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The Development of Place Attachment in Parks

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The Development of Place Attachment in Parks THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLACE ATTACHMENT IN PARKS Judi Inglis, Margaret Deery and Paul Whitelaw THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLACE ATTACHMENT IN PARKS Technical Reports The technical reports present data and its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government or other researchers. Unlike the STCRCs Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. We’d love to know what you think of our new research titles. If you have five minutes to spare, please click on the link below to complete our online survey. Sustainable Tourism CRC Tech Report Feedback National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry The development of place attachment in parks. Inglis, Judi. ISBNs: 9781920965440 (pbk and pdf) Place attachment. Urban parks—Management. Parks—Management. Environmental psychology. Other Authors/Contributors: Deery, Margaret. Whitelaw, Paul A. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. 333.783 Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2008 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Any enquiries should be directed to: General Manager, Communications and Industry Extension or Publishing Manager, [email protected] Acknowledgements The Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, established and supported under the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centres Program, funded this research. ii THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLACE ATTACHMENT IN PARKS CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________________ V Key Findings _________________________________________________________________________v Key Recommendations__________________________________________________________________v Managing a high use urban park_______________________________________________________ v Place attachment in urban parks _______________________________________________________ vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________________ 1 Objectives of the Study ________________________________________________________________ 1 Methodology ________________________________________________________________________ 1 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERATURE ______________________________________ 2 Limitations__________________________________________________________________________ 2 CHAPTER 3 PLACE ATTACHMENT AND SENSE OF PLACE ________________________________ 3 Terms______________________________________________________________________________ 3 Concept ____________________________________________________________________________ 5 Views ______________________________________________________________________________ 5 Approach ___________________________________________________________________________ 7 CHAPTER 4 PLACE DEPENDENCE & PLACE IDENTITY ___________________________________ 8 Introduction_________________________________________________________________________ 8 Predictors of place attachment ________________________________________________________ 8 Place Dependence ____________________________________________________________________ 8 Introduction ______________________________________________________________________ 8 Place dependent recreational users _____________________________________________________ 8 Opportunity to use the resource _____________________________________________________ 9 Activity involvement _____________________________________________________________ 9 Solitude, motivation and satisfaction _________________________________________________ 9 Support for the resource___________________________________________________________ 9 Interpretation ___________________________________________________________________ 9 Place dependent occupational users ___________________________________________________ 10 Levels of attachment ____________________________________________________________ 10 Conflict amongst users___________________________________________________________ 10 Influence on identity and environmental behaviour_____________________________________ 10 Summary of place dependence _______________________________________________________ 11 Place Identity_______________________________________________________________________ 11 Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 11 Emotional attachment ______________________________________________________________ 11 Environmental education _________________________________________________________ 11 Past experiences________________________________________________________________ 11 Community ___________________________________________________________________ 12 Displacement __________________________________________________________________ 12 Destination choice ______________________________________________________________ 13 Narrative _____________________________________________________________________ 13 Symbolic attachment ______________________________________________________________ 13 National parks as symbols ________________________________________________________ 14 Historic or cultural sites __________________________________________________________ 14 Cultures ______________________________________________________________________ 14 Spirituality ____________________________________________________________________ 15 Health________________________________________________________________________ 15 Summary of Place Identity_____________________________________________________________ 16 CHAPTER 5 PLACE ATTACHMENT & PARK MANAGEMENT _____________________________ 17 Conservation _______________________________________________________________________ 17 Stewardship ________________________________________________________________________ 18 Landscapes ________________________________________________________________________ 18 Activism & Involvement_______________________________________________________________ 18 Land Management___________________________________________________________________ 18 iii THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLACE ATTACHMENT IN PARKS Conclusion_________________________________________________________________________ 18 Place dependence _________________________________________________________________ 19 Place identity ____________________________________________________________________ 19 Testing the hypothesis _____________________________________________________________ 19 CHAPTER 6 PLACE ATTACHMENT & THE URBAN PARK_________________________________ 20 Introduction________________________________________________________________________ 20 Melton Shire Profile _________________________________________________________________ 20 Population and ancestry ____________________________________________________________ 21 Age ____________________________________________________________________________ 21 Family__________________________________________________________________________ 21 Employment and income ___________________________________________________________ 21 Conclusion_________________________________________________________________________ 21 CHAPTER 7 KEY FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS ____________________________________ 22 Introduction________________________________________________________________________ 22 Key Findings _______________________________________________________________________ 22 Creating place attachment___________________________________________________________ 22 Influences on place attachment_______________________________________________________ 23 Use of place attachment theory_______________________________________________________ 23 Developing community identity____________________________________________________ 23 Encouraging healthy communities__________________________________________________ 23 Engaging communities___________________________________________________________ 23 Encouraging and supporting community attachment and sense of ownership_________________ 23 Recommendations ___________________________________________________________________ 24 Managing a high use urban park______________________________________________________ 24 Staffing_______________________________________________________________________ 25 Funding and impacts ____________________________________________________________ 25 Visitor and asset management _____________________________________________________ 25 Marketing and distribution________________________________________________________ 26 Governance ___________________________________________________________________ 26 Place attachment in urban parks ______________________________________________________ 26 Children ______________________________________________________________________ 26 Influencing attachment___________________________________________________________ 26 Developing community identity____________________________________________________
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