ITEM CLS08 REPORTS 15/12/14

NORTH SYDNEY COUNCIL REPORTS

Report to General Manager Attachments: 1. St Thomas Rest Park CMP October 2014

SUBJECT: St Thomas Rest Park Conservation Management Plan

AUTHOR: Ian Hoskins, Council Historian

ENDORSED BY: Martin Ellis, Director Community and Library Services

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The need for a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) was identified in the North Sydney Council Plan of Management (PoM) for St Thomas’ Rest Park.

The primary objective of the CMP is to guide the conservation of St Thomas’ Rest Park and its ability to act as a source of information for visitors interested in the history of the North Sydney area, St Thomas’ Church and the former Cemetery itself. The CMP investigates the potential state significance of the cemetery based on the people interred there and its historical significance, including the use of the cemetery as an unofficial naval/maritime cemetery.

The CMP recommends North Sydney Council carry out the assessment of individual monuments and headstones in accordance with the National Trust “Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation”. This will provide better guidance for the ongoing restoration, general maintenance and management of the Rest Park.

The CMP identifies the circumstances in which the relocation and restanding of monuments and headstones will be acceptable and possible compatible uses within the Rest Park including anastylosis, a memorial wall and columbarium.

It also considers additional educational opportunities within the Rest Park and potential research opportunities. 8 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

A request for funds to begin implementing the recommendations of the CMP in both 2015/16 and 2016/17 has been submitted to the upcoming estimates process.

RECOMMENDATION: 1. THAT Council adopts the St Thomas Rest Park Conservation Plan of Management (CMP). 2. THAT the St Thomas Rest Park CMP be placed on public exhibition.

Report of Ian Hoskins, Council Historian Re: St Thomas Rest Park Conservation Management Plan (2)

LINK TO DELIVERY PROGRAM

The relationship with the Delivery Program is as follows:

Direction: 4. Our Social Vitality

Outcome: 4.4 North Sydney's history is preserved and recognised 4.7 Community is active and healthy

BACKGROUND

St Thomas Rest Park, at 250 West Street, Crows Nest, originally St Thomas’ Cemetery, was the first official European burial ground on the North Shore. The Sexton’s Cottage, which is located within the Park, includes the original mid 19th century “laying out” room. It is now used as the Museum and research area.

The conversion of the Cemetery into a public park was facilitated by the St Thomas’ Church of England, North Sydney, Cemetery Act 1967. In accordance with the Act the grounds were handed over to North Sydney Council. Conversion work from a cemetery to a rest park commenced in the early 1970s and continued until 1974.

The Rest Park contains recently formed historic precincts with the remaining headstones and monuments, an interpretive history trail, extensively landscaped grounds, a children’s playground and a public amenities building. Landscaping consists of native species and some remnant cemetery vegetation, including the Bermuda Cypress, known as the Commemorative Tree. The land for the Cemetery was donated to the Anglican Parish of St Leonards in 1845 by Alexander Berry, a prominent merchant and landholder. His wife Elizabeth was the first person buried at the cemetery in 1845. The last burial occurred in 1950.

CONSULTATION REQUIREMENTS

Community engagement will be undertaken in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Protocol.

SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT

The sustainability implications were considered and reported on during the initiation phase of this project.

DETAIL

St Thomas Rest Park is the biggest public reserve west of Cammeray Park and the Warringah Expressway. It is both an important historical site as the first European burial ground on the North Shore, still accommodating several hundred monuments, and a passive recreation park well patronised by local residents, many of whom use the lawned areas as off-leash dog runs. North Sydney Council’s Plan of Management (PoM) for the Park comments upon both landscaping and the maintenance of heritage items. Larger more significant structures such as the Bent/Ovens monument, conserved in 2010, have been the subject of individual conservation plans prepared when repairs were deemed necessary.

Report of Ian Hoskins, Council Historian Re: St Thomas Rest Park Conservation Management Plan (3)

However, there has never been a Conservation Management Plan drafted for the whole Park, including the Sexton’s Cottage Museum that sits within it, as a place of intrinsic historical significance containing an important collection of historical monuments. In 2009 the PoM stipulated that a Conservation Management Plan for the heritage items in the Park be prepared.

This CMP seeks to understand the Park’s heritage items through investigation of its historical and geographical context, its history, fabric, research potential, and importance to the community.

It is a policy that guides Council on the appropriate uses of the Park and the ongoing maintenance of the elements within it. It examines the constraints and opportunities in the context of current uses.

The CMP provides:  a strategy for the maintenance of monuments including the relocation of fallen and displaced monuments;  a review of the use of the Park with particular reference to the construction of a columbarium, should requests for such an addition be received again;  guidance on the significance of the site and its elements, the Berry monument in particular, for future heritage listings, including the State Heritage Inventory;  guidance on managing competing demands for the use of the Park as both a recreational and educational heritage site;  a review of the use of Sexton’s Cottage and a strategy for the management and maintenance of building fabric and the provision of a healthy and safe work environment.

ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 4

GRA}TAMBROOKS AND ASSOCI,ATES ARCHITECTS HERITAGE CONSULTANTS

St Thomas Rest Park, 250 West Street, Crows Nest

Conservation Management Plan

October 2014 ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 5

Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd lncorporated in NSW Architects, Planners & Heritage Consultants 71 York St, Level 1 Sydney 2000 Australia Tel: (61)2 9299 8600 Fax: (61) 292998711 Email: [email protected] wwl.gbaheritage.com A Draft for Review 29t05t2014 sc ABN: 56 073 802730 B Revised Draft for Review 28t08t20't4 sc ACN:073 802730 Nominated Architect: Graham Leslie Brooks c Final 03t10t20't4 sc NSW Architects Registration: 3836 D Revised Final 24t10t2014 sc

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Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd lncorporated in NSW Architects, Planners & Heritage Consultants 7lYorkSt, Level 1 Sydney 2000 Australia Tel: (61) 2 9299 8600 Fax: (61) 292998711 Email: [email protected] www.gbaheritage.com ABN:56 073802730 ACN: 073 802730 Nominated Architect: Graham Leslie Brooks NSW Architects Registration: 3836

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Terminology

Below are definitions of terminologies and practices referred to throughout this document applicable to cemeteries and the use of St Thomas' Rest Park.

Word Meaning Active Forms of organised ball games and sports Recreation events, including physical contact sports (defined as Organised Sport in the Plan of Management).

Anastylosis Anastylosis is an archaeological term for a reconstruction technique whereby a ruined building or monument is restored using the original architectural elements to the greatest degree possible.

Passive Passive recreation means uses such as Recreation walking, picnics, outdoor exercise and the quiet enjoyment of an area (defined as lnformal Sport and Games in the Plan of Management (PoM)).

Rest Park An area of land, formerly a cemetery, which has been modified for the purpose of better catering for the recreational needs of the community whilst retaining the basic features of the cemetery.

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Contents

Terminology 4

Executive Summary 7

1.0 lntroduction...... 8 1.1 Background I 1.2 Report Objectives I 1.3 Report Structure I 1.4 Site ldentification ...... 1.5 Heritage Management Framework 1.6 Authorship 1.7 Report Limitations

2.0 Historical Summary ...... 1 3 2.1 Brief History of the Locality ...... 1 3 2.2 St Thomas' Church ...... 1 3 2.3 Early Ownership of the Site .,,..'''..14 2.4 Establishment of St Thomas Cemetery ...... 16 2.5 Development of Cemeteries around Sydney ...18 2.7 Expansion (1867) 22 2.8 An Unoffìcial Maritime Cemetery ...... 25

2.9 I nterments of Si9nificance...... 27 2.10 Early Twentieth Century lnterments ...... 3 1 2.'t1 The Last Burials ...... 31 2.12 The Conversion of Cemeteries ...... 32 2.13 Conversion to St Thomas' Rest Park, Circa 1970s...... 33 2.14 Removal and Relocation of Headstones...... 42 2.15 Photographic Record of St Thomas' Cemetery43 2.16 Current Use ...... 46

3.0 Physical Evidence ,...... 3.1 lntroduction 3.2 UrbanContext...... 3.3 Description of St Thomas' Rest Park.. 3.4 Condition and lntegrity

4.0 Assessment of Cultural Significance 79 4.1 lntroduction 4.2 ComparativeAnalysis 4.3 ComparativeAssessment 85 4.4 Existing Statement of Significance 86 4.5 Analysis of Cultural Significance .. 86 4.6 Revised Statement of Significance 91 4.7 Grading of Significance...... 92 4.8 Curtilage Analysis 96 4.9 ArchaeologicalPotential 99

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5.0 Constraints and Opportunities...... 100 5.1 lntroduction .100 5.2 lssues Arising from the Statement of Significance 100 5.3 Heritage Management Framework ...... 103 5.4 Community Agencies 105 5.5 Other Relevant Statutory Requirements.. 106 5.6 Physical Condition 107 5.7 Council Management of the Site ...... 108 5.8 Education 111

6.0 Conservation Policies...... 114 6.1 lntroduction ...... 114 6.2 Principal Conservation Po1icy...... 114 6.3 Application of the Burra Charter ...... 114 6.4 Conservation of the Setting ...... 116 6.5 Public Use - Subject to PoM ...... 116 6.6 Principles for Additional Future Uses...... 117 6.7 Assessment of Significance of lndividual Monuments and Headstones...... I 1 I 6.8 Undiscovered headstones and monuments (orpartsthereof) ....119 6.9 New / Expanded Precincts - Relocation of headstones 120 6.10 Re-standing headstones ...... 121 6.1'1 Cast lron Fencing...... ''.,'''.,...,',..123 6.12 Signage...... 123 6.13 Conservation Works - Sexton's Cottage Museum 124 6.14 Principles for Design of New E|ements...... 126 6.15 Lighting ...... 128 6.16 Access. .'.'.''.,,','..,.128 6.17 lnterpretation 129 6.18 Record Management and Availability of Research Opportunities ...... 130 6.19 Management of Archaeological Resources ... 1 3'l 6.20 On-going Maintenance Regime ...... 1 32 6.21 GeneralMaintenance ...... 133 6.22 Vegetation ...... 134 6.23 Review of the Conservatíon P1an...... 1 35

7.0 lmplementing the Plan 7.1 lntroduction ... 7.2 ManagementPrinciples

8.0 Bibliography 137

Appendix 1 : Headstones Re-erected December 1991.. .140

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Executive Summary

St Thomas Rest Park, a|250 West Street, Crows Nest, originally St Thomas'Cemetery, was the fìrst official European burial ground on the North Shore. The Sexton's Cottage, which is located within the Park, includes the original mid 19th century "laying out" room. lt is now used as the Museum and research area.

The conversion of the Cemetery into a public park was facilitated by the St Thomas' Church of England, North Sydney, Cemetery Act 1967.|n accordance with the Acf the grounds were handed over to North Sydney Council. Conversion work from a cemetery to a rest park commenced in the early 1970s and continued until 1974.

The Rest Park contains recently formed historic precincts with the remaining headstones and monuments, an interpretive history trail, extensively landscaped grounds, a children's playground and a public amenities building. Landscaping consists of native species and some remnant cemetery vegetation, including the Bermuda Cypress, known as the Commemorative Tree.

The land for the Cemetery was donated to the Anglican Parish of St Leonards in 1845 by Alexander Berry a prominent merchant and landholder. His wife Elizabeth was the first buried at the cemetery in 1845. The last burial occurred in 1950.

The need for a Conseruation Management PIan (CMP) was identified in the North Sydney Council Plan of Management (PoM) for St Thomas' Rest Park.

The primary objective of the CMP is to guide the conservation of St Thomas' Rest Park and its ability to act as a source of information for visitors interested in the history of the North Sydney area, St Thomas' Church and the former Cemetery itself.

The CMP investigates the potentialstate significance of the cemetery based on the people interred there and its historical significance, including the use of the cemetery as an unofficial naval/maritime cemetery.

The CMP recommends North Sydney Council carry out the assessment of individual monuments and headstones in accordance with the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation". This will provide better guidance for the ongoing restoration, general maintenance and management of the Rest Park.

The CMP identifìes the circumstances in which the relocation and restanding of monuments and headstones will be acceptable and possible compatible uses within the Rest Park including anastylosis, a memorial wall and columbarium.

It also considers additional educational opportunities within the Rest Park and potential research opportunities. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 2014 e Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 11

lntroduction

1.1 Background

This Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for St Thomas Rest Park, at 250 West Street Crows Nest, has been prepared for the property's managers, North Sydney Council, to assist it in the ongoing use, management and maintenance of the Park, the museum located within Sexton's Cottage, the West Street fence and gates and the associated monuments and headstones within the Rest Park.

The Rest Park was originally the first cemetery on the North Shore. It is described as a "Converted Cemetery" in the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation". Many cemeteries are under the control of local Councils in NSW, including church, family and public cemeteries. Of these, many have been converted to other public purposes including roads, railways, parks or building sitesl.

The conversion of the Cemetery into a public park, with North Sydney Council appointed as Trustees, was facilitated by the St Thomas' Church of England, North Sydney, Cemetery Act 1967. ln accordance with the Ácf the grounds were handed over to North Sydney Council. Public notice was given by Council in 1972 for its íntension to move the monuments and headstones. Conversion work from a cemetery to a rest park commenced in the early 1970s and continued until 1974. The majority of the headstones and monuments were removed and the area relandscaped. lt is now a major community facility for passive recreation.

This new use as a Rest Park reflected a broader pattern of change in the use and management of early cemetery sites. ln other local government areas in both metropolitan and regional areas, Councils removed headstones and grassed over cemeteries where they have been converted to parks. ln some areas a selection of headstones have been retained and the sites were designated as Pioneer Parks. Most of these conversions have completely changed the character of the cemetery.

St Thomas' Rest Park reflects the layering of time, with some headstones and important monuments remaining in their original locations. Other headstones have been relocated to new precincts or are scattered among trees or other landscaping. Some have been retained as "rescued fragments" and other genealogical informatíon contained in the historical documentary records.

This CMP has been prepared in response to the 2009 St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of Management (PoM)prepared by North Sydney Council. This document complements the 2009 PoM, which identifies works to be included in the CMP.

1 National Trust, GuideL'¡es for Cemetery Conservation,2OlO. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 201 4 o Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 12

The CMP is to guide all work relating to heritage issues and items associated with the Rest Park.

St Thomas' Rest Park contains amongst others, many individuals of State significance buried in the cemetery such as mariner and explorer Owen Stanley, Judge Advocate Ellis Bent and artist Conrad Martens, the graves of many North Sydney pioneering families, of which numerous North Shore suburbs and landmarks take their names.2

The primary conservation objective for St Thomas' Rest Park is for the park to act as a source of information for visitors interested in the history of the North Sydney area, St Thomas' Church and the former Cemetery itself.

1.2 Report Objectives

The main objective of this CMP is to develop strategies and guidelines priorto any change of use to the museum within Sexton's Cottage, future upgrading to the building or the park and for their continued use.

The CMP has been prepared in accordance with lhe "Brief for Conseruation Management Plan for Sexfon's Cottage and the monuments andfence and gafes af Sf Ihomas'RestPark", prepared by North Sydney Council. The brief establishes the heritage significance of the property, identifies the original features and surviving fabric and recommends appropriate policies be developed to conserve these in any future plans to upgrade or change the use of the building and the ongoing use and maintenance of the building Park, monuments, headstones, fences and gates.

The CMP objectives are required to be consistentwith the objectives of the North Sydney Council PoM and Council's land management objective relevant to St Thomas' Rest Park which is:

To provide a network of parks, sporting fields and open spaces and recreational facilities that meet in the most cost-effective manner the recreation and leisure needs of the community.

1.3 Report Structure

This CMP has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines of The Conseruation Management PIan, by James Semple Kerr, and The Burra Charter: the Australia ICOMOS Cha¡ter for Places of Cuttural Significance,2013, also known by its more common title The Burra Chañer. The Burra Charter and The Australian Natural Heritage Chafterbolh provide defìnitions, principles and processes, for the conservation of items of cultural significance.

2 North Sydney Council, People, Places & Professions, n d St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan o October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 13

This CMP alsofollows guidelines set out in the NSt4/He ritage Manual. The aim of these documents is to assist with the identification of items of heritage significance. This assessment assists in providing guidance on substance, structure and methodology for the writing of effective conservation management plans.

This CMP is divided into sections, dealing with the history of the cemetery and its immediate area, the physical description of the cemetery, the assessment of the cemetery's significance, options for the ongoing use of the Rest Park including constraints and opportunities, conservation policies and a conservation works schedule, while the final section contains an ongoing maintenance strategy.

Site ldentification 1.4 Figure 1.1 Location map showing the subject site marked The subject site is located on the western side of West Street and with a red circle. to the south of the Warringah Freeway. lt is described by NSW Land and Property lnformation (LPl)as Lot 100, DP 790953. Sou rce: street-directory.com.au

1.5 Heritage Management Framework

1.5.1 StatutoryRequirements

Heritage Act 1977

The provisions of the Heritage Act 1977 apply to the site in relation to potential, significant archaeological relics below ground level.

North Sydney LEP 2013

St Thomas' Rest Park is listed as a heritage item in Schedule 5 of the Norfh Sydney Local Environment Plan (LEP) 2013 as an item of local heritage signifìcance. Figure 12 Aerial photograph showing the subject site As such the propefty is subject to the heritage provisions of the outlined in red. North Sydney LEP 2013 under the Environmental Planning and Source: NSW LPI 2008 Assessment Act 1979. North Sydney Council must take into consideration the potential impact of any proposed development on the heritage significance of the heritage items.

North Sydney DCP 2013

The controls of the Norfh Sydney DCP 2013 are also applicable to future development of this site. ln particular, Section 13: Heritage & Conseruation apply to the site.

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,l .5.2 Non-Statutory Requirements 2009 Sf Thomas'Rest Park PIan of Management + The PoM and the CMP are to be read in conjunction with each other to guide the management of St Thomas' Rest Park as a park, while protecting the park as a heritage resource, being a former cemetery.

The 2009 St Thomas'Rest Park Plan of Management (PoM) aims to ensure that the unique qualities of St Thomas' Rest Park continue to be preserved. lt establishes the overall directions and objectives Z for management in the coming 5 years, and sets out how these can t ú, be achieved.

The relevant Management Objectives identified in the PoM in a relation to heritage at St Thomas' Rest Park are: ,

To retain and enhance the cultural significance of the area ( n a me ly its a rch aeolog i cal, h i sto ri c al a nd soci al si g n ifi ca n ce) for past, present or future generations by the active use of Figure 1.3 conseruation methods. Ihese conseruation methods may Deposited Plan 790953, StThomas'Rest Park. include the following methods: Source: North Sydney Council, 2013. (a) the continuous protective care and maintenance of the physical material of the land or of the context and sefting of the area (b) the preseruation of the land, that is, the maintenance of the physical material of the land in its existing state and the retardation of deterioration of the land;

To recognise, promote and maintain the historic aspecfs and elements of the Rest Park.

National Trust Guidelines for Cemetery Gonservation

The National Trust Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation have been produced with the objectives of providing public information in relation to the significance, maintenance and ongoing care of cemeteries and their monuments. The aim of the Guidelines is the provision of practical advice combined with clear policy recommendations on conservation in cemeteries.

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1.6 Authorship

This CMP has been prepared by Sinclair Croft, Senior Heritage Consultant, of Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd and has been reviewed by the Director, Graham Brooks. Unless othenruise noted all of the photographs and drawings in this report are by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd.

1.7 Report Limitations

This report is limited to the analysis of the existing European history of the site. No primary historical research was undertaken in the preparation of this report. Recommendations have been made on the basis of the information in the Brief and PoM, supplement as referenced and inspection of the existing fabric.

Archaeological assessment of the subject site is outside the scope of this CMP.

The Manager's residence located within the Sexton's Cottage building is excluded from this CMP which only addresses the museum, the former "laying out" room located within Sexton's Cottage is included as part of the CMP.

This report is limited to the interior of the original "laying out" room and does not include the caretaker's cottage.

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Historical Summary

2.1 Brief History of the Locality

Early colonists on the North Shore were mainly involved with tree cutting and some limited agriculture and orchards in areas of good soil.1

Crows Nest originally formed part of a land grant of 524 acres made to Edward Wollstonecraftin 1821. This grant ran from present day Wollstonecraft, north past Crows Nest. Wollstonecraft built a house in the area and, according to his business partnerAlexander Berry, called the house "Crows Nest" due to its elevated position. A"crows nest" on a tall ship is the enclosure neâr the top of the mast for the lookout to stand watch.2

After Wollstonecraft's death in 1832, the property was maintained by Berry who built a more substantial dwelling to the south of Crows Nest Cottage and a short distance from St Thomas Church, keeping the name of the original cottage and calling his estate Crows Nest House.3

When Berry himself died in 1873, the land was sold and resold until completely subdivided into residential and commercial allotments. Figure 2.1 "Crow's Nest House" itself was demolished in 19324 but, by then, Crows Nest House, built for Alexander and Elizabeth Berry. The residence was demolished given its Demonstration had the nearby suburb name; North Sydney in 1932 School was built in the grounds of the original residence.5 Source: Hughes, Demolished Houses of Sydney, Settlement of the North Shore was slow initially, and while the North p.116 Shore railway line was completed in the 1890's, active settlement of Crows Nest and the surrounding suburbs did not commence in earnest until after the completion of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.6

2.2 St Thomas'Church

Among the earliest developments in the area was the construction of an Anglican Church, established with funds raised locally in 1842. The Norman style building was designed by architect James Hume, with assistance from Conrad Martens. lt was completed in 1845, at the junction of Church and Mclaren Streets, North Sydney, (then St Leonards), being the same year that St Thomas' Cemetery was Figure 2 2 established.T Etching showing the first St Thomas'Anglican Church, North Sydney

Source: North Sydney Council, Stanton Library, File 000/000127 1 Crows Nest Mainstreet, Crows Nest H¡story, n.d. 2 Crows Nest Mainstreet, Crows Nest H¡slory, n.d. 3 Crows Nest Mainstreet, Crows Nesf His¡ory, n.d. 4 Hughes, J., Demolished Houses ofSydney, p. 116 5 Pollon, F.,The Book of Sydney Suburbs, p.75 6 Crows Nest Mainstreet, Crows Nesf Hrsto/y, n.d. 7 Morgan, C., Life & Death on the Nofth Side, 1988. St fhomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 2014 o Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 17

ln 1876, plans for a much larger new church were drawn up by architect Edmund Blacket and the foundation stone was laid in 1877. The first section of the new church opened in 1880. The nave was not completed until 1884. The original church continued to operate during the construction of the new church. The original church was demolished and the materials incorporated into a new building, St Thomas'Terrace, in Miller Street.s

2.3 Early Ownership of the Site

The cemetery is located on twenty acres of Crown land sold to Alexander Berry on I February 1836, situated in the village of Saint Leonards, Parish of Willoughby, County of Cumberland.

Alexander Berry (1781-1873), originally from Fife, Scotland, had arrived in Sydney for the first time in 1808 as a merchant on the City of Edinburgh, to sell commercial supplies in various parts of the colony.e On his return to England he met Edward Wollstonecraft /.L- f7-1 ø¡ who became Berry's London agent and, subsequently, his business partner return 1819 and in Sydney, after Berry's on 31 July Figure 2.3 Wollstonecraft's arrivalon 1 September 1819. Photograph of Alexander Berry ('1781-1 873), taken 1 March 1856 (1939 copy of original work) Conducting their business from George Street, Wollstonecraft Source: State Library of NSW, Digital Order No. and Berry soon required land to accommodate the herds of stock gpol_3301 2 which they often received as payments. ln Berry's absence in 1821, Wollstonecraft was able to secure 524 acres of Crown land on the North Shore, building "Crows Nest Cottage" on it. On his return to Sydney in 1822, Berry secured additional land grants, most of which were located in the Shoalhaven district. ln September 1827, Alexander Berry married Wollstonecraft's sister, Elizabeth, and after Wollstonecraft's death on 7 December 1832 and transfer of "Crows Nest Farm" to Berry,1o the couple maintained "Crows Nest Cottage" and built a more substantial home, "Crows Nest House", adjacent to the south.

When he received the 1 836 grant on the North Shore, his Shoalhaven estate was taken over by his brother David, while Alexander Berry continued to acquire land so that by 1863 this estate contained more than 40,000 acres.

Berry did not touch or use the subject land until 21 April 1845, when he donated two acres located to the west of West Street to Ross Donnelly, Conrad Martens and Charles Younger as trustees for the United Church of England and lreland, for use as a cemetery.tt On 25 January 1867, Alexander Berry donated a further two acres and 20 112 perches, added to the west, north and south of the existing burial ground.l2

8 Morgan, C., L¡fe & Death on the Nofth Slde, 1988 9 The following informat¡on is based on Perry, T. M.,'Berry, Alexander (1781-1873)', Austral- ¡anD¡ctionaryof Biography,Vol. landStephen,M D.,'Wollstonecraft,Edward(1783-1832)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol 2. '1 0 Russell, Ê.., The Opposite Shore Nofth Sydney and its People, North Sydney: The North Shore Historical Society, 1990, p.48 11 NSW LPl, Conveyance Book 8 No. 703; Sparks, C., Tomb, Hume and the first church ofSt Thomas, Norlh Shore Historical Society Journal, Vol. 42 No. 3, December 2002, p. 4 (Sparks 2002) l2 NSW LPl, Conveyance Book 102 No.53 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lvlanagement Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 18

Figure 2.4 Historical map showing the original land grants made in the Crows Nest area, including the 20 acres granled to Alexander Berry (indicated by the arrow) and the 524 acres granted to Edward Wollstonecraft

Source: Parish Map, n.d. New South Wales Land and Property lnformation

Figure 2.5 Historical map of the burial ground illustrating the 'Original gift from Alexander Berry Esq for Burial Ground" (1845) and subsequent expansion ('1867). West Street, located to the .5 east, is indicated on the left.

Source: Rose, J. - Warren, A., "The Sexton's Cottage", CMP, 1981 , Diagram 1

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2,4 Establishment of St Thomas Cemetery

On 21 April 1845, ten days after his wife Elizabeth's death in the evening of '11 April 1845, Alexander Berry donated two acres of his land to the United Church of England and lreland, later known as the Anglican Church of St Thomas, to establish a burial ground in which his wife could be laid to rest.l3 She had specifically wished not to be buried in Sydney but near her favourite house, the "Crows Nest Cottage". Although Elizabeth had been ill for some time, her death tookAlexander Berry by surprise. At the time of her death, the Berry's were living at "The Priory", the residence of their neighbour, Colonel Barney who was then overseas.l4

Berry conveyed the two acres to Ross Donnelly, Esquire, Conrad Martens, Esquire, and Charles Younger, Merchant, all from the North Shore, for 10 shillings, "upon Trust to permit and suffer the same or a part thereof to be used as a Burial Ground of the said Figure 2.6 ground United Church of England and lreland".15 Historical map of the burial illustrating the'Original gift from A. Berry Esq for Burial Ground" (1845), indicated by the red shading Though it was common practice for parish burial grounds to be located within the church precinct, it appears that shortage of Source: Rose, J. - Warren, A., "The Sexton's available government grants within the area of St Thomas' Church Cottage', CMP, 1981, Diagram 1 precluded this possibility. The parish was therefore eager to accept Berry's gift, despite its relatively remote location from the parish church which had been built but had not yet been in use.16

Elizabeth Berry's funeral took place on Friday morning, 18th April 1845 at the new cemetery, even before the deed could be finalised and the cemetery consecrated by Bishop Broughton.lT Clearing was still undenruay and only two sides had been fully fenced during these early days.18

Planning for a monumental tomb for his wife's remains, Berry wanted the new cemetery to be ordered and built around his wife's burial place in the centre, with "the whole ground in plots around the central spot with ornamental walks, and I hope will not only be the most beautiful burial ground in the colony - but will serve as a model for others."le

St Thomas'Anglican Cemetery was the ninth cemetery to be opened in the Sydney area and was only one of six operating in 1845. St Thomas' predates both the Anglican Camperdown Cemetery, opened in 1849, and the Catholic Church's Petersham Cemetery, opened in 1865. With the Sydney Burial Ground nearly full by 1850, (also known as the Devonshire Street Ground Cemetery) Rookwood was opened in 1867. The much larger Gore Hill Cemetery was dedicated in 1868.20

13 Sparks 2002, p.4. 14 Russell, E., The Opposite Shore. Nofth Sydney and its People, North Sydney: The North Shore Historical Society, 1990, p.63 15 NSW LPl, Conveyance Book 8 No.703 16 Morgan, C., Life & Death on the Norlh Srde, 1988; Sparks 2002, p. 4. 17 Sparks 2002,p.4. 't8 lb¡d. 19 Berry Papers, State L¡brary of NSW, ML MSS 315/92 Letter Alexander Berry to John Berry as reproduced in Sparks 2002, p.4 20 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservation Management Plan, 2013. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 20

Whether St Thomas' Cemetery was ever used as a model for later burial grounds remains unclear, but is rather unlikely. The Camperdown Cemetery, for instance, consecrated on 16 January 1849, was at the time reported to have been "laid out in plantations and walks (...), on the principle of cemeteries in England.'21 Likewise, the Catholic Cemetery at Petersham was planned with an orderly layout, noting that "in the old countries churchyards are very attractive spots, and the cemetery of Pere La Chaise near Paris, is unsurpassed for beauty, being visited by most of the tourists who make the French capital a rendezvous."22

Planning for the small parish burial ground of St Thomas', which was limited to Anglican burials, remained largely an ad hoc affair,23 even though St Thomas' Cemetery was the main cemetery for the large Parish of Willoughby which at that time extended "from the Middle Head to Roseville and from the Lane Cove to the Middle Harbour."2a ln comparison, later cemeteries such as Rookwood (1867) and Gore Hill (1868) were much larger, formally designed cemeteries that had to accommodate burials of different denominations.

Elizabeth Berry's tomb was the central focal point of the new St Thomas' Cemetery and was enclosed by a stone boundary wall, initially planned as a brick wall, constructed by Paul Crawford.25 As to the design of the tomb, Berry initially planned an obelisk over the vault, but reconsidered to build a pyramid.

Almost a year after Elizabeth's death, in April 1846, Alexander sent a letter to his brother John, including two sketches showing the design of the tomb. ln this letter he noted that he "had the vault well secured with roman cement and iron placed instead of wood over the doorway - built up the door with roman cement to keep water out - and placed the stone sfeps fo gurde to the door - but of course they are now covered with mould... The tomb is enclosed in a plain stone wallfour feet high with a cast iron gate - on the east corresponding to the Gate of iron of the burial ground but the entrance to the vault rs to fhe south... The monument is a plain pyramid of polished ashlar - the vault is about two feet above the surface that is covered with Iead - there are then two basemenf courses surmounted by a plain pyramid of polished ashlar 9 feet high.'26

Berry had initially planned to plant evergreens and flowers between the tomb and the enclosing wall, but again changed his mind and the monument remained without any plantings.2T lt was only four years later, in 1850, when he wrote in a letter to Mary Shelley, that "the Cypresses were the only trees planted around Mrs Berry's tomb which thrive well and as they are very durable and need little care I mean to plant no other ...'28

21 The new cemetery, Ihe Sydney Moming Herald, 17 January 1849, p.2. 22 Weekly Summary, Freeman's Jouma[ 29 December 1 866, p. 81 7.. 23 Morgan, C., Life & Death on the North Srde, '1988, p. 40. 24 St. Thomas's Churchyard, The Sydney Moming Herald, l2May 1930, p. 17 25 Sparks 2002,p.4. 26 ThishasbeenextractedfromSparks2002,p.4.Theoriginalletteristhoughttobecon- tained in the Berry Papers, State Library of NSW, ML MSS 315, however, the references g¡ven in Sparks 2002 appeal lo be inconsistent. 27 Sparks2002,p 4 28 Betry Papers, State Library of NSW, ML MSS 315/52, two letters to Mary Shelley, as St Thomas' Rest Park reproduced in Sparks 2002, p.4. 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 21

The Bermuda Cypress (Juniperus bermudiana), known as the Commemorative Tree, located within the Rest Park, is thought to have been one of these Cypresses planted by Alexander Berry. The tree is visible in the 1943 aerial of the cemetery.

As expressly wished by Elizabeth Berry, the remains of her brother Edward Wollstonecraft were relocated from the old Sydney Burial Ground and buried beside her in the tomb. The lead-lined coffin was transferred in 1846, via steam ferry from Circular Quay to the North Shore, with Alexander Berry, Mr Robinson, Jemmotte Brown and James Hume present.2s

It has been suggested that it was James Hume, the architect of St Thomas' Church, who not only proposed a pyramid instead of an obelisk for the tomb, but also designed the monument, arguing that Egyptian features were rather uncommon at this time in Sydney, and that Hume had also been the architect of the Egyptian-style Synagogue in York Street.3o While it is possible that Hume indeed designed the Berry tomb, there is no firm evidence to date to prove this.

The inscription on the tomb was carved by a Letter Cutter named Moore.31 The Berry pyramid has remained the focal point of the site since its inception. lt is one of the most significant pieces of Victorian Egyptian designed monuments in Sydney.32 Alexander Berry himself was interred in the tomb after his death in 1873.

2.5 Development of Cemeteries around Sydney

Below is a table listing the consecration and closing of the major Sydney cemeteries and those on the North Shore during the nineteenth century. This places the development of St Thomas' Cemetery within the wider context of settlement within the Sydney area. lt is by no means exhaustive of the development of all cemeteries within the Sydney metropolitan area. This information is sourced from the Heritage Branch, Department of Environment and Heritage, online heritage database.

Cemetery Name Address Consecrated Closed Old Sydney Burial Ground George Street, Sydney (site of the present Sydney 1782 1820 Town Hall) Sandhills (Brickfield) Central (site of the present Central Railway Station) 1820 I 868 Cemetery

St Thomas'Cemetery 250 West Street, Crows Nest 1845 1 950

St Stephen's Anglican 187-189 Church Street, Newtown 1849 1 940 Cemetery

29 Sparks 2002,p 6 30 Sparks 2002, p 6. 31 Sparks 2002, p 4 32 North Sydney Councjl, Brief for Conservation Management Plan, 2013 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 22

St Jude's Anglican Church, 1 02-1 08 Avoca Street, Randwick 1853 1975 Cemetery, Rectory Vergers Residence Rockwood Cemetery and East Street, Lidcombe 1867 Necropolis Gore Hill Memorial Cemetery Pacific Highway, Gore Hill I 868 1974 Chatswood South Uniting 518 Pacific Highway, Lane Cove North 1871 1984 Church and Cemetery

The above list confirms that St Thomas' Cemetery was one of the early cemeteries within the Sydney area. lt was established the same year as St Stephen's Anglican Cemetery at Newtown. ln addition, it was the first cemetery established on the North Shore. lt appears that St Thomas' Cemetery was not established as a result of the closure of cemeteries that predate its consecration as closure dates of these cemeteries do not coincide with the consecration of St Thomas'Cemetery.

2.6 Sexton's Cottage (c1850)

The Sexton's Cottage, a rendered masonry cottage, circa '1850, is located in the north eastern corner of the site. Originally consisting of one room, the cottage was used for the "laying out" of bodies prior to burial.33 The room contains a pine floor and tímber lined ceiling.34

One of the oldest buildings remaining on the North Shore, it is the Figure 2.7 View looking north along the row of trees with only building within the Rest Park. The building was first recorded Sexton's Cottage in the background. Monuments as being used as a residence in the Sands Directory in 1882.35 and headstones within St Thomas' Cemetery are Extensions were carried out in 1884 to provide a residence for the visible to the left. The row of poplars to the right as Sexton who was employed by St Thomas' Church to look after the were removed when Rest Park was created they were considered to be incompatible with the Cemetery grounds and supervise burials. native vegetation landscaping theme.

ln 1884 the Cemetery Trustees "resolved to repair at a cost not to Source: North Sydney Counc¡|, 1971 exceed Ê100 the Sexton's house add two rooms and verandah, build a shed for tools and put up some fencing". Carried out in the same year, these works were undertaken by builder John Jago, who also won the contract for the new St Thomas' Church.36

During the 1850s, in addition to the Sexton, a separate grave-digger was employed. ln 1881, the salary of the first recorded sexton, Mr Wheatley, amounted to Ê60 per annum, with the use of the cottage. An assistant was appointed in 1889. Also from this date, the Church Wardens directed the Sexton to occupy himself on Tuesday in each week in improving the church grounds".37 Figure 2.8 Sexton's Cottage pr¡or to restoration works. 33 North Sydney Council, Ihe Sextonb Cotfage, n.d. North Sydney Council, Il,e Sexton's Cottage, n.d. 34 Source: Stanton Library North Sydney Council, 35 North Sydney Council, Ihe Sexton's Cottage, n.d. 36 North Sydney Council, Ihe Sexton's Coftage, n.d. 1 976. 37 North Sydney Council, Ihe Sexton's Cottage, n.d. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 23

Figure 2 9 Front (southern) elevation of Sexton's Cottage prior to restoration

Source: North Sydney Council, 1981

Figure 210 The eastern elevation of Sexton's Cottage facing West Street, during restoration works.

Source: North Sydney Council, '1981

Figure 2.11 Front (southern) elevation of Sexton's Cottage during restoration works.

Source: North Sydney Council, 1983,

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Figure 2.12 The northern elevation of Sexton's Cottage during restoration works

Source: North Sydney Council, 1983.

Figure 2.13 Restoration of Sexton's Cottage.

Source: North Sydney Council, 1983.

Figure 2.14 Front view of the cottage

Source: North Sydney Council, circa 1985

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2.7 Expansion (f 867)

ln accordance with the deed granted to the United Church of England and lreland in 1845,38 which stated that all or part of the land donated by Berry should be used as a burial ground, the cemetery was initially not opened in its entirety.3s Sections were retained by the Church and later leased to orchardists.

ln his letterto Mary Shelley in'1850, Alexander Berry noted that "five years have elapsed - since the establishment of that little and secluded cemetery and it is already getting dotted with graves and head stones ...'ao

ln 1856, a fence was built around the property. The Churchwarden's minutes noted some time later that pigs were being kept at the 'old buildings' (probably the Sexton's Cottage) and damaging the grounds. Figure 2.15 Historical map of the burial ground showing the extent of the site after the "New gift from A. Berry Nevertheless, it appears that the cemetery became so popular that Esq" in 1867 (reor¡entated with the north point to an expansion was soon required. On 25 January 1867, Alexander the top of the page). Berry donated another 2 acres 20 112 perches to the Church, with Source: Rose, J. - Warren,4., 'The Conrad Martens and Charles Younger again acting as trustees and Sexton's Cottage', CMP, 1981 , Diagram I paying 10 shillings for the transfer.al By then, Ross Donnelly had died. The new land was located to the north and west of the existing ground, thus shifting Elizabeth Berry's tomb from the centre of the cemetery towards the southeast. lt is possible that the expansion of St Thomas' Cemetery was connected to the Devonshire Street Cemeterywhich had become overcrowded from the 1840s onwards, eventually leading to its closure and replacement by the Rookwood Necropolis in 1867.42

It appears that the burials on the extension were arranged in a different fashion than those on the originally donated piece of land, with later plots oriented at a slight angle to the earlier graves, and being located much closer together, particularly in the western part of the cemetery.

St Thomas' remained a sought after resting place in the late nineteenth century; possibly because of the esteem which it was held in, notable figures were buried there. Edward Wollstonecraft's was not the only burial to be relocated to St Thomas'from elsewhere.a3 The Ovens/Bent monument, for instance, was moved from Garden lsland probably in 1885-86 after major excavation work on Garden lsland.aa lt was relocated to St Thomas' Cemetery as the Garden lsland was being redeveloped to better accommodate the Australia

38 NSW LPl, Conveyance Book 8 No 703 39 Morgan, C, L¡fe & Death on the No¡1h Slde, 1988, p. 39. 40 Berry Papers, State Library of NSW ML MSS 3'15/52, two letters to Mary Shelley, as reproduced in Sparks 2002, p. 4. 41 NSW LPl, Conveyance Book 102 No.53 42 NSW State Records, Archives in Brief 69 - Cemetery records, http://www.records.nsw. gov.aulstate-archives/guides-and-f¡nding-aids/archives-in-brief/arch¡ves-in-briefS9 (accessed 22t07t14) 43 Morgan, C. Life & Death on the North Side, 1988, pp. 39 44 44 Camden News, 30 October 1947, p. 4, but see Morgan, C. Life & Death on the Nofth Side, 1988, p. 42 (removal in 1 868) St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest (Ð DRAFT Conservation Management Plan Oclober 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 26

Squadron of the Royal Navy. lt must have been in a rather bad state when it was relocated, as a writer in the Sydney Morning Herald noted already in 1863 that "scaffered here and there, the sfones are breaking into smaller pleces every year. The stone that covered Major Ovens is in three pieces! The end stone of Judge Bent's tomb is gone altogether, while both are shamefully chipped and disfigured."

Ellis Bent, Judge-Advocate for Governor Macquarie, had been buried in the Old Sydney Burial Grounds in 1815, but in 1825 his remains were transferred to Garden lsland.as John Ovens, brigade- major under Sir Thomas Brisbane and explorer was also initially buried in the Old Burial Grounds after his death in December 1825, but shortly later transferred to a shared vault on Garden lsland where his friend Bent had already been relocated to.a6

The North Sydney Council Brief forthe preparation of a Conservation Management Plan states that Owen Stanley and Ellis Bent's monument is possibly the most significant monument within the St Thomas'Cemetery. This should be confirmed with an individual assessment of monuments. This statement may be because of the individuals the monument memorialises and the stone masonry qualities associated with the monument. The BenUOvens tomb remains where it was originally relocated from Garden lsland.

By 1898 there were already more than 160 burials at StThomas' Figure 2.16 The tomb of Judge Bent and Major Ovens as those interred in thatyearwere localpeople, Cemetery. While mostof depicted in lhe Evening News of 31 August 19'11 the burial register also lists addresses such as Millers Point, Goat lsland, Paddington, Glebe and Wahroonga. By 1899 there were few Source: An Old Cemetery Evening News, 31 lots available at St Thomas'. At the end of the century the western August'1911, p. 10. half of the cemetery was notably more "crowded" than the eastern half where the larger lots and monuments were characteristic.aT

A number of notable figures, many of whom were local residents, are buried at St Thomas' Cemetery. They include artist Conrad Martens: military engineer and surveyor, (d. 1878); Colonel George Barney: NSW Railway Commissioner, (d. 1862); John Whitton: Commissioner of Roads and Bridges, (d. 1898); William Bennett: politician, (d. 1889); entrepreneu¡ gold miner and photography pioneer Bernhardt Otto Holtermann: (d. 1885); Auditor General John Lithgow, (d. 186a); politician, Francis Lord, (d. 1897); and the Reverend Branwhite Clarke, renowned as "the father of Australian geology", (d. 1878).48

The Cemetery featured several large horizontal slab monuments. The earliest appears to be that of Thomas Jeffrey of the Customs Services (1847). The fenced slab of Portmaster Merion Moriarty possibly post dates his interment in 1864 and coincides with the burial of his wife at the cemetery in 1877.The Annie Fitz William monument (1865), with its stone mourning figure on top, is the most ornate.ae

45 Currey, C. H., 'Beni, Ellis ('1783-1815)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 1 46 Dunlop, F. W.,'Ovens, John (1788-1825)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 2; '1 Sydney Gazette, 1 2 December 825, p. 3 and 1 5 December 1825, p.2 47 North Sydney Council, Br¡ef for ConseMat¡on Management Plan, 2013 St Thomas' Rest Park Br¡et for Management Plan,2013 48 North Sydney Council, ConseNation 250 West Street, Crows Nest 49 Norih Sydney Council, Br¡ef for Conseruat¡on Management Plan, 2013. DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 27

Between 1846 and 1950 more than 2,000 children under the age of 10 were buried in the cemetery.so

The site was initially administered by the Church Wardens of St Thomas'Anglican Church, despite a physical separation of more than one mile, and maintained through the sale of grave plots. The responsibility later passed to the Anglican Diocese of Sydney and the close ties between Church and Cemetery were gradually eroded.5l

Figure 2.17 Sketch plans for the fence at St Thomas' Cemetery. These plans show a combination of a Gothic design by St Thomas'Church wardens, a design by iron monger James Souter and a pattern book; McFarlane's Castings

Source: NSW State Library, c 1883

útt

I trta¡t T

I

I a a

fa¡¡t

a-¡r!

.,| i Figure 2.18 Metropolitan Detail Survey Series, Sheet 65, 'g- r f showing the St Thomas'Cemetery and Sexton's I Cottage (indicated by the red arrow) on 24 al r a r!r?a¡I "5 t ¡¡tt February 1891, without giving any indications r a about the location of Berry's Tomb or any other

i a monuments within the burial ground. a t Source: Stanton Library '1890s Block Plan lVaps, File 000065

50 North Sydney Council, Death on the Notih Sde, n d. St Thomas' Rest Park 51 North Sydney Council, Recycled Cemete4l lnterpretation Panel, n.d 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 28

2.8 An Unofficial Maritime Cemetery

St Thomas' Cemetery was characterised by larger plots around the founding Berry monument on the eastern side of many smaller plots dating from the late 19th Century on the western side. Among the earliest of those situated near the Berry monument was a substantial fenced "alter monument" of Owen Stanley RN, dating from 15 March 1850.52

Stanley's burial at St Thomas'Cemetery was almost certainly due to his friendship with St Thomas Rector and gentleman scientist, Reverend Brathwhite Clark. The clergyman's interest in geology, maritime exploration and other aspects of natural science led him to form friendships with navigators who were willing to supply Clark with log notes and specimens. As a result officers such as Stanley adopted" St Thomas' Church "as their own.53

Stanley's interment appears to have initiated the use of the site as an unofficial naval/maritime cemetery. This function may have been reinforced by the local residency of Phillip Parker King, the colony's most senior and respected navigator. King had maintained a long term friendship with Clarke, based upon their mutual interest in science. Although King's body was interred in the family vault at the King's property near St Mary's, on King's death in 1856, the funeral service with its lengthy sermon was conducted by Clarke at St Thomas'.54

Significantly, not all of the maritime identities who were interred at the cemetery after Stanley lived locally. Among these were the boatswain of HMS Calliope of the Australian Division of the lndia Station in 1854. ln 1864 there followed the burial of Captain Merion Moriarty RN, Harbour Master in charge of all the colony's harbours and ports (Moriarty's son, a barrister from Balmain, was buried in the cemetery in 1847 after a sudden death). Commander John Gowlland who was responsible for the maritime survey of the NSW coast and northern rivers was buried with full naval honours in 1974.55

The following year a large funeral cortege accompanied the body of Australia Station Commodore James Goodenough from Milsons Point to St Thomas'Cemetery. He was interred there with several of his crew. All were killed by islanders at Santa Cruz lsland. A stained glass window was subsequently installed at St Thomas' Church in honour of the Commodore and paid for by public subscription.56

52 Dr Hoskins, l, pers comm. North Sydney Council. June 2014. 53 Ann Moyal, "Biographical lntroduction" in Moyal (ed.), The Web of Science: The Scientific Correspondence of the Rev. WB Clarke, Australia's PioneeÍ Geologist, Australian Scholarly Publishing, Kew, 2003. p. 12.. 54 North Sydney Council, Brief for ConseMation Management Plan,2013. 55 North Sydney Council, Br¡ef for Conservat¡on Management Plan, 2013. 56 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservat¡on Management Plan, 2013. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation l-Vanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Assoc¡ates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 29

St Thomas' Cemetery was chosen as the site for the relocation of the joint monuments of Judge Advocate Ellis Bent and explorer John Ovens from Garden lsland in'1885 or 1886,57 when the island was being redeveloped to better accommodate the Australia Squadron of the Royal Navy.58

ln 1 892, Robert Pockley, former harbour master and marine surveyor was buried at St Thomas'. Pockley was also a local resident. He was followed in 1899 by another local maritime identity, Captain Gother Kerr Mann; the marine engineer responsible for Fitzroy Dock at Cockatoo lsland. ln 1909, Francis Hixson, former President of the Marine Board of NSW, was buried in the Cemetery.se

Figure 2 19 Late 1gth century engraving of sailors admiring the nautical tribute to Commodore Goodenough, St Thomas' Cemetery. This is the earliest known view of the cemetery

Source: Morgan , C., L¡fe & Death on the Nofth SrUe, 1988, Fig. 15

57 Camden Nelvs,30 October 1947, p.4 58 North Sydney Council, Brief for ConseNation Management Plan, 2013 59 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conseuation Management Plan, 2013 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 30

2.9 lnterments of Significance

2.9.1 lnterments of Potential State Significance

A number of people of potential state signifìcance were buried at St Thomas' Cemetery. Some people of note include the original benefactor Alexander Berry (d.1873), also an Member of the Legislative Assembly, and prominent Shoalhaven landholder; artist Conrad Martens (d.1878); geologist Reverend William Branwhite Clarke (d.1878); Classics Professor Charles Badham (d.1 884); and John Whitton, Engineer-in-Chief of NSW Railways (d.1898).1

The significance of the following interrees ís confirmed by their inclusion in the Australian Dictionary of Biography:

Surname Christian Name/s Died Notes Badham Charles 1884 University Professor of Classics & Logic at Sydney University Badham, Edith Annesley 1920 Daughter of Charles and founding headmistress of SCEGGS, Darlinghurst Barney Lt. Col. George E 1862 Commander Royal Engineers, designed Victoria Barracks and Circular Quay and was responsible for the construction of Fort Denison, Darlinghurst Gaol and Newcastle Breakwater Bent Judge Ellis 1815 Judge of Supreme Court of NSW during governorship of Macquarie Coote Audley 19't5 Politician and concessionaire

Cope William 1 933 Noted sportsman, solicitor, soldier and pastoralist Dibbs Sir George Richard 1904 Politician Gowlland John Thomas Ewing 1874 Navalofficer

Goodenough James Graham 1 875 Naval offìcer, Commodore of the Australian Station. Brought Fiji into the British Empire in 1874. Died from Poison arrow wounds received at Santa Cruz lsland Hely Hovenden 1872 Explore¡ landowner and politician

Holtermann Bernhardt Otto 1 885 Gold miner, merchant, pioneer of photography and member of parliament Mann John Frederick 1907 Chief Railway Commissioner, explorer and surveyor Martens Conrad 1878 Artist and travelled with Charles Danruin on the Beagle McLeod Hannah 1912 Hospital matron McFarland Alfred 1901 Judge and author Oliver Alexander I 904 Public servant Piddington Marion 1945 Eugenist, feminist reformer and birth control advocate. Wife of Judge Albert B Piddington

Whitton John 1 898 Engineer. While Engineer in Chief from 1857 to 1889, his railway systems reached every corner of the state, to Queensland and the Victorian boarders and the Darling River His greatest achievement was the Zig Zag railway in the Blue Mountains

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Younger Montague Thomas 1 899 Church musician Robson Wollstonecraft Edward 1832 Merchant and landowner. Brother in law and business partner with Alexander Berry, his remains were removed from the Sydney burial ground and he was reinterred at this cemetery with his sister on her death in 1845 in a tomb erected by Berry.

2.9.2 Other lnterments of Note

Chris Morgan, in Life & Death on the North Side: A History of St Thomas' Church & Cemetery, Norlh Sydney, identifies other persons of note who were buried at St Thomas' Cemetery. These people include, but are not limited to those identified in the table below.

Surname Christian Name/s Died Notes Adams Francis 1911 Manager Australasian Joint Stock Bank Agutter Captain Frederick 1898 Died from malarial fever Baileff John Bell I 869 Colour Sergeant in 80th Regiment

Battye Captain Edward 1 898 Page to Queen Adelaide at the age of 15. Emigrated to lead Montague the Mounted Military Police. Officiated at Turon gold diggings and riots at Lambing Flats and Forbes. Led expeditions against bushrangers Gardiner, Hall, Gilbert and Kelly Bennett William Christopher 1889 Commissioner and Engineer in Charge for Roads and Bridges Berry Alexander 1873 Merchant, landowner and politician Bloodworth James ? A convicted architect on the First Fleet who designed and superintended construction of the first Government House, commenced in 1788 Boake Barcroft Henry 1892 A bush balladist and author o1 Where the Dead Men Lie, atthe age of 26 hung himself

Bode Reverend George C 1 880 Second minister of St Thomas' Church, supervised construction of the Blacket Church

Bower Lieutenant 1 880 A box containing his skull is buried near Bent's monument. He was killed by natives in the Solomon lslands (d. 1880). Bromley Andrew 1862 Sawyer of Lane Cove. Murdered and found down a well Carter William 2 First Registrar General of NSW. Farther in law to Conrad Martens Clarke Reverend William 1878 Renowned clergyman, geologist, founding minister of St Braithwhite Thomas' Church in 1845 Davies Mrs "Desda" 2 Poet and author of Australian children's literature during the 1 870s Gordon Charles E 1911 Early settler in the northern district which takes his name Gowlland J. T. E.; 1874 Marine surveyor who surveyed the coast of NSW and Sydney Harbour. He had almost completed the survey of Middle Harbour when his boat overturned in the Bombara off Dobroyd Point and he drowned Guise John 1894 First pharmacist on the North Shore

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Harnett Richard H 1902 Mayor of Willoughby in 1865. Subdivided the Willoughby Park Estate in 1876. Established horse drawn buses between Milsons Point and Willoughby and ferry services to Neutral Bay

Hixon Captain Francis 1 909 Naval Officer and anthropological observer. President of the Marine Board of NSW

lves lsaac Ellis 1 906 Mayor of Sydney. Member of Parliament for St Leonards 1885- 9. The suburb of St lves bears his name lnder Jacob 1878 Builder of Wesleyan Chapel, York Street, 1841 and Pitt Street Conqregational (now Uniting) Church, 1 847

Jago John 1 896 Prominent North Shore stonemason and builder. Built the second St Thomas' Church, completed in '1884. He also carried out the additions to Sexton's Cottage and erected the West Street fence and gates at St Thomas' Cemetery

Jenkins Captain Benjamin 1901 Mayor of St Leonards, 1 884-8. Owned and occupied St Leonards Cottage", now Donbank Local History Museum, Napier Street, North Sydney

Lavender George 1 851 Husband of Billy Blue's daughter, Susannah. At one time he was boatswain of the Phoenix, a convict hulk moored in what is now Lavender Bay

Leslie Patrick 1 88r Explorer who discovered the Darling Downs and established "Toolburra" station in 1860 Lithgow Williams 1864 Auditor-General and long serving member of Legislative Council. The city of Lithgow bears his name

Lord Francis 1 897 A member of the NSW Legislative Assembly Lord Edward 1884 City Treasurer. Lord Street, North Sydney, bears his name McLeod Hannah 1912 Matron of the Women's Hospital, Crown Street, patented a cot in 1901 Massey William ? An early builder, part of an early North Shore family Milson (family) Descendants of James Milson (d. 1872) pioneer of Milsons Point and one of the earliest farmers on the North Shore producing vegetables and milk for ships. Also quarried sandstone for Sydney buildings and ballast for ships. He was also an early yachtsman.

Moriarty Merion M 1 864 Commander, Royal Marines. Harbourmaster of NSW, 1843-58 Member of the Legislative Assembly Myhill Captain Jonathon R 1882 Harbourmaster for Sydney Harbour between '1866-1877 Napier Robert 1867 Scottish immigrant and manager of London Chartered Bank, Sydney to 1859, Manager of Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney otd Richard '1880 Early Director of the Australian Gaslight Co Ovens Brevet-Major John 2 Was the first to sight, with Captain Currie, the Monaro district and Snowy Mountains. Hume and Hovell named the Ovens River in Victoria in his honour. Engineer superintending public works in NSW. Private Secretary to Governor Brisbane (d. 1825\. Piddington Judge Albert B 1945 First Chairman of the Arbitration Commission and Judge of the Supreme Court

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Pockley Robert Francis 1892 Master Mariner, arrived in 1840s. Became Harbourmaster of Port Jackson in 1867 Pymble (family) A long established North Shore family. The suburb bears their name. Robert Pymle was an orchardist and a timbergetter (d. 1861). Ray Sister Veolet lvy 1937 Anglican nun known as "Angel of Erskineville" for her 20 years religious and charity work there

Rayner Edward 1 909 Young seaman who was wounded and died with Commodore Goodenough at Santa Cruz lsland Sayers Edwin M ? Settled in Sydney in 1846 and was the first to establish a line of sailing vessels between Sydney and Melbourne, which proved to be very profitable during the Victorian gold rush. Member for St Leonards in 1859-1860 and founder of the North Sydney School of Arts.

Scarr Frank 1 905 Surveyor, explorer, bushman, railway engineer and founder of the Australasian Geographical Society. The town of Scarrbury, Queensland, was named in his honour Scott Joseph Henry 1914 Stonemason and builder on the North Shore, contractor for the Fortifications at Bradley's Head and the Zig Zag Railway Shairp William 1847 William and Sophia were the first to be married on the North Shore Shairp Sophia 1877 Sophia and William were the first to be married on the North Shore

Skinner Captain Richard 1 901 Captain of the ill-fated vessel Maitland, a paddle steamer, James wrecked off Broken Bay

Smale Frederick 1 875 Seaman who died of arrow wounds with Commodore Goodenough at Santa Crux lsland Stanley Captain Owen I 850 Commander of survey ship H.M.S. Rattlesnake. He had been making a hydrographic survey of the southern coast of New Guinea when he died of malaria Solomon Georqe, L 1919 Champion sculler and local builder

Tucker William 1 888 A wine and spirit merchant family of many generations. First Mayor of Municipality of East St Leonards when formed in I 868 Vine-Hall Captain John 1932 Marine Surueyor and well known Sydney shipping identity Waller Eastermorn 1918 Understood to be a nurse who was serving in France during World War l. She died during the German bombardment of St Fervais Church in Paris Ward Dr Robert D 1902 First medical practitioner on the North Shore and amateur photographer. His legacy is a series of views of the Norlh Sydney district of the 1860s, now held by the Mitchell and Stanton Libraries

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2.10 Early Twentieth Century lnterments

There is little information available on those interred at the cemetery in the first half of the twentieth century. lt is possible to identify who these people are from the Burial List, located towards the western side of the cemetery. Once a list of interments from this time frame has been compiled, further research may be carried out to identify their significance.

It appears that at the turn of the century, concerns were raised about the burial practices at the cemetery. Reports stated that coffìns had only been buried about 2 feet below the level of the ground and 3 feet below the mound, prompting the Government Health Officer, DrArmstrong, to conduct a site visit in November 1899.2 Despite his findings that "the cemetery was well managed, and that in my opinion, no reasons existed for advising ifs presenf closure...",3 Dr Armstrong's report was referred to the general purposes committee, with the recommendation to close the cemetery "to the advantage of residents of North Sydney.'a

By 1911, much of the original bushland around the cemetery had become a residential area, while the cemetery appears to have been neglected, with only individual graves carefully tended. The Evening News issue of 31 August 1911 noted that "St. Thomas' graveyard is a wilderness of deso/ation. Headstones have fallen, and no one's business has it been to restore them face upwards. One may peep into open graves, and see the havoc that weather has made in shifting the headsfones. Buffalo grass riots everywhere, and heaps itself up between the railings, and in some insfances grows unheeded over the tombstones. The borders are untended; and whilst the main paths are kept tolerably clear of weeds, the boxes used as trollies to take away debris of flowers or leaves, remain in the pathways unemptied for days.s

One year later, in August 1912, after ongoing complaints, the local council officially reminded the cemetery trustees to "observe more strictly the ordinances regulating interments."6

2.11 The Last Burials

While the situation appears to have calmed down for a while, it escalated again in 1929, when continued complaints about the unkempt character of the cemetery resulted in an open dispute about the responsibilities for the cemetery. Until then, the churchwardens had been responsible for account keeping, administration and correspondence, as well as for collection of funds to maintain the cemetery.7 ln around 1920, North Sydney

2 StThomas's Cemetery Evening News,30 November 1899, p.7 3 lbid. 4 tbid. 5 An Old Cemetery, Evening News,31 August 1911, p. 10. 6 St. Thomas'Cemetery, The Sydney Momìng Herald, 29 August 1912,9.10 7 St. Thomas'Cemetery, Ihe Sydney Morn¡ng Herald,22April 1929, p.7 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan o October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates PtY Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 35

Council had requested that the sale of grave plots be discontinued and burials only continued in land already sold.8 This had put enormous pressure on the churchwardens who had depleted their own funds by 1925.|n 1929, the rector of St Thomas, Rev. H. N. Baker, noted in a letter to the editor of fhe Herald, that there were no funds at all for maintenance of the cemetery and that it was unfair that the churchwardens had to shoulder the burden.s While an amicable meeting was subsequently held which included William Cope, Captain J. H. Watson from the Royal Australian Historical Society and Rev. H. N. Baker as the chair, Cope continued to insist that the upkeep of the cemetery was the church minister's and churchwarden's responsibility.l0

By mid May 1930, the cemetery was being revived, largely driven by W. Cope, and a committee was formed to support the minister and churchwardens of St Thomas in the maintenance of the burial ground.l1 The committee consisted of William Cope, Sir Robert Gordon, and Miss D. and Mr. Pudsey-Dawson. lt was planned to restore the grounds by means of "working bees", gifts of shrubs and plants as well as other donations.12 By then, 2 1/4 perches had been resumed for Electricity Purposes by notification of the Government Gazette of 4 February 1927.13

Howeve¡ the problems continued and by 1941, it was suggested to close the cemetery, remove the headstones and turn it into a park, which was met by protests from relatives of those buried in the cemetery.la

Despite this opposition, the Cemetery was closed in 1949, for health reasons. The grounds had not been maintained and many of the headstones and monuments had either deteriorated or had been vandalised.ls The last burials at St Thomas' Rest Cemetery occurred in 1950. They included birth control advocate Marion Piddington, wife of High Court Judge, Royal Commissioner and liberal reformer AB Piddington, who had also been buried at St Thomas' in 1945.16

2.12 The Convers¡on of Gemeteries

Commencing in the 1940s, numerous old and/or redundant cemeteries began to be converted by local Councils throughout New South Wales for new uses as either Rest or Memorial Parks. Various church, family and public cemeteries were closed, with more than twenty-four located in the Sydney arca alone. Of these, many have been entirely, or the majority of, converted to other

8 Vine-Hall, R., A Brief History of St Thomas' Cemetery - North Sydney, Noñh Shore Historical Society Joumal, Yol.8 No 1 , Septembet 1967 , p.2. 9 St. Thomas' Cemetery, Ihe Sydney Moming Herald, 22 April 1929, p.7 l0 St Thomas' Cemetery - Ouestion of Responsibility, The Sydney Moning Herald, 25 Aptil 1 929, p'10i St. Thomas' Cemetery, The Sydney Moming Heratd, 5 May 1930, p. 1 6 11 St. Thomas's Churchyard, The Sydney Morning Herald, 12May 1930, p. 17 12 lbid. 13 NSW LPl, PrimaryApplication 061341 B 14 St. Thomas's Cemetery The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 1941, p. 5. 1 5 North Sydney Council, Transformation: The cemetery Becomes A Resl Park n.d. 16 North Sydney Council, Br¡ef for ConseMation Management Plan, 2013. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation l\4anagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 36

public purposes including roads, ra¡lways, parks or building sites.17 After a number of Ácfs were passed to enable the conversion of individual cemeteries for new uses, the process eventually became more generally formalised in the Conversion of Cemeteries Act 1974, with the conversion of closed cemeteries opening up much- needed pockets of green and open space for the benefit of the local communities. ln some areas Council completely removed headstones and grassed over the cemeteries. ln other areas, a selection of headstones were retained and the sites designated as Pioneer Parks.18

Examples of converted cemeteries include Cathedral Close, now buried under Sydney Town Hall and the surrounding streets; the Devonshire Street denominational cemeteries, demolished for railways at Central Station; and smaller cemeteries including the Society of Friends and Raphael Jewish cemeteries, Lidcombe.le

2.13 Conversion to St Thomas' Rest Park, Girca 1970s

By the mid 1950s St Thomas' Cemetery had again become dilapidated. Ray Maher, MLA for North Sydney, appealed to the Minister for Lands to help save a "national shrine" which had fallen in to a "shocking state of disrepair".2o

There was increasing pressure during the 1960s to provide more open space within the rapidly expanding residential areas of the lower North Shore area.21 Aerial views of the area taken at various stages from 1943 until the 1970s show the residential development surrounding the cemetery and the impact on the cemetery by the construction of the Warringah Expressway, the first stage of which opened fortraffic on 19 June 1968.22 While it appears that part of the former cemetery was lost the construction of the Warringah Expressway, it is not clear whether any graves were within the area that was lost.

ln 1967, a special Act of Parliament was passed, St Thomas' Church of England, Norfh Sydney, Cemetery Act 1967, to allow the St Thomas' Cemetery to be converted to a Rest Park.23

When the St Thomas'Church of England, Norih Sydney Cemetery Act 1967 (now repealed) came into effect, the Dedication of the Scheduled Land resulted in the following:

3 Dedication of the scheduled land

(1) The scheduled land is hereby dedicated as a public park and shall be deemed to be a public park within the meaning of the Public Parks Act 1912 , as amended by subsequent Acts.

17 National Trust, Guidelrnes for Cemetery ConseNat¡on,2009. 18 National lrusl, Guidelines for Cemetery Conservat¡on, 2009. 1 9 National Trust, Guidel,nes for Cemetery ConseNation, 2009. 20 North Sydney Council, Brief for ConseMat¡on Management Plan, 2013. Transformation: The cemetery Becomes A Rest Park, n d 21 North Sydney Counc¡|, St Thomas' Rest Park 22 $25 Million Expressway Opens, The Canberra Times, 20 June 1968, p. 19. 250 West Slreet, Crows Nest 23 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 37

(2) The Council shall be ffie frusfees of the scheduted land for all purposes of the Public Parks Act 1912, as amended by subsequent Acts, and shall be deemed to have been appointed pursuant to that Act, as so amended, to be the trustees of the scheduled land.

(3) (a) The Council shall maintain the scheduled land as a resf park and garden and may erect and maintain a columbarium on the scheduled land, and, notwithstanding anything in any other Act, but subject to the provisions of this Act, the Council shall not use the scheduled land or permit it to be used for any other purpose. (b) The Council may, either alone or in conjunction with the Rector and Churchwardens of St. Thomas'Church of England, Notlh Sydney, place in the columbarium referred to in paragraph (a) of this subsection fhe ashes of persons who have been cremated.24

After lengthy consultation with Church authorities, St Thomas' Cemetery was handed over to North Sydney Council in 1967 and proclaimed a Rest Park. Several historic precincts were created (Precincts C, D, E G and H) and the remainder of the site was landscaped for recreational purposes and planted with native trees. St Thomas' Rest Park officially opened in 1974.ln 1985 Council made a further grant to complete the project and carry out urgent restoration works on some of the monuments within the Rest Park.2s

The term "Rest Park" describes an area of land, formerly a cemetery, which has been modified for the purpose of better catering for the recreational needs of the community whilst retaining the basic features of the cemetery. The area became "community land", and responsibility for its management and maintenance was transferred from a management committee of the Church of England to North Sydney Council.26 The area is used for passive recreation. ln 1972, in accordance with the Ac( Council gave notice of its intent to move structures in the Park and afforded the opportunity for those who wanted to relocate headstones or human remains. One monument was relocated outside the site, that of Richard Brooks, former owner of Carisbrook to the courtyard of that house in Lane Cove. No known human remains were removed.2T

The Cemetery was renamed St Thomas' Rest Park. With the landscape plan drafted by Landscape Design students from the University of NSW and implemented by Ashton, Powetl and Taylor, the park was officially opened to the public,28 by the MayorAlderman Michael O'Dea, on I September 1974.2e

24 New South Wales Government, St Thomas' Church of England, North Sydney Cemetery Act 1967. . 25 North Sydney Council, Transformation: The cemetery Becomes A Rest Park, n.d. 2ô North Sydney Council, Sf Ihomas'RestPark Plan of Management,2009. 27 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conseruation Management Plan, 2013 28 North Sydney Council, St lhomas'Resf Park Plan of Management,2009. 29 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas Rest Pa rk Memorial Plaque, 1974. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation l\4anagement Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 38

Figure 2.20 The 1 943 aerial of the St Thomas' Cemetery illustrating the monuments in the cemetery and Sexton's Cottage as well as surrounding residential development

Source: New South Wales Land and Property lnformation, 1943.

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St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 39

Figure 2.22 Aerial survey view of the St Thomas' Cemetery and surrounding houses and streets Construction of the Warringah Expressway had commenced by the time of this aerial image.

Source: North Sydney Council, August 1 965.

Figure 223 Aerial survey view of the St Tomas' Rest Park As evident in this image, headstones had been removed and landscape planting had commenced by this date The newly constructed Warringah Expressway is clearly visible to the north of the cemetery.

Source: North Sydney Council, c1 970s

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 40

Figure 2 24 Aerial view of Crows Nest looking west showing early stages in construction of Warringah Expressway in the foreground. St Thomas' Cemetery is visible in the foreground, to the left of the image. Part of the former cemetery was later lost as part of the construction of the Warringah Expressway. lt does not appear that any graves were within the area that was acquired. A substantial structure of some form is visible in the north eastern corner of the cemetery, adjacent to West Street. This structure was located within the section of the land acquired for the construction of the Warringah Expressway

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Figure 2.26 The 1972 Landscape Plan for St Thomas' Rest Park. Drafted by Landscape Design Students from the University of NSW, the landscape plan was implemented by Ashton, Taylor & Powell.

Source: North Sydney Council, 1972. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 43

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Source: Ashton Powell Taylor Architects & Landscape Consultants; Planting PIan St Thomas, 1972.

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Of the original 909 headstones, approximately 450 still remain. The conversion of the Cemetery to a Rest Park saw the loss of integrity and overall heritage significance of the Cemetery. At the time of the conversion, it was seen as socially acceptable.30

Despite the conversion, the Rest Park remains an extremely valuable and important historical site; the historic precincts and the Sexton's Cottage museum form part of Council's Historical Services and are an important community heritage resource.

2.14 Removal and Relocation of Headstones

To create the Rest Park, the neglected Cemetery was tidied up.31 During the conversion, broken monuments, those in poor condition, unmarked or illegible were removed and monuments in good condition were relocated to new "historic" precincts within the Rest Park. Monuments and headstones already in suitable positions were retained in these locations. Most grave surrounds were removed and used to form low walls around the newly formed precincts.32

The policy for retention of headstones was based upon historical "significance", which was not fully defined, and the legibility of inscriptions. There was no appreciable objection to the plan and the works and the consequent relocation of most of the headstones was endorsed by the local North Shore Historical Society (NSHS). "The real destruction", argued the NSHS Secretary, related to "decades of neglect, vandalism, rubbish dumping and weed growth".

Similarly, Alec Chisolm of the Royal Australian Historical Society praised the "renovation" of the Cemetery. The plan kept the Berry monument as the focal point of the Park. The BenVOvens monument remains where it was originally relocated from Garden lsland. Other significant monuments, namely those of Holtermann, Martens, Gowlland, Stanley and Barney, sit at their original locations near the Berry tomb. John Whitton's headstone also remains at its original location, while other headstones have been relocated within close proximity. ln 1991, 62 headstones were re-erected within the new heritage precincts.33 A list of these headstones, provided by North Sydney Council, is included atAppendix 1.

30 North Sydney Council, Transformation: The cemetery Becomes A Rest park, n.d. 31 North Sydney Council, Transformation: The cemetery Becomes A Rest park, n.d. 32 North Sydney Council, Transformation: The cemetery Becomes A Rest park, n.d. 33 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conseruation Management Plan, 2013. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation l\4anagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 46

2.15 Photographic Record of St Thomas' Gemetery

Prior to the conversion work in the flrst half of the 1970s of St Thomas' Cemetery to St Thomas' Rest Park and the redevelopment undertaken between 1970 and 1974, a photographic record of the headstones was undertaken. These images included some general photos of the cemetery. They are available on the Stanton Library website as part of the St Thomas' Cemetery Headstones lndex and serve as a valuable resource of the Cemetery prior to conversíon to the Rest Park.

Figure 2.29 The West Street entrance to St Thomas' Cemetery. The roof of Sexton's Cottage is visible in the background with the West Street fence and gates in the foreground.

Source: Stanton Library. North Sydney Council, 1 970.

Figure 2 30 The West Street entrance to St Thomas' Cemetery, as viewed from the opposite side of the street The West Street fence and gates are left of centre, with the Sexton's Cottage to the right of the image.

Source: Stanton Library. North Sydney Council, I 970.

Figure 2.31 General view within St Thomas' Cemetery.

Source: Stanton Library. North Sydney Council, '1970

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Figure 2.32 The Berry monument with overgrown vegetation

Source: Stanton Library. North Sydney Council 1970.

Figure 2.33 General view within St Thomas'Cemetery

Source: Stanton Library. North Sydney Council, 1970

Figure 2 34 View within St Thomas'Cemetery. The Owen Stanley and Ellis Bent monument is visible to the right of centre

Source: Stanton Library North Sydney Council, 1970. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 48

Figure 2.35 View looking south along the row of poplars bordering the West Street fence to the left.

Source: Stanton Library. North Sydney Council, I 970.

Figure 2.36 View within St Thomas' Cemetery illustrating its unkept character.

Source: Stanton L¡brary. North Sydney Council, 1970.

Figure 2.37 View of headstones and monuments within St Thomas'Cemetery.

Source: Stanton Library North Sydney Council, 1970.

Figure 2.38 View of St Thomas'Cemetery with the Berry monument to the left

Source: North Sydney Council, 1983.

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2.16 Current Use

The conversion of the Cemetery to a Rest Park was North Sydney Council's first heritage project. lt aimed to conserve a historic site while providing public access to its history and heritage.3a

2.16.1 St Thomas'Rest Park

StThomas'Rest Park isthe largestpublicreserve in Grows Nestwest of the Warringah Expressway.3s Conversion work from a cemetery to a rest park commenced in the early 1970s and continued until 1974, with the majority of the headstones and monuments removed and the area relandscaped. lt is now a major community facility for passive recreation.

St Thomas' Rest Park generally functions as a local park, and is well patronised mostly by local residents living in the immediate vicinity. It currently accommodates a range of recreational experiences including picnicking, socialising and dog walking. Away from the historic precincts, the layout of the Rest Park features its extensíve areas of tree and shrub planting and irregular mounding. Play equipment located in the north western corner of the Rest Park caters specifically for the recreational needs of children.36 Figure 2.39 The 2013 aerial ofthe StThomas'Rest Park. The Rest Park is also occasionally used as the setting for a diverse Some of the monuments and historic precincts range of community events. The extremely popular annual "Spring are visible in this image, including Sexton's into Jazz" concert and the "Dogs Christmas Party" have both been Cottage to the right. Park.37 held at St Thomas' Rest Source: Department of Lands, 201 3.

2.16.2 Sexton's Gottage

Sexton's Cottage was officially reopened by Henry Boyd on 23 October 1983.38 North Sydney Council restored the cottage in 1985, and opened the museum in the original "laying out" room in 1986. The rest of the cottage was converted to a residence.3s

The museum contains a copy of the burial register from 1846 to 1948, storyboards which explain the history of the Church and the Cemetery, the original plot map indicating the original locations of relocated monuments and headstones, photographs and other biographical information relating to the history of the Cemetery and the people interred there.4o The most common occupation of those interred at the cemetery, as recorded in the burial register, are tradesmen followed by businessmen.al

34 North Sydney Council, St lhomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. 35 North Sydney Counc¡|, Brief for Conservat¡on Management Plan, 2013 36 North Sydney Council, Sf ll¡omas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. 37 North Sydney Council, Sf Ïhomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. 38 Opening Plaque, 1983. 39 North Sydney Council, People, Places I Profess¡ons, n.d. 40 North Sydney Council, Sf lf,omas' Resl Park Plan of Management, 2009. 41 North Sydney Council, People, Places & Professtons, n.d. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 50

Physical Evidence

3.1 lntroduction

This section describes St Thomas' Rest Park, Sexton's Cottage and the West Street Fence and Gates, their context and relationship to each other. lt makes use of the historical evidence outlined in the previous section to understand the physical changes that have taken place.

3.2 Urban Gontext

St. Thomas' Rest Park is not only the largest area of open space in Nest but it is also the most popularly utilised. the suburb of Crows Figure 3.1 St Thomas' Rest Park consists of monuments within a landscape. The Waningah Freeway, located to the north of The conversion of the former Cemetery into a Rest Park, (which the subject site, looking west. occurred in thefirst half of the 1 970s), went some wayto overcoming the relative shortfall of public open space in thís part of the North Sydney area.r

St. Thomas' Rest Park occupies an area of approximately 4 acres (1.6 hectares), and is situated on the brow of a gentle hill. Consisting of historic precincts containing headstones and monuments, a small cottage museum, an interpretive history trail, extensively landscaped grounds, a children's playground and a public amenities building, the Rest Park caters for the recreational needs of the local community as well as for visitors who come to explore and investigate the history of the place.

The main entrance to the Rest Park is through the historic gates on Figure 3.2 Looking south across St Thomas' Rest Park West Street. To the north Rest Park is bounded by the Warringah towards the rear of the residential development Freeway and residential development, to the south, east and west. that adjoins Huntington Street.

The back fences of a number of properties on the northern side of Huntington Street encroach onto the Rest Park.2

Figure 3 3 Looking south across St Thomas' Rest Park towards the rear of the resident¡al development that adjoins Huntington Street. The Bent and 1 North Sydney Council, St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of ManagemenL 2009. Ovens monument is in the centre of the image 2 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas'Resf Park Plan of Management,2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 2014 o Graham Brooks &Associates PtY Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 51

Figure 3.4 Aerial image of St Thomas' Rest Park in relation to the surrounding residential character to the south, east and west. The Warringah Freeway is located directly to the north of the site. The subject site is outlined in red.

Source: Nearmaps, 5 May 2014.

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3.3 Description of St Thomas' Rest Park 3.3.1 Overuiew:

The following overview of the StThomas'Rest Park is in accordance with the required format in the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation". This overview is followed by a detailed description.

Locality: Crows Nest Region North Sydney Postcode: 2065 Name of Site: St Thomas' Rest Park Other Names: St Thomas' Cemetery Address 250 West Street, Crows Nest Local Government Area: North Sydney Council Parish: Willoughby County: Cumberland Authority Responsible North Sydney Council for the site: Local Interest Group: National Trust of Australia Area: Approximately 4 acres (1.6 hectares) Use: Rest Park Number of existing Approximately 450 monuments: Number of burials Approximately 5,450 (refer to the St Thomas' Cemetery Burial Register) Percentage of 909 transcriptions recorded in 1963 monuments transcribed : Location of Transcripts : EJ Lea-Scarlett, Sf Thomas Church of England North Sydney Monumental lnscriptions in the Cemetery, 1963 - available at the North Sydney Heritage Centre and Sextons' Cottage Museum. See also photographs of monuments surviving in the mid 1960s available on St Thomas Cemetery Headsfones lndex - through the Stanton Library / North Sydney Heritage Centre website.

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3.3.2 Precinct ldentification:

North Sydney Council has divided the St Thomas' Rest Park into precincts for ease of reference. These precincts are illustrated diagrammatically in the flgure below. For consistency, these 10 precincts, Precinct A through to K, will be referred to as such in this CMP.

An overview of the descriptions of the precincts are included in the table below.

Precinct Description Number of monuments A This precinct contains relocated headstones laid out in a line in front of the 23 vegetation adjacent to the West Street fence. The precinct is located on the eastern boundary of the Rest Park.

B Precinct B consists of some headstones remaining in their original location as 57 well as relocated headstones laid out in lines and headstones scattered amongst established vegetation. This precinct is located to the west of Sexton's Cottage. ln 1992 Hannah Mcleod's broken monumentwas restored and re-erected on the exact site of her burial within this precinct. The Bermuda Cypress (Juniperus bermudiana), known as the Commemorative Tree, is located in the centre of this precinct.

c A precinct containing relocated headstones arranged in tight row formations, this 55 precinct is located to the centre, north of the Rest Park. Set within sandstone kerbing from former grave surrounds, the precinct is covered in white gravel mulch This precinct contains a grave known as the Crib. The crib serves as a reminder that the largest percentage of burials in the cemetery's history were children under the age of 5. Approximately 2,000 children under the age of 10 were buried in the cemetery between 1845 and 1950.

D The precinct includes a corral of relocated headstones arranged in tight rows. Set 56 within sandstone kerbing, the precinct is covered in white gravel mulch. lt is located near the northern boundary of Rest Park.

E This precinct contains relocated headstones scattered amongst established 21 vegetation towards the centre of Rest Park. The broken headstone of James HartwellWilliams, the fìrst U.S. Consulappointed to Sydney in '1836, was reconstructed in 199'1 and erected on a slate slab on the exact location of his burial plot within this precinct. A bronze plaque commemorating the 11Oth anniversary of his death was unveiled by the U.S. Consul General in 1992.

F Adjacent to the southern boundary of the Rest Park, the relocated headstones in 10 this precinct are randomly scattered amongst established vegetation. A curving pedestrian path traverses the precinct.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 54

G Located towards the southern boundary, of the Rest Park, this precinct is set within 92 reused sandstone kerbing and covered in white gravel mulch. Some headstones remain in their original location. Others have been relocated to the precinct. This section contains the majority of the maritime / naval persons interred at the former cemetery including Stanley Owen, George Barney, Conrad Martens and James Goodenough. Bernard Holtermann is also ínterred within this precinct.

H This precinct contains relocated headstones scattered around the landscaping and 48 is located to the centre of the Rest Park.

This precinct includes the museum and front verandah of Sexton's Cottage. Sexton's NA Cottage contains a single room museum and family history resource centre, and behind, a self contained residence for a subsidised housing tenant. Parts of broken monuments from throughout the park are stored within the museum.

J Located in the north western corner of Rest Park, the relocated headstones in this 6 precinct are scattered amongst the landscaping.

K This precinct, being the largest of the precincts and generally includes the centre 17 axis of the park from east to west, and approximately the western third of the park. It primarily consists of the open space areas with some scattered headstones remaining in their original location, including the BerryMoolstonecraft monument, Merion Moriarty, William Branwhite Clarke and the Ellis Bent and John Ovens monument.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (D October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 55

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Figure 3.6 Located on the eastern boundary of St Thomas' Rest Park, Precinct A includes a row of relocated headstones which face west. Vegetation adjoining the fence on West street screens the park.

Figure 3.7 Located to the west of the Sexton's Cottage, Precinct B consists of some headstones remaining in their original location as well as relocated headstones laid out in lines and headstones scattered amongst established vegetation. The Bermuda Cypress, known as the Commemorative Tree, is located in the centre of this precinct.

Figure 3.8 A corral of relocated headstones arranged in t¡ght row formations, Precinct C is located to the centre, north of the Rest Park. Set within sandstone kerbing from former grave surrounds and covered in white gravel. This precinct contains a grave known as the Crib which serves as a reminder that the largest percentage of burials in the cemetery's history were children under the age of 5.

Figure 3.9 Located nearthe northern boundary of Rest Park, Precinct D includes a corral of relocated headstones arranged in tight rows. Set within sandstone kerbing, the precinct is covered ¡n white gravel.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates PtY Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 57

Figure 3.10 Precinct E, located in the central, northern section of St Thomas' Rest Park, contains relocated headstones scattered amongst established vegetation towards the centre of Rest Park.

Figure 3.11 Precinct F, located to the south in St Thomas' Rest Park, adjacent to the southern boundary. It contains relocated headstones, randomly scattered amongst established vegetation. A curving pedestr¡an path traverses the precinct.

Figure 3.12 Located towards the southern boundary of the Rest Park, Precinct G is set within reused sandstone kerbing and covered in white gravel. Some headstones remain in their original location. Others have been relocated to the precinct. Thié section contains the majority of the mar¡time / naval persons interred at the former cemetery. Bemard Holtermann is also interred within this precinct.

Figure 3.'13 Precinct H contains relocated headstones scattered around the landscaping and is located to the centre of the Rest Park.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 20'14 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 58

Figure 3 14 Precinct I includes the single room museum and family history resource centre and the front verandah of Sexton's Cottage. Behind is a self contained residence for a subsidised housing tenant.

Figure 3.15 Precinct J is located in the north western corner of Rest Park The relocated headstones in this precinct are scattered amongst the landscaping

Figure 316 Precinct K is the largest of the precincts and is generally located to the centre of the Rest Park It primarily consists of the open space areas with scattered headstones remaining in their original locations.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 59

3.3.3 General Description of St Thomas' Rest Park:

St Thomas' Rest Park is a 1.6 hectare parcel of land that was originally St Thomas' Cemetery the first official European burial ground on the North Shore.3 lt is located on the brow of a gentle hill.4 Within the grounds is Sexton's Cottage which includes the original mid 19th century laying-out room, now the Museum and research area, and the subsequent rooms added later in the 1800s to accommodate the church Sexton.s Sexton's cottage is a simple single storey building of rendered masonry with a verandah and an iron roof over timber shingles. The original section was constructed circa 1850.6 Figure 3.17 St Thomas' Rest Park reflects the layering of time, with some Looking west across St Thomas' Rest Park, headstones across Precinct K with the scattered monuments and important monuments remaining in their original in the foreground. locations. Other headstones have been relocated to new precíncts or are scattered among trees or other landscaping. Some have been retained as "rescued fragments" and other genealogícal information contained in the historical documentary records.

Consisting of historic precincts containing headstones and monuments, an interpretive history trail, extensively landscaped grounds, a children's playground and a public amenities building, the Rest Park caters for the recreational needs of the local community as well as for visitors who come to explore and investigate the history of the former cemetery.7

Other features of St Thomas' Rest Park include the original West Street fence and gates which form the main entry to the park from Figure 3.18 West Street. The fence is of Gothic design in cast iron on a stone The view to the south looking across Precinct K. The Bermuda base. A small public amenities block located Cypress in the foreground, right, on the northern side also known as the Remembrance Tree, is the of the Sexton's Cottage is in relatively good conditíon. Parallel most sign¡f¡cant tree remaining in the Rest Park. pathways linking West Street with residential and commercial areas on the western side of the Rest Park facilitate pedestrian movement through the park.8

To the north the Rest Park is bounded by the Warringah Freeway and residential development to the south, east and west. The back fences of a number of properties on the northern side of Huntington Street encroach onto the Rest Park.e

3 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conseruation Management Plan,2013 4 North Sydney Council, St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2OOg. 5 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservat¡on Management Plan,2013. 6 Heritage D¡v¡sion, Envi¡'onment and Heritage, St lhomas Res¡ Park,1993. 7 North Sydney Council, St lhomas'Resf Pa rk Plan of Management, 2009. 8 North Sydney Council, St lhornas'Rest Pa rk Plan of Management,2009. 9 North Sydney Council, St lñomas'Rest Pa fu Plan of Management,2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 60

There are approximately 450 monuments and headstones remaining within St Thomas' Rest Park. Many of the historically signiflcant graves lie within historic precincts created at the time of the conversion to a park. Other improvements have been retained in sympathetic locations outside these areas. The sandstone edging bordering the historic precincts was repaired and relaid as part of the landscape improvement program undertaken in the 1970s to allow ease of mowing and the area was covered with a white gravel mulch to inhibit weed growth.l lnteresting and historic monuments still remain within the Park including that of Elizabeth Berry, 1845; Edward Wollstonecraft, 1832; and Alexander Berry, 1873, which is an imposing pyramidal stone vault. Judge Ellis Bent, 18'15 and Br Major John Ovens, 1825 share a combined monument which was moved from the George Street Cemetery and later from Garden lsland. Other monuments include Lieut. Col. George Barney, 1878;Capt. Owen Stanley. 1850; Rev. W.B. Clarke, 1878; Capt. John Vine Hall, 1932; and his wife Alice, 1934 (daughter of E.T. Blacket) and William Pymble, 1849.

I Norih Sydney Council, S¡ lhomas'Resf Patk Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates PtY Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 61

Figure 3.19 View to the north, looking across St Thomas' Rest Park, with Precinct H in the foreground.

Figure 3.20 View to the west across Precinct K in St Thomas'Rest Park. The landscaped mound on the western side of the park is visible in the background.

Figure 3 2'l Looking north across Precinct K towards the preschool. Precinct J is visible to the left.

Figure 3.22 View to the east across Precinct K in St Thomas Rest Park. Precinct H in the foreground

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 62

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Figure 3.23 View looking to the north across Precinct K. The Berry monument is in the background, to the right and Precinct B is to the left.

Figure 3.24 View looking to the north across Precinct K towards Sexton's Cottage. Monuments within Precinct A are to the right of the image.

Figure 3.25 Looking to the north east across Precinct K, towards Sexton's Cottage and the West Street fence and gates in the background.

Figure 3.26 Looking to the north east across Precinct K, towards Sexton's Cottage with the established nat¡ve vegetat¡on in the foreground.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 63

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Figure 3 27 View looking south west towards Precinct G.

Figure 3.28 Looking to the north across Precinct K in the direction of the Warringah Freeway. Part of the landscaped mound is visible in the foreground

Figure 3.29 Detail of the landscaped mound located to the western side of Precinct K.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ Oclobet 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 64

3.3.4 Monuments:

There are a range of different types of monuments and headstones within the St Thomas' Rest Park. Using the terminology defined in the National Trust Cemefe ry Guidelines for Cemetery Conseruation, the types found at the Park include:

Pyramid

Upright Slabs - Semicircular - Semicircular with shoulders - Gothic

HorizontalSlabs -Alter

Crosses - Roman / Latin - Celtic

Sculptures - Urn - Drapped Urn

Desk Decoration - Scroll

Pillars - Obelisk

Monuments within the StThomas' Rest Park can be divided into the following categories:

Monuments in original locatíons (located within historic Precincts G and K)

Monuments relocated to historic precincts

Monuments scattered in established native vegetation (Precinct K)

Monuments gathered around trees (including those laying on the ground (Precincts B and E)

There is an overall presence of an open scatter of monuments. This gives an evocative sense of the cemetery prior to the establishment of the Rest Park.lo

1 0 North Sydney Council, St lhomas'Resf Pa rk Plan of Management, 2009 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (D October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates PtY Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 65

Figure 3.30 Figure 3.31 A relocated monument within the St Thomas'Rest Park. An example of relocated monuments within a historic precinct at St Thomas' Rest Park. A brass plaque has been set into the base ofthe monument recapturing the original wording on the monument.

Figure 3.33 Figure 3.32 A visually distracting brass plaque has been set into the A brass plaque sits adjacent to the remnant monument base of the Berry monument recapturing the recapturing the original wording on the monument. original wording on the monument. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 66

Figure 3.34 ln 1875 Commodore James Goodenough, from Milsons Point, was interred at St Thomas' Cemetery, w¡th several of his crew who were killed by islanders at Santa Cruz.

Figure 3.35 A brass plaque attached to the concrete landscape i retaining wall adjacent to Precinct G. This sign is evidence of the subsequent memor¡alisat¡on on the 1970s landscape wall.

Figure 3.36 A memorial tablet which has been attached to the sandstone kerbing surrounding Precinct G.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 67

Figure 3.37 Brass plaques in remembrance of over 2,000 children interred with¡n the former St Thomas' Cemetery located in Precinct C.

Figure 3.38 The Berry monument, the first, and most dominant, monument located within the St Thomas'Rest Park.

Figure 3.39 St Thomas' Cemetery was chosen as the site for the relocation of the joint tombs of Judge Advocate Ellis Bent and explorer John Ovens from Garden lsland in 1882, as the island was being redeveloped to better accommodate the Australia Squadron of the Royal Navy. This monument is still located in its original location within the St Thomas' Rest Park.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 68

3.3.5 Sexton's Cottage

ln 1986 the original "laying out" room at Sexton's Cottage was reopened as the Sexton's Cottage Museum, housing the Cemetery's burial register, storyboards relating the history of St Thomas' Church and Cemetery, photographs of early North Sydney and other memorabilia. The museum at the front of the cottage is managed by Stanton Library's Manager of Historical and Technical Services staff at Stanton Library which is headed up by the North ------._,l Sydney Council Historian. The subsidised housing tenant has an unofficial caretaking role which includes reporting vandalism. The cottage is bordered by a low timber picket fence and some cottage garden style plants.l Figure 3.40 The original section of the cottage constructed for the St Thomas' Detail of the shingles located under the Church's Sexton contains a rendered masonry exterior with a corrugated iron roof sheeting. verandah roof supported by timber posts. The iron roof is placed over timber shingles. Timber extensions were carried out in the 1880s.2 Doors are four panelled timber doors. On the southern facade, windows are double hung, sash windows. A casement window is in the western elevation. The exterior of the Sexton's Cottage was repainted in 1995.3

The ceiling is raked at its corners, forming a champhered edge and is timber lined. Timber joinery lines the painted masonry walls. There is a chimney breast on the eastern elevation of the room which contains a timber mantle around a cast iron fire grate, with masonry hearth in front. The floor consists of timber floorboards. Figure 3 41 The western facade of the Sexton's Cottage, as Extensive maintenance works were carried out internally to the viewed from within St Thomas' Rest Park. The cottage in 2OO2l3 after it had been vacated by a long-standing public toilets are visible in the foreground. tenant and before a new tenant moved in.a

Figure 3.42 Figure 3.43 The southern (front) facade of Sexton's Cottage, as viewed from within The western facade of the Sexton's Gottage, as viewed from St Thomas' Rest Park. with¡n St Thomas' Rest Park. The public toilets are visible in the foreground.

I North Sydney Council, St thornas'Rest Pa rk Plan of Management, 2009 2 North Sydney Council, St lhomas'Rest Pa rk Plan of Management, 2009. 3 North Sydney Council, St Thoma! Rest Park Plan of Management,2009. 4 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas'Rest Pa rk Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates PÇ Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 69

Figure 3.44 Detail of the front facade under the verandah on the southern facade of Sexton's Cottage.

Figure 3.45 The south western corner of Sexton's Cottage, as viewed from within St Thomas'Rest Park.

Figure 3.46 The interior of the museum in the Sexton's Cottage, looking west, originally the'laying out" room.

Figure 3 47 The interior of the museum in the Sexton's Cottage, look¡ng east, originally the "laying out" room.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservat¡on Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Assoc¡ates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 70

3.3.6 Landscaping:

Most of the trees, shrubs and ground covers were planted as part of the 1970s landscape works. The planting scheme aimed to recreate the original vegetation community which would have existed prior to European settlement. Turpentines were used to form a backdrop to the historic sections of the Rest Park, and groves of Casuarinas, Acacias and Banksias were used to screen the site from its surrounds and to attract native birds. Trees retained when the new plantings occurred included Brush Boxes, Pittosporums and the large Wattle located near the Commemorative Tree. There is an established Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) in the north western corner ofthe Rest Park. Figure 3.48 The Bermuda Cypress (Juniperus bermudiana), located in Precinct The established native vegetation to the west of B to the west of Sexton's Cottage, is the most significant tree Precinct G, within the raised, landscaped mound remaining in the Rest Park. Known as the Commemorative Tree, and concrete retain¡ng wall in the foreground. it is the only example of a symbolic tree planting in the Rest Park. It is believed to have been planted soon after the Cemetery was consecrated.ll Trees of this family have long been associated with funerals and mourning practíces in many different civilisations, and the wood has been used to make coffins due to its incorruptibility. It is believed that Alexander Berry planted the cypress trees in the ', Cemetery and that this tree may have seeded from one of the tt, original trees.l2

The row of poplars growing along the West Street fence was removed when the '1970s landscape plan was implemented as it was considered the poplars introduced a discordant element into an otherwise natural association of plants. The poplars were Figure 3.49 located in the approximately 10 years old at the time of their removal. The established native vegetation landscaped mound adjoining the pathway within Precinct F. ln 1990 contractors maintaining St Thomas' Rest Park prepared a new planting scheme in consultation with Council staff. The scheme involved planting additional native species to supplement the original plantings, and replacing plants nearing the end of their lives.13 ln 1998 another replanting program was undertaken. The understorey vegetation in numerous areas íncluding along the West Street frontage was substantially replanted using plant material from a list of indigenous species developed when the Rest Park was planted out during the 1970s. Additionally a number of shade tolerant natives were chosen for underplanting beneath the existíng canopy.la Figure 3.50 The established native vegetat¡on within Precinct K in St Thomas' Rest Park.

11 North Sydney Council, The Cultivated Landscape, n.d. 1 2 North Sydney Council, St lñomas' Resf Patu Plan of Management, 2009. 1 3 North Sydney Council, Sl lñomas' Resl Park Plan of Management, 2009. 14 North Sydney Council, Sl Iáomas'Resf Park Plan of Management,2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 20'14 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 71

Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera) were used to form a backdrop around the historic section of the Rest Park and a grove of Casuarinas behind the West Street fence was planted to allow glimpses into the Rest Park from this approach. Sydney wattle (Acacia longifolia), Black wattle (Acacia decurrens), Golden banksia (Banksia ericifolia), White kunzea (Kunzea ambigua), and Leptospermum sp. were all used in areas for screening.l5

Other trees planted in the Rest Park include Sydney Red Gums (Angophora costata), Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Sydney Peppermint (Eucalyptus piperita), Red Bloodwood (Eucalyptus gummifera), Coastal Myall (Acacia g/aucescens) and Sweet Figure 3 51 Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum). Smaller plants include The Bermuda Cypress in the foreground, Hairpin Banksia (Banksia spinulosa), Golden Spray (Viminaria (Juniperus bermudiana), also known as the juncea), (Lambe¡lia Remembrance Tree, is the most significant tree Mountain devil formosa), Dusky Coral Pea remaining in the Rest Park. (Ke n ned i a ru b icu n d a), Sarsapari I la Vine (H arde n be rgi a v i ol ace a), Kangaroo Vine (Cissus antarctica), River Rose (Bauera rubioides), lsopogon sp. and Dillwynia sp.16

The Bermuda cypress has been retained within the historic section of the Rest Park. Othertrees which were retained on the site include Pittosporums and Brush Boxes. There is a Blackbutt in the nofth western corner of the Rest Park.17

Figure 3.52 A stand of native vegetation located within Precinct B, with monuments placed in a line underneath.

Figure 3.53 Figure 3.54 Looking to the south across Precinct K, with the established vegetation View looking across Precinct K towards the established native on the southern boundary visible in the background. vegetation within St Thomas' Rest Park.

1 5 North Sydney Council, Sl Ihomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. 16 North Sydney Council, Sl lhornas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. 1 7 North Sydney Council, Sl l/,omas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates PÇ Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 72

3.3.7 West Street Fence and Gates

The West Street fence and gates consists of a cast iron fence and gates set in to a sandstone base. The cast iron sections sit between sandstone pillars. The description for the fence, prepared as part of The Conseruation Treatment of Th e Wrought (cast) /ron Fe nce at St Thomas' Rest Park Crows Nesf, is reiterated below.

The fence is constructed from cast iron consistíng of ve¡tical railing panels made from square section palings of approximately 25mm, piercing through four flat-screen top and bottom horizontal rials. The top flat section rail measures approximately 12mm width, with the remaining rails approximately 60mm in width. Each section ,s approximately 1,411mm high by 2,330mm wide and is ioined to its neighbours with lapjoints formed at the rail ends. Each section is constructed of a repeating pattern of iron work, with 5 panels per section, 20 veñical railings per section.

The pattern consrsfs of two long trident railings at each end of each segment (extending 200mm over the top horizontal rail of the fence) with three smaller trident railings extending to a varied height (central trident taller than those on either side) immediately below the uppermost horizontal railing within the Gothic arch. The cast ironwork immediately below the horizontal railing is fhe mosf decorative and consrsts of a Gothic ironwork arch. The joins in the metalwork where the arch meets the long trident railing are held with iron bolts.18

Figure 3.55 The cast iron West Street fence and gates as viewed from West Street, looking south.

1 8 Sydney Artefacts Conservation, The Wrought lron Fence at St Thomas" Rest Park, Crows Nesf, 2002. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 73

3.3.8 Existing Signage and lnterpretation

A plot map kept at the museum indicates the original location of all individuals interred in the former Cemetery and the associated monuments and headstones, of which most have been moved to create the historic precincts within the Rest Park. Attempts by organisations such as the Army and the Department of Railways to move various monuments to locations outside the Rest Park have been strongly resisted in order to preserve the historic character and the integrity of the park.le

Over the years, the original engravings on a number of monuments and headstones have become worn and weathered and are now virtually illegible. Stanton Library holds complete transcriptions of all existing headstones, and a plaque program is currently in operation which involves the installation of standard plaques containing pertinent information on the more historically significant monuments and headstones which have become diffìcult to read. Additionally, relatives may request the installation of relevant plaques at their own expense.20

At various times since the Cemetery's closure, small plaques have been added to the low precinct sandstone borders commemorating those whose stones were lost and some descendants whose ashes have been spread nearby.21 Figure 3 56 guided ln 1998 a series of 7 interpretive signs were installed throughout The self walking tour for the St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail. Rest Park. Collectively known as the St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail, the signs interpret the history and development of the Rest Source: North Sydney Council Park to visitors. Topics interpreted include the establishment of the Cemetery, characteristics of a Victorian cemetery detailed information regarding specific individuals interred in the former cemetery, the transformation from a Cemetery to the Rest Park, the Commemorative Tree and the Sexton's Cottage Museum.22 ln addition, as part of the interpretation in the Sexton's Cottage Museum, there are four storyboards included within the museum.

North Sydney Council contains some general information on St Thomas'Rest Park, which includes:

The St Thomas' Cemetery Headstone lndex available on the online Heritage Databases at Stanton Library 2009 St lhomas'Rest Park Plan of Management (PoM) lntroductory information available on the Council website regarding St Thomas' Rest Park and the Sexton's Cottage Museum in relation to North Sydney Museums lntroductory information available on the Council website regarding St Thomas' Rest Park and the Sexton's Cottage Museum in relation to Parks and Reserves Figure 3.57 The main interpretation sign when entering St Thomas'Rest Park. 1 9 North Sydney Council, Sl lhomas' Resú Pa rk Plan of Management, 20Og 20 North Sydney Council, Br¡effor ConseNation Management Plan,2013 21 North Sydney Council, Br¡ef for Conseruat¡on Management Plan, 2013 22 North Sydney Council, St ll,omas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 74

Figure 3.58 The interpretation signage adjacent to the Sexton's Cottage.

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1 983, ìN 8Y {L COUÈJCI! -- åi.EMPSÍA:_ Figure 3.59 -Cr!\ C É;' A plaque on the front facade of the Sexton's Cottage commemorating its renovation and reopening in 1983.

Figure 3.60 A plaque on the front facade of the Sexton's Cottage commemorating the opening of the museum.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 75

Figure 3.61 lnterpretation Panel No. 2: People, Places and Professions, as part of the St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail.

Figure 3.62 lnterpretation Panel No. 4: Transfonnation: The Cemetery Becomes A Rest Park, as part of the St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail.

Figure 3.63 lnterpretation Panel No. 6: The Cultivated Landscape, as part of the St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail.

Figure 3.64 lnterpretation Panel No. 7'. The Sexton's Cottage, as part of the St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 76

Figure 3.65 Figure 3.66 The interpretive storyboard within the museum, in relation The interpretive storyboard within the museum, in relation to " A Recycled Cemeten/ . to'Sf lhomas Church".

Figure 3.67 Figure 3.68 The ¡nterpretive storyboard within the museum, in relation lnterpretive storyboard within the museum, in relation to to "Ihe Sexfon's Cottage" " Some notable personalities".

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 77

3.4 Gondition and lntegrity

3.4.1 St Thomas' Rest Park

There are approximately450 monuments and headstones remaining in St Thomas' Rest Park. Many of the historically significant graves lie within historic precincts created at the time of the conversion to the park. Others have been retained in sympathetic locations outside these areas, such as within Precinct K. The sandstone edging bordering the historic precincts was repaired and relaid from former surrounds as part of the landscape improvement program undertaken in the 1970s forthe ease of mowing, and the ground inside the sandstone edging was covered with a white gravel mulch to inhibit weed growth.23

ln 1997 new lights were installed in the Rest Park. New seats and picnic tables were installed in 1998 to replace the old style seats that were in relatively poor condition and not consistent with Council's identified corporate image.2a

A new, fully fenced playground was constructed in the Rest Park in 200314 near the Matthew Lane entrance, replacing the ageing play equipment that previously occupied this location. The new playground is partially shaded by mature trees, and trees have been planted to provide additional shade in the future. Seats and picnic tables cater for people supervising the children's play and the playground also features an accessible bubbler.2s

3.4.2 MonumentLocation

The following monuments remain in their original locations

The Berry Monument:ANeoclassical Pyramid erected in honour of Elizabeth Berry. Edward Wollstonecraft and Alexander Berry are also interred in the monument (Precinct G)

. Owen Stanley RN (Precinct G)

. Joint Tombs of Judge Advocate Ellis Bent and explorer John Ovens (relocated from Garden lsland in 1868)(Precinct K)

. Bernard O Holtermann (Precinct G)

. Martens Gowlland (Precinct G)

. Lt. Co. George Barney (Precinct G)

. John Whitton (Precinct G)

Other monuments have been relocated within St Thomas' Rest Park.

23 North Sydney Council, Sl lromas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. 24 North Sydney Council, Sl Tñomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 25 North Sydney Council, St lhomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. 250 West Street, Crows Nest (Ð DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 2O14 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 78

3.4.3 Monument Fabric

Restoration of the Berry Monument

Being a two stage project, Stage I of this project involved cleaning, repointing and some replacement of stone in the monument. Work was completed in 2001.26

Stage 2 of the restoration work included epoxy injections and cement patching to capping stones and ashlar, replacement of existing patches, repointing of all capping stones, cement rendering of the brick foundations under the pyramid and stone replacement of two external corners. Stage 2 work was completed in 2002.27

Restoration of Headstones and Graves

This is an ongoing project aimed at preserving the heritage of North Sydney and ensuring the safety of park users. Headstones and monuments in the Rest Parkare subjectto both naturaldeterioration, subsidence and vandalism. ln 2003 consultant stonemasons carried out the following restoration work:

James Graham Goodenough Monument - repair of fallen marble paneland metal chain and pole fence

Grahame Michael Fox Monument - repair of concrete footing and re-erection to overcome subsidence

Captain William J Anderson headstone - reassembling and reinstallation of headstone ln 2004, extensive vandalism resulted in signifìcant damage to the headstones and monuments in Rest Park. Repair was carried out to the W. Chuter, William Dind, Francis Lord, John Witton, William Goudy, and lsaac and Mary Louisa Wilson monuments. ln 2004, pieces of the lnder family headstone were found by a descendant in one of the garden beds within the Rest Park. The stone was repaired and relocated to the original grave site on the lawn area amidst other freestanding stones in Precinct K.28

It is evident that patching in cement has occurred. This will need to be sympathetically removed and made good, as required.

The William 'Billy' Blue, Marion Marshall Moriarty and Ellis Bent monuments have also undergone restoration. The work entailed installation of a stand alone brass plaque repeating the fading inscription on each monument.

26 North Sydney Council, Sl Thomas'Resf Park Plan of Management,2009. 27 North Sydney Council, St It omas' Resl Park Plan of Management, 2009. 28 North Sydney Council, Sl I¡,omas' Resf Pa* Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 79

North Sydney Council engaged lnternational Conservation Services to prepare the Report on the Gondition and Recommendations for Treatment of Five Monuments in St Thomas' Rest Park, North Sydney. As part of the investigative works, the condition of the following monuments was undertaken.

The Berry / Wollstonecraft Monument

Robert Napier Monument

Own Stanley Monument

Badham Crosses Figure 3.69 Some burn marks on the timber floor within the museum. Thomas Jeffrey Monument

The Merion Moriarty Tomb at St Thomas' Rest Park, North Sydney has also been restored.

3.4.4 On-Going lmprovement Works

Since the preparation of the first St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of Managemenf in 1995, many of the identifìed restoration projects and tasks have been completed. Carrying out these projects has directly contributed to the improved condition of the Rest Park.2s

Other improvement works are scheduled for completion or commencement including the repair of the Sarah Maria Blackett headstone (broken in half) (2009-10).30

The chain and anchor design surrounding Commodore Goodenough's monument is originalalthough the configuration was Figure 3.70 altered and the site made significantly smaller in the 1980s during Parts of monuments that have been discovered conservation work. in the vegetat¡on and undergrowth in St Thomas' Park. These are relocated inside the museum for safe keeping. 3.4.5 Sexton's Cottage ln 1985 Council comprehensively restored the cottage and the exterior was repainted.3l

Following the vacation of the Sexton's Cottage by the long term tenant in 2002, and before a new lease was drawn up, Council carried out a number of improvement works to the residential component of the cottage. These works included addressing damp issues, minor carpentry painting, installing new floor coverings, under floor repair and installing a security monitoring system.32 ln 2008, the interior of the Sexton's Cottage was repainted, and damage caused by damp on the wall adjoining the residence was patched.33 Damp proof coursing was installed in 2012.

29 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas'Resf Patk Plan of Management, 2009. 30 North Sydney Council, Sf Ïhonras'Resf Park Plan of Managemen\ 2009. 3l North Sydney Council, Sf Ïhomas'Resf Pa fu Plan of Management,2OOg, 32 North Sydney Council, Sl lhomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2OOg. St Thomas' Rest Park 33 North Sydney Council, Sl Ihomas' Resf Pa fu Plan of Management, 2009. 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFï Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 80

ln 2012 and 2013, polypropylene damp coursing was inserted internally into the walls. Damp affected plaster up to one metre in height was removed from the museum room. Gaps in the brickwork were filled and a lime based cement render was reapplied to the walls with a salt retardant 12 mm float fìnish. Set plaster was applied and deteriorating skirting boards were replaced with new skirting boards with the same profile.3a

3.4.5 Landscaping Figure 3.71 to The general grounds are well maintained within St Thomas' Rest Some evident rusting of the cast iron surround a monument in St Thomas' Cemetery. Park. Existing ground cover and seedlings are spreading.

3.4.6 West Street Fence and Gates

Conservation and restoration of the decorative cast iron West Street fence and gates was undertaken in stages due to its size and complexity. lnitial works included the stabilisation of the fence. Conservation work was carried out on the four sandstone pillars and the sandstone wall forming the base of the fence. The work was carried out by specialists SydneyArtefacts Conservation in 2002.35

3.4.7 Existing Signage and lnterpretation

The condition of the signage within St Thomas' Rest Park is Figure 3.72 generally in good condition. lt was noted during the site inspection Components of a fragmented monument found within St Thomas'Rest Park. that signage within close proximity to vegetation is being soiled, which can be cleaned off.

34 North Sydney Council, Bief for Conservation Management Plan,2013 35 North Sydney Council, Sf Ihomas'Resf Pa rk Plan of Management,2009 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Piy Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 81

Figure 3 73 A monument laying flat on its back behind a row of relocated monuments.

Figure 3 74 Monument to Thomas Fisher and his wife Thomasine Fisher and their son William Fisher.

Figure 3.75 The remnants of a monument laying within a landscaped area in the Rest Park.

{

Figure 3 76 Unsympathetic cement patching to a monument which needs to be sympathetically removed

St Thomas'Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 82

Assessment of Cultural Significance

4.1 lntroduction

Heritage, or "cultural" value is a term used to describe an item's value or importance to our current society and is defined as follows in The Australia ICOMOS Burra Charlef 1999, published by Australia ICOMOS (Article 1.0):

Cuttural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific or social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations.r

This section establishes the criteria which are used to understand significance and identifies the reasons for the cultural value of the site and its components.

Significance may be contained within, and demonstrated by, the fabric of an item; its setting and relationship with other items; historical records that allow us to understand it in terms of its contemporary context, and in the response that the item stimulates in those who value it.'The assessment of significance is not static. Significance may increase as more is learnt about the past and as items become rare, endangered or illustrate aspects that achieve a new recognition of importance.

Determining the cultural value is at the basis of all planning for places of historic value. A clear determination of significance permits informed decisions for future planning that will ensure that the expressions of significance are retained and conserved, enhanced or at least minimally impacted upon. A clear understanding of the nature and degree of significance will determine the parameters foç and flexibility of, any future development.

A historical analysis and understanding of the physical evidence provides the context for assessing the significance. These are presented in the preceding sections. An assessment of significance is made by applying standard evaluation criteria to the facts of the item's development and associations.

4.2 Comparative Analysis

The former Conversion of Cemeteries Act 1974was applicable to 1 9 cemeteries which have been converted to rest parks. The location of these former cemeteries range from urban to rural. Where available on the Australian Cemeteries lndex database and on the NSW Heritage Division website, descriptions of the rest parks are included below. A list of cemeteries that have been converted to parks, but no information could be sourced, is also included. 1 The Burra Chafter The Austral¡a ICOMOS Chafter for Places of Cullural Sign¡ficance, (1 ege), p.2. St Thomas' Rest Park 2 ¡e "social", or community, value 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 2014 @ Graham Brooks &Assoc¡ates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 83

4.2.1 Converted Cemeteries

Gonverted Cemeteríes with no lnformation Available

. Gladesville Mental Hospital Cemetery

. St. Andrew's Church of England Cemetery, Mayfield

. St. George's Church of England Cemetery Hurstville

. St Peter's Church of England Cemetery, Cook's River

. East Ballina Cemetery, Ballina

. Gosford Cemetery Gosford

. Liverpool Cemetery, Liverpool

. Old Balmain (Leichhardt)Cemetery, Balmain

. Old Wallsend Cemetery Wallsend

. Camperdown Cemetery Newtown

Methodist Church Cemetery 4 Bay Street, Rockdale

Rockdale Uniting Church and its cemetery stands on one acre of land donated by James Beehag early in 1858. The remaining headstones were moved in 1936 to form a "Remembrance Wall" along the southern boundary with the cemetery area now used as a carpark. Today the headstones are partly buried and overgrown obscuring some of the inscriptions while some are in poor condition and unreadable. Legible inscriptions date between 1865 and 1890.3

St. Andrew's Presbyterian Ghurch Cemetery 7 Grey Street, Woonona

The cemetery at StAndrew's Presbyterian Church appears to have been in use between 1873 and 1932, when the first and last known burials took place. Under a Cemetery Act of 1966, the cemetery was convefted to open space. ln accordance with the provisions of the Acf, the names of all those known to have been buried at the former cemetery were inscribed on a memorial and the headstones removed and disposed of. lt is not known how many, if any, of the actual remains or headstones were removed to other cemeteries.

Amongst those named on the memorial are eight men and boys killed in a disastrous Bulli Colliery explosion that occurred on 23 March 1887 and claimed 81 lives,a

3 Australian Cemeteries lndex, Rockdale Uniting Church Cemetery,2011 . 4 Australian Cemeter¡es lndex, Woonona Presbyter¡an Memorial Cemetery,2010. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 84

St. Anne's Ghurch of England, Church Street, Ryde

One of Sydney's earliest suburban churches, St Anne's Anglican Church at Ryde was established circa 1826. lts cemetery appears to have begun around the same time, the earliest legible inscription extant being dated the same year. The Cemetery records many notable citizens and pioneers, including Maria Ann Smith, who developed the Granny Smith apple. ln 1952, when the adjoining Victoria Road was widened, the remains of 27 persons and associated monuments were removed to the Field of Mars Cemetery at Quarry Road, Ryde.

Coonamble Cemetery Auburn Street, Coonamble

The original general cemetery in Coonamble was in operation from 1869 to 1912 when it was deemed to be full and closed to further burials. Around 1970, Council removed the headstones and converted the area to a park. ln her book, "Coonamble Memorial Wall Pioneer Profiles", local historian Joan McKenzie explains:

When the old cemetery at the end of Warrena Sfreef vvas cleared about thirty years ago, a number of headstones were retained and embedded on and around a large mound of eañh. ln 1993, a Federal Government grant enabled the Shire Councilto move those headstones to the cemetery in West Coonamble, which had been established circa 1902.

The site chosen by Council to display the headstones adjoined the historically significant Sexton's Hut, erected in 1912. The display was organised into three sections; a covered double sided memorial wall, a group of sandstone monuments and a group of marble monuments. The display was dedicated on 12 September 1993. A list of 611 names of persons registered at Coonamble during the period of operation, and known or presumed to have been buried at the old site, was inscribed and mounted on the side of the Sexton's Hut.

Around the same time, principally at the instigation of local funeral director Mr Max Philpott, a fund was established to convert the run down park into an arboretum as a memorial to the 600 pioneers buried in the early cemetery and whose headstones did not survive. A memorial was erected and trees planted on the site.s

5 Australian Cemeteries lndex, Coonamble Old Cemetery,2005. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (D October 20'14 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 85

Mudgee Cemetery Mudgee

The headstones displayed at this memorial site once stood over the graves of the pioneers of the Mudgee district including some of the earliest white settlers in this area. The display consists of memorial walls of headstones that were relocated from three early cemeteries in Mudgee when they were turned into parks in the late 1960s. The cemeteries included the Church of England (Anglican) Cemetery, the Roman Catholic Cemetery that was on the site of the present Memorial Park and thé Presbyterian/Methodist cemetery adjoining it. The Blackman Family memorial in the old Anglican cemetery was retained in what is now called Blackman Park.

Council stated

At the time of their conversion to rest parks, the cemeteries had not been used for more than 80 years, and therefore many headsfones were either missing, destroyed, or unsuitable for preseruation.

Many of the relbcated headstones are weathered and difficult to decipher. Several of the interpretive plaques erected by the Council were found to be incorrect and needed to be replaced.

Parramatta Methodist Gemetery Buller Street, Parramatta

Parramatta Methodist Cemetery was established as a Wesleyan Cemetery in the 1830s, with the earliest burial recorded in 1836. It remained in use up until the early 20th century with only a few burials occurring after World War l. The Parramatta Methodist Cemetery Act No 44, 1961 authorised its conversion to a public park and it is now known as the Walter Lawry Methodist Memorial Park and is in the care of Parramatta City Council.

The cemetery's conversion to a park resulted in the removal of most of the headstones. A small number were preserved and remounted on beams in a corner of the park. Some of the stones lying flat on the ground for many years resulted in moderate to severe damage from mowers and trimmers used in the park, which has reduced their legibility. As required by the Acf, all known burials have been listed and are displayed on panels on the site.6

Old Roman Catholic Cemetery Grown Street, Wollongong

Wollongong Old Catholic Cemetery was located at the south eastern end of Crown Street Wollongong until the 1970s when the site was converted to the "Andrew Lysaght Park". ln December 1998, the Foreshore Plaza was opened on what was a part of the old Cemetery. The earliest burials at the Cemetery were recorded in 1805 and the last burial was that of Ellen Lysaght in May 1914.

6 Australian Cemeteries lndex, Mudgee Memorial Park,2011 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ Oclober 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 86

The Wollongong Amendment Bill allowed for the land associated with the cemetery to be managed by the Wollongong Sports ground Trust. The land was to be used to build piers for a new grandstand at WIN Stadium and to expand a restaurant in the entertainment centre.

Resources at Kingswood Archives, in respect of the Old Roman Catholic Cemetery, Crown Street, Wollongong, includes details of burials from 1805 to 1914, in the Catholic Cemetery. Some headstones have survived but unfortunately many have been lost or simply did not exist.

A memorial wall was erected on the site which lists in brief the names and ages of those persons known to have been buried in the original cemetery. Ten surviving headstones have been mounted on the wall and the Lysaght monument has been re-erected in front of the wall.7

Bodangora General Cemetery Mine Road, Bodangora

Burials commenced in the Bodangora General Cemetery in the 1870s. Many pioneers of the Wellington district are interred at the Cemetery. lt was closed to burials when the site was re-gazetted as a public park in 1974. Since then the former cemetery has steadily deteriorated, many headstones have disappeared and others have been vandalised. ln a 1987 survey 32 headstones remained. ln 1997 there were 21 headstones and only 13 remained in November 2002.

The site is not maintained, is unfenced and grazed by stock and native fauna. An attempt to protect the few remaining grave markers from cattle has been made by surrounding them with wire and star posts.s

Pioneer Cemetery and Memorial Rest Park, 2 Nimbin Road, North Lismore

The North Lismore Pioneer Cemetery is located on a hillside at the rear of Memorial Rest Park. Headstones are arranged in rows. At the entrance to the park are two bronze memorials commemorating the names and recording interments for which no headstones were recovered. A memorial grove of trees is planted to west of the park. The slope below the headstones down to road is grassed. Headstones have been removed from their original locations and placed in a geometric layout as a memorial to pioneer settlers.s

7 Australian Cemeteries lndex, Wollongong Old Catholic Cemetery, n d. 8 Australian Cemeteries lndex, Bodangora General Cemetery,2002 9 State Heritage lnventory, Pioneer Cemetery and Memorial Resf Park, Heritage Division. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Sireet, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 87

Pioneer's Memorial Park, Macquarie Street, Liverpool

Originally St Lukes Cemetery, the old cemetery was converted into a rest park in 1970.10 Burials continued in the cemetery up until the 1950s. During conversion to a park provision was made forall headstones priorto 1850 to be left intact and the remainderto be removed with the names and details recorded on brass plaques and installed in a memorial building located in the centre of the park. A variety of headstones of prominent people interred after 1BS0 were also left in the cemetery. 11

A slate "memorial" wall was constructed in the north eastern corner of the park and many of the removed headstones were set into this wall. The wall also contains a plaque with name of the park. The park was completed and opened in 1974.12

4.2.2 Non - Gonverted Cemeteries

Eastern Suburbs Pioneer Memorial Rest Park, l2 Military Road, Matraville ln 1972 Botany Cemetery Trust was given permission to re-use Bunnerong Cemetery for current burials. At that time a part of the land, now known as Pioneer Memorial Park was set aside for the re-erection and display of the headstones that were still legible and salvageable or specimens of monumental art.13

The Pioneer Memorial Park contains memorials of early pioneers and prominent citizens of the colony of New South Wales. lt was created in 1976 wilh 746 surviving memorials. The memorials in Pioneer Memorial Park were relocated from two of Sydney's oldest cemeteries, Town Hall Cemetery and the Sydney Burial Ground, also known as Sandhills or Devonshire Street Ground Cemetery.14

4.2.3 Berry Monument

A brief desktop analysis was undertaken to ascertain whether the Berry monument is a rare example of its type. Research included the Heritage Offìce database and Trove. No other similar examples of pyramid style monuments were discovered. To confìrm the potential rarity of a monument, a further, more detailed comparative analysis will need to be undertaken.

10 Liverpool City Council, Pioneer's Memorial Park, n d. 11 Throp W Pioneer's Memor¡al Park, Liverpool, 1995. 12 Throp W, Pioneer's Memorial Park, Liverpool, 1995 13 Eastern Suburbs lvlemorial Park, Pioneer Memorial park, 200g. 14 Eastern Suburbs Memorial Patk, Pioneer Memorial park, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 88

4.3 Gomparative Assessment

The cemeteries modified under the Conversion of Cemeteries Act have been closed for a number of reasons. A common theme for the change of use of the cemeteries has been they have reached capacity and given surrounding urban development pressure, and changing demands and expectations of the community, a new use has been required. Mostly pioneer cemeteries, with no remaining direct family descendants associated with those interred, have had new uses implemented, including reclaimed land for open space, road widening, carparks and infrastructure and building extensions.

Monuments have generally been removed altogether or those retained relocated within the former cemetery area. Human remains have generally been left in place, unless the imposed use has had a high level of interference, such as the road widening of Victoria Road and its effect on StAnne's Church Cemetery at Ryde.

St Thomas' Rest Park contains some monuments still remaining in their original location, or that have been relocated back to their originallocation. Of the memorialcemeteries discussed above, the Pioneer's Memorial Park at Liverpool is the only other example where monuments have been retaíned in their original location. Monuments in other rest parks have generally been relocated, to create memorial walls for example. ln addition, St Thomas' Rest Park contains "historic precincts" where monuments and headstones have been relocated into groups. This does not appear to have occurred to such a large extent in the other rest parks.

None of the identifìed cemeteries contain a such a strong maritime or Naval theme of those interred at the St Thomas' Cemetery. The 121 victims of the Dunbar shipwreck at South Head in 1857 were buried at St Stephens Church, Newtown (Camperdown Cemetery) are only from the one ship, inclusive of passengers and crew.15 A search of the Australian Dictionary of Biography did not reveal any recorded maritime / Naval officers interred at the Camperdown Cemetery.

Therefore, from this brief desktop analysis, it appears the maritime / Naval influence at St Thomas' Rest Park is unique.

1 5 Migration Heritage Centre, 1 857 Dunbar Shipwreck Collection, 2010. St Thomas'Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 89

4.4 Existing Statement of Significance

The following Statement of Significance for St Thomas' Rest park is sourced from the NSW Heritage Division (formerly the Heritage Branch) State Heritage lnventory Database.

I m portant local cemetery and re pository of the re mai ns of many famous colonial identities, among which are several pioneers of the North Shore. Remaining graves and monuments, the gates and fence to l4lesf Sfreef and to Sexfon's cottage are important historic remnants of the original cemetery þow a Rest Park).16

4.5 Analysis of Cultural Significance

The revised Statement of Significance is prepared for St Thomas' Rest Park and its principal use as a passive recreational park, its monuments, Sexton's Cottage, the West Street fence and gates and significant vegetation.

The National Trust Cemetery Heritage Values, as identified in the "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation", are recommended to be used as a checklist in the preparation of statements of significance for cemeteries to ensure that all elements of a cemetery are considered when evaluating its heritage significance. The National Trust values include:

. HistoricalValues . SocialValues . Religious Values . Geologicallnformation . Artistic, creative and technical elements . Setting . Landscape design . Botanical elements . Ecological issues . Human remains

These values have been specifically developed for cemeteries.

The following commentary discusses how each of the criterion established by the New South Wates Heritage Office (now the Heritage Division of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage) relate to the subject site. The National Trust Values are considered in conjunction with the relevant criterion.

16 Heritage Division, Environment and Heritage, St Thomas Rest park, 1993. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 90

Criterion (a) - An item is impoñant in the co,!rse, or pattern, of NS}//s cultural or natural history þr the cultural or natural history of the local area)

St Thomas'Cemetery

St Thomas' Rest Park is of local historical significance because of its former use as St Thomas' Cemetery and as the first European burial ground established on the North Shore, being consecrated in 1845. lt continued to be used as a cemetery untilthe last burial in 1950 and was then converted to a Rest Park in the first half of the 1 970s.

The establishment of the former cemetery is of local significance as the eastern portion was donated byAlexander Berry in 1845 to establish a burial ground in which his wife Elizabeth could be laid to rest. She had specifically wished not to be buried in Sydney but near her favourite house, the "Crows Nest Cottage". Berry donated a second western portion of land for the expansion of the cemetery in 1867.

The grounds of the former cemetery are of significance as they were consecrated by Bishop Broughton. The former cemetery is of local significance because of its association with St Thomas'Anglican Church, despite its physical separation from the church. The St Thomas'Church Wardens initially administered the cemetery and later passed to the Anglican Diocese of Sydney.

The Sexton's Cottage, a Georgian masonry cottage built circa 1850, occupies the north eastern corner of the site. Originally consisting of one room, it was used for the "laying out' of bodies prior to burial. It is of local significance as one of the oldest buildings remaining on the North Shore and is the only building located within the former cemetery. John Jago, the builder responsible for the 1884 extensions to the cottage also erected the cast iron and sandstone West Street fence and gates.

Remaininq Monuments and Headstones

St Thomas' Rest Park is of local significance as it reflects the layering of time, with some headstones and important monuments remaining in their original locations. The remaining monuments allow for the interpretation as a former cemetery, particularly those monuments remaining in their original location. Other headstones have been relocated to new precincts or are scattered among trees or landscaping. Some have been retained as "rescued fragments". Some inscriptions on the monuments and headstones are of local significance as they yield information about those interred at the former cemetery.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 91

St Thomas' Rest Park

St Thomas' Rest Park is of local significance as the conversion of the former cemetery to a Rest Park during the 1970s is consistent with the broader pattern of usage seen throughout Sydney and regional New South Wales during the second half of the twentieth century. With growing pressure for increased green community spaces in densely developed areas, many early cemeteries that were either closed or disused were adapted for a range of purposes, including parks. St Thomas' Rest Park is a typical example of the way in which redundant cemetery spaces have been adapted for new uses under the St Thomas'Church of England, Norlh Sydney, Cemetery Act 1967 and other similar site specific Acts.

The museum collection, including the Burial List, Cemetery plan and associated records are of local significance as they have the potential to yield information about the former use as a cemetery.

St Thomas' Rest Park meets the threshold for heritage listing at a local level because of its historical significance.

Criterion (b) - An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance ,n ,Vst/y's cultural or natural history þr the cultural or natural history of the local area)

St Thomas' Cemeterv

The former St Thomas' Cemetery is of local significance for its strong historical associations with the benefactor of the former St Thomas' Cemetery, Alexander Berry, who initially donated ground for the cemetery initially for the burial of his wife and then later for the expansion of the cemetery.

St Thomas' Rest Park is of local significance as individuals interred in the former cemetery contributed to the development of the North Shore and/or played a role in the development of the wider Australian European history. Notable figures, many of whom were local residents, were buried at St Thomas' Cemetery and are of local significance included artists, major figures in public administration, politicians, academia, maritime / Naval officers, explorers, health, su rveyors, pastoral ists, mercha nts, amon gst others.

The maritime / Naval influence at St Thomas' Rest Park and the interment of significant individuals are potentially of State significance, such as Bernhardt Otto Holtermann, gold miner, merchant, sponsor of photography for the encouragement of immigration and member of parliament. The burial of Owen Stanley RN in 1850, appears to have initiated the use of the site as an unofficial naval I maritime cemetery.

St Thomas' Cemetery was a sought after resting place in the late nineteenth century because of the area's rapid growth and possibly the esteem with which it was held. St Thomas'Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFï Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 92

Remainino Monuments and Headstones

Of the approximate 450 monuments and headstones remaining in St Thomas' Rest Park, those remaining in their original locations including Berry; Owen Stanley RN; the joint Tombs of Judge Advocate Ellis Bent; explorer John Ovens; Bernard O Holtermann; Martens Gowlland; Lt. Co. George Barney; and John Whitton are of local associational significance to the individuals they relate to. The headstones and monuments may be able to reveal information about the relevant monumental masons.

The Masons responsible for the monuments and headstones within St Thomas' Rest Park are of social significance.

St Thomas' Rest Park meets the threshold for heritage listing at a local level because of its associational significance. lt may be of State significance because of its association with individuals who contributed to the development of the State.

Criterion (c) - An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area)

St Thomas'Cemetery

Remaining elements from the former use of St Thomas' Cemetery are significant at the local level including the Sexton's Cottage, the sandstone and cast iron West Street Fence and Gates and the remaining monuments and headstones.

As intended by Berry, St Thomas'Cemetery was characterised by larger plots located around the founding Berry monument on the eastern side and smaller plots dating from the late 19th Century on the western side.

Remaining Monuments and Headstones

The range of different types of monuments and headstones remaining within the St Thomas' Rest Park are of local aesthetic signifìcance including the Neoclassical Berry monument, upright slabs, horizontal slabs, crosses, sculptures, desk decoration, pillars.

The Neoclassical Berry monument in the St Thomas' Rest Park is of potential State significance because of its Victorian Egyptian design.

St Thomas' Rest Park

The St Thomas Rest Park is of local signiflcance for its extensively landscaped grounds. lt contains a layering of historical monuments and headstones located in the historic precincts, the Sexton's Cottage, commemorative tree and the West Street fence and gates dating from the Victorian era which contribute to the overall aesthetics of the place. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ Oclobe¡ 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 93

St Thomas' Rest Park meets the threshold for heritage listing at a local level for its aesthetic significance.

Criterion (d) - An item has súrong or special association with a pañicular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons

St Thomas' Cemeterv

The former St Thomas' Cemetery is of local significance because of its former association as the former St Thomas'Cemetery and its relationship with St Thomas' Church and its congregation.

Criterion (e) - An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of lVSt¡V's cultural or natural history þr the cultural or natural history of the local area)

St Thomas' Cemeterv

The former St Thomas' Cemetery is of local significance with its archaeological potentialwith the human remains associated with the graves. The remnant headstones and others thought to be buried within the landscaped mounds along the southern edge of the Park, potentially hold genealogical information that is not available from the original documentary records or later transcriptions held by Council.

St Thomas' Rest Park meets the threshold for heritage listing at a local level for its scientific significance.

Criterion (f) -An item possesses uncommon, rareorendangered aspecús of IVSW's cultural or natural history þr the cultural or natural history of the local area)

St Thomas' Cemeterv

The former St Thomas' Cemetery is of local significance as it was unusual in that it was located over one kilometre away from the St Thomas' Church it was associated with.

The unusual strong maritime / naval theme of those interred at the cemetery may potentially be of State signiflcance.

Remaining Monuments and Headstones

The Neoclassical Berry monument in the St Thomas' Rest Park is of significance because of its Victorian Egyptian design, being unique within St Thomas' Rest Park. Further research may confirm its potential State significance, should such monuments be rare.

St Thomas' Rest Park

St Thomas' Rest Park cannot be regarded as uncommon, rare or endangered given the number of other Rest Parks within the Sydney region and throughout NSW. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation l\4anagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 94

Criterion (g) - An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a c/ass of IVSW's cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural environments (or a class of the local area's cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural environments)

St Thomas' Rest Park

The conversion of the former St Thomas' Cemetery to a park in the first half of the 1970s is of local significance as it represents the changing needs and attitudes of the community during the 1960s in response to the increasing density and population and the resultant demand for open spaces. The works to conveft the former cemetery to a rest park and the relocation of most of the monuments and headstones was endorsed by the local North Shore Historical Socíety.

St Thomas' Rest Park meets the threshold for heritage listing at a local level because of its cultural significance as a Rest Park.

4.6 Revised Statement of Significance

St Thomas' Rest Park is of local historical significance for its historical role between 1 845 and the 1 870s as St Thomas' Cemetery, the first European burial ground established on the North Shore. Consecrated in 1845, the last burialoccurred in 1950. The land for the Cemetery was donated to the Anglican Parish of St Leonards in 1845 by Alexander Berry so his wife, Elizabeth, could be interred close to her favourite house "Crows Nest Cottage". She was the first to be buried at the cemetery in 1845 in the Neoclassical Berry monument. Elizabeth's brother, Edward Wollstonecraft, and Berry himself, were also interred at the monument.

St Thomas' Rest Park is of historical signiflcance as it reflects the layering of time, with some headstones and important monuments remaining in their original locations. There is a range of different types of monuments and headstones remaining within the St Thomas'Rest Park and links to the associated monumental masons.

Its conversion for use as a Rest Park is consistent with the pattern of development with regard to old and/or closed cemeteries throughout the Sydney area. lt is reflective of the changing needs and attitudes of the wider community during the 1960s and 1970s.

Remnant physical evidence associated with the former Cemetery includes the Sexton's Cottage, the West Street fence and gates and the monuments and headstones.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (D October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 95

St Thomas' Rest Park is of aesthetic significance with the Sexton's Cottage, one of the oldest buildings remaining on the North Shore, the sandstone and cast iron West Street fence and gates, the remaining monuments and headstones and extensively landscaped grounds, including the commemorative tree, which contribute to its overall character.

The former cemetery is of significance because of its unusual remote location from St Thomas'Church, North Sydney, with which it was formerly associated.

The Rest Park is potentially of State significance for its associational significance with notable figures in the nineteenth centuryAustralian society who contributed to the development of Australia and also for the strong Navel / maftime theme of those interred there.

The monuments and headstones remaining in their original locations are of associational significance including Berry; Owen Stanley RN; the joint Tombs of Judge Advocate Ellis Bent; explorer John Ovens; Bernard O Holtermann; Martens; Gowlland; Lt. Co. George Barney; and John Whitton.

The former St Thomas' Cemetery is of local significance from a scientific perspective as it has the potential to reveal further information about those interred there, from the Burial List and inscriptions on the headstones and monuments. The majority of interments in the former cemetery remaín undisturbed within the park despite the relocation or removal of their headstones. The remnant headstones and others thought to be buried within the landscaped mounds along the southern edge of the Park, potentially hold genealogical information that is not available from the original documentary records or later transcriptions held by Council.

St Thomas Rest Park is of local social significance because of its current use as a Rest Park.

4.7 Grading of Significance

St Thomas'Rest Park, West Street, Crows Nest, has been carefully assessed to determine a relative grading of significance into five levels. This process examines a number of factors, including:

Relative age Original design quality Degree of intactness and general condition Extent of subsequent alterations Association with important people or events Ability to demonstrate a rare quality, craft or construction process

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 96

Grading reflects the contribution the element makes to the overall significance of the item (or the degree to which the significance of the item would be diminished if the component were removed or altered).

EXCEPTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE lncludes rare or outstanding fabric that displays a high degree of intactness or can be interpreted relatively easily.

HIGH SIGNIFICANCE lncludes the original extant fabric and spaces of particular historic and aesthetic value. lncludes extant fabric from the early phases of construction.

MODERATE SIGNIFICANCE lncludes fabric and relationships which were originally of higher significance, but have been compromised by later, less significant modifications.

LITTLE SIGNIFICANCE lncludes most of the fabric associated with recent alterations and additions made to accommodate changing functional requirements. These are components generally of neutral impact on the site's significance.

INTRUSIVE Recent fabric, which adversely affects the significance of the site

Grading has been established as a valuable tool, to assist in developing appropriate conservation measures for the treatment of the building and its various elements. ln general, good conservation practice encourages the focussing on change, or upgrading of, an historical building/site to those areas or components, which make a lesser contribution to significance. The areas or components that make a greater or defining contribution to significance should generally be left intact or changed with the greatest care and respect.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (Ð October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 97

SITE ELEMENTS GRADING OF SIGNI FICANCE

There are no elements of St Thomas' Rest Park considered to EXCEPTIONAL be of exceptional significance.

The overall setting of St Thomas' Rest Park, including the HIGH Museum in Sexton's Cottage, the West Street fence and gates, the scattered monuments and the landscaping Precinct G (set within reused sandstone kerbing and covered in white gravel, this precinct contains some headstones in their original location, while others have been relocated here. This is also where the majority of the monuments associated with maritime / naval personal are located) Part Precinct I (including Sexton's Cottage and Museum) West Street fence and gates (adjacent to Precinct A) Berry Monument (within Precinct G) BenUOvens Monument (within Precinct K) Commemorative Tree (within Precinct K)

Precinct A (adjacent to the West Street fence and gates MODERATE and containing the row of relocated headstones) Precinct B (including a row of headstones, scattered arrangement of headstones and the Commemorative Tree) Precinct C (consisting of a precinct of relocated headstones arranged into tight formations, set within white gravel mulch contained within sandstone kerbing) Precinct D (including a precinct of relocated headstones arranged into tight rows, set within white gravel mulch contained within sandstone kerbing) Precinct E (contains relocated headstones scattered amongst established vegetation) Precinct H (contains relocated headstones scattered around the landscaping) Part Precinct I (caretaker's residence)

Precinct F (relocated headstones randomly scattered LITTLE amongst established vegetation, with a curving pedestrian path traversing the precinct) Part Precinct I (amenities) Precinct J (relocated headstones scattered throughout the landscaping) Precinct K (the largest of the precincts, this runs along the centre axis of the park from east to west, and approximately the western third of the park. lt primarily consists of open space with some scattered headstones and monuments remaining in their original location)

The rear encroachments of the properties on the northern INTRUSIVE side of Huntington Street into the Rest Park.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 98

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4.8 Gurtilage Analysis

4.8.1 Introduction

The New South Wales Heritage Offìce (now the Heritage Division of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage) publication Heritage Cuftilagesl? defines "heritage curtilage" as the area of land surrounding an item or area of heritage significance which is essential for retaining and interpreting its heritage significance. Heritage curtilage can be classified as one of four types:

Lot Boundary Curtilage: for places where the legal boundary of the allotment is defined as the heritage curtilage. The allotment should, in general, contain all significant related features, for example outbuildings and gardens within its boundaries.

Reduced Heritage Curtilage: for places where an area less than the total allotment is defined as the heritage curtilage. Applicable where not all parts of a property contain places associated with its significance.

Expanded Heritage Curtilage: for places where the heritage curtilage is larger than the allotment. Particularly relevant where views to and/or from a place are of significant.

Composite Heritage Curtilage: for larger areas that include a number of separate related places, such as heritage conservation areas based on a block, precinct or whole village.

4.8.2 Curtilage for Local Significance

The Heritage Map - Sheet HER_001 in the Noñh Sydney LEP 2013 idenlifies the curtilage for St Thomas' Rest Park as a lot boundary curtilage. This curtilage has been reduced from the original configuration of the St Thomas' Rest Cemetery as part of the construction of the Warringah Expressway. This is visible when comparing the current lot boundary, used to identify the lot boundary curtilage, when compared to the original lot configuration (as visible in Figure 2.20).

Given the much altered state of the former St Thomas' Cemetery resulting from the conversion to a park, it is considered that a lot boundary curtilage is appropriate for the heritage item as it encapsulates the remaining components of heritage significance within the former cemetery. These include persons interred there who were of significance, remaining associated monuments and headstones, Sexton's Cottage, including the former "laying out" room, the West Street cast iron fence and gates and the commemorative tree.

17 Warwick Mayne-Wilson, Her¡tage Cudílages, NSW Heritage Offìce and the Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, NSW, 1996 St Thomas'Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ Oclobe¡ 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 100

Fi$)re 42 Aerial photograph with the lot boundary curtilage of St Thomas' Rest Park outl¡ned in red

Source: NSW LPI 2008

4.8,3 Curtilage for State Heritage Register Nomination

As discussed in the analysis of cultural significance, further research may reveal the potential State significance of the Neoclassical Berry monument, in terms of its rarity, and the potential significance of individuals who have contributed to the development of the State. Their potential State significance will be supported where monuments and headstones remain in their original location.

Monuments and headstones that warrant further research into their potential State significance are identified in the figure below. These include the monuments and headstones associated with Berry; Owen Stanley RN; the joint Tombs of Judge Advocate Ellis Bent; explorer John Ovens; Bernard O Holtermann; Martens Gowlland; Lt. Co. George Barney; and John Whitton. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan (D October 20'14 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd a u'Tt 9 00 8 z f=õ 6 96è; -Uro ¡ oo) - l. llII l.Þ Nq- tl tstl¡l' ) FFÈFli!l.l¡ÞÞ þÞ ¡ft tþl'1.1. F FþÞ¡t tlr ts ÞÞ eõ F þl¡ ttstl.ìFl'þFl- @õ I FIF'iF Ø l¡ l¡¡ 0) f o- a d .l d o ]E .a Ø o I T H 5' .r { ATTACHMENT o .¡ I D <: o- c I I - F O ! d I ¡ J I 0) I rt 3 ¡ I - o t I i q ¡ o G E n

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4.9 Archaeological Potential

The historical use of the Rest Park was as the former St Thomas' Cemetery where over 4,000 persons are recorded as having been interred.

St Thomas' Rest Park was identified in the North Sydney Heritage Study Review as a Rest Park, "Unit 1 - Known Archaeological Site". This means there has not been any known activity on site which may have removed or destroyed archaeological features.ls

ln addition to human remains, there may be the possibility of remnants of other structures on site including the substantial structure which was located at the north eastern corner of the former cemetery. This structure is visible in the aerial taken between 1962 to 1968 (also visible in the 1943 aerial). There is also the possibility of monuments that may have been buried as part of the landscaping works, or remnants of monuments and headstones (Figure 2.20).

Although Archaeological Assessment is outside the scope of this Report, the Archaeological Management Provisions of the NSW Heritage Act 1977 apply to any relics which are essentially located below ground level. Additionally, if it is intended to disturb this archaeological site, works will need to be carried out in accordance with the Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013, the NSW Health Guidelinesforthe Funerallndustry and Clause 5.10 of Ihe Sydney LEP 2013. These requirements are discussed in more detail below.

1 8 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 103

Constraints and Opportunities

5.1 lntroduction

This section outlines various major issues'involved in the preparation of the conservation guídelines for the site. lt takes into consideration matters arising from the statement of significance and procedural constraints imposed by cultural conservation methodology such as that of theAustralia ICOMOS Burra Chafter. lt identifies all statutory and non-statutory listings that apply for the site and describes constraints and opportunities arising from these listings.

St Thomas Cemetery was closed and converted to a Rest Park in the first half of the 1970s. Since then the use has matured into a public passive recreation area.

5.2 lssues Arising from the Statement of Significance

5.2.1 Acknowledgement

Considering the Statement of Significance, the following issues need to be addressed in the conservation guidelines:

The acknowledgement, and protection, of the heritage significance of the former cemetery as part of its ongoing use as a Rest Park.

The different components that contribute to the overall significance of the Rest Park including Sexton's Cottage, the West Street gates and fence, the historic precincts, including the monuments and headstones, the remaining integrity of the former cemetery and the landscaping, including the commemorative tree.

The Statement of Significance should be accepted as one of the bases for the future use and management of the site.

All original and significant components of the site, as identifled in Section 4.5 Grading of Significance, should be retained and conserved in accordance with the principles o1 The Buna Chafter.

St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan October 2014 @ Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 104

5.2.2 Assessment of Significance of Individual Monuments

North Sydney Council will need to carry out assessments of individual surviving and accessible monuments and headstones to determine their individual heritage significance. This assessment should be carried out in accordance with the National Trust Heritage Values of a Cemetery as defined in the "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation". The survey should be undertaken for both standing headstones and those lying about in the garden areas, where they are still legible.

The National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation" identify the Heritage Values of a Cemetery for the assessment of significance of cemeteries. These include:

Historical Values SocialValues Religious Values Geological lnformation Artistic, creative and technical elements Setting Landscape design Botanical elements Ecological issues Human remains

The description of monument types are to be classified under the National Trust classes of monument shape, of which are identified in the following classifications:

A: Upright slabs/stelae B: Crosses C: Pillars D: Sculptures E: Horizontal plinths F: Miscellaneous

The identification of the heritage significance of individual monuments within the former cemetery will assist in the formation of priorities for ongoing restoration and maintenance and future applications for funding concerning individual monuments. The assessment of significance of individual monuments may also assist in the nomination of St Tomas' Rest Park for listing on the State Heritage Register.

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5.2.3 Gonsideration for Nomination of Listing on the State Heritage Register

St Thomas' Rest Park is not listed on the State Heritage Register (SHR). Although the former St Thomas' Cemetery has been dramatically altered in the course of landscaping and converting to a Rest Park, North Sydney Council are considering nominating it for listing on the SHR on the basis of the significance of the Berry monument and the assembly of other significant graves.l Many of these graves are maritime related, of which the desktop comparative analysis found to be a unique characteristic in respect of other Rest Parks in NSW. ln addition, it is noted there are a number of individuals interred at the cemetery who are potentially of State significance because of their achievements or contribution to the history and development of the state.

5.2.4 Potential Listing on the State Heritage Register and the Plan of Management

North Sydney Council will need to consider the potential management requirements for listing on the SHR. Listing on the SHR will require referral to the Heritage Council for assessment of future development applications for approval under Section 60 of the Heritage 4c11977.

The nomination for listing will also require consideration and preparation of possible exemptions that will need to be submitted to the Heritage Council for consideration as part of the nomination for listing process. The nomination for listing on the SHR should be made in accordance with the identified curtilage in Section 4.8 of this report, which identifies the curtilage for the potential items State significance within St Thomas' Rest Park.

Further detailed assessment of the significance of these monuments, headstones and individuals will need to be undertaken in conjunction with discussions with the Heritage Branch to determine the appropriate way fonvard.

1 North Sydney Council, Br¡effor ConseNation Management Plan,2013 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation lVlanagement Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 106

5.3 Heritage Management Framework

5.3.1 Current Heritage Listings

The following statutory and non-statutory lists have been reviewed in relation to the subject site. The implications of these listings, if any, is discussed below.

LIST INCLUDED World Heritage List NO Commonwealth Heritage List NO National Heritage List NO NSW State Heritage Register NO Public Health (Disposal of Bodies) Regulation 2002 YES Notth Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2013 YES National Trust YES Any other relevant lists, Art Deco Society, Engineering etc NO

5.3.2 NSW Heritage Act 1977

State Heritage Register

St Thomas' Rest Park is not listed on the State Heritage Register

Archaeological Management

Although Archaeological Assessment is outside the scope of this report it should be noted that the Archaeological Management Provisions of the NSW Heritage Act 1977 apply to any relics which are essentially located below ground level. lf, at any time, unexpected archaeological remains are uncovered or disturbed, work must stop immediately and the NSW Heritage Council must be notified.

Under the NSW Heritage Act 1977Ihe disturbance or excavation of land containing or likely to contain relics can only take place when an Excavation Permit has been granted by the Heritage Council. A "relic" is defined in the NSt4/Heritage Amendment Act 2009 as:

Any deposit, artefact, object or material evidence that: (a) relates to the settlement of the area that compn'ses New South Wales, not being Aboriginal settlement, and (b) is of State or local heritage significance

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All "relics" are protected under the Heritage Acf, regardless of whether or not the place is listed as a heritage item on a local, State or national level. For places listed on the State Heritage Register, an Excavation permit is obtained under Section 60 of the Heritage Act. For all other places, the disturbance of relics requires an Excavation Permit under Section 140 of the Heritage Act.

Additionally, if it is intended to disturb this archaeological site, works will need to be carried out in accordance with the Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013, the NSW Health Guidelines for the Funeral lndustry and Clause 5.1 0 of the Sydney LEP 201 3.

5.3.3 Public Health (Disposal of Bodies) Regulation 2002

Although not a heritage listing, consideration will need to be given to this regulation in terms of exhumation of human remains. Even though StThomas'Rest Park is no longera cemetery, North Sydney Council will need to be aware of lhe Public Health (Disposal of Bodies) Regulation 2002 and the accompanying Guidelines for the Funeral lndustry requirements, should it, or another party propose to exhume human remains.

5.3.4 LocalGovernmentHeritage Management

St Thomas' Rest Park is listed as a heritage item in Schedule 5 of the Norfh Sydney LEP 2013. lt is described as St Thomas' Rest Park (including Sexton's Cottage and cemetery fence).

Approval from North Sydney Council is required for development concerning heritage items or on an archaeological site which must be assessed under Part 4,79(c) of the NSt4/ Environmental Planning andAssessment Act 1979.

The relevant operative statutory regulations of the Norfh Sydney LEP 2013 ls c/ause 5.10: Heritage Conseruation.

The guidelines of Section 13: Heritage and Conservation of the Norfh Sydney Development Control Plan 2013 are also applicable to any future development of this site.

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5.4 Gommunity Agencies

5.4.1 NationalTrust of Australia (NSW)

The property has been classified by the NationalTrust of Australia (NSW)and is listed on the NationalTrust Register.

The Trust's register is intended to perform an advisory and educational role. The listing of a place in the Register, known as 'classification' has no legal force. However it is widel! recognised as an authoritative statement of the cultural significance of a place.

The opinions of the Trust however, are usually sought when major proposals are being formulated in heritage precincts or in relation to heritage buildings.

Guildeines for Cemetery Gonservation

More specifically, the NationalTrust have prepared the "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation". These guidelines have been referred to regarding the preparation of this CMP and in relation to the ongoing management and any associated development on the site, but in respect of its current use as a passive recreational park.

National Trust Gemeteries Gommittee

The National Trust has formed the National Trust Cemeteries Committee whose guidance is usually sought in the preparation of such documents as this CMP.

The National Trust Committee includes people with expertise in various fields, including archaeology, architecture, landscape design, history, genealogy, geology, town planning, monumental masonry and cemetery management. The work the committee carries out is voluntary. The committee meets regularly to consider specific issues and to assess the heritage significance of cemeteries.2

The National Trust Cemeteries Committee aims to:

Promote recognition, protection and conservation of cemeteries in New South Wales.

ldentify, document and assess the significance of cemeteries in New South Wales.

Recommend appropriate cemeteries for inclusion in the National Trust Register.

Provide expert technical advice and assistance on matters relating to cemetery conservation and management.

2 National Trust of Australia, National Trust Guidelines for Cemetery Conseruation,2009 St Thomas'Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 20 14 Graham Brooks &Associates PtY Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 109

5.4.2 Australia ICOMOS

Australia ICOMOS a professional body of conservation practitioners, represented by the Australian National Committee of the lnternational Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS).

Australia ICOMOS has developed and published a Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance, generally known as the Burra Charter. This document establishes principles and Figure 5.'1 methodologies for conservation primarily work in Australia, based Guided tour of St Thomas' Rest Park. on an understanding of the heritage values of a place and then appropriate responses to looking afterthe place in relation to various Source: NSW Government, Trade & lnvestment management issues and requirements. lts status is advisory, not Arts NSW, Sexton's Cottage, Museums and Galleries of NSW. statutory but it has become widely recognised as establishing the basic methodology for conservation work in Australia.

5.5 Other Relevant Statutory Requirements

5.5.1 Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013

Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013 idenlifies a process to follow if human remains are accidently disturbed. The Acf resulted in the repealing of the Conversion of Cemeteries Act 1974, which in turn Figure 5 2 St Thomas' Rest Park being used for group resulted in the repealing of the Sf lhomas Church of England, Notih exerc¡se activities. Sydney, Cemetery Act 1967.

Clause Z of this Act requires that St Thomas' Rest Park is to be maintained by Council as a rest park and garden area and they must not use the land or permit it to be used for any other purpose.

5.5.2 Disability Discrimination Act 1992

The provision of access must be taken into account when considering on-going and future use of Sexton's Cottage and the museum. Figure 5.3 The Commonwealth Disability Discrimination Act 1992 relates to St Thomas'Rest Park is used as an off-leash dog walking area. discrimination on the grounds of disability. Under Section 23 of this AcÍ it is unlawful to discriminate by refusing persons with a disability access to any premises or facilities the public is entitled to use.

Amendments to this act that came into force in August 2009 introduced the concept of an explicit duty to make reasonable adjustments. A reasonable adjustment is any adjustment that does not impose an unjustifìable hardship on the person who would have to provide the access.

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5.5.3 Building Code of Australia

Building regulations for New South Wales are specified in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) and administered by the Building Codes Board. The BCA contains standards relating to fire safety, egress, health and amenity provisions for buildings and requires that any future uses, alterations or additions to the building must comply with these standards. The application and integration of BCA standards into the building or place must however be undertaken in a manner that responds to the heritage signiflcance.

Advice on how to best achieve BCAcompliance for historic buildings Figure 5.4 can be sought from the Fire, Access and Services Advisory Panel of St Thomas' Rest Park is used for light exercise, including walking and relaxing the Heritage Branch of the Department of Planning.

5.6 Physical Gondition

St Thomas' Rest Park is in good condition due to restoration programs and ongoing maintenance work undertaken by North Sydney Council. Sexton's Cottage is in good condition as a result of recent restoration works. Headstones and monuments are generally in fair to good condition. However, some reguire maintenance works.

There are a number of maintenance issues associated with structures and monuments located within St Thomas' Rest Park. These include the Sexton's Cottage, West Street fence and gates and monuments and headstones scattered within the park. Figure 5.5 Ongoing issues associated with monuments and headstones St Thomas' Rest Park is used for light exercise include structures and components becoming loose, being damaged including walking. by vandals, and general aging resulting from weathering. Repairs to vandalised park elements such as headstones, monuments and signage are undertaken by Council and/or appropriately skilled contractors as quickly as possible. All maintenance of historic items is carried out in accordance with currently accepted conservation practices as described in the Burra Charter. Work and complex issues (including repair of vandalised monuments and the removal of graffiti) that may arise are to be carried out in accordance with the National Trust of Australia (NSW) document 'Cemetery Conservation Guidelines'.3

3 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservation Management Plan, 2013. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 111

5.7 Council Management of the Site

The identification of the needs of the owners and users of the St Thomas' Rest Park should be considered when formulating guidelines for the conservation, use and management of the park. The use of the area in a more effective way for an increasing populatíon as a Rest Park needs to be balanced with the historic use as a former cemetery.

As a former cemetery, the place no longer generates an income in its own right. Expenditure allocated for different projects need to be identified in the PoM.

North Sydney Council are considering nominating St Thomas' Rest Park for listing on the State Heritage Register on the basis of the significance of the Berry monument, the assembly of other significant graves the naval / maritime theme and individuals of State significance.

North Sydney Council need to maintain the current open landscape character of St Thomas' Rest Park and the duality of the former cemetery and current recreation facility.

St Thomas' Rest Park is currently used as a passive recreational park and also serves as a memorial to the former St Thomas' Cemetery. lt is important that the space continue to operate as an effective open space, while being respectful to the memorial characteristics within the park.

The Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013 requires that St Thomas' Rest Park is to be maintained by Council as a rest park and garden area. lt does not allow the use of the area for any other purpose and gives no right to the reopening as a Cemetery.

North Sydney Council has no intention or right to re-open the Rest Park as a cemetery under the Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013. However, it does consider the possibility of ancillary usage, such as plaques, restanding of monuments, anistylosis, etc.

5.7.1 Scattering of Cremation Ashes

Descendents of those interred at the former cemetery with a direct family association will still feel some connection to the place. As a consequence, there may be people who wish to have their ashes interred within the park, in association with their descendants. Should such a request be made, Council will need to consider how best to deal with this.

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5.7.2 Columbarium

A report on the feasibility of establishing a columbarium in the Park was reported to Council in 1984. The model presented was the small wall used for placing ashes at St Peter's Cremorne. The proposal did not proceed.a

Depending upon demand (requests from relatives of those interred at the former cemetery) Council may need to reconsider the construction of a columbarium at some future time.

The construction of a columbarium will allow the controlled placement of ashes and could potentially create a small income generating base within the park.

5.7.3 2009 StThomas'Rest Park Plan of Management

North Sydney Council have adopted the PoM for the Park which comments on both the landscaping and the maintenance of heritage items. Larger more significant structures such as the BenV Ovens monument, conserved in 2010, have been the subject of individual conservation plans prepared when repairs were deemed necessary.s

ln 2009, when last drafted, the PoM stipulated that a Conservation Management Plan for the heritage items in the Park was to be prepared by the end of 2013.6

5.7.4 Sexton's Gottage

A Conservation Management Plan (CMP) was drafted for Sexton's Cottage by John Rose and Anne Warren as part of their tertiary studies in 1981. Though not formally adopted, the CMP was drafted in consultation with John Kinstler, Council's architect, who was academic supervisor of the authors at the time. The CMP endorses the use of the cottage as a residence for a caretaker (the resident is a subsidised housing tenant) and with regard to the laying-out room as an information and display space.T

Should the residential use of Sexton's Cottage cease, consideration will need to be given to appropriate future uses of this space. lnitially, a review of the condition of the cottage should be undertaken and any required works undertaken while vacant.

Potential future uses to be considered by North Sydney Council may include, but not be limited to, the continued residential use of the residence, expansion of the Sexton's Cottage Museum, ancillary uses for St Thomas' Rest Park, such as storage of monuments, or parts thereof, or to be used in conjunction with other uses of the park.

4 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservation Management Plan,2013 5 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservation Management Plan, 2013 6 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservation Management Plan, 2013 7 North Sydney Council, Brief for Conservation Management Plan, 2013. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 113

5.7.5 PotentialUses

The principal use of the Rest Park is for passive recreation. lt has also a popular off leash dog area. With the historical monuments and headstones within the park, it is also a valuable historícal resource.

St Thomas Rest Park has been used for one off events, including "Spring inlo Jazz" and the "Dogs Christmas Party".

North Sydney Council may consider other passive uses within the park including, but not limited to, themed heritage tours and Cinema in the Park, such as Cinema in the Cemetery, as held at St John's Cemetery Ashfield.

rr I

Figure 5.6 Plan illustrating the areas where irregular uses and events can be held within St Thomas' Rest Park, w¡th minimal impact upon the heritage significance of the place, highlighted blue.

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5.7.6 Documentation ln order to make the historical information and resources of the former Cemetery more accessible for the public, North Sydney Council need to compile an electronic burial list.

There is a Burial Register available on the Australian Cemeteries Online Register for the St Thomas' Cemetery (refer to Appendix 2). This register was gathered and compiled by Cathy Dunn. lt could form the basis of a Burial List and combine the information from the St Thomas' Cemetery Register held at the Sexton's Cottage Museum. lt is by no means complete, as it only contains 1,828 persons.

5.7.7 Dogs Urinating on Monuments

Dogs are permitted within St Thomas' Rest Park, though with restrictions. They are not permitted within 10 metres of the playground.

There are perceived issues in respect of the park being used as an off-leash exercise area for dogs. There are occasionally diverging opinions and conflicts of interest that emerge. lt has, for instance, been reported that dogs frequently urinate on the stone monuments and headstones and concern has been expressed that this may be damaging the monuments.

The policies of this CMP identify how to clean uric acid off monuments and headstones.

5.8 Education

There are currently a number of programs and initiatives in place to interpret the historical aspects of the Rest Park providing interested members of the community with detailed educational and interpretive information within the park.8 The interpretive signage trail, self-guided tour brochures, static displays in the Sexton's Cottage museum and guided tours of the grave sites led by knowledgeable Council staff and volunteers all help the public to understand and appreciate the history of the site. These interpretive measures enrich the recreational experience of people using the Rest Park.e

8 North Sydney Council, Sf ïhomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. 9 North Sydney Council, St låomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009 St lhomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 115

The Sexton's Cottage Museum is currently open every Thursday from 1.00 pm to 4.00 pm, and at other times by arrangement. The Museum contains a copy of the Cemetery:s bur¡al register, a plot map indicating the original locations of all graves, storyboards which explain the history of the Church and the Cemetery and photographs of early North Sydney. The community museum has remained open as a genealogy resource centre since 1986.10 Copies of documents housed in the Museum may also be examined at Council's Heritage Centre, located in Stanton Library.11

During History Week and Heritage Week, guided tours of the monuments are organised, and at other times of the year, the Library's Historical Services staff, Council's Historian and volunteers are available to lead guided tours for school groups and other interested parties upon request. Two brochures, "A Walk through History at St. Thomas' Rest Park" and "Sailors, Soldiers and Civil Servants" provide detailed information for interested visitors. Brochures are available from the Museum and Stanton Library free of charge. A small book: "Life and Death on the North Side" tells the story of the Cemetery and its connection to St Thomas' Church. This book can be purchased from Stanton Library.1z

The interpretive History Trail comprising various signs provides 24 hour access to historical information in the Rest Park and forms the basis for interpretive walking tours. A small brochure entitled "St Thomas' Rest Park - Self-guided Walking Tour Notes" complements the interpretive History Trail; providing more detailed information about some of the well known people buried in the Rest Park. This free brochure is available from the Sexton's Cottage Museum, Stanton Library and from Council's Customer Service Centre.l3

The following documents have been specifically produced as educative tools and resources in relation to the St Thomas' Rest Park:

St Thomas' Rest Park History Trail

St Thomas' Rest Park Self - Guided Walking Tour Notes

Life & Death on the North Side: A History of St Thomas' Church & Cemetery, North Sydney

St Thomas' Cemetery Headstones lndex, Stanton Library. North Sydney Council website

l0 North Sydney Counc¡|, Brieffor Conservation Management Plan,2013. 11 North Sydney Councì|, Sf lhornâs'Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. 1 2 North Sydney Council, St lhomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. 'l 3 North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas' Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 116

Reference to the St Thomas' Rest Park is also made in the following documents:

Map of municipality of North Sydney Showing 100 Historical Places, including historical notes

North Sydney Council website - under Recreation Facilities - Parks Facilities

Sexton's Cottage Museum & St Thomas' Rest Park: Collections Australia Network website

Australian Gemeteries website: St Thomas' Cemetery (list of burials - not comprehensive)

Paw Club website (for dog owners)

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Conservation Policies

6.1 lntroduction

Conservation can be regarded as the management of change. lt seeks to safeguard that which is important in the built environment within a process of change and development. As such, it is one of the functions of this document to establish policies and recommendations for the conservation and on-going use of the building in a way that protects and enhances its heritage value. ln this way, the owners and managers of the building will be able to formulate proposals within a known framework of acceptable directions, and planning authoríties will be able to assess those proposals against the criteria.

6.2 Principal Gonservation Policy

Background The existing use of St Thomas' Rest Park as a passive recreational park is a compatible use forthe former cemetery. lt allows residents and visitors to visit and enjoy the place, while learning about its former use as a cemetery and the significance of the remaining monuments and headstones and the persons interred there. There is a sense of being within a former cemetery rather than a public park. This evokes a sense of a need to care and respect for the space.

Policy 6.2.1 St Thomas'Rest Park shall be maintained as a passive recreation park for the local community, while recognising and retaining the memorial component and historical resource of the site as the St Thomas'Rest Cemetery.

Policy 6.2.2 Conservation of St Thomas' Rest Park shall be in the form of on- going or new compatible uses for the park, uses that respect and utilise the current arrangement and landscaping within the park and with minimal changes to remaining fabric.

6.3 Application of the Burra Charter

Background The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (known as the Burra Chafter) is widely accepted in Australia as the underlying methodology by which all works to sites/buildings, which have been identified as having national, state and regional significance are undertaken.

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ln order to achieve a consistency in approach and understanding of the meaning of conservation by all those involved a standardised terminology for conservation processes and related actions shall be adopted. The terminology in the Burra Chañer is a suitable basis for this.

Policy6.3.l ConsistentConservationTerminology The following terms apply to the historic fabric of the site and are included here to assist in understanding of the intent of the conservation requirements in this section.

Place means site, area, land, landscape, building or other work, group of buildings or other works, and may include components, contents, spaces and views.

Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Places may have a range of values for different individuals or groups.

Fabric means all the physical material of the place including components, fixtures, contents, and objects.

Conseruation means all the processes of looking after a place so to retain its cultural signiflcance.

Maintenance means the continuous protective care of the fabric and setting of a place, and is to be distinguished from repair. Repair involves restoration or reconstruction.

Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.

Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material.

Reconstruction means returning the place to a known earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new material into the fabric.

Adaptation means modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

Use means the functions of a place, as well as the activities and practices that may occur at the place.

Compatible use means a use, which respects the cultural significance of a place. Such a use involves no, or minimal, impact on cultural significance.

Setting means the area around a place, which may include the visual catchment.

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Related place means a place that contributes to the cultural significance of another place. lnterpretation means all the ways of presenting the cultural significance of a place.

6.4 Conservation of the Setting

Background The landscape of St Thomas' Rest Park is relatively easy to maintain. Grassed areas are large and contiguous to minimise edge trimming. The ground surface surrounding the monuments and headstones grouped within the historic precincts consists of a white gravel mulch which inhibits weed growth. The grouping of existing graves and the placement of headstones within planting areas are other low maintenance features of the Rest Park.

Policy 6.4.1 Visual Significance Future changes to the monuments, headstones, landscaping and layout and the West Street fence and gates, shall respect the Rest Park's visual significance and remnant integrity and respond accordingly.

Policy 6.4.2 Landmark Features The landmark position of the Berry monument, BenUOvens monument, the Commemorative Tree and other monuments remaining in their original locations as a strong visual element shall be maintained.

Policy 6.4.3 St Thomas' Rest Park is characteristic of a park which also acts as a memorial to those interred at the former cemetery. New internal uses within the park shall respect the spatial quality and character wherever possible.

6.5 Public Use - Subject to PoM

Background St Thomas' Rest Park is used as a park by the local residents of Crows Nest and visitors, and as a memorial to those persons who were interred at the former St Thomas' Cemetery.

The park is also used as an off-leash dog area and for one- off uses, such as jazz in the park.

Police 6.5.1 Security

North Sydney Council shall ensure the security and passive surveillance of the park to discourage vandalism.

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Policy 6.5.2 Temporary one-off uses within the Rest Park are acceptable, providing they do not detract from the heritage significance and general passive recreational ambience of the place.

Policy 6.5.3 Restrict acceptable passive recreation, such as informal sports and games, to grassed areas that are sufficiently large enough and where monuments will not be disturbed.

Policy 6.5.4 Ball game activities shall be limited to the large open area near Matthew Lane.

Policy 6.5.5 Allow dog walking in the Rest Park in accordance with the Local Companion Animals Management Plan North Sydney Council.

Policy 6.5.6 Educate dog owners through local media campaigns to encourage more acceptable behaviour encouraging owners to have more control over their dogs and prevent them from urinating on monuments.

Policy 6.5.7 Continue the lease of the rear of Sexton's Cottage for the purpose of a caretaker to ensure the original passive surveillance of the Rest Park.

Policy 6.5.8 Provide required park furniture and other structures that complement the established landscape character of the Rest Park.

Policy 6.5.9 Document any changes made before and after. Keep a written record of changes made and the process followed.

6.6 Principles for Additional Future Uses

Background Given the increasing population of Crows Nest, it is likely the use of the park will increase for dog walking and passive recreation uses. The St Leonards / Crows Nest Planning Study identifies the acute need to deliver additional public open space, which is reflective of Council's Open Space Strategy. Land ownership, property values and properly speculation make acquiring additional public space extremely difflcult. Therefore, the usage of St Thomas' Rest Park needs to be maximised, though in a sensitive manner.

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Policy 6.6.1 lnvestigate annual events to hold within the St Thomas' Rest Park, such as the sculptures in the cemetery at Rookwood Cemetery. Such events will need to be subject to the requirements of the PoM.

Policy 6.6.2 During preparation of schemes for additional future uses for the park, care shall be taken to respect the scale and character of the monuments and general character of the park.

Policy 6.6.3 Large permanent structures will not be permitted within the St Thomas'Rest Park.

Policy 6.6.4 Low impact irregular uses and events are acceptable within the park providing the following guidelines are met:

(a) Locate the event within areas identified in Figure 5.6 to ensure minimal impact. (b) Protect monuments, headstones and precincts in the vicinity by erecting temporary barriers around them. (c) Temporary barriers should ensure monuments, headstones and precincts are out of reach and provide adequate buffers for protection. (d) Equipment associated with uses and events are not to be attached to the monuments, headstones and precincts or vegetation. They are to be independent of these. (e) Educatethe crowd thatthis is a Rest Parkand formercemetery where opportunity arises, including pamphlets, advertising, etc. (f) Events and the content of, need to be respectful to the former use as a cemetery.

6.7 Assessment of Significance of lndividual Monuments and Headstones

Background Assessment of individual monuments and headstones provides a framework for the prioritisation of schedules of conservation works and potential future funding for individual monuments.

Policy 6.7.1 North Sydney Council shall prepare and/or oversee the individual assessment of each monument and headstone within the St Thomas'Rest Park.

Policy 6.7.2 Assessment of individual monuments and headstones shall be carried out in accordance with the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation".

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Policy 6.7.3 lf the level of significance of individual monuments and headstones warrants, discuss the process for nomination on the State Heritage Register with the Heritage Office, Department of Environment and Heritage.

Policy 6.7.4 lf the level of signifìcance warrants, review the Plan of Management accordingly, as required.

Guidelines William Blacklidge's assessments for individual monuments can be referred to as a guide for assessment of monuments. Blacklidge's assessments rated the deterioration of the condition of monuments from 1 to 5. A similar grading could be used in the individual assessment of monuments and headstones.

6.8 Undiscovered headstones and monuments (or parts thereof)

Background Pafts of headstones and monuments are still being discovered within the Rest Park, particularly within landscaped areas. lt is highly likely other components will continue to be found.

Policy 6.8.1 Where known, discovered parts of headstones and monuments shall be reunited with their original headstone or monument.

Policy 6.8.2 Parts of headstones and monuments where the location of the main component is not known shall be stored in a safe, secure, place.

Policy 6.8.3 Repairs and anastylosis shall be carried out in accordance with the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation" and by a qualified stonemason.

Guidelines: Advice as to how anastylosis should occur can be sought from Sach Killan at Rockwood Cemetery or similar experts.

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6.9 New / Expanded Precincts - Relocation of headstones

Background With the rediscovery of headstones, it may be appropriate that these be re-stood in the St Thomas' Rest Park. lt is encouraged the headstone be re-stood in its original location, where locations are within established precincts and will not impact on the recreational use of the place as a park. lf demand warrants additional area for the re-standing of headstones, North Sydney Council may have to consider:

The expansion of existing heritage precincts Creation of new heritage precincts

Earlier attempts by organisations such as the Army and the Department of Railways to move various headstones to locations outside the Rest Park have been strongly resisted in order to preserve the historic character and the integrity of the Rest Park.l

The relocation of headstones should not occur where they are still in their original location, or have been relocated back to their original location. Relocation should only be considered where:

The overall heritage significance of the Rest Park will not be affected by their relocation. The relocation will benefit the overall use of the park, e.g. free up open space. The relocation of headstones which have been placed in inappropriate locations or are being used unsympathetically, e.g. the headstone placed on top of the water tank adjacent to Sexton's Cottage. Notiflcation is undertaken to any remaining descendants by North Sydney Council of the proposed relocation prior to works being undertaken. Careful consideration of where the headstones are to be relocated has been undertaken. Remains will not be disturbed. The recording of the existing location, verification of the original location and recording new location of the headstone is undertaken on the electronic burial list.

Policy 6.9.1 Monuments and headstones in original locations shall be retained in these locations.

Policy 6.9.2 Relocation should only be considered where it will result in the improvement of the area as a park, will improve the heritage significance and interpretation of the Rest Park as a former cemetery.

1 North Sydney Council, St lñomas'Resf Park Plan of Management, 2009 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 20 1 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 124

Policy 6.9.3 lntroduced headstones to established heritage precincts shall respect the existing layout and character.

Policy 6.9.4 New or expanded heritage precincts are to be located where they do not impact on the daily operation of the passive recreational use or the heritage significance of St Thomas' Rest Park.

Policy 6.9.5 Displaced headstones may be relocated to existing, expanded or new heritage precincts.

Policy 6.9.6 Record the existing location, verify original location and record new location of the headstone on an electronic burial list.

6.10 Re-standingheadstones

Background Some headstones are lying flat on the ground. This can result in accelerated deterioration, increased weathering and loss of text.

Some headstones have been stored inappropriately, such as the headstone on top of the water tank adjacent to Sexton's Cottage.

The re-standing of monuments is encouraged where:

The re-standing of the monument in its original location where this will not affect the passive recreational use as a park, or within a heritage precinct. Where monuments are laid flat leading to potentially accelerated deterioration. Its re-standing will not affect the passive recreational useage of the park.

The cleaning of monuments and headstones will need to be carried out in accordance with the guidelines in the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation". Guidelines for the cleaning of stone monuments are also available on the Heritage Division, Department of Environment and Heritage website.

An appropriate balance needs to be achieved where the cleaning of monuments does not affect the patina of age.

Policy 6.10.1 Relay headstones laying flat on a porous fìne gravel base. The base shall be gently angled to ensure that water drains away from the underside of the headstone.

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Policy 6.10.2 Relocate / re-stand headstones that have been stored inappropriately.

Policy 6.10.3 Verify and record the original location, the existing location, and the new location of the headstone on the burial list and burial list plan.

Policy 6.10.4 Gleaning of Monuments Prior to cleaning monuments, consideration is to be given to Appendix 5 of the National Trust Guidelines and the Maintenance Series Guidelines available on the Heritage Division, Deparlment of Environment and Heritage website.

Policy 6.10.5 Anastylosis is encouraged, where possible, to re-establish the overall shape of a monument or headstone.

Policy 6.1 0.6 Anastylosis Reassembly and anastylosis of monuments is encouraged where it is evident that pieces are from the same monument. Reassembly should only occur where:

It is evident the pieces are from the same monument. The repairs will not result in the further destruction or deterioration of the monument. The original location of the monument has been vedfTed, where pieces of the monument were discovered and the recording of the new location of the monument on the burial list occurs. The repairs are carried out by a qualified stone mason. The repairs are carried out in accordance with Part 3, Section 2.2.7: Repairing broken monuments of the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation".

Policy 6.10.7 Removal of inappropriate repairs

Some inappropriate repair works have been carried out on monuments. The removal of such works may be appropriate where:

The removal will not damage existing monuments. Record works that have been undertaken. Works are to be undertaken by a qualified stone mason. Repairs should be carried out in accordance with Part 3, Section 2.2.7: Repairing broken monuments of the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation".

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6.11 Gast lron Fencing

Background ln addition to the West Street cast iron fencing, perimeter cast iron fencing also surrounds some monuments and headstones.

Policy 6.ll.l Existing cast iron fencing is to be retained and conserved

Conservation of cast iron fencing is to be undertáken in accordance with the NSW Heritage Council Maintenance Series lnformation Sheef 3. 1: Metalwork.

Policy 6.11.2 Where cast iron fencing can not be conserved and needs to be replaced or is missing detailing, replacement shafts are to be constructed from the same material with the same moulded pattern.

Casts of the moulded pattern will need to be taken from the same fence to replicate the detailing.

6.12 Signage

Background: Over the years, the oríginal engravings on some monuments and headstones have become worn and weathered and are now virtually illegible. North Sydney Council operates a plaque program which involves the installation of standard plaques containing peftinent information on the more historically significant monuments and headstones which have become difficult to read. Relatives may also request the installation of relevant plaques at their own expense.

Living descendants may want to recognise connections with those interred in the former cemetery through plaques.

Policy 6.12.1 Interpretation of lnscriptions The interpretation of inscriptions is preferred as opposed to reinscribing existing faded and/or weathered inscriptions.

Policy 6.12.2 Replacement of lnscriptions Where it is proposed to replace existing inscriptions, consideration will need to be given to the relevant NationalTrust Guidelines.

Policy 6.12.3 Signage plaques within St Thomas' Rest Park shall be:

i. complementary to the monument or headstone to which it relates and will not be visually distracting ii. of a high standard of materials, construction and graphics iii. appropriately located separately from existing structures and of a compatible design and style with the appropriate lettering St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 127

Policy 6.12.4 Plaques will not be attached to existing monuments and headstones or associated structures. New plaques will be located independently to, in front of, or next to, existing monuments and headstones.

Policy 6.12.5 Plaques transcribing existing monuments shall give a full transcription to that on the headstone or monument, shall be headed "Transcription of Original" and include the wordíng at the end "Plaque attached (year)".

Policy 6.12.6 Additional plaques shall be located within family groupings, or in a specific area for the use of plaques. Alternatively, plaques could be placed in a columbarium.

Note: The PoM notes that brass plaques repeating the fading inscription on each monument will be installed beside the following monuments:

- James Milson

- William Waterhouse

- The Hatherly Family2

Guidelines: The placement of plaques on existing structures is likely to damage existing materials.

6.13 Gonservation Works - Sexton's Gottage Museum

Background A Conservation Management Plan (CMP) was drafted for Sexton's Cottage in 1981. The CMP includes a Statement of Conseruation Policy. Given its age, and that it was not adopted by North Sydney Council, a separate CMP should be prepared for the ongoing maintenance and use of the building.

The correct use of colour is a most important aspect in the restoration and interpretation of old buildings. The current form of Sexton's Cottage and the West Street fence and gates is thought to date from the mid to late nineteenth century.

Policy 6.13.1 The overall integrity of Sexton's Cottage and the Museum (laying out room) need to be retained and conserved.

2 North Sydney Council, St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of Management, 2009. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 128

Policy 6.13.2 While reconstruction or reinstatement shall return an element to a known earlier state regarding Sexton's Cottage, building practices or construction details which are known to be defective shall not be adopted. Reinstated or reconstructed fabric shall be 'date stamped' in discreet ways, to indicate the work is of this nature.

Policy 6.13.3 Roof Structure Where repairs to the building are required, the roof framing including roof trusses and timber shingles shall be retained where possible.

Policy 6.13.4 Roofing Material Roofing material may be replaced with similar profiled metal sheeting. The shingles underneath shall be retained.

Policy 6.13.5 External Building Fabric The existing external building fabric is generally in good condition and shall be maintained.

Policy 6.13.6 Flooring Original timber flooring of the building shall be retained in any future use or maintenance of the building.

Policy 6.13.7 Timber joinery Retain timber joinery including original windows and doors.

Policy 6.13.8 Building services Existing functional fire protection, emergency and electrical lighting shall be maintained as part of the regular maintenance program.

Policy 6.13.9 Air Gonditioning The provision of air conditioning units shall be situated so as to minimise the visual impact from within the park and from the street. lntrusion into fabric shall be minimised in the installation of any new air conditioning services.

Plant situated on the roof shall be designed to have a minimal impact on appreciation of the roof structure in terms of finish and configuration.

Policy 6.13.10 Future colour schemes for the Sexton's Cottage and the cast iron component of the West Street fence and gates shall be based on research of earlier schemes or be limited to those schemes commonly used on buildings of this period.

Policy 6.l3.ll The approach to the conservation of the historic building fabric shall be based on a respect for the existing significant fabric. Competent direction and supervision shall be maintained at all stages, and any maintenance work shall be implemented by professionals and/ or tradespeople with appropriate conservation experience and knowledge of traditional building skills. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 2014 Graham Brooks &Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 129

Where any significant fabric or spaces shall be disturbed, the advice of the Conservation Architect shall be sought and implemented.

Policy 6.13.12 North Sydney Council should undertake the preparation of a Conservation Management Plan for the ongoing use and maintenance of the Sexton's Cottage.

Guidelines The existing colour scheme may be retained or replaced with another appropriate colour scheme when required. lnvestigation of previous colour schemes should be undertaken to determíne those suitable for reinstatement.

6.14 Principles for Design of New Elements

Background There is opportunity to install paths around existing heritage precincts within the St Thomas' Rest Park. lf Council receives a request for the placement of ashes within the Park, it should reconsider whether the construction of a columbarium would be required and appropriate.

A memorial wall may be considered by Council whereby surviving remnants of incomplete headstones are fixed to a wall as an alternative solution to the proposed relocation and re-standing of monuments.

Seating provides a place for users and visitors to the Rest Park to stop, rest and reflect.

Policy 6.14.1 No new large permanent structures will be permitted within St Thomas'Rest Park.

Policy 6.14.2 The overall design, height and materials of new structures will need to be sympathetic to the aesthetics of the Rest Park, the heritage precincts, monuments and structures.

Policy 6.14.3 Any new structures required on site must be planned to maíntain the visual presence of the park.

Policy 6.14.4 New elements shall not attempt to replicate the original features. They shall be of a contemporary design and character but remain respectful of the power and mixed character of the old.

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Policy 6.14.5 Additional paving to create more formal paths adjacent to formal monuments within the Rest Park will be sympathetic to the existing landscaping and heritage significance of the Rest Park.

Policy 6.1 4.6 Columbarium Council should consider the construction of a columbarium if requests are made by the publicforthe placement of ashes within St Thomas' Rest Park. ln addition to identifying the correct protocols, Council will need to investigate potential sensitive locations within areas of lower significance and visibility within the park, sympathetic design and materials.

Policy 6.14.7 Memorial Wall Should North Sydney Council consider the implementation of a memorial wall, it will need to consider the following:

The wall will not affect the overall heritage significance of the Rest Park. A suitable location is to be determined that will not impact upon the parklike setting. The overall design, height and materials of the wall will need to be sympathetic to the aesthetics of the Rest Park, other precincts, monuments and structures. Appropriate interpretation will need to be provided in conjunction with the MemorialWall. lnstatement will need to be carried out in accordance with Part 3, Section 2.2.7: Repairing broken monuments of the National Trust "Guidelines for Cemetery Conservation".

Policy 6.14.8 Adequate, sympathetic seating will be provided within an appropriate distance from the historic precincts within the Rest Park.

Guidelines New paths may be laid in granite to complement existing paving at the West Street entry gates.

Stepping stones may be a used for paths amongst the precincts within vegetated areas.

lf using sandstone for landscaping or paths, use a similar colour to the existing sandstone.

There may be opportunity for ashes to be interred near paths and names / inscriptions could be etched into the stones.

Seating will not detract from the significance of the Rest Park.

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6.15 Lighting

Background St Thomas' Rest Park should be appropriately lit at night to meet the requirements of residents who use the park at night and facilitate passive surveillance.

Policy 6.15.1 Consideration of the location of new lighting will need to ensure it does not impact on the open spaces, the usability, the aesthetics and the heritage significance of the park.

New lighting shall be located in areas where there is already existing infrastructure, such as adjacent to existing paths.

Policy 6.15.2 Care will need to be taken with any required excavation works for new lighting as St Thomas' Rest Park is a sensitive archaeological environment, being a former cemetery. There will potentially be physical impacts.

6.16 Access

Background ïhe Commonwealth Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA) requires that reasonable adjustment be made to premises the public are entitled to use in order to be accessible to persons with a disability. The original siting and design of Sexton's Cottage may be a barrier which prevents full compliance with the provisions of the DDA.

Policy 6.16.1 Any changes to the site required to improve the public access shall also be made in accordance with the other policies in this CMP.

Policy 6.16.2 Provide a useful and safe circulation system for pedestrians in the Rest Park and to all heritage items within the park.

Policy 6.16.3 Provide safe and convenient access to the St Thomas' Rest Park and its amenities.

Policy 6.16.4 Prohibit and prevent general vehicular access to the Rest park aside from maintenance.

Policy 6.16.5 Ensure gates and other barriers to vehicle access allow for pedestrian access, including wheelchairs and people pushing prams.

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Guidelines The Fire, Access and Seruices Advisory Panel of the Heritage Division of the NSW Offìce of Environment and Heritage can provide formal advice on ways of achieving acceptable compliance with access requirements while retaining the heritage signifìcance of place.

lf strict adherence to the provisions of the DDA is likely to have an adverse heritage impact on signifìcant fabric this may be considered unjustifiable hardship under the terms of this Acf.

6.17 lnterpretation

Policy 6.17.1 All historical interpretation within the former St Thomas' Cemetery is to be compatible with the primary contemporary use of the space as a Rest Park.

Poficy 6.17.2 The plot map kept at the museum indicating the original location of all individuals interred in the former Cemetery should be made available on Council's website.

Policy 6.17.3 Opportunities to promote the Rest Park as a resource in the wider community to attract more users and tourists shall continue to be pursued.

Policy 6.17.4 Manage Sexton's Cottage as an educational resource by opening the museum on a regular basis.

Policy 6.17.5 Prepare themed tours of the St Thomas' Rest Cemetery.

Guidelines: Themed tours, potentially as a heritage festival, within the Rest Park could include:

- Significant persons interred at the cemetery - Lives of those interred at the cemetery - Monument tours for architectural and English students - Cemetery vegetation and ceremonial vegetation tailored for Environmental students Tours could also be aimed at school groups.

Opportunities to involve the community in future projects in the Rest Park should continue to be pursued, and initiatives by residents to become involved in the life of the Rest Park are encouraged.

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6.18 Record Management and Availability of Research Opportunities

Background: There is opportunity to build upon existing documentation to form a more comprehensive understanding of the century. This will acknowledge St Thomas' Rest Park as an important historic resource in the wider community, which in turn will provide an opportunity to promote the Rest Park as an asset.

Additional research could be carried out to identify the occupations of those interred in the cemetery. This information could be used as a tool by North Sydney Council further research and could be included as part of the education program associated with the cemetery.

Policy 6.18.1 An electronic burial list shall be prepared by North Sydney Council, based on the information available in the existing Burial List. This list shall be formatted, and expand, upon the electronic Burial List at Appendix 2 of this report.

The Burial List shall include identification numbers included in the St Thomas' Rest Park Plan.

Poficy 6.18.2 The compilation of an electronic burial list by North Sydney Council will need to be inclusive of the following information at a minimum:

Surname Christian Name/s Age Died (year and date) Burial plot number (confìrm location within the original plot map) The historic precinct the burial plot / monument is located in

Where any of the following information is known, this should also be included in the burial list:

Cause of death Spouse / children Parents / siblings Native country Brief summary of life / achíevements

Policy 6.18.3 lnvestigate research opportunities for stonemasons in respect of existing works within St Thomas' Rest Park.

Policy 6.18.4 Display images available on the Stanton Library Heritage Database; Su:iving Headstones in StThomas'Cemetety priorto its conversion into a rest park in 1974, on a rotating basis within the Museum at the Sexton's Cottage. St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Slreet, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan @ October 201 4 Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 134

Guidelines: The Australian Dictionary of Biography identifies the occupations of the people interred at the cemetery. Such information can be generally of interest to the public as it illustrates the professions of the people interred at the cemetery and the different types of occupations during the Victorian era.

Future research opportunities for stonemasons associated could include:

Studies of stonemasonry within the cemetery Associated events lnvestigate the masons records at the Mitchell Library

Research stories on the lives of individuals could include themes such as occupations, living conditions, child birth.

Opportunity to carry out a research project on the cause of death of the over 2,000 children interred at the cemetery to investigate causes including:

Plagues Scarlett Fever Accidents Still born

Research projects can be carried out by tertiary history students or volunteers.

Policy 6.18.5 Where and as funding becomes available, research programmes should be initiated to supplement the existing body of knowledge of those individuals buried on the site and provide a complete inventory of all burials.

6.19 Management of Archaeological Resources

Policy 6.19.1 Management of archaeological resources associated with the St Thomas' Rest Park must be undertaken in accordance with the recommendations and consent conditions of the Excavation Permit that is required under the provisions of the NSt4/ Heritage Act and lhe Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013.

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6.20 On-going Maintenance Regime

Background: The ongoing maintenance regime is to be undertaken in accordance with Section 3.7: Maintenance, of the 2009 St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of Management.

There are a number of maintenance issues associated with the monuments and headstones scattered throughout the Rest Park. Ongoing problems include headstones becoming loose, monuments and headstones being vandalised, and general disintegration due to age. Repairs to vandalised park elements such as headstones, monuments and signage are undertaken by Council and/or appropriately skilled contractors as speedily as possible.

When new owners take possession of any of the affected properties on the northern side of Huntington Street that encroach onto the Rest Park, Council requires that the back fences be moved to the correct boundary line. This ensures all encroachments onto the Rest Park will eventually be removed.

Policy 6.20.1 Council is to ensure all maintenance of historic items is carried out in accordance with currently accepted conservation practices as described in the Burra Charter.

Policy 6.20.2 Work is to be carried out in accordance with the National Trust of Australia (NSW) document "Cemetery Conservation Guidelines".

Policy 6.20.3 North Sydney Council is to include recommendations for on-going maintenance around historical buildings, monuments and structures in external contracts for grounds keepers.

Policy 6.20.4 To ensure the on-going conservation of significant building fabric, a regular maintenance schedule shall be implemented. Regular inspections shall be carried out and remedial action taken to minimise deterioration of building fabric due to the effects of weathering and use. ln addition to regular maintenance activities, prompt preventative action and repair shall be taken as necessary.

No maintenance or repair work shall negatively impact on the significance of the fabric.

Continue to carry out all repair work on the monuments, Sexton's Cottage and the West Street fence and gates in accordance with currently accepted heritage conservation practices.

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Policy 6.20.5 Establish regular monitoring program for gravestones at the Rest Park.

Policy 6.20.6 Maintain St Thomas' Rest Park to an appropriate standard to respond to the needs and expectations of users and the general community.

Policy 6.20.7 As new owners take possession of any of the affected properties on the northern side of Huntington Street encroaching onto the Rest Park, the back fences are to be removed to the correct boundary line to remove existing private encroachments onto the Rest Park.

Guidelines: Complex technical issues that may arise in the Rest Park (including repair of vandalised graves and the removal of graffiti) may be referred to the National Trust's Cemetery Committee for advice.

6.21 GeneralMaintenance

Policy 6.21.1 Straighten monuments and headstones, as required, without damaging the material.

Policy 6.21.2 Remove and make good unsympathetic repairs.

Poficy 6.21.3 Specialist technical assessment and recommended outcomes should be sought as identified for implementation in regards to the affect of dog uric acid on headstones and monuments.

Policy 6.21.4 Where dogs have been witnessed urinating on monuments, the uric acid can be cleaned off monuments and headstones using water. Do not over clean. Only use a soft bristle brush to dislodge dirt, if required.

Policy 6.21.5 Top up white crushed gravel around monuments within vegetated areas.

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Policy 6.21.6 Repair work to be undertaken by a monumental mason or other conservation practitioner with experience in the repair of aged and fragile monument fabric. Where required, a practitioner shall be engaged to:

re-tap loose lead letters Lime mortar fill open cracks and plinth slots Reinstall fallen steles into intact plinth sockets (complete structural leveling as required) Repair fractured monuments with hidden pins Raise and level sunken monuments Secure intact ironwork Undertake conservation pinning to secure areas of extensive delamination

6.22 Vegetation

Policy 6.22.1 Conserve and enhance existing cultural plantings, including the Commemorative Tree.

Policy 6.22.2 Conserve historical monuments and headstones with the removal of roots impinging on, or damaging them.

Policy 6.22.3 Maintain and clear away vegetation from monuments and headstones around trees and within established landscaped areas so they remain visible.

Policy 6.22.4 Manage and clear noxious weeds around monuments and headstones and self seeded trees in landscaped areas.

Poficy 6.22.5 To ensure the protection of the edge of monuments and headstones from general maintenance using ride on mowers and whipper snippers, the following can be undertaken:

(a) Pesticides can be used up to the edge of monuments and headstones to control weed growth and avoid the need for the use of ride on mowers and whipper snippers. (b) Plant low maintenance, and low ground cove¡ vegetation adjacent to the edge of monuments and headstones. (c) Sit on mowers and whipper snippers can be used adjacent to, but are not to come into contact with, the edge of monuments or headstones.

Policy 6.22.6 All new plantings are to be appropriate and enhance the designated character of the Rest Park.

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Guidelines Advice can be sought from Todd Stark, head hortículturist at Gore Hill Cemetery or similar specialists, regarding issues concerning vegetation.

Based on advice from the Cemetery expert from the National Trust, Agapanthus can be used to fill gaps. Remove Pittosporum, as required, as its root system will damage monuments in the future.

6.23 Review of the Gonservation Plan

Ihis CMP for St Thomas' Rest Park proposed a framework for the ongoing use and maintenance of the building. Circumstances however will change over the years as various recommendations are implemented and new user requirements emerge. Conservation Policies need to progressively respond to changing situations if they are to remain relevant.

Policy 6.23.1 Conservation Policies shall be reviewed every ten years or whenever a major upgrade of any part of the site, including monuments, Sexton's Cottage or the West Street fence and gates are being considered.

The review of the Conservation Management Plan shall be undertaken in conjunction with the review of the 2009 St Thomas' Rest Park Plan of Managementfor the St Thomas' Rest Park.

Reviews of the Conservation Policies shall be based on The Burra Charter and other guidelines provided by the Heritage Division of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage.

Reviews shall also take into account any other relevant legislation, planning framework, appropriate literature and widely recognised conservation practices and procedures. They shall be undertaken by experienced conservation practitioners, in conjunction with relevant ownership and management representatives.

Poficy 6.23.2 This CMP and future revisions should be referred to the National Trust Cemetery Committee for comment prior to referral to North Sydney Council for adoption.

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lmplementing the Plan

7.1 lntroduction

This Conseruation Management Plan has been prepared to provide guidelines for the on-going use and conservation of St Thomas' Rest Park and to ensure that the heritage value of the place is maintained and enhanced.

This section sets out the implementation guidelines for the policies, including a list of management issues and schedules for conservation and maintenance works.

7.2 ManagementPrinciples

The current owners are to:

Review and adopt this Conseruation Management PIan (CMP)

Refer any development proposals to North Sydney Council.

Ensure funding for recurrent long-term maintenance.

Ensure any development is in accordance with ihe National Trust: Guidelines for Cemetery Conseruation.

North Sydney Council is to further research the potential State significance of the Berry monument and the individuals of potential State significance, as identified in this report.

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Bibliography B T ARCHIVAL SOURCES 0

Department of Lands, Real Property Register

Stanton Library, North Sydney CouncilArchives

BOOKS AND REPORTS

Apperly R, lrving R, Reynolds P, A Pictorial Guide to ldentifying Australian Architecture Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present, NSW, Angus & Robertson ,2002

Ashton, Powell & Taylor Architects & Landscape Consultants, Planting Plan; St Thomas Park, North Sydney, 1972.

Department of Planning, Heritage Council of NSW, Cemeteries: Guidelines for Their Care and Conseruation, 1992

Hughes, J. (Ed.), Demolished Houses of Sydney, Sydney, Historic Houses Trust of NSW, 1999

ICOMOS Australia, The Burra Chañer: The Australia ICOMOS CharTer for the Conseruation of Places of Cultural Significance (Burra Chafte), Canberra, Australia ICOMOS, 2013

Kerr J, Conservation Plan,The Sixth Edition, NationalTrust, 2004

Mayne-WilsonW, Heritage Curtilages, NSW Heritage Office and the Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, NSW, 1996

Morgan C, Life & Death on the North Side: A History of St Thomas'Church & Cemetery, North Sydney, Stanton Library North Sydney Council, North Sydney, 1988

National Trust, Gurdelines for Cemetery Conseruation, National Trust of Australia (NSW), 2009.

New South Wales State Government, St. Thomas'Church Of England, Norlh Sydney, Cemetery Acf 1967, New South Wales Government

NSW Heritage Office and Department of lnfrastructure Planning and Natural Resources, NSW Heritage Manual, Sydney 2001

NSW Heritage Office, lnterpreting Heritage Places and ltems Guidelines, NSW Heritage Office, 2005

North Sydney Council, North Sydney Development Control Plan 2013, North Sydney, North Sydney Council, 2013

North Sydney Council, Norih Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2013, North Sydney, North Sydney Council, 2013

North Sydney Council, Map of municipality of Notth Sydney showing 100 Historical Places including Historical Nofes, 1996

North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas'Rest Park Plan of Management,2OO9 St Thomas' Rest Park 250 West Street, Crows Nest DRAFT Conservation Management Plan Oclober 2014 @ Graham Brooks & Associates Pty Ltd ATTACHMENT TO CLS08 - 15/12/14 Page 141

North Sydney Council, Sf lhomas'Rest Park self-guided walking tour notes, n.d

Pollon, F, Êd, The Book of Sydney Suburbs, Sydney, Cornstalk, 1996

Rose, J. - Warren,4., "The Sexton's Cottage", St Thomas' Rest Park, 250 West Street, North Sydney, Conservation Management Plan, 1981

Russell, E., The Opposite Shore. Notlh Sydney and its People, North Sydney: The North Shore Historical Soci- ety, 1990, p.48

Sydney Artefacts, Conseruation of Treatment of The Wrought lron Fence at St Thomas' Resf Park Crows Nest, 2002

Throp W, Pioneer's Memorial Park, Liverpool, 1995

JOURNAL AND NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

An Old Cemetery, Evening Newg 31 August 1911, p. 10

Camden News, 30 October 1947, p. 4

Sparks, C., Tomb, Hume and the first church of St Thomas , North Shore Historical Society Journal, Vol. 42 No. 3, December 2002, pp.4-9

St Thomas's Cemetery, Evening News, 30 November'1899, p. 7

St.Thomas' Cemetery, The Sydney Morning Herald,29 August 1912, p. 1O

St. Thomas' Cemetery, The Sydney Morning Herald,22April1929, p.7

St Thomas' Cemetery - Question of Responsibility, Ihe Sydney Morning Herald,25 April 1929, p. 10

St. Thomas'Cemetery The Sydney Morning Herald, S May 1930, p. 16.

St. Thomas's Churchyard, The Sydney Morning Herald,12May 1930, p. 17

St. Thomas's Cemetery The Sydney Morning Herald,31 March 1941, p. 5

Sydney Gazette, l2 December 1825, p. 3 and 15 December 1825, p. 3

$25 Million Expressway Opens, The Canberra Times,20 June 1968, p. 19

Vine-Hall, R., A Brief History of St. Thomas'Cemetery - North Sydney, North Shore HistoricalSociefy Journal, Vol. 8 No. 1, September 1967, pp.2-4

WEBSITES www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au, State Library of NSW, Manuscripts, Oral History & Pictures www.abd.anu.edu.au, Australian Dictionary of Biography, London, Cambridge University Press

www. austcem i ndex. com, Austral ian Cemeteries I ndex

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www.crowsnestnsw.com.au, crows Nest www.esmp.net.au, Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park, Pioneer Memorial Park, 2009 www.heritage.nsw.gov.au, State Heritage lnventory www.liverpool.nsw.gov.au, Pioneer's Memorial Park www.migrationheritage.nsw. gov.au, 1 857 Dunbar Shipwreck Collection www.mgnsw.org.au, Museums & Galleries of NSW, Sexton's Cottage www.nearmaps.com www. health. nsw. gov. au/envi ron menUfactsheets/Pages/cremation-ashes www.records.nsw.gov.au, NSW State Records

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Appendix 1 . Headstones Re-erected in December 1991

Name Date of Death Precinct Plot Number AUDSLEY Joseph Barber 17 November 1891 E 5764 AUDSLEY Elsie May 10 February 1908 E 5764 BERRYHILL, Liela Folger '16 June 1867 E 381 BOURNE, Charles February 1896 ? 2 (headstone found at Balls Head Reserve, returned to St. Thomas' Rest Park July 2000) CHAUNCY Sarah Elizabeth 6April 1926 E 059 COOK, Emma 3 March 1886 E 549 E 549 COOPER, Constance Muriel 17 September 1909 Rotary Wheel 720 COTTINGHAM, Elizabeth 21 September 1902 E 778 DAVIS, Charles 30 July 1906 E 5714 DIBBS, Mabel Gertrude St. J 9 March 1923 B 338 DIBBS, Sophia St. J n.d B ? DIBBS, Laura n.d B ? ENMARK, Peter Leonard Johnson 7 March 1903 E 870 FISHER, Thomas John 16 November 1875 Above water tank 1 near Museum FOLGER, Ann Louise 22August 1923 E 381 FRENCH, Mary 27 March 1895 E 216 GERRARD, George Ernest 6 February 1872 E 550 GERRARD, lda Myra 7 January 1886 E 550 GERRARD, Elizabeth May 2 June 1888 E 550

GERRARD, George Thomas 28August 1888 E 550 GIBBES, Ernest Minto 17 March 1850 E 009 GORDON, Charles Edward 2 July 1911 B 433 GORDON, lsabella Christina 18 August 1904 B 433 GREEN, Catherine May 27 March 1894 E 573 GREEN, Henry Thomas 14 March 1909 B 621 GUISE, Elizabeth 14 March 1928 Rotary Wheel 207 HAWTON, Edward 2l March 1910 Rotary Wheel 809 HOOPER, Jacob 17 March 1879 E 46 HOWES, Samuel 9 June 1895 Rotary Wheel 512 HUGHES, Mary Jane 2 December 1926 B 878 HUGHES, John TAugust 1931 B 878 INDER, Jacob 16 March 1878 E 219 INDER, Louisa 23 March 1894 E 219 JACOB, Arthur Montague 21 May 1889 ? ?

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JOHNSON, William James 4 November 1926 Rotary Wheel 882 LANDERS, Jonathon 8 July 1858 E 2 LANGLEY George 29August 1893 E 6874 MCLEOD, Hannah 26 October 1912 B 449 MCLEOD, Eleanor Fowler 17 November 1906 B 449 MCLEOD, Frederick 14 Julv 1929 B 449 MCLEOD, William Browne 23 November 1882 B ? MILLER, John George 27 March 1871 E 290 MILSON, Eustatia Mary 15 May 1925 Rotary Wheel 436 MILSON, Arthur James 7 Mav 1926 Rotary Wheel 436 MOLE, George T 8 July 1901 B 7724

MONTGOMERI George 1 3 December 1882 E 124 MYHILL, George Richardson 1 December 1880 E 389 OVEREND, Henry Herbert 29 July 1908 E 782 PERRY John 28 April 1900 B 7354 PRESSLEN, William 28 March 1886 E ? Rl CHARDS, Theresa Victoria 7 Mav 1899 B ? ROWLEY William 11 February 1897 B 680 SANSON, John Charles 23 June 1886 B 888 SCOTT, Walter Malcolm 3 May 1898 B 726 SKEWES, William 6 October 1900 B 733 SMITH, Sophia Susannah (daughter 29 October 1886 Rotary Wheel 582 of CLOSE) THIRKELL, Roseanna 22 March 1880 E 78 TIFFEN, Robert 3 December 1855 E 216 TIFFEN, William Robert 20 February 1856 E 216 WALDRON, Thomas Walter 15 January 1934 Rotary Wheel 338 WATERHOUSE, Norman 8 September 1898 E 750 WATERHOUSE, Adelaide 29April 1901 E 750 (sister of Norman)

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