Paper Number: 1485 New Paleomagnetic Results from the Mesozoic Rocks of the Indochina Block
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The Origin and Early Evolution of Dinosaurs
Biol. Rev. (2010), 85, pp. 55–110. 55 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs Max C. Langer1∗,MartinD.Ezcurra2, Jonathas S. Bittencourt1 and Fernando E. Novas2,3 1Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de S˜ao Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir˜ao Preto-SP, Brazil 2Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada y Evoluci´on de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’, Avda. Angel Gallardo 470, Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina 3CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y T´ecnicas); Avda. Rivadavia 1917 - Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Received 28 November 2008; revised 09 July 2009; accepted 14 July 2009) ABSTRACT The oldest unequivocal records of Dinosauria were unearthed from Late Triassic rocks (approximately 230 Ma) accumulated over extensional rift basins in southwestern Pangea. The better known of these are Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Pisanosaurus mertii, Eoraptor lunensis,andPanphagia protos from the Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina, and Staurikosaurus pricei and Saturnalia tupiniquim from the Santa Maria Formation, Brazil. No uncontroversial dinosaur body fossils are known from older strata, but the Middle Triassic origin of the lineage may be inferred from both the footprint record and its sister-group relation to Ladinian basal dinosauromorphs. These include the typical Marasuchus lilloensis, more basal forms such as Lagerpeton and Dromomeron, as well as silesaurids: a possibly monophyletic group composed of Mid-Late Triassic forms that may represent immediate sister taxa to dinosaurs. The first phylogenetic definition to fit the current understanding of Dinosauria as a node-based taxon solely composed of mutually exclusive Saurischia and Ornithischia was given as ‘‘all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of birds and Triceratops’’. -
The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Antetonitrus Ingenipes (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): Implications for the Origins of Sauropoda
THE ANATOMY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ANTETONITRUS INGENIPES (SAUROPODIFORMES, DINOSAURIA): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGINS OF SAUROPODA Blair McPhee A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2013 i ii ABSTRACT A thorough description and cladistic analysis of the Antetonitrus ingenipes type material sheds further light on the stepwise acquisition of sauropodan traits just prior to the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. Although the forelimb of Antetonitrus and other closely related sauropododomorph taxa retains the plesiomorphic morphology typical of a mobile grasping structure, the changes in the weight-bearing dynamics of both the musculature and the architecture of the hindlimb document the progressive shift towards a sauropodan form of graviportal locomotion. Nonetheless, the presence of hypertrophied muscle attachment sites in Antetonitrus suggests the retention of an intermediary form of facultative bipedality. The term Sauropodiformes is adopted here and given a novel definition intended to capture those transitional sauropodomorph taxa occupying a contiguous position on the pectinate line towards Sauropoda. The early record of sauropod diversification and evolution is re- examined in light of the paraphyletic consensus that has emerged regarding the ‘Prosauropoda’ in recent years. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express sincere gratitude to Adam Yates for providing me with the opportunity to do ‘real’ palaeontology, and also for gladly sharing his considerable knowledge on sauropodomorph osteology and phylogenetics. This project would not have been possible without the continued (and continual) support (both emotionally and financially) of my parents, Alf and Glenda McPhee – Thank you. -
The Pelvic and Hind Limb Anatomy of the Stem-Sauropodomorph Saturnalia Tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil)
PaleoBios 23(2):1–30, July 15, 2003 © 2003 University of California Museum of Paleontology The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil) MAX CARDOSO LANGER Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, BS8 1RJ Bristol, UK. Current address: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; [email protected] Three partial skeletons allow a nearly complete description of the sacrum, pelvic girdle, and hind limb of the stem- sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim, from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation, South Brazil. The new morphological data gathered from these specimens considerably improves our knowledge of the anatomy of basal dinosaurs, providing the basis for a reassessment of various morphological transformations that occurred in the early evolution of these reptiles. These include an increase in the number of sacral vertebrae, the development of a brevis fossa, the perforation of the acetabulum, the inturning of the femoral head, as well as various modifications in the insertion of the iliofemoral musculature and the tibio-tarsal articulation. In addition, the reconstruction of the pelvic musculature of Saturnalia, along with a study of its locomotion pattern, indicates that the hind limb of early dinosaurs did not perform only a fore-and-aft stiff rotation in the parasagittal plane, but that lateral and medial movements of the leg were also present and important. INTRODUCTION sisting of most of the presacral vertebral series, both sides Saturnalia tupiniquim was described in a preliminary of the pectoral girdle, right humerus, partial right ulna, right fashion by Langer et al. -
6Th Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists
6TH MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGISTS 30TH JUNE – 5TH JULY 2008 SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES, SLOVAK REPUBLIC VOLUME OF ABSTRACTS 6TH MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGISTS SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES, SLOVAK REPUBLIC 30TH JUNE – 5TH JULY 2008 VOLUME OF ABSTRACTS ORGANIZED BY THE MUSEUM OF SPIŠ IN SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES, 2008 SUPPORTED BY DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY NATIONAL PARK SLOVAK TOWN UNION OF MUSEUMS AND PALAEONTOLOGY SLOVAK PARADISE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES IN SLOVAKIA 6TH MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGISTS, SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES 2008 EDITOR: ZUZANA KREMPASKÁ SCIENTIFIC SUPERVISOR: MARTIN SABOL THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: ZUZANA KREMPASKÁ RUŽENA GREGOROVÁ MARTIN SABOL The authors are responsible for the linguistic rendition of the papers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The publication of this abstract volume was partly supported by the Ministry of Culture Slovak Republic Cover Photo: Medvedia jaskyňa (Bear Cave) by L. Cibula © MUSEUM OF SPIŠ, SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES, SLOVAK REPUBLIC, 2008 ISBN: 978-80-85173-03-1 4 6TH MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGISTS, SPIŠSKÁ NOVÁ VES 2008 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACTS BARYSHNIKOV G.: Taxonomical Diversity of Pleistocene Bears in Northern Eurasia ..........................................................9 BAYGUSHEVA V. S. & TITOV V. V.: -
The South African Mesozoic: Advances in Our Understanding of the Evolution, Palaeobiogeography, and Palaeoecology of Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs
The South African Mesozoic: Advances in our understanding of the evolution, palaeobiogeography, and palaeoecology of sauropodomorph dinosaurs Blair W. McPhee A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2016 i I declare that the vast majority of this thesis is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at any other University. As this thesis is primarily comprised of multiple-authored published papers, the contributions of each co-author are stated clearly within section five of the introduction. ________23rd______day of ________May___________2016____________at_____Wits________ ii ABSTRACT The Palaeontological record of South Africa is remarkable in that it preserves the two major temporal transitions of the Mesozoic: The Triassic–Jurassic boundary (the Elliot Formation) and the earliest depositional stages of the Cretaceous (the Kirkwood Formation). Work within the Elliot Formation has reiterated the importance of this horizon for our understanding of the early evolution and subsequent radiation/diversification of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Moreover, inextricably contained within this radiation is the early evolution of the columnar-limbed, long necked sauropods, the largest terrestrial animals to have ever evolved. The Elliot Formation therefore imparts vital information on the genesis of the group that would become the dominant dinosaurian herbivores throughout most of the Mesozoic. However, several outstanding issues obscure a full understanding of this important radiation. Of primary concern is the complicated taxonomy of the sauropodomorphs of the Upper Triassic lower Elliot Formation and a lack of current consensus as to what precisely constitutes a true sauropod. -
REVIEW of the CONTINENTAL MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY of THAILAND Nares Sattayarak Mineral Fuels Division Department of Mineral Resources Bangkok 10400, Thailand
WORKSHOP ON STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF THAILAND AND MALAYSIA Haad Yai, Thailand 8-10 Septdber, 1983 REVIEW OF THE CONTINENTAL MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THAILAND Nares Sattayarak Mineral Fuels Division Department of Mineral Resources Bangkok 10400, Thailand IRTRODUCTIOH The continental Mesozoic redbeds are widely distributed throughout the country, especially in the Khorat Plateau, from which the group's name was obtained. The rocks are predominantly red clastic, i.e. , sandstone, silt stone, claystone, shale and conglomerate. The Khorat Group rests. uncon formably on older rocks, generally of Paleozoic age, but occasionally it overlies the Permo-Triassic igneous rocks and/or Lower to Middle Triassic sedimentary rocks. The Khorat Group was previously reviewed in Thai by Nakornsri (1975) and in English by Kulasing ( 1975) and Ramingwong ( 1978) • This paper is an attempt to update the knowledge so far reported about the Khorat rocks and their equivalents. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORKS Lee (1923) was the first geologist who noted the non-marine Mesozoic rocks in the Khorat Plateau and divided them into Upper and Lower Group, the Triassic age was given. Brown et al. ( 1953) named the IChorat Series to represent the conti nental redbeds and the marine Triassic limestone of northern Thailand. The sequence consists of interbedded sandstone, conglomerate, shale and marly limestone. No fossil was found except some petrified wood. La Moreaux et al. (1956) divided the Khorat Series, following Chali chan and Bunnag ( 1954) , into three members and assigned the age of this sequence to the Triassic period. Their subdivision are as follows: Phu Kradung Member is the oldest member it lies unconformably on Paleozoic rocks. -
Chapter Ii Literature Review
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter is comprised of literature review of geology and petroleum geology in northeastern Thailand. The related knowledges are categorized into groups including general geology, stratigraphy, basin evalution, structural framework, petroleum provinces, petroleum prospect in Permian basin play, seismic interpretation of the Chonnabot prospect, subsurface structural map of the Permian play, petroleum geochemistry evaluation of Permian carbonate rock, carbonate reservoir characterization, and seal and trap rock characterization. 2.2 General geology The northeastern region of Thailand is located between latitudes 14o to 19o North and longitudes 101o to 106o East, covering an area abount one third of the country or abount 200,000 square kilometers. The northern and eastern border is bounded by the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) and the Mekong river. The southern part is connected to the Democratic Kamphuchea and the western part is bounded by certral and northern of Thailand. The Khorat Plateau forms a part of the Indochina plate bounded by major Tertiary strike-slip faults. Althought several tectonic models indicate that the Khorat Plateau is largely underformed. It contains two fold belts; the N-S trending Loei- Phetchabun foldfold beltbelt inin thethe western western area area and and NW-SE NW-SE trending trending Phu Phu Phan Phan range range in inthe the 8 central part which divided the central plain in the northern Sakhon Nakhon basin, and the southern Khorat basin. General geology of the area and the sedimentary sequence consists of an initial rift sequence of Carboniferous to Triassic sediments and a sag sequence of Late Triassic to Cretaceous sediments that consisted of Khorat Group which is mainly sedimentary subsequence (Figure 2.1). -
Buffetaut & Suteethorn
Mesozoic vertebrates from Thailand 83 The biogeographical significance of the Mesozoic vertebrates from Thailand Eric Buffetaut1 and Varavudh Suteethorn2 1UMR CNRS 5561, Université de Bourgogne, France# Present address: 16 cour de Liégat, 75013 Paris, France 2Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Key words: Thailand, Mesozoic, vertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, biogeography Abstract brates, ranging in age from Late Triassic to late Early Cretaceous (for a recent review of the di- Mesozoic non-marine vertebrate faunas from Thailand nosaurs, see Suteethorn et al#, 1995), This is by (mainly from the Indochina block) range in age from Late Triassic to late Early Cretaceous The oldest known assem- far the best record for that time interval in SE blage, from the Huai Hin Lat Formation, is Norian It in- Asia, and it allows a reconstruction of vertebrate cludes fishes, amphibians and reptiles very similar to those faunal history in that part of the world over a from the Upper Triassic of Central Europe, and indicates period of more than 100 million years, The pur- that dispersal of continental vertebrates across Eurasia was pose of this brief review is to discuss the easy in the Late Triassic A slightly younger (Rhaetian) prosauropod dinosaur is biogeographically less significant, palaeobiogeographical significance of the vari- although it may be related to Chinese forms Jurassic verte- ous Mesozoic vertebrate assemblages hitherto brates are known from both the Indochina block (Phu discovered -
A New Species of the Ginglymodian Fish Isanichthys from the Late Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation, Northeastern Thailand
A new species of the ginglymodian fish Isanichthys from the Late Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation, northeastern Thailand UTHUMPORN DEESRI, KOMSORN LAUPRASERT, VARAVUDH SUTEETHORN, KAMONLAK WONGKO, and LIONEL CAVIN Deesri, U., Lauprasert, K., Suteethorn, V., Wongko, K., and Cavin, L. 2014. A new species of the ginglymodian fish Isanichthys from the Late Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation, northeastern Thailand. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (2): 313–331. A new ginglymodian fish, Isanichthys lertboosi, is described from the Phu Kradung Formation, north-eastern Thailand, a freshwater deposit of probable Late Jurassic age. The species is represented by four specimens, from the Phu Noi locality, associated with a rich fauna of sharks, turtles, crocodiles, and theropod and sauropod dinosaurs. One specimen is an isolated braincase, which provides characters rarely observed in extinct ginglymodians. The species is referred to the genus Isanichthys, a taxon originally described on the basis of a single specimen from the Phu Nam Jun locality, a slightly younger site approximately 75 km from Phu Noi. Isanichthys is mainly distinguished by frontals slightly nar- rower anteriorly than posteriorly, two anterior infraorbitals not in contact with the orbit, reduced preorbital region, and a small orbit and a cheek region completely covered by bones. The new species is characterized, among other characters, by a dermal component of the sphenotic visible on the cheek, one pair of extrascapulars plus a small median one, the presence of few suborbitals (ca. 4 or 6) arranged in one row, and a median dorsal row of scales with spine. Comparisons with other ginglymodian taxa and a cladistic analysis indicates that Isanichthys (Lepidotes) latifrons from the Late Ju- rassic of England, as well as probably Isanichthys (Lepidotes) luchowensis from the Early or Middle Jurassic of Sichuan, China, form a clade with both Thai species of Isanichthys. -
New Fossil Woods from the Mesozoic Khorat Group of Thailand and Their Palaeoecological Implications
Vol. 1 No. 2 page 33-38 2015 RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE DOI:10.14456/randk.2015.13 Research Article New fossil woods from the Mesozoic Khorat Group of Thailand and their palaeoecological implications Marc Philippe1, *, Pratueng Jintasakul2, Nareerat Boonchai2 1Université Lyon-1 and UMR5023 of the CNRS, 69200, France 2Northeastern Research Institute of Petrifi ed Wood and Mineral Resources (Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University), 184 Moo 7, Suranaree subdistrict, Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand (Received 19 October 2015; accepted 21 December 2015) Abstract- Despite its limited stratigraphical value, fossil wood has been revealed to be of interest to characterize the palaeoenvironment evolution during the sedimentation of the Khorat Group. It helps understand the ecosystems in which the rich Thai Dinosaur faunas evolved. The available Khorat group fossil wood record was, however, mostly from the northeastern Thailand (Isan). New data are presented here, from the southwestern Isan provinces of Chaiyaphum and Nakhon Ratchasima. Although 17 new samples were studied, specific diversity was not increased, which suggests that the taxonomical investigation of the Khorat wood record is quite complete. Fossil wood from the Phu Phan Formation is reported for the fi rst time, and assigned to the genus Shimakuroxylon. Despite being sedimentologically similar, the Phra Wihan and Phu Phan formations seem to yield different woods, which suggests that they may have had different palaeoecology or provenance. Keywords: Fossil wood, Mesozoic, Thailand, palaeobiogeography, taxonomy 1. Introduction the Phu Kradung Formation. The Waritchapum Formation In 2004, a synthesis was published about the fossil woods is mostly individualised in the Phu Phan Range and in of the Mesozoic Khorat Group in north-eastern Thailand seismic data (Mouret et al., 1993), but it is much more (Philippe et al., 2004). -
Geology and Mineral Deposits of Thailand by I
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology and mineral deposits of Thailand by I/ D. R. Shawe Open-File Report 84- Prepared on behalf of the Government of Thailand and the Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State. This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature, _]/ U.S. Geological Survey, Denver CO 80225 1984 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION.......................................................... 1 GEOLOGY OF THAILAND................................................... ? Stratigraphy of sedimentary rocks................................ 4 Precambrian................................................. 4 Cambrian.................................................... 6 Ordovician.................................................. 7 Silurian-Devonian........................................... I0 Carboniferous............................................... 16 Permian..................................................... 20 Triassic.................................................... 25 Jurassic.................................................... 29 Cretaceous.................................................. 32 Tertiary................................^................... 33 Quaternary.................................................. 35 Igneous rocks.................................................... 36 Precambrian. ................................................. 36 Silurian-Devonian. .......................................... -
Redalyc.Mesozoic Dinosaurs from Brazil and Their Biogeographic
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil BITTENCOURT, JONATHAS S.; LANGER, MAX C. Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 83, núm. 1, marzo, 2011, pp. 23-60 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32717681003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “main” — 2011/2/11 — 14:17 — page 23 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 23-60 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications JONATHAS S. BITTENCOURT1 and MAX C. LANGER2 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil 2Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil Manuscript received on February 3, 2010; accepted for publication on September 14, 2010 ABSTRACT The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country.