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Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020__________ 412 ISSN 1306-3022 CARTOGRAPHY AND DISTRUBUTION OF INSECTS SPECIES ACCORDING TO HABITATS DIVERSITY IN ZIBAN BISKRA-ALGERIA Nacima Deghiche-Diab*,**, Mohamed Belhamra*,**, Lahcen Deghiche** and Meriem Boultif* * CRSTRA. Center for Scientific and Technical Rechearch on Arid Regions. PoBox. 1682. Biskra, ALGERIA. ** Departement of Agronomic Sciences, Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Region, University Mohamed Khider. Biskra, ALGERIA. [Deghiche-Diab, N., Belhamra, M., Deghiche, L. & Boultif, M. 2020. Cartography and distrubution of insects species according to habitats diversity in Ziban Biskra-Algeria. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 15 (2): 412-421] ABSTRACT: Obtained results during study carried out at three different habitats; wetland, steppe and palm grove in Biskra region, were treated using ecological analyses abundance, Jacquard index and illustrated in card established using GIS mapping. From 205 total collected species in Biskra region, 148 species were from palm grove, 127 from wetland habitat and only 95 from steppe one. The similarity index shows 72% similarity between Site A and Site B and 70% (10 species) similarity between Site B and Site C, whereas minimal similarity obtained between Site A and Site C 69 % (7 species). KEY WORDS: Wetland habitat, Ziban palm grove, insects’ cartography, distribution, steppe With their presence on the Earth for more than 400 million years, insects constitute an unprecedented biological success and an essential component for life on our planet (Gilles, 2019). They occupy a broad thermal spectrum from the coldest to desert areas (Daly et al., 1998; Kergoat, 2004). Considering the climate change effect at all levels of organization of living animal or plant, arid areas suffer irreversible losses in biodiversity (Belhamra et al., 2014; Deghiche-Diab, 2015). Because insects are extremely sensitive to various types of environmental disturbances (Duelli, 1997; Duelli & Obrist, 1998), a number of their groups occur or have specific habitat requirements (Lewis et al., 1997). To our knowledge, the investigation on list of insect present in Ziban region was largely documented (Tarai, 1991; Achoura & Belhamra, 2010; Kocak & Kamel, 2015; Degiche-diab et al., 2015a,b; Degiche-Diab & Belhamra, 2019) no previous work has attempted an integrative analysis on the diversity and distribution, nor to discuss the implications of habitat preferences and geographic distributions of major insect groups in Ziban arid region. This study aims to describe and analyze the patterns of insect species diversity, regional spatial distribution, and the relationship between species habitat preferences and geographic ranges of insect groups on Ziban habitats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area Due to its geographic location and its climate, Biskra (Ziban) (34° 50’N 5° 48’E) hosts a large number of natural and artificial habitats (Fig. 1). _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020__________ ISSN 1306-3022 413 In order to study structural variability of entomofauna living in, three habitats were chosen, the wetland dam of Foum El Gharza at Sidi Okba, steppe habitat at Ouled Djellel and an oasis one at El Hadjeb their characteristics are reported in Table 1. Sampling methods A periodic sampling from september 2018 until august 2019, was performed from 9 pitfall traps (Barber, 1931; Benkhelil & Doumandji, 1992) located separately in each chosen habitat (Fig. 2). Its effectiveness has been demonstrated by many authors (Southwood, 1968; Greenslade, 1973; Scudder, 2000). It allows to know the complex stand and to obtain an image of numerical insects variation (Moulin et al., 2007, Lhoir et al., 2003). The collected specimens from each habitat were separated using magnifier binocular in laboratory. Samples were identified until genus and species for the majority specimens using guids for identification (Chopade, 1943; Chenery, 1993; Hampt & Hampt, 1998; La Planches & Gorge, 2008; Brague-Bouragba, 2010; Dozière et al., 2017). They were stored in collection boxes and kept in the entomology laboratory. Ecological Analysis In this part we present an integrative analysis on diversity levels, distributional patterns, and the implications of habitat preferences and geographic distributions of insect groups in Ziban, Biskra region. Data on species structure, abundance, diversity and differences in community composition at each habitat were analysed using PAST (Paleontological Statistics; Version 2.17) software. The relationships between insect and its habitat diversity parameters were verified using Jacquard (J=a/(a+b+c) and Sorensen (S= 2C (A+B) index also. The obtained information’s were illustrated tthrough the use of GIS Geographic Information software and aerial photographs. The polygons assigning the different habitat types have been drawn. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Over 205 species collected from different habitats, wetland represented by dam of Foum El Gherza and steppe region represented by Ouled Djellel and palm grove of Ain Ben Noui at El Hadjeb municipality during 2018-2019. The most important richness was calculated from Ain Ben Noui palm grove with 148 species, followed by the wetland habitat with 127 species and 95 species from steppe habitat (Fig. 3). In wetland habitat, a total of 1 692 individuals, 127 species belonging to 11 orders grouping; Coleoptera (32 species), Hymenoptera (26 species), Diptera (16 species), Hemiptera (15 species) and Lepidoptera (8 species) order. Steppe habitat was represented by 95 species belonging to 8 orders. The most represented orders were from Coleoptera (36 species and 11 families), Hymenoptera (22 species and 10 families), and Lepidoptera (9 species and 6 families). Whereas palm grove habitat groups an important wealth (148 species and 11 orders) compared to both habitat. The Coleoptera order was the best represented with 41 species covering 10 different families. In second position, Hymenoptera order with 35 species and 15 families, Lepidoptera and the Hemiptera orders come in the third position with 13 species. The least important order in the palm grove was Embidae order (Fig. 4). _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020__________ 414 ISSN 1306-3022 In terms of abundance, the most abundant order in wetland habitat was; Coleoptera (515 individual), Hymenoptera (302 individual), Hemiptera (221 individual), Odonatoptera (174 individual) and Lepidoptera (112 individual) orders. Whearas, Tapinoma sp. (4.4%), Hippodamia variegata (3.78%), Lestes dryas (3.19%) and Diptera Musca domestica (2.96%) were the moste abundante species (Fig. 5. 1a, 2a). The abundant presence of Hymenoptera and coleoptera order was also indicated by Bacha (2010) working at Foum El Kherza dam. In addition results obtained by Chenchouni et al. (2015) from Sabkha Djendli were semilar to those of our study. In steppe region the most abundant order were Coleoptera (786 individual), Hymenoptera (601 individuals), Hemiptera (177 individuals) and Orthoptera (100 individuls). Whereas the most abundant species were those belonging to Hymenopteran; Tetramorium biskrensis kahenae (15.89%), Coléopteran Erodius emondi (7%), Hippodamia variegata (5.19%), Coccinella septempunctata (5.84%) and Anthaxia nitidula (4.36%) (Fig. 5. 1b, 2b). In south of Algeria, Naturel habitat were also treated by several auteurs Hadjoudj et al. (2018), in Ouargla region that establish a list of 57 species collected in naturel habitat (steppe) vs 42 species in cultivated (palm grove). Also, Souttou et al. (2015) that have established his study in naturel habitat at Djelfa indicate that Hymenoptera order was mostly represented by Formicidae family (86.1%). From Tigzirt region, Ouadjine (2014), indicate also the importance of Hymenoptera order specialy Teteramorium biskrensis and Messor sp in their pitfall traps. In palm grove habitat the most abundant orders were Coleoptera (661 individual), Hymenoptera (560 individual), Diptera (262 individual), Orthoptera (260 individual) and Hemiptera (216 individual) orders. In terms of species, the moste abundante in palm grove were those belonging to Diptera order, Musca domestica (3.37%), Coleoptera order of wich Coccinella septempunctata (3.20%), species belong to Orthoptera Acrida pellucida algeriana (2.68%) and Hyménoptera order Polistes dominula (2.60%) (Figs. 5. 1c, 2c). Palm grove ecosystem was recently well studied Zergoun (1994) in Ghardaïa oasis, Hellal (1996); Remini (1997); Farhi & Souttou (2004); Tarai (1991); Achoura et Belhamra (2010); Deghiche-Diab et al. (2015a,b); Deghiche-Diab (2015) in Biskra oasis; Benameur-Saggou (2010) in Ouargla. The important presence of coleoptera order in all type of habitat can be explained by the fact that they constitute 25% of all living in planet (Erwin, 1982). Also as reported (Powell, 2009; Rosenzweig, 1995; Hunt et al., 2007) this order includes more species than any other order. Another explanation can be related to their adaptation (Sheikh et al., 2017) to all climate condition, they are found in all major habitats adapting to the hardest conditions. They can fertilize millions of plants but also they act as a basis for the food web. For this their presence can be also related to the variability of their diet from vegetative foliage (trees, their bark, flowers, leaves, and roots), underground and dead or decaying ones (Gullan & Cranston, 2010). In addition Rowe & Richardson, (2001), demonstrate that in habitat leaf
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