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Devoloping an Erosion Model of Surif, Beit Ummar, And

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Devoloping an Erosion Model of Surif, Beit Ummar, And DEVOLOPING AN EROSION MODEL OF SURIF, BEIT UMMAR, AND TARQUMYA CATCHMENT AREAS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SOFTWARE AND REVISED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION (RUSLE) BY IYAD ZAMAREH NAZEH QTET RAMI AL-ATAWNEH TAHA ASAFRA A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SUPERVISED BY ENG. MAHER OWAIWI CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT COLLGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PALESTINE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY HEBRON- WEST BANK PALESTINE JUNE - 2008 DEVOLOPING AN EROSION MODEL OF SURIF, BEIT UMMAR, AND TARQUMYA CATCHMENT AREAS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SOFTWARE AND REVISED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION (RUSLE) BY IYAD ZAMAREH NAZEH QTET RAMI AL-ATAWNEH TAHA ASAFRA A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SUPERVISED BY ENG. MAHER OWAIWI CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT COLLGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PALESTINE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY HEBRON- WEST BANK PALESTINE JUNE - 2008 I CERTIFICATION Palestine Polytechnic University PPU Hebron-Palestine The Senior Project Entitled: DEVOLOPING AN EROSION MODEL OF SURIF, BEIT UMMAR, AND TARQUMYA CATCHMENT AREAS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SOFTWARE AND REVISED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION (RUSLE) Prepared By: IYAD ZAMAREH NAZEH QTET RAMI AL-ATAWNEH TAHA ASAFRA In accordance with the recommendations of the project supervisor, and the acceptance of all examining committee members, this project has been submitted to the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering in the College of Engineering and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Department for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering. Project Supervisors Department Chairman JUNE - 2008 II Dedication ، ، ، ﻻ ﺣﻴﺎ : ، ، : ، ............... ............... .............. III ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to express our deepest thanks and gratitude to Eng. Maher Owaiwi who is sincerely appreciated for his many significant suggestions and advices. We are most grateful for his generosity. And we would like to express our grateful to teacher: Nedal Abu Rajab for his advices. Finally, we extended our thank to members in the Civil Engineering Department, especially the part of Surveying Engineering, whom help us in designing our project. Team Work IV Table of Contents CERTIFICATION...................................................................................................................................II DEDICATION.......................................................................................................................................III ACKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................................................................................IV TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................V LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................................IX LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................... XI ARABIC ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ XII ENGLISH ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................XIII CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND SITE DESCRIBTION 1 1.1 Summary............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Background..........................................................................................................................2 1.3 Problem Definition.............................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Location ..............................................................................................................................3 1.5 Topography .........................................................................................................................3 1.6 Soil...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.7 Vegetation and Land use ....................................................................................................5 1.8 Population............................................................................................................................ 8 1.9 Hydrological Parameters..................................................................................................... 9 1.9.1 Climate ..............................................................................................................................10 1.9.2 Temperature and Humidity................................................................................................. 10 1.9.3 Precipitation........................................................................................................................ 10 1.9.4 Evaporation ......................................................................................................................10 1.9.5 Infiltration.......................................................................................................................... 12 1.9.6 Runoff and Surface Catchment Areas ...............................................................................12 1.10 Geology and Stratigraphy .................................................................................................12 1.10.1 Kobar Formation (Aptian to Albian) ................................................................................15 1.10.2 Lower Beit Kahil Formation (Albian) ............................................................................. 15 1.10.3 Yatta Formation (Lower Middle Cenomanian) ............................................................... 15 1.10.4 Upper Middle Cenomanian-Turonian Rocks.................................................................... 15 1.10.4.1 Hebron Formation (Upper Middle Cenomanian)..................................... .........................16 1.10.4.2 Bethlehem Formation (Upper Cenomanian)................................... ..................................16 1.10.4.3 Jerusalem Formation (Upper Cenomanian-Turonian)...................................................…16 1.10.4.4 Abu Dis Formation (Senonian)......................................................................................... 16 V 1.10.5 Tertiary (Eocene).............................................................................................................16 1.10.6 Alluvium Formation(Quaternary) ................................................................................. 16 1.10.7 Nari Formation (Quaternary)...........................................................................................17 1.11 Geological Structure of Study Area.................................................................................17 1.11.1 Folds.................................................................................................................................17 1.11.2 Faults................................................................................................................................18 1.11.3 Joints.................................................................................................................................18 CHAPTER 2: OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 19 2.1 Duration of the study........................................................................................................20 2.2 Objectives.........................................................................................................................21 2.3 Expected results and outputs............................................................................................21 2.4 Expected Benefits.............................................................................................................21 2.5 Methodology....................................................................................................................22 2.6 Field work........................................................................................................................23 2.6.1 Infiltration Rate................................................................................................................24 2.6.2 Field infiltration test.........................................................................................................25 2.7 Laboratory Work..............................................................................................................27 2.7.1 Soil lab.............................................................................................................................27 2.7.2 GIS lab.............................................................................................................................31 2.8 Literature review..............................................................................................................31 CHAPTER 3: GIS SOFTWARE OVERVIEW 32 3.1 GIS Definition..................................................................................................................33
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