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PostGIS 3.1.0alpha1 Manual

i

PostGIS 3.1.0alpha1 Manual

PostGIS 3.1.0alpha1 Manual

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Contents

  • 1
  • Introdução

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1.1 Comitê Diretor do Projeto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Contribuidores Núclero Atuais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Contribuidores Núclero Passado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Outros Contribuidores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • 2
  • Instalação do PostGIS

5

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2.1 Versão Reduzida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Compilando e instalando da fonte: detalhado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 Obtendo o Fonte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Instalando pacotes requeridos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Configuração . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.4 Construindo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.5 Contruindo extensões PostGIS e implantado-as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.6 Testando . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.7 Instalação . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3 Instalando e usando o padronizador de endereço . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 Instalando Regex::Montar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Instalando, Atualizando o Tiger Geocoder e carregando dados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.1 Tiger Geocoder ativando seu banco de dados PostGIS: Usando Extensão . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.1.1 Convertendo uma Instalação Tiger Geocoder Regular para Modelo de Extensão . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.2 Tiger Geocoder Ativando seu banco de dados PostGIS: Sem Utilizar Extensões . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4.3 Usando Padronizador de Endereço com Tiger Geocoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.4.4 Carregando Dados Tiger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.4.5 Atualizando sua Instalação Tiger Geocoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 Problemas comuns durante a instalação . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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  • 3
  • PostGIS Administration

28

3.1 Tuning your configuration for performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.1.1 Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.1.2 Runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2 Configuring raster support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.3 Creating spatial databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.3.1 Spatially enable database using EXTENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3.2 Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION (discouraged) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3.3 Create a spatially-enabled database from a template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4 Upgrading spatial databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4.1 Soft upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4.1.1 Soft Upgrade Pre 9.1+ or without extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.4.1.2 Soft Upgrade 9.1+ using extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4.2 Hard upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

  • 4
  • PostGIS Usage

35

4.1 Usando o PostGIS: Gerenciamento de dados e consultas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.1 Objetos GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.1.1 OpenGIS WKB e WKT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.1.1.2 PostGIS EWKB, EWKT e Formas Canônicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.1.1.3 SQL-MM Part 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1.2 Tipo de geografia POstGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.2.1 Geografia Básica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.2.2 Quando usar o tipo de dados Geografia sobre os dados Geometria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.1.2.3 FAQ de Geografia Avançada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.3 Usando os Padrões OpenGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.3.1 The SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table and Spatial Reference Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.1.3.2 A GEOMETRY_COLUMNS VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.1.3.3 Criando uma Tabela Espacial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.1.3.4 Registrando manualmente as colunas geométricas em geometry_columns . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.1.3.5 Assegurando a confirmação de geometrias OpenGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.1.3.6 Dimensionalidade estendida 9 Modelo de Interseção (DE-9IM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

  • 4.1.3.6.1
  • Teoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.1.4 Carregando dados GIS (Vector) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.1.4.1 Carregando Dados Usando SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.1.4.2 shp2pgsql: Using the ESRI Shapefile Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.1.5 Recuperando dados GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.1.5.1 Usando SQL para recuperar dados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.1.5.2 Usando o Dumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
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4.1.6 Construindo índidces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.1.6.1 Índices GiST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.1.6.2 BRIN Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.1.6.3 SP-GiST Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.1.6.4 Usando Índices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.1.7 Consultas Complexas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.1.7.1 Tirando vantagem dos índices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.1.7.2 Exemplos de SQL espacial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.2 Usando a Geometria do PostGIS: Criando aplicativos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.2.1 Usando o MapServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.2.1.1 Uso Básico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.2.1.2 Perguntas Frequentes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.2.1.3 Uso Avançado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.2.1.4 Exemplos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.2.2 Clientes Java (JDBC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.2.3 Clientes C (libpq) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.2.3.1 Cursores de Texto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.2.3.2 Cursores Binários . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.3 Gerência de dados raster, pesquisas e aplicações . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.3.1 Carregando e criando dados matriciais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.3.1.1 Usando o raster2pgsql para carregar dados matricias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.3.1.2 Criando rasters utilizando as funções rasters do PostGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.3.2 Catálogos Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.3.2.1 Catálogo de Colunas Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.3.2.2 Panoramas Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.3.3 Construindo Aplicações Personalizadas com o PostGIS Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.3.3.1 PHP Exemplo Outputting usando ST_AsPNG em consenso co outras funções raster . . . . . . 76 4.3.3.2 ASP.NET C# Exemplo gerado usando ST_AsPNG em consenso com outras funções raster . . . 77 4.3.3.3 O app console Java que gera a consulta raster como arquivo de imagem . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.3.3.4 Use PLPython para excluir imagens via SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.3.3.5 Rasters de saída com PSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.4 Topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.4.1 Tipos de topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.4.1.1 getfaceedges_returntype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.4.1.2 TopoGeometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.4.1.3 validatetopology_returntype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4.2 Domínios de Topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4.2.1 TopoElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 4.4.2.2 TopoElementArray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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4.4.3 Gerenciamento de Topologia e TopoGeometria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.4.3.1 AddTopoGeometryColumn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4.4.3.2 DropTopology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.4.3.3 DropTopoGeometryColumn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.4.3.4 Populate_Topology_Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4.4.3.5 TopologySummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 4.4.3.6 ValidateTopology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.4.4 Construtores de topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.4.4.1 Cria topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4.4.4.2 CopyTopology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 4.4.4.3 ST_InitTopoGeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4.4.4.4 ST_CreateTopoGeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4.4.4.5 TopoGeo_AddPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4.4.4.6 TopoGeo_AddLineString . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4.4.4.7 TopoGeo_AddPolygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.4.5 Editores de Topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.4.5.1 ST_AddIsoNode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4.4.5.2 ST_AddIsoEdge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4.4.5.3 ST_AddEdgeNewFaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 4.4.5.4 ST_AddEdgeModFace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 4.4.5.5 ST_RemEdgeNewFace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4.4.5.6 ST_RemEdgeModFace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4.4.5.7 ST_ChangeEdgeGeom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4.4.5.8 ST_ModEdgeSplit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.4.5.9 ST_ModEdgeHeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.4.5.10 ST_NewEdgeHeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4.4.5.11 ST_MoveIsoNode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4.4.5.12 ST_NewEdgesSplit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 4.4.5.13 ST_RemoveIsoNode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 4.4.5.14 ST_RemoveIsoEdge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.4.6 Assessores de Topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.4.6.1 GetEdgeByPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 4.4.6.2 GetFaceByPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 4.4.6.3 GetNodeByPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 4.4.6.4 GetTopologyID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 4.4.6.5 GetTopologySRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.4.6.6 GetTopologyName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.4.6.7 ST_GetFaceEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 4.4.6.8 ST_GetFaceGeometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
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4.4.6.9 GetRingEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4.4.6.10 GetNodeEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.4.7 Processamento de Topologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.4.7.1 Polygonize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 4.4.7.2 AddNode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 4.4.7.3 AddEdge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4.4.7.4 AddFace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 4.4.7.5 ST_Simplify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.4.8 Construtores de TopoGeometria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.4.8.1 CreateTopoGeom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 4.4.8.2 toTopoGeom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 4.4.8.3 TopoElementArray_Agg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.4.9 Editores de TopoGeometria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.4.9.1 clearTopoGeom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 4.4.9.2 TopoGeom_addElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 4.4.9.3 TopoGeom_remElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 4.4.9.4 toTopoGeom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.4.10 Assessores de TopoGeometria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.4.10.1 GetTopoGeomElementArray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 4.4.10.2 GetTopoGeomElements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.4.11 TopoGeometry Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.4.11.1 AsGML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 4.4.11.2 AsTopoJSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.4.12 Relações de Topologia Espacial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
4.4.12.1 Equivalentes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 4.4.12.2 Intercepta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
4.5 Padronizador de endereço . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.5.1 Como o analisador sintático funciona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 4.5.2 Tipos de padronizador de endereço . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.5.2.1 stdaddr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.5.3 Mesas de padronizador de endereço . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.5.3.1 mesa de regras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 4.5.3.2 lex table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 4.5.3.3 gaz table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
4.5.4 Funções do padronizador de endereços . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
4.5.4.1 parse_address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 4.5.4.2 standardize_address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.6 PostGIS Extras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
4.6.1 Tiger Geocoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
PostGIS 3.1.0alpha1 Manual

vii

4.6.1.1 Drop_Indexes_Generate_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 4.6.1.2 Drop_Nation_Tables_Generate_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 4.6.1.3 Drop_State_Tables_Generate_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 4.6.1.4 Geocode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 4.6.1.5 Geocode_Intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 4.6.1.6 Get_Geocode_Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 4.6.1.7 Get_Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4.6.1.8 Install_Missing_Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4.6.1.9 Loader_Generate_Census_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 4.6.1.10 Loader_Generate_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 4.6.1.11 Loader_Generate_Nation_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 4.6.1.12 Missing_Indexes_Generate_Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.6.1.13 Normalize_Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.6.1.14 Pagc_Normalize_Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 4.6.1.15 Pprint_Addy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 4.6.1.16 Reverse_Geocode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 4.6.1.17 Topology_Load_Tiger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 4.6.1.18 Set_Geocode_Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.7 Dicas de desempenho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.7.1 Pequenas tabelas de grandes geometrias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.7.1.1 Descrição do problema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 4.7.1.2 Soluções . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.7.2 CLUSTERizando índices geométricos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 4.7.3 Evitando conversão de dimensões . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

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