Pompallier House Historic Reserve Reserve Management Plan: 2013
Final Version, September 2013
Elizabeth Cox Bay Heritage Consultants Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Purpose of this plan 3 1.2 Time period for this plan 3 1.3 Location of the reserve 4 1.4 Legal description 5 1.5 Names 6 1.6 Pompallier site 6 1.7 Physical description 8 1.8 Statements of significance 9
Chapter 2: Context of Reserve 12 2.1 Acquisition and reserve gazettal 12 2.2 Management overview 12 2.3 Summary of other plans 13 2.4 Tangata whenua issues 13 2.5 Reserves Act 1977 14 2.6 Historic Places Act 1993 16 2.7 Resource Management Act 1991 and District Plan 18 2.8 Building Act 2004 23 2.9 NZ Archaeological Association Recorded Sites 23 2.10 ICOMOS 23 2.11 Relationships with other public spaces in the area 24 2.12 Relationships with other properties managed by the NZHPT 24
Chapter 3: NZHPT Vision and Management Aims 25 3.1 Vision 25 3.2 Management Aims 25
Chapter 4: Policies 30 4.1 Overall purpose and principles 30 4.2 Giving effect to Treaty principles 31 4.3 Statutory obligations 32 4.4 Plans 33 4.5 Protection and conservation 34 4.6 Public access and usage 36 4.7 Involvement with communities of interest and other agencies 39 4.8 Interpretation 40 4.9 Research, information and records 41 4.10 Heritage collections 42 4.11 New constructions and development 43 4.12 Acquisition, relinquishment and agreements transferring real property rights 44
Chapter 5: Bibliography 45
2 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Purpose of this plan The purpose of this plan is to govern the control and management of the Pompallier House Historic Reserve by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT). The NZHPT were appointed to control and manage one part of the reserve on behalf of the Crown in 1967; the reserve was enlarged in later years. This plan is a statutory document that is required by the Reserves Act 1977 and has been prepared in accordance with section 41 of the Reserves Act 1977. Section 41(3) of the Act sets out the purpose of a reserve management plan as being to: provide for and ensure the use, enjoyment, maintenance, protection, and preservation, as the case may require, and, to the extent that the administering body's resources permit, the development, as appropriate, of the reserve for the purposes for which it is classified. In the case of Pompallier, it was classified as a Historic Reserve. This means that section 18 of the Act applies, and that the management of the reserve must be done: For the purpose of protecting and persevering in perpetuity such places, objects and natural features, and such things thereon or therein contained as are of historic, archaeological, cultural, education and other special interest This section states that the administration of a Historic Reserve must ensure that: - the structures, objects, and sites illustrate with integrity the history of New Zealand; - the public have freedom of entry and access to the reserve (subject to conditions, including the right to charge admission fees, and in order to protect the reserve or visitors) - where other features (e.g. scenic, biological, geological etc) features exist on the reserve, those features are managed in a way that is compatible with the main purpose of the reserve - its value as a soil, water and forest conservation area should be maintained - indigenous flora and fauna should be preserved as far as possible.1 Therefore, in summary, this plan will set out the ways in which the NZHPT will manage the Pompallier House Historic Reserve to ensure the ‘use, enjoyment, maintenance, protection, and preservation … and… development’ of the reserve. The plan will note, where necessary, where the status quo is to be maintained, as well as where changes are envisioned.
1.2 Time period for this plan The Reserves Act does not specify what period of time a Reserve Management Plan is to cover. Section 43(4) of the Act states that the management body should keep the plan in continuous review, in order to adapt to changing circumstances. The Minister of Conservation can also request a review if s/he thinks it necessary. Therefore, the NZHPT has decided that this plan will cover ten years, but will be reviewed as necessary, when
1 See section 18 of the Reserves Act for exact wording.
3 significant changes are to be implemented, and will be checked every two years to consider whether it needs to be reviewed.
1.3 Location of the reserve The Pompallier House Historic Reserve is located on The Strand in Russell, Bay of Islands, Northland. The reserve is accessed by legal road (The Strand) that runs along the foreshore from Russell township, at the southern end of Kororāreka Bay. While there is some vehicle access on this road, it is largely used as a pedestrian access. A legal Right of Way extends past the reserve to allow private property neighbours to access their properties to the south. Behind the property (to the east) is Department of Conservation reserve land.
Location & extent is shown indicatively only as copied from iwi consultation (I) notes. Pomare's P No recorded archaeology has been obtained MatauwhiRECREATIONAL Bay Recreational RESERVE Reserve
DOC Land
Catholic Church Possible cross boundary community connections Private Property NOTES: 1- P information, Fladgate boundaries, house & tracks all DOC Land taken from DOC Report 22.01.2003 sent to NZHP. 2- Above information is traced over .pdf scanned images so P (Ng re Raumati) are indicative only. Christ Church 3- Exact extent and division of land ownership to Matauwhi Bay Recreational Reserve unknown. 4- Private caravan park proposal could sever the possible links between broader sites 5- Cross boundary interactions need to have suitable Private Property security to prevent willful and unintentional damage of stes
Proposed Caravan Park with Resource POMPALLIER MISSION Consent application submitted Haratu Koror reka Marae Society Te Maiki Hill A strong relationship exists between sites
Koror reka Museum
POSSIBLE WIDER VISITOR EXPERIENCES Koror reka Russell
Date: 26 July 2011
Level 2 TEL: 64 4 802 5444 Pompallier Mission Masterplan Job No.: 1730 74 Cuba St FAX: 64 4 802 5446 P.O. Box 11-517 www.studiopacific.co.nz incl. Clendon Cottage and hillside Wahi Tapu Wellington, NZ email: [email protected] C 30 4 Location of Pompallier Reserve, and other features of interest in Russell township in its vicinity. The bottom map is taken from Sheet C30, Studio of Pacific Architecture, Pompallier Master Plan, 2011
1.4 Legal description The Pompallier House Historic Reserve is a Crown property comprising 1.8379 hectares. It is comprised of three lots: Allotment 13 SO56002 (Section 13 Town of Russell) - 4,362m2 Part Lot 1, DP 29544 - 5,062m2 Area A, SO 67497 (Part Allotment 14 Lot 13 Town of Russell) - 8,955m2 It is a Historic Reserve in terms of Section 18 of the Reserves Act 1977, and the New Zealand Historic Places Trust has been appointed as the administering body to control and manage these sections as one reserve (the three sections were added to the reserve at different times, as set out in section 2.1 below). The first legal title listed above contains the printery building and its surrounding gardens and orchards, plus Clendon Cottage and its surrounding gardens, and three small outbuildings. The second contains what is known today as the Stephenson Hillside. The third contains what is known today as the Clendon Hillside (and includes part of Te Keemua pa site).
30 Pt Allot 14 30 DP SO56002
35 (Historic Reserve & Recreation Purposes)
Section 13 Town of Russell 45 Bench Seat 40 Water Tank
Lot2 DP 56147
30
Private Property Pt Lot 1 35 DP29544 (Historic Reserve)
2 Thought to be a former fenceline as 5,062.5 m 30 25 shown in 1890 Wheeler plan. Traced over (0.5 ha.) .pdf scanned image from Clough & Assoc. Feb 2011 Report
25 Lot1 DP 56147 20 Pt Allot 5 Area A DP 3691 Private property 20 SO 67497 (Historic Reserve)
15 8,989.8 m2 (0.9 ha.) 45
10
Lot2 DP 150108
Water Tank
Red Shed
Printery 10 40
Gardeners Shed Allotm 13 SO 56002 (Historic Reserve & Historic Water Tank 35 Purposes)
5 Section 13 Town of Russell
5 Clendon 30 Cottage 4,363.1 m2 5
Lot 2 (0.44 ha.) 25 DP 197707
Gatehouse
15 5
R.O.WR.O.W
EXISTING SITE AREA Taken from Sheet C26, Studio of Pacific Architecture, Pompallier Master Plan, 2011
Date: 26 July 2011 Level 2 TEL: 64 4 802 5444 Pompallier Mission Masterplan Job No.: 1730 74 Cuba St FAX: 64 4 802 5446 P.O. Box 11-517 www.studiopacific.co.nz incl. Clendon Cottage and hillside Wahi Tapu Wellington, NZ email: [email protected] C 26
5 1.5 Names The nomenclature Pompallier House Historic Reserve is the legal gazetted name for the reserved land controlled and managed by the NZHPT. As a result, this is the name used as in the title for this plan. However, ‘Pompallier House’ is now recognised as an inadequate description of the site, or even the building. These words reflect a now out-of-date understanding of Pompallier, and do not reflect the multiple uses of the site, or indeed even its original use. Furthermore, this plan covers much more than just the ‘House’ (now know as the Printery building), covering as it does the printery, the garden, Clendon Cottage, multiple outbuildings and the portion of the hillside included under the NZHPT’s control and management. For the purposes of this plan, the name Pompallier is used only to refer to the whole site. When specific buildings are referred to they will be called: - The printery (the building formerly known as Pompallier House) - Clendon Cottage2 (until recently the curator’s cottage) - The Red Shed (a small shed in the orchard area) - The gatehouse (The small octagonal building currently used as visitor reception) - The gardener’s shed In this plan, the garden and landscape spaces are known as: - Greenway/Stephenson Garden (The garden and orchard around the printery ) - Stephenson Hillside (the hillside above the printery) - Clendon Garden (the garden area around Clendon Cottage) - Clendon Hillside (the hillside above Clendon Cottage) The pa site that is included (partly) in the reserve is called Te Keemua pa in this plan. The exact spelling of this name is under discussion.3
1.6 Pompallier site The area now classified as the Pompallier House Historic Reserve was occupied and used by Māori for generations. The reserve includes part of the pa site, Te Keemua, which was occupied around 250 years ago and crucial to the story of Ngare Raumati's withdrawal from the Kororāreka Peninsula in favour of Ngāti Manu in around the early 1700s. Also near the site is Puketutu, Moka’s Seat. Moka was one of the three rangatira Patukeha brothers who occupied Kororāreka after the ‘Girls’ War’ of 1830. Ngāti Manu chief Kiwikiwi sold the land from the southern boundary of the Pompallier printery site (i.e. the hedge line between Pompallier & Clendon Cottage) to what is now Pitt Street in 1827. This was the first land sale in Kororāreka and only the second in New Zealand to a European who was not a missionary. Like all such sales in the early contact period, it was likely to have been done not as a withdrawal of interest in the land, but as a way of building on-going relationships with European settlers.
2 The building known as Clendon Cottage has also been known in the past as ‘Clendon’s House’ (eg. 1862), ‘The Bungalow’ (from 1911), and ‘Pompallier Lodge’ (from 1963). The NZHPT has decided to return the name Clendon Cottage to more accurately reflect the post-restoration status of the building. 3 Studio Pacific Masterplan, pC12
6 The land changed hands several times. In 1839 a thin strip was divided off and sold to French Catholic Bishop Pompallier in 1839, to use as headquarters for his colonial mission to Western Oceania. The mission built a large number of buildings on the small strip site, including a chapel, dwellings and a large industrial building used as a printery for the creation of religious texts and as a tannery. This is the building commonly known as Pompallier today. In 1850, as the mission was disestablished, it became the home and later property of tanner James Callaghan. In 1877 the Greenway family took it over and added the neighbouring property. The mission printery was converted into their family home and, after demolishing most of the mission and all of the neighbouring houses of the 1830s, the Greenways laid out much of the garden seen today. The Stephenson family moved in in 1905 and further developed the gardens and grounds. The New Zealand Government acquired the property in 1943 and undertook alterations to architecture and grounds, including dividing off the hillside section of the property and placing it with Lands & Surveys Department for management. The area containing the printery building was set aside as a reserve for historic purposes in 1967, and the NZHPT appointed to control and manage it.4 The NZHPT undertook research and found that the property's history was misunderstood and that the building and gardens had been previously ‘restored’ to a false version of their history. The NZHPT undertook major conservation work on the printery in 1990-93, restoring the printery to its form of the 1840s as a mission factory, and the gardens, orchard and Stephenson Hillside to their late 19th/early 20th century origins. In 1976 neighbouring Clendon Cottage was added to the reserve. The Patukeha chief Rewa had sold the land in 1833. The first building on the site was in existence in 1833 but it is unclear whether any part of that building remains, or whether it was entirely replaced during James Reddy Clendon’s ownership. It is likely that on completion or very early in its existence it was a store and dwelling. The building then performed exclusively as a dwelling from as early as the late 1840s until as late as 1890. From 1890 until 1976 it served as a boarding house (latterly as a hotel/motel). In 1911 it was named ‘The Bungalow’, and kept this name until 1963 when new owners renamed it ‘Pompallier Lodge’. In 1971 Pompallier Lodge Limited applied for consent to construct a large apartment block on the site. As a result of a public outcry, the government initiated a compulsory purchase of the property to protect the setting of Pompallier next door. This purchase was completed in 1976. The Government appointed the NZHPT to manage Clendon Cottage property as part of the Pompallier House Historic Reserve. The NZHPT decided to restore Clendon Cottage and its setting back to a form typical of the period circa-1900, with a view to it being used as accommodation by the curator of Pompallier, with visitor access to the front two rooms on the ground floor. An accommodation annexe, motel block and two additions to the cottage were demolished. Following changes from the use of the holding as a boarding house and holiday accommodation and the ‘restoration’ of the building, around 5% of the orginial fabric of the building now remains. The Pompallier curator did not move into Clendon Cottage until late 1981.5 In 1994 the areas containing the Stephenson and Clendon hillsides were added to the reserve.
4 The details of the acquisition and gazettal are given in more detail in the next chapter. 5 These two paragraphs are based on Jonathan Howard, Conservation Plan: Clendon Cottage (The Bungalow), 2010, Chapter One
7 1.7 Physical description The Printery building is a large two-storey structure, with an additional attic space, with a design and construction that clearly shows its French origins. It has a distinctive hipped roof and a rammed earth (pisé de terre) lower storey and timber framed upper floor with earth panels (pan de bois). The material for the earth construction came from earth dug on site, plus sand and rock from nearby. The attic is wood framed with a timber roof and dormer windows. The building is lime plastered inside and out and largely lime washed. In order to protect the earth construction, the building has neither fire sprinkler system nor electricity. Fire protection is placed around the exterior of the building. The building has no guttering system; rainwater drains off the roof directly into gravel around the building perimeter. The building was fully restored in a major project in the 1990s, and is in good condition. Printery Building
The garden around the printery (known as the Greenway/Stephenson garden) has been fully restored, based on the garden’s layout when Pompallier was a residential building during the late 19th and early 20th centuries (i.e. not what it looked liked when the Marist mission was located there). Large hedges, behind a white picket fence, block the views of the garden from The Strand. There are a number of large trees in the garden, and an orchard, Remains of Marist Chapel and it is a Victorian-style garden with extensive plantings. Within this garden are a number of outbuildings, all constructed fairly recently: what is known as the Red Shed (based on the model of a Stephenson shed); an octagonal gatehouse at the corner of the property, which contains the NZHPT visitor reception, and a garage that was recently converted into a gardener’s shed. Also within the garden are a flagpole and the archaeological remains of various buildings, including the original Marist chapel. Clendon Cottage stands to the southwest of Pompallier. It is the last structure at the southern end of Kororāreka Beach and The Strand. It is set back from the road and is nestled against the hill. The front gate to the cottage is in the centre of a picket fence backed with a high hedge; between that and the front door is a large expanse of lawn. There is also a small enclosed garden at the north end of Clendon Cottage. Clendon Cottage
8 A hillside rises steeply up behind the printery and Clendon Cottage. The hillside is known today as the Stephenson and the Clendon Hillsides, due to their different histories, and they are still divided by wire fence that marks the 1827 boundary. The hillside has recently been cleared of noxious species of flora, including large trees, and is being replanted in native species of plants and trees. Therefore the physical appearance of the hillside has changed significantly in recent months. There are remains of a pa site, Te Keemua, on the top of this hill. Only part of this pa is contained Printery building with hillside within the area that the NZHPT manages. The area has clearly visible earthworks, including trenches and ditches. There are various other archaeological remains on the hillsides (not all of which remain visible).6 To the side of Clendon Cottage is the Marist quarry site, where stone was taken and crushed for the building of the printery, and the vehicle turn-around area. A right of way passes through this turn-around area, to private land beyond.
Turn Around Area
1.8 Statements of significance7 Māori heritage significance The property was occupied and used by Māori for some centuries. The hillside includes part of Te Keemua pa site. Ngāti Manu chief Kiwikiwi sold the ‘main’ part of the Pompallier reserve in 1827 to its first European owner. By the time of Bishop Pompallier's ownership, Patukeha chiefs Wharerahi, Rewa and Moka held mana whenua. The Stephenson hillside is a close neighbour to Puketutu, Moka's seat. Pompallier the man had a particularly close relationship with Rewa, Moka and other leading chiefs of the Confederation of Tribes. Māori were actively involved with the mission, and a number of buildings on site built specifically for Māori. Māori visited the mission from across New Zealand. Missionaries were dispatched from this mission across New Zealand and the Pacific. As Catholic mission headquarters at the time of Treaty-making and subsequent war, relationships with Māori extended across Northland and indeed across both islands of New Zealand. Relationships
6 For archaeological information on Pompallier, see Clough and Associates, Pompallier House Historic Reserve: Archaeological Assessment for Conservation Plan, 2011 7 This is largely taken from work completed by Johnnie Edmonds, and was written with significant assistance from Stuart Park, Kate Martin and Sherry Reynolds. The statements in relation to Clendon Cottage are largely taken from the Statements of Significance given in Howard, Chapter 4
9 with Hokianga, Whangaroa and Mangakahia (in Northland) and Tuwharetoa and Whanganui Catholic Māori today are especially strong. As well as having significance to Catholic Māori, this is New Zealand's only surviving colonial printery and represents the introduction of technologies, print culture and literacy to Māori, as well as part of the Māori language survival story. The flagpole is thought to be originally part of the Pou Kara, Te Kotahitanga-a-nga-Iwi-e-Rua, on Maiki Hill. The cottage now known as Clendon Cottage has a strong connection to Māori through Jane Cochrane (the daughter of Takatowai Te Whata of Hokianga) and her husband James Reddy Clendon. Their first children were born in the cottage, meaning that the cottage retains a strong connection to the people of the Hokianga. Clendon was a magistrate in the Native Court and resolved many Pakeha-Māori disputes.8 The Gaveaux press, originally used by the French mission, was later used by the Kingitanga to print their newspaper, Te Paki o Matariki and Te Arikinui Tawhiao's proclamations. Returned to Pompallier Mission courtesy of Te Arikinui Dame Te Ataairangi Kaahu, it is still owned by the Kingitanga. Social significance/importance to the local community The printery has been a Bay of Islands landmark since it was first built. Local Māori and Pakeha families are related through whakapapa or other associations. The reserve provides local employment and attracts visitors to Russell and the Bay of Islands. Architectural value and significance The printery is one of New Zealand’s earliest surviving buildings. Designed by New Zealand's first resident architect Louis Perret and built of pisé de terre, the printery building is distinctly French and architecturally unique amongst our other few surviving colonial buildings - in Australia as well as New Zealand. It is also New Zealand's only surviving colonial printery and tannery. The NZHPT's 1990-93 conservation work set a new benchmark for NZHPT conservation standards, won international recognition and was a key factor in the foundation of ICOMOS New Zealand. Although only around 5% of original or early fabric of Clendon Cottage has survived, it nonetheless makes a significant contribution to the vernacular architectural language of Russell. Of most significance now is that found on the exterior of the ground floor, particularly on the front elevation. The aesthetic values inherent in the existing cottage are recognizable and reinforce the character of Russell. Significance to local, regional, national and international history As one of New Zealand's oldest buildings, part of the Treaty/founding story of our country and today's sole surviving representative of the introduction of print culture and literacy to New Zealand, the Pompallier printery building is recognised as one of our country's iconic buildings. It is clearly important to the history of Kororāreka Russell, and the printery is one of only two buildings that can be readily identified from the earliest pictorial records of the town. As the sole remaining building of the first Catholic mission headquarters in Western Oceania, Pompallier has significance across the Pacific as well as to Lyon, France, Rome and Catholic pilgrims from around the world. As sole survivor of all their original outlying stations in the
8 Jack Lee, ‘James Reddy Clendon’, Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, updated 3 June 2013, http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1c19/clendon-james-reddy
10 mission field for the then-newly-formed Catholic Order, the Society of Mary, Pompallier has real significance to the Marists, now a global order. The cultural significance of Clendon Cottage comprises its associations with figures significant to the history of New Zealand and Russell, particuarily James Reddy Clendon and his wife Jane Cochrane; its reflection of the changing history of Russell, first as a residence, then as a boarding house, and as a focal point for Russell’s growing self awareness of its own heritage and aesthetic character. The compulsory acquisition came directly from the Russell community’s actions, and led on to national changes in perceptions and management of heritage, incuding New Zealand’s first by-laws to create a Heritage Precinct and changes in the Historic Places Act 1980 to include Heritage Areas. The 1990s conservation project was of further importance in this regard and led directly to the formation of ICOMOS New Zealand. The carefully researched and restored colonial gardens add to the property's significance - its layout and mix of native and introduced plants reflects Victorian sensibilities and the Bay's history as New Zealand’s first major world port. Archaeological significance From the physical remnants of the pa above to the printery and gardens below, the reserve holds archaeological remains from pre-European occupation, from the period of first contact between Māori and Europeans, through to the present day. Archaeological investigation to date has documented the mission tannery and chapel and uncovered the Greenway demolition midden of 1877. Significantly, archaeology above the ground has informed both conservation and interpretation of the printery - one of, if not the, first such investigations in New Zealand. There are still a number of significant sites within the reserve yet to be properly investigated. Important collection items Important collection items include original Catholic mission Māori-language books printed and bound here; and watercolour portraits of Māori on the mission, painted here in 1847 by mission priest Leopold Verguet. Other significant items include the Gaveaux press (on loan), the pieta, broken altar stone and mummified rats found during archaeological investigation, and various pieces of Greenway & Stephenson furniture and chattels. Recreation value In addition to the hands-on experiences and stories offered in the 1840s printery building, the fully restored garden, orchard and hillside provide visitors with opportunities for further exploration and relaxation. The Stephenson hillside, an early colonial revival landscape, provides added value to the more energetic, while current plans for developing part of the Clendon hillside, as well as upgrading interpretation throughout, will again extend the recreational value of the Reserve.
11 Chapter 2: Context of Reserve
This chapter sets out the context in which the reserve sits. Some of this context comes from the legislative and policy framework of the reserve, but also comes from its location, history, past management decisions, and communities of interest. As far as possible, this chapter also attempts to list the implications of these issues of context.
2.1 Acquisition and reserve gazettal The government acquired the section that contains the Pompallier printery in 1943, from the executors of Mildred Stephenson.9 The land was ‘set apart for historic purposes’ in 1967 under the Reserves and Domains Act 1953, and in the same year the NZHPT was appointed to control and manage it.10 In 1976 the area containing Clendon Cottage was compulsorily acquired under the Public Works Act, and added to the reserve.11 The NZHPT took over its management in the same year. In 1978 a new reserve was created in the Bay of Islands called the Bay of Islands Maritime and Historic Park. In 1982 the NZHPT’s right to control and manage the Clendon Hillside was revoked in favour of this park, and the status was changed from a historic reserve to a recreation reserve.12 At the same time, the section containing (in part) the Stephenson Hillside was vested in the same park. In 1983, the reserve was reclassified under the new Reserves Act 1977 as a Historic Reserve. A Gazette notice declared that the reserve is to be known as the ‘Pompallier House Historic Reserve’ in 1984, and the NZHPT was reappointed to control and manage it, under the new Act, in the same year.13 In 1994 the reserve classifications for the sections containing the two hillsides titles were changed once again, from recreation reserve to historic reserve, and they were added to the Pompallier House Historic Reserve.14 Under the Reserves Act, the reserve remains in the ownership of the Crown, and some decisions, such as in relation to real property rights (including concessions), and building new buildings on the reserve, ultimately lie with the Minister of Conservation, not the NZHPT or the NZHPT’s controlling Minister. This is set out in more detail in Section 2.5 below.
2.2 Management overview The management objectives, policies and actions included in this Plan have been guided by NZHPT’s role in administering the reserve as per the Reserves Act 1977.
9 Then described as Lot 1, LT Plan 29544, allotment 4 and part allotment 3 of section 13, Town of Russell on Block I, Russell SD. 10 New Zealand Gazette 1967, p858. It was transferred from the management of the Department of Internal Affairs in that year. 11 New Zealand Gazette 1976, p415. 12 New Zealand Gazette 1982, p4183. See also 1982, p3558 13 New Zealand Gazette 1983, p1326; New Zealand Gazette 1984, p4890; New Zealand Gazette 1984, p4890. These 1983 and 1984 notices referred solely to Allotment 13, Section 13, Town of Russell, Block I, Russell Survey District. 14 New Zealand Gazette 1994, p3575
12 As set out below, the NZHPT is allowed under its establishing act, the Historic Places Act 1993, to manage and open historic properties to the public. Since 2007 the day-to-day management of such properties has been done by a team within the NZHPT called the Heritage Destinations Team. There is a Heritage Destinations Manager, Northern, who has ultimate responsibility for Pompallier, along with other properties in Northland and Auckland. This person manages the Property Manager for Pompallier, plus is responsible for some external stakeholder relationships, and manages operating and capital conservation and visitor service projects. The Property Manager, in turn manages a team of people. Together they open the property to visitors, interpret it, ensure the health and safety of visitors and staff, care for the buildings, landscapes, gardens and collections, assist with conservation and visitor service projects, manage most external stakeholder relationships, and many other tasks. Visitor hosts provide guided tours; they are generally on short-term contracts to work over the busy summer period. There are also volunteers working on the property, under the management of the Property Manager.
2.3 Summary of other plans A significant number of plans exist for the reserve – this Reserve Management Plan provides an overview of those plans. As set out in the following chapter, the NZHPT wishes to develop the reserve in a number of ways in the short and medium future; therefore a number of planning documents have been written for the property.
Studio Pacific, Pompallier Master Plan, 2011
Pompallier Reserve Management Plan [this plan]
Jeremy Salmond, Jonathan Howard, Pompallier Project Boffa Miskill, Conservation Plan: Russell: A Plan for Pompallier Gardens Clendon Cottage (The Conservation, 1990 and Grounds Bungalow), 2010 Conservation Plan, 2011 [draft]
2.4 Tangata whenua issues The area of the reserve has a long Māori history, as discussed above. Today, Kororāreka Marae holds the mana whenua for Russell and has been actively involved with Pompallier Mission. Hapū of Te Runanga o Rakaumangamanga ki Taumarere, Whangaroa and Hokianga especially also provide support for key events and mutual promotions, which continue to be built upon.
13 A number of hui have been held recently with the people of Kororāreka Marae and also with others with a connection with Pompallier. In these hui, the following issues were highlighted: • The wider connections between the Pompallier site and the neighbouring land- holdings with respect to the pa sites; • Desires for the way in which Te Keemua pa is managed; • Opportunities for physical acknowledgement of mana whenua through location of poupou; • Opportunities for economic interests may be developed in partnership. The reserve still has very significant connections to te ao Katorika (Catholic) Māori. The management of the reserve would greatly benefit from building upon these connections and heritage. In addition, through the work of the Marists and their printery, the reserve also had huge significance to all Māori through its connection to the history of Te Reo Māori; the NZHPT should continue to nurture and build upon these connections. Implications As noted elsewhere in this plan (section 2.6), Pompallier must be managed in terms of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, which means active involvement of those with mana whenua. The NZHPT must therefore continue to develop effective consultative relationships with all Māori with a connection to the reserve, so that the NZHPT’s management of it is fully informed by appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi and other Māori interests. Most particularly, the relationship with Kororāreka Marae must continue to be built on, and through and with them, other hapū in the area. The NZHPT has, for a number of years, considered increasing access to the Te Keemua pa site. However, at a hui held in Kororāreka Russell in 2011 to consult with local hapū about the 2011 Studio of Pacific Architecture Masterplan draft, concern was expressed about this by representatives of Ngāti Manu and Kororāreka Marae and as a result, the NZHPT has made a commitment to restricting access to the pa site. Another significant implication of the relationship with tanagata whenua is in the interpretation of the site, and the use of any traditional Māori knowledge, which must always be done in consultation with those whānau, hapū and iwi connected to the site. Likewise, the care of taonga and other items of Māori origin must be done in accordance with the tikanga and protocols of the appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi.
2.5 Reserves Act 1977 Since the reserve has been classified as a Historic Reserve, it must be managed in accordance with the Reserves Act. In accordance with the section relating to historic reserves, section 18, the reserve must be managed for the purpose of protecting and preserving in perpetuity such places, objects and natural features, and such things thereon or therein contained as are of historic, archaeological, cultural, education and other special interest. Under the Act, the Minister of Conservation may vest a reserve in an organisation to control and manage; in this case it is the NZHPT. Any use of the reserve that is inconsistent with the classification or purpose of the reserve can lead to the cancellation of the vesting of the reserve by the Minister of Conservation (s27).
14 The Reserves Act allows the administering body to make most day-to-day decisions to do with the reserve, providing they are in keeping with the reserve’s purpose, and with other acts such as the Wildlife Act 1953 and the Historic Places Act 1993. As a Historic Reserve, the administering body has the right to do a number of things under section 58 and 58A of the Act with the reserve: • Appoint staff to manage the reserve; • Set aside part of the reserve for the buildings for accommodation of staff, for buildings necessary for the management of the reserve, or for interpretation, with the permission of the Minister; • Charge fees for admission; • ‘Do other such things as may be considered necessary or desirable for the beneficial management, administration and control of the reserve’; • Lease out part of the reserve (including concessions), provided it is in keeping with the Reserve Management Plan, resource consent is granted, and approval from the Minister of Conservation is given. There are a few issues that the Minister of Conservation is not able to delegate, for example: - The approval of Reserve Management Plans (s41); - Charging of fees for admission or the use of facilities (s58); - The creation of new buildings on the reserve (s58); - The granting of concessions, leases or licences or permission for other people or organisations to carry out activities, trades or businesses on the property (s58A); - The use of the reserve for personal accommodation (s44); - The cutting or destroying of trees or bush (s42); - The change of classification or purpose or revocation of the reserve (s24). Implications of the Reserves Act • The NZHPT considers that the historic and archaeological values of the reserve provide excellent opportunities to illustrate important parts of the history of New Zealand. As a consequence, the Historic Reserve classification and associated principles set out in Section 18 are seen to be appropriate for the future management of the reserve, and no change is suggested in this regard. • Section 41 of the Act requires that the administering body write a Reserve Management Plan within five years of its appointment to manage the reserve, that a consultation process is held and that is it sent to the Minister of Conservation for approval. Once it is approved, it is to be kept under ‘continuous review’, and the management of the reserve must be consistent with the plan. This plan is intended to fufill this requirement. • Section 3 of the Reserves Act requires that, no matter what type of reserve a particular reserve is, it must still be managed in order to ensure ‘as far as possible, the survival of all indigenous species of flora and fauna, both rare and commonplace, in their natural communities and habitats’. This means that the NZHPT must take steps to care for any indigenous flora and fauna on the reserve, and ensure the environment is protected. • The NZHPT is allowed to charge fees for admission to Pompallier, or parts of it, and the use of amenities, as the Minister of Conservation approves (s58). (As far as the author of
15 this report is aware, request for permission to do this as never been made; this permission will therefore be requested). • It is normally the case that the Reserves Act requires that any profits from a reserve be reallocated back to the reserve, and not used for another purpose. The NZHPT, however, has been given the right to apply any profits made at any of the reserves it manages ‘for the purposes of the Historic Places Act 1993’ (s78 (2b) ). • There are particular reporting requirements set out in the Act which are placed on any organisation that manages reserves; these reporting requirements are met on behalf of Pompallier by the NZHPT’s Annual Report. • The NZHPT must ensure that requirements to consult the Minister on any decisions that cannot been delegated to it by the Minister of Conservation (as listed above) are met.
2.6 Historic Places Act 1993 The NZHPT is New Zealand’s leading national historic heritage agency. The work of the NZHPT is governed by the Historic Places Act 1993 (HPA), the purpose of which is ‘to promote the identification, protection, preservation, and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand’. A number of sections of the Act apply to the management of the reserve. Because the NZHPT manages the reserve, these sections exist in addition to the management obligations under the Reserves Act. There are a number of issues that the NZHPT Board cannot delegate to its staff which affect the management of the reserve. In particular these are: - The acquisition or disposal land and property, including real property rights (such as concessions) and collection items; - The approval of conservation plans. There are also certain financial and decision-making delegations issued by the Board on a regular basis, to which the management of the reserve must adhere, which are issued on a regular basis by the Board. Properties The NZHPT manages a portfolio of historic places preserved in the public interest, and on the whole these are open to the public. The NZHPT is given the right to do so in section 54(c) of the HPA which states that the NZPT can ‘acquire, restore, conserve, and manage historic places and historic areas’ and ‘make accessible to the public, charge fees for admission, lease or let, or use for any suitable purpose, any lands or buildings vested in the Trust or under its control’. The management of historic places by the NZHPT contributes to the functions of the NZHPT, including advocating for heritage conservation and protection, fostering public interest and involvement in heritage, and furnishing information and advice. Section 57 of the Act requires that the NZHPT prepare and adopt a ‘Statement of General Policy for the management, administration, control, and use of all historic places owned or controlled by the NZHPT or vested in it’ (known for ease of use in this document as the
16 Statement of General Policy for NZHPT Properties).15 This is a crucial document for the management of NZHPT properties. It provides high-level guidance for the management of all historic places owned or controlled by the NZHPT. It applies to all historic places it lists in section 16; Pompallier is in that list, so therefore any and all management decisions made on the reserve must be made in reference to it. Once adopted by the Board, section 57(6) of the HPA provides that the NZHPT ‘shall not act in any manner inconsistent’ with the Statement, meaning that the objectives and policies listed in it have statutory significance. Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi (s115) Under Section 115(2) of the HPA, the Act must be interpreted and administered to give effect to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.16 This responsibility relates to all of the NZHPT’s work. Therefore, the NZHPT must manage the reserve in a way which will give effect to the principles of the Treaty. A guide to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, as expressed by the Courts and the Waitangi Tribunal, has been published by Te Puni Kōkiri: He Tirohanga ō Kawa 17it e Tiriti o Waitangi (2001). The Treaty principles that were given prominence in that publication are: (1) The principle of partnership, a concept to describe the relationship between the Crown and Māori, from which other principles have been derived including the duty to act reasonably, honourably and in good faith and the duty to make informed decisions; (2) The principle of active protection, a Treaty principle that encompasses the Crown’s obligation to take positive steps to ensure that Māori interests are protected; and (3) The principle of redress, by which the Crown has an obligation to remedy past breaches of the Treaty. Archaeological Provisions (ss.9-19) An archaeological site is defined in the HPA as any place which was associated with human activity that occurred before 1900. The entire reserve can be considered an archaeological site under this definition (not only the areas listed in the NZAA’s site recording scheme). Under Section 10 of the HPA, it is not lawful to ‘destroy, damage or modify’ any archaeological site. Any person wishing to destroy, damage or modify an archaeological site is required to seek an authority from the NZHPT; this process is set out in sections 11-18. Once an archaeological authority is granted by the NZHPT, all the provisions of such the authority must be followed. Registration Under Section 22, the NZHPT is required to establish and maintain a register of historic places, historic areas, wahi tapu and wahi tapu areas. Historic places on the register are required to be divided into two categories. Category I places are of special or outstanding historical or cultural heritage or value while Category II are places of historical or cultural heritage significance or value. The printery and its surrounds are registered as a Category I Historic Place. This registration covers only the legal title of Allotment 13, Section 13. Clendon Cottage is registered as a
15 The current version at the time of writing was adopted by the NZHPT Board in April 2008. This Reserve Management Plan has been written to closely follow the provisions of that document. 16 Likewise, the Reserves Act is linked to the Conservation Act, which also contains a clause which requires adherence to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.
17 Category II Historic Place under the Historic Places Act 1993. This registration covers part of Allotment 13, Section 13, between the southern boundary and the hedge that separates Clendon Cottage from the printery. This means that while the legal area containing the Printery and Clendon Cottage and their gardens is registered, the Clendon and Stephenson Hillsides are not. Implications of the Historic Places Act 1993: • Any management decisions made on the reserve must always be made in adherence to the Statement of General Policy for NZHPT Properties. • The entire reserve can be considered an archaeological site under the definition in the HPA. The NZHPT must therefore always follow the archaeological provisions of the HPA and any archaeological authority, throughout the entire site. • Because, in the case of all properties owned or controlled by the NZHPT, the NZHPT is both the decision maker in terms of the archaeological provisions of the Act, and the ‘client’ applying for the authority, this puts the onus on the NZHPT to act in a manner which is at all times open, rigorous and subject to scrutiny in relation to archaeological authorities. Because the NZHPT is split into a number of different teams, the part of the organisation that manages the properties is quite separate from that which makes and monitors authority decisions; this distinction must always be protected. • While the registration of two historic places within the reserve recognises the heritage significance of these places, in practical terms it does not impact on the management of the site, except in terms of how it feeds into the District Plan (see below). The fact that the two buildings and their surrounds are registered differently does not impact on the approach of the NZHPT, as it aims to set the highest standard in terms of heritage management of the whole site. However, the NZHPT could review the registrations to determine if they could be registered as one registration in the future.
2.7 Resource Management Act 1991 and District Plan As with any land in New Zealand, the reserve must be managed in accordance with the Resource Management Act 1991. The purpose of the Act is to ‘promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources’. The Far North District Council’s Far North District Plan (September 2009) and the Northland Regional Council’s Regional Policy Statement for Northland (1999) sets out the way in which those resources are to be managed in the area which the reserve is located in. The Northland Regional Council’s Regional Policy Statement for Northland identifies as an objective the ‘Protection, and where possible, enhancement of the cultural, historic and amenity values of heritage features’. Amongst other policies to achieve this objective, one is to ‘promote and facilitate the public use and enjoyment of appropriate heritage features’. The NZHPT should continue to work with the Northland District Council to achive this aim, in relation to Pompallier and the NZHPT’s other considerable number of heritage properties in the Northland region. Far North District Plan Two buildings in the reserve are listed in the District Plan in its Schedule of Historic Sites, Buildings and Objects. They are listed as ‘Pompallier (printery and Clendon Bungalow)’, and the Legal Description is given as ‘Allot 13 Sec 13 Town of Russell SD, Historic Gazette 84/4890’. As with the NZHPT Registration (set out above), the legal titles containing the Stephenson and Clendon Hillsides are not listed on the district plan.
18
Chapter 12 ‘Natural and Physical Resources: Section 5 Heritage’ of the Far North District Plan sets out the following objectives for the management of heritage: • To protect and retain the heritage values of resources, such values to include those of an archaeological, architectural, cultural, historic, scientific, and technological nature. • To protect wahi tapu and other sites of spiritual, cultural or historical significance to Māori from inappropriate use, development and subdivision. • To protect the notable trees of the District. • To conserve the historic and amenity values of settlements with significant historic character. The reserve, or rather parts of it, is also listed within two zones in the plan – firstly the Christ Church Heritage Precinct, and secondly a Conservation Zone (see HP4 Map and Zone Map 89). The approximate areas within the reserve covered by these zones are marked in an image reproduced at the end of this section. In relation to the Christ Church Heritage Precinct, the following must be considered if any building works are considered on the reserve: The maintenance of the special character within the Christ Church Heritage Precinct is essential to the protection of the heritage values of Russell as a whole. The objectives of the plan’s heritage precincts are: To recognise and protect retain [sic] the heritage values of the various heritage precincts derived from the sites, buildings and objects of historic significance, and to protect such sites, buildings and objects from inappropriate subdivision, use and development. To recognise and protect the heritage values of the various heritage precincts derived from the archaeological sites of the precincts and to retrieve and record archaeological evidence where appropriate. To recognise and protect the special character of the various heritage precincts that derives from the built form in combination with the landforms. To retain The Strand Heritage Precinct as predominantly a pedestrian area.17 The policies for the management of the Conservation Zone (Map 89) are set out in Chapter 9.7 of the District Plan. The policies are: 9.7.4.1 That the existing conservation values of areas be preserved or enhanced 9.7.4.2 That existing conservation areas are used and developed in a way which will avoid adverse effects on the conservation values of the site and which will avoid adverse effects on the surrounding area 9.7.4.3 That land zoned Conservation is permanently protected through the use of protective mechanisms 9.7.4.4 That areas worthy of conservation are identified and provided permanent protection
17 See 12.5A Heritage Precincts, 12.5A.3 Objectives, Far North District Plan, Sept 2009
19 9.7.4.5 That the net effect of activities within the Conservation Zone should not degrade or diminish the total biodiversity and ecological functioning of the values contained within it. Other issues The Monkey Apple (and the nearby Norfolk Pine) are listed in the plan as Notable Trees. 18 The reserve is located within a coastal environment and is therefore subject to the ‘Setback from Lakes, Rivers and Coastal Marine Area’ rule in Chapter 12.7 of the District Plan. Implications of the Resource Management Act and District Plan As noted above, some parts of the reserve are affected by the rules of certain zones, but others are not. Any planned development of the site - including any plans for new buildings, ‘change of use’, alteration or removal of existing buildings, or anything that would have an adverse effect on the ‘conservation values’ of the area - would need to be assessed thoroughly in terms of the implications of the district plan. As noted above, the printery and Clendon Cottage are listed on the plan as a heritage buildings. Unlike some district plans, the Far North District Plan does not distinguish between categories of historic site or buildings. Therefore, the following rules apply to both buildings. In terms of alteration and maintenance of these buildings the plan states that any intention to alter, remove or destroy requires a resource consent. This provision shall not apply to minor repairs and maintenance of such historic sites, buildings and objects. For the purpose of this rule: (a) ‘Minor repairs’ means the repair of materials by patching, piecing-in, splicing and consolidating existing materials, and including minor replacement of minor components, such as individual bricks, cut stone, timber sections, tiles and slates, where these have been damaged beyond reasonable repair or are missing. The replacement should be of the original or similar material, colour, texture, form and design as the original it replaces, and the number of components replaced should be substantially less than the existing components. (b) ‘Maintenance’ means the painting of previously painted surfaces, plumbing and/or guttering maintenance work, water washing and such similar work, excluding abrasive or high pressure cleaning, as is required to keep the building clean, safe and weatherproof. 19 The demolition or removal of both buildings is a prohibited activity.20 The zoning of part of the reserve in the Christ Church Historic Precinct has implications: the construction of a new building, provided that it is not visible from a public place in the heritage precinct is a controlled activity. The construction of a new building in the heritage precinct that is visible from a public place is a restricted discretionary activity.21 There are also certain heritage colours set out for use in the Christ Church Heritage Precinct.22 A ‘change of use’ for any building is likely to require Resource Consent.
18 The Norfolk Pine listed as a Notable Tree is on the neighbouring road reserve. However, the dripline of the tree is over part of the Pompallier Reserve, so the NZHPT must take care to preserve this tree. 19 See section 12.5.6.1.2, Far North District Plan 20 See section 12.5.6.4.1, Far North District Plan 21 See 12.5A.6.2.3 and 12.5A.6.3.2, Far North District Plan 22 See 12.5A.8, Far North District Plan
20 The felling or destruction of the listed Notable Trees would be a discretionary activity (with some caveats, in order to protect human life etc), and no excavation, filling or impermeable surfaces will be permitted within the drip lines of those trees.23 The reserve’s zoning within the Conservation Zone mean that conservation values must be maintained or enhanced, that no development should occur that would have adverse effects on those values, and that the ‘net effects of activities’ within the reserve should not affect the ‘total biodiversity and ecological functioning’ of the conservation values in the zone. This will have implications for the way in which the gardens and hillsides are managed (in terms of poisons, tree clearance etc) in particular. The zone rules in relation to the Conservation Zone are set out in Chapter 9.7.5 of the District Plan. There are particular rules in relation to issues such as scale of activities, noise, building heights, setback from neighbours, sunlight etc, which must be referred to. Of particular note is Rule 9.7.5.1.1. ‘Purpose of Buildings’, which states that ‘All new buildings shall be directly for, or ancillary to, the principal conservation activities of the site’.
23 See 12.5.6.1.1, Far North District Plan
21 24 (New C (Tree removal) (Tree 1730 (A New Building that is (A WILL LIKELY BE LIKELY WILL (Excavation) TO CLENDON TO Date: 26 July 2011 Job No.: Carparking requirements are setout for SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS: SUMMARY full assessment has not been carried out in the A Any preparation of these notes and associated drawings. proposals need to be fully assessed against all District Plan rules to ascertain the impact of proposals and understand the status of compliance or non-compliance. The following summary outlines some initial findings. (Far North District Council Contact: 0800 920 029) OF SITE ZONE & PRECINCT STATUS •Conservation Zone Chapter 9.7 •Christchurch & Heritage Precinct FNDC MAPS RELEVANT •HP4 Map - Heritage Precincts •Zone Map 89 ZONE CHAPTER 9.7 CONSERVATION Activity Overview 'Permitted' 9.7.5.1.3 Building Height: 8m max 9.7.5.1.4 Sunlight: 2m + shortest distance to boundary max height 9.7.5.1.5 Impermeability: 10% or 1000m2 (the lesser of the 2) max coverage for buildings and impermeable surfaces. RULES: OTHER KEY Chapter 12.2 Indigenous Flora & Fauna Chapter 12.3 Soils & Minerals Heritage Precincts Chapter 12.5A visible to the public is Restricted Discretionary) Chapter 12.7 Lakes, Rivers, wetlands & the Coastline buildings relative to MHWM) Chapter 15 Traffic: adequate provision for various use classes. Note that Rule The Strand. of 12.5A.6.1.3 prohibits vehicular access off Chapter 16 Signs & Lighting NEW STRUCTURES RESOURCE CONSENT A REQUIRED POSITION REGARDLESS OF CHANGE OF USE A REQUIRE LIKELY WILL COTTAGE RESOURCE CONSENT
35
30 40 25
15 12.7.6.1.6
to R.O.W
Rule 12.7.6.4.
Rules 12.7.6.1.1
5
RESOURCE CONSENT ASSESSMENT RESOURCE CONSENT
zone for new buildings or structures under
zone for new buildings or structures under
5 Status dependent on analysis of the masterplan
'Permitted' 'Non-complying' Note this is dependant upon other District Plan qualifications not yet assessed (Note that this does not inherently mean a new building will be approved above line)
Cottage Clendon Water Tank Water
5 Tank Water
10 incl. Clendon Cottage and hillside Wahi Tapu
Christ Church Precinct SITE Printery Pompallier Mission Masterplan
1977 building may 2 the site requires vegetation removal to 12.7 & the Reserves Act 12.7 & the Reserves Any 'indigenous' (native)
assessment against Rule Red Shed Removal of existing (non- heritage) 16m trigger Consent requirements
Gatehouse 5
Shed Gardeners Resource Consent Assessment for Pompallier Reserve, from Studio of Pacific Architecture, Pompallier Masterplan, 2011, Sheet C24. (MHWM = Mean High Water Mark)
8025446 Note that this is a 8025444 representation of the rules TEL: 64 4 64 TEL: www.studiopacific.co.nz
contained in the District Plan FAX:64 4
MHWM (from survey drawing) survey (from MHWM 20m away from MHWM from away 20m
SITE only; any proposal will need to 30m away from MHWM from away 30m be fully assessed against the email: [email protected] District Plan. Conservation Zone Level 2 Level Cuba74 St BoxP.O. 11-517 NZ Wellington,
22 2.8 Building Act 2004 The Building Act regulates all building work in New Zealand, including performance measures such as the Building Code, in order to ensure that people who use buildings can do so safely, that buildings have attributes that contribute to the health, physical independence and well-being of the people who use them, people can escape from buildings which are on fire, and that buildings are designed, constructed and used in ways that promote sustainable development. Of specific relevance to heritage is Section 4 of the Act, which sets out that a number of principles must be taken into account, including: (d) The importance of recognising any special traditional and cultural aspects of the intended use of the building; (l) The need to facilitate the preservation of buildings of significant cultural, historical or heritage value; The Building Act therefore requires that all buildings on the reserve are kept safe for all those who use them, in a wide range of ways, including safety from earthquakes, decay of building materials, fire, insanitary conditions etc. Furthermore, any new buildings, or any ‘change of use’ or proposed building work, including alterations, on an existing building, must ensure that all work is compatible with the Act, and recognise the heritage of the buildings. With careful design, historic heritage values can be protected along with the need in the Act to ensure health, safety, access and efficiency outcomes.24 Any such actions on the reserve will take these provisions in the Act into account.
2.9 NZ Archaeological Association Recorded Sites The particular sites recorded by the New Zealand Archaeological Association within the reserve are: Te Keemua Pa [part of] – Q05/824 and Pompallier Mission – Q05/1074. Nearby sites (not within the reserve) include a historic period pa (Q05/1178 and Q05/1179); plus early European settlement areas Q05/1200, immediately north of the reserve, and Q05/1389 between York and Church Streets. 25 There is potential for many unrecorded archaeological sites within the reserve, and so the entire reserve is to be considered an archaeological site, and the NZHPT is to act accordingly.
2.10 ICOMOS The ICOMOS New Zealand Charter, Te Pumanawa o ICOMOS o Aotearoa Hei Tiaki I Nga Taonga Whenua Heke Iho o Nehe (2010), is a set of guidelines on cultural heritage conservation, produced by ICOMOS New Zealand. The New Zealand Charter is widely used in the New Zealand heritage sector and forms a recognised benchmark for conservation standards and practice.26 The NZHPT uses the New Zealand Charter to guide its heritage conservation work and their heritage advocacy work, and its use in relation to NZHPT properties has been confirmed in
24 See for more information NZHPT, ‘Sustainable Management of Historic Heritage: Guide No 6, The Building Act 2004’, 2007 25 For more detail see Clough and Associates, Pompallier House Historic Reserve: Archaeological Assessment for Conservation Plan, 2011 26 See www.icomos.org.nz for more details
23 section 5 of the Statement of General Policy for NZHPT Properties, which states that all ‘physical interventions, activities, works and uses’ at the NZHPT’s properties should be guided by the ICOMOS charter. The New Zealand Charter covers the purpose, principles, practice, and processes of conservation. The management of the reserve, and the buildings and landscapes within it, will be carried out in respect to the Charter.
2.11 Relationships with other public spaces in the area The land to the east of the reserve is administered by the Department of Conservation as a recreational reserve. The Department of Conservation also administers an area to the south, which contains the southern-most part of Te Keemua pa, and also provides access to the foreshore for the general public. Land adjacent to the reserve on the south and to the south- east are in private ownership. All of these sections contain remnants of Te Keemua pa. In addition, there are a number of other sites in Kororāreka Russell which have links to the reserve, such as the Kororāreka Marae, Christ Church, the Russell Museum, and Maiki Hill (the historic flagpole site, from where the printery building is clearly visible) and the wider Kororāreka Russell township. In a wider sense, there are many spaces in the Bay of Islands that have historical and interpretative links to the reserve, especially Catholic spaces such as St Stephen’s Church at Motuti on the Hokianga Harbour, where the remains of Bishop Pompallier were recently interred, and Totara Point, where the first Catholic mass was celebrated in New Zealand in 1838. Likewise, public heritage spaces such as the Waitangi Treaty Grounds have much to offer the interpretation of Pompallier and vice versa (Bishop Pompallier having had a critical role in the discussions leading up to the signing of the Treaty), as does the Okiato Historic Reserve, marking the site of the first New Zealand capital, and Clendon House in Rawene, both of which have connections to James Reddy Clendon. The NZHPT should continue to explore these connections and take full advantage of the opportunities that exist to build links between the managers of these sites, and build on the interpretative links between them.
2.12 Relationships with other properties managed by the NZHPT Pompallier is only one of a series of important historic places managed by the NZHPT in Northland. While they are managed by the NZHPT as separate entities, their interpretation and stories and heritage values are indelibly linked. The stories of missionary work in early New Zealand (by the Church Missionary Society, the Methodists and the Marists) are intertwined, meaning that the NZHPT properties at Kerikeri, Te Waimate and Mangungu all have very real connections to the reserve. Likewise, Clendon House in Rawene was built by James Reddy Clendon and so is very much connected to the history of the reserve. The NZHPT should endeavour to take full advantage of the connections between these places.
24 Chapter 3: NZHPT Vision and Management Aims
3.1 Vision The NZHPT’s vision for the Pompallier House Historic Reserve is to establish effective management policies, objectives and actions that will both • protect, conserve and promote the historic and cultural heritage of the Pompallier House Historic Reserve; • provide a quality visitor experience, by enhancing the interpretation potential and educational value for the enjoyment of present and future generations.
3.2 Management Aims The NZHPT’s management aims for the Pompallier reserve can be summarised as: 1. Continue NZHPT management of the reserve and provide for its public use and enjoyment
2. Provide integrated management of the reserve
3. Maintain and improve conservation standards
4. Improve working with stakeholders
5. Manage risk
6. Improve the visitor experience
7. Decrease the operating loss
8. Improve staff facilities
9. Improve collection care
10. Improve partnership working
The following sets out those headline aims in more detail.
25 1. Continue NZHPT management of the reserve and provide for its public use and enjoyment The NZHPT intends to continue its management of the reserve as a significant part of the NZHPT’s Heritage Destinations portfolio and as a site that has exceptional historic, natural and cultural heritage significance. It also intends to continue to provide for public use and enjoyment of the reserve in a manner that is consistent with the protection and conservation of historic, natural and cultural heritage values. This entails, as now, opening the reserve as often as possible, but does allow for both paid- entry restrictions to some parts of the reserve, and to closing parts of the reserve for short- term events on occasion. At present, the whole of the reserve is paid-entry only; the NZHPT is currently investigating opening a small part of the reserve to free entry (the Clendon front lawn and part of Clendon cottage). 2. Provide integrated management of the reserve There are a number of areas within the reserve which have different (although obviously connected) histories and cultural and heritage value. These different parts of the reserve will to be managed by the NZHPT as an integrated whole, while still honouring and interpreting the different stories in each. 3. Maintain and improve conservation standards The NZHPT will ensure that conservation standards for the whole property - buildings, gardens and landscapes – are maintained and improved. The property’s intangible heritage values will also be protected. Collection (i.e. heritage objects) management standards will also be improved and maintained at the property. 4. Improved working with stakeholders The NZHPT wishes to establish, maintain and improve partnerships between Far North District Council, local iwi and hapū and other Māori communities with a connection to Pompallier and its history, neighbouring private property owners, the French community, the Department of Conservation, the Catholic Church, and the local Russell community and commercial sector, to enhance integrated management processes. It is important to consult and work with adjacent landowners to minimise any adverse external impacts that may be inflicted upon the reserve through undesirable land use and activities. The NZHPT will also continue to maintain and improve opportunities for Māori and the wider community to participate in the management, interpretation and enhancement of the reserve. 5. Manage risk Opening any reserve to the public opens the reserve to risk, in terms of its conservation and protection. As allowed for in the Reserves Act, it is possible for the NZHPT to close off parts of the reserve for the ‘protection and general well-being of the reserve’.27 Indeed, the
27 Reserves Act, section 18 (2) (b)
26 property is small and fragile, and visitor flows need to be managed to protect heritage values. The NZHPT intends to manage the property in such a way that the maximum number of people have the opportunity to gain inspiration from the stories of the site and the people associated with it. Arising from this is a desire to encourage visitors to move around a larger portion of the property, thereby lessening the impact on any one part and allowing for further development of visitor numbers.28 A significant exception to this is the portion of the reserve that is the pa site: the NZHPT intends to restrict visitor access to this part of the reserve. Other potential risk areas include: legal and statutory compliance, such as the Resource Management Act, the Historic Places Act and health and safety legislation, which will be managed by ensuring good working practices; and reputational risk which will be managed by providing a quality visitor experience and good working relations with stakeholders. All property management brings with it risk of issues such as disasters – in the case of Pompallier the largest concerns in this regard are tsunamis, earthquakes, sea level rise, fire, flooding and landslips. The NZHPT intends to manage the property to reduce these risks, where possible, and to produce plans for dealing with them if they occur. 6. Improve the visitor experience The NZHPT intends to provide a programme of continual improvement of visitor and cultural heritage values. There are a number of outstanding visitor facilities already provided in the reserve: - The current guided tours of the printery (offered as part of the general admission) have offered a quality visitor experience for many years; - In addition, new (2010) museum-quality interpretation is now provided to self- guided visitors in the printery; - The historic garden is an additional attraction to many visitors; - Active visitors can also climb the landscaped hillside that has spectacular views. Visitor feedback is very positive, with the standard of the interactive guided tour and garden experience widely acknowledged as one of the highest in the NZHPT. However, a number of steps have been identified which will improve the visitor experience: - Merchandise / visitor reception area – the current visitor reception and merchandising space within the very small existing gatehouse is no longer considered adequate. It is envisioned that Clendon Cottage may be used to carry out this dual role in the future; - Toilet facilities – no visitor toilets are provided on site (expect for in emergencies); - Additions to interpretation - further improvements to interpretation will be provided in a limited way as part of the planned Clendon Cottage redevelopment, and also through the development of a new garden and grounds tour (delivered through a tour guide and in the future, through an electronic format). Ongoing development of interpretation ensures that the visitor experience remains fresh and attractive;
28 These issues are explored in more detail in Studio of Pacific Architecture, Pompallier Masterplan, 2011.
27 - Provision of food and beverages – no food is currently provided on the property; many visitors expect this service these days. The NZHPT intends to investigate the feasibility of this, within the bounds of conservation and other requirements; - Education group facilities - there is currently nowhere for school groups to leave bags except for the gatehouse area, which has the effect of cluttering the space and restricting access to the merchandise displays. As discussed in this plan, there are plans to convert the Clendon Cottage building to resolve some of these issues. This building could be used to house the visitor reception as well as retail, catering and additional interpretation space for the reserve. Any changes of this magnitude will necessitate a Heritage Impact Assessment to be written before decisions are made, and permission granted by the NZHPT Board and the Minister of Conservation. The gatehouse, currently the entry point to the property, might no longer be needed for its current purpose if this occurs, and the future of this building will be investigated. This is explored in more detail in Section 4.6 Public Access and Usage, below. 7. Decrease the operating loss The NZHPT intends to use the following techniques to move Pompallier towards financial sustainability: - Improve merchandise income by developing an improved retail display area and visitor flow throughout the property; - Increase visitation through development of profile, interpretation and infrastructure to enhance the visitor experience; - Improve admissions income by developing new interpretive products. 8. Improve staff facilities At present staff facilities entail only a small break room and a small toilet housed within the Red Shed, and another in Clendon Cottage. There is no adequate meeting room, or any shared office space for the team to access a computer to undertake administrative or support duties for the property. Larger and better-equipped staff facilities are clearly needed, and the lack of them is holding back the development of the property. The NZHPT intends to improve these facilities within the time period of this plan. 9. Improve collection care The NZHPT aims to provide proper management, care and environmental conditions for all accessioned Pompallier collection items. Collection issues are of real concern on the reserve, for both items on display and those in storage, and damage has occurred, and is continuing to occur, in many cases. For items in display significant fluctuations in environmental conditions, which can be very damaging to heritage items, appear to be the norm. These issues will be difficult to resolve: the printery has no electricity, and is open almost every day, making environmental controls very difficult. A period of trial of passive forms of environmental control is necessary. The NZHPT will also improve on-site and off-site storage for items. Many items are currently stored off-site in Kerikeri; this is, however, a temporary solution, and it does not provide an optimal environment for those items. Clendon Cottage still houses the most fragile items; these too are not stored in a stable environment. A solution may be found in the development of a specific off-site storage facility for the NZHPT.
28 10. Improve partnership working There are many opportunities for partnership working to deliver the aims and objectives set out in this plan. Opportunities that arise to work alongside communities in Kororāreka Russell and the wider Bay of Islands and Northland will be fully explored. As opportunities arise they will be assessed against the objectives and policies of this plan and the NZHPT strategic priorities for its Heritage Destinations and developed as appropriate.
29 Chapter 4: Policies
This chapter sets outs the policies for the management of the Pompallier House Historic Reserve – in terms of (a) objectives, (b) policies, and, where necessary (c) implementation of those policies.
4.1 Overall purpose and principles Objective In its management of Pompallier, the NZHPT protects and conserves it and its heritage values, contributes to a sense of national identity and to a deepening understanding of New Zealand’s heritage. Policies • The NZHPT will manage Pompallier in order to: - Protect and conserve its heritage values for New Zealand; - Contribute to a national network of historic places accessible to the public; - Facilitate a sense of national identity and deepen understanding and appreciation of the heritage and history of New Zealand; - Promote the unique contribution of Māori, as the indigenous people of New Zealand, to the development of New Zealand’s diverse society; - Develop the cultural, social and economic well-being of communities; - Inspire interest in heritage and conservation among the public and other owners and managers of heritage property; - Promote the public visibility and profile of the NZHPT, generate revenue and promote public membership of the NZHPT.
30 4.2 Giving effect to Treaty principles Both the Historic Places Act and the Reserves Act (through its connection to the Conservation Act) require the NZHPT to manage the place in accordance with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. Māori, of course, have the same rights to object or make submissions under the Reserves Act as other members of the public. This, however, cannot be a substitute for consultation with relevant iwi and hapū about a proposal, and the iwi and hapū with mana whenua over the reserve must be more deeply involved in the management of the place. Objective The ownership and management of Pompallier is consistent with the NZHPT’s responsibilities to interpret and administer both the Historic Places Act and the Reserves Act to give effect to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. Policies • In its management of Pompallier, the NZHPT will recognise the relationship of Māori and their culture and traditions with the site, and with any taonga contained within it. • In its management of Pompallier, the NZHPT should promote the unique contribution of Māori, as the indigenous people of New Zealand, to national identity and the development of New Zealand’s diverse society. • The NZHPT should develop effective consultative relationships with all Māori with a connection to Pompallier so that the NZHPT’s management, conservation and interpretation of it and its collection is fully informed by appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi and other Māori. • The NZHPT should encourage the involvement of appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi in the management, conservation and interpretation of Pompallier, to ensure that their relationship with their heritage is safeguarded, matauranga Māori is respected, and appropriate tikanga is applied. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Inform and consult the people of Kororāreka Marae and other interested hapū and iwi about the management and development of Pompallier. • Further develop relations with members of Te Runanga o Rakaumangamanga ki Taumarere, Catholic Māori, the Kingitanga, Whangaroa & Hokianga Māori, individuals associated historically with Pompallier the place, and others. • Explore and develop opportunities to increase appreciation of Māori heritage through the operations of the reserve.
31 4.3 Statutory obligations The management of every reserve is bound by a number of pieces of legislation. Those listed below are the most relevant. Objective In its management, administration, control, and use of Pompallier and its collection, the NZHPT acts in accordance with applicable statutory requirements, functions and powers.
Policies • The management of Pompallier and its collection by the NZHPT will be in accordance with all legal and statutory obligations including: - The Historic Places Act 1993; - Public Records Act 2005; - Building Act 2004; - Crown Entities Act 2004; - Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992; - Occupiers’ Liability Act 1962; - Protected Objects Act 1975; - Reserves Act 1977; - Resource Management Act 1991; - Any other applicable legislation, policies and plans, regulations, bylaws and code requirements which apply in the particular circumstances • In particular, the reserve must be managed in accordance with the Statement of General Policy for NZHPT Properties, as set out in Section 57 of the Historic Places Act.
32 4.4 Plans There are a number of plans which govern the management of the reserve. Clendon Cottage and the gardens and grounds have new Conservation Plans, which have been used extensively to guide this Reserve Management Plan.29 The printery’s Conservation Plan by Salmond Architects is now over 20 years old, and was written as a result of safety and structural concerns for the building. It was a groundbreaking document that guided the very significant repairs to the building that occurred in the 1990s, and also consolidated new knowledge about the building. 30 However, such were the changes made to the building in the 1990s, the printery in its current form is barely the same building that the Salmond Architects plan dealt with, and many of its concerns have now been resolved. Although the general conservation policy statements certainly still stand, it provides little in the way of guidance for the modern day-to-day management of the building. Therefore, an updated Conservation Plan for the printery is now required. Once a Conservation Plan is adopted by the NZHPT Board, section 58(5) of the Historic Places Act 1993 requires that the NZHPT ‘shall not act in any manner inconsistent’ with it, making it a statutory document. Objective The NZHPT’s management, administration, control, and use of Pompallier are governed by requisite plans.
Policies • The NZHPT will prepare and review Conservation Plans for Pompallier in accordance with section 58 of the Historic Places Act and act consistently with them. • As the NZHPT is the administering body of the reserve under the Reserves Act 1977, a Reserve Management Plan will be prepared and reviewed in accordance with section 41 of that Act and comply with it. • The NZHPT should prepare a Property Management Plan, identifying the heritage values and significance of the historic place concerned, the outcomes sought at the place and the policies, methods and actions to be followed. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Implementation of the policies set out in the Conservation Plans for Clendon Cottage, the printery and the gardens and grounds. • An updated Conservation Plan is written for the printery. • Complete a Property Management Plan for the reserve. • Review and update this Reserve Management Plan every ten years, when significant changes are to be implemented, or when necessary.
29 Jonathan Howard, Conservation Plan: Clendon Cottage (The Bungalow), 2010; Boffa Miskell, Pompallier Gardens and Grounds Conservation Plan (draft), 2011 30 Jeremy Salmond, Pompallier Project Russell: A Plan for Conservation, 1990
33 4.5 Protection and conservation Ensuring the proper protection and conservation of the buildings, gardens, archaeological sites and landscapes of Pompallier are obviously crucial to the proper management of the reserve. The high level policies from the conservation plans for the printery, the gardens and grounds and Clendon Cottage have been summarized here, although the plans themselves should be consulted for the detailed policy and conservation policies. It is of concern that a major condition survey of the printery has not been carried out for some years. The major work was carried out nearly 20 years ago; a condition survey of the building would now appear to be urgent. As noted elsewhere in this plan, section 18 of the Reserves Act requires that the reserve is managed in order to preserve all indigenous flora and fauna and natural environment as far as possible, and that its value as a soil, water and forest conservation area shall be maintained.31 Objective The heritage values (including natural and intangible heritage) of Pompallier are protected and conserved. Policies General • All physical interventions, activities, works and uses at Pompallier should be guided by: - Recognised conservation practice, the ICOMOS NZ Charter 2010, and the NZHPT’s own guidelines; - Relevant research, assessment, plans and specifications; - Professional staff and technical experts in relevant fields; - Consultation with appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi and other Māori having historical or cultural association with the place, and application of appropriate tikanga. • Pompallier, including its heritage collection, curtilage and setting, should be conserved as far as possible in its entirety, free from the adverse effects of neglect or of inappropriate use, modification or development, so that a full range of heritage values can be represented. • In relation to any conservation work at Pompallier: - Least-invasive forms of intervention should be favoured where feasible; and - Material of cultural heritage value should be stabilised against the processes of decay; and - The implications of long-term environmental change should be considered. • Where loss of or adverse effects on a historic, cultural, spiritual or natural heritage value is proposed, a Heritage Impact Assessment considering all the relevant values and options should be prepared.
31 Section 18, Reserves Act 1977
34 • All conservation work on the buildings and gardens should be carried out under the direction of appropriately qualified conservation professionals. Printery • The printery should retain its form as a Catholic mission printing house with layers of later domestic occupancy conserved and clearly expressed, and its management should be in keeping with its Conservation Plan.32 Clendon Cottage • The distinct identity of Clendon Cottage should be preserved, given its separate history and heritage values from the Printery and surrounds. • The management of the place should be in keeping with the Clendon Cottage Conservation Plan. Particular care must be taken of the remaining pre-1900 fabric, as recommended in the plan.33 Landscapes and gardens • Heritage landscapes and gardens should be protected, interpreted, maintained and renewed so that their historic, ecological and aesthetic values are retained and recognised. • The reserve will be managed in order to ensure that all indigenous flora and fauna and the natural environment are preserved as far as possible. • The policies set out in the Boffa Miskell Conservation Plan will be followed. The plan recommends in particular: - In terms of the Greenway/Stephenson Garden: that the garden continues to be maintained much as it is today. - In terms of the Stephenson Hillside: that this section of the reserve (currently maintained as a semi-bushland area) ‘would benefit from a return to a more ‘managed’ parkland appearance’. - In terms of the Clendon Gardens: that some change could be possible, to represent the gardens at the time the property evolved into an accommodation business. - In terms of the Clendon Hillside: that maintenance of the current semi- wilderness, bushland setting, while restoring the indigenous, coastal vegetation, should occur. - In terms of the turn-around area: that the area’s current focus on vehicle use should be minimised and the aesthetical appeal and interpretation potential of the area, particularly the quarry, should be developed.34 Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Instigate a systematic condition survey and maintenance programme for all buildings, gardens and landscapes.
32 Salmond, p47 33 Howard, Chapter 5 34 These policies all taken from Boffa Miskell, in particular pages 84-87
35 4.6 Public access and usage Pompallier has a long history of provision of public access. The main part of reserve, including the printery and its gardens, was opened to the public by the government in the 1940s. Clendon Cottage was, as an accommodation house and motel, opened to the public from the 1890s until the 1970s. The Stephenson hillside has been open to the public since 1993. The Clendon hillside is not currently open to the public. The NZHPT plans to ensure that public access will continue and improve. Further work can be done by the NZHPT to develop further access to the reserve. Printery Public access to the printery is not likely to change in the period covered in this plan – access will be by both with a guided tour, and self-guided (both by admission fee). Greenway/Stephenson Garden No significant change to public access to this part of the reserve is envisioned here. Entry to this part of the reserve will remain part of the admission price. New interpretation in the garden will provide for improved intellectual access to the history of the garden. Clendon Cottage Clendon Cottage is no longer the curator’s accommodation, and the management vision for Clendon Cottage is that improved visitor access to the building should be facilitated. As noted in the Clendon Cottage Conservation Plan, the close proximity of Pompallier to Clendon Cottage, and their management as one NZHPT property, means that there is a risk that the physical and cultural boundaries of these two distinct sites, with different histories and heritage values, will be blurred. The individual character of these two properties must be maintained.35 Likewise, any change of use would need to carefully consider the impact that alterations may have on the internal layout of the building, and the heritage values of the building and its wider setting. The conservation plan must inform any feasibility study and design stage.36 Provided the above considerations are followed, it should be possible to use the cottage to support the use, interpretation, visitor access and enjoyment of the reserve by the public, while still being sensitive to its heritage. Indeed, adding this function to Clendon Cottage allows people to gain access to another Russell heritage building, one that was clearly important to the community, for the first time in many years, and continues a tradition of public access that lasted for almost 100 years. The Studio of Pacific Architecture Masterplan (2011) sets out a number of options for the way in which the cottage could be used, and how access to the cottage could allow a change to the visitor access points and visitor flow. This involves using Clendon Cottage for visitor reception and having the visitor flow rerouted so it begins with visitors moving through the cottage. It also envisions the addition of a free-access point to some of the reserve (the Clendon front lawn).
35 Howard, Chapter 5 36 Howard, Chapter 5
36 Hillsides It is envisioned that public access will be significantly improved during the period of this plan. While visitors have been encouraged to visit the Stephenson Hillside for some time, and there are a few public tracks there, no public access has been provided to the Clendon Hillside in the past. New public access will be provided to a section of the Clendon Hillside, with care taken to avoid sensitive areas such as the pa site. Gatehouse The redevelopment of Clendon Cottage, if it goes ahead, might render the gatehouse building less useful, and its future could be investigated. Objective The use of Pompallier provides for public access, understanding and enjoyment. Policies • Pompallier should be made accessible to the public and promoted and interpreted in order to encourage public enjoyment and understanding of the site and, at a larger level, New Zealand’s heritage. • The public, including those with disabilities, should have access to as much as possible of Pompallier. • Parts of Pompallier may be subject to: - Restrictions necessary for the conservation, security, operation and management of the property; and - Restrictions necessary for the safety (including cultural safety) and control of the public; and - Charging of fees for admission or use of facilities, subject to the approval of the Minister of Conservation. • The use of Pompallier should be consistent with: - The NZHPT’s Property Management Plan, all Conservation Plans and this Reserve Management Plan; - The heritage values of Pompallier including its intangible cultural values and historical associations; and - Relevant legislative requirements; and - Agreements or commitments previously entered into by the NZHPT unless otherwise addressed or complied with. • Pompallier may be used for: - Public educational and recreational programmes, activities, events, functions and revenue generation; - Continuation of the original or long term function or use if compatible with preserving and revealing the heritage value; - Operational and administrative purposes
37 • Marketing and merchandising in relation to Pompallier or its collection objects should respect the heritage values of the place or object and strengthen public appreciation of those values. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Investigate the facilitation of further visitor access to Clendon Cottage. Any alterations to the building to allow this must be in line with the provisions of its Conservation Plan, the District Plan, and the recognition of the separate heritage values of the cottage. • Investigate the future of the gatehouse, if it is no longer needed. • Further develop the footpaths on the hillside to encourage more people to use parts of the hillside. • Avoid public access to the pa.
38 4.7 Involvement with communities of interest and other agencies As noted above, Kororāreka Marae holds the mana whenua for Kororāreka Russell and has been actively involved with Pompallier Mission for some years, as have other local hapū. Links have been reforged with the Kingitanga at Ngaruawahia recently, due to the fact that the Kingitanga printing press is housed at Pompallier. Pompallier also has connections to the French community in New Zealand. The French ambassador and embassy to New Zealand have actively been involved in events on the reserve for the last decade. Another significant community of interest is the Catholic Church – not only in the New Zealand, but also in the wider Pacific, France and internationally. Likewise, those with links to literacy, printing culture and Te Reo have connections to Pompallier. These connections should be nurtured and built upon. Russell township, its community and commercial sector, are obviously important to Pompallier and its management. It is a source of staff and volunteers, visitor referrals and recommendations and support for events etc. In turn, Pompallier assists the township by bringing tourists to the town and supports accommodation and other tourist ventures. The NZHPT values the opportunity to support the township and the wider Northland community in this way. Objective The NZHPT develops effective relationships and partnerships with relevant communities of interest to enhance its management and interpretation of historic places.
Policies • The NZHPT should develop and maintain active working relationships with relevant agencies and communities of interest (local, regional, national, international, government, whānau, hapū and iwi, corporate or individual) • Pompallier should play a role in, interact with and contribute to the cultural, social and economic well-being of the local communities that surround it. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • In order to strengthen the relationships between Pompallier and its communities of interest, the NZHPT should encourage: - Volunteering opportunities and a volunteering programme; and - Public educational and recreational programmes, activities, functions and events. • The NZHPT should work in partnership with the agencies or owners who manage related or nearby heritage properties to provide appropriately co-ordinated heritage conservation and interpretation.
39 4.8 Interpretation Significant amounts of interpretative work have been completed on the reserve in recent years, including a new interpretative area in the printery. Further improvements are planned in the future, in particular for the gardens, hillsides and quarry, and in a limited way for Clendon Cottage. Objective Interpretation of Pompallier reveals its heritage values, inspires a sense of national identity, and enhances the visitor experience. Policies • Pompallier should be interpreted in order to: - Convey the meanings of the place in its wider context; - Inspire insights into the aspects or periods of the heritage of New Zealand illustrated by the reserve - Educate and inform a sense of national identity and an appreciation of the heritage of New Zealand’s diverse society and culture; - Enhance the visitor experience, engage a wide range of visitors and strengthen heritage tourism. • All interpretive work and activities at Pompallier should be guided by: - Relevant research, assessment, plans and specifications; and professional staff and technical experts • Use of traditional Māori knowledge at Pompallier should be developed in consultation with and endorsed by the appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi, and appropriate tikanga should be applied. • Interpretation of Pompallier should: - Link it with other related historic places; - Offer multiple or different narratives to reveal a full range of values, periods and perspectives and not obscure them; - Recognise the relationships of Māori and other groups with the place; - Be in keeping with the atmosphere and intangible values of the place; - Be provided in both English and Te Reo Māori where appropriate. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Any interpretation, in particular that of Te Keemua pa, must be done with the involvement of tangata whenua; • All-ability access to the reserve and its stories, and off-site interpretation (websites etc), for those who cannot visit should be considered.
40 4.9 Research, information and records On-going research into the reserve’s history, and the keeping of current records, is vital to the good management of the reserve today, and in the future. Objective The conservation and interpretation of Pompallier are supported by research, and information and records are retained. Policies • Research should be conducted in relation to Pompallier, in order to record its history, support its conservation and interpretation, and increase knowledge about it and, more widely, New Zealand’s historical and cultural heritage. • The NZHPT should care for information, records and archival material relevant to Pompallier and its collection in accordance with relevant legislation and current best practice. • Records and photographs of physical interventions, activities, works and uses should be generated, retained, and placed in a suitable archive. • Records of traditional Māori knowledge about Pompallier and associated sites, wahi tapu and collection objects should be retained or used by the NZHPT in accordance with protocols agreed with the appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi or the authorised custodian(s) of such knowledge. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Investigate the possibility of registering the entire property as one registration under the Historic Places Act 1993.
41 4.10 Heritage collections The historic collections at Pompallier comprise archaeological material, furniture, furnishings, building fabric, ceramics, glass, metalwork, works of art and historic photographs, religious items, archives and printed ephemera. These relate not only to the Marists but also the Callaghan, Greenway and Stephenson families. There are approximately 3,200 items in the collection, 85% of which are archaeological items retrieved from various excavations on site. Some of these items have exceptional heritage significance to New Zealand.37 The collection is owned by the NZHPT. There is also a small number of items on loan from private individuals and organisations. While on the reserve (or in NZHPT off-site storage), the care of all items, including those on loan, is the responsibility of the NZHPT. Objective Relevant heritage collections and objects will inform the understanding and support the interpretation of Pompallier. Policies • The acquisition, loan or disposal of any heritage object will be by resolution of the Board or in accordance with delegation by the Board, and in keeping with the NZHPT Collection Policy. • The NZHPT should care for the Pompallier collection in accordance with relevant legislation, NZHPT collection management guidelines and current best practice, including, in the case of newly found heritage objects, the processes set out in the Protected Objects Act 1975. • Any Māori heritage objects should be handled, stored, displayed and interpreted by the NZHPT in accordance with terms or protocols agreed with the appropriate whānau, hapū and iwi, owner or authorised custodian of such items or objects. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Investigate ways of improving collection management, in particular: - Ensuring proper collection storage and display; - Where practicable and safe for the objects, ensure that items connected to the site are located on the reserve; - Assess the archaeological items in the collection, with a view to determining appropriate management and possible disposal of some items.
37 See for more information Rebecca Apperley, ‘Collection Cataloguing Report: Pompallier Mission’, NZHPT, 2009, and Lynn Campbell, ‘Report on Site Visit to Pompallier Mission’, 2011.
42 4.11 New constructions and development Objective New constructions and development at Pompallier support conservation, provide for public access, understanding and enjoyment, and are achieved in an appropriate manner. Policies • New constructions and development may be developed at Pompallier, subject to the approval of the Board and, as this is a reserve under the Reserves Act 1977, the approval of the Minister of Conservation, where the following tests are passed: - They are necessary for the effective delivery of the management aims and objectives of the NZHPT and are consistent with this plan; - They cannot be provided readily or appropriately within existing facilities or outside the property; - As far as possible they do not compromise the heritage values of Pompallier or its setting or the long term maintenance and conservation of those values, and any unavoidable adverse effects are minimised and as far as possible mitigated; - They are readily distinguishable from the heritage fabric so as not to falsify the heritage values or confuse the public understanding of the place; - Proposed work has been subject to a Heritage Impact Assessment, which considers all the relevant values and options. • Reconstructions or generalised representations of missing elements or missing elements may be undertaken only where this is based on sufficient physical and documentary evidence to minimise conjecture, and supports the heritage values of the place or its setting. • Where a historic place managed by the NZHPT may be adversely affected by subdivision, use or development, control or mitigation of such activities may be sought by methods appropriate in the circumstances. Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • Completion of a Heritage Impact Assessment, plus approval of the NZHPT Board and the Minister of Conservation, for any proposed alterations/ additions/ change of use to Clendon Cottage, or any other building, or if any new building is proposed.
43 4.12 Acquisition, relinquishment and agreements transferring real property rights Objective Decisions on acquisition, relinquishment of the reserve and agreements transferring real property rights at Pompallier are informed by robust assessments and practices and are consistent with its conservation and interpretation. Policies • The acquisition of property at Pompallier will be governed by the Polices set out in section 14 of the NZHPT’s Statement of General Policy for NZHPT Properties, and be by resolution of the NZHPT Board. The NZHPT may acquire additional land in the vicinity of Pompallier only where resources are available to conserve and manage it effectively in the long term, and where acquisition will: - enhance the completeness and credibility of the reserve and representation of its heritage values; - protect the reserve from threats, risks or adverse effects of development or use; - enable significantly enhanced conservation, interpretation and public enjoyment of nationally important heritage values; or - enable the provision of essential visitor facilities or services which cannot be provided within the land already managed; • Since this is a reserve, the NZHPT could not dispose of the property – instead it could only relinquish its control and management of the reserve, at which time it would revert to the Crown’s management. • If the seeking of alternative management arrangements for Pompallier, or the granting of an agreement transferring real property rights (including a concession) to another individual or organization, was a course of action considered, the decision-making process with be governed by the Policies set out in Section 15 of the Statement of General Policy for NZHPT Properties, and a final decision will only be by resolution of the NZHPT Board and the Minister of Conservation.38 Implementation The NZHPT should ensure that the following issues are addressed: • If a concession is contemplated (e.g. for the commercial operation of part of Clendon Cottage), the above polices will be complied with, a Heritage Impact Assessment written, and the permission of both the NZHPT Board and the Minister of Conservation sought. • Neither the acquisition of further neighbouring property, nor the seeking of alternative management arrangements for any reserve land, is contemplated at present. However, if either was to be contemplated, the above polices will be followed, and a Heritage Impact Assessment will be completed.
38 Section 24 of the Reserves Act allows the revocation of the reserve. See section 58A relates to concessions, leases etc.
44 Chapter 5: Bibliography
Boffa Miskill, Pompallier Reserve Gardens and Grounds Conservation Plan, 2011 [currently in draft] Clough and Associates, Pompallier House Historic Reserve: Archaeological Assessment for Conservation Plan, 2011 Far North District Council, Far North District Plan, September 2009 Harrison Grierson, Visitor and Occupational Safety Audit: Pompallier Mission, June 2010 ICOMOS, ICOMOS New Zealand Charter, Te Pumanawa o ICOMOS o Aotearoa Hei Tiaki I Nga Taonga Whenua Heke Iho o Nehe, 2010 Jeremy Salmond, Pompallier Project Russell: A Plan for Conservation, 1990 Jonathan Howard, Conservation Plan: Clendon Cottage (The Bungalow), 2010 Leuthart and Co., Pompallier Mission Visitor Experience, June 2011 Lynn Campbell, ‘Report on Site Visit to Pompallier Mission [heritage collection report]’, May 2011 New Zealand Historic Places Trust, ‘General Policy for the Management, Administration, Control, and Use of All Historic Places Owned or Controlled by the NZHPT or Vested in it’, April 2008 New Zealand Historic Places Trust, ‘Sustainable Management of Historic Heritage: Guide No 6, The Building Act 2004’, 2007 Northland Regional Council, Regional Policy Statement for Northland, 1999 Rebecca Apperley, ‘Collection Cataloguing Report: Pompallier Mission’, NZHPT, July 2009 Studio of Pacific Architecture, Pompallier Master Plan, 2011 Te Puni Kokiri: He Tirohanga ō Kawa 45it e Tiriti o Waitangi, 2001
Images All photographs by Peter Mitchell Historic image on front cover – detail from ‘Kororarkia Bay of Island [1844]’ by Edward Ashworth, E-042-030-a/031-a, Alexander Turnbull Library
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