLs). On a long term average basis, the Basin Plan mandates a Basin-wide SDL of 10,783 GL/y, requiring the recovery of 2,750 GL/y of water for the environment. The Plan also provides for the adjustment of the sustainable diversion limits through supply or efficiency measures that would enable the Sustainable Diversion Limits to be adjusted up, or down, respectively. These SDL Adjustments will be finally determined in 2016. Schedule 5 of the Basin Plan describes the enhanced environmental outcomes to be pursued through the provision of efficiency measures. The Basin Plan also includes a requirement for the Murray–Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) to develop a Constraints Management Strategy by November 2013. The CMS will provide recommendations to governments on priority constraints to be overcome with implementation of recommendations expected to commence in 2014. The Commonwealth government has notionally allocated $200 million to address priority constraints to environmental water delivery in the Basin. What are Constraints? Flow constraints limit how water can be actively delivered through the river system to deliver environmental water requirements. Flow constraints include: Physical constraints, such as the rate at which water can be released from a storage (release capacities) or the level to which water can rise before passing over the river bank onto adjacent land (channel capacities). Operational constraints, relating to the effective management of water resources through a range of operating protocols (for instance, the requirement to maximise reliability of supply for consumptive use, or to protect infrastructure and private property from inundation). Management or Policy constraints, such as the lack of protection for environmental flows as they travel downstream. Why do we need to consider constraints? The regulation of our river systems has resulted in fewer overbank flow events, resulting in a partial disconnect between our rivers and their flood dependent wetlands and floodplains. These ecosystems are under stress because the regulation of the river system predominately Page 4 Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin constrains flows to remain within the main channel. In the last 30 years, there has been a measurable decline in the number and health of native fish and waterbird populations, and an overall decline in the size and health of wetlands, floodplain forests and woodlands. As part of the development of the Basin Plan, MDBA (2012y,z) examined the potential environmental benefits of relaxing key flow constraints in the Murray–Darling Basin. It was found that the combination of addressing constraints and recovering an additional (450 GL/y) of water for the environment could increase: the area of floodplains and wetlands inundated during a mid-to-high flow event; the duration for which these areas are inundated, and; the frequency at which these inundation events occur. An example of these changes is given in Figure 1, showing the River Murray flow at Euston Weir. Modelling conducted by MDBA (2012z) shows that, under water-sharing arrangements prior to the Basin Plan, this flow would have peaked at 65,000 ML/d (red line). Environmental watering under a Basin Plan could increase the flow to 72,000 ML/d (green), and the relaxation of key constraints (with an additional 450 GL/y of environmental water) could further increase this peak flow to 82,000 ML/d. A higher flow will inundate a greater area of water-dependent vegetation and produce improved environmental benefits — Basin Plan watering during this event could increase the inundated area in the river reach by 29% (from 10,500 to 13,500 ha); if key constraints were also addressed this value would increase to 76% (from 10,500 to 18,500 ha). Similar improvements were found along all parts of the southern Murray–Darling Basin. Figure 1 Modelled environmental flow event at Euston Weir under pre-Basin Plan water sharing arrangements (red), post-Basin Plan arrangements with 2,750 GL/y of environmental water (green), and combining an additional 450 GL/y of environmental relaxation of key constraints (blue) Figure 1: Modelled environmental flow event at Euston Weir under pre-Basin Plan water sharing arrangements (red), post-Basin Plan arrangements with 2,750 GL/y of environmental water (green), and combining an additional 450 GL/y of environmental water with the relaxation of key constraints (blue) Page 5 Preliminary Overview of Constraints to Environmental Water Delivery in the Murray–Darling Basin This example illustrates the benefits to the areal extent of floodplain watering which could be achieved if key flow constraints in the Basin rivers were addressed. Addressing constraints also allows managers to have a greater capacity to control the length of time areas (habitats) can be actively watered which is important for many environmental processes. Finally, the capacity to manage the system more actively, and not have to rely solely on unregulated flows, provides greater capacity to actively manage flow events so that watering of important wetlands and floodplains occurs at a frequency that is necessary to ensure resilience. How will this technical report inform the Constraints Management Strategy? The MDBA is developing a Constraints Management Strategy consistent with Chapter 7.08 of the Basin Plan by November 2013. The Constraints Management Strategy must: identify physical, operational and management constraints that affect environmental water delivery; evaluate options, opportunities and risks to water
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