DOCSLIB.ORG

CHEM 110 Week 1 Inorganic Chemistry I Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CHEM 110 Week 1 Inorganic Chemistry I Atoms, Elements, and Compounds CHEM 110 Week 1 Inorganic Chemistry I Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Week 1 Reading Assignment Your week 1 reading assignment has been selected from chapters 3 and 5 in your textbook. As part of your reading assignment, you are expected to work the sample problems and the selected “questions and problems” at the end of your book sections. The answers to the odd numbered “questions and problems” can be found at the end of your book chapters. You should use this key to check yourself. If you are having problems arriving at the correct answer as listed in the back of your book chapter, please email me. Read section 3.1 and answer the odd numbered “questions and problems” on page 85. Read section 3.2 and answer the odd numbered “questions and problems” on page 91. Read section 3.3 and answer “questions and problems” 3.15 and 3.17 on page 94. You do not have to know the experimental details used to determine the structure of an atom. Read section 3.4 and answer the odd numbered “questions and problems” on page 97. Read about isotopes and atomic mass in section 3.5 and answer “questions and problems” 3.29 and 3.31 on page 100. Skip the part on calculating atomic mass using isotopes. Read section 3.6. Read section 3.7. Read about “Group Number and Valence Electrons” and “Electron-Dot Symbols” in section 3.8. Answer “questions and problems” 3.57 and 3.59 on page 118. Read section 5.1 and answer the odd numbered “questions and problems” on page 163 and 164. Read section 5.2 and answer the odd numbered “questions and problems” on page 166. Read section 5.3. You will not be responsible for naming ionic formulas. Answer “questions and problems” 5.17 and 5.23 on page 170. Read section 5.4 and answer “questions and problems” 5.31 on page 174. Skip the part about naming compounds containing polyatomic ions. Read pages 175 – 178 of section 5.5 and answer “questions and problems” 5.37 and 5.39. Skip section 5.6. Read section 5.7 and answer “questions and problems” 5.53, 5.55, and 5.57. Skip section 5.8 and 5.9. Week 1 Study Guide As stated in your syllabus, the tests in this class are closed-notes, closed-book, and closed to internet searches. In addition, you are not allowed to work together. The learning objectives provided below should be mastered before you take the week 1 quiz. For your convenience, the learning objectives for week 1 will be followed by helpful hints and/or sample test questions so that you can get a feel for what Dr. Gryzenia the week 1 quiz in this class will be like. An electronic periodic table will be provided as needed on the quiz to help you answer some of the questions. The periodic table that will be provided is shown below: Before taking the week 1 quiz, you should be able to meet the following learning objectives: Chapter 3 Memorize the names and correct spelling of the following 15 elements: calcium (Ca), carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), gold (Au), hydrogen (H), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), and sulfur (S). [Chapter 3.1] Memorize the chemical symbols of the following 15 elements: calcium (Ca), carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), gold (Au), hydrogen (H), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), and sulfur (S). [Chapter 3.1] Quiz Me 1. What is the chemical symbol for potassium? Quiz Me 2: What is the chemical symbol for silver? Use the periodic table to identify the groups and periods. [Chapter 3.2] Helpful hint: Periods are used as punctuation at the end of some sentences. Sentences are written in a horizontal fashion, just like the rows within the periodic table. If you associate periods with horizontal sentences, then it will help you remember that the horizontal rows in the periodic table are called periods. Dr. Gryzenia Quiz Me 3: Give the period and group number for Au. On the test, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. A. Period 1B (11), Group 6 B. Period 1B (11), Group 5 C. Period 6, Group 1B (11) D. Period 5, Group 1B (11) Identify elements as transition elements, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. [Chapter 3.2] Quiz Me 4: Which one of the following is an alkaline earth metal? On the test, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. A. Chlorine B. Calcium C. Nitrogen D. Sodium E. Iron Describe the physical properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. [Chapter 3.2] Quiz Me 5: Which one of the following reacts vigorously with water and forms white products when they combine with oxygen? A. the halogens B. the noble gases C. the alkali metals D. the transition elements E. the alkaline earth metals Define metal, nonmetal, and metalloid and classify elements as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. [Chapter 3.2] Helpful hint: Table 3.3 in your textbook does a nice job of comparing and contrasting metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Quiz Me 6: Which one of the following is the best conductor of heat and electricity? A. metal B. metalloid C. nonmetal Dr. Gryzenia Quiz Me 7: Which one of the following is the best conductor of heat and electricity? On the quiz, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. A. Chlorine B. Silicon (Si) C. Calcium D. Arsenic (As) E. Fluorine Define atom, compound, chemical reaction, electron, proton, neutron, and nucleus. [Chapter 3.3] Quiz Me 8: Which one of the following is negatively charged? A. proton B. atom C. electron D. nucleus E. neutron Discuss Dalton’s atomic theory and know the type of microscope that is needed to visualize an atom. [Chapter 3.3] Interesting fact: The inventors of this type of microscope won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. Describe the structure and organization of the atom. [Chapter 3.3] Helpful Hint: Use Figure 3.10 in your textbook the help you visualize the structure and the organization of the atom. Quiz Me 9: Which of the following is TRUE about the organization of the atom? A. Neutrons are found within the nucleus of an atom. B. Electrons are found within the nucleus of an atom. C. Protons are found within the nucleus of an atom. D. A and C are TRUE. E. B and C are TRUE. Define atomic mass unit (amu) and Dalton (Da), and know the relative mass of the proton, neutron, and electron. [Chapter 3.3] Quiz Me 10: Which one of the following is TRUE? A. An amu is defined as 1/12 of the mass of the hydrogen atom. B. An amu is defined as 1/12 of the mass of the carbon atom. C. An amu is defined as 1/12 of the mass of the sulfur atom. D. An amu is defined as 1/12 of the mass of the phosphorus atom. E. An amu is defined as 1/12 of the mass of the oxygen atom. Explain the meaning of the atomic number. [Chapter 3.4] Dr. Gryzenia Quiz Me 11: What is the atomic number for the element oxygen? On the quiz, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. A. 76 B. 16 C. 14 D. 8 E. 2 Explain the meaning of the mass number. [Chapter 3.4] Helpful hint: Since electrons are so small, they essentially contribute zero to the mass of an atom. The mass number of an atom is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. Keep in mind that the mass number is always larger than the atomic number. Given the atomic number and the mass number of an atom, calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons… and vice versa. [Chapter 3.4] Quiz Me 12: How many protons are in a neutral bromine (Br) atom that has a mass number of 80? On the quiz, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. Quiz Me 13: How many electrons are in a neutral bromine (Br) atom that has a mass number of 80? On the quiz, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. Quiz Me 14: How many neutrons are in a neutral bromine (Br) atom that has a mass number of 80? On the quiz, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. Define isotope, write and recognize atomic symbols for a given isotope, and give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one or more of the isotopes of an element. [Chapter 3.5] Quiz Me 15: Give the number of neutrons in C-14. On the quiz, the periodic table will be provided to help you answer this question. Describe the energy levels and sublevels for the electrons in an atom. [Chapter 3.6] Quiz Me 16: Which one of the following sublevels has the lowest energy level? A. the p sublevel B. the d sublevel C. the s sublevel D. the f sublevel Define valence electrons and determine the number of valence electrons in a given element. [Chapter 3.8] Quiz Me 17: How many valence electrons are in magnesium (Mg)? Identify electron dot symbols for the elements. [Chapter 3.8] Dr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Course CHEM 3341, Inorganic Chemistry Professor Dr. Sheel Dodani Term Fall 2016 Meetings MWF 10:00-10:50 AM, MC 2.410
    Course CHEM 3341, Inorganic Chemistry Professor Dr. Sheel Dodani Term Fall 2016 Meetings MWF 10:00-10:50 AM, MC 2.410 Professor’s Contact Information Office Phone 972-883-7283 Other Phone N/A Office Location Bioengineering Science Building (BSB) Email Address [email protected] Office Hours Wednesdays 11:30 AM – 12:30 PM, Thursdays 4 PM – 5 PM BSB 11.302 Other Information Please contact me for appointments outside of office hours General Course Information Pre-requisites, Co- requisites, & other Chem 2323 and Chem 2325 restrictions Survey of inorganic chemistry with emphasis on the modern concepts and theories of inorganic chemistry including electronic and geometric Course Description structure of inorganic compounds. Topics address contemporary physical and descriptive inorganic chemistry. Objectives The goal of this course is to provide students with a thorough foundation in atomic structure, periodicity, bonding and symmetry with subsequent extension of these basic principles to acid/base, solid state and coordination chemistry. Students will develop an understanding of the elements and the ability to predict the structures, certain properties and reactivities of a range of representative ionic and covalent compounds. Learning Expected Learning Outcomes Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, students will therefore: 1. Be able to explain atomic structure and bonding using currently accepted theories. 2. Be able to use group theory to describe molecular orbital diagrams and molecular properties. 3. Be able to integrate knowledge of atomic structure with the structure and properties of ionic and molecular compounds. 4. Be able to explain the history, bonding and properties of representative main group elements, coordination and organometallic compounds Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition Required Texts & by Gary L.
    [Show full text]
  • General Inorganic Chemistry
    General Inorganic Chemistry Pre DP Chemistry Period 1 • Teacher: Annika Nyberg • [email protected] • Urgent messages via Wilma! Klicka här för att ändra format på underrubrik i bakgrunden • Course book: • CliffsNotes: Chemistry Quick Review http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/virtualtextbook.html Content • Introduction • The Structure of Matter (Chapter 1) • The Atom (Chapter 2 and 3) • Chemical bonding (Chapter 5) • The Mole (Chapter 2) • Solutions (Chapter 9) • Acids and bases (Chapter 10) • Quiz • Revision • EXAM 9.00-11.45 Assessment Exam: 80 % Quiz: 20% + practical work, activity and absences 1. Chemistry: a Science for the twenty-first century ● Chemistry has ancient roots, but is now a modern and active, evolving science. ● Chemistry is often called the central science, because a basic knowledge of chemistry is essential for students in biology, physics, geology and many other subjects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTlnrhiadnI ● Chemical research and development has provided us with new substances with specific properties. These substances have improved the quality of our lives. Health and medicine vaccines sanitation systems antibiotics anesthesia and all other drugs Energy new alternative energy sources (e.g. solar energy to electric energy, nuclear fission) electric cars with long lasting batteries Environment greenhouse gases acid rain and smog Materials and Technology ● polymers (rubber and nylon), ceramics (cookware), liquid crystals (electronic displays), adhesives (Post-It notes), coatings (latex-paint), silicon chips (computers) Food and Agriculture substances for biotechnology ● The purpose of this course is to make you understand how chemists see the world. ● In other words, if you see one thing (in the macroscopic world) you think another (visualize the particles and events in the microscopic world).
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry ‐ Student Learning Outcomes CHEM 100 Introduction to Chemistry 1.Analyze Chemical Reactions and Chemical Problems Through Stoichiometry
    Chemistry ‐ Student Learning Outcomes CHEM 100 Introduction To Chemistry 1.analyze chemical reactions and chemical problems through stoichiometry. (ILO2) 2. predict properties of matter using atomic theory. (ILO2) 3. use the periodic table properly to determine trends in elements (atomic size, number of valence electrons, metallic character, electronegativity, etc.). (ILO2, ILO4) 4. perform chemical experiments in a safe, accurate, and scientific manner, using proper glasswares, graphs, and spreadsheets. (ILO2, ILO4) CHEM 160 Introduction to General, 1. calculate drug dosage using English and Metric unit interconversions and dimensional Organic & Biological analysis. (ILO4) Chemistry 2. identify different classes of organic compounds. (ILO2) 3. identify different functional groups in organic compounds. (ILO2) 4. write a research paper on biochemical disorders. (ILO4) 5. discuss the geographical/ethnic distribution of biochemical disorders. (ILO5) CHEM 200 General Inorganic Chemistry I 1. perform dimensional analysis calculations as they relate to problems involving percent composition and density. (ISLO2) 2. write chemical formulas, and name inorganic compounds. (ISLO2) 3. relate chemical equations and stoichiometry as they apply to the mole concept. (ISLO2) 4. identify the basic types of chemical reactions including precipitation, neutralization, and oxidation‐reduction. (ISLO4) 5. knowledge of atomic structure and quantum mechanics and apply these concepts to the study of periodic properties of the elements. (ISLO4) CHEM 202 General Inorganic Chemistry 1. examine and develop concepts of covalent bonding, orbital hybridization and II molecular orbital theory. (ISLO4) 2. identify and perform organic addition and elimination reactions. (ISLO2) 3. compare and analyze Thermodynamics properties and differentiate between spontaneity and maximum useful work heat and Free energy. (ISLO2) 4.
    [Show full text]
  • 25Th Anniversary of Molecules—Recent Advances in Inorganic Chemistry
    molecules Editorial 25th Anniversary of Molecules—Recent Advances in Inorganic Chemistry Burgert Blom 1,* , Erika Ferrari 2 , Vassilis Tangoulis 3 ,Cédric R. Mayer 4, Axel Klein 5 and Constantinos C. Stoumpos 6 1 Maastricht Science Programme, Assistant Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands 2 Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; [email protected] 4 Laboratoire LuMin, FRE CNRS 2036, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centrale Supelec, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay CEDEX, France; [email protected] 5 Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Köln, Germany; [email protected] 6 Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Celebrating the “25th Anniversary of Molecules” with a Special Issue dedicated to “Recent Advances in Inorganic Chemistry” strengthens the renewed role that inorganic chemistry, one of the oldest chemistry divisions, has lately earned thanks to cutting-edge perspectives and interdisciplinary applications, eventually receiving the veneration and respect which its age might require [1,2]. The last 25 years have seen staggering advances in both solid-state, molecular, catalytic Citation: Blom, B.; Ferrari, E.; Tangoulis, V.; Mayer, C.R.; Klein, A.; and bio-inorganic chemistry. Some notable highlights in molecular inorganic chemistry Stoumpos, C.C. 25th Anniversary of over the last 2.5 decades certainly must include the propensity of heavy p-block elements Molecules—Recent Advances in (those in period 3 or higher) to undergo multiple bonding with other heavy p-block Inorganic Chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry and Biochemistry (CHBC) 1
    Chemistry and Biochemistry (CHBC) 1 3. Each advanced degree candidate must present a suitable program Chemistry and of advanced courses and research. The specific courses needed to provide a basis for scholarly work beyond the B.S. level will vary with Biochemistry (CHBC) the student’s undergraduate preparation, area of concentration and the degree sought. Individual course enrollments must be approved initially by the graduate adviser and subsequently by the student’s Matt McIntosh advisory committee. Department Chair 119 Chemistry Building 4. Every student must register for a minimum of one credit hour of 479-575-4362 CHEM 600V or CHEM 700V in each term during which the student Email: [email protected] is present and doing thesis or dissertation research. Post-candidacy doctoral students are required to be enrolled in at least one hour Julie Stenken of dissertation credit (CHEM 700V) every semester (fall, spring, Director of Graduate Studies summer), until the degree is conferred. 119 Chemistry Building 479-575-7945 Additional Requirement for Master of Science Degree:The Master Email: [email protected] of Science degree in Chemistry requires a minimum 24 hours of course work plus six hours of thesis. A thesis reporting original research will be Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Website (https:// required of all candidates for the Master of Science degree in chemistry. fulbright.uark.edu/departments/chemistry/) Students should also be aware of Graduate School requirements with Degrees Conferred: regard to master's degrees (http://catalog.uark.edu/graduatecatalog/ M.S., Ph.D. in Chemistry (CHEMMS, CHEMPH) degreerequirements/#mastersdegreestext). Areas of Study: Analytical, inorganic, organic, physical, biophysical, and Requirements for Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Mendeleev's Periodic Table of the Elements the Periodic Table Is Thus
    An Introduction to General / Inorganic Chemistry Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of the Elements Dmitri Mendeleev born 1834 in the Soviet Union. In 1869 he organised the 63 known elements into a periodic table based on atomic masses. He predicted the existence and properties of unknown elements and pointed out accepted atomic weights that were in error. The periodic table is thus an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. Elements are arranged in rows called periods. Elements with similar properties are placed in the same column. These columns are called groups. An Introduction to General / Inorganic Chemistry The modern day periodic table can be further divided into blocks. http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html The s, p, d and f blocks This course only deals with the s and p blocks. The s block is concerned only with the filling of s orbitals and contains groups I and II which have recently been named 1 and 2. The p block is concerned only with the filling of p orbitals and contains groups III to VIII which have recently been named 13 to 18. An Introduction to General / Inorganic Chemistry Groups exist because the electronic configurations of the elements within each group are the same. Group Valence Electronic configuration 1 s1 2 s2 13 s2p1 14 s2p2 15 s2p3 16 s2p4 17 s2p5 18 s2p6 The type of chemistry exhibited by an element is reliant on the number of valence electrons, thus the chemistry displayed by elements within a given group is similar. Physical properties Elemental physical properties can also be related to electronic configuration as illustrated in the following four examples: An Introduction to General / Inorganic Chemistry 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scope of Inorganic Chemistry
    The Scope of Inorganic Chemistry Medicine Biochemistry/Biology Organic Chemistry •MRI • metalloproteins • organometallics •X-ray contrast imaging • metalloenzymes • metal compounds in •drugs (arthritis, cancer,… • O2 binding synthesis/catalysis • catalysis • ion transport INORGANIC CHEMISTRY • new compounds • geometrical and electronic structures • reactivity Materials Science Organometallic Geology/Geochemistry • electrical and magnetic Chemistry • synthesis and structure properties of solids • new compounds of minerals • solid state structures • structures • stellar evolution • semiconductors • catalysis • astrochemistry • superconductors (high Tc) If some universal catastrophe were to engulf the world, and humankind Could retain one scientific concept in order to rebuild civilization, what would that one concept be? Response for physicists (Richard Feynman in “Six Easy Pieces”): The modern idea of atoms. Response for chemists: The periodic table The periodic table encapsulates the concept of elements, organizes physical and chemical trends of substances, and compares the structure of the different atoms— All in a very small space. Inorganic Chemists think they own the Periodic Table. So, How did it all start? 4 8 Be with t1/2 of ca. 10-18 sec 6 2 4 3Li + 1H 2 2He + Energy Stable vs. Unstable or Fissionable Nuclei Project no. 1. Nuclear Reactions; Web Elements WebElementsTM Periodic Table Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Period 1 2 1 H He 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg Al Si P
    [Show full text]
  • A Deductive Approach to Biogenesis! Rob Hengeveld* Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
    ry: C ist urr m en e t Hengeveld, Organic Chem Curr Res 2015, 4:1 h R C e c s i e DOI: 10.4172/2161-0401.1000135 n a a r Organic Chemistry c g r h O ISSN: 2161-0401 Current Research ResearchReview Article Article OpenOpen Access Access A Deductive Approach to Biogenesis! Rob Hengeveld* Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract This article reviews the main arguments on the nature of the early startup of life. It first puts the biogenetical processes into a physical and systems-theoretical perspective. Biogenesis in this case would not be about the construction of individual molecules according to a chemical approach, but about building up an energetically self- sustaining, dynamically organized chemical system from scratch. Initially, this system would have separated out from generally operating physicochemical processes, gradually becoming more independent of them. As a system, it had to build up its structure stepwise, each stage being more complex and stable than the previous one, without, however, changing its basic structure too much; as long as the structure of a system stays intact, it still operates in the same way even if chemical constituents change. This property of a system became especially useful when the systems, which had already evolved and operated for some 1.3 billion years, had to adapt to new environmental conditions at the time of the Great Oxygen Event, the GOE, and some 2.5 billion years ago. As energy processing systems, their constituent molecules carry the energy and can as such be replaced by other, more efficient ones as soon as the system require, or as soon as external chemical conditions change.
    [Show full text]
  • Causal Explanation and the Periodic Table
    Synthese https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-01982-0 Causal explanation and the periodic table Lauren N. Ross1 Received: 3 December 2017 / Accepted: 8 October 2018 © Springer Nature B.V. 2018 Abstract The periodic table represents and organizes all known chemical elements on the basis of their properties. While the importance of this table in chemistry is uncontroversial, the role that it plays in scientific reasoning remains heavily disputed. Many philosophers deny the explanatory role of the table and insist that it is “merely” classificatory (Shapere, in F. Suppe (Ed.) The structure of scientific theories, University of Illinois Press, Illinois, 1977; Scerri in Erkenntnis 47:229–243, 1997). In particular, it has been claimed that the table does not figure in causal explanation because it “does not reveal causal structure” (Woody in Science after the practice turn in the philosophy, history, and social studies of science, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, New York, 2014). This paper provides an analysis of what it means to say that a scientific figure reveals causal structure and it argues that the modern periodic table does just this. It also clarifies why these “merely” classificatory claims have seemed so compelling–this is because these claims often focus on the earliest periodic tables, which lack the causal structure present in modern versions. Keywords Causation · Explanation · Philosophy of chemistry · Classification · Causal reasoning 1 Introduction To the extent that there is a trademark figure for the field of chemistry it is surely the periodic table. Considered by many to capture the “essence” of this scientific domain, the periodic table represents and organizes all known chemical elements on the basis of their properties (Scerri 2007, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Inorganic Chemistry Periodicproperties 1
    7 inch 2.5 inch PERIODIC PROPERTIES 2.5 inch 2.5 inch I NDEX Topic Page No. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PERIODICPROPERTIES 1. Classification of Elements and Periodicityin properties 01 2. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law 03 3. Modern Periodic Law 07 4. Effective Nuclear Charge 11 5. AtomicSize 12 6. IonisationPotential 15 7. ElectronAffinity 18 8. Electronegativity 20 9. Density 27 10. DiagonalRelationship 28 11. Metallic Character 28 12. Non-metallic character 29 PERIODIC PROPERTIES Topic Page No. 13. Reactivity,Oxidation state,Valency 29 14. Acid-base behaviour of oxides and hydroxides 30 15. Atomicvolume 30 16. Graphs of periodic properties 30 17. General Trend of different properties in the period and groups 35 18. Important facts of remember 36 19. Solved Examples 38 20 Exercise - 1 41 Exercise - 2 46 Exercise - 3 51 Exercise - 4 55 21. Answer Key 58 22. Hints/Solution 60 ACC- CH-PERIODIC PROPERTIES 1 PERIODIC PROPERTIES CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES Need for classification: It is verydifficult to studyindividuallythechemistryofall the elements and millionsoftheircompounds, hence to simplifyand systematize the studyof chemistryof the elements and their compounds, theyare classified into groups and periods. Earlyattempt to classifythe elements: Classification of Lavoiser Elements had been classified into two major groups by Lavoiser 1. Metals 2. Non–metals This classification was based on the differences in their properties. The metal word itself can be considered an acronym in which each alphabet signifies a characteristic of these substances: 1. M = malleability.The most malleable beingAu and Pt. s–block < p–block < d–block > f–block. M = meltingpoint (also boiling point)of the metals in general is high.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of Matter, Its Composition and Properties, and the Changes It Undergoes
    1-1 SECTION 1 BASIC DEFINITIONS AND VOCABULARY ON STRUCTURE OF MATTER This section introduces terms and definitions which make up the vocabulary of the language of chemistry. Starting with atoms it progresses to elements, molecules and compounds. It shows how a substance can be simply represented by a chemical formula made up of both letters and numbers. Many of the terms may be familiar to the layperson, but not necessarily their precise definitions in the context of chemistry. Chemistry: The study of matter, its composition and properties, and the changes it undergoes. Matter: Anything that has rest mass. To develop this topic we need to define the atom, the basic unit of common matter. Atom: A neutral particle consisting of a nucleus containing most of its mass, and electrons occupying most of its volume. Electron: A subatomic particle with a charge of -1. Nucleus: Consists of two types of subatomic particles; protons, each with an electric charge of +1, and neutrons which have no charge. Atomic number: Symbol Z, the number of protons in the atom. Mass number: Symbol A, the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom. (Nucleon is a term for either a proton or neutron. Thus A is the number of nucleons in an atom and the number of neutrons is A-Z.) Element: A substance composed of atoms all of which have the same atomic number, i.e. the same number of protons in the nucleus, and thus the same number of electrons. The atomic number defines the element. Each element has a name (of varying historic origin) and a shorthand symbol.
    [Show full text]
  • States of Origin: Influences on Research Into the Origins of Life
    COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS THESIS This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author - subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Director of Copyright Services sydney.edu.au/copyright Influences on Research into the Origins of Life. Idan Ben-Barak Unit for the History and Philosophy of Science Faculty of Science The University of Sydney A thesis submitted to the University of Sydney as fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2014 Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a University or other institute of higher learning.
    [Show full text]