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Issue 106, May 2006
37 th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference THE CONFERENCE IN REVIEW Attendance at the 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) set yet another record for this conference, with 1546 participants from 24 countries attending the meeting held at the South Shore Harbour Resort and Conference Center in League City, Texas, on March 13–17, 2006 (see inset for attendance statistics). Rearrangement of the confi guration of the meeting rooms, along with additional overfl ow seating, allowed conference organizers and staff to accommodate the marked increase in attendance, thereby being able to maintain the current meeting venue and hence the low registration fee, which enables the high number of student attendees. LPSC continues to be recognized among the international science community as the most important planetary conference in the world, and this year’s meeting substantiated the merit of that reputation. More than 1400 abstracts were submitted in consideration for presentation at the conference, and hundreds of planetary scientists and students attended both oral and poster sessions focusing on such diverse topics as the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and Venus; outer planets and satellites; meteorites; comets, asteroids, and other small bodies; Limpacts; interplanetary dust particles and presolar grains; origins of planetary systems; planetary formation and early evolution; and astrobiology. Sunday night’s registration and reception were again held at the Center for Advanced Space Studies, which houses the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Featured on Sunday night was an open house for the display of education and public outreach activities and programs. Highlights of the conference program, established by the program committee under the guidance of co-chairs Dr. -
Based Observations of Titan During the Huygens Mission Olivier Witasse,1 Jean-Pierre Lebreton,1 Michael K
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, E07S01, doi:10.1029/2005JE002640, 2006 Overview of the coordinated ground-based observations of Titan during the Huygens mission Olivier Witasse,1 Jean-Pierre Lebreton,1 Michael K. Bird,2 Robindro Dutta-Roy,2 William M. Folkner,3 Robert A. Preston,3 Sami W. Asmar,3 Leonid I. Gurvits,4 Sergei V. Pogrebenko,4 Ian M. Avruch,4 Robert M. Campbell,4 Hayley E. Bignall,4 Michael A. Garrett,4 Huib Jan van Langevelde,4 Stephen M. Parsley,4 Cormac Reynolds,4 Arpad Szomoru,4 John E. Reynolds,5 Chris J. Phillips,5 Robert J. Sault,5 Anastasios K. Tzioumis,5 Frank Ghigo,6 Glen Langston,6 Walter Brisken,7 Jonathan D. Romney,7 Ari Mujunen,8 Jouko Ritakari,8 Steven J. Tingay,9 Richard G. Dodson,10 C. G. M. van’t Klooster,11 Thierry Blancquaert,11 Athena Coustenis,12 Eric Gendron,12 Bruno Sicardy,12 Mathieu Hirtzig,12,13 David Luz,12,14 Alberto Negrao,12,14 Theodor Kostiuk,15 Timothy A. Livengood,16,15 Markus Hartung,17 Imke de Pater,18 Mate A´ da´mkovics,18 Ralph D. Lorenz,19 Henry Roe,20 Emily Schaller,20 Michael Brown,20 Antonin H. Bouchez,21 Chad A. Trujillo,22 Bonnie J. Buratti,3 Lise Caillault,23 Thierry Magin,23 Anne Bourdon,23 and Christophe Laux23 Received 17 November 2005; revised 29 March 2006; accepted 24 April 2006; published 27 July 2006. [1] Coordinated ground-based observations of Titan were performed around or during the Huygens atmospheric probe mission at Titan on 14 January 2005, connecting the momentary in situ observations by the probe with the synoptic coverage provided by continuing ground-based programs. -
Cosmic Vision and Other Missions for Space Science in Europe 2015-2035
Cosmic Vision and other missions for Space Science in Europe 2015-2035 Athena Coustenis LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon Chair of the Solar System and Exploration Working Group of ESA Member of the Space Sciences Advisory Committee of ESA Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025 The call The call for proposals for Cosmic Vision missions was issued in March 2007. This call was intended to find candidates for two medium-sized missions (M1, M2 class, launch around 2017) and one large mission (L1 class, launch around 2020). Fifty mission concept proposals were received in response to the first call. From these, five M-class and three L- class missions were selected by the SPC in October 2007 for assessment or feasibility studies. In July 2010, another call was issued, for a medium-size (M3) mission opportunity for a launch in 2022. Also about 50 proposals were received for M3 and 4 concepts were selected for further study. Folie Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025 The COSMIC VISION “Grand Themes” 1. What are the conditions for planetary formation and the emergence of life ? 2. How does the Solar System work? 3. What are the physical fundamental laws of the Universe? 4. How did the Universe originate and what is it made of? 4 COSMIC VISION (2015-2025) Step 1 Proposal selection for assessment phase in October 2007 . 3 M missions concepts: Euclid, PLATO, Solar Orbiter . 3 L mission concepts: X-ray astronomy, Jupiter system science, gravitational wave observatory . 1 MoO being considered: European participation to SPICA Selection of Solar Orbiter as M1 and Euclid JUICE as M2 in 2011. -
The Exploration of Titan with an Orbiter and a Lake Probe
Planetary and Space Science ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Planetary and Space Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pss The exploration of Titan with an orbiter and a lake probe Giuseppe Mitri a,n, Athena Coustenis b, Gilbert Fanchini c, Alex G. Hayes d, Luciano Iess e, Krishan Khurana f, Jean-Pierre Lebreton g, Rosaly M. Lopes h, Ralph D. Lorenz i, Rachele Meriggiola e, Maria Luisa Moriconi j, Roberto Orosei k, Christophe Sotin h, Ellen Stofan l, Gabriel Tobie a,m, Tetsuya Tokano n, Federico Tosi o a Université de Nantes, LPGNantes, UMR 6112, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France b Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC University Paris 06, University Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France c Smart Structures Solutions S.r.l., Rome, Italy d Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States e Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università La Sapienza, 00184 Rome, Italy f Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States g LPC2E-CNRS & LESIA-Obs., Paris, France h Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States i Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States j Istituto di Scienze dell‘Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy k Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA), Istituto Nazionale -
Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, USA 1 WELCOME
IPPW-6 Monday-Friday, June 23-27, 2008, Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Ga., U.S.A. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, USA 1 WELCOME Welcome to the 6th International Planetary Probe Workshop. For the next four and a half days, we will explore the technological challenges and scientific opportunities associated with entry, descent, landing and flight in planetary atmospheres. We are pleased to welcome such a large group of scientists, technologists, engineers, mission designers, students, and policy-makers, as together, we discuss and pursue planetary probe missions to solar system moons and planets with atmospheres. Today through Friday, we hope you will: Gain insight into the current outlook for planetary probe missions Examine mission concept studies and historical perspectives Catch up with ongoing and proposed technology development activities Review sample return missions challenges Learn of recent advances in planetary entry science payloads Focus on the engineering and science of current planetary entry missions Discuss and build collaborative partnerships with otherworkshop participants Spend time meeting many of the participating students who are interested in a future career in this area Please enjoy Atlanta while you are here. You will find a list of the city’s more popular attractions in addition to local restaurants near Technology Square in this program. Now, let’s get started! Best Regards, Bernard Bienstock Robert D. Braun Jet Propulsion Laboratory Georgia Institute of Technology IPPW6 International IPPW6 -
Exobiology in the Solar System & the Search for Life on Mars
SP-1231 SP-1231 October 1999 Exobiology in the Solar System & The Search for Life on Mars for The Search Exobiology in the Solar System & Exobiology in the Solar System & The Search for Life on Mars Report from the ESA Exobiology Team Study 1997-1998 Contact: ESA Publications Division c/o ESTEC, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands Tel. (31) 71 565 3400 - Fax (31) 71 565 5433 SP-1231 October 1999 EXOBIOLOGY IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE SEARCH FOR LIFE ON MARS Report from the ESA Exobiology Team Study 1997-1998 Cover Fossil coccoid bacteria, 1 µm in diameter, found in sediment 3.3-3.5 Gyr old from the Early Archean of South Africa. See pages 160-161. Background: a portion of the meandering canyons of the Nanedi Valles system viewed by Mars Global Surveyor. The valley is about 2.5 km wide; the scene covers 9.8 km by 27.9 km centred on 5.1°N/48.26°W. The valley floor at top right exhibits a 200 m-wide channel covered by dunes and debris. This channel suggests that the valley might have been carved by water flowing through the system over a long period, in a manner similar to rivers on Earth. (Malin Space Science Systems/NASA) SP-1231 ‘Exobiology in the Solar System and The Search for Life on Mars’, ISBN 92-9092-520-5 Scientific Coordinators: André Brack, Brian Fitton and François Raulin Edited by: Andrew Wilson ESA Publications Division Published by: ESA Publications Division ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Price: 70 Dutch Guilders/ EUR32 Copyright: © 1999 European Space Agency Contents Foreword 7 I An Exobiological View of the -
Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE)
JUICE : INSTRUMENTATION TO DO NOVEL SCIENCE Athena Coustenis for the JUICE SDT LESIA, Paris-Meudon Observatory, France Introduction Overarching questions JUICE JUICE Science Themes • Emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants • Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants JUICE concept • European-led mission to the Jovian system • Emerging from the EJSM-Laplace JGO scenario with two Europa flybys and high-inclination phase at Jupiter • JGO model payload was fully compatible with JUICE objectives and therefore kept • First orbiter of an icy moon Mission design JUICE Spacecraft Design Model instruments Mission phases Option 1 • Dry mass ~1900 kg, propellant mass ~2900 kg • Launcher - Ariane 5 ECA, high Δv : 2600 m/s • Model payload 104 kg, ~120 – 150 W Option 2 • 3-axis stabilized s/c • Power: solar array 60 – 70 m2, 640 – 700 W • HGA: >3 m, fixed to body, X & Ka- band • Data return >1.4 Gb per 8 h pass Option 3 (one ground station) Mission design JUICE Spacecraft Design Model instruments Mission phases JUICEImaging Model Payload Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) 10 kg Wide Angle Camera (WAC) 4.5 kg Spectroscopy Visible Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging 17 kg Spectrometer (VIRHIS) UV Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) 6.5 kg Sub-mm Wave Instrument (SWI) 9.7 kg In situ Fields and Particles Magnetometer (MAG) 1.8 kg Radio and Plasma Wave Instr. (RPWI) 11.2 kg Particle and Plasma Instrument - Ion 18.2 kg Neutral Mass Spectrometer (PPI-INMS) Sounders & Radio Science Laser Altimeter (LA) 11 kg Ice Penetrating Radar (IPR) 10 kg Radio Science Instrument (JRST+USO) -
The Origin and Evolution of Titan's Atmosphere
The origin and evolution! of Titan’s atmosphere Athena Coustenis Department of Space Research and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA) Paris-Meudon Observatory France [email protected] Saturn’s satellites Titan Through Time • Christianus Huygens discovers Titan, 1655 • Ground-based : " ! atmospheric limb darkening (Comas Solas, 1908) " ! CH4 detected (Kuiper, 1944) •! Voyager (1980) " ! mean distance from Saturn = 1,211,850 km (~ 3.1 x Earth-Moon distance) " ! orbital period= 15.94 days (Earth’s moon 27.3 days) " ! N2 detected as main component, CH4 second most abundant (Voyager, 1980) " ! mass = 1.35x 1023 kg (0.023 x Earth’s) " ! radius = 2575 km (0.98 Ganymede; 1.48 x Moon; 0.76 x Mars) " ! mean density = 1.88 g/cm3 (50% ice, 50% rock) " ! mean surface temperature = 93.5 K (-179.5 °C, -291 °F) " ! atmospheric pressure = 1.5 bars " ! atmospheric density = 4.4 x Earth’s atmosphere •! Ground-based and Earth-bound observatories (HST, ISO) – 1990s " ! Heterogeneous surface " ! Interesting atmospheric phenomena •! Cassini arrives at Saturn on 30 June 2004 •! Huygens lands on Titan 14 January 2005 " ! Ouaouh! Characteristic Ganymede Titan Enceladus Triton Pluto Rplanet 14.99 RJ 20.25 RS 3.95 RS 14.33 RN [39.53 AU] M [1022 kg] 14.82 13.5 0.011 2.14 1.31 Re [km] 2631 2575 252 1352 1150 ρ [kg/m3] 1936 1880 1608 2064 2030 g [m/s2] 1.43 1.35 0.12 0.78 0.4 TO [days] -- -- -- -- [248.5 yr] TS [days] 7.16 15.95 1.37 5.877 [6.38] i [deg] 0.18 0.33 0.02 157 17.14 0.005 e 0.001 0.029 0.000 0.25 A 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.52 ve [km/s] 2.75 2.64 0.235 ( < vT ! ) 1.50 1.1 Surface T [K] 110 94 114-157 38 40 P X 1.5 bar 16 µb 58 µb (var) H2O, N2 , CH4, Atmosphere O3, (H2O2-i) N2, CH4 N2, CH4 N2, CH4, (H2O-i) CO2, CO TITAN: WHY ARE WE INTERESTED? •!It is of general interest to the study of chemical evolution: –!N2, CH4 and other abundant organic gases (nitriles and hydrocarbons) are present in the atmosphere –!An orange-brown cloud deck globally covers the satellite, in which aerosol layers and, methane/ethane clouds are also present. -
The Planetary Report December Solstice 2011 Volume 31, Number 5
THE PLANETARY REPORT DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2011 VOLUME 31, NUMBER 5 www.planetary.org REMEMBERING THE YEAR IN PICTURES NEW (OLD) VENUS IMAGES C POLITICAL ACTION 2011 UPDATE C SHOEMAKER GRANT RECIPIENTS SNAPSHOTS FROM SPACE EMILY STEWART LAKDAWALLA blogs at planetary.org/blog. New images, old camera 1975 was a good-looking year for Venus VENERA 9 BECAME THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL satellite of Venus, and its lander was the first to photograph Venus’ surface, on October 20, 1975. One of its two cameras, a line-scanner that rotated in order to build a complete image, returned two views of a rock-strewn hillside. The scanner was angled from the spacecraft’s body, so this panorama shows the horizon at its edges and the Images: Russian Academy of Sciences/Don Mitchell Sciences/Don of Academy Russian Images: ground in front of the lander at its center. This view was reconstructed by Don Mitchell from data on tapes exchanged between the Soviet Union and Brown University. More recently, digital data have become available online, and Mitchell used those data to reconstruct a view of Venus (at right) captured by the Venera 9 orbiter on December 11, 1975. For more Venera photos, visit Mitchell’s website at MENTALLANDSCAPE.COM. —Emily Stewart Lakdawalla LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS IMAGE PLANETARY.ORG/SNAPSHOTS DIS COVER MORE ABOUT AMATEUR IMAGE PROCESSING PLANETARY.ORG/PROGRAMS/PROJECTS/AMATEUR SEE MORE EVERY DAY! PLANETARY.ORG/BLOG CONTACT US The Planetary Society 85 South Grand Avenue Pasadena, CA 91105-1602 General Calls: 626-793-5100 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: planetary.org 2 THE PLANETARY REPORT C DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2011 SNAPSHOTS FROM SPACE CONTENTS DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2011 The Year in Pictures Stunning photography of breakthroughs 6 in space science from the the past year. -
The Planetary Report, Page 10)
On the Cover: Volume XIX Not all ice is water. Not all water is on Earth. These are the first Table of Number 2 I. insights to come from studying th e various 'ices in our solar system. Comets, such as Hale-Bopp ~nset), are made primarily of Contents March/April1999 water ice, but frozen carbon dioxide often makes up a substantial part of a comet nu cleus . The Martian north polar cap (3~ back ground image, exaggerated vertically to show detail) is primarily frozen water, but the southern cap on Mars is mostly frozen carbon dioxide. The larg est of Jupiter's moo ns, Ganymede (full disk) , is Features bigger than the planet Mercury. Still, in composition, it is roughly half water ice, making it a truly giant snowball in space. 4 Grand Challenges for Space Exploration It's not often that a government official gets to layout a vision for the future that goes Hale-8opp image: Jerzy Giergielewicz Mars: MSSSlNASA beyond the next election cycle. But Wes Huntress, who recently stepped down as NASA's Ganymede: JPUNASA Associate Administrator for Space Science, did just that in a speech accepting the Carl Sagan Medal of the American Astronomical Society. Wes' text was far-ranging and detailed, and we had space in the printed magazine for only highlights of his talk. But the beauty of digital media is th at you can squeeze a lot of text into a little space. The full text is available Froln at the Planetary Society's World Wide Web site. S "Ices" Throughout the Solar Systenl: The A Tour of Condensable Species Editor Water is abundant throughout our solar system and probably in other solar systems as well. -
The Planetary Report June Solstice 2012 Volume 32, Number 2
THE PLANETARY REPORT JUNE SOLSTICE 2012 VOLUME 32, NUMBER 2 www.planetary.org DARK SKIES? LIGHT POLLUTION IS OBSCURING OUR VIEW OF THE STARS REMEMBERING RAY C ENTRY, DESCENT, AND LANDING C FISCAL YEAR 2011 ANNUAL REPORT SNAPSHOTS FROM SPACE EMILY STEWART LAKDAWALLA blogs at planetary.org/blog. Image: NASA/JPL/SSI/Gordan Ugarkovic Image: NASA/JPL/SSI/Gordan Saturn’s two largest moons Color cameras shine on board Cassini HAZE-SHROUDED TITAN SITS BEHIND ICY RHEA in a view captured by Cassini on November 19, 2009. Titan is almost exactly twice as far from Cassini as Rhea is, so Rhea’s size is exaggerated by a factor of two. Cassini takes “mutual event” photos featuring two or more moons in order to provide precise positional information for determining the moons’ orbits. Late in 2009, Cassini’s engineers switched from taking mutual event pictures in black and white to using the red, green, and blue filters necessary for composing color images. The result has been an explosion in the number of beautiful images like this one, of orange Titan (outlined in blue haze), yellow Saturn, and ocher rings paired with gray-brown moons. —Emily Stewart Lakdawalla CONTACT US LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS IMAGE PLANETARY.ORG/SNAPSHOTS The Planetary Society 85 South Grand Avenue Pasadena, CA 91105-1602 SEE MORE EVERY DAY! PLANETARY.ORG/BLOG General Calls: 626-793-5100 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: planetary.org 2 THE PLANETARY REPORT C JUNE SOLSTICE 2012 SNAPSHOTS FROM SPACE CONTENTS JUNE SOLSTICE 2012 In Memoriam 6 Louis Friedman reflects on the death of a longtime friend. -
Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons
Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons PREPUBLICATION DRAFT 15 JANUARY 2019 SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL EDITORIAL CHANGES. EMBARGOED UNTIL PUBLIC RELEASE AT 11:00 A.M. (EST) THURSDAY, 17 JANUARY 2019 Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample-Return Missions from Martian Moons A Consensus Study Report of And PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT—DO NOT QUOTE, CITE, OR DISSEMINATE 1 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This study is based on work supported by the Contract XXX between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and work supported by the Contract XXX between the European Science Foundation and the European Space Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-XXXXX-X International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-XXXXX-X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/XXXXX Library of Congress Control Number OR Cataloging-in-Publication: Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/XXXXX.