Masaryk University Brno Faculty Of
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MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Podcasts and their use in education Bachelor thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: Mgr. Pavla Buchtová Oliver Koštejn Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, s využitím pouze citovaných literárních pramenů, dalších informací a zdrojů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Brno, 30. března 2018 ……………………….. Oliver Koštejn Aknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Mgr. Pavla Buchtová, for her helpful advice and the right amount of scepticism and encouragement. Additionally, many thanks to my family and friends, for moral support, patience and love, especially during the trying times of my studies. Thank you, Oliver Annotation The focus of this thesis is on the medium of podcasting. The thesis analyses podcasts in terms of the evolution of the medium, describes the variations in form and content while providing examples, acknowledges its advantages and disadvantages and maps the current state of its popularity and general awareness. The last chapter aims to provide proof of the potential podcasts present as a supplementary teaching material and its value in use as input for language acquisition. Keywords: podcasting, podcast, media, audio drama, language acquisition, spoken word, audio Anotace Tato práce se zabývá médiem podcastingu. Práce analyzuje podcasty z hlediska evoluce media, popisuje rozdíly ve formě i v obsahu za pomoci příkladů, věnuje pozornost výhodám i nevýhodám média a vykresluje nynější stav jeho popularity a místa v obecném povědomí. Poslední kapitola se věnuje doložení potenciálu, který podcasty představují z hlediska jejich využití jako dodatečného materiálu k výuce a jako forma vstupu pro osvojování jazyka. Klíčová slova: podcasting, podcast, média, rozhlasové hry, osvojování jazyka, mluvené slovo, audio Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 7 2 Podcasting as a medium ............................................................................... 8 2.1 Evolution of podcasting ............................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Beginnings (1991 - 2004) ...................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Making podcasting approachable (2004 – 2006) ................................................ 11 2.1.3 Monetization (2006 – 2014) ................................................................................ 13 2.1.4 The Golden Age (2014 – present) ....................................................................... 15 2.2 Podcasting in mainstream .......................................................................................... 16 2.3 Types of podcasts ....................................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Audio podcasts .................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Enhanced podcasts .............................................................................................. 19 2.3.3 Video podcasts .................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Statistics ..................................................................................................................... 21 3 Content varieties ......................................................................................... 23 3.1 News and politics ....................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Technology and IT ..................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Comedy ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 Art and culture ........................................................................................................... 26 3.5 Sports ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.6 Lifestyle ..................................................................................................................... 27 3.7 Educational ................................................................................................................ 28 3.8 Storytelling ................................................................................................................. 29 3.9 Audio drama .............................................................................................................. 30 4 Use in education .......................................................................................... 33 4.1 Podcasts as teaching material .................................................................................... 33 4.2 Language acquisition through podcasts ..................................................................... 35 5. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 41 1 Introduction Podcasting is a term that has come to existence fourteen years ago and is a combination of words broadcasting and iPod (a personal portable media player made by the company Apple, Inc.), a portmanteau name created by the journalist Ben Hammersley in his article Why Online Radio is Booming. In the current time of fast evolution of new technologies and trends, fourteen years is a significant portion of time, however in its relatively long life, podcasting remains widely unknown among the general population. While there are valid reasons for its lack of popularity, there is a great potential in this medium, not only in the field of entertainment or art, but also as an educational tool as well as a news source. I discovered podcasts through the Welcome to Night Vale audio drama in 2013. I chose the topic of podcasting for my thesis because podcasts became a part of my everyday life. However, in the five years of my awareness of the medium, I have met only a very small number of people familiar with podcasts and even smaller number of those that actually listen or subscribe to them. Additionally, I have not come across any podcast use in education in the four years of my university studies, not to mention my previous studies. In my opinion, this is a shame, since from my experience with the shows they can improve the listener’s creativity, knowledge and use of English language and pronunciation, provide interesting information and be as entertaining as books and movies, if not more. 7 2 Podcasting as a medium As is stated above, podcast is mainly considered to be a medium. An average consumer does not care as much about the medium itself as he cares about the content. The medium is only a way of getting the information or data from the producer to the consumer. However, various media have their own limitations which on themselves affect the produced content. This thesis is primarily focused on the content, but to correctly explain podcasting and its advantages, it has to cover the technical aspect of podcast as well as its history. The term itself is ambiguous in the sense of what it actually refers to. Podcast can mean the medium, but the shows are called podcasts as well. Additionally, it is also possible to refer to the individual episodes as podcasts. I will try to keep the meaning of the word clearly understandable from the context. 2.1 Evolution of podcasting The birth of podcasting was made possible by the quickly improving technology in the fields of broadcasting, personal audio players and IT. Providing the technology and software necessary for their creation and use was only the beginning of the still ongoing evolution of this new medium. The internet in its current form is very different from the internet in the early 2000s, and with its evolution as a platform for content creation of all forms, freedom of speech, building communities and connecting the whole world, the podcasting scene had to change as well. While podcasting started out predominantly as a hobby or a way of recording a journal and sharing opinions with a small group of people, in 2018 many podcast creators produce their shows as a main source of income and many shows have hundreds of thousands of fans eager to hear another episode. To understand the evolution, this chapter focuses on the history of the medium, mapping the key moments and events that formed podcasting into its current state. 2.1.1 Beginnings (1991 - 2004) Radio has been around approximately since the 1920s and has been the most popular and reliable way of getting audio content to the listener in a scheduled manner. However, with Internet, a completely new way of sharing information has been born. Multicast networks 8 provided the possibility of distributing audio and video files. After the invention of World Wide Web in 1991, a multicast network called MBone was one of the first to transfer audio talk programs this way (Lewis, “BUSSINESS TECHNOLOGY”). In 1993, Internet Talk Radio, the first internet radio was founded by Carl Malamud, which gave start to a whole new way of radio production while maintaining the form of a conventional radio