ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the construction and setup of an integrated water supply system in Felidhoo Island, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives

Photo: Water Solutions

Proposed by: Ministry of Environment and Energy Prepared by: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007) For Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Maldives

July 2018

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1 Table of contents 1 Table of contents ...... 3 2 List of Figures and Tables ...... 7 3 Declaration of the consultants ...... 8 4 Proponents Commitment and Declaration ...... 9 5 Non-Technical Summary ...... 13 6 Introduction ...... 14 6.1 Structure of the EIA ...... 14 6.2 Aims and Objective s of the EIA ...... 14 6.3 EIA Implementation ...... 14 6.4 Rational for the formulation of alternatives ...... 14 6.5 Coordination with other stakeholders ...... 14 6.6 Terms of Reference...... 15 7 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ...... 16 7.1 Responsible Institutions ...... 16 7.1.1 Ministry of Environment and Energy ...... 16 7.1.2 Environmental Protection Agency ...... 16 7.1.3 Local Government Authority ...... 16 7.1.4 City councils, Atoll councils and Island councils ...... 16 7.1.5 MWSC ...... 16 7.2 Relevant national laws, policies and regulations ...... 17 7.2.1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act ...... 17 7.2.2 Protected Areas and Sensitive Areas ...... 17 7.2.3 Land Law ...... 17 7.2.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 18 7.2.5 First Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 18 7.2.6 Second Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 18 7.2.7 Third Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 19 7.2.8 Fourth Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 19 7.2.9 Post EIA Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation ...... 20 7.2.10 Environmental Damage Liabilities Regulation, 2011 ...... 20 7.2.11 Public Services Act ...... 20 7.2.12 Desalination Plant Registration Regulation ...... 21 7.2.13 Dewatering Regulation (2013/R-1697) ...... 22 7.2.14 Regulation for cutting down, uprooting and export of trees ...... 23 7.2.15 First amendment to the regulation for cutting down, uprooting and export of trees 24

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7.2.16 Decentralization Act ...... 24 7.2.17 Maldivian Land Act ...... 24 7.2.18 General Laws Act – 4/68(Public property) ...... 24 7.2.19 National Energy Policy ...... 25 7.2.20 Carbon Neutral by 2020 ...... 25 7.2.21 Third National Environment Action Plan (NEAP III) ...... 25 7.2.22 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan ...... 25 7.2.23 Waste Management Policy 2015 (Saafu Raajje) ...... 26 7.2.24 Strategic National Action Plan ...... 26 7.2.25 Waste management Regulations ...... 26 7.2.26 Land use Plan Regulation ...... 26 7.2.27 Borehole drilling guidelines (draft) ...... 26 7.3 International Conventions and Regulations ...... 26 7.3.1 WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality ...... 26 8 Project Description ...... 28 8.1 Project proponent ...... 28 8.2 Project Location and Study Area ...... 28 8.3 Need and Justification for the project ...... 28 8.4 Scope of works ...... 29 8.5 Description of the Proposed Water Supply System ...... 29 8.5.1 System overview ...... 29 8.5.2 RO Water production and Distribution system ...... 33 8.5.2.1 Feed Water ...... 33 8.5.2.2 Pre-treatment of Raw water ...... 33 8.5.2.3 Reverse Osmosis Filtration ...... 33 8.5.2.4 Post treatment and Water storage ...... 33 8.5.2.5 Distribution system ...... 34 8.5.2.6 Methods of the RO plant operation ...... 34 8.5.2.7 Power Supply ...... 35 8.5.2.8 Water storage tanks ...... 35 8.5.2.9 Water ...... 35 8.5.2.10 Household connections & water meter...... 36 8.5.2.11 Brine disposal ...... 36 8.5.2.12 Administration building ...... 37 8.5.3 Rain water harvesting system ...... 37 8.5.3.1 First Flush Mechanism ...... 38 8.5.3.2 Methods and operations...... 39 8.5.3.3 Rain Water Holding Tank ...... 40

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8.6 Existing Power Infrastructure ...... 43 8.7 Project management...... 43 8.8 Project Inputs and Outputs ...... 43 8.8.1 Project Inputs ...... 43 8.8.2 Project Outputs ...... 44 9 Methodology ...... 45 10 Existing Environment of Maldives ...... 46 10.1 Existing general environment of Maldives...... 46 10.2 Existing Marine Environment ...... 46 10.3 Methodology of marine surveys ...... 46 10.4 Coral reef ...... 47 10.4.1 Benthic composition at site 1 (M1) ...... 48 10.4.2 Benthic composition at site 2 (M2) ...... 49 10.4.3 Benthic composition at site 3 (M3) ...... 50 10.5 Status of fish abundance ...... 50 10.6 Marine water quality and bathymetry ...... 51 10.7 Existing Terrestrial Environment ...... 52 10.7.1 Section Brief ...... 52 10.7.2 Ground water ...... 52 10.8 Existing Socio-Economic Environment ...... 54 10.8.1 Overview of Vaavu atoll ...... 54 10.8.2 Population ...... 54 10.8.3 Felidhoo Island ...... 54 10.8.3.1 Electricity ...... 54 10.8.3.2 Health ...... 54 10.8.3.3 Water and sanitation ...... 54 11 Environmental Impacts ...... 55 11.1 Assessing and identification of Impact ...... 55 11.2 Impact identification matrix ...... 55 11.3 Magnitude of impacts ...... 57 11.4 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction ...... 57 11.5 Impacts and mitigation measures ...... 59 11.6 Impacts on the Environment and their mitigation measures ...... 64 12 Stakeholder Consultations ...... 67 12.1 Environment Protection Agency- EPA ...... 67 12.2 Consultation with the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEE) ...... 67 12.3 Consultation with the public...... 68 12.4 Consultation with the Island Council and STELCO ...... 68

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12.5 List of people consulted ...... 69 13 Alternatives ...... 70 13.1 No Project Option ...... 70 13.2 Alternative analysis matrix ...... 70 13.3 Alternative source water extraction ...... 71 13.4 Alternative to Integrated Water Resource Approach ...... 71 13.5 Alternative brine outfall location ...... 71 13.6 Installing Home RO plants at each house...... 72 14 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 76 14.1 Introduction ...... 76 14.2 Environmental management plan ...... 76 14.3 Cost of Monitoring ...... 76 14.4 Duration of Monitoring ...... 76 14.5 Methods of Monitoring ...... 76 14.6 Monitoring Responsibility ...... 76 14.7 Monitoring Report ...... 76 14.8 Environmental Management plan ...... 77 14.8.1 Ground Water Quality management ...... 77 14.8.2 Air Quality ...... 78 14.8.3 Noise ...... 79 14.8.4 Hazardous Substances ...... 80 14.8.5 Waste Management ...... 81 14.8.6 Flora and Fauna ...... 82 14.8.7 Cultural Heritage ...... 83 15 Conclusion ...... 87 16 People who have assisted in the preperation of this report ...... 88 17 Acknowledgements ...... 90 18 Reference Books and Sources ...... 91 19 Annex: Terms of reference ...... 93 20 Annex: Land Approvals Documents from Council ...... 95 21 Annex: Bathymetry of the outfall area ...... 97 22 Annex: Approval of concept design from Ministry of Environment and Energy .. 99 23 Annex: CV’s of unregistered consultants who assisted in this project ...... 101 24 Annex: Methodologies used ...... 103 25 Annex: EIA submission letter to atoll council ...... 105

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2 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: Location of Felidhoo in Vaavu Atoll 28 Figure 2: Stages of rainwater harvesting 31 Figure 3: Process flow diagram of water production (MWSC, 2018) 35 Figure 4: Location of brine outfall 37 Figure 5: First flush mechanism (MWSC, 2018) 39 Figure 6: Disinfection technologies, filter processes and the types of contaminants it can remove 41 Figure 7: Marine Survey Locations 46 Figure 8: Percentage benthic composition at site 1 (M1) (18 March 2018) 48 Figure 9: Photos taken from site 1 (M1) (18 March 2018) 48 Figure 10: Percentage benthic composition at site 2 (M2) (18 March 2018) 49 Figure 11: Photos taken from site 2 (M2) (18 March 2018) 49 Figure 12: Percentage benthic composition at site 3(M3) (18 March 2018) 50 Figure 13: Photos taken from site 3 (18 March 2018) 50 Figure 14: Groundwater sampling locations in Felidhoo Island. 53 Figure 15: Alternative brine discharge outfall. 72 Figure 16: Schedule for environmental monitoring during the construction period as well as per annum during operation period. 85

Table 1: Average rainfall for months over the past ten years (Meteorological Center of Maldives) ...... 38 Table 2: Roof areas for institutional buildings in Felidhoo (MWSC, 20118) ...... 38 Table 3: Table of major inputs during construction ...... 43 Table 4: Table of major outputs of environmental significance during construction and operational stage ...... 44 Table 5: Fish abundance based on the fish survey at survey sites (18 March 2018) ...... 51 Table 6: Results of the marine water quality tests undertaken in Felidhoo Island ...... 51 Table 7: Types and number of trees to be removed ...... 52 Table 8: Results of the groundwater quality in Felidhoo island, Vaavu Atoll (March 2018). 53 Table 9: Population of the islands in Vaavu Atoll (Census, 2014) ...... 54 Table 10: Impact assessment matrix for the project ...... 56 Table 11: Impact magnitudes and their corresponding scores...... 57 Table 12: Matrix of specific impacts and their characterization ...... 64 Table 13: List of people consulted ...... 69 Table 14: Advantages and disadvantages of the no project option ...... 70 Table 15: Alternative analysis matrix ...... 73 Table 16: Alternative analysis matrix ...... 75

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3 Declaration of the consultants This EIA report has been prepared according to the EIA Regulations 2012, issued by the Ministry of Housing and Environment and all the amendments brought to the regulation including the amendment number 2016/R-66 gazetted 11 August 2016. The EIA was carried out by a multidisciplinary consulting team representing Water Solutions Private Ltd. In preparing this report, no data has been manipulated. All data has been collected by field visits. I as the lead consultant certify that the statements in this Environmental Impact Assessment study are true, complete and correct. Name: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007)

Signature:

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4 Proponents Commitment and Declaration

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EIA for the construction and setup of an integrated water supply system in Felidhoo Island, Vaavu Atoll

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ާސާލުޙ ާދާސ

ިއަގޫދިލެފ ުޅޮތައ ވ ްށަކަމުތަގިއަޑަވިދެއ ެގީޖރާނެއ ްޑްނެއ ްޓްނެމރަޔަވްނެއ ްފޮއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ީކަޓޯޕިރިމ ާހިކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސެގ ުއޫރްޝަމ ާވިއަފިވޭރ ްނަގްނިހ ްށަމުރުކުމިއާގ ްއެމާޒިނ ެގުނެފ ާވިއަފިހެމާލ .ެވެކެޓރޯޕިރ ާވިއަފިވެރުކުރާޔްއަތ ްނިއ ްނަޝުއިލޮސ ރަޓޯވ ްނުތޮގ ެގުމުލެބ ޯތްއެމަކެނާރުކްއެރަސައ

ީނެވެރުކްނުނޭބ ްށަމިއުބ ިއާމުކްއެކ ިއަގުށަރިމ .ެވެކެށަރ ަންނޮއ ްއެއ ީދާބާއ ެގ ްނުހީމ 856 ީކައ ޫދިލެފ.ވ .ެވެކެނެފ ާވިއަފެވުނޮލ ްށަރަވ ޭވެރުކުންނުނޭބ ްނުކަތުބާސިހ ްއެެއަބ ީކަނެފުޅަވ ޭގެނ ްނުމިބ ެގުށަރިމ .ެވެނެފޭރާވ ްޓރޯޕިރ ިމ .ެވެއެވެރުކ ަކަހާފ ްނަކިރުހ ްސެވްށޮކްށަދ ްށަރަވ ިއަބ ެގުނޮލ ިއަގުކަތ ުދްއަހަރަސ ްއެއަބ ަމަހ ިދައ .ެވެއެނާވިއަފިވެރުކުޓްސެޓ ްނުކަތުބާސިހ ިކެއ ީޓިލޮކ ެގުނެފ ެގުށަރ ިއަގާލަހުރަމ ެގުމުރުކުރާޔްއަތ

ްޓީރްޓ ީރަލެގ ްނަޝޭރްޓްލިފްނިއ ަތަވުނ ްނެފ ާގަނ ްނުމިބ ިދައ ްނެފޭރާވ ީނަވިއަފިނެމިހ ްނުތޮގިމ ިއަގުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްނެފާރުކ ްޓީރްޓ ިދައ .ެވެމުރުކުރޭބްށަދޫމ ްނެފުނޮލ ާވީކާބ ިއާމާޒިނ ާދަހ ްށަނެފުރީމ ްނެފުނޮލ ިއާތާރާމިއ ެނާރުކ ރައްކާކުރާނެ ވަސީލަތްތަކާއި، ފެން އާންމު ރައްޔިތުންނަށް ފޯރުކޮށްދިނުމަށް ގާާއިމުކުރާ ނިޒާމުހިމެނެއެވެ.

ެނާރުކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގޫރްޝަމ ިމ ްނުކަތާސާރިދ ުނުދެހ ިދައ ްނުކަތްއަތްނަކ ިލެބ ްށޮކްތަޔާއިރ ްށަމަކްނަކިމ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގ ްޓެޖޮރްޕ ިމ ުހަފްށަމުލެބ ްށަކަތ ާސާރިދ ުނުވެރުކ .ެވެއަފިވެނަގެނެދ ީނަވ ުރަސައ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ުރިއާދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ ްޓްކެޖޮރްޕ ިމ ީކަބަބަސ .ެވެއެނެފ ްށަކަމަކެނޭބިލ ްއެކަތ ްނުލްއެގ ެގުރަވިކެއ ްނުރުކ ރަޓޯވީޑ ުރިއަންނޮކ ްނަޅައ ްނިއަލިޅޮހ .ެވެއ ީތޭނެމިހ ްށަކަރަވ ްސެވެމްނޮކ ްއެކަތްއަތްނަކ ާވްނުލްއެގ ަލިތްނެފ ްސެވަމަނ .ެވެކަތްނަކ ެނާގނިހ ިއަގްއެތަދްއުމ ުރުކ ްށަރަވ ްނުތަބްސިނ ީއިމ .ެވެއެނޭނެމިހ ެގުމުޅެއ ިޅޮހ ިއަމ ާރުކުރޭބ ްނިއަރްބ ްނުރުތިއ ެގީމ .ެވެއެނޭހެޖ ްނަރުކ ރަޓޯވީޑ ްށަޑޮބ ިއަގުކަތުދްއަހަރަސ ެގުނެފ ެގުމިބ ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ިމ ްނުމަކްނެހިމ .ެވެއެނޭބިލ ްއެކަތ ްނުލްއެގ ެގްއެރަވ ްސެވެމްނޮކ ުރިއާރުކްތަކްތަސަމ .ެވެއެނާވިއަފިނެމިހ ްއެމާޒިނ ެނޭލެބ ްށޮކ ރަޓިނޮމ ީޓިލޮކ

ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ްސެވްނަކެނާރުކ ްއެކަތާދިއަފ ްއަތެއ ްނުތޮގ ީޙްއިސ ިދައ ީއާމިތްޖިއ ެގުށަރ ްނުބަބަސ ެގ ުޢޫރްޝަމ ިމ ީމަކެނާރުކ ްށަންނުތަޔްއަރ ުރަސައ ެގޭއ ިއަފެވަނިގުނަހުނ ްއަތާދިއަފޭބިލ ްނުތޮގިމ .ެވެއެނާވިއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ީނާރުކ ެރުވްށަމުލްއެގ ޭބިލ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްނުމުލެބިލެބ ްށޮކާސާރިދ ިމ .ެވެނޫނ ްއެމަކްތޮއ ްސެވްއެކްއަޝ ުމްނިހުމ ްށަރަވ ީކަމުއިދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ ުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްނުމަކެނާރުކ ްއެކަތާދިއަފ ްނުބަބަސ ެގްޓްކެޖޮރްޕ ިމ .ެވެއާދިއަފ .ެވެއެނެފ ްށަމަކްއެމަކުޅަގނަރ ެމްނެއ ިދައ

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5 Non-Technical Summary This report discusses the findings of an environmental impact study undertaken by Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd in order to fulfil obligatory requirements of the National Environment Protection and Preservation Act, Law No. 4/93 for the proposed setup of the water supply system (hereafter referred to as the project) in Felidhoo island, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. The purpose of this EIA is to identify and minimize potential adverse environmental impacts related to this project and enhance the overall quality of the project. By examining the project location, the legal framework and the existing environmental components such as marine ecology and the socio-economic aspects, this EIA provides useful information regarding the extent, nature and the magnitude of impacts that are likely to occur. The EIA will also help to identify the long term socio-economic benefits to the community after implementing this project. It also provides a framework for future monitoring of the environment, so that changes can be monitored and corrective measures can be undertaken. The proposed project aims to establish an integrated water resource to supply potable water for the island through Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant and treated harvested rainwater from institutional roofs of the island. Feed water for the RO plant shall be received from a bore well. This water will then go through the processes for reverse osmosis which includes pre-treatment of raw water, reverse osmosis filtration, post treatment and then water storage. Rainwater for the rainwater harvesting system is to be collected from institutional roofs and stored at interceptor tanks or access chambers located at institutions. The rainwater stored is processed by micro filtration, ultraviolet filtration, UV disinfection and chlorine disinfection. The aforementioned two systems will be integrated to utilize and supply potable water for the island community effectively and efficiently. This is achieved by 25% of treated rainwater with 75% of RO water in the final product. Several environmental impacts of this proposed project have been examined through a number of processes. These include consultations with the project development team, field surveys, observations and assessment, and field experience gained from similar development projects implemented throughout the country. Potential positive and negative impacts on the environment have been considered. The assessment indicates environmental impacts, both during the construction and operation stage. During the construction period, impacts are likely to occur mainly due to construction of the building, laying the network and pumps. Water distribution system will be designed with two pumps, one on operation and the other as standby. The pump system will be provided with variable speed drive/s to maintain a constant pressure in the water distribution network. Brine outfall location has been selected to be adjacent to the RO facility Building to minimize the distance of disposal line and to reduce head loss in brine outfall. The outfall pipe would be laid out from the Northern side of the island. Although the project has a number of drawbacks, mostly at the construction stage, project will benefit the island community in many ways. As the current resource of ground water is found out to be mostly contaminated, a clean usable source of water is necessary for the island. Therefore this project will improve the health of the community when safer water is provided. Despite these shortcomings the project does not pose serious threats to the natural environment (marine and terrestrial) and will directly benefit the community, both in the short and long term. Minor negative impacts with varying significance will occur as the project is implemented

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6 Introduction This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act, law no. 4/93 in order to assess the impacts of the proposed construction of an integrated waster system in Felidhoo Island, Vaavu Atoll. The aim of this project is to ensure that the project is sustainably undertaken to address and manage the environmental issues. 6.1 Structure of the EIA The report has been structured to meet the requirements of the EIA regulations 2012 issued by the Ministry of Housing and Environment and subsequent revisions. Hence, the report will provide an executive summary at the beginning. The report will then have a project description in detail, existing environmental conditions, justifications given by the proponent for undertaking the proposed project components and alternatives. Alternatives to proposed components or activities in terms of location, construction methods and technologies, design and environmental considerations would be suggested. A mitigation plan and monitoring programme before, during and after the works will be outlined at the end. The major findings of this report are based on qualitative and quantitative assessments undertaken during site visit in August 2017 and through the use of available secondary data. The impact assessment methodology has been restricted to field data collected, consultations, experience and professional judgment. In addition, satellite and aerial photos have also been used to study the geography and environment where necessary. 6.2 Aims and Objective s of the EIA The objective of the report is to:  Promote informed and environmentally sound decision making.  To fulfill the obligations of the proponent to undertake an EIA under Clause 5 of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives.  Undertake the proposed project work with minimum damage to the environment.  Ensure that all the environmental and social aspects of the project are addressed.  Propose recommendation measures to the proponent 6.3 EIA Implementation This EIA has been prepared by a local environmental consulting firm, Water Solutions. Water Solutions have been chosen by the proponent as the environmental consultants for this project. The team members were:  Hassan Shah, BSc, EIA (P02/2007)  Abdul Aleem, BSc, MPH – Mapping and GIS  Ahmed Jameel, B. Eng (Environmental), MSc – Environmental (EIA-P07/2007)  Mohamed Umar, BSc - Environmental Management (EIA T07/2017)  Nashfa Nashidh, BSc – Environmental Science 6.4 Rational for the formulation of alternatives Alternatives analysis provides other ways of implementing the project or various components of the project. Hence, in formulating the alternatives, various critical components of the project were considered such as treatment options, technologies, future expansion, environmental acceptability, cost and benefits to the community. These factors were used to assess the various alternatives for the project as outlined in detail in the relevant sections. 6.5 Coordination with other stakeholders The EIA can be considered as a blanket permit through which, the permit will be given to undertake the works. However, before an EIA is undertaken, various government and other stakeholders provide their input to the formulation of the project. Following are key points with this regard.

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 The client develops the project in consultation with the needs and requirements from the community.  Independent consultants prepare feasibility studies and outlines potential locations for outfall, bore hole and RO plant.  The feasibility is studied by the client and the community for any overlaps and land allocation issues such as its applicability to the existing land use of the island.  The community provides assurance to the project by giving their consent for any issues requiring allocation of land, such as outfall, bore hole and RO plant.  Once the concept is finalized, then independent consultants will develop detail designs as per the waste water guidelines. These get approved through consultation with the client.  Client tenders the project and selects a contractor through the government tendering process.  In parallel, an EIA consultant is hired and awarded the project to prepare the EIA.  The EIA Consultant, during the preparation of the report revisits the project concept where by the various components are studied and alternative methods or technologies are identified. The report also identifies advantages and disadvantages of the various components and how practical they are.  The EIA is then reviewed by independent consultants through the EIA review process before approval is granted.  Once the EIA is approved, then the contractor can implement the project. 6.6 Terms of Reference Terms of Reference for this assessment has been included in the Appendix of this report.

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7 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework This section outlines the relevant environmental legislation pertaining to this project. The following table outlines a matrix of major environmental laws, guidelines, codes and standards, both local and international indicating the relevance to this project. Details of these regulations, what they cover and under what circumstances they apply are attached as an annex. 7.1 Responsible Institutions The main government institutions that have roles and responsibilities relevant to this project are summarised below. 7 . 1 . 1 Ministry of E nvironment and Energy The Ministry of Environment and Energy is mandated for the effective implementation of the Environmental Protection Act of the country and has the statutory power over issues related to the environment. It has the central control over the environment protection, management, conservation and environmental emergencies. The Ministry operates mainly at a policy level and the more regulatory and technical assessment activities are mandated to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In this respect EPA has now been mandated to manage all issues relating to Environmental Impact Assessment of individual projects. Ministry of Environment and Energy is also the proponent of this project. 7 . 1 . 2 Environmental Protection Agency The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy has responsibility for efficient operation of the EIA process. This encompasses a number of tasks, including screening of projects and provision of general procedural advice to the project proponents throughout the EIA process. The EPA manages the review of the EIA report and is responsible for any approvals or recommendations associated with the EIA. It is also responsible for verifying that environmental protection measures are properly implemented by undertaking environmental audits in collaboration with other government as well as non- government agencies with a role for environmental protection and preservation. For this project EPA is the competent authority to provide the desalination plant registration permit, permit to operate and supply water, and the permit for dewatering during the construction phase of this project. 7 . 1 . 3 Local Government Authority Local Government Authority (LGA) was appointed as the responsible institution for standardizing and monitoring the local councils in May 2010. LGA was established to regulate the administrative units and to facilitate the local councils as per the responsibilities of the councils stated in the chapter 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Maldives. 7 . 1 . 4 City councils, Ato ll councils and Island councils The Decentralization Act was passed in 2010 to accord with the decentralized governance stated in the chapter 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Maldives. Article 3of the Act states that among the 21 administrative units in the Maldives, an atoll council shall be established in every administrative unit besides the ones that qualify as a city. For these administrative units, a city council shall be established. Island councils are established in every inhabited island and they are to answer and report to the atoll council whilst the atoll councils report to the LGA. This is stated in the Article 3 (d) of the Decentralization Act. There are 18 atoll councils and 3 city councils (Male’, Addu and Fuvahmulah). 7 . 1 . 5 MWSC Male’ Water and Sewerage Company is the pioneer organization in the Maldives to institute a water production and wastewater management. The company provides the people of Male’ with potable water and manage wastewater sustainably, serving more than 50% of the population. Survey and design of provision for water supply system in V.Felidhoo was designed by MWSC.

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7.2 Relevant national laws, policies and regulations 7 . 2 . 1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act The project conforms to the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives, Law no. 4/93. The EIA has been undertaken in accordance with the EIA Regulation 2012 of the Maldives by registered consultants. Furthermore, it adheres to the principles underlined in the regulations, action plans, programmes and policies of Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Housing and Infra Structure and relevant local councils. These are discussed in detail in the following sections and relevant amendments brought to the regulations from time are also considered in this chapter.  The Articles of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (Law No. 4/93) addresses the following aspects of environmental management:  Guidelines and advice on environmental protection shall be provided by the concerned government authorities.  Formulating policies, rules and regulations for protection and conservation of the environment in areas that do not already have a designated government authority already carrying out such functions shall be carried out by MEEW.  Identifying and registering protected areas and natural reserves and drawing up of rules and regulations for their protection and preservation.  An EIA shall be submitted to MEEW before implementing any developing project that may have a potential impact on the environment.  Projects that have any undesirable impact on the environment can be terminated without compensation.  Disposal of waste, oil, poisonous substances and other harmful substances within the territory of the Republic of Maldives is prohibited. Waste shall be disposed only in the areas designated for the purpose by the government.  Hazardous / Toxic or Nuclear Wastes shall not be disposed anywhere within the territory of the country. Permission should be obtained for any trans-boundary movement of such wastes through the territory of Maldives.  The Penalty for Breaking the Law and Damaging the Environment are specified.  The government of the Maldives reserves the right to claim compensation for all damages that are caused by activities that are detrimental to the environment. The proposed project will fully abide to the Environmental Preservation and Protection Act. Disposal of oil, chemicals and other hazardous materials will be strictly controlled and managed. Such materials will not be disposed in to the local or the regional environment, but will be transported to designate waste disposal site that need to be identified by the Ministry of Housing and Environment. All mitigation measures will be implemented in the interest of the environment. 7 . 2 . 2 Protected Areas and Sensitive Are as Under Article 4 of the Environment Protection and Preservation Act, the Ministry of Environment is vested with the responsibility of identifying and registering protected areas and natural reserves and drawing up of rules and regulations for their protection and preservation. As part of the Environmental Regulation, EPA has established list of ‘sensitive sites’ in the Maldives. Although not formalized as a regulation, the sensitive list is mentioned in the recent Regulation on Dredging and Reclamation (Regulation number 2014/R-13, see Section 5.7, page34). The sensitive sites, according to EPA are sites in the Maldives (islands, reefs, mangroves, inter-tidal areas) where developments ought to be restricted, regulated or controlled. Some view those sites mentioned in the sensitive list have no meaning because there is no evidence to show any ‘sensitive features’ of the areas. There are no protected areas or sensitive areas in V. Felidhoo. 7 . 2 . 3 L a n d L a w

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The law governs the allocation of Maldivian land for different purposes and uses and other issues regarding the issuing of land, issuing of state dwellings for residential purposes, conduct regarding state dwellings or private dwellings constructed for residential purposes and the sale, transfer and lease of Maldivian Land. All transactions concerning the issuing, receiving, owning, selling, lease, utilizing and using Maldivian land shall be conducted in compliance with this Act. Allocation of land for various purposes in this project such as the RO plant location has been done according to this law. Refer to annex for details of council approvals and documentations regarding land allocation and approvals. 7 . 2 . 4 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 The Ministry of Environment has issued EIA regulation on May 2012, which guides the process of undertaking the Environmental Impact Assessment in the Maldives – This guideline also provides a comprehensive outline of the EIA process, including the roles and responsibilities of the consultants and the proponents. This regulation outlines every step of the IEE/EIA process beginning from application to undertake an EIA, details on the contents, minimum requirements for consultants undertaking the EIA, format of the EIA/IEE report and many more. The guidance provided in this Regulation was followed in the preparation of this EIA report. And the EIA has also been prepared by registered consultants 7 . 2 . 5 F i r s t Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 This amendment was gazetted on 9th April 2013. As per this amendment the responsible authority has to check the submitted EIA report for everything mentioned in the Regulation’s article (Kaafu) was in order and inform the proponent whether the EIA Report has been accepted or rejected within 2 working days. The penalty for repetitive offenses has been also amended in this amendment of the Regulation. 7 . 2 . 6 Second Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 This amendment was gazetted on 30th August 2015. With this Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012, the following important points were noted. - Procedural changes have been made to the EIA process. One of the most important changes was shifting the tourism related developmental project EIA’s to the Ministry of Tourism. Slight changes to the process like finalization of the Terms of Reference during the scoping meeting and changes in the fees structure for review process has been made to three different categories. Article 8 (a) of the amendment of the decision for screening form is as follows 1- Environmental Management Plan

2- Initial Environmental Examination

3- Environmental Impact Assessment

4- Approval to go forward with the screened project

5- Approval to go forward with the project with as per the mitigation measures proposed by EPA.

a. The amendment’s article 9 (b) says the decision for IEE will be as follows

6- Environmental Impact Assessment Report if the project anticipated to have major environmental impacts

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7- Environmental Management Plan

8- Approval to go forward with the project if the project is not anticipated to occur major environmental impacts

- Article 10 of this amendment says that two (2) reviewers are required to review the environmental management plan and the selection of the reviewers are to be carried out as per the article 13(b). 7 . 2 . 7 T h i r d Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 Amendment 3 (issued on 11th August 2016) covers the point systems for consultants, categories of the consultants and amendment of the penalties to consultants and proponents who fail to follow the regulation. This EIA report was prepared by a Category A registered EIA consultant. 7 . 2 . 8 F o u r t h A d d e n d um to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 There was a 4th amendment done on the EIA regulation 2012 and gazetted on 19th January 2017. This amendment explains about the projects that can be preceded without an Environmental Impact Assessment when the proponent requests to the Ministry of Environment and Energy in writing along with commitments or guarantee that the Proponent will carry out the mitigation measures that may impact on the Environment due to such projects. A list of such projects given in the amendment is as follows. 1- Deepening of Existing harbors and channels as same as the foot print

2- Uprooting trees that fall into the existing plots given to citizens for residential purpose

3- Uprooting trees that fall into the roads/path ways to the above plots. (Only councils or who takes such responsibilities can apply).

4- Drilling boreholes to take water.

5- Reclamation carried out as land extension means to the natural existing land. Such lands that are less than 3 years after the reclamation is completed with exception of the projects mentioned article 1 ( c ) of this amendment.

6- Reclamation carried out in a lagoon with an island shape or characteristics. Such lands that are less than 5 years after the reclamation is completed with exception of the projects mentioned article 1 ( c ) of this amendment.

Environmental Impact Assessment shall be carried out and permission shall be obtained in Lands that are mentioned in 5 and 6 as above, when such lands become inhabited. Environmental Impact Assessment shall be carried out in the following projects even in the lands that are reclaimed as per the number 5 and 6 explained above. 1- Projects that involve Dangerous Chemicals

2- Projects that involve in any Oil Storage

3- Projects that involve Incinerators

4- Projects that involves release of any poisonous elements to the atmosphere

5- Projects that involve fiber glass work.

The amendment also says that this amendment will come into force from the date it is gazetted.

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The relevance of this amendment to this EIA is relevant as some of the mature trees that fall on the foot print of the roads that need to be cleared to lay the network line is required. The Island Council has indicated that compensation will be given to tree owners. 7 . 2 . 9 Post EIA Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation The environmental monitoring programme given in EIA reports is an important aspect of the EIA process. The monitoring programme outlines the objectives of the monitoring; the specific information to be collected; the data collection program, and managing the monitoring programme. Managing the monitoring programme requires assigning institutional responsibility, reporting requirements, enforcement capability, and ensuring that adequate resources are provided in terms of funds, skilled staff, etc. The monitoring programme outlined in this report will comply with the EIA Regulations 2012 and TOR approved by the EPA for this project. 7 . 2 . 1 0 Environmental Damage Liabilities Regulation, 2011 Under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (No. 4/93), the Ministry of Environment and Energy formulated the Environmental Damage Liabilities Regulation in February 2011, which encompasses the basis to avoid environmental deterioration, extinction of biological resources, environmental degradation and avoid wastage of natural resources. The main purpose of this regulation is to stop unlawful activities on environment and adequately implement a fining procedure for violations as well as implement a compensation mechanism on environmental damages. Its Schedules form the basis for levying fines on various environmental components and activities. Under the Article 14 of the regulation, any party, from whom the implementing agency requires information relating to an investigation or for other purposes of this regulation, should provide such information. This regulation describes the factors to consider when determining the fine to be charged on a party causing damage to the environment and formulas to measure the magnitude of the damages caused to the environment. 7 . 2 . 1 1 Public Services Act Public Services Act (Law No. 4/96), has to be taken into consideration the general public services that are sewerage services, registering the users and levying fees for the provision of service as well as discontinuation of service. The Act has specific relevance to the provision of water, electricity and sewerage services. Relevant Articles under this law pertaining to the proposed project are as follows. Article 3 states that any party can provide general public services only after getting registered in the competent authority and according to its regulations. Article 4 states that any public service must be provided after a contract agreement has been made between the service provider and the customer. The agreement must be made according to the regulations put forward by the competent authority. Article 5 states that a transfer of service between customers must be made only after a contract has been made between the customers according to the service providers regulations. If the customer fails to comply with the agreement, the service provider can discontinue service only after approval from competent authority. Article 7 states that the service provider can permanently discontinue its services according to regulation mentioned in article 3 of this law. However temporary discontinuation can be made after giving prior notification to the customers and according to the agreement made between the service provider and the customer. Article 8 states that the tariffs for the services must be approved from the competent authority prior to implementation. Furthermore, any amendments to tariff structure also must be approved from the competent authority before implementation.

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Article 9 states that any damage made to service provider’s facilities, can be charged with 10 prison penalty or banishment. Furthermore, any action against this law (excluding what is mentioned in article 9 (a) of this law) can be charged between MVR 100 to MVR 5000 by the competent authority. 7 . 2 . 1 2 Desalination Plant Registration Regulation Desalination plant registration regulation describes the desalination plant as any machine or equipment that can convert seawater into potable drinking water. Article 1 states that any desalination plant for any purpose must be operated after getting registered in the Maldives water and Sanitation Authority (MWSA). Article 2 states that desalination plant can be registered if it is to be designed to cater for 200 people, or is to be used in the tourism industry, or if is an integrated part of a socio- economic development. Further a special permit maybe given depending on the type of the project. Article 3 states that the following information must be provided when applying to get registered;  Water quality of area surrounding desalination plant on the island

 Justification for the need of desalination plant

 How water produced from the desalination plant is going to be used and its volume

 Method of obtaining raw water for the desalination plant

 Method and site of discharge of reject water from the desalination plant

 Approval from the sanitation facility if reject water is going to be discharged into sanitation system.

 Detailed drawings of the desalination plant

 Competency of the party who is designing and installing the desalination plant

 Water quality monitoring and reporting plan to MWSA

 Competency of the party who is operating the desalination plant

Article 4 states that a copy of the approved EIA report made for the desalination plant and a copy of the decision statement must also be submitted to MWSA when applying for registration. If desalination plant is installed under a project, the project EIA must include the desalination plant, if not an EIA has to be done. Article 6 states that raw water for desalination plant must be obtained as follows;  Raw water for desalination plant must be taken from the beach, sea or land.

 If raw water is to be taken from sea, there should be a mechanism to get the water filtered in a storage tank. The storage tank must be able to hold 50% of water needed for the desalination plant.

 If raw water is to be taken from sea, the desalination plant should be designed in such a way that it can withstand storms and other hazards.

 If raw water is to be taken from beach wells, the beach well must be constructed according to the directions of MWSA

 If raw water is to be taken from land, water must be taken from a borehole drilled well below the freshwater lens.

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 Desalination plant must be designed in such a way that the temperature of the water does not change or water quality is not affected by changes in water temperature.

 When water is extracted from the beach well or borehole, the water level inside must not change greater than 50 mm. The desalination plant must be operated for 24 hours in the presence of MWSA appointed staff and the document mentioned no change in water level must be obtained.

 Desalination plant must be installed in a way that it integrated with the environment and does not decrease aesthetics of the area.

Article 7 states that the capacity of the desalination plant meet the demands. A desalination plant with a capacity higher than needed must not be installed. The highest capacity for desalination plant is determined by the following;  If for domestic purposes, based on the number of people living and including the population projected for 5 years, 150 liters per individual per day.

 If for agricultural purposes, based on square meter of agricultural field, 60 liters per square meter per day or MWSA decides a guideline based on technical information submitted regarding the work.

 If for tourist resort, 250 liters per individual per day.

 If for industrial work, MWSA decides a guideline based on technical information submitted regarding the work. Further, 50% capacity as standby used for the above- mentioned capacity.

 Article 8 states that water from land must be extracted according to MWSA guidelines. Article 9 states that brine outfall must be discharged into the inner lagoon or 10 meters out of the reef into the sea, according to environmental regulations. Under no circumstance should it be discharged onto the reef or into land. If discharging into a sanitation system, must get approval from owner of sanitation system.

Article 14 states that private desalination plant systems must also report on water quality as advised by the MWSA. Article 15 states that the operator of a registered desalination plant must be changed after prior written notice to MWSA and getting registered. Article 18 states that an administrative fee of MVR 1000 is required for the registration. Article 19 states that if a desalination plant operator is found to be going against this regulation or other regulations pertaining to water by MWSA, they can be penalized as follows;  withholding its registry until the operator corrects its actions accordingly to this regulation and related regulations put forward by MWSA

 Cancellation of registry of operators who repeatedly violates regulation.

Note: Although in the regulation it says that MWSA is the regulatory authority for desalination plants, EPA is currently handling the matters related to water and sanitation. 7 . 2 . 1 3 Dewatering Regulation (2013/R - 1 6 9 7 ) This regulation was enacted with the aim of minimizing the impacts to ground water while carrying dewatering activities. Dewatering for any economic activity can be done after acquiring the written permit from the competent authority as stated in the Article 5 of this regulation. This does not include extracting water for domestic well placements, cleaning and agricultural purposes.

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Article 8 states that an administrative fee of MVR 500 has to be paid to the competent authority when submitting the form mentioned in article 7. Article 9 states that water samples must be tested from a certified laboratory and their results attached with the form in this regulations annex 1. The results must not be more than 45 days old from the tested date. The following parameters must be tested;  Temperature, 0C

 TDS, mg/l

 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l

 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm

 Turbidity, NTU

 Salinity, ppm

 Ammonia, mg/l

 Fecal Coliforms 0/100

 Hydrogen Sulphide, mg/l

 Nitrates, mg/l

 Phosphates, mg/l

Article 15 states that the competent authority has to maintain records about the dewatering approvals they give. If a sanitation service provider gives service of water discharging from dewatering activities, then they must provide those dewatering activity details before the 10 of each month for the previous month’s activities. Article 16 states that the competent authority has the full discretion to stop any dewatering activities ongoing without approval. The competent authority is EPA and dewatering permits shall be obtained from them. 7 . 2 . 1 4 R e g u l a t i o n f o r cutting down, uprooting and export o f t r e e s The Regulation on cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to another was recently issued by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water. Clause 5 (a) of the regulations states that Prior to the commencement of any project(s) that would require the indiscriminate removal and export of trees/palms from one island to another for the purpose of agriculture, development/development, construction or any other purpose, it is mandatory under the Regulation to prepare an EIA Report stating clearly the details of the Project(s) with all necessary information and submit the same through the relevant Ministry to Ministry of Environment and Energy and the project(s) can only commence upon the grant of written approval from the MEE. Article 8 (a) requires permission be obtained from Ministry of Environment and Energy, if more than 10 coconut palms that are of a height of 15 ft (from base of the palm to the tip of the palm frond) are cut, uprooted or relocated to another island. The regulation also ensures the replacement of the vegetation that is lost by imposing the planting of two palms for every palm tree that is cut or uprooted (Article 2 (d)). Logging on inhabited islands must be done under supervision of the islands chief or an official appointed by the island chief (Article 8 (c). According to Article 3 (a) no trees can be cut or uprooted within the 15m zone inside from the vegetation line of an island. If there is any mangrove areas in the island, no trees and be uprooted, dig out or cut within the 15m buffer zone around the mangrove area (Article 3 (b)).

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Uprooting and cutting of the trees would be carried out as outlined in the regulations. Two trees would be planted for each tree removed. This regulation has no implication to the proposed project as it is undertaken in a cleared area of the island. 7 . 2 . 1 5 First amendment to the regulation for cutting down, uprooting and export of trees Amendment 1 was issued on 30th January 2014 and revised the articles 8 and 11. Article 3 defines the types of trees that are prohibited from cutting, uprooting or removing. This amendment now consists of the following types of trees: (a) (1) Any tree that is within 15m from the vegetation line (2) Trees within a 15m buffer zone from any mangrove and wetland area.

(3) Trees that are within the Environmentally Protected Area declared by the government

(4) Trees that are protected by the government for conservation

(5) Trees with a special or unique feature

(b) (1) For any tree or palm cut down or uprooted for a government development project, permission will be given if 6 trees or 6 palms trees are proposed to be planted in compensation. (2) Permission mentioned in (b) (1) shall be granted if a monitoring plan is included in the project plan

Previous Article 11 is now changed to be Article and 12 as a new Article is added. The new Article 11 states that Environmental Protection Agency is the regulatory implementing agency. 7 . 2 . 1 6 Decentralization Act The Decentralization Act establishes the local councils as highest authority in the locality and who shall have executive powers to be exercised in accordance with this Act. The Act establishes Atoll Councils, Island Councils and City Councils. 7 . 2 . 1 7 M a l d i v ian Land Act The Maldivian land Act governs the allocation of Maldivian land for different purposes and uses other issues regarding the issuing of land, issuing of state dwellings for residential purposes, conduct regarding state dwellings or private dwellings constructed for residential purposes and the sale, transfer and lease of Maldivian Land. Article 3 (a) states that the policies concerning Maldivian land shall be decided by the president of the Maldives on the advice of the discussions in the Ministers Cabinet. In accordance with section 3 of this act, land shall be allocated for the following purposes and uses for residential, commercial, social, environmental protection and institutional uses. The ministries entrusted with land in accordance to section 4 of this Act shall allocate the land, lease or transact any business in regard to the land only in accordance with this Act and any other Acts in force regarding the allocation of land for different purposes and uses. 7 . 2 . 1 8 General Laws Act – 4/68(Public p r o p e r t y ) The general Laws Act 4/68, Paragraph 7 stipulates that public property such as trees, coconut palms, farm land, households and such owned by public or private individuals, if required to be obtained by the Government, the property can be obtained by the Ministry of Justice or the High Court of the Maldives. The above shall be done only after the individual is fairly compensated for the property or by financial compensation proposed by the property holder. If the public property to be attained is a land plot or a household, the property holder shall be

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given adequate time for clearance of the area. If a private property belonging to one individual creates nuisance to another, the matter shall be resolved by the Atoll Council for issues arising in the islands. This project does not require removal of any personal properties nor trees. 7 . 2 . 1 9 National Energy Policy The National Energy Policy looks at existing issues, constraints and emerging issues. The policy addresses issues of energy supply, consumption, environment, renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainability. Sustainable supply and consumption is the main focus of the policy. According to the policy document, only 3% of energy is from biomass and solar energy while the rest is from refined petroleum products with diesel fuel accounting to 83% of the total energy consumption in the Maldives. Therefore, there is a great deal of work that needs to be done if carbon neutrality were to be achieved by 2020. 7 . 2 . 2 0 Carbon Neutral by 2020 In March 2009, President Nasheed announced the target to make Maldives carbon neutral by 2020. Hence, in the implementation of the project, careful attention needs to be given to ensure energy efficiency and reduce transport related fuel consumption. 7 . 2 . 2 1 Third National Environm ent Action Plan (NEAP III) The aim of NEAP III is to protect and preserve the environment of the Maldives and to sustainably manage its resources for the collective benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations. The following principles outlined in the NEAP III to in environment protection and environmental management are;  Environmental protection is the responsibility of every individual  Achieve results - The actions, activities, regulations, supervision, reporting, incentives, information and advice for environmental management shall be directed and well- coordinated to achieve the results the citizens want.  Promote and practice sustainable development  Ensure local democracy  Inter-sectoral co-ordination and co-operation  Informed decision making  Precaution first  Continuous learning and improvement  Right to information and participation  Environmental protection complements development  NEAP III contains environmental policies and guidelines that should be adhered to in the implementation of the proposed project activities.  The water supply facility development will also be in accordance with the main strategies of the NEAP III. The proponent is committed to the EIA and the proposed monitoring programme. The monitoring programme proposed in this report outlines the environmental management strategy and plan. This EIA has also been prepared in consultation with the key stakeholders, especially the island council, island community of V.Felidhoo and relevant stakeholders. Therefore, these measures address the key strategies outlined in the NEAP III 7 . 2 . 2 2 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 (NBSAP 2016-2025) seeks to ensure that threats to biodiversity are addressed, biodiversity is conserved, sustainably used and benefits arising from them are shared equitably. It also encompasses ways of addressing gaps, challenges and constraints highlighted in earlier sections. It is a living document that will have the capacity to adapt to changes in national conditions, capacities and to the changes in the international arena. In implementing the proposed project activities due care would be given to ensure that the national biodiversity strategies are adhered to.

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7 . 2 . 2 3 Waste Management Policy 2015 (Saafu Raajje) The aim of the waste management policy is to formulate and implement guidelines and means for solid waste management in order to maintain a healthy environment. Accordingly, the key elements of the policy include:  Ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction of waste generated;  Develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate to enforce such guidelines through inter-sectoral collaboration;  Ensure safe disposal of chemical, hazardous and industrial waste. The proponents of this project must be aware of the policy and all solid and hazardous waste produced in this project should be disposed according to the Environmental Management Plan for the project, which reflects the principles of the Waste Management Policy. 7 . 2 . 2 4 Strategic National Action Plan The strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaption (SNAP) (2010-2020) recognizes the islands of the Maldives by nature are low lying exposing the communities to the threat of beach erosion, sea level rise and salt water intrusion to the ground water lens and other impacts from climate change as natural hazards faced by the Maldives. The key goals of the SNAP include building resilient communities through empowerment and incorporating disaster risk reduction into government’s decentralization policy have been stated. 7 . 2 . 2 5 Waste management Regulations The Ministry of Environment has developed national waste management regulation. The key elements of the regulations include: ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction in waste generated, develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate enforcing these guidelines through inter-sectorial collaboration and ensure safe disposal of chemical, industrial and hazardous waste. Waste management for the proposed project during the construction and operation phase will be in line with this regulation. The waste generated from the project site would be taken to the nearest regional waste management center. 7 . 2 . 2 6 Land use Plan Regulation Land Use Plan regulation defines the land allocation and planning regulations for inhabited islands, uninhabited islands and islands for other uses such as industrial and agricultural. This regulation was developed to maximize the use of land considering the size of the population and the development required for the island. 7 . 2 . 2 7 Borehole drilling guidelines (draft) This is a draft technical specification and guideline developed by the EPA in 2011 and has not been officially been published. However, it is used as a reference as it was mentioned in the scoping meeting with EPA The scope of the guidelines states that drilling boreholes and installation of electric pumps for source water extraction for various water supply development projects including reverse osmosis desalination. Boreholes shall be drilled at the location(s) designated by the client in consultation with Environmental Consultant and EPA. 7.3 International Conventions and Regulations 7 . 3 . 1 W H O Guidelines for drinking - water quality The fourth edition of this guideline was published in 2011 with the first addendum to the fourth edition published in 2016. The primary goal of this guideline is to protect public health associated with drinking-water quality. The general objectives of the guidelines are to:

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 provide an authoritative basis for the effective consideration of public health in setting national or regional drinking-water policies and actions;

 provide a comprehensive preventive risk management framework for health protection, from catchment to consumer, that covers policy formulation and standard setting, risk- based management approaches and surveillance;

 emphasize achievable practices and the formulation of sound regulations that are applicable to low-income, middle-income and industrialized countries alike;

 summarize the health implications associated with contaminants in drinking-water, and the role of risk assessment and risk management in disease prevention and control;

 summarize effective options for drinking-water management; and

 provide guidance on hazard identification and risk assessment.

Chapter 7 to 12 details the aspects of drinking water that helps determine its quality. These aspects are;

1. Microbial aspects

2. Chemical aspects

3. Radiological aspects

4. Acceptability aspects

The product water of the this desalination system shall be within the WHO guidelines for drinking water quality

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8 Project Description 8.1 Project proponent This project is proposed by the government of Maldives with Ministry of Environment and Energy as the Implementing Agency. Ministry of Environment and Energy is the government ministry responsible for the welfare of the environment including erosion control and environmental management. It is the agency which oversees the protection of the environment on the overall. Therefore the development of an integrated water supply system under the water and sanitation umbrella in islands falls under the Ministry of Environment and Energy. The Ministry of Environment and Energy has awarded the contract to design and develop the concept to Male’ Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC). The construction will be awarded to competent contractors through the government tendering process. 8.2 Project Location and Study Area The project takes places in the island of Felidhoo in Vaavu Atoll. The following figure illustrates the location of Felidhoo at 03°28'19"N and 73°32’49”E. It is approximately 78 km north of the capital Male’. It has an area of about 1 hectares, occupied by a population of about 658 (provided by the island council, 2018) as per the island council register.

Figure 1: Location of Felidhoo in Vaavu Atoll 8.3 Need and Justification for the project The state of water resources in the island of Felidhoo has become a matter of concern especially during the dry season. Rainwater has been the main source for drinking and potable use. Rainwater is collected using household roofs and stored in HDPE tanks. Most households have on average a 5000 litre storage tank with the exception of some having 2500 L and additional tanks. The storage quantity in each household is not adequate to last and manage during the dry period. It is estimated by the island council that every year, dry season lasts approximately four (4) months from February to May. During this time, due to lack of adequate drinking water, the council has to request assistance from the National Disaster Management Centre which provides water to public storage tanks.

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At the moment, a sewerage system is also being established in the island with individual house connections. Groundwater in the island has been contaminated heavily. Due to the foul odour and the colour of the ground water, it is unsafe for drinking and any other potable use. It is estimated that 20L/Capita/Day is being used for both drinking and cooking purposes. In the future, it is estimated that the same amount will be used (based on water usage in the existing water and sewer network laid). As adequate rainwater is not readily available in the island throughout the year, and the ground water is contaminated beyond general use, a Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant is proposed by the Ministry of Environment and Energy. The RO plant will cater the needs of the islanders and also fulfil the Government’s policy of providing safe drinking water to all Maldivians. 8.4 Scope of works The scope of works in this project constitutes the following.  Mobilization.  Site preparation.  Construction.  Testing phase.  Handing over of the project. 8.5 Description of the P r o p o s e d Water Supply S y s t e m 8 . 5 . 1 System overview The proposed method for water supply in this project is an integrated water resource approach. This system will contain a water network where houses and institutions will be provided with desalinated water. The main water supply will be desalinated water produced from RO plants. The RO water, after production will be treated and stored in storage tanks. In addition harvested and treated rain water from the institutional roofs will be collected, treated and supplied to the RO storage tanks where they will be distributed together with RO water. It is most feasible to go ahead with minimum 25% of rainwater to be imparted with 75% of RO water to achieve the efficiency and cost cut down to the system operation which has been tested in other completed system. The following diagram outlines the overview of the rainwater collection system.

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Figure 2: Stages of rainwater harvesting

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A necessary administration building including office space, laboratory, generator room, equipment store, and vehicle parking space would also be constructed at the site. The total areas allocated for the infrastructure of the systems is 875m2. The design criteria for both systems are discussed below. 8 . 5 . 2 RO W a t e r p r o d u c t i o n and Distribution s y s t e m This is the main water source constituting 75% of the overall distribution. The process begins with production of fresh water. The overall process is summarized below. 8.5.2.1 Feed Water This is the first stage of process. Feed Water for the RO plant will be pumped from a bore well. The bore well will be drilled to 30m depth and shall pump out required raw water for the RO plant. The feed water pumping capacity is designed such that one pump can supply required feed water for RO plant and the other will work as spare/standby pump. The boreholes conductivity shall reach 50,000μS/cm at 30m depth, if not it shall be drilled to reach the required conductivity. 8.5.2.2 Pre-treatment of Raw water The raw water from the bore wells will pass through a primary filtration system which consists of multimedia filter or screen filter of 50 microns and bag filter with 5 microns. The primary filtration removes dirt, dust and other sediment in raw water before being fed to RO membranes. The primary filtration system protects pressure pump and RO membranes from very fine particles. 8.5.2.3 Reverse Osmosis Filtration The pre-treated water be passed to the RO plant, where high pressure pumps will pump in pressurized water through pressure vessels with spiral wound RO membranes. Spiral wound RO membranes filters the feed water, producing 30-33 percent of fresh water and the rest as concentrated brine or reject water. The quality and quantity of permeate shall be supervised by the conductivity meter and flow meter. When the permeate water quality drops below the pre-set level, it will automatically divert to drain preventing low quality water to the storage tank. Furthermore, the plant shall be equipped with flow rate meters for feed water and permeates as well as pressure transmitter/switches shall be incorporated so that it can automatically stop the plant in case of failure of feed water (low inlet pressure) and back pressure in the permeate line (high outlet pressure). 8.5.2.4 Post treatment and Water storage The product water or permeate from the RO process is passed through a degasifier to remove the dissolved Hydrogen Sulphide. It is then pumped to the Storage Tanks by using transfer pumps. Water storage tank shall be sized so that it can store 7 days production of the RO plant. A disinfectant solution (Calcium hyper Chloride) will be dosed in to the inlet water pipeline of the storage tank. The disinfectant dozing pump system is an automatic system that can be fed with set points in order to maintain a constant level of disinfectant in the distributed water. Two RO water storage tanks would be designed as circular tanks preferably bolted steel tanks – RTP (Reinforced Thermostat Plastic) corrosive resistant tanks which is widely used in permanent water storage tanks around the world. These types of tanks are preferred over GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic) as these tanks could be erupted as SILO tanks with small foot prints and greater height, while GRP tanks would require larger foot prints and cannot be erected more than 5-6m. The RTP tanks are tested to be long lasting and are highly durable with less maintenance than that of GRP tanks.

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8.5.2.5 Distribution system Water distribution system will be designed with two pumps, one on operation and the other as standby. The pump system will be provided with variable speed drive/s to maintain a constant pressure in the water distribution network. The standby pump will run at any instant if the set pressure of the system cannot be maintained by the duty pump. 8.5.2.6 Methods of the RO plant operation The RO plant will be operated in two modes .i.e. Automatic mode and Manual mode. In the automatic mode, operator has to select the operation mode ‘Automatic’ to start up the plant. After that, the microprocessor in the control panel will take care of the whole process until it is fully started. Success operation of each process triggers the next step in the process. Therefore, failure of one process will restrict the next process, thus fails the start-up. This is a safety precaution made during the programming. In the manual mode, the operation of the whole process will have to start and stop manually. This is risky since minimal alarms and protection is active. The following protections are available in the system 1. Prevent operation of the plant with very low or no water flow to the system 2. Very High pressure to the membranes 3. Blockage/high pressure of the permeate line 4. Low quality water going in to the tanks The system will be designed and programmed to give the following alarms. Alarms LED will be ON in the control panel 1. Feed pump failure 2. Low feed pressure 3. High pressure pump failure 4. High membrane inlet pressure 5. High Permeate conductivity

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Figure 3: Process flow diagram of water production (MWSC, 2018)

8.5.2.7 Power Supply RO plants and equipment's will primarily be running from Island Power source. However a Generator set to accommodate the power requirements as a backup system with capacity to run up to 8 hours shall be established with capacity run in case of power failure from the Island Power Source 8.5.2.8 Water storage tanks Two water storage tanks that can cater for the water demand of 7 days (projected for 15 year period) is proposed to be used in the system. Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) or Reinforced Thermostat Plastic (RTP) may be preferred. These tanks shall follow the ASME International Standard RTP-1-2000. Equipment shall be corrosion resistant. For small size, tanks of HDPE material may be provided. 8.5.2.9 Water The Network consists of PE/HDPE pipes. All the pipe mains in the distribution network shall be of HDPE material and laterals shall be of PE. Pipes should conform to PN6 for working pressure and PN9 for test pressure. Butt welding or electro-fusion method would be used for jointing pipes and fittings. All the water distribution pipes are to be laid underground at a depth of 600mm below the ground level to safeguard the pipes from road traffic. Necessary Gate valves are placed to control the water if water leakages/ damages to any pipe without disrupting the whole network. In the network design minimum of 63mm PE pipes to be used. Water Network is designed as

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to cater each houses and are divided into zones (refer network diagram). PE pipes from Outer Diameter 110mm to 63mm shall be used in network design. Water Cad simulation to be used to model the network and simulated to check the pipe sizes and zones and scenarios simulated for pipe damages. Water Network is divided into zones (refer network layout) to avoid water disruption to the whole island in case of pipe damage/ leakage. Necessary Distribution Sampling Points -DSP and Fire hydrants are allocated in the network. There are also Flushing Points allocated to flush the water network for cleaning purposes. The Network designed into 3 Zones. These zonal to be provided for repair purposes as stated in EPA guideline which shall be able to repair the network pipe in case of pipe damage without disrupting/ shut down of the whole water supply network. 8.5.2.10 Household connections & water meter Each house is provided with a single connection with water meter and tap. These house connections are to be draw from the water network through E/F saddles. Minimum sizes of 18mm pipe are to be used for house connection. Water Meter Shall be Class C or D water meter of 15mm size for house connection. The meters shall follow in compliance with ISO standard 1504064-1:2014 or BSEN 14154-1:2005 or equivalent ASTM standard. 8.5.2.11 Brine disposal A Brine disposal line would be laid as shown in Figure 3. This is to dispose the reject water from RO plants. It is proposed to lay OD 160mm PE100 PN10 PE pipe. Brine outfall location has been selected to be adjacent to the RO facility Building to minimize the distance of disposal line and to reduce head loss in brine outfall.

Brine Outfall at land area shall be laid at 600mm depth and shall follow same procedure as network pipe laying procedure. Pipe laying at Lagoon area shall be with Anchor Blocks placed on the sea bed with gasket placed between the pipe and anchor block. Anchor Block size and placement distance shall be finalized in the final design report. A T-head diffuser shall be placed at the end of the brine outfall line to disperse the rejected brine.

The location of brine outfall is towards the Northern side of the island. See figure below.

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Figure 4: Location of brine outfall 8.5.2.12 Administration building A Facility Building designed to accommodate the RO plants, OF systems will be established. This building would have an Office space, Laboratory, Generator room, Equipment Storage, Workshop and vehicle parking space as required. An area of 875 m2 of land area allocated to establish necessary infrastructure of the systems. The Site used for Admin building and Tank foundations are found to be normal condition and does not have any pond which might affect the stability of the building. Detail investigation of geo-technical shall be carried out by the contractor prior proceeding with the construction works. 8 . 5 . 3 Rain water harvesting system To increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of overall operation, treated rainwater will be supplied along with the RO water. This process is explained below. It is most feasible to go ahead with minimum 25% of rainwater to be imparted with 75% of RO water to achieve the efficiency and cost cut down to the system operation which has been tested in other completed systems.

Rain water collected from roofs (of institutional and community facilities) is collected at interceptor tanks/access chambers (pits) located at institutions. Manholes/ inception chambers are to be used as interceptor tanks. This is to avoid blockages and clear any debris or leaves passing through the rain water network pipeline. Rain Water Harvesting System is based on the annual rainfall to the island. It is estimated that approximately 2000mm – 2100mm of rainfall is expected per year on average to the island. Based on the previous established integrated Water supply system, an estimated amount of 25% of rainwater shall be collected to be imparted with treated RO water. It is estimated that an average of rainfall expected per year as data records of Meteorological Center of Maldives.

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Table 1: Average rainfall for months over the past ten years (Meteorological Center of Maldives)

May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

Mean 187.5 165 192.5 172.5 252.5 242.5 245 222.5 102.5 47.5 73.9 145 rainfall (mm) Table 2: Roof areas for institutional buildings in Felidhoo (MWSC, 20118)

8.5.3.1 First Flush Mechanism First flush mechanism implies the flushing off the first water of a rain storm before it enters the storage tank as this water could be contaminated by particulates, cat/bird droppings, and other materials on the roof. Eliminating these contaminants before they enter into the storage is critical to keeping rainwater clean. This mechanism is included at downpipes of the roofs. . First flush mechanism is provided below.

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Figure 5: First flush mechanism (MWSC, 2018) The rainwater is then passed from these interceptors chamber to rain water main network. Rain water network is a gravity pipe line laid with little sloped as to pass the rain water through gravity. 8.5.3.2 Methods and operations The rain water collected at the rain water network pipes are collected at Rain water harvesting site area. All the rain water is to be collected at lift station. Lift station acts to lift the collected rain water which is collected through gravity network via pumps installed inside the lift station. The lifted rain water is then passed to the Rain water holding tanks (storage tank — prior processing rain water). These holding tank are necessary as huge amount of water will be rushing though the network and these collected rain water should be held as to collect as much as rain water during the raining event. The rainwater holding tank capacity sized as to cater 25% of total demand throughout the year into the Distribution system. The rain water stored during the raining event is then sent for processing through filtration mechanism and is filtered. 1. Micro filtration In the Treatment process RW (rain water) is first pumped from holding tank to Micro filtration process to remove suspended particles/ debris. This Micro filtration would remove particles up to 1-2 micron. 2. Ultra filtration Ultra filtration removes macromolecules from water and ideal for removing colloids, proteins, parasites, bacteria and some viruses. Ultra filtration removes molecules up to 0.02-0.04 micron. 3. UV Disinfection A UV disinfection system to be used prior passing the treated RW to storage tanks. UV disinfection removes parasites and pathogens and unaffected by pH and temperature.

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4. Chlorine disinfection Chlorine disinfection is more effective with viruses thank UV. It takes pH and temperature into consideration for its effectiveness. The Filtered processed water is then disinfected and transferred to RO storage water tanks. These treated water from storage tanks are then again disinfected prior sending to distribution water network. Figure 6 shows the filter processes and the types of contaminants it can remove as well as the disinfection technologies. 8.5.3.3 Rain Water Holding Tank Rain water Storage Tanks would be designed as circular tanks preferably RTP: Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic -RTP Tanks - RTP tanks which is widely used in permanent water storage tanks around the world. These type of tanks are preferred than GRP storage tanks as these tanks could be erected as SILO tanks with small foot prints and greater height, while GRP tanks would require larger foot prints and could not be erected more than 5-6 meters. The RTP tanks are tested to be long lasting and higher durability and less maintenance than that of GRP tanks. The FRP-RTP tanks shall follow ASME International Standard RTP-1-2000 "Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Corrosion Resistant Equipment. It is proposed to install 2 Nos. of 200m3 Rain water holding tanks for maintenance purposes. Total capacity shall be 400m3. Rain water holding tank capacity is sized to cater 25% of the total demand throughout the year. The maximum amount of rain water required to be treated (25% of the total demand) is 403m3. This value is calculated from the 15 year predictions for RO plant and water storage calculations.

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Figure 6: Disinfection technologies, filter processes and the types of contaminants it can remove

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8.6 Existing Power Infrastructure V.Felidhoo has electricity for 24 hours generated from the powerhouse. The powerhouse has three generators to power the island with a total Power Generation capacity of 510 KW. During peak hours amount of energy consumed is 210KW. It is assumed that no upgrades to the power infrastructure will be required due to the new system in the future. 8.7 Project management The project will be managed by Ministry of Environment and Energy by way of subcontracting of the civil works to a contractor. The contractor will provide a daily work schedule for the project and will be responsible from hiring labourers and civil works. The client will provide the materials for the project through STO. 8.8 P roject Inputs and Outputs 8 . 8 . 1 Project Inputs Table 3: Table of major inputs during construction Input resource(s) Source/ Type How to obtain resources Construction phase 10 to 15 Construction Maldivians +foreign Contractor’s responsibility workers labours Construction materials uPVC pipes, reinforcement Import and purchase where locally steel bars, sand, cement, available at competitive prices – aggregates, etc. Contractor’s responsibility. Water supply (during Rainwater from the island From the island. construction) and bottle water when required to be purchased from the island or supply from Male’. Heavy machinery Heavy machinery such as Contractor’s responsibility excavators, lorries, dumpers, concrete batching plants and other machines utilized for construction purposes will be locally available. Fuel Fuel required for the project such as petrol and diesel. Electricity/Energy Electricity from the island’s Diesel-based electricity from island mains (during construction) main power grid. Operational phase Operational Staff. 3 to 4 Locals Advertise in local papers or obtain local staff trained by through island office contractor and working in shifts. Training to be provided by the contractor. Electricity STELCO

Saltwater Borehole

Rain water Institutional roofs Rainwater harvesting

Diesel Responsibility of the operators

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8 . 8 . 2 Project Outputs The type of outputs (products and waste streams) and what is expected to happen to them are given in the following table. Table 4: Table of major outputs of environmental significance during construction and operational stage Products and waste Anticipated quantities Method of disposal materials Construction Phase

Constructional waste Small quantities Reused and sent to landfill (either to Vandhoo island or to Thilafushi). Alternatively with approval from the council, the waste can be managed in the island itself. Noise Localized to the project Unavoidable during the construction site including the stage but will be minimized. Noise will surrounding areas. This is not be a nuisance as manual labour will unavoidable. be used without the need for any heavy machinery. Air pollution Limited quantities of dust, Mainly arising as a result of emission oxides of Nitrogen and from the construction work such as from sulphur from use of excavation of trenches to replace the machinery in the existing catch pits, septic tanks and construction zone. pipes. Drilling bentonite Moderate quantities Considered as construction waste and either reused and sent to landfill (either to Vandhoo island or to Thilafushi). Alternatively with approval from the council, the waste can be managed in the island itself. Operational Phase Brine reject Large amount Disposed into the sea or harbor through marine outfall pipe Waste oil from Minute quantities Re-used for other application machinery Air pollutants, GHGs Moderate quantities from At global scale, insignificant. the operation of the RO plant

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9 Methodology This section outlines the methodologies used in this environmental assessment. The following table outlines a matrix of methodologies used in this project. Details of these methodologies and their descriptions are attached as an annex.

Methodology type Area / environmental aspect Used in this project (yes/no)

General methodologies of data Generally covering the Yes collection broader Environment Mapping and location identification Coastal, terrestrial and marine Yes environment. Marine Environmental survey Marine environment Yes

20 m Line Intercept transect (LIT), Marine environment Yes Reef Check 50 m photo quadrate analysis Marine environment No

Qualitative assessment of the reef Marine environment Yes Permanent photo quadrate Marine environment No Ref fish visual census Marine environment Yes

Marine Water Quality Marine environment Yes Coastal Environment Coastal Environment Yes Shoreline and vegetation line Coastal Environment No mapping Coastal structures mapping Coastal Environment No

Erosion and accretion areas Coastal Environment No mapping Beach profiles Coastal Environment No

Drogues and current Coastal Environment Yes Terrestrial floral survey Terrestrial environment No Terrestrial faunal survey Terrestrial environment No Groundwater assessment Terrestrial environment Yes Bathymetry Marine / Coastal Environment Yes Aerial Photos Generally covering the Yes broader Environment Long term weather data Generally covering the Yes broader Environment

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10 Existing Environment of Maldives 1 0 . 1 Existing general environment of Maldives The general environmental conditions of Maldives are well documented in many EIA reports and reference is made on the following EIA reports.  EIA for the development of sewerage system in Nilandhoo, Faafu Atoll (Water Solutions Pvt Ltd, 2006).  EIA for the development of a resort in Kalhufahalafushi island in Thaa Atoll (Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, 2006).  EIA for the development of a resort in Vagaru island in Haa Alifu Atoll (Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd; 2006). 1 0 . 2 Existing Marine Environment The marine environmental survey at Felidhoo island was focused on three sites as indicated in the following diagramme.

Figure 7: Marine Survey Locations Site selection for the marine survey was based on the location where the sea outfall is proposed and an alternative locations as control sites to compare. 1 0 . 3 Methodology of marine surveys To assess the benthic composition of the survey site, an LIT transect of 20 meters were undertaken. The benthic categorization was focused on categorizing life forms followed under the Reef Check protocol, which emphasises on benthic composition categorizing such as hard corals, sand, rock and others. The emphasis is not on recording corals to their species levels, but rather the general coral and other life forms such as hard and soft corals. This method is more accurate as the percentage of healthy coral cover and other life forms can be more accurately recorded even by a non-experienced surveyor. Recording corals to their species levels will pose difficulty if the surveyor is not familiar with the different coral types. This method is universally used throughout the world by Reef Check surveyors and hence it has been used.

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This LIT method was also complimented by qualitative methods, such as visual observations and through the use of photos. Fish counts were also undertaken to get a snapshot of the fish population. Details of these methodologies are discussed in the methodology section. The following are definition of benthic categories used in this survey.  HC: All living coral including bleached coral; includes fire, blue and organ pipe corals  SC: Include zoanthids but not anemones (OT)  RKC: Coral that has died within the past year; appears fresh and white or with corallite structures still recognizable  NIA: All macro-algae except coralline, calcareous and turf (record the substrate beneath for these); Halimeda is recorded as OT; turf is shorter than 3cm.  SP: All erect and encrusting sponges (but no tunicates).  RC: Any hard substrate; includes dead coral more than 1 yr old and may be covered by turf or encrusting coralline algae, barnacles, etc.  RB: Reef rocks between 0.5 and 15cm in diameter  SD: Sediment less than 0.5cm in diameter; in water, falls quickly to the bottom when dropped.  SI: Sediment that remains in suspension if disturbed; recorded if color of the underlying surface is obscured by silt.  OT: Any other sessile organism including sea anemones, tunicates, gorgonians or non- living substrate.  SG: All types of sea grass observed categorized in the field SG.

General impression and quantitative results of the sites surveyed are described in the following pages. The diagrammes in the following pages illustrates the marine survey locations as well as reef status, their GPS coordinates are outlines below. 1 0 . 4 C o r a l r e e f Three sites were surveyed to assess the marine environment as baseline for reef benthic community. One site is from the east side from where the outfall is proposed to be laid.

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1 0 . 4 . 1 Benthic composition at site 1 (M1) Site 1 was selected from north side of the island reef. This area is selected as the outfall location. Out of the surveys sites, the site contains the lowest percentage coral cover (6%). Benthos of this area is dominated by rock. Massive corals dominate the live coral cover of the area. Reef fishes such as Damsel Fish, Surgeon Fish, Fusiliers and Wrasses were observed to be abundant in site 1. The following graph outlines the status of site 1.

Figure 8: Percentage benthic composition at site 1 (M1) (18 March 2018)

Figure 9: Photos taken from site 1 (M1) (18 March 2018)

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1 0 . 4 . 2 Benthic composition at site 2 (M2) Site 2 was selected from north side of the island reef east of site 1. Out of the surveys sites, the site contains the highest percentage coral cover (16%). Benthos of this area is dominated by rock. Massive corals dominate the live coral cover of the area. Reef fishes such as Damsel Fish, Surgeon Fish, Fusiliers and Wrasses were observed to be abundant in site 2 similarly to site 1. The following graph outlines the status of site 2.

Figure 10: Percentage benthic composition at site 2 (M2) (18 March 2018)

Figure 11: Photos taken from site 2 (M2) (18 March 2018)

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1 0 . 4 . 3 Benthic composition at site 3 (M3) Site 3 is on the Southeast side of the island reef. This area is selected as a control site. Benthic substrate of this area is dominated by rock. Hard coral cover was similar to site 2. Live corals in this area is dominated by Massive corals. Reef fishes such as Damsel Fish and Surgeon Fish, were observed to be abundant in site 3. The following graph outlines the status of site 3.

Figure 12: Percentage benthic composition at site 3(M3) (18 March 2018)

Figure 13: Photos taken from site 3 (18 March 2018) 1 0 . 5 Status of fish abundance The amount and type of fish present at a given site can be a good indicator of the marine environment. For example, increased grazers are generally a sign of increased nutrients in the area, thus decreased coral cover and increased algal cover. The following table outlines the fish count survey at all the sites.

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Table 5: Fish abundance based on the fish survey at survey sites (18 March 2018) Family/Subfamily Site M1 Site M2 Site M3 Anthias(Anthiadinae) R R - Butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) C C C Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) A A A Rudder Fish (Kyphosidae) R - R Moorish idol (Zanclidae) - - - Parrotfishes (Scaridae) C C C Snappers (Lutjanidae) - - R Rabbitfishes(Siganidae) - R - Squirrelfishes and Soilderfishes R R R (Holocentridae) Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) A A A Fusiliers (Caesionidae) A A - Groupers (Serranidae) R R - Triggerfishes (Balistidae) C C C Emperors (Lethrinidae) R - R Pufferfishes(Tetraodontidae) R - - Wrasses (Labridae) A A C Jacks (Carangidae) - - - Turtle - - - Shark - - - Ray - - -

A= Abundant (Meaning that during the 15 minute time swim survey, species counts were recorded more than 50, hence it is difficult to count their numbers). C=Common (Meaning that during the 15 minute time swim survey, they were spotted occasionally and throughout the survey, but their numbers were less than 50). R=Rare (Meaning that during the survey, only few of these species were observed, often 1 or 2.

1 0 . 6 Marine water quality and bathymetry The primary objective of the marine water quality sampling was to determine the baseline conditions of the marine water in the project site. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were made on seawater from one location. The bathymetry of the lagoon (along the sea outfall route) is attached as an annex. The following table illustrates the result of the marine water quality test. Table 6: Results of the marine water quality tests undertaken in Felidhoo Island Water Quality Site SW1 Physical appearance Clear Nitrate (mg/L) 8.3 Temperature C 24.5 Salinity (PPT) 33.57 pH 8.13

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1 0 . 7 Existing Terrestrial Environment 1 0 . 7 . 1 Section Brief Terrestrial vegetation of Felidhoo was studied using the two methods described below. The objective of the survey was to assess the existing island vegetation and assess whether specific key activities of the project such as construction of the main line or Water Treatment Plant construction would require clearing of any vegetation. 1- High definition low aerial photography to assess the vegetation and the island as a whole from above. Particular focus was given to areas where the network will pass through but are not cleared of vegetation.

2- Ground truthing of the island and by undertaking a visual inspection of the areas where the proposed Water treatment plant is constructed. The objective of the terrestrial assessment was to identify whether any vegetation clearance would be required to construct the water treatment plant or while laying the pipe line.

3- Testing the ground water quality both quantitatively and qualitatively.

The water pipes will be laid on existing roads and will require cutting of some trees in areas where the roads are not cleared, but where water main lines will run. These areas are presently unused land with vegetation, but the network design has been designed with the provision of allocating water lines in this area as house plots have been allocated. Only the trees that fall in the foot print of the proposed roads will be cleared and removed. Coconut and other mature trees in these areas will be removed and compensation for the coconut trees will be given by the Island Council to the owners. Hence, a map showing the areas where clearance is required are highlighted below. The following table outlines the details of the trees to be removed and this area is highlighted in the following diagramme. Details of the trees to be removed to clear the roads in the proposed area where presently no roads are constructed. Table 7: Types and number of trees to be removed Type of trees Number of trees Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera) 55 (Compensation will be given to the owners by the Island Council. Hirudhu 4 Banyan tree (Ficus benghalenis L) 1 Nit pitcha (Guettarda speciosa L) 1 Sea trumpet (Cordia subcordata Lam) 1 Sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) 2 Midhili (Terminalia catappa) 5 Area for trees to be removed are located in the land allocated for the water treatment plant and the administrative building. The following diagram indicates this area. 1 0 . 7 . 2 Ground water Groundwater quality was assessed by taking samples from a groundwater well. The household wells were visually inspected, and samples were tested for electrical conductivity. The water quality results for the sampled wells for each are tabulated in the following table. The minimum true groundwater salinity recorded on Felidhoo was 1076 µS/cm. It is assumed that freshwater can be defined by a maximum limit of 2500 µS/cm. WHO guidelines suggest a maximum Chloride content of 250 mg/l for potable uses which equates to a salinity of approximately 1,500 µS/cm. However experience in other small island states (Falkland, 2000) confirms whilst this is desirable, a more real,istic limit is 2,500 µS/cm. Using

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this definition, some if the wells in Felidhoo was found to have water too salty to be considered Freshwater. The results are illustrated below. Table 8: Results of the groundwater quality in Felidhoo island, Vaavu Atoll (March 2018). Parameters GW1 (WTP) GW2 GW3 Physical appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles Pale yellow with particles Electrical Conductivity 1076 4110 1591 (µS/cm) o Salinity ( /oo) 0.53 2.18 0.80 pH 7.30 7.56 7.59 Temperature (oC) 24.3 24.3 24.1 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 5.68 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 6 Faecal Coliform 0 (MPN/100ml)

The following diagramme illustrates the ground water sampling locations in Felidhoo Island.

Figure 14: Groundwater sampling locations in Felidhoo Island.

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1 0 . 8 Existing Socio - Economic Environment 1 0 . 8 . 1 Overview of V a a v u a t o l l Felidhe atoll, more commonly known as Vaavu atoll is located at the centre of the double chained archipelago of Maldives. Of the 20 administrative atolls, Vaavu atoll encompasses the two geographical atolls Felidhe atoll and Vattaru. Vaavu atoll is the least populated atoll in the Maldives with a population of 1,567 residents (Census, 2014). The atoll also has the smallest islands in the country. The atoll capital of Vaavu atoll, Felidhoo Island is also the largest island, measuring up to 14.7 Ha. The atoll has a total of 5 inhabited islands and 2 resorts. One of these five inhabited islands, Rakeedhoo is the smallest inhabited island in the country with an area of only 6.3Ha. 1 0 . 8 . 2 P o p u l a t i o n The following table outlines the population of Vaavu atoll as per the 2014 census. Table 9: Population of the islands in Vaavu Atoll (Census, 2014)

Population of Island (Including resident Administrative foreigners), Census, 2014 Islands Total Male Female

Fulidhoo 327 219 153

Thinadhoo 152 128 24

Felidhoo 506 269 237

Keyodhoo 675 366 309

Rakeedhoo 106 70 36

1 0 . 8 . 3 F e l i d h o o I s l a n d The project takes place in the Island of Felidhoo in Vaavu atoll. Felidhoo is the largest island in the atoll with an area of 14.7 Ha and has a population of 660 at present (Felidhoo Island Council, 2018). 10.8.3.1 Electricity Round-the-clock electricity is available in the island by 3 diesel generators with a total output of 510KW provided by STELCO. 10.8.3.2 Health Vaavu atoll hospital located in Felidhoo has 6 doctors to diagnose and prescribe pharmaceutical drug for common ailments. 10.8.3.3 Water and sanitation The current sewerage facility in Felidhoo is based on gravity sewerage system. However due to the poor maintenance and damage to septic tanks before the gravity system was constructed, unsanitary conditions may have led to the contamination of groundwater in the island. Consequently, this may compromise the use of groundwater for daily usage by the residents of the island. Presently, ground water is not used for potable use.

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11 Environmental Impacts 1 1 . 1 Assessing and identification of I m p a c t Environmental Impact identification has been undertaken by considering the proposed activities and examining the level of impact the proposed development will have on the environment. Each activity was then examined in detail to identify the construction methods, technology and other factors that would determine the potential impact of the various activities. The following two methods were used to identify the impacts of this project.  Impact Identification Matrix (refer to the matrix)  Expert judgment. This method relied on experience gained from similar projects in Maldives. 1 1 . 2 Impact identification matrix This matrix was designed to help provide an assessment and screening of the potential environmental impacts of this project. The matrix considered 17 potential environmental factors. Indicators are listed for each factor and these are used as a weighing scale. The project components are then assessed against each factor, scoring them on a scale of 1 to 10. This tool was thus utilized to help provide an assessment and screening of the potential environmental impacts of this project. The matrix will identify the impact types. Once the impact types are determined, the matrix is then used to assess the impact significance together with the network diagramme and expert judgment. This matrix contains:  An impact assessment matrix which lists all of the 17 environmental factors and allows, for each one, to provide a score (1-10) and any additional comments. Each factor considers several sub categories (not indicated in the following matrix), depending on the project type and a total score is derived by averaging the individual scores.  A summary of scores for each factors and the impact type, negative, positive or neutral. All types of projects that are listed in the EIA Regulation of 2012 can be assessed using this tool. The following table outlines the impact assessment matrix and the scores for the 17 categories derived for this project.

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Table 10: Impact assessment matrix for the project Impacts Total score Negative Neutral Positive (1-3) (4 -7) (8 -10) Air pollution 5.00 x Waste 5.00 x Water pollution * 8.00 x Water pollution ** 3.00 x Noise/Vibration 5.00 x Amenity 8.00 x Ground water 8.00 x conservation Energy 4.00 x Energy efficiency 4.00 x Access to quality green 5.00 x space Flooding 5.00 x Transport 5.00 x Biodiversity 1.00 x Local environmental 3.00 x quality Resource depletion 5.40 x Health gain 8.00 x Employment 5.00 x Socio-economic 8.00 x implications Scale Score 1-3, Negative Environmental Impact Scale Score 4-7; Neutral Environmental Impact Scale Score 8-10; Positive Environmental Impact Note: * Bacteriological water quality; ** Salinity of water quality.

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1 1 . 3 Magnitude of impacts Environmental impacts of the proposed work have been examined through the above mentioned three processes and the results are outlined in the following pages. By using the impact assessment matrix as a tool, the magnitude of the impacts can be assessed as outlined in the following table. Table 11: Impact magnitudes and their corresponding scores Scores based on the impact assessment matrix < Negative Impacts > < Neutral Impacts > < Positive Impacts >* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Magnitude Major 2, Minor 4 &5 Minor, 6 & 7 Good Very Excellent of adverse adverse Negligible good impacts. 3, Moderate adverse

This EIA identifies and quantifies the significance of impacts on the environment from the proposed project. Impacts on the environment were identified and described according to their location/attribute, extent (magnitude) and characteristics (such as short-term or long term, direct or indirect, reversible or irreversible) and assessed in terms of their significance according to the following categories:  Negligible – the impact is too small to be of any significance;  Minor– the impact is minor;  Minor adverse – the impact is undesirable but accepted;  Moderate adverse – the impact give rise to some concern but is likely to be tolerable in short-term (e.g. construction phase) or will require a value judgment as to its acceptability;  Major adverse – the impact is large scale giving rise to great concern; it should be considered unacceptable and requires significant change or halting of the project.  Positive – the impact is likely to bring a positive change in the sense that it is aimed at further minimizing the impacts as a result of the proposed actions. 1 1 . 4 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. There is also limited data and information regarding some sites under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. However, the level of uncertainty, in the case of this project is expected to be low to high as this project does not require significant urban environmental modifications. The reef area proposed for the construction of the deep sea outfall was not considered to be a high sensitive area as the percentage of coral cover is generally low. As a result, extensive damage to the marine environment during this construction period is not expected to occur. During the construction period, within a certain area where vegetation is not cleared, all the mature trees need to be cut and roots removed to start the construction works. Removal and cutting of very limited mature trees including coconuts will only alter the urban environment in the vicinity of the treatment plant. The following tables outlines the impacts and mitigation measures proposed as well as the matrix of impacts and their characterization. Reference to the matrix was derived from (Hoepner, 1999).

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1 1 . 5 Impacts and mitigation measures Activity / Stage Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Construction period Impacts on the terrestrial environment from civil works The impact from civil works in the construction phase will have the direct, short-term impacts and long-term impacts on the islands terrestrial environment. The impact on the terrestrial environment will result from the following activities. Removal of At present, there are mature coconut and other large All trees to be removed from the mature trees. trees present in an area of the island where the water proposed road pathways, including treatment plant facility and administrative building their roots to be cleared and properly area dug out.

All trees that can be transplanted to be transplanted elsewhere in the island. Groundwater Impacts on the groundwater due to excavation of Ensure that dewatering during the Included in the trenches. During the construction stage, excavation excavation for trenches and other contract. The will occur to lay the networks.. Hence, the project construction works is done as per EPA contractor will be anticipates dewatering of groundwater for laying of guidelines and methods of dewatering. required to do the the network. Dewatering will exacerbate the ground Ensure that no leaks and accidental dewatering, hence all water quality and increased the chance of salt spillages of oil occur from vehicles and associated costs of intrusion, accidental or construction related leaks of that they are maintained adequately. pumps, labor and other chemicals and oils in to the ground and the Nominate a site manager, to be work are to be included possibility of salt intrusion triggered by responsible for good site practices, in the contract. disturbances that may be caused due to excavation arrangements for collection and works and dewatering. effective disposal to an appropriate facility, of all wastes generated at the Dewatering would be done according to the EPA site during construction stage. guidelines. Training of site personnel in proper waste management procedures and general environmental care.

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Activity / Stage Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Dewatering to be done in to the island to prevent wastage of fresh water from the island system.

Groundwater There is the likelihood of groundwater becoming Limiting dewatering only to the Criteria and guidelines saline if excess water is extracted, especially from required amount. for dewatering methods sensitive areas such as around the periphery of the Ensuring that the pipe laying works are will be included in the island or from areas where water table is very undertaken within the minimum time contract period. shallow. period. Strategically phasing the pipe laying works, so that dewatering will be done in limited amounts. Solid waste Accumulation of solid waste during the Appropriate waste handling, Direct cost difficult, construction stage is a potential hazard that is transportation and disposal methods for but contractor to always inevitable during the construction stage. all waste generated during the manage the waste in Solid waste will be generated as they will result construction works should be consultation with the from construction activities. The excavated implemented to ensure that island. Cost included in material is anticipated to consist mainly of waste construction wastes do not pollute the the contract. pvc pipes, empty cement bags, wood pieces and environment. Excavated sand must be Cost of 1 trip to small quantities of sand. In view of the scale and filled to trenches and all construction Thilafushi island from nature of the land-based construction works, the waste to be collected at the waste Felidhoo is expected to volume of construction and debris and excavated management area of the island.Waste be Mrf 35000. materials requiring off-site disposal to public filling should be disposed to Either Vandhoo areas or any other location is anticipated to be island or Thilafushi at the end of the minimal. construction period. Alternatively it may also be managed in the island with The materials excavated will be used to fill the assistance and approval from the Island trenches. This will eliminate the potential of this Council if permission is granted. waste from being introduced in to the marine waters All left over pipes, manhole covers, during which they will pollute the marine cement and other materials that can be environment. It is not anticipated that adverse waste reused should be taken back by the management related impacts would arise, provided contractor at the end of the project. that good site practices are strictly followed.

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Activity / Stage Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Noise Noise generated during construction will not be an Elimination of noise may not be totally Work protocols will be issue as the construction process will not generate achieved, as construction takes place outlined in the contract high noise throughout the life cycle. However, there within the island. Network pipes will be document will be noise generated to some extent, which laid on existing roads and pathways and cannot be avoided at all. during most times in close proximity to the general public. Despite being temporary, all construction activities that generate noise will be carefully supervised by project supervisors to ensure they cause minimal noise. Work will be minimized at night as much as possible to avoid disruption to the community. Construction of Excavation of the trench for laying of the sea outfall Sea outfall construction will be Mitigation measures the marine pipe will cause sedimentation during the contracted to an experienced contractor reflect mostly work outfall. construction process that will create negative who have undertaken similar methods and impacts on the coral reef as well as any live corals construction works. procedures. Hence, the in the lagoon. Use qualified divers during the outfall contractor is to include construction to minimize unnecessary this in the contract Direct destruction of live corals along the pipe damage. document. pathway will be destroyed; especially corals at the Ensure that outfall construction period reef crest and reef slope areas will be impacted is limited as much as possible. heavily during the construction of the sea outfall. Marking the perimeter of the work area to ensure that workers don't damage unnecessary areas. If possible, transplant significant live corals colonies that can be rescued to another area of the reef. Use manual methods, rather than using excavators to lay and join the pipe. Create awareness and brief the workforce on how to minimize impacts on corals.

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Activity / Stage Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Minimize sedimentation and siltation on reef by using silt screens or other appropriate methods and materials such as sand bags. Work during low tide as much as possible. Complete the work in shortest time period. Do regular inspection to ensure that work is followed and that no unnecessary damage is done to the reef. Operational period

Impacts on the terrestrial environment Energy use and Contribution of greenhouse gases through the Greenhouse gas emissions can be Cost reductions air quality emissions of gases from the resulting increase in reduced by reducing or maintaining the methods will need to be power consumption. The increased energy demand operation more efficiently. This can be followed during the for the operation of desalination plant will achieved through regular monitoring of operation period. contribute to CO2 emissions. This impact is waste water discharge to understand the considered as an indirect impact, minor and peak demand periods both during the cumulative, although it is expected that its day and during the. Automatic detectors operations would contribute very little towards the will be controlling the pumps so that national emissions of greenhouse gases. they run intermittently when required. Operation and Lack of maintenance of treatment facility can be a The client should ensure that financial maintenance major hazard to the environment. Proper provisions to operate and manage the maintenance is required to ensure that the plant is system is made available to operate and maintained without creating and environmental maintain. In addition, environmental risk. monitoring components should be implemented to ensure that the system is performing as planned. Noise Noise from operation of the pumps and will lead to Mitigation measures shall include: adverse impacts on the surrounding areas. noise enclosures or buffers. Impacts on the marine environment

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Activity / Stage Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Marine Impacts from disposing the wastewater will have Regular water quality from end of the environment some negative consequences to the coral reef and outfall location to assess the water the surrounding environment. quality changes in the marine environment. The waste effluent or brine has no chemical or thermal pollution, but the salt concentration is very high, making it denser than seawater and thus increasing the risk of negative effects on stenohaline benthic ecosystems. Marine water Marine water quality is not likely to be impacted The wastewater from the island will be quality significantly as brine will be disposed to the deep discharged into the sea. The location of sea beyond the reef. Considering the large dilution the existing outfall is ideal for potential in brine will be dispersed and diluted, maximum dispersion and dilution. though one might assume long term impact, but not with huge impacts on the marine biota. Impacts on the socio-economic environment public health The availability of safer drinking water will improve the health and wellbeing of the community.

Operation of the facility will open employment opportunities for the community

Operation of the pumps and treatment plants will produce air pollutants that may affect the air quality especially in the vicinity of the project site.

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1 1 . 6 Impacts on the Environment and their mitigation measures The following table outlines the matrix of specific impacts and their characterizations. Table 12: Matrix of specific impacts and their characterization

Impact indicator

Impact type (NEG or POS) + POS) or (NEG type Impact (H/M/L)* Significant Direct Indirect Magnitude (N/M/MA/MoA/MaA) term Short Long term Unavoidable Reversible Irreversible Cumulative Required Mitigation

Environmental impacts during construction phase Loss of flora (only from the proposed new roads) Neg M x MoA x x x x x Transportation and Storage of Construction Materials Neg L x N x x x x Management of Construction Debris / green waste Neg L x N x x x x Ground Water pollution Neg L x M x x x Injuries and accidents Neg L x M x x x x Poor quality work Neg M x M x x x x Increase income to the contractors POS H x x x x x

Environmental impacts during operational phase

Noise Neg L x N x x x Energy Consumption Neg H x M x x x x Air Quality Neg L x N x x x x Groundwater (Salinity) Neg L x N x x Broader environment Neg L x M x x x x Marine Resource Neg L X M X X X X Solid waste / green waste Neg H x N x x x

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Impact indicator

Impact type (NEG or POS) + POS) or (NEG type Impact (H/M/L)* Significant Direct Indirect Magnitude (N/M/MA/MoA/MaA) term Short Long term Unavoidable Reversible Irreversible Cumulative Required Mitigation Increased temperature of the urban environment Neg H x x MoA x x x x x Economic impacts Health and well being POS H x x x x x x Increase the value of the island and community POS H x x x x x x Propagation and development of complementary businesses POS H x x x x x x + POS = positive impacts, NEG= negative impacts * H=high, M=Moderate, L=Low # N=Negligible, M=Minor, MA=Minor Adverse; MoA= Moderate adverse; MaA=Major Adverse

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12 Stakeholder Consultations 1 2 . 1 Environment Protection Agency - EPA During the scoping meeting, consultations were held with a number of stakeholders. EPA was the lead government agency from which advice and consultation was sort. During the scoping meeting, discussions were centres around the implementation of the project. The major issues discussed in the scoping meeting area as follows. The scoping meeting was held on 06th March 2018 at 11 AM. The following points were noted: - Alternative sea outfall locations should be identified. - EPA highlighted that STELCO should be consulted. - Socio economic environment of the report should include the future expansions of housing plots and information obtained from island council. - Design of the project need to take into account the future expansions of the island. - During the scoping meeting island council president Mr. Ali Ismail Ibrahim highlighted that they want to change the location of water treatment plant location. - Mr. Ali Ismail Ibrahim noted that the proposed location for water treatment plant is next to waste management facility, it is this reason that they wish change the location, - Assistant Environment Officer Mr. Hussain Ibrahim noted that it is important to extend the brine outfall pipe to the edge of the reef since the land area in Felidhoo is almost full, a reclamation project might come in a near future.

1 2 . 2 Consultation with the Ministry of Environmen t a n d E n e r g y (MEE) A meeting was undertaken with Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEE) regarding the project on 8st April 2018 at MEE office at 10:00 AM. During the meeting, discussions were based around the Felidhoo Project and the following is the summary of the meetings. - The project will be awarded through open bidding but will follow a new model of contracting whereby the client, MEE will provide the materials to the contractor through STO. - According to MEE, once the project is completed, it will be handed to STELCO for managing. - According to MEE the location of water treatment plant has been changed to north side of the Island, near proposed STELCO building area. - All the issues raised by the island council meeting were shared with the MEE, and they have assured that those problems will not occur during construction of water services, - A contracting company has not been chosen yet.

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1 2 . 3 Consultation with the public Selected members of the public were consulted during the data collection process to obtain their views and feedback on the proposed system. Following are the summary of major outcomes from these discussions. - Most of the people are aware of the project, they have highlighted that the council has been giving basic information about the project without much detail. - It is noted that the groundwater in almost all parts of the island are not suitable for usage, and most of the households use oxygen pumps to purify the water. - They have highlighted that since the sewerage project, groundwater is more saline, and this is because high amount of water is passed into the ocean through outfall pipe. - Members also noted that they had many difficulties because the groundwater is too contaminated to use for daily uses - They have also noted that in every island a sewerage and water project should start together.

1 2 . 4 Consultation with the Island Council a n d S T E L C O As per the ToR, a stakeholder meeting was undertaken with Felidhoo Island Council regarding the project on 18th March 2018 at Felidhoo Island Council meeting room at 11 AM. Below are the main discussion points of the meeting.  The council noted that MWSC didn’t provide enough information during Sewerage project, they don’t want this to happen this time,  Sewerage project came into action in 2008,  The Island council highlighted that a lot of groundwater is pumping into the ocean through sewerage outfall pipe, this is one of the reason that the groundwater is contaminating,  During scoping council highlighted that they want to change the water treatment plant location,  Mr. Ali Ismail Ibrahim, said that they have identified two locations, one location is on North side of the Island, near the new proposed STELCO building,  It is found that this location is most desired by Island council  The land use plan used by the MWSC was not the latest version,  Currently 3 generator, with a total capacity of 510KW is being used to provide power to the whole Island.  During peak hours, the highest amount used is 210KW,  It is proposed to get a generator with a capacity of 180 KW this year,  They have also highlighted that pipe lines laid by island community were not decommissioned during the sewerage project

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1 2 . 5 List of people consulted Table 13: List of people consulted Name Title Organization/Address Contact info. Ali Ismail Ibrahim Council President Felidhoo Island Council 9191933 Ali Naeem Council Member Felidhoo Island Council 7765689 Ismail Sameer A. Director Felidhoo Island Council 7710469 Hassan Ali Manager Vaavu Atoll Hospital 7411821 Ahmed Ali - Vaavu Atoll Education 7999418 Centre Mohamed Shaafiu - STELCO Felidhoo Branch 7953999 Abdhul Rauf Resident Blindoaf Garden - Shaanaaz Ali Resident Herethere - Waheed Afzal Hussain Assistant Director MEE (water and sanitation) Aishath Shafiyya Project officer MEE (water and sanitation)

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13 Alternatives This section looks at alternative ways of undertaking the proposed project. There are two basic options: (1) leave the problem as it is (no project option), or (2) take measures to resolve the problem (undertake the project option). If the project were to continue, it would be necessary to take economic, ecological and environmental aspects of the project into consideration and ensure that these concerns exist within a delicate balance. Neither the economic benefits nor the environmental and ecological concerns can be avoided. Therefore, it is important to consider all options and ensure that the best available option(s) is chosen to solve the issues/problems. A single activity can bear effects on a considerable number of key components determining a range of closely interconnected impacts. The relative importance of each of these beneficial and detrimental impacts has to be evaluated in the context of a set of alternative options. The effectiveness of an EIA process depends on the successful identification of these alternatives. We can then aim at minimising negative impacts and maximising positive ones acting on specific activities through selection of best alternative options and / or mitigation measures. 1 3 . 1 No Project Option It should be noted that the “no project” option cannot be excluded without proper evaluation. Direct benefits from the project implementation include establishment of an appropriate water supply system that will benefit the community in many ways. The project will improve the environmental value of the island, have economic benefits and promote sustainable development. Without this project the community of the island may have periods of water shortages. The water for non-potable usage has also found to be saline and contaminate after the operation began for the sewerage system. Therefore the no-project option is no preferable as this project brings necessary development to the community. The main advantages and disadvantages of these are given in the following table. Table 14: Advantages and disadvantages of the no project option Strategy Advantages Disadvantages Continue with ‘no Environmental No upgrading means that the community project’ option problems related to will continue to suffer with the worsening upgrading can be of the groundwater. avoided. Community will face water shortages No upgrading costs to during the dry period. the proponent and hence there is a short term benefit.

1 3 . 2 Alternative analysis matrix For this project, an alternative analysis was carried out on the basis of various biophysical and socioeconomic parameters including the following using an analysis matrix:  Technical feasibility,  Economic viability and  Environmental acceptability of the project and  Social benefits

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Based on the above four factors, an alternative analysis matrix was developed with scores given for each factor from 1 to 5. This analysis provides information about the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative considered with regard to its technical, economic and environmental factors. The purpose of this matrix is to obtain a favourable implementation of alternatives proposed by considering alternatives in terms of site selection, design and operational methods, the project scale and timing of project. The total for all factors gives an overall score for a given alternative. The highest total score provides the most desirable and preferred alternatives and vice versa. 1 3 . 3 Alternative source water extraction The proposed method for source water extraction for the desalination plant is mainly from borehole drilling. Another alternative for this source would be extracting sea water from the lagoon. This method will involve laying pipes beyond the reef edge and working on the reef areas including possible dredging or use of machinery. The water extracted from the lagoon will have more contaminants than feedwater from a brackish water from borehole. Therefore, the amount of energy consumed for desalination process and membrane filtering will increase significantly. Using the brackish water instead of the lagoon water will reduce the fuel cost and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, using seawater will also reduce the lifetime of the membranes rather than brackish water from the boreholes. Ground water can be extracted from the freshwater lens using pumps. This option is disregarded as contamination and saline intrusion to the ground water lens is very likely.. 1 3 . 4 Alternative to Integrated Water Resource Approach The proposed methods incorporates a rainwater harvesting with water from borehole drilling in the desalination plant. An alternative method would be to only use brackish water from the borehole drilling. The cost of this system is cheaper as the requirement of energy is less. For the proposed system, it is estimated that a minimum of 25% of rain water shall be collected for the integrated system supply system. This amount along with 75% of RO water is most feasible as it achieves the efficiency and cuts down the cost of system operations which has been tested in other completed systems. Therefore, even though initial cost is higher, the proposed system is the more feasible and efficient option. 1 3 . 5 Alternative brine outfall l o c a t i o n An alternative location for the outfall is studied in the Easter side of the island extending towards the southern side of the island’s reef. This is the next most suitable location as this the closest route to the Southern edge of the reef. However this route requires the uprooting a significant amount of trees. Brine is acceptable to be discharged in to the lagoon, and the large lagoon on the eastern side of the island would be ideal, however this area could be reclaimed in the future. The outfall pipe must be laid after considering the future development plans.

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Figure 15: Alternative brine discharge outfall. 1 3 . 6 Installing Home RO plants at each house There are small scale home RO plants available in the market. However this option might not be affordable to all the residents of the island and would require individual maintenance of each system and replacement of filters and such by authorized technicians.

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Table 15: Alternative analysis matrix SN Alternatives proposed Technical feasibility Economic viability Environmentally acceptable Social benefits A1 Alternative source of water Technically more Would be less Acceptable yet not preferred over Loses visible aesthetics of the extraction (from lagoon) challenging than the expensive than the proposed method beach area were the outfall proposed method. The borehole. pipe is located. treatment of the feedwater from the lagoon becomes more challenging too. A2 Alternative to Integrated Technically less challenging Lower cost due to less Less acceptable as is it the lesser Higher operational cost than Water Resource Approach than proposed system. complex engineering efficient option. the proposed method as it is design and more efficient. Low cost maintenance costs. method is always beneficial for the society as available funds can then be directed to other uses A3 Alternative to brine outfall Technically slightly more Not economically Environmentally acceptable yet Social unacceptable as the location challenging viable as length of the not preferred as the proposed length of the pipe is longer and pipe is much longer location provides an optional less goes through the island and and a part of the pipe detrimental to the environment. will cost more. Low cost goes through the method is always beneficial island. for the society as available funds can then be directed to other uses

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SN Alternatives proposed Technical feasibility Economic viability Environmentally acceptable Social benefits A4 Installing home RO plan in Technically more Economically not Environmentally not acceptable as Socially unacceptable as the every house challenging as installation viable as some people every house will be extracting cost incurred by individual and maintenance has to be may not be able to water from the fresh water lens, citizens are high and harder done by experts afford Home RO plants and this would further reduce the for low-income citizens. fresh water lens, cause pollution and saline intrusions.

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The following table outlines the results of the alternative analysis matrix

Table 16: Alternative analysis matrix

Alternatives proposed

Technical Technical feasibility viability Economic Environmentally acceptable benefits Social scores Total

A1 Alternative source of water extraction 2 4 2 1 9 (from lagoon)

A2 Alternative to Integrated Water 4 2 2 1 8 Resource Approach

A3 Alternative to brine outfall location 1 1 1 1 4

Based on the evaluation matrix, none of the alternatives give a better option than the proposed methods and locations.

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14 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 1 4 . 1 Introduction Environmental management and monitoring is essential to ensure that potential impacts are minimized and to mitigate unanticipated impacts. Monitoring will be carried out as part of the environmental impact assessment and monitoring requirements addressed in this EIA report. The following table summarizes the aspects of monitoring. 1 4 . 2 Environmental management plan An environmental management plan is outlined in this section. This plan outlines the measures that need to be undertaken during construction period. The management plan should be followed during the construction period. The plan also outlines the monitoring components. A detail monitoring plan is separately outlined. 1 4 . 3 Cost of Monitoring The proponent has committed fully for the monitoring programme outlined in this report. The total cost of undertaking the regular monitoring is estimated in the following table. Cost of monitoring includes all data collection and reporting to the client as well as the relevant government agencies. 1 4 . 4 D u r a t i o n of Monitoring Monitoring will include marine, terrestrial and social components. The proposed scheduled for monitoring has been prepared for 12 months during the construction period as well as annually during the operational stage. During the annual monitoring, some aspects will need to be monitored more frequently during the year. Hence, this schedule will be applicable for monitoring during the construction period and annually during the operational stage after the project. Monitoring will be undertaken by subcontracting the work to an independent consultant or a consulting firm. 1 4 . 5 M e t h o d s of Monitoring Environmental monitoring will be undertaken using standard methods described in the Methodology section. Monitoring is recommended for marine, coastal and social aspects. 1 4 . 6 Monitoring Responsibility Monitoring responsibility will be with the client and financial provisions will be made in the project to undertake the monitoring. 1 4 . 7 M o n i t o r i n g R e p o r t A detailed monitoring report should be compiled after the completion of the civil works. During the construction period, summary monitoring reports must be provided every two months and final report should be provided at the end of the construction stage and should adhere to EIA Regulations, 2012. During the operational stage, regular monitoring reports should be provided once every three months. This report will be submitted to the relevant government agencies for compliance. The report will include details of the site, data collection and analysis, quality control measures, sampling frequency and monitoring analysis and details of methodologies and protocols followed.

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1 4 . 8 Environmental Management plan

1 4 . 8 . 1 G r o u n d Water Quality m a n a g e m e n t

Objective To appropriately manage groundwater quality during construction activities

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

Excavation of Site Manager Prior to construction trenches and commencing identifying dewatering / discharge locations.

Performance No groundwater to be Site Manager Throughout Indicators discharged to marine construction works waters and all water to be recharged back to the ground.

Monitoring (Refer to Ground water quality Site Manager or Throughout the monitoring monitoring program independent construction works program). or complaint based consultant. monitoring.

Reporting Reporting to site All staff Throughout manager and also construction works keep records for the monitoring report.

Any reporting to EPA Site Manager or Throughout independent construction works consultant.

Corrective Actions Corrective actions Site Manager Throughout and implementation construction works time frame.

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1 4 . 8 . 2 Air Quality

Objective To manage construction activities with the potential to impact on air quality (dust suppression, stockpiles, maintenance of equipment’s / machinery and other methods)

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

Periodic watering Site Manager Throughout will be used for dust construction works suppression in the work areas (eg, roads).

Performance No complaints Site Manager Throughout Indicators regarding dust from construction works workers / neighbors / community members.

Regular maintenance Site Manager Throughout logs of vehicle/ construction works machinery inspection and servicing.

Monitoring (Refer to Visual air quality Site Manager Throughout the monitoring monitoring program construction works program). or complaint based monitoring.

Reporting reporting to site All staff Throughout manager construction works

Corrective Actions Corrective actions Site Manager Throughout and implementation construction works time frame

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1 4 . 8 . 3 N o i s e

Objective To appropriately manage noise during construction activities to minimise impact to workers, neighbours and community members.

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

All significant noise Site Manager Throughout generating activities construction works will be undertaken between Sat- Thursday 8.30am to 6.30pm

Performance no complaints Site Manager Throughout Indicators regarding noise from construction works workers / neighbours / community members / schools

Monitoring (Refer to Complaint based Site Manager Throughout the monitoring monitoring construction works programme).

Reporting Reporting to site All staff Throughout manager construction works

Corrective Actions Corrective actions Site Manager Throughout and implementation construction works time frame

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1 4 . 8 . 4 Hazardous Substances

Objective To manage construction activities with the potential to cause contaminated soil.

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

All chemicals such as Site Manager Throughout fuels will be stored in construction works bunded, roofed areas with MSDS’s kept nearby

All refueling of Site Manager Throughout vehicles and construction works machinery will be done with careful supervision.

Fuel transport to be Site Manager Throughout done in proper construction works vehicles.

Performance no spills Site Manager Throughout Indicators construction works

Monitoring (Refer to Chemical / fuel Site Manager Throughout the monitoring storage areas and construction works programme). spill kits will be inspected on a routine basis.

Complained based Site Manager Throughout monitoring of spills construction works by workers.

Reporting reporting to site All staff Throughout manager construction works

Corrective Actions corrective actions Site Manager Throughout and implementation construction works time frame

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1 4 . 8 . 5 W a s t e Management

Objective To appropriately manage waste during construction activities. Waste collection will be done in a place assigned by the Island Council. This will be the point where all daily and weekly waste will be collected and dumped from roads as construction goes on.

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

Appropriate waste Site Manager Prior to works collection methods commencing will be provided during work period.

Performance No waste deliberately Site Manager Throughout Indicators or unintentionally construction works released on to roads and public space.

Monitoring Waste collected will Site Manager Throughout be inspected daily and construction works emptied weekly

All waste to be stockpiled in to one place.

Reporting Reporting to site All staff Throughout manager construction works

Corrective Actions corrective actions and Site Manager Throughout implementation time construction works frame

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1 4 . 8 . 6 Flora and Fauna

Objective To appropriately manage construction activities with the potential to disturb flora and fauna.

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

No terrestrial Site Manager Throughout vegetation (trees) construction works will be disturbed without prior approval

All clearing areas to Site Manager Throughout be inspected by construction works Island Council before clearing.

Marking the Site Manager Throughout boundary of sea construction works outfall to reduce damage foot print.

Sedimentation of the Site manager Throughout reef during outfall construction works construction.

No unnecessary Site Manager Throughout cutting and clearing construction works of vegetation.

Performance Visual monitoring of Site Manager Throughout indicators trees removed. construction works

Monitoring Coral reef Independent Throughout monitoring. consultant construction works

Sedimentation Site manager Throughout monitoring. construction works

Corrective Actions Corrective actions Site Manager Throughout and implementation construction works time frame

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1 4 . 8 . 7 Cultural Heritage

Objective To appropriately manage construction activities with the potential to disturb / uncover cultural heritage sites / artefacts during excavation.

Actions Requirements Responsibility Timing

All workers will be Site Manager Throughout educated on their construction works cultural heritage duty of care.

Performance No cultural heritage Site Manager Throughout Indicators artefacts uncovered construction works

Monitoring Visual monitoring Site Manager Throughout construction works

Reporting reporting to site All staff Throughout manage construction works

Any reporting to Site Manager Throughout regulators or EPA construction works

Corrective Actions corrective actions and Site Manager Throughout implementation time construction works frame

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Figure 16: Schedule for environmental monitoring during the construction period as well as per annum during operation period.

Monitoring Indicator Methodology Monitoring Frequency Cost during Cost Per annum Attribute (construction (operational phase)

Construction Operational phase).

stage stage

Air quality No complaints regarding Visual air quality Daily - - - dust from workers / monitoring neighbours / community members during the excavation and pipe laying work.

Regular maintenance Maintenance logs - - - - logs of vehicle/ machinery inspection and servicing.

Noise No complaints regarding Complains received - - - - noise from workers / neighbours / community members / schools

Marine environment

Diversity and Number / percentage of Qualitative & Quantitative - Annually - $2,00.00 abundance of fish selected fish communities at sites M1 to M3

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Marine water pH, turbidity, Salinity, Lab analysis - Thrice - $1,500.00 quality at survey COD, BOD annually site SW1

Terrestrial Environment

Ground water pH, turbidity, salinity, On site and Lab analysis Twice during Thrice $1,200.00 quality chemical tests construction. annually

Socio-economic and engineering aspects

Community To assess the Through periodic surveys - Annually - US$ 300.00 satisfaction community’s satisfaction about the project.

Energy Total monthly energy Through monthly energy - Monthly - No cost consumption consumption from the bills from STELCO Water Treatment Plant.

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15 Conclusion This EIA report is prepared for the construction of an integrated water supply system in the island of Felidhoo in Vaavu Atoll. This project is proposed to provide safe drinking for the island where the availability of water is difficult especially in the dry season. Hence the project is proposed and will be implemented by Ministry of Environment and Energy. Environmental impacts of the project would occur during the construction stage and the operational stage. At the construction stage, excavations and dewatering to lay the pipes and the construction of pumps would be the main activities resulting in environmental impacts. Excavations include both land excavations and excavations of the lagoon and reef bottom to lay the outfall pipes. However, excavations of the lagoon and reef substrate would be minimal since the outfall pipe would not require strict gradients and excavations. Sedimentation during the pipe laying is also an impact to be considered. Apart from these, noise and solid waste accumulation, some of which may be hazardous waste, will be generated during the construction phase. Due to the high water tables recorded between 0.3 and 1.2 m below ground level (MWSC, 2017) extensive dewatering is required during construction and installation of pipe networks with increase in intensity as depth increases. Furthermore, the instability of the prevailing sand/soil conditions of Coral Atoll Islands makes excessive dewatering extremely hazardous since dewatering entailed with increase in depth removes significant quantities of sand/soil, further exacerbating the unstable soil conditions. The laying of brine outfall will not require extensive vegetation clearing however, the area enclosing the water treatment plant and its administration building required clearing. During the operational stage, the main impacts identified are the disposal of brine and the consumption of energy and release of greenhouse gases. Brine is disposed over the reef edge to the open sea where dilution and dispersion is more than adequate and no thermal or chemical pollution would be present. Alternatives for the project were explored including brine outfall location, water extraction, integrated water resources, and the ‘no project’ options. Based on the alternative evaluation matrix that includes technical, economic, environmental and social aspects of the alternatives, the proposed methods are more preferred than the alternatives. This assessment has identified the impacts during the construction and operational phases and has formulated a management plan to ensure that potential impacts are minimized and to mitigate unanticipated impacts.

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16 People who have assisted in the preperation of this report

EIA People who registration Page assisted in data number (only Chapter Signature number collection and for those report writing registered consultants)

Introduction 16 Abdul Aleem

Nashfa Nashidh

Mohamed Umar EIA T07/2017 Project Description 30

Hasan Shah EIA P02/2007

Project Setting (Legislative 18 Ahmed Jameel EIA P07/07 section)

Mohamed Umar EIA T07/2017

Existing 46 Environment Abdullah Fazeel

Abdul Aleem Impact and 55 Mitigation

Nashfa Nashidh

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EIA People who registration Page assisted in data number (only Chapter Signature number collection and for those report writing registered consultants)

Mohamed Umar EIA T07/2017

Stakeholder 65 Nashfa Nashidh Consultations

Hassan Shah EIA P02/2007

Monitoring 74 Ahmeh Jameel EIA P07/07

Abdul Aleem

Conclusion 85 Nashfa Nashidh

Ahmed Jameel EIA P07/07

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17 Acknowledgements Various people have assisted the consulting team in preparing this report, name and their designations are listed below. CV’s of the field assistants are attached as an annex. Water Solutions would like to thank their support and assistance provided in completion of this report. 1- Abdul Aleem, BSc, MPH – Mapping and GIS 2- Ahmed Jameel, B. Eng (Environmental), MSc – Environmental (EIA-P07/07) 3- Abdulla Fazeel, Bachelor of Marine Science 4- Mohamed Umaru, Junior Environmental Consultant 5- Felidhoo Island Council 6- MWSC 7- Water Solutions staff

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18 Reference Books and Sources

Department of National Planning. (2009). Statistical Year Book. Male: DNP. EPA. (2015). DESIGN CRITERIA AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONVENTIONAL GRAVITY SEWERAGE SYTEMS. Male', Republic of Maldives: Environmental Protection Agency. Falkland, T. (2000). Report on Groundwater Investigations, . Male': Ministry of Atolls Administration. Hoepner, T. (1999). A Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Seawater Desalination Plants. Desalination, vol.124, pp. 1-12. Jameel, A. (2007). Developing a Disaster Profile for Maldives, A thesis for the Masters Degree. Chirstchurch, New Zealand: University of Cantebury. Kargeorgos, P., Latos, M., Kotsifaki, C., & Lazaridis, M. (2010). Treatment of unpleasant odors in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, , 2635-2644. Ministry of Planning and National Development. (2006). Analytical Report of Population and Housing Census. Male': Ministry of Planning and National Development. UNEP, M. o. (n.d.). State of the Environment Report . Maldives: UNEP2002. Water Solutions Pvt Ltd. (2006). EIA for the development of Sewerage system in Nilandhoo Faafu Atoll. Male': Water Solutions Pvt Ltd. Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd. (2006). EIA for the development of a resort in Kalhufahalafushi in Thaa Atoll. Male': Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd. Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd. (2012). EIA of Harbour development and rehabilitation in Maavah island, Laamu Toll. Male': Water Solutions.

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19 Annex: Terms of reference

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yer) P-e, -,L ,erz'.rt-r EnYironmental Protection Agency PA

No; 203-EIARE5/438120181 54

Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Integrated Water Supply System at Felidhoo, Vaavu Atoll

The following is the Terms of Reference (ToR) following the scoping meeting held on Q!!!!!!! for undertaking the EIA of the proposed Integrated Water Supply System at Felidhoo, Vaavu Atoll. The proponent of the project is Ministry of Environment and Energy. The f,lA consultants of this project are Ahmed Jameel/Hassan Shah.

While every attempt has been made to ensure that this TOR addresses all of the major issues associated with development proposal, they are not necessarily exhaustive. They should not be interpreted as excluding from consideration matters deemed to be significant but not incorporated in them, or matters currently unforeseen, that emerge as important or significant from environmental studies, or otherwise, during the course of preparation of the EIA report.

l lntroduction to the Droiect - Describe the purpose ofthe Integrated Water Supply system. Clearly identifr the rationale and objectives to enable the formulation of alternatives. Define the arrangements required for the environmental impact assessment including how work carried out under this contract is linked and sequenced with other projects executed by other consultants, and how coordination between other consultants, contractors and govemment institutions will be carried out. List the donors and the institutions the consultant will be coordinating with and the methodologies used.

2. Studv area - Submit a minimum A3 size scaled plan with indications ofall the proposed infrastructures. Specifi the agreed boundaries of the study area for the environmental impact assessment highlighting the proposed development location, size and important elements of the proposed Water Supply System. Relevant developments in the areas must also be addressed including residential areas, all economic ventures and cultural sites.

3. Scope of work - ldentifo and number tasks of the project including site preparation, construction and decommissioning phases.

Task l. Description of the proposed project - Provide a description and justification of the relevant parts of the project, using maps at appropriate scales where necessary. The following should be provided

o Location ofthe rainwater harvesting catchment areas, RO Plant, Plant house and storage tanks o Details of the water production process from intake, treatment to distribution . Details ofproduct water storage from rain and RO, estimate and forecast for next 5 years . Capacity of rainwater harvesting catchment areas, RO Plant and storage o Method of feed water intake for RO process, their advantages and justification. . Capacity of rainwater harvesting catchment areas, RO Plant and storage o Method of feed water intake for RO process, their advantages and justification 1

Environm€ntal Prote

Tel: l+9601 333 ss,49 l+9ml 333 59Sr Email: secretariat@epa,8ov mv : ,:',

rar: I+9601333 s9s3 1of4 Website:ww epa gov mv : ir;-:; iub?.

7:;: tt-eii;;airrrtt: Environmental Protection Agency

Disposal of concentrated brine, selection of the location and reason for choosing the location and justification Properties of product water quality and method for monitoring the water quality during the operational stage Describe equipment needed and construction methods for laying the pipeline including handling and transportation.

Task 2. Description of the existing environment - Assemble, evaluates and presents the environmental baseline studies/data regarding the study area and timing ofthe project (e.g. monsoon season). Identi! baseline data gaps and identifi studies and the level of detail to be carried out by consultant. Consideration of likel-v use as a baseline. As such all baseline data must be presented in such a way that they will be usefully applied to future monitoring. The report should outline detailed methodology of data collection utilized.

All data must be collected as oer the requirements of the EPA Data Collection Guidelines (oublished on rt should outline detailed methodoloey ofdata collection utilized.

The baseline data will be collected before construction. All survey locations shall be referenced with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) including water sampling points, reef transects, vegetation transects and manta tows sites for posterior data comparison. Information should be divided into the categories shown below:

General climatic conditions o Rainfall data

Geoloev and geomorpholog.v o Bathymetry (at the proposed outfall location and alternative locations) . Characteristics of seabed sediments to assess direct habitat destruction and turbidity impacts during construction.

Hvdrosra ohv/hvdrodvnam ics localized n] ao S o Tidal ranges and tidal currents; . Sea water quality measuring these parameters: temperature, pH, salinity and nitrate

Ecology o ldentiry marine protected areas (MPAs) and sensitive sites such as breeding or nursery grounds for protected or endangered species (e.g. coral reefs, spawning fish sites, nurseries for crustaceans or specific sites for marine mammals, sharks and turtles). Include description of commercial species, species with potential to become nuisances or vector. Include map; o Marine habitat status including coral reef health, seagrass beds and benthic and fish community description around the island. Select a control site far from the outfall location and a test site at representative distances from the outfall discharge site;

Hazard vulnerabil it-v : Vulnerability ofarea to flooding and storm surge to predict infiltration rates

* Environmental Protection Agency Green Building, 3d Floor, HandhuvareeHireun ,r-, ,)-, ,ilrii ,t3,ti)i, i-i Male', Rep of Maldives, 2039 2 20392 ';ri-)/ ;i I Tel: [+960] 333 5949 l+9601 333 5951 Ehail: secretariat@Gpa tov.flw i:t:

Fax: I+9501 3:13 5953 2of4 w€bsite www.ep..6ov.mv I i-':) (UD/.

P)Pd' yert 2er2rrtrr '.D Environmental Protection Agency EPA

Socio-economic environment o Demography: total population, seK ratio, density, growth and pressure on land and marine resources; . Land use planning, natural resource use and zoning ofactivities at sea; . Sites with historical or cultural interest or sacred places (mosques, graveyard). Groundwater quality

o Assess the quality of aquifer for physical, chemical and biological parameters such as pH, Salinity, E. Conductivity, temperature, DO, and biological contamination

Task 3. Legislative and regulatory considerations - Identi! the pertinent legislation, regulations and standards, and environmental policies that are relevant and applicable to the proposed project, and identiff the appropriate authority j urisd ictions that will specifically apply to the project.

Task 4. Potential impacts of the proposed project- The EIA report should identify all the impacts (direct, indirect and cumulative) and evaluate the magnitude and significance. This shall include:

Terrestrial impacts from construction o Loss ofvegetation and fauna from land clearance activities, pipe works (deployment and dewatering); o Ground water quality; Impact fiom installins the brine outfall pipe lmpacts from marine habitat destruction which may affect fish stocks and species diversity

The methods used to identifo the significance ofthe impacts shall be outlined. Justification must be provided to the selected methodologies. The report should outline the uncertainties in impact prediction and also outline all positive and negalive/short and long-term impacts.

Task 5. Alternatives to proposed project - Describe alternatives including the "no aclion oplior " should be presented. Determine the best practical environmental options. Alternatives examined for the proposed project that would achieve the same objective including the "no action altemative". This should include altematives for environmental, social and economic considerations. The report should highlight how the location for the outfall was determined. All altematives must be compared according to commonly accepted standards as much as possible.

Task 6. Mitigation and management of negative impacts - Identifr possible measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation measures must also be identified for both construction and operation phase. Cost of the mitigation measures, equipment and resources required to implement those measures should be specified. The confirmation of commitment of the developer to implement the proposed mitigation measures shall also be included. An Environmental management plan for the proposed project, identirying responsible persons, their duties and commitments shall also be given.

Task 7. Development of monitoring plan ldentifo the critical issues requiring monitoring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan for: o Physical parameters such as ground and sea water quality assessments and oceanographic studies. o Biological parameters such as terrestrial monitoring, coral reef and benthic monitoring, fish community census and terrestrial monitoring The monitoring program including the physical and biological parameters for monitoring, cost commitment from responsible person to conduct monitoring in the form ofa commitment letter, detailed reponing scheduling, costs and methods of undertaking the monitoring program must be provided. x Envtonment l Prote.tion Aaency Green Eulldln& 3d floor, HandhuEreeHngun i)-, -i)-t ,;.t rri ,t3,t4j: i.t Male', Rcp. of Maldlv€s,20392 20j92 , itt,j2 ')t : Tel: l+9601 333 5949 I+9601 333 s951 tmail: seoetarat@epa 8ov.mv 2:':

F.r: I+9t01333 S9s3 3 of4 4r'/./.

yer) -2-C' '-.p 2e?2rrt2, Env ironmental Protection Ag.".) EPA

Task 8. Stakeholder consultation - EIA report should include a list of people consulted and what were the major outcomes. ldentifo appropriate mechanisms to supply stakeholders and the public with information about the development proposal and its progress. Major stakeholder consultation shall include Ministry of Environment and Energy, Felidhoo Island Council, Vaavu AtollCouncil

Prcsenlalion - The environmenlal impact assessment report, lo be presented in digital Jormat, will be concise and focus on signirtcanl environmenlal issues. Il ',vill conlain the Jindings, conclusions and recommended actions supported by summaries of the datct collected and citations f or any references used in interpreling those dota. The environmenlal assessment report will be organized according to, but not necessorily linited by, the outline given in the EIA Regulations, 2012 and relevant amendments.

Timeframe for submitt ins lhe EIA reporl The developer must submit the completed EIA report within 6 month,s from the date of this Term of Reference

3'd March 8. 201 8

Environm€ntal Protertion Alen .y

Green Buildh& 3d Floo., Handhuva.eHinsun ',1:'r -r' 't-.,' ,,t Male', Rep ot Maldives, 20392 203e2 'i:i.i, ')i : fel: t+9601333 s949 [+9601 333 s951 ii;t Email: secretari.t@epa tov.mv ir:: rar: I+96111333 5953 : ,tj 4of4 website: wwepa.tov.mv : i-,-:i EIA for the construction and setup of an integrated water supply system in Felidhoo Island, Vaavu Atoll

20 Annex: Land Approvals Documents from Council

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21 Annex: Bathymetry of the outfall area

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Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, June 2018 Page 98 V . F e l i d h o o W a t e r P r o j e c t .2 V . F e l i d h o o W a t e r P r o j e c t -24-23 .5 .2 -23 1.8 -20 -2 9 .3 7 Legend 3 2 19. -18 -1 2-2 -2 0 - 6 7 3. 2 -2 17. 15. -2 20. 7 - - -13 3- 7. -15 .8 µ 4.1 .1 0. -1 5.6 12 0.5 Brine outfall 2 22 -2 .5 -1 - -1 .8 - - 17 7 2 2 .4 8.3 24 19 - 5. 3. -1 -10 4- - .9 .1 - -1 -1 8. 7 22 0 7 .8 3 0.6 - - - -2 7. 15 1-1 -1 -8.5 .2 -6 Contour 20 -1 - 3. 0 .6 -7 1 - .1 -1 5-1 -8 .3 -6. 8 6 .7 0. .3 -7 3 .4 5.1 -1 5. 12 .8-1 -8 .8 -6. -5 - -1 - 10 .4 -6 5.5 3 9 6- -8 .7 .6 - 4. Vegtationline March 2018 2. 0. .7 1 6 -6 -5 .5 - -1 -1 -8 7. - .1 .8 -4 0.7 - -6 -4 .4 -1 .6 8.1 6 .7 4.1 .6 -3 -8 - -6. .9 .4 -5 -4 - -3 Shoreline March 2018 6.8 -5 -5 .8 - .7 2 -3 -6.4 -5 -5. .5 .2 3.9 1 .9 6 8 -4 -4 - 4 -3. -2 -2. -5. 5.3 .4 -3. - .7 -4 -4 Reef line .9 -4 8 2.7 2.5 2.3 -4 .7 .3 3 . - - - .1 2 3.9 -3 -3 - -2 -2 -4. - .9 6 2.4 3.2 -2 2. - .2 -3.5 - - .3 -2 7 2.5 -2 -3 .8 -2. - .9 -1.8 -2 2.1 -2 -1 .4 2 - 6 -2 -2. 7 -1. -1. 3 -1.2 4 -1. -1.9 -1. 1.5 -1 -1.6 - -1.2 -1.1 -1 -0.9 -0.8 0.7 - -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4

- 0 . 4

- N N

0 " " 0 0

. 72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E ' 73°0'0"E ' 4 0 0 ° ° 6 6 N N " "

.4 0 0

-0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 6 6 N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 3 3 N N " " 0 0 ' '

.4 0 0 -0 3 3 ° ° 5 5 -0.4 " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° -0.5 0 0 72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 73°0'0"E -0.5

Geodetic Parameters -0.6 Coordinate Systems :Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone: 43 North Projection :Transverse Mercator (TM) -0.6 Datum : WGS 1984 Longitude of Origin :0.000000000 Central Meridian:75 W 0.6 Scale Factor :0.999600000000000040 - False Easting :500000.000 False Northing :0.00000000 Semi-Major Axis (a) (Meters) :6378137.000 Semi-Minor Axis (b) (Meters): 6356752.3142451793

Scale: 0 4.25 8.5 17 Meters

Project: V. Felidhoo Water Project

Client: Male' Water & Sewerage Company Pvt. Ltd.

Contractor:

Water Solutions Pvt Ltd Ma.Fas Eri 1st Floor, Ameenee Magu, Male', Maldives Tel: +(960)3341643, Fax: +(960)331643 www.water-solutions.biz

EIIA PURPOSES ONLY EIA for the construction and setup of an integrated water supply system in Felidhoo Island, Vaavu Atoll

22 Annex: Approval of concept design from Ministry of Environment and Energy

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23 Annex: CV’s of unregistered consultants who assisted in this project

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Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, June 2018 Page 102 Curriculum Vitae of Environmental Consultant

1. POSITION : Junior Environmental Consultant

2. NAME : Nashfa Nashidh

3. CONTACT DETAILS M.Dhonalhamaage Shaheedh Ali Hingun Male’ Maldives Mobile:+(960) 9533094

4. DATE OF BIRTH : 20th March 1994

5. NATIONALITY : Maldivian

6. EDUCATION : Bachelor of Science with Honours in Environment Science

University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia, 2017 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level Edexcel Examinations, HSC Examinations 2013 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level University of Cambridge International Examinations, SSC Examinations 2010

8. OTHER TRAINING

7. LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF Speaking Writing Reading PROFICIENCY : English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

8. MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES : -

9. COUNTRIES OF WORK EXPERIENCE : Maldives

10. EMPLOYMENT RECORD :

FROM: May 2014 To: August 2014 EMPLOYER Ibrahim Nasir International Airport POSITION HELD AND Load control officer DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Weight balance and trimming of aircrafts

FROM: July 2013 To: September 2013 EMPLOYER Elections Commissions POSITION HELD AND Officer DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Data Entry

FROM: 10th September 2017 To: Present EMPLOYER Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. POSITION HELD AND Environmental Consultant DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Undertake field surveys required for environmental studies, development and monitoring. Preparing EIA and environmental monitoring reports.

Page (1)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Landhoo Island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 3 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Utheemu Island, Haa Alif Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Omadhoo Island, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 3 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Hangnaameedhoo Island, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 3 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Maavah Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 10 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Collecting field data for the report and contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Feeali Island, FaafuAtoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 10 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Collecting field data for the report and contributing to report writing

Project Name : Environmental monitoring report, Lhaviyani kanifushi Client : Atmosphere Kanifushi resort Period : 2017 Time Spent: 5 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Utheemu Island, Haa Alif Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Page (2)

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Rasmaadhoo Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Maakurathu Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 5 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : Addendum 1 to the Environmental Impact Assessment Client : Bon Free Pvt. Ltd. Period : 2018 Time Spent: 7 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

CERTIFICATION:

I, THE UNDERSIGNED, confirm that:

(i) To the best of my knowledge, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications, and my experience (ii) I have given my full consent to be included in this Proposal (iii) I am available for the assignment as indicated/scheduled in this Proposal.

Nashfa Nashidh

Page (3) Abdul Aleem (Amooo) – Curriculum Vitae

Personal and contact Full name: Abdul Aleem details Common Name: Amooo Date of birth: 2nd November 1973 Nationality: Maldivian Sex: Male’

Permanent address M.Dhonumaruge Dhekunubai, Jahaamuguri Goalhi, Male', Republic of Maldives

Tel: + 960 3341643 Mobile: + 960 7793502 Web: www.water-solutions.biz Email: [email protected]

Experience

Specialized in Environmental Health, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Health Impact assessment, Water quality assessment and monitoring (ground and drinking water). Good practical and working experience on terrestrial surveying, qualitative and quantitative fresh water quality surveys, groundwater quality assessment for monitoring purpose (small islands), bathymetric surveys of reefs and lagoons, coastal and marine survey (beach profile measurement using levels and current measurement using dye test), noise assessment and air pollutant measurement. Competent in mapping islands using differential GPS and developing GIS base maps. Good theoretical and practical knowledge of MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, Macromedia Director MX, Macromedia Deamweaver MX, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Quick Time Pro, Corel Draw. Basic knowledge of MS Access. Good working knowledge and experience in designing and maintenance of static websites and basic knowledge on Dynamic websites. Good knowledge and experience in designing and authoring multimedia CD’s for personal computers using macromedia Director. Good theoretical and practical knowledge on GIS and capable of developing small to medium size GIS projects.

Good practical knowledge on coastal management, coastal surveying, especially use of shorelines as an indicator of coastal erosion, identifying methods of erosion control and beach management and rectification issues.

LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF PROFICIENCY:

Speaking Writing Reading English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

Education

Master of Public Health (MPH) - 2003 to 2004 University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Subjects undertaken: Foundations of Public Health; Social Health Research methods, Statistics for Health Sciences; Child Health, Computer Applications in Epidemiology; Research methods for health professionals; Principles of Health informatics; Alcohol, tobacco and other drug studies; Mental health development-theories and principles; Health and Society; Masters dissertation: A qualitative study on “Impact of Stroke on caregivers”.

Bachelor of Environmental Health - Feb 1999 to Nov 1999 University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Australia

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health in Practice, Environmental Planning, Food Safety, Noise Assessment and Control, Environmental and Health Education, Environmental Health in Practice (Healthy City Environments), Air Quality Assessment and Management Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 1

Diploma in Environmental Health - Feb 1996 - Nov 1998 Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health Practicum 1-Primary Health Care, Public Health Administration, Public Health Law, Introduction to Building, Introduction to Population Studies, Environmental Health Practicum 2- Community Health, Epidemiology and Health, Food Handling and Hygiene, Physiology and Toxicology, Chemistry Concepts and Compounds, Environmental Health Practicum 3-Water Quality Studies, Waste Management, Non Formal Education, Introduction to Management, Environmental Health Practicum 4-Terrestrial and Human Ecology, Building 2, Construction Technology, Building Technology, Adult Learning, Environmental Health Practicum 5 – Environmental Impact Assessment, Occupational Health, Town and Country Planning, Organizational Management, Organizational Behaviour, Final Year project (Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands).

General Certificate of Education Examination (June 1990 - June 1992) Advanced Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

General Certificate of Education Examination (Jan 1987 - Dec 1989) Ordinary Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

Other Professional Courses and training

Teledyne PDS Software Multibeam Acquisition & Processing (2015) Training course on the use of Multibeam Echosounder for underwater surveying held in Male’, Maldives in November 2015.

Reef check surveying protocols (2014) Training course on the use of Reef Check protocol for undertaking coral reef surveys held in Male’, Maldives in 2014. Training organized by Marine Research Centre.

International Training Programme in GIS for Policy Making, Planning and management of Spatially Distributed resources (2005) 19.12.2005 to 30.12.2005, International Center for Geo-informatics Applications and Training, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

Certificate course in Web Designing and Multimedia (2001) 19.12.2000 to 20.2.2001, Access Computers, Republic of Maldives

Basic French (1996) Three month course in basic French, Alliance Francaise, Suva, Fiji Islands

Photography Basic Course (1993) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Photography Advance Course (1994) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Photography Technical Course - Advertising Photography (1995) 6 months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Technical papers and research undertaken

Mapping the incidence of Dengue using GIS in Male from 1998 to 2005 Available Dengue incidents reported from Male’, was transformed in to a GIS to assess the disease occurrence patterns in Maldives during the study period and identify any patterns in its occurrence January 2006, Project undertaken for WEB Foundations (webfound.org). The project was completed entirely on my own

Drafting of the 1st National Drinking Water Quality guidelines for Maldives Drafting the guidelines with the assistance and supervision from Dr. Machiel Stynberg, South Africa.

Safety of Rainwater harvesting in Maldives Data analysis and reporting of a pilot survey conducted for the 12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference, New Delhi 2005.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 2

Occupational Health Injury Situation Analysis (December 2002) Joint study on assessing occupational injuries and its situation in Maldives. Study done for Ministry of Health with Ahmed Zahid.

Environmental Health Review (November 2001) A review of Environmental Health status in Maldives done for Ministry of Health

Health and Safety Aspects (October 2001) Joint study on the Feasibility of a Poultry Farm in Maldives. Feasibility study done for a private firm.

Environmental Impact Statement (December 2000) Undertaken for the RO plant at ADK Hospital, Male’, Maldives.

Healthy Islands Plan of Action for Maldives: (2000) Prepared for Environmental Health Unit of Ministry of Health, Maldives

Critique on Hawkesbury Healthy City Project (1999) One year research project undertaken at WHO Collaborating Center for environmental Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Sydney, Australia

Healthy River: Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands; 1998 Third year research project undertaken at Department of Environmental Health, Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Environmental and other technical reports

Name of the Report Coastal management and assessment report Date February 2015 Client Dusit Thani, Maldives

Location Muhdhoo island, Dusit Thani Project Component Coastal management / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Aruna Bandaranayaka Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environmental monitoring and management. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the shore protection works in Maafushi Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Environment

Location Maafushi island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Ms. Aishath Huma Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gaafaru Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gaafaru island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gahdhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gahdhoo island, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 3

Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Nilandhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Nilandhoo island, Faafu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Kendhoo Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kendhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Kelaa Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kelaa island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Mai Falhu in north Male’ Atoll Date July 2014 Client WATG Singapore Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of islands in a coral reef Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client including the development of islands, reclamation and its feasibility components.

Name of the Report EIA for the refurbishment of Viceroy at Vagaru Date May 2015 Client EON Resorts Location Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 4

Name of the report EIA addendum report for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort with a modified harbour design Date March 2014 Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including development of modified concepts involvements for the harbour

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Milandhoo island Date March 2015 Client MWSC Location Milandhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Kelaa island Date February 2015 Client MWSC Location Kelaa Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date December 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date December 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the development of resort in Innahera Cluster of Islands, Date November 2014 Client SIMDI

Location Innareha Cluster of islands, Gaafu Dhaalu Project Component Environmental consultancy Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 5

Contact Person Mr. Yoosuf / SIMDI Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Preliminary Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date November 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and jetty in Baarah Date November 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Baarah Island, Haa Alifu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and sewerage system in Alifushi Island Date October 2014 Client MWSC Location Alifushi Island, Raa Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the Report Progress report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date October 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort Date September 2014 Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report Inspection and assessment of Vandhoo Harbour Date August 2014 Client Kocks Consult Gmb, Germany Location Vandhoo, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment Contact name Mr. Kasdarli Sid-Alir Chakir Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the harbour. involvements

Name of the Report Implementation and launching report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date July 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 6

Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the construction and harbour in Magoodhoo Date July 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the marine environment assessments. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Meedhoo island Date July 2014 Client MWSC Location Meedhoo island, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment of marine and ground water components. Contact name Mr. Mohamed Rasheed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the marine and ground water involvements environments including data collection.

Name of the Report Initial assessment report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date June 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work / feasibility assessment and report writing.

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Faafu Atoll Date May 2014 Client EON Resort / Boston Consulting Group Location Faafu Atoll Project Component Development of islands Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client.

Name of the Report ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date February 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Meradhoo Island (Jumeirah Dhevanafushi) Date March 2014 Client CDL Hospitality Group / Singapore

Location Meradhoo Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 7

Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the development of a resort in Thanburudhoo Island Date February 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component EIA report Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Coastal management and assessment report for Park Hyatt Hadaha Date February 2014 Client Park Hyatt

Location Hadaha Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Assessment / Coastal management Contact Person Mr. Assad Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coral reef monitoring report Date Jan 2014 Client Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Coral Reef monitoring Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including coral reef survey assessments and involvements report writing.

Name of the Report EIA for the resort development at Kandholhudhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Universal Resorts Location Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component EIA Contact name Mr.Ibrahim Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine environment assessment. involvements

Name of the Report EIA addendum report for unloading rock boulders in Dharavandhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Baa Atoll Project Component EIA Contact name Mr. Hussain Fulhu Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environment assessment and report writing. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and setup of an STP Date October 2013 Client Adaaran Location Hudhuranfushi, North Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction and harbour at Gulhi Island Date August 2013 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 8

Client Ministry of Housing Location Gulhi Island, South Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA Feasibility report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date September 2013 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of a Artificial Reef Contact Number Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of a resort in Dhoores Island. Date August 2013 Client Vermillion Location Dhoores Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Development of a resort on an uninhabited island. Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of roads in Hanimaadhoo Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hanimaadhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine and socio-economic surveys. involvements Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Eydhafushi island Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Eydhafushi Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine surveys and preparation of the report. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of an RO plant in Guraidhoo Date June 2013 Client MWSC Location Guraidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, ground water and socio-economic surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road in Kudahuvadhoo Date June 2013 Client Road Corporation Location Kudahuvadhoo Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the project concept change at Maavelaavaru Island Date June 2013 Client Athama Investments Location Maavelavaru Island, Noonu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 9

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Guraidhoo island Date June 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Meedhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Meedhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Kudahuvadhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kudahuvadhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thulusdhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Thulusdhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Bodugiri in North Male’ Atoll. Date April 2013 Client STO Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the harbour rehabilitation in Kurendhoo island. Date March 2013 Client Ministry of environment Location Lhaviyani Atoll. Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Utheemu Date February 2013 Client Ministry of Housing

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 10

Location Utheemu island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Hulhumale 2nd phase

Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hulhumale Island Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Vashafaru island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vashafaru island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Kumundhoo Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kumundhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Vaikaradhoo island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vaikaradhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Kunahandhoo island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kunahandhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Maavah island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maavah Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 11

Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date September 2012 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Dhunikolhu Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Location Baa Atoll Dhunikolhu Island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Boduhithi Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Location Boduhithi Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the repair and rehabilitation of the sea water intake pipe line of STELCO. Date June 2012 Client STELCO

Location Male’ Project Component Marine surveys Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of over water villas at Hudhuranfushi resort Date May 2012 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 12

Client Adaaran Resorts Location K.Hudhuranfushi (Lhohifushi) Project Component Development of new water villas Contact Number Mr. Vijay Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA of resort Development at Vommuli island Date April 2012 Client Maldives resort pvt ltd Location Dhaalu Atoll Vommuli island Project Component Development of the entire island to a resort Contact Number Mr. Shaaheen. 7777650 Nature of my EIA consultant advising the architects on developing the concept, involvements identifying appropriate locations for water villas and jetty construction and also guiding them in designing and locating the structures on the island so that minimal disruption to the coastal environment will occur.

Name of the EIA EIA of beach replenishment and coastal modification, Date April 2012 Client Villa Hotels Location Royal island, Baa Atoll Project Component Beach replenishment in some areas and extraction of sand from some areas with high accretion Contact Person Mr.Thihaan, Manager, Royal Island resort Nature of my Involved in the mapping of eroding areas and also undertaking the marine involvements environment surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of Kudahithi Redevelopment Date April 2012 Client Coco Palm Resorts Location Kudahithi island, North Kaafu Atoll Project Component Rehabilitation of the beach including nourishment Contact Person Mr. Adam, Coco palm Resorts Nature of my Involved in the coastal assessment and undertaking marine surveys involvements including identifying areas for sand borrowing and developing methodologies for nourishment of sand.

Name of the EIA EIA of Dhonakulhi Redevelopment Date March 2012 Client Island Hideaway Location Dhonakulhi island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of the resort Contact Person Mr. Hafeez, 7773233 Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project including undertaking marine and involvements coastal surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of development of a sewerage system Date February 2012 Client Shin Nipppon Location Meemu Atoll Kolhufushi island Project Component Development of a new sewerage network Contact Person Mr. Saman Adhihetty. [email protected] Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including assessment of groundwater involvements resources and quantification of freshwater availability. Also assist the team in identifying best locations for outfall as well as treatment tanks. Also designed and analysed the willingness to pay survey in the island.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 13

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thimarafushi second phase Date December 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Thimarafushi island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Reclamation of the island lagoon, second phase Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed upgrading and development of the Regional Port, Kulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Date November 2011 Client Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Location Kulhudhufushi island, Haa Dhaal Atoll Project Component Upgrading of Kulhudhufushi Port Contact Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed development of a mooring area Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mathikomandoo, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a mooring area Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my EIA consultant, undertaking marine and island surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development and upgrading of harbour Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mulah, Meemu Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Mulah harbour Contact Person Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Assistant EIA consultant including undertaking bathymetry surveys and involvements marine assessments.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road Date August 2011 Client Southern utilities Location Hithadhoo island, Addu Atoll Project Component Development of a new roads for SAARC summit Contact Person Mr. Zareer, Southern Utilities Nature of my Assessment of vegetation clearing and undertaking vegetation surveys, involvements undertaking marine surveys in areas of the lagoon where sediment was borrowed to level the roads. Also extensive mapping was undertaken in the project site to determine the boundary and extent.

Name of the EIA EIA for the For the proposed development of a Marina at Hulhumale lagoon, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

Date July 2011 Client Housing Development Cooperation (HDC) Location Hulhumale, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of a marina Contact HDC Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 14

Name of the EIA EIA addendnum for For the Proposed Airport Development in Dharavandhoo, Baa Atoll

Date June 2011 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Dharavandhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Change in reclamation concept Contact Person Mr. Gahthan Haleem Nature of my Lead consultant for the project including mapping and undertaking marine involvements assessments for the report.

Name of the EIA EIA of Harbor Rehabilitation in Biledhoo, Faafu Atoll, Date May 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location F. Biledhoo Project Component Rehabilitation of the Harbour at F. Biledhoo Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed concept change in Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives

Date March 2011 Client Vagaru holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Sh. Vagaru Project Component Resort development at Sh. Vagaru Contact Number Dilip Kumar, Finance Controller- Projects, 333 9992 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA INITAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION For the proposed convention centre at Hithadhoo Date January 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hithadhoo, Addu City Project Component Development of the convention centre at Hithadhoo for the SAARC Summit Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date January 2011 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the Coastal involvements Component

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 15

Name of the EIA SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport

Date November 2010 Client GMR Malé International Airport Private Limited Location Malé International Airport, Hulhule Project Component Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport Contact Number P. Sripathy, Managing Director +918040432000 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Thudufushi Resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives Date June 2010 Client Voyages Maldives Location ADh. Thudhufushi Project Component Resort development Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT For the Proposed 1000 houses in Hulhumale, Maldives Date May 2010 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hulhumale, Project Component Housing Contact Number Ahmed Saleem, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the redevelopment of Moofushi resort Date June 2009 Client Constance Hotels and Resorts, Mauritius Location Moofushi island resort, Alif Dhaal Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Moofushi resort Contact Number Constance Hotels and Resorts Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including helping clients develop the project involvements concept including guiding the architects in locating of new structures, jetties.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Date May 2009 Client Handy Industries Pvt Ltd Location Hulhumalé Project Component Water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Contact Number Hassan Saeed, Project Manger, Director, 7774888 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Voyages Maldives Location Athuruga Island Resort Project Component Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 16

Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the poject

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the the Development of a Boat Yard and Slipway at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives Date April 2009 Client Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Location Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Development of a boat yard Contact Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the project

Name of the EIA INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION for the proposed construction of a jetty joining Thulusdhoo and Thulusdhoo - Huraagandu, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives

Date February 2009 Client Thulusdhoo Island council Location Thulusdhoo Project Component Construction of a jetty Contact Number Mohamed, 645553 Nature of my EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed modification for the original development concept in Hadahaa island, Gaafu Alif Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Driftwood Maldives Location Hadaha, Gaa Alif Atoll Project Component Concept change for the originally developed concept. Contact Driftwood Maldives Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project. involvements

Social and Environmental Impact Assessment for the setup of a drinking water supply network in Thinadhoo, Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives; September 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing.

Environmental Impact assessment for the redevelopment of Bolifushi resort, South Male’ Atoll; August 2008 EIA consultant for data collection and Marine environmental surveys and preparation of marine survey findings.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Refurbishment of Adaaran Club Rannaalhi, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives; April 2008. Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Restoration of Beach at Royal Island Resort and Spa, March 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Redevelopment of Vaadhoo Island resort, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives, March 2008 Lead EIA Consultant for the project.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Hirilandhoo Island, Thaa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 17

Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Mathiveri Island, Alif Alif Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Kendhoo Island, Baa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Makunudhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Ungoofaaru Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Manadhoo Island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the redevelopment of Lily Beach Resort, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (June 2007) Lead EIA Consultant for data collection including bathymetric surveys and report writing.

Projects, programmes, research or activities participated in or contributed to

Workshop on Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance (April 29 –1st May, 2007, Khulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaal atoll) Managing and leading the workshop. Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work.

Bathymetric Survey of Emboodhoo Finolhu Island (Taj Exotica Resort), South Male’ Atoll, Maldives (April 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s northern lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS.

Bathymetric Survey of Olhuveli Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives (30-31 March 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS. Survey also include identifying and mapping coral patches, specific shallow and deep areas and other ecosystems such as sand banks within the lagoon system.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Noonu atoll Kudafaree, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Meemu Dhiggaru, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Gaafu Dhaal Dhaandhoo, Maldives (March 2007)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 18

Data collection for the IEA including noise and particulate matter levels during peak and off peak hours. Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Laamu Dambidhoo, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of an IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Groundwater assessment of Noonu Atoll Manadhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

Groundwater assessment of Raa atoll Ungoofaaru, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Daalu atoll Meedhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters. Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Laamu atoll Dambidhoo, Maldives (Dec 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Naridhoo island, Haa Alif atoll, Maldives (Dec 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

Shoreline survey of Cocoa Palm island Resort, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line, vegetation line, high tide line, reef line and the extent of erosion. Setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Survey of Royal Island Resort and Spa, Baa atoll, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Addendum to EIA for the resort development in Noonu Maavelaavaru, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Vaavu Felidhoo, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the redevelopment of villivaru resort in Male’ Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island including, broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon and reef extent .

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Medhafushi island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using differential GPS and echosounder.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Gaakoshibi island, Maldives (Sep 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Vagaru island, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives (Aug 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes. Broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon.

Bathymetric survey of Giraavaru Island resort, Male’ atoll, Maldives (June 2006) Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder. Mapping the limits of the reef line.

Mapping and bathymetric survey of Halaveli Island resort, Alif atoll, Maldives (May 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including the islands existing coastal infrastructure and entrance channel. Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder.

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (May 14 - 16, 2006, Meemu atoll)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 19

Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (Jan, 2006, Raa atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Mapping newly renovated Olhuveli Island resort and spa, South Male’ atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including newly reclaimed land mass.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Seenu Villingilli, Maldives (March 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes.

Mapping and baseline groundwater survey of Kurendhoo Island in Lhaviyani atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the entire island including shore and vegetation line and setting up GIS base maps for water quality for a sewerage system design.

Erosion study for Royal Island Resort and Spa, Maldives (February 2006) Baseline data collection and assessment of the coastal aspects of the study. Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring erosion.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Maafushi island’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Guraidhoo’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment .

EIA of Viligilimathidahura reclamation and development, Maldives (October 2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna and socio- economic impacts.

EIA of the Fourth Power Project for STELCO (August 2005) Assessment and reporting of the health impacts of the project.

EIA of Boduhithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Kudahithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Maavelavaru Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Kalhufahalafushi Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial and water quality aspects.

EIA of Alidhoo Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Horizon Fisheries Complex, Laamu Atoll, Maldives(2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the marine and beach water quality, land contamination and coastal aspects.

EIA of Lonudhoohutaa Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater and rainwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater status in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 20

Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in two islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater in selected islands of Laamu atoll, Maldives (Jan 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands

Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives (27-29 October 2002). Local Consultant for CDE Pvt Ltd. International Workshop on Environmental Management and Sustainable Tourism 27-29 October, Paradise Island, Maldives. Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives given at the workshop held jointly by Villa Hotels and International Finance Cooperation. The aim of the workshop was to adopt Environmental Management Systems at Villa Hotels.

Publicity campaign for the First Regional Development Project, Maldives (March 29 - 30, 2002). Local Consultant for Business and Financial Services (BFS) Pvt Ltd. Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution, Waste management with special emphasis on the first regional development project in the Maldives and environmental protection, especially wetlands and their relationship to groundwater.

Workshop on Drinking Water safety and sanitation (Jan 14 - 18, 2002) Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution. Workshop held to provide information to the community and school children at A.dh Dhangethi island, Dhaal Ribudoo Island, Meemu Muli and Vaavu Keyodhoo Island, Maldives

Workshop on Water and Sanitation (Jan 5 - 7, 2002) Presentation on Environmental protection given at the Workshop held to provide information to leaders of islands, teachers, health workers in Ari Atoll, Maldives A.dh Mahibadhoo, Maldives

Comparative Study on Indoor Air pollution (Nov 28-Dec 2, 2001) Assessment of the status of Indoor air pollution in Addu Atoll, Maldives to compare data with Male’, conducted by Ministry of Health, Maldives

Joint ground water research of Maamigili island, Maldives (October 20, 2001) Ground water quality assessment survey of the island of Maamigilli island in Ari Atoll, Maldives conducted by MWSA, Maldives.

Joint ground water research of Fuvah Mulaku Island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Fuvah Mulah, Maldives Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study by Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Bodu Rehaa island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Bodu Rehaa, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Hithaadhoo Island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Hithaadhoo Island in Baa Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment research. Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Employment

Director (June 2005 to present) Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, An Environmental Consultancy firm

Research Student (July 2007 to present) Lanka Hydraulics Institute. Currently undertaking part time research in Maldives as part of the research programme.

Senior Environmental Analyst (18 September 2005 – 22 July 2007) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (4 Jan 2005 – 18 September 2005) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Sep 2001 – 24 Feb 2003) Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 21

Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Aug 2000 – Sep 2001) Health Education Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Dec 1999 – Aug 2000) Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

General Secretary (December 1999 – August 2001) Tennis Association of Maldives, Male’, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (Jan 1993 - Feb 1996 ) Planning and Coordination Section, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (1992- December 1995) Soft Tennis Association of Maldives, Male, Maldives

Public Health Officer (May 1993 - Dec 1993) Food Safety and Epidemic Control Section, Department of Public Health, Republic of Maldives

Achievements

NZAID Scholarship, 2003 Awarded a New Zealand Government Scholarship (NZAID) to undertake a Masters programme in Public Health at University of Auckland (2003-2004).

Third place in the photography division (April 2005) Exhibition organized by WHO and Ministry of Health on the occasion of World Health Day

Third Place in the Photography Division (October 2001) First Youth Exhibition, Male’, Maldives Organized by the Youth Center, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Male’, Maldives

Kodak KPAN Black and White Photographer of the year (Jan 1996) Organized by KODAK, 1995, Republic of Maldives

2nd place, in the Advance and Technical Photography Exhibition (October 1995) Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, Male’, Maldives

3rd place, in the Advance and October 1995 Technical Photography Exhibition, Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 22

Participation in seminars, conferences, workshops, short courses and training

Biennial conference and Exhibition of Water Institute of South Africa (WISA) 21-25 May 2006, Durban, South Africa

12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference 15-18 November 2005, New Delhi, India. Presented a Paper of issues of rainwater harvesting in Maldives.

ISO 14000 Advance Training on Environmental Management Systems Auditing 13-18 June 2005, New Delhi, India

Asia Pacific Regional Consultation on water and poverty 22 – 26 September 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Seminar on Forward Thinking Policies of Groundwater Management; Energy, Water Resources and Economic Approaches 2 – 6 September 2002; New Delhi, India

International Training course on “Environmental Sanitation – Solutions and Management” 2 – 12 July 2002, Trivandrum, India

Workshop on Concept and Application of IUCN categories to Protected Areas Nasandhura Palace Hotel, Male’, Maldives, (Nov 7-8, 2001)

Workshop on Facilitation skills 14-18 October 2001, UNICEF/MWSA, Male’, Maldives

Congress of the Asian Soft Tennis Federation, Saga City, Japan, October 2000

Training Workshop on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Male’, Maldives, August 2000

Training Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Bandos Island Resort, April 2000

First Sports Medicine Workshop Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, 11 March 1995, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Techniques of Script – Writing for Educational Radio Programmes UNICEF and Department of Public Health, 10th –14 July 1993, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Production of Health Educational Materials on Family Planning & AIDS Department of Public Health, 29th April 1993, Male’, Maldives

International Coaches Programme, International Tennis Federation, 16th December 1990, Male’, Maldives

Computer and IT Experience

2006 Designing and maintenance of “Budget Maldives” web site. www.budgetmaldives.com

2005 Designing and maintenance of “Water Solutions” web site. www.water-solutions.biz

2003 Designing and maintenance of “Photography of Amu” web site.

www.amooo.com

2003 Designing and development of the Website for Ranveli Resort and Spa in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 23

www.ranveli.com.mv

2003 Designing and maintenance of the first Website for an atoll in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.shaviyani.gov.mv

2002 Development of an incident database for Department of Civil Aviation, Maldives Jointly developed with Ahmed Zahid.

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Maldives Surfing Association www.maldivesurf.org.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Hulhumale Development Unit (currently restricted) www.hdu.gov.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Web Foundation. www.web.org.mv

2000-2001 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Tennis Association of Maldives

2000-2001 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Male’, Republic of Maldives (samples available upon request)

2003 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Surfing in Male’, Maldives (samples available upon request)

Other professional work and experience

Organizational skills

2000 Experience in organizing and managing 3 national level tennis tournaments in the year 2000 in Maldives.

Photography

2001 Photography assignment for UNICEF Maldives to photograph the available fruits and vegetables in the Addo atoll region of Maldives.

Most of the photography work for the year 2000 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd.on Maldivian handicrafts

Most of the photography work for the year 2001 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd, Maldives on Historical mosques

Various government photography project experiences

Various other private photography project experiences.

Script writing

2002 Writing video documentary script on Cervical Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 24

2002 Writing video documentary script on Oral Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on TB for a 15 minute educational video Client: Chest Clinic Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Kidney Failure for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Sexually Transmitted Diseases for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Mental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Pap Smear for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Hand Foot and Mouth Disease for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Food Safety for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Environmental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

Video and Film making

2001 One hour film on the first body boarding championship “National Varunulaa Challenge” held in Male’, August 2001.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 25

Miscellaneous

November 2000 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 4th Asian Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives won the 3rd place in the team consolation event) 1-5 November 2000 Saga City, Japan

May 2000 Manager Maldives Tennis Team participating in the Sri Lankan National Junior Hard Court Tennis Championship Colombo, Sri Lanka

January 2000 Manager Maldives Junior Tennis Team participating in the ITF under 18 Junior Ranking Tournament Colombo, Sri Lanka

October 1995 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 10th World Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives was the champion in the team consolation event) Gifu City, Japan

October 1992 Player / Manager The 2nd Asian Soft Tennis Championship Oct 21-24 Jakarta, Indonesia

Referees

Mr.Brent Powis Director WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Sydney, Australia

Tel: 02 4570 1660 Fax: 02 4570 1660 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Navi Litidamu Lecturer and Department Head Department of Environmental Health Fiji School of Medicine Suva, Fiji

Mr. Ahmed Jameel Consultant, Environment Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd Male’ Maldives

Signed: ______Date: ______

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 2016 March 07 26

Curriculum Vitae of Environmental Consultant

1. POSITION : Junior Environmental Consultant

2. NAME : Abdulla Fazeel

3. CONTACT DETAILS H. Gurus Muithoshi Goalhi Male’ Maldives Mobile:+(960) 9669483

4. DATE OF BIRTH : 25th January 1995

5. NATIONALITY : Maldivian

6. EDUCATION : Bachelor of Marine Science

James Cook University, Australia 2017 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level Edexcel Examinations, HSC Examinations 2013 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level University of Cambridge International Examinations, SSC Examinations 2010

8. OTHER TRAINING

7. LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF Speaking Writing Reading PROFICIENCY : English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

8. MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES : -

9. COUNTRIES OF WORK EXPERIENCE : Maldives

10. EMPLOYMENT RECORD :

FROM: July 2013 To: November 2013 EMPLOYER Elections Commission POSITION HELD AND Administrative Office DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Voter Registration

FROM: January 2014 To: November 2014 EMPLOYER Marine Research Center POSITION HELD AND Assistant Research Officer DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Grouper and Aquarium fish Proforma entry Assist with lab and Maniyafushi field station work

FROM: 18th February 2018 To: Present EMPLOYER Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. POSITION HELD AND Junior Environmental Consultant DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Undertake field surveys required for environmental studies, development and monitoring. Preparing EIA and environmental monitoring reports.

Page (1)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

-

CERTIFICATION:

I, THE UNDERSIGNED, confirm that:

(i) To the best of my knowledge, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications, and my experience (ii) I have given my full consent to be included in this Proposal (iii) I am available for the assignment as indicated/scheduled in this Proposal.

Abdulla Fazeel

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25 Annex: EIA submission letter to atoll council

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