El Mercado De La Energía Solar En Australia

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El Mercado De La Energía Solar En Australia ESTUDIO EM DE MERCADO 2021 El mercado de la energía solar en Australia Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Sídney ESTUDIO EM DE MERCADO 20 de abril de 2021 Sídney Este estudio ha sido realizado por Ana Lázaro Herrasti Bajo la supervisión de la Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Sídney http://australia.oficinascomerciales.es Editado por ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones, E.P.E. NIPO: 114-21-009-9 EM EL MERCADO DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR EN AUSTRALIA Índice 1. Resumen ejecutivo 5 2. Definición del sector 10 2.1. El sector eléctrico en Australia 10 2.2. El sector de la energía solar en Australia 13 2.2.1. Clasificación del sector 13 2.2.2. Clasificación arancelaria 17 3. Marco institucional y competencias 19 3.1. Marco normativo 19 3.1.1. Antecedentes 19 3.1.2. Política federal actual 20 3.1.3. Políticas estatales 21 3.2. Incentivos y otras ayudas 22 4. Oferta – Análisis de competidores 23 4.1. Tamaño del sector 23 4.1.1. El sector de la energía renovable 23 4.1.2. Energía solar 30 4.1.3. Retirada de plantas termales de carbón 39 4.2. Exportaciones e importaciones de equipamiento 41 4.3. Principales empresas del sector 44 4.3.1. Segmento de la energía solar FV a pequeña escala 44 4.3.2. Segmento de la energía solar FV a gran escala 45 5. Demanda 52 5.1. Consumo eléctrico en el NEM y efecto de los sistemas fotovoltaicos en cubierta 53 5.2. Corporate PPAs 58 5.3. Feed-in Tariffs 59 6. Precios 61 6.1. Evolución en el precio de la electricidad 61 6.2. Precio corporate PPAs 64 6.3. Coste nivelado de la energía solar en Australia 65 6.4. Consecuencias y situación actual 67 7. Percepción del producto español 68 8. Canales de distribución 73 8.1. Energía solar a gran escala 73 8.1.1. Iniciativa Pública 73 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la 3 Embajada de España en Sídney EM EL MERCADO DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR EN AUSTRALIA 8.1.2. Promociones solares privadas 77 8.2. Sistemas solares fotovoltaicos a pequeña escala 81 9. Acceso al mercado – Barreras 82 9.1. Principales barreas de acceso al mercado 82 9.1.1. Barreras derivadas del marco regulatorio 82 9.1.2. Otras barreras 84 9.1.3. Aranceles e Impuestos 85 9.2. Factores clave del éxito 86 9.2.1. Pequeña escala 86 9.2.2. Gran escala 86 10. Perspectivas del Sector 88 11. Oportunidades 95 12. Información práctica 97 12.1. Ferias y exhibiciones 97 12.2. Organismos y asociaciones de interés 98 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la 4 Embajada de España en Sídney EM EL MERCADO DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR EN AUSTRALIA 1. Resumen ejecutivo El sector de la energía renovable en general y de la energía solar en particular está experimentando un boom sin precedentes en Australia. En el año 2020, las energías renovables experimentaron un nuevo máximo en el sector, con 62.917 GWh de generación eléctrica. La contribución al mix energético en ese mismo año ascendió a un 27,7 %, lo que supone 3,7 puntos porcentuales más que en 2019. Tasmania y Australia del Sur fueron los estados con mayor porcentaje de generación eléctrica a partir de renovables, con un 99,2 y 59,7 % respectivamente. Estos datos sitúan a las energías limpias como tercera fuente de generación eléctrica del país. Según datos del Clean Energy Council, la principal fuente de energía renovable en 2020 fue la eólica, con un 9,9 % sobre el total de energía generada en el país. Le siguen la energía solar y la hidroeléctrica, con un 9,8 % y 6,4 % respectivamente. Esta última había sido la primera fuente de energía limpia hasta la fecha, viéndose reducida ese año por las grandes sequías producidas. Durante los meses de verano de 2019 en Australia, la electricidad producida por el conjunto de energías renovables ha superado por segunda vez consecutiva a la producida a partir de carbón marrón, y por cuarto año a la energía producida a través de turbinas de gas. En concreto, la penetración de las renovables al mix eléctrico en el mes de febrero de 2019 ha supuesto un 21,1 % según los últimos datos de generación eléctrica recogidos por Green Energy Markets, siendo la energía solar la primera fuente de energía renovable durante ese mes. Estos datos ponen de manifiesto el gran año que 2019 y 2020 han supuesto en el conjunto del sector renovable. En términos generales, la energía solar ha sido la fuente de energía con mayores tasas de crecimiento en la última década, concentrándose fundamentalmente en los últimos 5 años. Las políticas gubernamentales hasta 2020 (gracias al RET), han favorecido en gran medida su implantación, desde prácticamente una producción de 0 en 2006 hasta los 22.528 GWh en 2020. La tecnología solar predominante en la generación de electricidad es la fotovoltaica, siendo muy escaso el uso de tecnología termosolar (0,01 % del total de energía eléctrica renovable generada en 2019). En cuanto a la fotovoltaica, la que mayor contribución al mix eléctrico tiene es el conjunto de la energía solar a pequeña escala (≤100 kW), con un 6,4 % sobre el total. Le siguen la energía solar a gran escala (>1 MW) con un 3, % y la de mediana escala (100 kW-5 MW) con un 0,4 %. En total, en 2019 la capacidad instalada de la energía solar a pequeña escala se ha visto incrementada en más de 2,2 GW en el conjunto del país, lo que representa un crecimiento de un 35 % con respecto a 2018. En los últimos 5 años, la capacidad del conjunto de instalaciones residenciales y comerciales ha aumentado desde los 3 GW hasta los 10 GW. El aumento de la factura de la electricidad, una mayor cobertura por parte de los medios de comunicación en la seguridad del suministro de la red, los incentivos financieros derivados de la regulación del RET y la bajada en los precios de la tecnología han contribuido a la fuerte expansión de este segmento. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la 5 Embajada de España en Sídney EM EL MERCADO DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR EN AUSTRALIA Es destacable que, en el conjunto del país, se han instalado casi 2,6 millones de sistemas solares a pequeña escala en hogares, siendo el estado de Australia del Sur la región con la mayor penetración en paneles solares fotovoltaicos en tejados por hogar del mundo. Respecto a los proyectos solares a gran escala, es un fenómeno relativamente reciente en Australia, y todavía con escaso peso en el mix de generación renovable. Sin embargo, esta tendencia se ha invertido en los últimos años, y al igual que ha ocurrido con el segmento a pequeña escala, 2019 ha supuesto otro boom en el desarrollo de proyectos solares a gran escala. La capacidad total instalada del sector de la energía solar en proyectos de gran escala en el conjunto del país asciende a 2.800 MW, duplicando prácticamente la capacidad total de la industria hasta ese año. Queensland volvió a ser de nuevo el líder en 2019, con la construcción de 10 de los 27 proyectos llevados a cabo en todo el territorio australiano. El segundo puesto lo ocupa Nueva Gales del Sur con seis, seguido de South Australia y Victoria con cuatro cada uno. CAPACIDAD INSTALADA TOTAL Y Nº DE PROYECTOS DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR A GRAN ESCALA EN AUSTRALIA (2019), POR ESTADOS (PROYECTOS COMPLETADOS) 12 900 800 10 700 8 600 500 6 400 4 300 Nº de proyectos de Nº 200 2 (MW) instalada Capacidad 100 0 0 Queensland New South South Australia Western Victoria Northern Tasmania Wales Australia Territory Nº proyectos Capacidad instalada Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de Clean Energy Council. Si se tienen en cuenta el conjunto de los proyectos solares previstos hasta el 22 de noviembre de 2020 (en construcción o anunciados públicamente), la capacidad instalada aumentará 6.493 MW más, lo que supone una inversión de capital de 10.551 millones de dólares australianos. Además, desde comienzos de 2020, según los datos recogidos por el Clean Energy Council, el 65 % de los nuevos proyectos anunciados en el conjunto del sector de las energías renovables proviene del segmento de la energía solar. Muchos de estos proyectos se encuentran fundamentalmente en fases previas de diseño y estudio. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la 6 Embajada de España en Sídney EM EL MERCADO DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR EN AUSTRALIA Cabe destacar el gran nivel de internacionalización que existe en el segmento de energía solar a gran escala (no así en el de pequeña escala). Después de la adquisición de Infigen Energy por parte de Iberdrola en 2020, una de las compañías australianas con mayor cartera de activos del sector renovable, únicamente cinco de los veinte principales desarrolladores de energías renovables en Australia son empresas locales según Rystad Energy. Se trata de un mercado muy fragmentado, en el que participan muchas empresas y ninguna tiene una cuota de mercado mayor al 5 %. Incluso hay retailers como AGL que se están integrando verticalmente hacia atrás, desarrollando también proyectos de energía renovable. A pesar de la intensa competencia, existe una gran presencia de empresas españolas en el sector de la energía solar a gran escala, que contribuyen a la buena imagen de la marca España en el país. Entre las más importantes, ya sean promotoras o EPCistas, se encuentran: FRV, Acciona, Elecnor, Iberdrola, Gransolar y Grupo ACS.
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