The Christian Faith Half a Century Ago John Finnis And

THE CHRISTIAN FAITH HALF A CENTURY AGO: JOHN FINNIS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE HORST KLAUS LÜCKE

THE CHRISTIAN FAITH HALF A CENTURY AGO

JOHN FINNIS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE

THE CHRISTIANHORST FAITH HALF KLAUS A CENTURY LÜCKE AGO: JOHN FINNIS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE

HORST KLAUS LÜCKE

7+(&+5,67,$1)$,7++$/)$&(1785<$*2-2+1),11,6 $1'7+(81,9(56,7<2)$'(/$,'(

+2567./$86/h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¶VJUHDWHFRQRPLFDQGPLOLWDU\SRZHUKRXVHV7HFKQLFDO SURJUHVV KDV EURXJKW PDVV DLU WUDYHO JOREDOLVDWLRQ DXWRPDWLRQ RI ZRUNSODFHV DQG PRVW LPSRUWDQWO\WKHLQWHUQHWZKLFKLVWUDQVIRUPLQJMXVWDERXWHYHU\DVSHFWRIOLIH7RGD\¶VJUHDW FRQFHUQV WKH SRSXODWLRQ H[SORVLRQ WKH ORVV RI ELRGLYHUVLW\ DQG FOLPDWH FKDQJH GLG QRW +RUVW/FNH7&%HLUQH6FKRRORI/DZ7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI4XHHQVODQG LQWUXGH LQWR SXEOLF FRQVFLRXVQHVV XQWLOWKHHQG RI WKH VZLWK 3DXO (KUOLFK¶V ERRN The Population Bomb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µGLVRUGHUHGIHHOLQJV¶ $OWKRXJK$QJOLFDQLVP ZDV WKH HVWDEOLVKHG UHOLJLRQ LQ HDUO\ 1HZ 6RXWK :DOHV WKH ([WUDFWVIURPDQDUWLFOHLQ The University of Queensland Law Journal ± DUHUHSURGXFHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKHHGLWRURIWKH-RXUQDO/HWWHUVFRQWDLQHGLQ SUDFWLFH RI WKH -HZLVK UHOLJLRQ ZDV WROHUDWHG -HZLVK FRQYLFWV KDG EHHQ WUDQVSRUWHG WR WKH$SSHQGLFHVDUHUHSURGXFHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKHDXWKRUV $XVWUDOLDZLWKWKHILUVWIOHHWDQG-HZLVKJURXSVEHJDQWRRUJDQLVHLQ6\GQH\GXULQJWKHILUVW IHZGHFDGHV7KHILUVWV\QDJRJXHZDVRSHQHGWKHUHLQ:KDWZDVFRQFHGHGWRWKH-HZV FRXOG KDUGO\ EH GHQLHG WR WKH DGKHUHQWV RI RWKHU &KULVWLDQ GHQRPLQDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ µ)URQWFRYHUSKRWRJUDSK0LWFKHOO%XLOGLQJ$GHODLGH &DWKROLFLVP ZKHQ ,ULVK PLJUDWLRQ EURXJKW PDQ\ &DWKROLFV WR WKHVH VKRUHV 7KH$XVWUDOLDQ 3XEOLVKHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH &RQVWLWXWLRQRIPDGHLWFOHDUWKDWWKH&RPPRQZHDOWK*RYHUQPHQWZDVWRNHHSRXWRI 7KHEDFNFRYHUSKRWRJUDSKVDUHSXEOLVKHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKH0DVWHURI6W0DUN¶V PDWWHUVUHOLJLRXV,QWKHPLGVZKHQJURZLQJSURVSHULW\LQ(XURSHFDXVHGWKHPLJUDWLRQ &ROOHJH$GHODLGH )LQQLV//' DQGRIWKH+RQ*OHQ:LOOLDPV$24& $GHODLGHGHEDWLQJ WHDP ¶ RISHRSOHIURPWKHUHWRGU\XSWKH)HGHUDO*RYHUQPHQWVXSSRUWHGLPPLJUDWLRQIURP7XUNH\ DQG DV D UHVXOW PDQ\ 7XUNLVK 0XVOLPV VHWWOHG KHUH ,Q 0DUFK WKH VRFDOOHG µ:KLWH $XVWUDOLD SROLF\¶ ZDV RIILFLDOO\ DEROLVKHG DQG QRQ(XURSHDQ VHWWOHUV DUULYHG LQ HYHU

LL LLL The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

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¶VJUHDWHFRQRPLFDQGPLOLWDU\SRZHUKRXVHV7HFKQLFDO SURJUHVV KDV EURXJKW PDVV DLU WUDYHO JOREDOLVDWLRQ DXWRPDWLRQ RI ZRUNSODFHV DQG PRVW LPSRUWDQWO\WKHLQWHUQHWZKLFKLVWUDQVIRUPLQJMXVWDERXWHYHU\DVSHFWRIOLIH7RGD\¶VJUHDW FRQFHUQV WKH SRSXODWLRQ H[SORVLRQ WKH ORVV RI ELRGLYHUVLW\ DQG FOLPDWH FKDQJH GLG QRW +RUVW/FNH7&%HLUQH6FKRRORI/DZ7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI4XHHQVODQG LQWUXGH LQWR SXEOLF FRQVFLRXVQHVV XQWLOWKHHQG RI WKH VZLWK 3DXO (KUOLFK¶V ERRN The Population Bomb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µGLVRUGHUHGIHHOLQJV¶ $OWKRXJK$QJOLFDQLVP ZDV WKH HVWDEOLVKHG UHOLJLRQ LQ HDUO\ 1HZ 6RXWK :DOHV WKH ([WUDFWVIURPDQDUWLFOHLQ The University of Queensland Law Journal ± DUHUHSURGXFHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKHHGLWRURIWKH-RXUQDO/HWWHUVFRQWDLQHGLQ SUDFWLFH RI WKH -HZLVK UHOLJLRQ ZDV WROHUDWHG -HZLVK FRQYLFWV KDG EHHQ WUDQVSRUWHG WR WKH$SSHQGLFHVDUHUHSURGXFHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKHDXWKRUV $XVWUDOLDZLWKWKHILUVWIOHHWDQG-HZLVKJURXSVEHJDQWRRUJDQLVHLQ6\GQH\GXULQJWKHILUVW IHZGHFDGHV7KHILUVWV\QDJRJXHZDVRSHQHGWKHUHLQ:KDWZDVFRQFHGHGWRWKH-HZV FRXOG KDUGO\ EH GHQLHG WR WKH DGKHUHQWV RI RWKHU &KULVWLDQ GHQRPLQDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ µ)URQWFRYHUSKRWRJUDSK0LWFKHOO%XLOGLQJ$GHODLGH &DWKROLFLVP ZKHQ ,ULVK PLJUDWLRQ EURXJKW PDQ\ &DWKROLFV WR WKHVH VKRUHV 7KH$XVWUDOLDQ 3XEOLVKHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH &RQVWLWXWLRQRIPDGHLWFOHDUWKDWWKH&RPPRQZHDOWK*RYHUQPHQWZDVWRNHHSRXWRI 7KHEDFNFRYHUSKRWRJUDSKVDUHSXEOLVKHGZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKH0DVWHURI6W0DUN¶V PDWWHUVUHOLJLRXV,QWKHPLGVZKHQJURZLQJSURVSHULW\LQ(XURSHFDXVHGWKHPLJUDWLRQ &ROOHJH$GHODLGH )LQQLV//' DQGRIWKH+RQ*OHQ:LOOLDPV$24& $GHODLGHGHEDWLQJ WHDP ¶ RISHRSOHIURPWKHUHWRGU\XSWKH)HGHUDO*RYHUQPHQWVXSSRUWHGLPPLJUDWLRQIURP7XUNH\ DQG DV D UHVXOW PDQ\ 7XUNLVK 0XVOLPV VHWWOHG KHUH ,Q 0DUFK WKH VRFDOOHG µ:KLWH $XVWUDOLD SROLF\¶ ZDV RIILFLDOO\ DEROLVKHG DQG QRQ(XURSHDQ VHWWOHUV DUULYHG LQ HYHU

LL LLL The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

LQFUHDVLQJ QXPEHUV $GKHUHQWV WR ,VODP +LQGXLVP %XGGKLVP &RQIXFLDQLVP 6KLQWRLVP WKDWWKHSLFWXUHSDLQWHGUHPDLQVUHDOLVWLFDQDQDO\VLVRIVWXGHQWLQWHUHVWLQWRSLFVRIWKHGD\ =RURDVWULDQLVP WKH %DKi t )DLWK DQG RWKHUV DUULYHG IRUPHG UHOLJLRXV DVVRFLDWLRQV DQG DQGSDUWLFXODUO\LQSROLWLFDODQGSKLORVRSKLFDOPDWWHUVKDVEHHQLQFOXGHG FRQWLQXHG WR SUDFWLFH WKHLU IDLWKV 2QH PXVW FRQFHGH WKDW VRPH RI WKHVH KDYH DWWUDFWLYH 0\VLQFHUHWKDQNVJRWRDOOWKRVHZKRKDYHDVVLVWHG PHZKLFKLQFOXGHVRIFRXUVH IHDWXUHVZKLFK&KULVWLDQLW\GRHVQRWTXLWHULYDO([DPSOHVDUH WKH%XGGKLVWV¶FRPSDVVLRQIRU WKRVHZKRVHFRUUHVSRQGHQFHZLWKPHLVFRQWDLQHGLQ3DUW,,,7KLVFRUUHVSRQGHQFHFRQWDLQV DOO VHQWLHQW EHLQJV WKH HPSKDVLV RQ IDPLO\ OR\DOW\ RI &RQIXFLDQLVP RU WKH %DKD LV¶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¶V FRPPHQWHGRQKLVIULHQGVKLSZLWK-RKQ)LQQLVDQGRQKLVRZQHDUO\UHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFHV VWXGHQWVOLNHWKH0LGGOH$JHV7KHQWKHOLYHVRIVRPDQ\VWXGHQWVLQ$XVWUDOLDQXQLYHUVLWLHV 7KHODWH -RKQ %DQQRQPDGH LQIRUPDWLYH FRPPHQWVDIWHU WKHOHFWXUH, JDYHLQ$GHODLGHRQ ZHUHJUHDWO\SUHRFFXSLHGZLWKLVVXHVUDLVHGE\WKH&KULVWLDQUHOLJLRQV$QHGLWRULDOLQOn Dit $SULODQGFRQWDFWHG:LOO %D\QHVRQP\EHKDOI%D\QHVKDV ZULWWHQIURP (QJODQG WKH VWXGHQW QHZVSDSHU VXPPHG XS WKH VWXGHQWV¶ YLHZ µ,W LV D VWUDQJH FRPPHQWDU\ RQ DERXW KLV OLQNV ZLWK )LQQLV DV FRHGLWRU RI On Dit LQ DQG DV D IHOORZUHVLGHQW DW 6W $XVWUDOLDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ VWXGHQWV WKDW UHOLJLRQ ZKLFK RQH PLJKW DOPRVW DVVXPH DV VHWWOHG 0DUN¶V &ROOHJH *HRIIUH\ /LQGHOO KDV SURYLGHG LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW KLV H[SHULHQFHV DV D VKRXOG EH PRUH SURGXFWLYH RI GLVFXVVLRQ WKDQ SROLWLFV ZKLFK RQH PLJKW VXSSRVH PRUH VWXGHQWRI0DXULFH)LQQLVKHKDVDOVRPDGHKHOSIXOVXJJHVWLRQVIRULPSURYHPHQWV FRQWURYHUVLDO¶ , DP DOVR JUDWHIXO IRU FRQWULEXWLRQV PDGH E\ SHUVRQ ZKRVH FRUUHVSRQGHQFH LV QRW $V VR RIWHQ LQ WKH VWXG\ RI KLVWRU\ JHQHUDO WUHQGV DUH SHUFHLYHG PRVW FOHDUO\ E\ UHSURGXFHGLQWKH$SSHQGLFHV/HH.HUVWHQZDVDVWXGHQWGXULQJWKHSHULRGDQGKDVSURYLGHG FRQFHQWUDWLRQRQVPDOOSDUWVRIWKHZKROH7KXVWKLVVWXG\LVFRQFHUQHGZLWKWKH&KULVWLDQ PXFKXVHIXOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHdramatis personaeRIWKHVWRU\,DOVRWKDQNPHPEHUVRI IDLWKDVLWDSSHDUHGLQWKHVLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH 0RUHVSHFLILFDOO\LWGHDOVZLWK WKH DXGLHQFH LQFOXGLQJ -RKQ )LQQLV¶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µ,ZRXOGEHJUDWHIXOLI\RXZRXOGVD\WKDWWKRXJK,KDYHUHDGHYHU\WKLQJDQGKDYH RIIHUHGVRPHFRUUHFWLRQVDQGDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQKHUHDQGWKHUH,KDYHQRWWULHG /HDGLQJIHDWXUHDUWLFOHRIWKH0DUFKLVVXHRIOn DitWKHVWXGHQWQHZVSDSHUSXEOLVKHGE\WKH WRDOLJQWKHZRUNDWDOOFRPSOHWHO\ZLWKP\RZQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRUPHPRU\RIVRPH 6WXGHQW5HSUHVHQWDWLYH&RXQFLO 65& ±VHH 0DUFK On Dit7KH%DUU6PLWK/LEUDU\ RIWKHPDLQHOHPHQWVLQWKHKLVWRU\RUWRDGMXVWLWVHVWLPDWHVDQGDVVHVVPHQWV¶ %6/ RIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGHKDVGLJLWLVHGOn Dit,WFDQEHDFFHVVHGWKURXJKWKH%6/ZHEVLWH VHH KWWSZZZDGHODLGHHGXDXOLEUDU\!6HHDOVR KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL2QB'LW! LY Y The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

LQFUHDVLQJ QXPEHUV $GKHUHQWV WR ,VODP +LQGXLVP %XGGKLVP &RQIXFLDQLVP 6KLQWRLVP WKDWWKHSLFWXUHSDLQWHGUHPDLQVUHDOLVWLFDQDQDO\VLVRIVWXGHQWLQWHUHVWLQWRSLFVRIWKHGD\ =RURDVWULDQLVP WKH %DKi t )DLWK DQG RWKHUV DUULYHG IRUPHG UHOLJLRXV DVVRFLDWLRQV DQG DQGSDUWLFXODUO\LQSROLWLFDODQGSKLORVRSKLFDOPDWWHUVKDVEHHQLQFOXGHG FRQWLQXHG WR SUDFWLFH WKHLU IDLWKV 2QH PXVW FRQFHGH WKDW VRPH RI WKHVH KDYH DWWUDFWLYH 0\VLQFHUHWKDQNVJRWRDOOWKRVHZKRKDYHDVVLVWHG PHZKLFKLQFOXGHVRIFRXUVH IHDWXUHVZKLFK&KULVWLDQLW\GRHVQRWTXLWHULYDO([DPSOHVDUHWKH%XGGKLVWV¶FRPSDVVLRQIRU WKRVHZKRVHFRUUHVSRQGHQFHZLWKPHLVFRQWDLQHGLQ3DUW,,,7KLVFRUUHVSRQGHQFHFRQWDLQV DOO VHQWLHQW EHLQJV WKH HPSKDVLV RQ IDPLO\ OR\DOW\ RI &RQIXFLDQLVP RU WKH %DKD LV¶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¶V FRPPHQWHGRQKLVIULHQGVKLSZLWK-RKQ)LQQLVDQGRQKLVRZQHDUO\UHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFHV VWXGHQWVOLNHWKH0LGGOH$JHV7KHQWKHOLYHVRIVRPDQ\VWXGHQWVLQ$XVWUDOLDQXQLYHUVLWLHV 7KHODWH -RKQ %DQQRQPDGH LQIRUPDWLYH FRPPHQWVDIWHU WKHOHFWXUH, JDYHLQ$GHODLGHRQ ZHUHJUHDWO\SUHRFFXSLHGZLWKLVVXHVUDLVHGE\WKH&KULVWLDQUHOLJLRQV$QHGLWRULDOLQOn Dit $SULODQGFRQWDFWHG:LOO %D\QHVRQP\EHKDOI%D\QHVKDV ZULWWHQIURP (QJODQG WKH VWXGHQW QHZVSDSHU VXPPHG XS WKH VWXGHQWV¶ YLHZ µ,W LV D VWUDQJH FRPPHQWDU\ RQ DERXW KLV OLQNV ZLWK )LQQLV DV FRHGLWRU RI On Dit LQ DQG DV D IHOORZUHVLGHQW DW 6W $XVWUDOLDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ VWXGHQWV WKDW UHOLJLRQ ZKLFK RQH PLJKW DOPRVW DVVXPH DV VHWWOHG 0DUN¶V &ROOHJH *HRIIUH\ /LQGHOO KDV SURYLGHG LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW KLV H[SHULHQFHV DV D VKRXOG EH PRUH SURGXFWLYH RI GLVFXVVLRQ WKDQ SROLWLFV ZKLFK RQH PLJKW VXSSRVH PRUH VWXGHQWRI0DXULFH)LQQLVKHKDVDOVRPDGHKHOSIXOVXJJHVWLRQVIRULPSURYHPHQWV FRQWURYHUVLDO¶ , DP DOVR JUDWHIXO IRU FRQWULEXWLRQV PDGH E\ SHUVRQ ZKRVH FRUUHVSRQGHQFH LV QRW $V VR RIWHQ LQ WKH VWXG\ RI KLVWRU\ JHQHUDO WUHQGV DUH SHUFHLYHG PRVW FOHDUO\ E\ UHSURGXFHGLQWKH$SSHQGLFHV/HH.HUVWHQZDVDVWXGHQWGXULQJWKHSHULRGDQGKDVSURYLGHG FRQFHQWUDWLRQRQVPDOOSDUWVRIWKHZKROH7KXVWKLVVWXG\LVFRQFHUQHGZLWKWKH&KULVWLDQ PXFKXVHIXOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHdramatis personaeRIWKHVWRU\,DOVRWKDQNPHPEHUVRI IDLWKDVLWDSSHDUHGLQWKHVLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH0RUHVSHFLILFDOO\LWGHDOVZLWK WKH DXGLHQFH LQFOXGLQJ -RKQ )LQQLV¶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µ,ZRXOGEHJUDWHIXOLI\RXZRXOGVD\WKDWWKRXJK,KDYHUHDGHYHU\WKLQJDQGKDYH RIIHUHGVRPHFRUUHFWLRQVDQGDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQKHUHDQGWKHUH,KDYHQRWWULHG /HDGLQJIHDWXUHDUWLFOHRIWKH0DUFKLVVXHRIOn DitWKHVWXGHQWQHZVSDSHUSXEOLVKHGE\WKH WRDOLJQWKHZRUNDWDOOFRPSOHWHO\ZLWKP\RZQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRUPHPRU\RIVRPH 6WXGHQW5HSUHVHQWDWLYH&RXQFLO 65& ±VHH 0DUFK On Dit7KH%DUU6PLWK/LEUDU\ RIWKHPDLQHOHPHQWVLQWKHKLVWRU\RUWRDGMXVWLWVHVWLPDWHVDQGDVVHVVPHQWV¶ %6/ RIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGHKDVGLJLWLVHGOn Dit,WFDQEHDFFHVVHGWKURXJKWKH%6/ZHEVLWH VHH KWWSZZZDGHODLGHHGXDXOLEUDU\!6HHDOVR KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL2QB'LW! LY Y The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

µ$Q\RQH ZLVKLQJ WR NQRZ ZKDW, QRZ KROG DERXW UHDVRQ DQG UHYHODWLRQZKLFKLV 7$%/(2)&217(176 HVVHQWLDOO\ZKDW,EHJDQKROGLQJLQ±FRXOGWDNHWKHLUSLFNRIWKHHVVD\VLQ Religion and Public Reasons¶ VHHEHORZQ ,1752'8&7,21 3$57,/$:678',(6(;75$&855,&8/$5$&7,9,7,(6 ,DPDEOHWRUHSRUWZLWKPXFKVDWLVIDFWLRQWKDWRQWK0D\WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH &219(56,2172&$7+2/,&,60 DZDUGHG -RKQ )LQQLV WKH 'RFWRU RI /DZV inter alia IRU KDYLQJ WUDQVIRUPHG WKH VWXG\ RI ,7+(81,9(56,7<2)$'(/$,'(7+(/$:6&+22/ MXULVSUXGHQFHDURXQGWKHZRUOG $An Expanding Institution , DP DOVR YHU\ JUDWHIXO WR 'DYLG .HOO\ ZKR KDV JHQHURXVO\ UHDGLPSRUWDQW VHFWLRQV RI WKH %Finnis’s legal studies PDQXVFULSW DQGKDV PDGH PDQ\KHOSIXOVXJJHVWLRQV$Q\PLVWDNHVDQGRWKHUVKRUWFRPLQJV &Contact with Finnis DUHVROHO\P\UHVSRQVLELOLW\ ,,7+(81,9(56,7<&20081,7< +RUVW/FNH VW$XJXVW $Opportunities %Student self-government ,,,81,9(56,7

&Is Smoking detrimental to human health? (August 1959) DArticles of the Christian faith as stated by Martin µ/XQJ&DQFHUDQG6PRNLQJ¶ EThe mechanics of Martin’s scholarship 'Spy Flies and the Nuclear Deterrent (10 June 1960) FChapters Three and Four: God’s goodness µ8:K\ZDVLW&ULPLQDO )RROLVK"¶ GChapter Five: the existence of God (The Adolf Eichmann case; the banality of evil (24 June 1960) µ7ZR&XUUHQW+HUHVLHV¶ HChapter Six: Life after death )CP Snow’s two cultures (April 1962) LThe resurrection of the dead µ7KH3RYHUW\RI&36QRZ¶ LLThe disembodied state *CP Snow’s science and government (April 1962) LLLThe revelation of the existence and the nature of God µ6DQFWD6LPSOLFLWDVDQG6QRZ¶ %Unilateral nuclear disarmament (1962) ,,6(&8/$5(7+,&6± µ7KH,PPRUDOLW\RIWKH'HWHUUHQW¶ $The Catholic mission of 1958 (August 1958) 3$57,,,$33(1',&(6 µ7KH0RUDOVRIWKH0LVVLRQ¶ 7+(352-(&7 %Homosexuality (1960) $SSHQGL[%DELH /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRURIThe Groaning Stone $SSHQGL['HWPROG The moral issue &219(56,21$&&28176 Coerce or tolerate? $SSHQGL[)LQQLV Some reflections $SSHQGL[6KHDUHU &The role of the churches in politics (April 1960) $SSHQGL[1HWWHOEHFN µ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ $SSHQGL[+HQVOH\ 'Isaiah Berlin’s ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ (1960) µ(GXFDWLRQDQG)UHHGRP¶ $SSHQGL[+ROGVZRUWK Berlin’s concept of freedom *(1(5$/$1'3(5621$/%$&.*5281'0$7(5,$/ Laurie Neal on freedom in education $SSHQGL[+LOOLDUG Finnis on Berlin and Neal $SSHQGL[+RZHOO ,,,&+5,67,$1(7+,&6± $SSHQGL[%URLQRZVNL $ Attack on ‘pagan secularists’: review of Charlie Martin’s $SSHQGL[/LQGHOO µReligious Belief¶ (September 1961) µ7KHRORJ\DQG&ULWLFLVP¶ &21&/86,21 Charlie Martin: personal story; intellectual development ‘Religious Belief’, Charlie Martin’s first book DThe lead-up to the book: two articles EThe book in a nutshell John Finnis’s onslaught on contemporary philosophy and on Martin’s book in particular Selected aspects of Finnis’s criticism YLLL L[ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

,1752'8&7,21 5RZHZDVVWLOODEOHWRGHVFULEHWKHVWXGHQWERG\DVµWKDWVPDOOIUDFWLRQRIDQDJHJURXSIRU -RKQ 0LWFKHOO )LQQLV LV WKH 2[IRUG 3URIHVVRU (PHULWXV RI /DZ DQG /HJDO 3KLORVRSK\ DQ ZKLFKIRUPDOOHDUQLQJGRHVQRWHQGZLWKVFKRROGD\V¶ +RQRUDU\)HOORZRI8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH2[IRUGD3URIHVVRUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI1RWUH'DPH 7KH/DZ6FKRROZDVIRXQGHGLQEXWGXULQJLWVILUVWVHYHQGHFDGHVWKH3URIHVVRU LQ ,QGLDQD D )HOORZ RI WKH %ULWLVK$FDGHP\ DQG D PHPEHU RI *UD\¶V ,QQ )URP WR RI /DZZDV WKH RQO\IXOOWLPH PHPEHU RI VWDII DQG WKH 6FKRRO KDG WR UHO\ IRU PRVW RI LWV KH ZDV WKH +HDG RI WKH /DZ 6FKRRO DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 0DODZL :KLOH WKHUH RQ WHDFKLQJDQGH[DPLQLQJRQOHJDOSUDFWLWLRQHUV ,QDUHDGHUVKLSZDVDGGHGDQGLQD VHFRQGPHQWIURP2[IRUGKHZURWHNatural Law and Natural Rights NLNR KLVQRZIDPRXV OHFWXUHVKLS 7KHUH ZHUH HQUROPHQWV LQ LQFOXGLQJ VWXGHQWV ZKR ZDQWHG WR DYDLO FRQWULEXWLRQWRRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHQDWXUHRIODZ7KH\HDUVDZWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRI WKHPVHOYHV RI WUDQVLWLRQDO DUUDQJHPHQWV VDZ DQRWKHU HQUROPHQWV )URP WKHQ XQWLO WZR)HVWVFKULIWHQLQ2[IRUGDQG%ULVEDQHUHVSHFWLYHO\-RKQ.HRZQRQHRIWKHHGLWRUVRIWKH DERXWWRWDOVWXGHQWQXPEHUVLQWKH/DZ6FKRROIOXFWXDWHGEHWZHHQDQG 2[IRUG )HVWVFKULIW KDV FDOOHG )LQQLV µRQH RI WKH ZRUOG¶V OHDGLQJ WKLQNHUV¶ DQG µD OHDGLQJ )URPWRWKH&RPPRQZHDOWK*RYHUQPHQWPDGHHPHUJHQF\ILQDQFLDOJUDQWV DXWKRULW\RQOHJDOPRUDODQGSROLWLFDOSKLORVRSK\FRQVWLWXWLRQDOODZPHGLFDOODZWKHRORJ\ DYDLODEOH WR $XVWUDOLDQ XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG WKHVH ZHUH IROORZHG E\ UHJXODU &RPPRQZHDOWK DQG6KDNHVSHDUH¶2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVKDVFHOHEUDWHGKLVDFKLHYHPHQWVE\SXEOLVKLQJ ILQDQFLDO VXSSRUW 6WDII DQG IDFLOLWLHV EHJDQ WR H[SDQG IRU PRVW XQLYHUVLW\ GLVFLSOLQHV Collected Essays of John FinnisLQILYHYROXPHV LQFOXGLQJODZ ,Q$XJXVW5LFKDUG%ODFNEXUQUHVLJQHGIURPWKH%RQ\WKRQ&KDLUDQG 7KH IRFXV RI WKLV FRQWULEXWLRQ ZLOO EH RQ VRPH RI )LQQLV¶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n DitWKHVWXGHQWQHZVSDSHUDYDLODEOHWRWKHSXEOLFLQGLJLWLVHGIRUP7KDW WKHQHZ/DZ/LEUDULDQ7KHVHQHZFRPHUVDIIHFWLRQDWHO\FDOOHGWKHµ0HOERXUQH0DILD¶KDG KDVJUHDWO\IDFLOLWDWHGWKLVVWXG\ DOOVHUYHGXQGHU=HOPDQ&RZHQWKHQVWLOO'HDQRIWKHSUHVWLJLRXV0HOERXUQH8QLYHUVLW\/DZ 6FKRRO,Q0DUFKZKHQ-RKQ)LQQLVFRPPHQFHGWKHILUVW\HDURIKLVODZFRXUVHKHZDV 3$57,/$:678',(6(;75$&855,&8/$5$&7,9,7,(6 DEOH WR ORRN IRUZDUG WR PRUH IXOOWLPH DWWHQWLRQ DQG WR DQ DFDGHPLFDOO\ PRUH GHPDQGLQJ &219(56,2172&$7+2/,&,60 SURJUDPWKDQKLVSUHGHFHVVRUVKDGHQMR\HG+HZDVRQHRIDQDOOPDOHFODVVRIVWXGHQWV ,7+(81,9(56,7<2)$'(/$,'(7+(/$:6&+22/ %Finnis’s legal studies $An Expanding Institution )LQQLVKDGEHHQ'X[RI6W3HWHU¶V&ROOHJH WKHµ&ROOHJLDWH6FKRRORI6DLQW3HWHU¶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±VHH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL-RKQB)LQQLV! The University of Adelaide 1874–1974 $GHODLGH5LJE\ ± +HSUDFWLVHGDWWKH%DUIURPWR 0DUFK On Dit .HRZQ-RKQDQG*HRUJH-RKQ5REHUW3 HGV Reason, Morality, and Law: The Philosophy of John )RUWKHLPSRUWDQWUROHSOD\HGE\SDUWWLPHVWDIIVHH(GJHORH9LFWRU$OOHQµ7KH$GHODLGH/DZ6FKRRO Finnis 283 6D\HUV0DUNDQG5DKHPWXOD$ODGLQ HGV Jurisprudence as Practical Reason. A ±¶ Adelaide Law Review±± Celebration of the Collected Essays of John Finnis 6XSUHPH&RXUW/LEUDU\4XHHQVODQG )RUGHWDLOVHH'XQFDQ /HRQDUGDERYHQ± 6HH KWWSVNHQQHG\LQVWLWXWHJHRUJHWRZQHGXQHZVHYHQWVLQWHUYLHZMRKQNHRZQRQUHDVRQPRUDOLW\ 2IWKHVHJUDGXDWHGLQRWKHUVOHIWDIWHUKDYLQJTXDOLILHGIRUWKH)LQDO&HUWLILFDWHDVXEJUDGXDWH DQGODZWKHSKLORVRSK\RIMRKQILQQLV!WKH%ULVEDQH)HVWVFKULIWFRQWDLQVDFRQWULEXWLRQE\)LQQLV GLSORPDODVWDZDUGHGLQZKLFKUHTXLUHGWKHVWXG\RIIHZHUVXEMHFWV±VHH(GJHORHDERYHQ µ5HWKLQNLQJ6KDNHVSHDUH¶±6D\HUV 5DKHPWXODDERYHQ± Reason in Action , Intention and Identity ,, Human Rights and Common Good ,,, Philosophy of ,QKHZDVGHFODUHGWKH5:%HQQHWW6FKRODUIRUKHKDGEHHQDZDUGHG5:%HQQHWW3UL]HV Law ,9 Religion and Public Reasons 9 2[IRUGDQG1<283 H[FHSWLRQDOPHULWLQDQ\2UGLQDU\VXEMHFWDWWKH1RYHPEHUH[DPLQDWLRQV LQDQG,Q $QDEOHEXWFRQWURYHUVLDO9LFH&KDQFHOORU5RZHGHSDUWHGLQ±6WUHWWRQ+XJKµ5RZH$OEHUW KHZDVGHFODUHGWKH6WRZ0HGDO6FKRODUIRUKHKDGEHHQDZDUGHG6WRZ3UL]HV H[FHSWLRQDOPHULW 3HUFLYDO ± ¶Australian Dictionary of Biography ADB VHH LQDWOHDVWWZRVXEMHFWV LQDQG+HDOVRZRQWKH$QJXV3DUVRQV3UL]H PRVW KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\URZHDOEHUWSHUFLYDO!&RQFHUQLQJ5RZH¶VVWUDLQHGUHODWLRQV PHULWRULRXV+RQRXUVJUDGXDWH IRUDQGWKH-XVWLQ6NLSSHU3UL]H DFWLYHDQGHIIHFWLYHSDUWLQ ZLWKWKHSURIHVVRUVDQGKLVXQKDSS\GHSDUWXUHIURP$GHODLGHVHHKLVERRNIf the Gown Fits 083 VWXGHQWOLIHDQGWZRGLVWLQFWLRQVDWWKHHQGRIWKHFRXUVH IRU7KLVLQIRUPDWLRQKDVEHHQSURYLGHG UHYLHZHGFULWLFDOO\E\5/5HLGLQ 0D\ On Dit E\WKH8QLYHUVLW\$UFKLYHV 2Q5RZH¶VLPSDFWRQWKH8QLYHUVLW\VHH'XQFDQ:DOWHU*HRUJH.HLWKDQG/HRQDUG5RJHU$VKOH\ 6HHWKHRELWXDU\DW KWWSZZZSLUVDJRYDXBBGDWDDVVHWVSGIBILOHPFJUHJRUSGI! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

DW YDULRXV WLPHV -XVWLFH RI WKH )HGHUDO &RXUW WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUWV RI 6RXWK$XVWUDOLD WKH ,,7+(81,9(56,7<&20081,7< $&7 DQG 1DXUX 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH +XPDQ 5LJKWV &RPPLVVLRQ DQG &KDQFHOORU RI WKH $Opportunities 8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH $V\RXQJ-RKQ)LQQLVHQWHUHG$GHODLGH8QLYHUVLW\KHZRXOGKDYHUHDGLQWKHILUVWLVVXH 6WXGHQWVKDGRQO\DYHU\OLPLWHGFDSDFLW\WRVKDSHWKHODZFRXUVHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLU RI On Dit WKH VWXGHQW QHZVSDSHU ZHOFRPLQJ ZRUGV IURP WKH 9LFH&KDQFHOORU $OEHUW LQWHUHVWV$OOILUVWDQGVHFRQG\HDUODZVXEMHFWVZHUHFRPSXOVRU\DQGILUVW\HDUVWXGHQWVKDG 5RZH WKH :DUGHQ RI WKH 8QLRQ WKH 5HY)UDQN %RUODQG DQG 0LFKDHO 6P\WK WKH WR DGG WZR $UWV VXEMHFWV )LQQLV FKRVH (FRQRPLFV DQG 3ROLWLFV, )XUWKHU FRPSXOVRU\ 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH 6WXGHQW 5HSUHVHQWDWLYH &RXQFLO 65& D VWXGHQW ERG\ RI VRPH VXEMHFWVIROORZHGLQWKLUG\HDULQFOXGLQJ-XULVSUXGHQFHDQG/HJDO+LVWRU\ DVKRUWFRXUVH PHPEHUVOn Dit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n RQO\WKUHHVXEMHFWVDQGDVKRUWQRQH[DPLQDEOHFRXUVHLQOHJDOHWKLFVZDVDSDUWWLPH\HDU Dit UHSRUWHGWKDW EDQQLQJWKH &RPPXQLVW 3DUW\ZDV YLJRURXVO\VXSSRUWHG E\ 0U5XQIHOGV DQGPRVWVWXGHQWVGLYLGHGWKHLUWLPHEHWZHHQXQLYHUVLW\VWXG\DQGDUWLFOHVRIFOHUNVKLS)LQQLV DQG 0U)LQQLV DQG WKDW µ>D@XGLHQFH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ZDV EULVN DQG LQWHUHVWLQJ DQG >WKDW@ WKH GLG QRW HQWHU LQWR DUWLFOHV DQG GHYRWHG WKH WLPH JDLQHG WR WKH H[WUDFXUULFXODU 8QLYHUVLW\ TXHVWLRQUHPDLQHGXQVHWWOHG¶)LQQLV¶VVXFFHVVDVDGHEDWHUZDVDOPRVWLPPHGLDWH+HDQG DFWLYLWLHVZKLFKKDGRFFXSLHGKLPWKURXJKRXWKLVWLPHDVDQXQGHUJUDGXDWHKLVODZVWXGLHV WKHIRUPLGDEOH$OHF+\VORSµRQHRIWKHIRUHPRVWVWXGHQWOHDGHUVLQWKLV8QLYHUVLW\¶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n Dit DQGZDVDZDUGHGWKHGHJUHHLQKLVWKHVLVGHDOWZLWKMXGLFLDOSRZHUZLWKUHIHUHQFHWR 7KH ,QWHUYDUVLW\ 'HEDWHV )HVWLYDO WRRN SODFH LQ $GHODLGH LQ $XJXVW 7KH $XVWUDOLDQIHGHUDOFRQVWLWXWLRQDOODZ $GHODLGH WHDP ZDV OHG E\$OHF +\VORS ,DQ +DUPVGRUI DQG -RKQ )LQQLV ZHUH WKH RWKHU &Contact with Finnis PHPEHUV2QWKH$XJXVW DW D WLPH ZKHQ %LOO\*UDKDP¶V SRSXODULW\ZDVDWLWVSHDNLQ $XVWUDOLD WKH$GHODLGH WHDP DUJXHG VXFFHVVIXOO\ WKDW µ%LOO\ *UDKDP LV D GLVFLSOH RI 3DXO +DYLQJEHHQDSSRLQWHGDWWKH$GHODLGH/DZ6FKRROWRDVHQLRUOHFWXUHVKLSLQ,WDXJKW 3ULYDWH,QWHUQDWLRQDO/DZLQWKDW\HDU)LQQLVDQG%URLQRZVNLZHUHPHPEHUVRIP\FODVV, ZDVQHZWRWKHVXEMHFWDQG)LQQLVTXHULHGSODXVLEO\DQGFRXUWHRXVO\P\DSSURDFKWRVRPH RILWVNH\DVSHFWV+LVH[DPLQDWLRQSDSHUZDVZULWWHQZLWKJUHDWFODULW\LWYHU\FRQYLQFLQJO\ 0DUFK On Dit )LQQLV0DUJDUHW0The Lower Level, a Discursive History of the Adelaide University Union $GHODLGH SODFHGGRFWULQHVLQWKHLUKLVWRULFDOFRQWH[W 8QLYHUVLW\8QLRQ 7KHDXWKRUZDV-RKQ¶VPRWKHU $IWHUKLVGHSDUWXUHIRU2[IRUGZHFRQWLQXHGWRKDYHVRPHFRQWDFW%\KHKDG 'XQFDQ /HRQDUGDERYHQ7KH65&ZDVUHSODFHGE\WKH6WXGHQWV¶$VVRFLDWLRQRIWKH EHFRPHDODZWXWRUDW8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH,QP\\HDULQ2[IRUGZHPHWRFFDVLRQDOO\ 8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGHLQ )LQQLV0DUJDUHWDERYHQ XVXDOO\DWFROOHJHGLQQHUV,Q,ZDV'HDQDQG+HDGRIWKH/DZ6FKRRODQGDUUDQJHGIRU 6HH 0DUFK On Dit ± -RKQWREH DSSRLQWHG WR DYLVLWLQJOHFWXUHVKLS +H DQGKLV IDPLO\VSHQW WKH DFDGHPLF µ,I\RXKDYHEHHQDNHHQVFKRROGHEDWHUWKHQWKH8QLYHUVLW\'HEDWLQJ&OXERIIHUV\RXHYHU\ RSSRUWXQLW\WRFRQWLQXHWKLVLQWHUHVWDQGLPSURYH\RXUWHFKQLTXH7KH&OXEFRQGXFWVGHEDWHVHYHU\ \HDULQ$GHODLGHZKHUHKHOHFWXUHGDQGH[DPLQHGLQ-XULVSUXGHQFH,Q,ZDVWKHHGLWRU 0RQGD\GXULQJWKHOXQFKKRXU¶ 0DUFK On Dit'HEDWLQJKDGDORQJKLVWRU\LQ RI WKH FHQWHQDU\ HGLWLRQ RI WKH Adelaide Law Review OLNH PDQ\ RWKHU SURPLQHQW IRUPHU $XVWUDOLDQXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGLQ$GHODLGHLQSDUWLFXODU±VHH)LQQLV0DUJDUHWDERYHQ± PHPEHUVRIVWDII)LQQLVDFFHSWHGP\LQYLWDWLRQWRFRQWULEXWHDQDUWLFOHWRWKDWHGLWLRQ6LQFH 0D\ On Dit8VHIXOPDWHULDOIRUWKHGHEDWHZRXOGKDYHEHHQSURYLGHGE\WKH+LJK &RXUWGHFLVLRQLQWKHCommunist Party Case &/5 WKHQRXUFRQWDFWKDVEHHQVSRUDGLF +LVDFKLHYHPHQWVDUHGHWDLOHGLQ 6HSWHPEHU On Dit $XJXVW On Dit 6HSWHPEHU On Dit ,DPJUDWHIXOWRWKH+RQRXUDEOH'U*OHQ:LOOLDPV$24&DQ$GMXQFW3URIHVVRUDW84DQGIRUPHUO\D -XVWLFHRIWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI4XHHQVODQGWRZKRP,RZHPXFKRIWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQ+HZDVD 6HH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL-RKQBYRQB'RXVVD! PHPEHURIWKH4XHHQVODQGGHEDWLQJWHDPZKLFKGHEDWHG$GHODLGHDW$UPLGDOH+HWKLQNVWKDW$GHODLGH )RUSHUVRQDOUHFROOHFWLRQVRIWKDWUHPDUNDEOH\HDUVHHµ7KH6LHJHRI$OO6RXOV¶ Supreme ZRQEXWLVQRWFHUWDLQ Court of Queensland Review of Books± 7KHZHEVLWHRIWKH*HUPDQ&OXEFDOOV'U,DQ+DUPVGRUI2$0%9.µWKHVWDWH VIRUHPRVWDXWKRULW\RQ µ7KH5HVSRQVLELOLWLHVRIWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP3DUOLDPHQWDQG*RYHUQPHQWXQGHUWKH$XVWUDOLDQ WKH*HUPDQFRQWULEXWLRQWR6RXWK$XVWUDOLD¶± KWWSZZZWKHJHUPDQFOXEFRPDXDERXWXVJHUPDQ &RQVWLWXWLRQ¶ Adelaide Law Review± KLVWRU\LQ6$SKS! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

>sic@*RHEEHOV¶7KH\GHIHDWHG6\GQH\LQWKHVHPLILQDOV7KHILQDOGHEDWH µ)UHHGRPDQG 0U-RKQ)LQQLVEULOOLDQWVHFRQG\HDU/DZVWXGHQWOLNH0U+\VORSLVDIHOORZZKR 6HFXULW\DUHLQFRPSDWLEOH¶ ZDVKHOGLQDSDFNHG8QLRQ+DOO$GHODLGHZDVWKHIDYRXULWH UDUHO\DOORZVKLPVHOIWREHIOXVWHUHG WHDPEXW4XHHQVODQGZRQ /LNH 0U +\VORS KH LV RQH RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\¶V RXWVWDQGLQJ VWXGHQW GHEDWHUV DQGDFRQWULEXWRUWR³2Q'LW´+HLV6HFUHWDU\RIWKH8QLYHUVLW\'HEDWLQJ&OXEDQG +\VORSDQG)LQQLVEHFDPHDYHU\VXFFHVVIXODQGSRSXODUGHEDWLQJWHDPZHILQGWKHP WKH'LUHFWRURIWKHKLJKO\VXFFHVVIXO18$86'HEDWHV)HVWLYDOKHOGLQ$GHODLGH VWLOOWHDPLQJXSWZR\HDUVODWHUZKHQWKH\ERWKKDGPDQ\RWKHUFRPPLWPHQWV GXULQJWKHODVWYDFDWLRQ %Student self-government 7KH65&ZLWKLWVIRXUPDMRUVWDQGLQJFRPPLWWHHVKDGDZLGHUDQJHRIUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV$V )LQQLV¶V ZLOOLQJQHVV WR XQGHUWDNH RQHURXV DGPLQLVWUDWLYH SRVLWLRQV VHHPV WR KDYH KDG QR 6HFUHWDU\)LQQLVKDGWRGHDOZLWKPDQ\LPSRUWDQWDVZHOODVZLWKPDQ\WULYLDOPDWWHUV2QO\ OLPLWV $OHF +\VORS KDG EHHQ &KDLUPDQ RI WKH 'HEDWLQJ &OXE VLQFH DQG ZKHQ WKH VRPHWKRVHZKLFKUHTXLUHGSXEOLFLW\DUHUHIOHFWHGLQOn Dit6KRUWO\DIWHUKHEHFDPH65& 'HEDWHV)HVWLYDOORRPHG)LQQLVDFFHSWHGWKHSRVLWLRQRI'HEDWHV*HQHUDO6HFUHWDU\0XFKRI 6HFUHWDU\)LQQLVZDVSHUKDSVXQDYRLGDEO\DOVRHOHFWHGWRWKH8QLRQ&RXQFLODQGWKH8QLRQ WKHSUHSDUDWLRQIRUWKH)HVWLYDOVXFKDVDUUDQJLQJIRUDFFRPPRGDWLRQIRULQWHUVWDWHYLVLWRUV +RXVH&RPPLWWHH,Q0DUFK)LQQLVFDOOHGIRUQRPLQDWLRQVIRUWKHSRVLWLRQRIHGLWRURI WKXVEHFDPHKLVUHVSRQVLELOLW\ WKHAdelaide University Magazine AUM 'HV&RRSHUDJHQHWLFVVWXGHQWWKHQLQKLVWKLUG :KHQ)LQQLVZDVHOHFWHGDVDPHPEHURIWKH65&LQ$XJXVWWKHPRQWKRIWKH \HDUQRPLQDWHGDQGZDVDSSRLQWHGE\WKH65&RQWKHVWUHQJWKRIKLVSXEOLFDWLRQUHFRUG )HVWLYDO On DitFRPPHQWHG: µ$VWURQJGHEDWHU-RKQ)LQQLVVKRXOGIROORZLQWKHWUDGLWLRQRI 7KH 65& DOVR SOD\HG D UROH LQ WKH DIIDLUV RI WKH 18$86 ,Q )HEUXDU\ DQ 65& KLVODZFRXQWHUSDUWVE\NHHSLQJWKHUHVWRIWKHPHPEHUVRQWKHLUWRHV+HZLOOEHVXSSRUWHG GHOHJDWLRQZKLFKLQFOXGHG)LQQLVWUDYHOOHGWR+REDUWWRDWWHQGWKH&RXQFLOZKLFKWRRNSODFH E\IHOORZODZVWXGHQW5LFKDUG%URLQRZVNL¶,QZKHQWKH([HFXWLYHKDGEHHQ LQWKDWFLW\IURPWR)HEUXDU\ IRUPHG WKHIODPER\DQW'HUUDQFH5HGIRUG6WHYHQVRQ /DZD\HDUDKHDGRI)LQQLV KDG %HIRUH)LQQLVUHWLUHGDV6HFUHWDU\KHVXEPLWWHGKLVDQQXDOUHSRUWLQZKLFKKHµVODWHG¶ EHFRPH WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI WKH 65& +DYLQJ SHUIRUPHG WKH RQHURXV GXWLHV RI WKH RIILFH KH On DitIRULWVDOOHJHGIDLOXUHWROLYHXSWRLWVUHVSRQVLELOLW\DVµWKHRIILFLDOSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH H[SHFWHGDIWHUKHKDGEHHQUHHOHFWHGXQRSSRVHGDVWKH/DZUHSUHVHQWDWLYH WREHHOHFWHG $GHODLGH 8QLYHUVLW\ 65&¶$ \HDU ODWHU ZKHQ )LQQLV KLPVHOI ZDV RQH RI WKH HGLWRUV KLV 3UHVLGHQWLQ:KHQ+\VORSZDVHOHFWHGLQVWHDG6WHYHQVRQUHVLJQHGKLVPHPEHUVKLSRI VXFFHVVRUDV+RQRUDU\6HFUHWDU\-HDQ/LQGVD\ZDVQRKDSSLHUZLWKWKHHGLWRULDOSROLFLHVRI WKH65& WKHSDSHUWKDQ)LQQLVKDGEHHQHDUOLHUµ$FFXUDWHUHSRUWVDQGFULWLFLVPVRIWKH65&VKRXOG $QHZ+RQRUDU\6HFUHWDU\ZDVQHHGHG)LQQLVKDGRQO\MXVWEHHQHOHFWHGWRWKH65& ILQGWKHLUZD\LQWROn Dit1HLWKHUGR7KHLQWHOOLJHQWVLDIRUZKRP\RXUSDSHUFDWHUV6LUV DQG LGHDOO\ VKRXOG KDYH JDLQHG VRPH H[SHULHQFH EHIRUH MRLQLQJ WKH ([HFXWLYH +RZHYHU GRQ¶W ZDQW ZDIIOH IRU WKH SUHVHQW 6LUV VWRS WKURZLQJ GDUWV IURP WKH SHDNV RI \RXU +\VORSNQHZKRZ)LQQLVKDGSHUIRUPHGDV'HEDWHV*HQHUDO6HFUHWDU\DQGZLWKKLVVXSSRUW LQWHOOHFWXDOVXSHULRULW\DQGOHWXVKDYHVRPHERPEV¶ )LQQLVZDVHOHFWHG+RQRUDU\6HFUHWDU\On DitFRPPHQWHG 7KHODVWDGPLQLVWUDWLYH RUTXDVLDGPLQLVWUDWLYH SRVLWLRQWRZKLFK)LQQLVDVSLUHGZDV WKDWRIWKHHGLWRUVKLSRIOn Dit+HKDGDJHQHUDOLQWHUHVWLQOLWHUDU\RXWOHWVIRUVWXGHQWVIRU $XJXVW On Dit KHKDGWRKLVFUHGLWDQXPEHURIDUWLFOHVLQOn DitDQGLQAUMDVKDG'HV&RRSHUDQG:LOO 6HSWHPEHU On Dit 7KHDGMXGLFDWRUVZHUH&ROLQ+RUQH3URIHVVRURI(QJOLVK9LF(GJHORHWKH5HJLVWUDU5RELQ0LOOKRXVH DPHPEHURI3DUOLDPHQWDQG-HII6FRWWDVWXGHQW$WWKDWWLPHWKHUHZHUHRQO\HLJKWXQLYHUVLWLHVLQ $XVWUDOLD±WZRHDFKLQ1HZ6RXWK:DOHVDQG9LFWRULDDQGRQHLQHDFKRIWKHRWKHU6WDWHV7KH $XVWUDOLDQ1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\ZDVQRWIXOO\HVWDEOLVKHGXQWLO $FWLYLWLHV egVWXGHQWEDOOV8QLRQQLJKWV3URVK &OXEVDQG6RFLHWLHV(GXFDWLRQDQG5HVHDUFK $QWKRQ\:D\QHµ,GRQRWDSRORJLVH¶ 6HSWHPEHU On Dit HGXFDWLRQUHVHDUFKRIILFHUDQGDQ\SURMHFWJLYHQWRLWE\WKH65& DQGPDWWHUVFRQFHUQLQJWKH $XJXVW On Dit 1DWLRQDO8QLRQRI$XVWUDOLDQ8QLYHUVLW\6WXGHQWV 18$86 ± 6HSWHPEHU On Dit $XJXVW On Dit ([DPSOHVDUHFDOOLQJIRUHOHFWLRQV± 6HSWHPEHU On DitQHJRWLDWLQJZLWKWKH 7KH8QLYHUVLW\$UFKLYHVKROGDSKRWRRIWKHPHPEHUVRIWKH([HFXWLYH SOXVDIHZULQJLQV $GPLQLVWUDWLRQWRKDYHORFNHUVIRUVWXGHQWEDJVLQVWDOOHGLQWKH%6/± $SULO On Dit ZKRDWWHQGHGWKH65&GLQQHU'DYLG:LFNV0LFKDHO%DLOH\+\PDQGH9HUH%DUU\:DUUHQ LQYLWLQJVXJJHVWLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRID8QLYHUVLW\WLH± 0DUFK On DitGHDOLQJZLWK 0HUHGLWK6\NHV'DYLG6W/.HOO\:D\QH$QWKRQH\+XJK&RUEHWW3HWHU5HDG-LP&UDZIRUG%ULDQ WKHSUREOHPRIVWXGHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRQWKH8QLYHUVLW\&RXQFLO± $SULO On Dit 6HSSHOW-DQ3HWWLW 7D\ORU 0HUHGLWK6WRNHV(ODLQH 65&VHFUHWDU\ -XOLHW/HY\-HQQLIHU*UD\-DQ KROGLQJGLVFXVVLRQVZLWKWKH$XVWUDOLDQ8QLYHUVLWLHV&RPPLVVLRQFRQFHUQLQJIDLOXUHUDWHVOLEUDU\ &ROOLHU'HUUDQFH6WHSKHQVRQ-RKQ-HQNLQ5REHUWD0RRUH 6WHHOH $OHF+\VORS0LFKDHO6P\WK IDFLOLWLHVKHDOWKVHUYLFHVVWXGHQWDFFRPPRGDWLRQWKH7HFKQRORJ\FRXUVHDQGWKHQXPEHURIVWXGHQWV 0DULH0F1DOO\DQG

>sic@*RHEEHOV¶7KH\GHIHDWHG6\GQH\LQWKHVHPLILQDOV7KHILQDOGHEDWH µ)UHHGRPDQG 0U-RKQ)LQQLVEULOOLDQWVHFRQG\HDU/DZVWXGHQWOLNH0U+\VORSLVDIHOORZZKR 6HFXULW\DUHLQFRPSDWLEOH¶ ZDVKHOGLQDSDFNHG8QLRQ+DOO$GHODLGHZDVWKHIDYRXULWH UDUHO\DOORZVKLPVHOIWREHIOXVWHUHG WHDPEXW4XHHQVODQGZRQ /LNH 0U +\VORS KH LV RQH RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\¶V RXWVWDQGLQJ VWXGHQW GHEDWHUV DQGDFRQWULEXWRUWR³2Q'LW´+HLV6HFUHWDU\RIWKH8QLYHUVLW\'HEDWLQJ&OXEDQG +\VORSDQG)LQQLVEHFDPHDYHU\VXFFHVVIXODQGSRSXODUGHEDWLQJWHDPZHILQGWKHP WKH'LUHFWRURIWKHKLJKO\VXFFHVVIXO18$86'HEDWHV)HVWLYDOKHOGLQ$GHODLGH VWLOOWHDPLQJXSWZR\HDUVODWHUZKHQWKH\ERWKKDGPDQ\RWKHUFRPPLWPHQWV GXULQJWKHODVWYDFDWLRQ %Student self-government 7KH65&ZLWKLWVIRXUPDMRUVWDQGLQJFRPPLWWHHVKDGDZLGHUDQJHRIUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV$V )LQQLV¶V ZLOOLQJQHVV WR XQGHUWDNH RQHURXV DGPLQLVWUDWLYH SRVLWLRQV VHHPV WR KDYH KDG QR 6HFUHWDU\)LQQLVKDGWRGHDOZLWKPDQ\LPSRUWDQWDVZHOODVZLWKPDQ\WULYLDOPDWWHUV2QO\ OLPLWV $OHF +\VORS KDG EHHQ &KDLUPDQ RI WKH 'HEDWLQJ &OXE VLQFH DQG ZKHQ WKH VRPHWKRVHZKLFKUHTXLUHGSXEOLFLW\DUHUHIOHFWHGLQOn Dit6KRUWO\DIWHUKHEHFDPH65& 'HEDWHV)HVWLYDOORRPHG)LQQLVDFFHSWHGWKHSRVLWLRQRI'HEDWHV*HQHUDO6HFUHWDU\0XFKRI 6HFUHWDU\)LQQLVZDVSHUKDSVXQDYRLGDEO\DOVRHOHFWHGWRWKH8QLRQ&RXQFLODQGWKH8QLRQ WKHSUHSDUDWLRQIRUWKH)HVWLYDOVXFKDVDUUDQJLQJIRUDFFRPPRGDWLRQIRULQWHUVWDWHYLVLWRUV +RXVH&RPPLWWHH,Q0DUFK)LQQLVFDOOHGIRUQRPLQDWLRQVIRUWKHSRVLWLRQRIHGLWRURI WKXVEHFDPHKLVUHVSRQVLELOLW\ WKHAdelaide University Magazine AUM 'HV&RRSHUDJHQHWLFVVWXGHQWWKHQLQKLVWKLUG :KHQ)LQQLVZDVHOHFWHGDVDPHPEHURIWKH65&LQ$XJXVWWKHPRQWKRIWKH \HDUQRPLQDWHGDQGZDVDSSRLQWHGE\WKH65&RQWKHVWUHQJWKRIKLVSXEOLFDWLRQUHFRUG )HVWLYDO On DitFRPPHQWHG µ$VWURQJGHEDWHU-RKQ)LQQLVVKRXOGIROORZLQWKHWUDGLWLRQRI 7KH 65& DOVR SOD\HG D UROH LQ WKH DIIDLUV RI WKH 18$86 ,Q )HEUXDU\ DQ 65& KLVODZFRXQWHUSDUWVE\NHHSLQJWKHUHVWRIWKHPHPEHUVRQWKHLUWRHV+HZLOOEHVXSSRUWHG GHOHJDWLRQZKLFKLQFOXGHG)LQQLVWUDYHOOHGWR+REDUWWRDWWHQGWKH&RXQFLOZKLFKWRRNSODFH E\IHOORZODZVWXGHQW5LFKDUG%URLQRZVNL¶,QZKHQWKH([HFXWLYHKDGEHHQ LQWKDWFLW\IURPWR)HEUXDU\ IRUPHG WKHIODPER\DQW'HUUDQFH5HGIRUG6WHYHQVRQ /DZD\HDUDKHDGRI)LQQLV KDG %HIRUH)LQQLVUHWLUHGDV6HFUHWDU\KHVXEPLWWHGKLVDQQXDOUHSRUWLQZKLFKKHµVODWHG¶ EHFRPH WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI WKH 65& +DYLQJ SHUIRUPHG WKH RQHURXV GXWLHV RI WKH RIILFH KH On DitIRULWVDOOHJHGIDLOXUHWROLYHXSWRLWVUHVSRQVLELOLW\DVµWKHRIILFLDOSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH H[SHFWHGDIWHUKHKDGEHHQUHHOHFWHGXQRSSRVHGDVWKH/DZUHSUHVHQWDWLYH WREHHOHFWHG $GHODLGH 8QLYHUVLW\ 65&¶$ \HDU ODWHU ZKHQ )LQQLV KLPVHOI ZDV RQH RI WKH HGLWRUV KLV 3UHVLGHQWLQ:KHQ+\VORSZDVHOHFWHGLQVWHDG6WHYHQVRQUHVLJQHGKLVPHPEHUVKLSRI VXFFHVVRUDV+RQRUDU\6HFUHWDU\-HDQ/LQGVD\ZDVQRKDSSLHUZLWKWKHHGLWRULDOSROLFLHVRI WKH65& WKHSDSHUWKDQ)LQQLVKDGEHHQHDUOLHUµ$FFXUDWHUHSRUWVDQGFULWLFLVPVRIWKH65&VKRXOG $QHZ+RQRUDU\6HFUHWDU\ZDVQHHGHG)LQQLVKDGRQO\MXVWEHHQHOHFWHGWRWKH65& ILQGWKHLUZD\LQWROn Dit1HLWKHUGR7KHLQWHOOLJHQWVLDIRUZKRP\RXUSDSHUFDWHUV6LUV DQG LGHDOO\ VKRXOG KDYH JDLQHG VRPH H[SHULHQFH EHIRUH MRLQLQJ WKH ([HFXWLYH +RZHYHU GRQ¶W ZDQW ZDIIOH IRU WKH SUHVHQW 6LUV VWRS WKURZLQJ GDUWV IURP WKH SHDNV RI \RXU +\VORSNQHZKRZ)LQQLVKDGSHUIRUPHGDV'HEDWHV*HQHUDO6HFUHWDU\DQGZLWKKLVVXSSRUW LQWHOOHFWXDOVXSHULRULW\DQGOHWXVKDYHVRPHERPEV¶ )LQQLVZDVHOHFWHG+RQRUDU\6HFUHWDU\On DitFRPPHQWHG 7KHODVWDGPLQLVWUDWLYH RUTXDVLDGPLQLVWUDWLYH SRVLWLRQWRZKLFK)LQQLVDVSLUHGZDV WKDWRIWKHHGLWRUVKLSRIOn Dit+HKDGDJHQHUDOLQWHUHVWLQOLWHUDU\RXWOHWVIRUVWXGHQWVIRU $XJXVW On Dit KHKDGWRKLVFUHGLWDQXPEHURIDUWLFOHVLQOn DitDQGLQAUMDVKDG'HV&RRSHUDQG:LOO 6HSWHPEHU On Dit 7KHDGMXGLFDWRUVZHUH&ROLQ+RUQH3URIHVVRURI(QJOLVK9LF(GJHORHWKH5HJLVWUDU5RELQ0LOOKRXVH DPHPEHURI3DUOLDPHQWDQG-HII6FRWWDVWXGHQW$WWKDWWLPHWKHUHZHUHRQO\HLJKWXQLYHUVLWLHVLQ $XVWUDOLD±WZRHDFKLQ1HZ6RXWK:DOHVDQG9LFWRULDDQGRQHLQHDFKRIWKHRWKHU6WDWHV7KH $XVWUDOLDQ1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\ZDVQRWIXOO\HVWDEOLVKHGXQWLO $FWLYLWLHV egVWXGHQWEDOOV8QLRQQLJKWV3URVK &OXEVDQG6RFLHWLHV(GXFDWLRQDQG5HVHDUFK $QWKRQ\:D\QHµ,GRQRWDSRORJLVH¶ 6HSWHPEHU On Dit HGXFDWLRQUHVHDUFKRIILFHUDQGDQ\SURMHFWJLYHQWRLWE\WKH65& DQGPDWWHUVFRQFHUQLQJWKH $XJXVW On Dit 1DWLRQDO8QLRQRI$XVWUDOLDQ8QLYHUVLW\6WXGHQWV 18$86 ± 6HSWHPEHU On Dit $XJXVW On Dit ([DPSOHVDUHFDOOLQJIRUHOHFWLRQV± 6HSWHPEHU On DitQHJRWLDWLQJZLWKWKH 7KH8QLYHUVLW\$UFKLYHVKROGDSKRWRRIWKHPHPEHUVRIWKH([HFXWLYH SOXVDIHZULQJLQV $GPLQLVWUDWLRQWRKDYHORFNHUVIRUVWXGHQWEDJVLQVWDOOHGLQWKH%6/± $SULO On Dit ZKRDWWHQGHGWKH65&GLQQHU'DYLG:LFNV0LFKDHO%DLOH\+\PDQGH9HUH%DUU\:DUUHQ LQYLWLQJVXJJHVWLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRID8QLYHUVLW\WLH± 0DUFK On DitGHDOLQJZLWK 0HUHGLWK6\NHV'DYLG6W/.HOO\:D\QH$QWKRQH\+XJK&RUEHWW3HWHU5HDG-LP&UDZIRUG%ULDQ WKHSUREOHPRIVWXGHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRQWKH8QLYHUVLW\&RXQFLO± $SULO On Dit 6HSSHOW-DQ3HWWLW 7D\ORU 0HUHGLWK6WRNHV(ODLQH 65&VHFUHWDU\ -XOLHW/HY\-HQQLIHU*UD\-DQ KROGLQJGLVFXVVLRQVZLWKWKH$XVWUDOLDQ8QLYHUVLWLHV&RPPLVVLRQFRQFHUQLQJIDLOXUHUDWHVOLEUDU\ &ROOLHU'HUUDQFH6WHSKHQVRQ-RKQ-HQNLQ5REHUWD0RRUH 6WHHOH $OHF+\VORS0LFKDHO6P\WK IDFLOLWLHVKHDOWKVHUYLFHVVWXGHQWDFFRPPRGDWLRQWKH7HFKQRORJ\FRXUVHDQGWKHQXPEHURIVWXGHQWV 0DULH0F1DOO\DQG

%D\QHV $OO WKUHH ZHUH UHVLGHQWV RI 6W 0DUN¶V &ROOHJH DQG ZHUH DOVR ZULWLQJ IRU The ,,,81,9(56,7sic@GUXGJHU\¶$FRQWULEXWLRQE\µ*LQJH¶WRWKH $XJXVW DQ HGLWRULDO LQ On Dit VWDWHG µ7R RSSRVH WKH UDWLRQDO VWXG\ RI UHOLJLRQ LV WR QH[W LVVXH DJUHHG ZLWK WKH DQDO\VLV DQG RIIHUHG IXUWKHU UHDVRQV IRU WKLV DFDGHPLF DGYRFDWHLJQRUDQFHDQGREVFXUDQWLVPLQDQDUHDRIDFWLYLW\ZKLFKDIIHFWVVRFLHW\DQGPRVWRI SUHGLFDPHQW +HX]HQURHGHU RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG DSSDUHQWO\ VWLOO VPDUWLQJ IURP HDUOLHU LWV PHPEHUV DV SURIRXQGO\ DV DOPRVW DQ\WKLQJ¶ 1XPHURXV UHSRUWV RI UHOLJLRXV HYHQWV GLIILFXOWLHVZLWKWKH65&([HFXWLYHFDOOHGWKHHGLWRULDOµLQVROHQWDQGSUHVXPSWXRXV¶DQGWROG GHEDWHVDQGDUWLFOHVFRQFHUQHGZLWKUHOLJLRXVLVVXHVZULWWHQE\VWXGHQWVPHPEHUVRIVWDIIDQG WKH([HFXWLYHWRVWRSWKHLUµJOXWLQRXVJUDQGLORTXHQFH¶DQGLQVWHDGDWWHQGWRWKHLUUHDOWDVNie HVWDEOLVKHGFOHULFVIRXQGWKHLUZD\LQWROn DitDQGAUM,YDQ6KHDUHUKDVVWDWHG WRVHUYHWKHVWXGHQWV :KDW,UHPHPEHUFOHDUO\LVWKHIHUPHQWRIUHOLJLRXVGHEDWHZLWKLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\LQ ,Q 6HSWHPEHU QRPLQDWLRQV ZHUH FDOOHG IRU WKH HGLWRUV RI On Dit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n DitRIZRXOGEHDµSVHXGRLQWHOOHFWXDO ERUH¶IXOORIµKLJKSODQHVRIWKRXJKW¶DQGWKDWµWKHORZEURZV¶ZRXOGEHGLVDSSRLQWHGHYHQ ,YDQ PLJKW KDYHDWWHQGHG WKH$QJOLFDQ PLVVLRQ FRQGXFWHG E\ 5HY 0LFKDHO )LVKHULQ WKRXJK)LQQLVLQDILWRIµFRQGHVFHQGLQJWROHUDQFH¶KDGSURPLVHGWKDWWKH\ZRXOGEHFDWHUHG ZKRKDVGHVFULEHGKLV$GHODLGHH[SHULHQFHDVIROORZV IRUDVZHOO7KHDFFRXQWZDVKDUGO\REMHFWLYHEXWVXSSRUWIRULWDPRQJVWXGHQWVPLJKWQRW ,¶OOQHYHUIRUJHW$GHODLGH$OPRVWKDOIWKH8QLYHUVLW\FDPHHDFKOXQFKWLPHIRUWKH KDYHEHHQKDUGWRILQG WDONVEXWWKHH[FLWHPHQWKDGEHHQKHLJKWHQHGE\DJURXSRIDJQRVWLFOHFWXUHUVZKR ,W VHHPV VDIH WR DVVXPH WKDW )LQQLV SOD\HG D OHDGLQJ UROH LQ WKH H[HFXWLRQ RI WKH KDGDUUDQJHGDQDQWLVHVVLRQ:KHQ,ILQLVKHGWKH\EHJDQ7KH\KDGWUDQVFULSWVRI HGLWRULDOSROLF\RIWKHSDSHULQ HYHU\WDONDQGWDNLQJDQRWKHUKDOOKDGPHHWLQJVWRUHIXWHWKHP(YHU\RQHSRXUHG LQ , VDZ PRUH VWXGHQWV SULYDWHO\ WKDQ LQ DQ\ RWKHU XQLYHUVLW\ DQG VHYHUDO UHPDLQHG IULHQGV 2QH LV D QRQVWLSHQGLDU\ SULHVW ZRUNLQJ IRU WKH %%& LQ /RQGRQ ,DPJUDWHIXOWR0V0RQLFD6PLWK$UFKLYDO&OHUNRI6W0DUN¶V&ROOHJHIRUKDYLQJPDGHWKLVPDWHULDO $W WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI HDFK \HDU WKH UHOLJLRXV VRFLHWLHV RQ FDPSXV SXEOLVKHG SODQV DQG DYDLODEOH 6HSWHPEHU On Dit SURJUDPV,QWKHILUVWLVVXHRIOn DitWKH$QJOLFDQ6RFLHW\WKH$TXLQDV6RFLHW\DQGWKH 0D\ On Dit -XQH On Dit $WWKHVWXGHQWGLQQHU,EHFDPHWKHYLFWLPRIWKLVNLQGRIWHUPLQRORJ\ DQGZRUVH ZKHQDYHU\ GUXQN7HUU\0F5DHXVHGKLVWRDVWWRWKHVWDIIWRODXQFKDQDWWDFNRQ/DZ6FKRROVWDIIPHPEHUV$VWKH 7KH8QLWLVQRZFDOOHGWKH&HQWUHIRU$XWRPRWLYH6DIHW\5HVHDUFK &$65 ±VHH \RXQJHVWVWDIIPHPEHU,KDGWRUHSO\WRLWEXWZDVXQDEOHWRPDWFKKLPLQFUXGHQHVVDQGLQVROHQFH KWWSFDVUDGHODLGHHGXDXVWDIIMDFNBPFOHDQ! -RKQ%UD\FRQVROHGPHDIWHUZDUGVFRPPHQWLQJWKDWP\UHSO\KDGEHHQµZHOOGRQHLQGLIILFXOW µ,QD6HFXODU8QLYHUVLW\¶ 2FWREHU On Dit0F/HDQDOVRVXSSRUWHGWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW FLUFXPVWDQFHV¶ RIWKHRORJLFDOVWXGLHVLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\WRLPSURYHWKHOHYHORIWKHGHEDWH µ7KLVLVZK\0U(GLWRU¶ -XQH On Dit $XJXVW On Dit µ2XU6DG65&¶ -XO\ On Dit /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK 6HSWHPEHU On Dit 0LFKDHO6FRWWZDVDPDQZLWKPDQ\LQWHUHVWV±+RZHOO3HWHU$µ6FRWW0LFKDHO$UWKXU ± ¶ +HODWHUZRUNHGIRUWKH)DLUID[3UHVV±VHH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL2QB'LW! ADBVHH KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\VFRWWPLFKDHODUWKXU! 2FWREHU On DitDQG )LVKHU0LFKDHOFor the Time Being: A Memoir /HRPLQVWHU(QJODQG*UDFHZLQJ µ'HV>&RRSHU@DQG,ZHUHDOZD\VLQDZHRI-RKQ V³PDVWHUPLQG´¶±:LOO%D\QHV¶VOHWWHUGDWHG 7KHSHUVRQUHIHUUHGWRLV:LOO%D\QHV,DPJUDWHIXOWRKLPIRUKDYLQJGUDZQ)LVKHU¶VERRNWRP\ 6HSWHPEHU DWWHQWLRQ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

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n DitDQGAUM7KH&KULVWLDQFRQFHSWRIWKHUHVXUUHFWLRQRIWKHGHDGDURXVHG SURPLVHGµDGGUHVVHVGLVFXVVLRQVDQGFRQIHUHQFHV¶DQGWKH(YDQJHOLFDO8QLRQµ%LEOHVWXGLHV VSHFLDO LQWHUHVW ,Q 0LFKDHO %UDGOH\ DQ $UWV VWXGHQW DQG ODWHU D OHFWXUHU LQ WKH SUD\HU PHHWLQJV SXEOLF PHHWLQJV KRXVH SDUWLHV etc WR EULQJ WKH &KULVWLDQ IDLWK WR WKH 3KLORVRSK\ 'HSDUWPHQW SXEOLVKHG µ$IWHU GHDWK ± ZKDW"¶ LQ Varsity WKH IRUHUXQQHU RI LQGLYLGXDO¶ AUM+HUHMHFWHGDQXPEHURIDUJXPHQWVRIWHQSXWIRUZDUGWRVXSSRUWWKHYLHZWKDWWKHUHLV 7KH$TXLQDV6RFLHW\ZDVPRUHDFWLYHWKDQWKHRWKHUV7KH6RFLHW\DGYHUWLVHGDODWH OLIHDIWHUGHDWK µWKLVFRPIRUWLQJEHOLHILQWKHPHWDSK\VLFDOYLHZVRIWKH&KULVWLDQFKXUFKHV¶ DIWHUQRRQRSHQLQJ0DVVIROORZHGE\7HDDQGD)UHVKHUV¶'DQFHLQWKHHYHQLQJ7KH5RVDU\ ,QRQH/'$WNLQVRQVXJJHVWHGVDUFDVWLFDOO\WKDWWKHRXWORRNRI'U%LOO\*UDKDP ZKR ZDV WR EH VDLG HDFK GD\ DW PLGGD\ DQG D 0DVV ZDV WR EH KHOG µHDFK ILUVW )ULGD\¶ 7KUHH KDG EHJXQ KLV VXFFHVVIXO $XVWUDOLDQ FUXVDGH WZR PRQWKV HDUOLHU DQG WKDW RI *HRUJH VSHFLDOHYHQWVZHUHSODQQHGDKLNHDQLQIRUPDOGDQFHDW$TXLQDV&ROOHJHDQGRQRQH6XQGD\ $GDPSVNLWKHXIRORJLVWZHUHYHU\VLPLODUIRUµ>E@RWKDZDLWHGDVLJQIURPDQH[WUDWHUUHVWULDO LQ$SULO WKHUH ZDV WR EH D µ'D\ RI 5HFROOHFWLRQ¶ ,Q ZKHQ )LQQLV ZDV LQ KLV VHFRQG EHLQJ¶,Q-XQHRQH$$'DZVRQGHIHQGHGWKHFDVHIRUDJQRVWLFLVPDQGDQQRXQFHGLQ WULPHVWHUWKH6RFLHW\DUUDQJHGDPLVVLRQFRQFHUQHGZLWKµ0RGHUQ(WKLFDO3UREOHPV¶IRUWKH On DitWKDWWKH$JQRVWLFV¶6RFLHW\KDGEHHQUHIRUPHGDQGWKDW3URIHVVRU6PDUWZRXOGJLYHD ZHHNFRPPHQFLQJ0RQGD\-XO\)U.2¶6XOOLYDQ6-//%JDYHDVHULHVRIWDONV OHFWXUHRQWKHVXEMHFWµ,V*RGREVROHWH"¶ WKHHVVHQFHRIZKLFKZDVVXPPDULVHGLQOn DitµKDYLQJILUVWHVWDEOLVKHGWKHH[LVWHQFHRI ,WDSSHDUVWKDWµSDJDQPLVVLRQV¶ZHUHQRWZLWKRXWVRPHVXFFHVV'DYLG+LOOLDUGKDV DQREMHFWLYHPRUDOLW\E\DQH[DPLQDWLRQRIWKHQDWXUHRIPDQ>)U2¶6XOOLYDQ@DSSOLHGWKLVWR VDLG µ>4XLWH D QXPEHU@ RI VWXGHQWV UDLVHG LQ &DWKROLF IDPLOLHV ORVW WKHLU IDLWK DW WKHPRVWZHLJKW\SUREOHPVRIRXUVRFLHW\%LUWKFRQWURO'LYRUFHDQG$ERUWLRQEHLQJREYLRXV XQLYHUVLW\DQGOHIWWKH FKXUFK0DQ\&DWKROLFELVKRSVDQGFOHUJ\VDZWKH XQLYHUVLWLHV DVD DQGKDUPIXOQHJDWLRQVRIWKHSURSHUXVHRIVH[DQGPDUULDJHPXVWLQDOOUHDVRQDEOHQHVVEH GDQJHUWRIDLWK¶2WKHUVUHVLVWHGWKHOXUHRIWKHDWKHLVWFDXVH$FFRUGLQJWR%LOO+ROGVZRUWKD FRQGHPQHG DV PRUDO HYLOV¶ On Dit DOVR UHSRUWHG WKDW WKH PLVVLRQ KDG PHW DQ µREYLRXV ODZJUDGXDWHRIZKRKDGFRQYHUWHGWR&DWKROLFLVPLQ0D\WKHDJQRVWLFDWKHLVW GHPDQGLQWKHLQWHOOHFWXDOFOLPDWHRIRXU8QLYHUVLW\¶WKDWHDFKGD\WKH/DG\6\PRQ+DOOKDG DUJXPHQWV SXW IRUZDUG E\ SHRSOH OLNH 0LFKDHO %UDGOH\ DQG 0D[ 'HXWVFKHU ZHUH µRYHUIORZHGLQWRWKHIR\HU¶DQGWKDWFRSLHVRIHDFKWDONKDGEHHQVROGGXULQJWKHZHHN FRXQWHUSURGXFWLYHLQKLVFDVHµ,EHFDPHLQFUHDVLQJO\LPSUHVVHGZLWK)U'DO\ VGHPROLWLRQ %µPagan secularists¶ RIWKHLUDUJXPHQWV,ZDVFRQILUPHGLQP\EHOLHILQWKHH[LVWHQFHRID'LYLQH%HLQJ¶ 7KHDEVHQFHRID)DFXOW\RI7KHRORJ\ZLWKLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\ZDVDPXFKGHEDWHGWRSLF,Q &Young Finnis and agnosticism $XJXVWWKH5W5HY-RKQ9RFNOHUVXJJHVWHGLQOn DitWKDWDFKDLURIWKHRORJ\VKRXOGEH 'XULQJ -RKQ )LQQLV¶V HDUO\ \HDUV WKH IDPLO\ OLYHG LQ :DONHUYLOOHDQ$GHODLGHVXEXUE+LV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ $GHODLGH SRLQWLQJ RXW WKDW UHOLJLRXV VWXGLHV ZHUH ZHOO HVWDEOLVKHG LQ RWKHU PRWKHU0DUJDUHWKDGEHHQUDLVHGLQWKH3UHVE\WHULDQIDLWKKLVIDWKHU0DXULFH)LQQLVZDVDQ $XVWUDOLDQ XQLYHUVLWLHV µ,ZRXOG DUJXH WKDW LW LV GLVDVWURXV IRU DOO FRQFHUQHG LIHGXFDWLRQ $QJOLFDQ 0DXULFH DQG WKH SULHVW DW 6W $QGUHZ¶V &KXUFK LQ :DONHUYLOOH ZKLFK 0DXULFH SURFHHGVRQWKHDVVXPSWLRQWKDWWKHUHLVQRURRPLQLWVSURFHVVHVIRUWKHRORJ\,WLVHTXDOO\ DWWHQGHGODLGWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRU-RKQ¶VUHOLJLRXVHGXFDWLRQ+HZDVFRQILUPHGLQWKH&KXUFK GLVDVWURXVWKDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\VKRXOGEHYLHZHGE\UHOLJLRXVSHRSOHDVDFDSWLYHPLVVLRQDU\ RI(QJODQGDW6W$QGUHZ¶VDQGZDVDFKRLUER\WKHUHXQWLOKHZDV\HDUVROG$W6W3HWHU¶V WHUULWRU\RFFXSLHGE\SDJDQVHFXODULVWV¶,QGHHGDUHOLJLRXVO\VFHSWLFDOVSLULWSUHYDLOHGLQWKH &ROOHJHKHUHFHLYHGDQ$QJOLFDQUHOLJLRXVHGXFDWLRQZKLFKKHKDVGHVFULEHGDVµKLJKFODVV¶ 3KLORVRSK\ 'HSDUWPHQW XQGHU LWV +HDG 3URIHVVRU -DFN 6PDUW ZKR VRPHWLPHV GHVFULEHG µWKHDGPLUDEOHOD\+HDGPDVWHU&ROLQ*RUGRQSHUVRQDOO\WRRNDJRRGPDQ\RIWKH5(OHVVRQV KLPVHOIDVDµUHOXFWDQWDWKHLVW¶0RVWPHPEHUVRIWKDW'HSDUWPHQWZHUHXQEHOLHYHUV$WOHDVW ZLWKWKHWRSER\VDQGXVHG'RURWK\6D\HUV¶H[FHOOHQWMan Born to be King ZLWKLWVYHU\ HIIHFWLYHLQWURGXFWLRQDERXWWKHDXWKHQWLFLW\DQGSODXVLELOLW\RIWKH*RVSHOV ¶'HVSLWHWKLV 0DUFK On Dit LQWHQVLYH UHOLJLRXV WUDLQLQJ \RXQJ )LQQLV GHYHORSHG DQ LQWHUHVW LQ DJQRVWLF DQG DWKHLVW 7KHSURJUDPIRU+RO\:HHNDQQRXQFHGDPRQWKODWHULQFOXGHGDVSHFLDOFRPPXQLRQDQDQQRXQFHPHQW RIWXWRULDOVRQWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH&KXUFKLQ(QJODQGDQGVRFLDOHYHQWV DGDQFHDQGDEDUEHTXH ± KWWSZZZWKHJXDUGLDQFRPERRNVRFWMMFVPDUW! $SULO On Dit 6SRNHVPHQIRUWKH'HSDUWPHQWKDYHFDOOHGµ0LFKDHO%UDGOH\DµVWLPXODWLQJSUHVHQFH¶IDUEH\RQGKLV ,RZHPXFKRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHUHOLJLRXVRULHQWDWLRQRIVWXGHQWVRIWKHSHULRGDQGDERXWWKH µOLVWRISXEOLFDWLRQVDQGDFDGHPLFUDQN¶± SHUVXDVLYHVWUHQJWKRIWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKWR'U'DYLG+LOOLDUGRI)OLQGHUV8QLYHUVLW\±OHWWHUVGDWHG KWWSERRNVSXEOLVKLQJPRQDVKHGXDSSVERRNZRUPYLHZ$&RPSDQLRQWR3KLORVRSK\LQ$XVWUDO -DQXDU\DQG)HEUXDU\ LDDQG1HZ=HDODQG[KWPOFKDSWHUKWPO! 3HWHU+RZHOONQHZ)U2¶6XOOLYDQDQGKDVFRPPHQWHGDVIROORZV +HKDGDWWHQGHG$GHODLGH%R\V¶+LJKDZHOOUHJDUGHGVWDWHVFKRRO,SHUVRQDOO\IRXQG%UDGOH\¶V µ)U.HYLQ2 6XOOLYDQDVROLFLWRUEHIRUHKHMRLQHGWKH-HVXLWVFDPHWR+REDUWDV'HDQRI6W-RKQ)LVKHU DGYLFHYHU\KHOSIXOZKHQ,WULHGWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQV\OORJLVWLFDQGDQDORJLFDO &ROOHJHDQGDOZD\VSUHDFKHGDWWKH5HG0DVVDWWKHVWDUWRIHDFK\HDU$JUHDWSROHPLFLVWDQGH[SHUWLQ UHDVRQLQJ µDSRORJHWLFV¶KHWRXUHG$XVWUDOLDDGGUHVVLQJPHHWLQJVWRDGYDQFHWKHFDVHIRUVWDWHDLGIRUFKXUFK >@VarsitySDJHV± VFKRROVDQGKDGTXLWHDQLQIOXHQFHLQVKDSLQJP\RZQQRWLRQVRIQDWXUDOODZ¶±/HWWHUGDWHG$SULO µ3OXWR3XOSDQG3XOSLW¶ $SULO On Dit -XQH On Dit $XJXVW On Dit /HWWHUGDWHG0D\ µ:K\1RWD&KDLURI7KHRORJ\"¶ $XJXVW On Dit /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK 6HHWKHRELWXDU\E\-DQH2¶*UDG\LQThe GuardianRI2FWREHU± /HWWHUGDWHG-XO\ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

OLWHUDWXUH$FFRUGLQJWRDQDFFRXQWRIWKLVSHULRGZULWWHQE\)LQQLVKLPVHOIDQGSXEOLVKHGE\ JDYH PXFK DWWHQWLRQ WR +XPH7KHUH DUH QR SXEOLFDWLRQV ZKLFK PLJKW VKHG OLJKW RQ WKLV KLVFORVHDFDGHPLFIULHQGDQGFROODERUDWRULQODWHU\HDUV*HUPDLQ*ULVH])LQQLVµVSHQWKLV LVVXH EXW -RKQ )LQQLV KDV DIILUPHG WKDW KLV IDWKHU¶V IDLWK ZDV JHQXLQH DQG WKDW KH LV YHU\ WHHQDJH \HDUV DV DQ DWKHLVW UHDGHU RI 5DWLRQDOLVW 3UHVV $VVRFLDWLRQ SXEOLFDWLRQV %HUWUDQG XQOLNHO\HYHUWRKDYHEHHQDUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLF 5XVVHOO DQGLQ GXH FRXUVH'DYLG +XPH¶ $V LPSOLHG LQ WKLV SDVVDJH )LQQLVZDV ILQGLQJ 0\IDWKHUZHQWWR $QJOLFDQ &KXUFKWKURXJKRXWP\ER\KRRG,QHYHUVDZDQ\KLQW UHOLJLRXVVFHSWLFLVPPRUHSHUVXDVLYHWKDQWKH&KULVWLDQPHVVDJH RIUHEHOOLRQRUWKRURXJKJRLQJUHMHFWLRQ$VWR+XPHP\JXHVVLVWKDWP\ 3KLORVRSK\ UDQ LQ WKH )LQQLV IDPLO\ ,Q -RKQ 0F.HOODU 6WHZDUW -RKQ¶V IDWKHUUHPDLQHGDQDGPLUHURI3ODWRDQG$ULVWRWOHDJDLQVW+XPHWKURXJKRXWDQGLW PDWHUQDO JUDQGIDWKHU KDG VXFFHHGHG 6LU :LOOLDP 0LWFKHOO DV +XJKHV 3URIHVVRU RI VHHPVFOHDUWRPHWKDWKHZDVGHOLJKWHGZLWKP\DWWDFNRQ+XPHLQ1/15%H\RQG 3KLORVRSK\DW$GHODLGH8QLYHUVLW\DQGKDGUHPDLQHGLQWKDWSRVLWLRQXQWLOKLVUHWLUHPHQWLQ WKDW,FDQQRWVD\DQG,XVHWKHWHUP³JXHVV´DGYLVHGO\)RU,QHYHUDWWHQGHGDQ\RI +HGLHGLQ0DXULFH6WHULFNHU)LQQLV-RKQ¶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¶VSKLORVRSKHUIRUHEHDUVZHUHUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLFVLQWKH+XPHDQ VRQQHYHUGLVFXVVHGSKLORVRSK\GXULQJWKHUHOHYDQWSHULRG WUDGLWLRQDQGWKDW-RKQZDVIROORZLQJLQWKHLUIRRWVWHSV"&RXOGLWEHWKDW0DXULFHZDVMXVW %HIRUH -RKQ 0F.HOODU 6WHZDUW PRYHG WR $GHODLGH KH KDG EHHQ D OHFWXUHU LQ WKH IROORZLQJFRQYHQWLRQDW6W$QGUHZ¶V&KXUFKEXWLQWUXWKVKDUHGWKHFRQYLFWLRQVRIKLVIHOORZ 3KLORVRSK\'HSDUWPHQWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0HOERXUQHWRZKLFKKHKDGEHHQDSSRLQWHGLQ SKLORVRSKHUV LQ WKH 3KLORVRSK\ 'HSDUWPHQW" 0DXULFH KDG UHEHOOHG DJDLQVW WKH KLJK 7KH+HDGRIWKH'HSDUWPHQWZDV3URIHVVRU:5%R\FH*LEVRQ*LEVRQGHYHORSHGDQ $QJOLFDQLVP RI KLV IDWKHU +DG KH JRQH IXUWKHU DQG HPEUDFHG +XPHDQ VFHSWLFLVP" 0\ LQWHQVH LQWHUHVW LQ WKH ZRUN RI (GPXQG +XVVHUO +XVVHUO ZDV RQH RI WKH PRVW SURPLQHQW FROOHDJXH3URIHVVRU*HRIIUH\/LQGHOODWWHQGHG0DXULFH¶VWXWRULDOVDQGUHFDOOVWKDW0DXULFH *HUPDQSKLORVRSKHUVRIWKHILUVWKDOIRIWKHWKFHQWXU\DQGKDGIRXQGHGRUSHUKDSVIXUWKHU GHYHORSHGWKHSKLORVRSKLFDOWKHRU\ NQRZQDV SKHQRPHQRORJ\+DYLQJ VSHQWVRPHWLPHLQ 8QWLO*HUPDLQ*ULVH]ZDVWKH0RVW5HY+DUU\-)O\QQ3URIHVVRURI&KULVWLDQ(WKLFVDW0RXQW )UHLEXUJ ZRUNLQJ ZLWK +XVVHUO *LEVRQ SXEOLVKHG D WUDQVODWHG YHUVLRQ RI RQH RI +XVVHUO¶V 6DLQW0DU\¶V8QLYHUVLW\LQ(PPLWVEXUJ0DU\ODQG PRVW LPSRUWDQW ERRNV +XVVHUO¶V SUHIDFH WR *LEVRQ¶V (QJOLVK YHUVLRQ RI WKH ERRN VWDWHV 7KLVDFFRXQWRI)LQQLV¶VOLIHPD\EHIRXQGLQ*ULVH]*HUPDLQThe Way of the Lord Jesus± KWWSZZZWZRWOMRUJ)LQQLVKWPO! inter alia 6HH6PDUW--&µ6WHZDUW-RKQ0F.HOODU ± ¶ADBVHH± KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\VWHZDUWMRKQPFNHOODU!0\DFFRXQWRI6WHZDUW¶VOLIHDQG >3@KHQRPHQRORJLFDO SV\FKRORJ\ TXLWH DSDUW IURP LWV QDPH WDNHV XV EDFN FDUHHULVIXUWKHUEDVHGRQ(0RUULV0LOOHUµ0F.HOODU6WHZDUW$&RQWHPSRUDU\¶V$SSUHFLDWLRQ¶ QDWXUDOO\WR-RKQ/RFNHDQGWRKLVVFKRROLQFOXGLQJ-RKQ6WXDUW0LOO2QHFDQWKHQ Australasian Journal of Philosophy±DQGRQ0LWFKHOO:LOOLDPµ3URIHVVRU0F.HOODU VD\ WKDW 'DYLG +XPH¶V 7UHDWLVH JLYHV WKH ILUVW V\VWHPDWLF VNHWFK RI D SXUH 6WHZDUWDVD3KLORVRSKHU¶ The University of Adelaide Gazette±UHSULQWHGLQSDUWLQ SKHQRPHQRORJ\ZKLFKWKRXJKXQGHUWKHQDPHRISV\FKRORJ\DWWHPSWVWRVXSSO\D Australasian Journal of Philosophy± 6HH(GJHORH9$µ0LWFKHOO6LU:LOOLDP ± ¶ADBVHH SKLORVRSKLFDOWUDQVFHQGHQWDOSKLORVRSK\ KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\PLWFKHOOVLUZLOOLDP! 6LU:LOOLDPKDGKHOGWKH+XJKHV3URIHVVRUVKLSIURPXQWLO:KHQKHZDVDSSRLQWHGWKH &KDLUZDVFDOOHGWKH+XJKHV&KDLURI(QJOLVKODQJXDJHDQGOLWHUDWXUHDQGPHQWDODQGPRUDO SKLORVRSK\%\WKHWLWOHKDGFKDQJHGWR+XJKHV&KDLURIPHQWDODQGPRUDOSKLORVRSK\±VHH /LQGHOOVWUHVVHGSDUWLFXODUO\WKDWKHRZHVKLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKH,V2XJKWLVVXH ie+XPH¶VLQVLVWHQFH +DUYH\1LFN)RUQDVLHUR-HDQ0F&DUWK\*UHJ0DFLQW\UH&OHP&URVVLQ&DUO HGV A History of WKDWµDQµRXJKW¶FDQQRWEHGHULYHGIURPDQµLV¶ WR0DXULFH)LQQLV6HH6D\UH0F&RUG*HRII the Faculty of Arts at the University of Adelaide 1876-2012 8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH3UHVV µ0HWDHWKLFV¶ FRS\ULJKW Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy± 6WHZDUW¶VPRVWVXEVWDQWLDOZRUNLVA Critical Exposition of Bergson's Philosophy QGHG/RQGRQ KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGXHQWULHVPHWDHWKLFV,V22SH4XH$UJ!SDUWLFXODUO\VHFWLRQµ,V2XJKWDQGWKH 0DFPLOODQ >SDJHV@7KHUHDUHQXPHURXVFRQWULEXWLRQVLQWKHAustralasian Journal of 2SHQ4XHVWLRQ$UJXPHQW¶ Psychology and PhilosophySXEOLVKHGIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJRIDVAustralasian Journal of /HWWHUGDWHG-XO\ Philosophy6WHZDUW¶VZRUNRQ1LHW]VFKHVKRZVKLVFORVHLQWHUHVWLQDQGIDPLOLDULW\ZLWK*HUPDQ 6HH:$0µ2ELWXDU\:LOOLDP5DOSK%R\FH*LEVRQ¶ Australasian Journal of SKLORVRSKHUVRIWKHWKDQGHDUO\WKFHQWXU\±VHH6WHZDUW-RKQ0F.HOODUµ1LHW]VFKHDQGWKH Psychology and Philosophy± 3UHVHQW*HUPDQ6SLULW¶LQUniversity of Melbourne War Lectures no 5 0HOERXUQH*HRUJH5REHUWVRQ 6HH%H\HU&KULVWLDQµ(GPXQG+XVVHUO¶ FRS\ULJKW Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy± ±7KHUHLVDOVRDWHQSDJHSDPSKOHWHQWLWOHGThe Policy of the Free Hand in Education KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGXHQWULHVKXVVHUO!%HFDXVHWKH+XVVHUOVZHUHRI-HZLVKH[WUDFWLRQ(GPXQG¶V $GHODLGH+XQNLQ(OOLVDQG.LQJ >$GGUHVVWRDQQXDOFRQIHUHQFHRIWKH6RXWK$XVWUDOLDQ3XEOLF VRQ*HUKDUWIOHGWRWKH86$ZKHUHKHEHFDPHDODZSURIHVVRU:KHQ,ZDVDVWXGHQWLQ&RORJQHLQWKH 7HDFKHUV 8QLRQ6HSWHPEHU@ HDUO\VKHKDGUHWXUQHGWR*HUPDQ\DQG,DWWHQGHGVRPHRIKLVOHFWXUHV+HWULHGZLWKRXWVXFFHVV 0DXULFH¶VIDWKHU&DQRQ+RUDFH3HUF\)LQQLVZDVDFOHUJ\PDQRIPRGHUDWHWRKLJK$QJOLFDQLVPDQ WRSHUVXDGHKLV*HUPDQFROOHDJXHVWRDGRSWWKH$PHULFDQFDVHPHWKRGRILQVWUXFWLRQ H[FHOOHQWSLDQLVWDQGIRUDWLPH%LVKRS¶V9LFDU3UHFHQWRUDQG2UJDQLVWRI6W3HWHU V&DWKHGUDO±'DYLG +XVVHUO(GPXQGIdeas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology /RQGRQ$OOHQ 8QZLQ +LOOLDUG¶VOHWWHUGDWHG)HEUXDU\6HHDOVR+LOOLDUG'DYLGGodliness and Good Order: A WUDQVODWHGE\:5%R\FH*LEVRQ History of the Anglican Church in South Australia $GHODLGH:DNHILHOG ,ELGS[OY /HWWHUGDWHG)HEUXDU\ 7KHUHIHUHQFHLVWR+XPH¶VA Treatise of Human Nature The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

/LNH *LEVRQ 6WHZDUW HQJDJHG LQ LQWHQVH VWXG\ RI +XVVHUO¶V ERRN SXEOLVKHG WZR UHYLHZ MRXUQDO *LEVRQ VWDWHG µ2XU IDLWK RXU VHQVH RI VSLULWXDO UHDOLW\ LV QRW FRQWHQW WR GHILQH DUWLFOHVLQWKHAustralasian Journal of Psychology and PhilosophyDQGGHFLGHGWREURDGHQ LWVHOILPDJLQDWLYHO\LQWKHOLWHUDU\IRUPRIOHJHQGDQGSDUDEOHEXWZLOOVHHNVRRQHURUODWHUD WKHLU VFRSH DQG WXUQ WKHP LQWR D ERRN 7KH OLQN EHWZHHQ +XVVHUO¶V WKHRU\ DQG WKH PRUHGHILQLWHO\SKLORVRSKLFDOH[SUHVVLRQ¶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µ)RUWKH UHOLJLRQLQSKLORVRSK\RIWKHSHULRG,QKHSXEOLVKHGThe Idea of God in the Light of ODVWWLPHKHFDOOHGRQPHKHVSRNHRIVRPHOHFWXUHVLQZKLFK+XVVHUOUHODWHVKLVGRFWULQHWR Recent Philosophy EDVHG RQ 7KH *LIIRUG /HFWXUHV KH KDG GHOLYHUHG LQ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI WKDW RI +XPH ,W ZDV WR +XPH WKDW 6WHZDUW WKRXJKW HYHU\RQH VKRXOG UHODWH KLPVHOI LI KH $EHUGHHQLQDQG ZRXOG NQRZ WKH UHDVRQ WKDW LV ZRUNLQJ ZLWKLQ KLP¶6WHZDUW¶V LQWHUHVW LQ +XPH UDLVHV WKH ,W VHHPV WKDW 6WHZDUW GLG QRW VKDUH VXFK YLHZV IRU RQO\ YHU\ IHZ UHOLJLRXV TXHVWLRQZKHWKHUKHVKDUHG+XPH¶VVFHSWLFLVPLQUHOLJLRXVPDWWHUV FRQVLGHUDWLRQVFDQEHIRXQGLQKLVSXEOLVKHGSKLORVRSKLFDOZRUNDQGRQHZRQGHUVZKHWKHUKH 7KHDQVZHUDSSHDUVWREHµQR¶IRU6WHZDUWZDVDFRPPLWWHG3UHVE\WHULDQWKURXJKRXW WKRXJKWWKDWUHOLJLRQKDGQRSODFHLQSKLORVRSK\,IVRKHFRXOGEHGHVFULEHGDVDUHOLJLRXV KLVOLIH:KLOHKHZDVDVFKRROWHDFKHULQ:DUUQDPERROLQ9LFWRULDKHUHFHLYHGLQVWUXFWLRQDW VFHSWLFLQDVSHFLDODQGYHU\QDUURZVHQVH/LNH*LEVRQ%HUJVRQVDZLQWXLWLRQDVDZD\RI 6W -RKQ¶V 3UHVE\WHULDQ &KXUFK DQG FRPSOHWHG KLV WUDLQLQJ IRU WKH 3UHVE\WHULDQ PLQLVWU\ LQ JDLQLQJ LQVLJKW LQWR PDWWHUV ZKLFK ZHUH EH\RQG EHLQJ XQGHUVWRRGE\PHDQVRIKXPDQ 0HOERXUQHLQ,QWKHIROORZLQJ\HDUKHEHFDPHDQ$VVLVWDQW0LQLVWHU WLWOHGµ5HYHUHQG¶ LQWHOOLJHQFHieE\DSSOLFDWLRQRIWKHPHWKRGVRIVFLHQFH%DVLQJKLPVHOIRQ,PPDQXHO.DQW¶V DW6FRWV¶&KXUFK0HOERXUQH+HGHYHORSHGDQLQWHUHVWLQSKLORVRSK\DVDQ$UWVVWXGHQWDW DQDO\VLVRIDQWLQRPLHV6WHZDUWVDZ%HUJVRQ¶VYLHZDVDQDWWHPSWWRUDWLRQDOLVHWKLQJVZKLFK 0HOERXUQH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZKHUH KH KDG HQUROOHG WR IXUWKHU KLV WKHRORJLFDO FDUHHU ,Q KH DUHXQUHVROYDEOHP\VWHULHV JUDGXDWHG ZLWK ILUVW FODVV KRQRXUV DQG ZDV DZDUGHG WKH +DVWLH6FKRODUVKLS )URP WR $V RQH ZRXOG H[SHFW WKHUH LV WKH RFFDVLRQDO UHIHUHQFH WR KLV IDLWK LQ 6WHZDUW¶V KH VWXGLHG LQ (GLQEXUJK ZLWK$QGUHZ 6HWK 3ULQJOH3DWWLQVRQ JDLQLQJ D 3K' ZLWK D SXEOLVKHGZRUN VWXG\ RI %HUJVRQ ZKLFK ZDV SXEOLVKHG DV D ERRN :KLOH LQ (GLQEXUJK KH PRYHG LQ 7KHUHisRQO\RQHWUXWKDVWKHUHLVRQO\RQHUHDOLW\7KHRQHUHDOLW\LV*RGDQGWKH WKHRORJLFDOFLUFOHV$IWHUKLVUHWXUQWR$XVWUDOLDKHVWLOODFFHSWHGSUHDFKLQJHQJDJHPHQWV+LV RQHSHUIHFWURXQGHGRIIWUXWKLV+LVEXWZHPD\FRQILGHQWO\DELGHE\WKHIDLWK DSSRLQWPHQWWRDOHFWXUHVKLSLQSKLORVRSK\LQZDVQRWLQGLFDWLYHRIDORVVRIIDLWKIRUKH +LVNQRZOHGJHWKRXJKLW³WUDQVFHQGV´RXUVLVQRWRIVXFKDNLQGDVWRH[FOXGHLW FRQWLQXHGWKURXJKRXWKLVOLIHWRWDNHDQDFWLYHLQWHUHVWLQWKH6WXGHQW&KULVWLDQ0RYHPHQW EXWWRFDWFKLWXSLQDQLQILQLWHO\ZLGHUYLVLRQ ,QRQO\WZR\HDUVEHIRUHKLVGHDWKKHGHGLFDWHGDPHPRULDOZLQGRZDWWKH6W3HWHU V +RZHYHUWKHKXPDQPLQGZLOOQRWSDUWDNHRIVXFKDZLGHUYLVLRQE\LQWXLWLRQ 3UHVE\WHULDQ&KXUFKDW(OOHUVOLH1HZ=HDODQG,WIROORZVWKDWLQDSULYDWHFDSDFLW\DWDQ\ 7KHLQWXLWLRQPXVWVXEPLWLWVHOILQWKHODVWUHVRUWWRLQWHOOLJHQFHWREH³SXWWRWKH UDWHKHZDVUHOLJLRXVO\FRPPLWWHGUDWKHUWKDQDUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLF SURRI´DQGWKHKDUPRQ\RIRXUWKRXJKWFDQEHVHFXUHGRQO\ZKHQLWLVUDWLRQDOL]HG ,Q6WHZDUW¶VGD\UHIOHFWLRQVDERXWUHOLJLRXVPDWWHUVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDOHJLWLPDWHDQG WKURXJKDQGWKURXJK7KHSRHWWKHDUWLVWWKHVHHUDUHWKHPHQZKRPRUHWKDQ LPSRUWDQWFRQFHUQRISKLORVRSKHUV,Q*LEVRQKDGSXEOLVKHGDERRNDERXWWKH*HUPDQ WKHSURIHVVLRQDOSKLORVRSKHUVKDYHSUHVHUYHGDOLYHWKHLQPRVWVRXORIKXPDQLW\DQG SKLORVRSKHU5XGROI(XFNHQDOHDGLQJDXWKRULW\RQHWKLFVDQGUHOLJLRQ3KLORVRSKHUVRIWKH WKHLUZRUNPD\EHDGGUHVVHGSULPDULO\WRWKHKHDUWEXWLWLVDOZD\VWRWKHKHDUWRID SHULRGWHQGHGWRDGPLUHWKHDFKLHYHPHQWVRIVFLHQFHEXWWKRXJKWWKDWPDQ¶VLQWXLWLYHSRZHUV UDWLRQDO EHLQJ DQG WKH XOWLPDWH EDU DW ZKLFKSKLORVRSK\ SRHWU\ DUW PRUDOLW\DQG RSHQHG WKH ZD\ WR EURDGHU LQVLJKWV LQFOXGLQJ UHOLJLRXV LQVLJKWV :ULWLQJ LQ D UHOLJLRXV UHOLJLRQPXVWVWDQGZKHQWKHLUWUXWKLVWREHMXGJHGRILVUHDVRQ 6WHZDUW¶VFROOHDJXHDQGIULHQG(0RUULV0LOOHUKDVH[SODLQHG6WHZDUW¶VRXWORRNµ:HDUH µ+XVVHUO¶V3KHQRPHQRORJ\ , ¶ Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy± QRW SURYLGHG ZLWK WKRXJKW LQVWUXPHQWV VXIILFLHQWO\ SHQHWUDWLQJ WR EULQJ WKH XQLYHUVH LQWR µ+XVVHUO¶V3KHQRPHQRORJLFDO0HWKRG ,, Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy± DQ\WKLQJOLNHDFRPSOHWHVXEMHFWLRQWRRXUWKLQNLQJ¶ 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ZKHQWKHPDQXVFULSWZDVQHDUO\ILQLVKHGLWSHULVKHGLQDKRXVHILUHLQ±6PDUW 6WHZDUWDERYHQ7KHHYHQWLVDOVRUHODWHGE\0LWFKHOOLQGazetteDERYHQ µ)URP6FLHQFHWR5HOLJLRQ¶ ;9,, Hibbert Journal± 6DQGRZVN\/RXLV1µ+XPHDQG+XVVHUO±WKH3UREOHPRIWKH&RQWLQXLW\RU7HPSRUDOL]DWLRQRI :KHQDVNHGZKDWKHWKRXJKWWREHWKHPRVWIXQGDPHQWDOSUREOHPLQSKLORVRSK\+XVVHUOLVVXSSRVHGWR &RQVFLRXVQHVV¶ International Philosophical Quarterly,VVXHIRUDUHYLVHGYHUVLRQ KDYHUHSOLHGµ7KHSUREOHPRI*RGRIFRXUVH¶±'XSUp/RXLVµ+XVVHUO¶V7KRXJKWRQ*RGDQG)DLWK¶ VHH KWWSFDIHGLIIHUDQFHFRPELEOLR6DQGRZVN\+XPH+XVVHUOSGI! Philosophy and Phenomenological Research± 0LWFKHOOLQAustralasian JournalDERYHQ 6HWK3ULQJOH3DWWLQVRQ$QGUHZThe Idea of God in the Light of Recent Philosophy 2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ 6WHZDUWBergsonDERYHQ 3UHVV 6HHWKHUHYLHZE\(UQHVW$OEHHRI&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\LQ Philosophical µ,QWKH6WXGHQW&KULVWLDQ0RYHPHQWKHJDYHYHQWWRKLVUHOLJLRXVSULQFLSOHVWKRXJKQHYHUVWHUHRW\SHG Review± LQRUWKRGR[\¶(0RUULV0LOOHUDERYHQDQG $ERYHQ %R\FH*LEVRQ:LOOLDP5DOSKRudolf Eucken's Philosophy of Life /RQGRQ$GDPDQG&KDUOHV%ODFN 6WHZDUWBergsonDERYHQ 6HHWKHUHYLHZE\5DOSK%DUWRQ3HUU\LQ Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and ,ELGDQG Scientific Method±VHHDOVRWKHHQWU\RQ5XGROI&KULVWRI(XFNHQLQWKHEncyclopedia Britannica (0RUULV0LOOHUDERYHQ6HHDOVRWKHUHYLHZE\5LFKDUG6PLWKLQ International ± KWWSZZZEULWDQQLFDFRPELRJUDSK\5XGROI&KULVWRSK(XFNHQ! Journal of Ethics The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

/DWHU SXEOLFDWLRQV DOVR VKRZ DQ DSSDUHQW UHOXFWDQFH LI QRW UHIXVDO WR FDOO LQ DLG UHMHFWHG VXFK D YLHZ ,Q KH KDG GHFODUHG 1LHW]VFKH¶V FRQGHPQDWLRQ RI WKH &KULVWLDQ WUDQVFHQGHQWDODQGUHOLJLRXVFRQVLGHUDWLRQVWRDLGSKLORVRSKLFDODQDO\VLV,QWKHPLGWZHQWLHV HWKLFµVXSUHPHHJRWLVPERUGHULQJRQLQVDQLW\¶DQGKDGFDOOHGWKDWHWKLFµWKHDFFHSWHGODZV 6WHZDUW ZURWH DQ H[WHQVLYH UHYLHZ RI D YHU\ LQIOXHQWLDO ZRUN RQ VRFLDO SV\FKRORJ\ E\ RIWKHPRUDOOLIH¶+RZHYHUWR6WHZDUW0F'RXJDOO¶VUHOLDQFHRQWKH-XGHR&KULVWLDQHWKLF :LOOLDP0F'RXJDOOZKLFKGHDOVZLWKKXPDQLQVWLQFWV VKDUHGZLWKDQLPDOV DQGWKHZD\ VLPSO\ VKRZHG WKDW 0F'RXJDOO KDG IDLOHG µWR JUDVS WKH QDWXUH RI WKH XQLYHUVDO¶ 6WHZDUW LQ ZKLFK PRUDO FRQVWUDLQWV GHYHORS DQG FXUE SXUHO\ LQVWLQFWXDO FRQGXFW +LV FULWLFDO UHJDUGVWKHSRZHURIWKHLQGLYLGXDOWRGHYHORSHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVDVWKHµXQLYHUVDOIDFWRULQWKH DVVHVVPHQWRI0F'RXJDOO¶VZRUNSUHVHQWHG6WHZDUWZLWKDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRGHYHORSKLVRZQ PRUDOVHOIDQGWKURXJK PRUDOVHOYHVLQVRFLDOZKROHV¶ ,, ,WLVVRLWVHHPVWKHRQH WKHRU\DERXWWKHEDVLVXSRQZKLFKPRUDOLW\GHYHORSV IDFWRUZKLFKHQDEOHVLQGLYLGXDOVDQGJURXSVWRGHYHORSV\VWHPVRIHWKLFV6WHZDUWLGHQWLILHV 0F'RXJDOOVR6WHZDUWVXJJHVWHGVHHVWKHVRFLDOVHWWLQJµWKHWUDGLWLRQVLQVWLWXWLRQV WKLVIDFWRUEXWPDNHVQRDWWHPSWWRH[SODLQLWVRULJLQ3HUKDSVWKHDQVZHULVWREHIRXQGLQRQH DQGUXOHVRIFRQGXFWRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶VVRFLDOFLUFOH WKHµJDOOHU\¶ ¶DVWKHPRXOGLQJLQIOXHQFH RIWKHWZRTXRWHVIURP0F'RXJDOO¶VERRNZLWKZKLFK6WHZDUWFRPPHQFHVKLVLQYHVWLJDWLRQ ZLWKZKLFKWKHLQGLYLGXDOLGHQWLILHVDQGZKLFKEHFRPHSDUWRIDVHQVHRILGHQWLW\SURYLGLQJ , µ,WLVSRVVLEOHWRH[KLELWKXPDQYROLWLRQRIWKHKLJKHVWPRUDOW\SHDVEXWDPRUH WKH QHFHVVDU\ HWKLFDO LPSXOVHV WKH µVHQWLPHQWV¶ ZKLFK UHVWUDLQ EDVLF LQVWLQFWV 7KHUH DUH FRPSOH[FRQMXQFWLRQRIWKHPHQWDOIRUFHVZKLFKZHPD\WUDFHLQWKHHYROXWLRQDU\VFDOHIDU LQGLYLGXDOVZKRUHMHFWPHVVDJHVVHQWE\WKHLUVRFLDOVHWWLQJDQGGHYHORSWKHLURZQVHQVHRI EDFN LQWR WKH DQLPDO NLQJGRP¶ 7KDW FRXOG EH WDNHQ WR LPSO\ WKDW LPSXOVHV ZKLFK HQDEOH ULJKW DQG ZURQJ 0F'RXJDOO¶V VROXWLRQ WR WKLV SUREOHP LV WR UHJDUG VXFK SHUVRQV DV EHLQJ SHRSOHWROLYHKDUPRQLRXVO\LQVRFLHW\E\FXUELQJLQVWLQFWXDOFRQGXFWKDYHWKHVDPHRULJLQDV JXLGHGE\VRPHRWKHUJURXSRUSHUVRQVXFKDVµKLVSDUWLFXODUVRFLDOKHURRUVHOHFWJURXSRI GRWKHEDVLFLQVWLQFWVWKHPVHOYHV6WHZDUW¶VUHIOHFWLRQVVHHPWRSRLQWWRDELRORJLFDOUDWKHU KHURHVLWPD\EHKLVGHDGPRWKHURUKLVEHVWIULHQGLWPD\EHZKDWKHEHOLHYHVWREHWKH WKDQ D VSLULWXDO RULJLQ RI WKLV µSRZHU¶ SRVVHVVHG E\ HYHU\ LQGLYLGXDO 2QH LV UHPLQGHG RI JURXSFRQVLVWLQJRIWKHEHVWPHQRIDOODJHVLWPD\EHWKH&KULVWLDQVDLQWVRULWPD\EH*RG¶ $ULVWRWOH¶VIDPRXVVWDWHPHQWWKDWPDQLVDµVRFLDODQLPDO¶ ,, 7KHUHLVRQO\RQHSXEOLFDWLRQE\6WHZDUWZKLFKGHDOVZLWKUHOLJLRXVPDWWHUVDEULHI 6WHZDUW SURQRXQFHG WKLV DFFRXQW WR EH µUDGLFDOO\ GHIHFWLYH¶ IRU LW RPLWV IURP WKH UHYLHZ RI D ERRN ZKLFK DVVHUWV WKDW LQWHOOHFW ZLOO DQG IHHOLQJ KDYH SDUDOOHOV LQ 6RQ +RO\ HVVHQWLDODQDO\VLVDVKHVD\VµRQHHVVHQWLDOFRQGLWLRQRIVHOIKRRG¶ ,, 7KHUHLVLQHDFK 6SLULWDQG)DWKHU WKH7ULQLW\ ,QWKHZRUGVRI6WHZDUWµWKHWKRXJKWWKDWHPHUJHVLVWKDW LQGLYLGXDOµDSRZHUJLYLQJELUWKWRWHQGHQFLHVZKLFKUHVWUDLQWKLVRUWKDWLQVWLQFWLYHLPSXOVHD PDQEHDUVLQKLVQDWXUDOFRQVWLWXWLRQWKHLPDJHRIDWUDQVFHQGHQW7ULQLW\¶6WHZDUWLGHQWLILHV SRZHU ZKLFK SHUPHDWHV WUDQVILJXUHV DQG KDUPRQLVHV VXFK LPSXOVHV DQG GHVLUHV¶ ,W LV ZLWKWKRVHZKRµILQGOLWWOHWRDZDNHQHQWKXVLDVPLQWKHWUDGLWLRQDOGRFWULQHRIWKH7ULQLW\¶+H µFRQVWLWXWLYHRIWKHPRUDOVHOI¶DQGµWUDQVODWHGE\WKRXJKWLQWRSULQFLSOHV¶DWUDQVODWLRQZKLFK QHYHUWKHOHVVFRPPHQGVWKHDXWKRUIRUKLVµDWWHPSWWRWUDFHKXPDQH[SHULHQFHWRLWVURRWV¶DQG LVQHFHVVDU\IRUWKHµHIIHFWLYHFRQWURODQGUHJXODWLRQRIFRQGXFW¶ ,, ,QLWVLQWHUDFWLRQ DFNQRZOHGJHVWKDWµWKHSV\FKRORJLFDODQGPHWDSK\VLFDOGLVFXVVLRQV PRYHRQDKLJKOHYHO¶ ZLWKRWKHUVWKLVSRZHUSRVVHVVHGE\HDFKSHUVRQµOHDSVRYHUWKHERXQGDULHVZKLFKVHSDUDWH 7KHUHYLHZGRHVOLWWOHWRGLVSHOWKHLPSUHVVLRQWKDW6WHZDUWKDVQRWLPHIRUPL[LQJUHOLJLRXV VHOI IURP VHOI¶ DQG LV µWUDQVODWHG LQWR µVRFLDO KDELWV UXOHV RI FRQGXFW LQVWLWXWLRQV VRFLDO ZLWKSKLORVRSKLFDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQV WUDGLWLRQV¶ ZKLFK µFRQVWLWXWH WKH VRFLDO HQYLURQPHQW RI WKH LQGLYLGXDO¶ ,, 7KH VRFLDO -RKQ 0F.HOODU 6WHZDUW GLHG ZKHQ -RKQ ZDV RQO\ \HDUV ROG VR D SKLORVRSKLFDO FLUFOHZKLFKVXUURXQGVWKHLQGLYLGXDOPXVWQRWEHDEVWUDFWHGDQGVHHQDVDWKLQJZLWKDOLIHRI LQIOXHQFH DW OHDVW E\ PHDQV RI GLUHFW FRQYHUVDWLRQ LV LQKHUHQWO\ XQOLNHO\ -RKQ )LQQLV KDV LWV RZQ µWKHVH VWUXFWXUHV KDYH WKHLU UHDOLW\ RQO\ DV WKH\ DUH VXVWDLQHG E\ WKH WKRXJKW PDGHLWFOHDUWKDWWKHLQWHUHVWLQUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLFLVPZKLFKKHEHJDQWRGHYHORSDWVFKRRODQG HQWKXVLDVP DQG HIIRUW RI LQGLYLGXDO SHUVRQV¶ ,, 1RW HYHU\ LQGLYLGXDO LV DQ DFWLYH WR ZKLFK KH JDYH H[SUHVVLRQ LQ KLV VWXGHQW SXEOLFDWLRQV ZDV LQ QR ZD\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ KLV SDUWLFLSDQW IRU WKHUH DUH WKRVH ZKR µXQUHIOHFWLYHO\¶ IROORZ H[LVWLQJ UXOHV RI FRQGXFW WKXV PDWHUQDO JUDQGIDWKHU µ, DP FHUWDLQ KH >KLV JUDQGIDWKHU@ QHYHU GLVFXVVHG +XPH LQ P\ DWWDLQLQJµDIRUPRIPRUDOOLIH¶ ,, +RZHYHUVR6WHZDUWREVHUYHVRSWLPLVWLFDOO\VXFKDQ KHDULQJRUVDLGDQ\WKLQJLQP\KHDULQJWKDWVXJJHVWHGVFHSWLFLVP¶ µLQVHQVLEOH¶UHVSRQVHWRH[LVWLQJHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQVE\DQLQGLYLGXDOµSUHSDUHV $WVFKRROWKHUHZRXOGKDYHEHHQGDLO\SUD\HUVDQGUHJXODUFKDSHOZRUVKLS5HJXODU KLPIRUWKHZHOFRPHRIWKHLGHDOZKHQODWHULWVKDOOGHILQHLWVHOILQUHIOHFWLYHFRQVFLRXVQHVV¶ UHOLJLRXVREVHUYDQFHVZHUHDOVRWKHUXOHDWWKH$QJOLFDQ6W0DUN¶V&ROOHJHZKHUH-RKQZDVD ,, 0F'RXJDOO KDG WUHDWHG WKH -XGHR&KULVWLDQ HWKLF DV DQ RXWVWDQGLQJ LQVWDQFH RI D WKRVHQHDUHVWXVWRWKHZHOIDUHRIWKRVHZKRDUHIXUWKHUIURPXVWKDWZHUHJDUGDOOPHQDVFUHDWHG HTXDODQGDVRIHTXDOYDOXHWKDWHYHU\PDQVKDOOEHWUHDWHGRQO\DVDQHQGLQKLPVHOIDQGQHYHUDVD µXQLYHUVDO LQGLYLGXDOLVW HWKLFV¶ DQG RQH PXVW ZRQGHU ZK\ 6WHZDUW D FRPPLWWHG &KULVWLDQ PHDQVWKDWDOOPHQKDYHDQHTXDOVKDUHWRDOOWKDWLVZRUWKKDYLQJ¶ ,, $FFRUGLQJWR6WHZDUW1LHW]VFKHKDGVWDWHGµ,FRQGHPQ&KULVWLDQLW\,FDOOLWWKHRQHJUHDWFXUVHWKH RQHJUHDWLQWULQVLFGHSUDYLW\WKHRQHJUHDWLQVWLQFWRIUHYHQJHIRUZKLFKQRH[SHGLHQWLVVXIILFLHQWO\ 0F'RXJDOO:LOOLDPAn Introduction to Social Psychology /RQGRQ0HWKXHQ 7KHWK SRLVRQRXVVHFUHWVXEWHUUDQHDQmean,FDOOLWWKHRQHLPPRUWDOEOHPLVKRQPDQNLQG¶±6WHZDUW-RKQ HGLWLRQSXEOLVKHGLQLVDFFHVVLEOHLQWKHLQWHUQHW±VHH 0F.HOODUµ1LHW]VFKHDQGWKH3UHVHQW*HUPDQ6SLULW¶LQUniversity of Melbourne War Lectures no. 5 KWWSVRFVHUYVRFVFLPFPDVWHUFDHFRQXJFPOOPFGRXJDOOVRFLDOSV\FKSGI! 0HOERXUQH*HRUJH5REHUWVRQ 6WHZDUW-RKQ0F.HOODUµ7KH%DVLVRI0RUDOLW\¶ Australasian Journal of Psychology and ,ELG Philosophy±DQGµ7KH%DVLVRI0RUDOLW\ ,, ¶ Australasian Journal of Psychology 7KHOLVWSURYLGHGE\0F'RXJDOOLQFOXGHVWKHSDUHQWDORUSURWHFWLYHDQGWKHJUHJDULRXVLQVWLQFWVWKH and Philosophy±,QZKDWIROORZVUHIHUHQFHVWRWKHVHDUWLFOHV ZKLFKLQFOXGHPDQ\TXRWDWLRQV PDWLQJLQVWLQFWDQGWKHLQVWLQFWRIVXEPLVVLRQ ,, IURP0F'RXJDOO¶VERRN ZLOOEHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWKHWH[W Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy )ROORZLQJ0F'RXJDOO6WHZDUWVXPPHGXSWKHHVVHQFHRIWKLVHWKLFDVIROORZVµ7KDWZHDOZD\VWXUQ +XEHUW0)RVWRQMan and the Image of God /RQGRQ0DFPLOODQ WKHRWKHUFKHHNWRWKHVPLWHUWKDWZHDOZD\VDQGHYHU\ZKHUHVXERUGLQDWHRXURZQZHOIDUHDQGWKDWRI /HWWHUGDWHG-XO\ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

UHVLGHQWGXULQJKLVXQLYHUVLW\\HDUV7KHDIRUHPHQWLRQHG'HV&RRSHURQHRI)LQQLV¶VIHOORZ IRUDORQJDQGXQEURNHQWUDGLWLRQDVWURQJRUJDQLVDWLRQDOVWUXFWXUHDFRKHUHQWYLHZRIWKH UHVLGHQWVDW6W0DUN¶VUHDFWHGDGYHUVHO\WRZKDWKHPXVWKDYHSHUFHLYHGDVXQGXHUHOLJLRXV ZRUOG¶ ,YDQ 6KHDUHU KDV VWDWHG µ$W WKH HPRWLRQDO OHYHO , ZDV JUHDWO\ PRYHG E\ WKH SUHVVXUH$V:LOO%D\QHVDQRWKHUUHVLGHQWWKHUHKDVVWDWHGµ'HVZDVDQDJQRVWLFPD\EH XQLYHUVDOLW\RIWKH&KXUFKWKDWLWH[LVWHGLQYLUWXDOO\HYHU\FRXQWU\DQGZDVQRWDEUDQFKRU JRLQJRQDWKHLVWKHPDQLIHVWHGWKLVE\LUUHJXODUDWWHQGDQFHDWWKHPDQGDWRU\6XQGD\PRUQLQJ QDWLRQDOFKXUFKOLNHWKDWRI&DQWHUEXU\¶7KH&DWKROLF&KXUFKGHULYHGLWVELEOLFDOOHJLWLPDF\ &ROOHJHVHUYLFHKHOGLQWKHFKRLURI6W3HWHU V&DWKHGUDO±DQGSD\LQJWKHFDVKILQHZKHQKH IURP0DWWKHZ-HVXVLVWKHUHUHSRUWHGDVKDYLQJVDLG UHVSRQGLQJWRKLVGLVFLSOH3HWHU GLGQRWDWWHQG¶ µ$QG,VD\DOVRXQWRWKHH7KDWWKRXDUW3HWHUDQGXSRQWKLVURFN,ZLOOEXLOGP\FKXUFK¶,Q )LQQLV¶VHDUO\LQWHUHVWLQSKLORVRSK\ZDVKDUGO\VXUSULVLQJDQGWKHWXUQLWWRRNWRZDUGV WKHZRUGVRI'DYLG+LOOLDUGµ2QHRIWKHDWWUDFWLRQVRIWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF&KXUFKEHIRUH DJQRVWLFLIQRWDWKHLVWSKLORVRSK\PLJKWKDYHEHHQKLVUHDFWLRQWRWKHULFKQHVVRIWKHUHOLJLRXV WKHVZDVLWVFODLPWKDWLWZDVWKHRQHWUXHFKXUFKIRXQGHGE\-HVXV&KULVWDQGWKLVZDV IDUHKHZDVPDGHWRHQMR\DW6W3HWHU¶V&ROOHJH+LVDUULYDOLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\LQERRVWHG VKRZQ E\ LWV XQEURNHQ KLVWRU\ VLQFH WKH ILUVW FHQWXU\ ± RWKHU &KULVWLDQ ERGLHV ZHUH WKHUDQNVRIWKHDJQRVWLFVDQGDWKHLVWV EUHDNDZD\V¶ µ8SRQWKLV5RFN¶ZDVWKHWKHPHRIDPLVVLRQKHOGIURPWR$SULOXQGHUWKH ,9&219(56,21672&$7+2/,&,60620(&$86(6 $QXPEHURIIRUPHUVWXGHQWVKDYHNLQGO\JLYHQPHDFFRXQWVRIWKHLUH[SHULHQFHVZKHQWKH\ DXVSLFHVRIWKH$TXLQDV6RFLHW\ $QOn DitHGLWRULDOSURPLVHGVWXGHQWVµRQHRIWKHPRVW FRQYHUWHGWRWKH&DWKROLFIDLWK3HUVRQDOFLUFXPVWDQFHVDQGPRWLYHVZHUHGLIIHUHQWLQHYHU\ GLVWXUELQJ WKRXJKWSURYRNLQJ SHULRGV LQ WKHLU OLYHV¶ 7KH PDLQ VSHDNHU ZDV )U FRQYHUVLRQFDVH+RZHYHUWKHSUHRFFXSDWLRQZLWKUHOLJLRQRIWKHVWXGHQWSRSXODWLRQZDVVWLOO +$-RKQVWRQH6-ZKRDGGUHVVHGWKHTXHVWLRQinter aliaµZKDWLWPHDQVWREHDPHPEHURI DQ LPSRUWDQW LQIOXHQFH LI QRW D QHFHVVDU\ SUHFRQGLWLRQ +DG WKHVH \RXQJ PHQ DQG ZRPHQ WKH WUXH &KXUFK¶ 2Q WZR HYHQLQJV WKH KLJKO\ UHVSHFWHG &DWKROLF SKLORVRSKHU 'U0D[ EHHQ FKLOGUHQ RI WKH 6RYLHW Nomenklatura MRLQLQJ WKH FOHUJ\ RI WKH 5XVVLDQ 2UWKRGR[ &KDUOHVZRUWKDGGHGWR)U-RKQVWRQH¶VPHVVDJHE\GLVFXVVLQJµ3KLORVRSK\DQG*RG¶ 7KH-HVXLW)DWKHUVDW$TXLQDV&ROOHJHZHUHYHU\HIIHFWLYHVSRNHVPHQIRUWKH&DWKROLF &KXUFK FRUUXSWHG E\ 6WDOLQ ZRXOG QRW KDYH EHHQ DQ RSWLRQ 7KH\ PLJKW KDYH ZRQGHUHG FDXVH)U%HQHGLFW+HQVOH\23 WKHODZVWXGHQW-RKQ+HQVOH\ZKRFRQYHUWHGWR&DWKROLFLVP ZKHWKHU WR FRQWLQXH ZLWK TXDVLUHOLJLRXV FRPPXQLVP RU VZLWFK WR D PDUNHW HFRQRP\7KH LQ$XJXVW KDVVDLG DFFRXQWV RI WKHLU FRQYHUVLRQV JLYHQ WR PH E\ D QXPEHU RI VWXGHQW FRQYHUWV UHYHDO WKH µ7KH-HVXLW)UV6FRWW HVSHFLDOO\ *UHHQHDQG'DO\SUHVHQWHGD LPSRUWDQFHRIDQXPEHURISRVVLEOHFDXVHV PRVW DWWUDFWLYH IDFH RI WKH &KXUFK¶ )U 6FRWW ZDV DQ LPSUHVVLYH PDQ ZLWK LQWHUHVWV LQ PDWKHPDWLFVSKLORVRSK\UHOLJLRXVDUWDQGFKXUFKDUFKLWHFWXUH,QWKHZRUGVRI3HWHU+RZHOO $Literature KHKDGDµILQHVHQVHRIKXPRXUDQGµIRUPLGDEOHFKDUP¶DQGFRXOGPL[LQDQ\FRPSDQ\¶ )RUHPRVWDPRQJWKHOLWHUDWXUHZKLFKLQIOXHQFHGWKHVWXGHQWVZKRGHFLGHGWRFRQYHUWZHUHWKH 7KHDJQRVWLFVWXGHQW DQGODWHUOHFWXUHU -HII6FRWWZDVQRPDWFKIRUKLP,YDQ6KHDUHUKDV ZRUNVRI-RKQ+HQU\1HZPDQApologia pro Vita Sua A Grammar of Assent H[SODLQHG WKDW LW ZDV WKH GHEDWHV EHWZHHQ )U 6FRWW DQG -HII 6FRWW ZKLFK HQDEOHG KLP WR DQGSDUWLFXODUO\An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (QJOLVKZULWHUV XQGHUVWDQGWKHVWUHQJWKRIWKH&DWKROLFSRVLWLRQ ZKRH[HUWHGVRPHLQIOXHQFHZHUH(YHO\Q:DXJK76(OLRW*HUDOG0DQOH\+RSNLQV*UDKDP )U7KRPDV9LQFHQW'DO\6-DQHQJLQHHULQJJUDGXDWHZDVQROHVVSHUVXDVLYHWKDQ)U *UHHQH+LODLUH%HOORFDQG*.&KHVWHUWRQ7KH$PHULFDQ7KRPDV0HUWRQDWWUDFWHGDWWHQWLRQ 6FRWW+HZDVRQHRIWKHOHDGLQJ$XVWUDOLDQH[SRQHQWVRIWKHZRUNRIWKH&DQDGLDQ&DWKROLF DQGVRGLGVRPH)UHQFKDXWKRUV SKLORVRSKHU%HUQDUG/RQHUJDQ6-,QRQHRIWKH&DWKROLFVWXGHQWV)LQQLVPHWWROGKLP ,Q )LQQLV¶V FDVH WKH ZRUNV RI 'HQLV -RKQ %HUQDUG +DZNLQV ZLWK WKHLU FULWLFDO DERXW )U 'DO\¶V HQWKXVLDVP IRU /RQHUJDQ DQG KH WKXV EHFDPH LQWHUHVWHG LQ /RQHUJDQ¶V DFFRXQWV RI /RFNH %HUNHOH\ DQG +XPH ZHUH DQ LQIOXHQFH >The Criticism of Experience SKLORVRSK\ZKLFKZDVWRSOD\DPDMRUUROHLQKLVFRQYHUVLRQ)U3HWHU*UHHQ6-D7DVPDQLDQ The Philosophy of Cause.Causality and Implication Approach to Philosophy The Essentials of Theism @ 1R ERRN ZDV PRUH LPSRUWDQW WR )LQQLV WKDQ /RQHUJDQ¶V Insight. A Study of Human Understanding %Appeals to the emotions /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK /HWWHUGDWHG)HEUXDU\ The attractive face of the Catholic Church 0DUFK On Dit &ROLQ1HWWHOEHFNZKRZDVUHFHLYHGLQWRWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKLQ-XQHKDVH[SODLQHGWKH ,ELG DWWUDFWLRQRI&DWKROLFLVPµ$WDWLPHZKHQUHOLJLRXVGLVFXVVLRQVZHUHSDUWDQGSDUFHORI /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK +RZHOO3$µ6FRWW0LFKDHO$UWKXU ± ¶ADBVHH KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\VFRWW HYHU\GD\OLIH&DWKROLFLVPGLGVHHPWRPHWRKDYHDFOHDUDQGODUJHO\XQLILHGYRLFHDFODLP PLFKDHODUWKXUWH[W! )RU)U6FRWW¶VYLHZVRQµ7KH3UREOHPVRI(YLO¶JLYHQWKHnihil obstatDQGLPSULPDWXUE\WKH'LRFHVDQ /HWWHUGDWHG6HSWHPEHU &HQVRUDFWLQJXQGHUWKHDXWKRULW\RI$UFKELVKRS0DQQL[RQ-XQH±VHH +LVFRPPLWPHQWWRWKHFDXVHRIUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLFLVPLVDSSDUHQWIURPVRPHRIWKRVHRIKLV KWWSZZZHFDWKROLFFRPFWVXQWLWOHGVKWPO!DQG KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\VFRWW FRQWULEXWLRQVWRVWXGHQWSXEOLFDWLRQVZKLFKSUHFHGHGKLVFRQYHUVLRQWRWKH&DWKROLFIDLWKLQ±VHH PLFKDHODUWKXU! EHORZ3DUW,,,, 6HHWKHRELWXDU\IRU)U'DO\SXEOLVKHGE\WKH/RQHUJDQ5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH± /RQHUJDQ%HUQDUG-)Insight. A Study of Human Understanding /RQGRQ1<7RURQWR/RQJPDQV KWWSZZZORQHUJDQUHVHDUFKRUJQHZVULSWKRPDVYLQFHQWGDO\VM!)RUDHXORJ\KHOGDWD *UHHQDQG&R 0HPRULDO0DVVIRU)U'DO\ZKRGLHGRQ-XQHVHH KWWSZZZORQHUJDQUHVHDUFKRUJQHZVULS /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK WKRPDVYLQFHQWGDO\VM! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

JUDGXDWH LQ VFLHQFH DQG HQJLQHHULQJ ZDV RUGDLQHG LQ VSHQW VRPH WLPH DW $TXLQDV 2¶&RQQHOO¶V FRPPLWPHQW WR KLV &DWKROLF IDLWK ZDV REYLRXV IURP KLV OHFWXUHV LQ &ROOHJHDQGUHWXUQHGWR7DVPDQLDLQWREHFRPH&KDSODLQWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\WKHUH -XULVSUXGHQFH DQG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DZ , GRXEW ZKHWKHU WKLV KDG DQ\ LPSDFW RQ )LQQLV¶V 1RW RQO\ WKH DJQRVWLFV EXW DOVR WKH$QJOLFDQV 0HWKRGLVWV DQG WKH RWKHU SURWHVWDQW GHFLVLRQWRFRQYHUWIRUKH)LQQLVVHHPVWRKDYHWUDYHOOHGDORQHO\URDG,YDQ6KHDUHUKDV FKXUFKHVZHUHRXWIODQNHGE\WKH-HVXLW)DWKHUVIURP$TXLQDV&ROOHJH/LWWOHZRQGHUWKDWWZR PDGH LW FOHDU WKDW KH ZDV LQIOXHQFHG E\ 2¶&RQQHOO µLQ KLV MXULVSUXGHQFH OHFWXUHV KH VHOIFRQIHVVHGXQEHOLHYHUV3HWHU7LYRUDQG%UXFH5HLGKDYLQJVXUYH\HGWKHUHOLJLRXVVFHQH LQWURGXFHG XV WR QDWXUDO ODZ WKHRU\ 2¶&RQQHOO DOVR UHSUHVHQWHG D ILJXUH ZKRVH HYLGHQW LQOn DitFRQFOXGHGµ$SHUVRQPXVWEHHLWKHU L D&DWKROLFRU LL DQXQEHOLHYHU¶ FRPPLWPHQWWRKLVIDLWKFRPPDQGHGDFHUWDLQGHJUHHRIZRQGHUDQGUHVSHFW¶7KHUHPD\KDYH EHHQRWKHUVZKRZHUHVLPLODUO\DIIHFWHG Friendshipsand acquaintanceships 6WXGHQWVLQWKH)DFXOW\RI$UWVZHUHSHUKDSVHYHQPRUHLQWHUHVWHGLQUHOLJLRXVLVVXHV ,YDQ6KHDUHUKDVVWUHVVHGWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIKLVFORVH&DWKROLFIULHQGVWRKLVRZQFRQYHUVLRQ µ, EHFDPH LQWHUHVWHG LQ 5RPDQ &DWKROLFLVP SDUWO\ EHFDXVH PRVW RI P\ IULHQGV DW WKDQZHUHODZRUVFLHQFHVWXGHQWVDQLQWHUHVWZKLFKFHUWDLQO\H[WHQGHGWRZULWHUVZKRZHUH 8QLYHUVLW\KDSSHQHGWREH&DWKROLFV'DYLG.HOO\*HUYDVH&ROHVDQGKLVEURWKHU+LODU\DQG &DWKROLFRULQWHUHVWHGLQ&DWKROLFLVP$V1HWWHOEHFNKDVH[SODLQHG µ7KH$UWVVWXGHQWVDW $GHODLGHZHUHYHU\PXFKSOXJJHGLQWRWKHGHEDWHVRYHURUGHUDQGGLVRUGHUDQGWKHUHZDVD +HOHQ%DUGROSK¶ ORWRIUHDGLQJJRLQJRQ 76(OLRWZDVRQHRIRXUNH\SRHWVDVZDV*0DQOH\+RSNLQV DQG )LQQLVDOVRKDGDFLUFOHDURXQGKLPZKLFKVHHPVWRKDYHDULVHQWKURXJKKLVYDULRXV SKLORVRSKLFDOWKHRORJLFDO GLVFXVVLRQ¶,I WKHUH ZHUH PDQ\ VWDII PHPEHUV ZLWK DQWL&DWKROLF H[WUDFXUULFXODUDFWLYLWLHV5HOLJLRXVO\LWZDVPXFKPRUHPL[HGWKDQ6KHDUHU¶V'HV&RRSHULQ DWWLWXGHV 3URIHVVRU %ULDQ &RJKODQ WKH +HDG RI WKH *HUPDQ 'HSDUWPHQW ZDV QRW RQH RI KLV VHFRQG \HDU ZKHQ )LQQLV ZDV D IUHVKHU ODWHU EHFDPH D PXFK DGPLUHG 3URIHVVRU RI WKHP $ UHYLHZHU RI &RJKODQ¶V ERRN RQ +XJR YRQ +RIPDQQVWKDO *HQHWLFVDW0DFTXDULH8QLYHUVLW\+HDQG)LQQLVZHUHWKHFRDXWKRUVRI)LQQLV¶VILUVWOn Dit KDV VXJJHVWHG WKDW DUWLFOH DQG FRHGLWRUV RI On Dit LQ 7KH\ ZHUH ERWK UHVLGHQWV RI 6W 0DUNV &ROOHJH &RJKODQWHQGHGWRH[DJJHUDWH+RIPDQQVWKDO¶V&DWKROLFLVP )U%HQ+HQVOH\FRQVLGHUVWKDW &RRSHU ZDV DQ DJQRVWLF LI QRW DQ DWKHLVW )LQQLV IRUJHG D FORVH DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK $OHF &RJKODQLQIOXHQFHGDQXPEHURIVWXGHQWVZKRFRQYHUWHGWR&DWKROLFLVP$PRQJWKHVHZHUH +\VORS ODWHU $VVRFLDWH 3URIHVVRU RI 3KLORVRSK\ DW /D 7UREH 8QLYHUVLW\ WKURXJK WKHLU +DQV 6DVVH $UWV VRQ RI +HUPDQQ 6DVVH 0DUJDUHW 0DJRU $UWV DQG .HYLQ 0DJDUH\ FRPPRQGHEDWLQJDFWLYLWLHV+HDOVRFRQYHUWHGWR&DWKROLFLVPEXWODWHUOHIWWKH&KXUFKDJDLQ $UWV 7KHUH ZDV DOVR +HOHQ 1RUWKH\ D VFLHQFH VWXGHQW ZKR ODWHU EHFDPH D 'RPLQLFDQ 0LFKDHO 6P\WK WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH 65& LQ DQG OLNH )LQQLV D 5KRGHV 6FKRODU 6LVWHU ,I RQH DGGV WR WKHVH WKH FRQYHUWV ZKR FDPH IURP WKH /DZ 6FKRRO 6KHDUHU %LOO ]RRORJ\ ZDV D PHPEHU RI WKLV FLUFOH +H UHPDLQHG DQ DJQRVWLF RU DWKHLVW XQWLO KLV HDUO\ +ROGVZRUWKDQG%HQ+HQVOH\ DQGWKRVHIURPWKH)LQQLVFLUFOH )LQQLVDQGKLVIULHQGV&ROLQ GHDWKIURPFDQFHUDWDJH&ROLQ1HWWHOEHFNODWHU3URIHVVRURI)UHQFKDW0RQDVKDQGWKHQ 1HWWHOEHFNDQG$OHF+\VORS DQGUHPHPEHUVWKDWWKHUHPXVWKDYHEHHQPRUHOHVVSURPLQHQW 0HOERXUQH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZDV D FORVH IULHQG 7KH\ PHW ZKHQ WKH\ ZHUH ERWK GRLQJ PLOLWDU\ RQHVRQHDUULYHVDWDVLJQLILFDQWQXPEHU VHUYLFH 7KH &DWKROLF &KXUFK UHPDLQHG 1HWWHOEHFN¶V VSLULWXDO KRPH :LOO%D\QHVZDVD The underdog syndrome FDQGLGDWH IRU +RO\ 2UGHUV RI WKH$QJOLFDQ 'LRFHVH RI$GHODLGH $QRWKHU PHPEHU RI WKLV 7KH \RXQJ WHQG WR IDYRXU WKH XQGHUGRJ 7KH $QJOLFDQ UHOLJLRQ ZDV WKH PRVW GRPLQDQW JURXS ZDV 0DULH 0F1DOO\ D GLVWLQJXLVKHG VFKRODU RI (QJOLVK /LWHUDWXUH ZKRP )LQQLV WKURXJKRXWWKHKLVWRU\RI6RXWK$XVWUDOLD7KH0HWKRGLVWVZHUHSHUKDSVVHFRQGLQVWUHQJWK PDUULHGLQ-XQH%RWKZHUHPHPEHUVRIWKH65&([HFXWLYHLQ1HWWHOEHFNDOVR DQGLQIOXHQFH&DWKROLFLVPZLWKLWV,ULVKXQGHUWRQHVZDVQRWUHJDUGHGZLWKPXFKIDYRXUE\ PHQWLRQHG)U0LFKDHO6FRWWDVµDNH\ILJXUHLQWKHPL[¶ WKHDGKHUHQWVWRWKHVHWZRGHQRPLQDWLRQV2QHRIP\FRUUHVSRQGHQWVZKHQH[SODLQLQJWKH UHDVRQV IRU KHU FRQYHUVLRQ IURP $QJOLFDQLVP WR &DWKROLFLVP KDV VWDWHG µ7KH DQWL Catholic members of staff &DWKROLFLVPRI$QJOLFDQVDQGRWKHUVUHSHOOHGPHDQGVHHPHGXQUHDVRQDEOHWRR¶&RPPHQWV 2QHRIWKHSURPLQHQW&DWKROLFOD\PHQLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\ZDV3URIHVVRU'32¶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ofmannsthal's Festival Dramas: Jedermann, Das Salzburger groȕe Welttheater, der Turm 0HOERXUQH083 µ,QOLQHZLWKKLVHYLGHQWDWWHPSWWRHPSKDVL]H+RIPDQQVWKDO V&DWKROLFWUDLWV&RJKODQKHUHDJDLQ 3HWHU+RZHOO¶VOHWWHUGDWHG$SULO SHUVRQDOUHFROOHFWLRQV )U*UHHQGLHGLQ-XO\±VHH QHJOHFWVLPSRUWDQWDXWRELRJUDSKLFDODQGVHOIFRQIHVVLRQDODVSHFWVZKLFKZRXOGKDYHVKRZQWKHEDVLF KWWSZZZWVYFDWKROLFRUJDXSULHVWVELRJUDSKLFDOIDWKHUBSHWHUBJUHHQBVMSKS! FRQWLQXLW\RI+RIPDQQVWKDO VWRWDOSURGXFWLRQ¶±1RUWRQ5RJHU&µ+RIPDQQVWKDO V)HVWLYDO'UDPDV¶ 0D\ On Dit Journal of English and Germanic Philology± /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK+HOHQ%DUGROSKEHFDPH'DYLG.HOO\¶VZLIH +HUPDQQ6DVVHZDVDZHOONQRZQ/XWKHUDQWKHRORJLDQDQGDIULHQGRI'LHWULFK%RQKRHIIHU±6FKLOG :LOO%D\QHV¶VOHWWHUGDWHG6HSWHPEHU 0DXULFHµ6DVVH+HUPDQQ2WWR(ULFK ± ¶ADBVHH KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\VDVVH /HWWHUGDWHG)HEUXDU\ KHUPDQQRWWRHULFK! 7KH\KDYHWKUHHGDXJKWHUVWKUHHVRQVDQGWZHOYHJUDQGFKLOGUHQ /HWWHUGDWHG)HEUXDU\ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

5RPDQ&DWKROLFLVPLQDOPRVWHYHU\(QJOLVKVSHDNLQJFRXQWU\XQWLOWKHVZDVD ZKHQ WKH\ IDFHG VWURQJ IDPLO\ RSSRVLWLRQ WR WKHLU PRYH ,W VHHPV OLNHO\ WKDW WKH\ ZHUH GLVWLQFWVXEFXOWXUH,GRQ WWKLQNWKHDWPRVSKHUHRI6RXWK$XVWUDOLDZDVSDUWLFXODUO\ UHOLJLRXVO\FRPPLWWHGEHIRUHWKHLUWUDQVLWLRQ µDQWL&DWKROLF¶±FHUWDLQO\QRWPRUHWKDQ6\GQH\DQG0HOERXUQH±EXWFHUWDLQO\WKHUH ZDV D VHQVH WKDW &DWKROLFV ZHUH GLIIHUHQW ZLWK WKHLU VWULFW UXOHV DQG WKHLU RZQ %John Finnis: a special case VFKRROV DQG&DWKROLFVLQWXUQIHOWWKHPVHOYHVWREHGLIIHUHQW±RXWVLGHWKHGRPLQDQW )LQQLV¶VFDVHLVGLIIHUHQWIURPHDFKRIWKHVHRWKHUVLIRQO\EHFDXVHKHPRYHGIURPXQEHOLHI $QJOLFDQ0HWKRGLVWHOLWH WR&DWKROLFLVP)DPRXVKLVWRULFDOILJXUHVOLNH6W3DXORU%ODLVH3DVFDOWKHWKFHQWXU\ 7KHUHLVQRWUDFHRIWKHXQGHUGRJV\QGURPHLQDQ\RIWKHUHVSRQVHV,KDYHUHFHLYHGVR,DP SKLORVRSKHU ZHUH OHG IURP XQEHOLHI WR WKH &KULVWLDQ IDLWK E\ WKH NLQG RI VXGGHQ DQG LQFOLQHGWRGLVPLVVWKLVDVDUHOHYDQWIDFWRU SURIRXQGVSLULWXDODZDNHQLQJZKLFK3DVFDOKDVGHVFULEHG µ)URPDERXWKDOISDVWWHQLQWKH HYHQLQJXQWLODERXWKDOISDVWWZHOYH),5(±*RGRI$EUDKDP*RGRI,VDDF*RGRI-DFRE 9620(3(5621$/6725,(6 QRWRIWKHSKLORVRSKHUVDQGVFKRODUV&HUWLWXGHFHUWLWXGH+HDUWIHOWMR\SHDFH*RGRI-HVXV $ FKDQJH LQ UHOLJLRXV RULHQWDWLRQ FDQ EH D SURIRXQG DQG OLIHFKDQJLQJ H[SHULHQFH 7KH &KULVW0\*RGDQGWK\*RG7K\*RGVKDOOEHP\*RG¶)LQQLV¶VFRQYHUVLRQZDVQRWVXFKD SHUVRQDO DFFRXQWV JHQHURXVO\ JLYHQ WR PH VKRZ WKDW XVXDOO\ LQWHOOHFWXDO DQG HPRWLRQDO VXGGHQDQGYLROHQWXSKHDYDOZKLFKZRXOGKDYHEXULHGKLVDJQRVWLFFRQYLFWLRQV,QIDFWKHKDV IDFWRUVFRPELQHWREULQJDERXWVXFKDPRYHEXWWKHUHLVDOVRDQHOHPHQWRIP\VWHU\,IRQH WROGPHWKDWKHKDVQHYHUKDGDµUHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFH¶ FRXOGIXOO\XQGHUVWDQGLWZHPLJKWDOOEHEHOLHYHUV,DPYHU\JUDWHIXOIRUWKHVHDFFRXQWV Finnis’s path to the Catholic faith SDUWLFXODUO\IRU-RKQ)LQQLV¶VZKLFKKDVVRPHVSHFLDOIHDWXUHV )LQQLVKDVJLYHQXVDFOHDUSLFWXUHRIKLVLQWHOOHFWXDOMRXUQH\WR&DWKROLFLVPZKLFKEHJDQZLWK $Changing allegiance GRXEWVKHIHOWDERXW+XPHDQHPSLULFLVPWRZKLFKKHKDGKLWKHUWREHHQFRPPLWWHG,QHDUO\ &ROLQ 1HWWHOEHFN ZKR ZDV UHFHLYHG LQWR WKH &DWKROLF &KXUFK RQ -XQH ZDV DQ RU PLG KH WRRN WKHVH GRXEWV WR6SHQFHU'XQNHUOH\ WKH KLJK$QJOLFDQ FKDSODLQRI 6W $QJOLFDQDQGµODSVHG¶LQKLVPLGWHHQVEXWDVKHVDLGµ,GRQ¶WWKLQN,HYHUEHFDPHDUHDOQRQ 0DUNV&ROOHJH'XQNHUOH\JDYHKLPERRNVE\DQ(QJOLVK&DWKROLF3ULHVW'HQLV-RKQ%HUQDUG EHOLHYHU¶ +HVRXJKWLQVWUXFWLRQIURP)U6FRWWDW$TXLQDV&ROOHJHLQDQG+LV +DZNLQVZKLFKFRQWDLQHGFULWLFDODFFRXQWVRI/RFNH%HUNHOH\DQG+XPH+HIRXQGWKHVH UHDVRQV ZHUH XQLYHUVLW\ IULHQGVKLSV ZLWK YDULRXV &DWKROLFV FHUWDLQ DVSHFWV RI KLV )UHQFK XVHIXOEXWQRWVXIILFLHQW7KHEUHDNZLWKKLVHDUOLHUSKLORVRSKLFDORULHQWDWLRQZDVDFKLHYHG VWXGLHV FRXUVH UHDGLQJ SRHPV E\ 76 (OLRW DQG *HUDUG 0DQOH\ +RSNLQV WKH Spiritual ZKHQKHUHDGInsight. A Study of Human UnderstandingDERRNE\WKH&DQDGLDQ&DWKROLF Exercises RI 6DLQW ,JQDWLXV DQG WKH IDPRXV )UHQFK ILOP Diary of a Country Priest ZKLFK SKLORVRSKHU%HUQDUG/RQHUJDQ WRXFKHG KLP µLQ D WUXO\ WUDQVIRUPDWLYH ZD\¶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¶VGHPRQVWUDWLRQRIWKHVWUHQJWK REVHUYHVXQGHUVWDQGVDQGMXGJHVEXWKHIDQFLHVWKDWZKDWKHNQRZVLQMXGJPHQWLV RIWKH&DWKROLFSRVLWLRQDQGE\KLVFORVH&DWKROLFIULHQGV+HZDVUHFHLYHGLQWRWKH&DWKROLF QRW NQRZQ LQ MXGJPHQW DQG GRHV QRW VXSSRVH DQ H[HUFLVH RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ EXW &KXUFKDW(DVWHU VLPSO\LVDWWDLQHGE\WDNLQJDJRRGORRNDWWKH³UHDO´WKDWLV³DOUHDG\RXWWKHUHQRZ´ %LOO+ROGVZRUWKZKRZDVUHFHLYHGLQWRWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKRQ0DUFKZDV (PSLULFLVP WKHQ LV D EXQGOH RI EOXQGHUV DQG LWV KLVWRU\ LV WKHLU VXFFHVVLYH µDUHDVRQDEO\GHYRXW$QJOLFDQ¶/LVWHQLQJWR)U'DO\¶VDUJXPHQWVFRQILUPHGKLVEHOLHILQWKH FODULILFDWLRQ H[LVWHQFH RI D 'LYLQH %HLQJ +H UHDG &DWKROLF OLWHUDWXUH DQG DFFHSWHG WKDW WKH &DWKROLF /HWWHUVGDWHGDQG0DUFKDQG-XQH &KXUFKFRXOGSURYHLWVSURYHQDQFHDVWRLWV)RXQGHU+HWKLQNVWKDW*RG V*UDFHKHOSHGWR $VDQXQEHOLHYHUKHLVXQOLNHO\WRKDYHIHOWZKDW,VDLDK%HUOLQKDVFDOOHGWKHµ3URWHVWDQWQRVWDOJLDIRU PDNHKLVWUDQVLWLRQHDV\DQGSDLQOHVV WKH&DWKROLF&KXUFK¶%HUOLQKDVDWWULEXWHGWKLVVWDWHPHQWWRWKH*HUPDQSRHW-RVHSK)UHLKHUUYRQ -RKQ +HQVOH\ FDPH IURP D FRPPLWWHG 0HWKRGLVW IDPLO\ DQG ZDV UHFHLYHG LQWR WKH (LFKHQGRUII±%HUOLQ,VDLDKThe Roots of Romanticism 3ULQFHWRQ1-3ULQFHWRQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV &DWKROLF&KXUFKLQWKH$TXLQDV&ROOHJHFKDSHORQ$XJXVW+HKDVH[SODLQHGWKDWKH 7KHUHDUHQXPHURXV(LFKHQGRUIIVWDWHPHQWVDERXWQRVWDOJLD Sehnsucht LQLQWHUQHWVRXUFHV \HW,KDYHQRWEHHQDEOHWRYHULI\%HUOLQ¶VDVFULSWLRQ ZDVLQVSLUHGE\WKHFRXUDJHGLVSOD\HGE\0DUJDUHW0DJRU+HOHQ1RUWKH\DQG+DQV6DVVH 7KH$FWVRIWKH$SRVWOHV± )RUDEULHIELRJUDSK\VHH KWWSVZZZEULWDQQLFDFRPELRJUDSK\%ODLVH3DVFDO! /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK 7KLVHYHQWLVVXSSRVHGWRKDYHRFFXUUHGRQWKH)HDVWRI6W&OHPHQW 0RQGD\1RYHPEHU ± /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK VHH7VDPLV:LOOLDP-µ%ODLVH3DVFDO±)DLWKDQG5HDVRQ¶LQFidei Defensor± KWWSILGHL /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK)URPP\UXPSXVURRPRIXVHOHVVUHFROOHFWLRQVFRPHVWKLVVWRU\'DQ GHIHQVRUEORJVSRWFRPDXEODLVHSDVFDOKWPO!7KHWUDQVODWLRQLQWR(QJOLVKLVSUHVXPDEO\E\ 2¶&RQQHOOKDGDVNHGKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOODZVWXGHQWVWRZULWHWRODZIDFXOWLHVLQRWKHUFRXQWULHVWR 7VDPLV HQTXLUHKRZWUHDWLHVZHUHWUDQVODWHGLQWRGRPHVWLFODZ+ROGVZRUWKZURWHWRRQHRIWKH,WDOLDQIDFXOWLHV µ,ZDVWKHQDQGKDYHUHPDLQHGWRWDOO\DYHUVHWRDOODSSHDOVWR³UHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFH´,¶YHQHYHUKDG +HSURPSWO\UHFHLYHGDUHSO\LQWKHPRVWUHVSHFWIXOWHUPVWKH)DFXOW\KDGHVWDEOLVKHGDVXEFRPPLWWHH DQ\¶±/HWWHUGDWHG-XO\,FRQIHVVWKDW,IRXQGWKLVFRPPHQWVXUSULVLQJ WRH[DPLQHWKHPDWWHURXUKXPEOHVWXGHQWKDGEHHQPLVWDNHQIRU6LU:LOOLDP6HDUOH+ROGVZRUWK /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK VRPHWLPH9LQHULDQ3URIHVVRURI(QJOLVK/DZDW2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\ZKRKDGGLHGLQ /RQHUJDQDERYHQ± The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

+HGHYHORSHGZKDWKDVEHHQFDOOHGDJHQHUDOLVHGHPSLULFDOPHWKRG *(0 ZKLFKLQFOXGHV +HZDVQRWVZHSWXSLQDZDYHRIVWXGHQWFRQYHUVLRQV+HQHYHUSHUFHLYHGWKHLQVWDQFHV, µFRQFHSWXDO FRQWHQW SURGXFHG LQ WKH LQWHOOHFW E\ WKH XQFRQVFLRXV FRRSHUDWLRQ RI WKH KDYHPHQWLRQHGDVVXFK$IWHUDOOPRVWRIWKRVHLQWKH$UWV)DFXOW\KDGRFFXUUHGEHIRUHKH LQWHOOHFWLYH DQG WKH LPDJLQDWLYH SRZHUV RI WKH VRXO¶ DQG PXFK PRUH 7KH HPSLULFLVW HQWHUHG WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ DQG KH ZDV SUREDEO\ XQDZDUH RI WKH FRQYHUVLRQV RI 6KHDUHU DQG SKLORVRSKHUV RI WKH PLGWZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\ KDG WULHG WR FRQVLJQ DOO RI PHWDSK\VLFV DV +ROGVZRUWK ZKLFK RFFXUUHG ZKHQ )LQQLV ZDV VWLOO ILQGLQJ KLV IHHW LQ KLV VHFRQG \HDU7KH GHYHORSHGRYHUWKHFHQWXULHVDQGDOOUHOLJLRXVIDLWKWRWKHGXVWELQLI/RQHUJDQZDVULJKWDOO H[DPSOHVHWE\WKHLPSUHVVLYH)U0LFKDHO6FRWWZDVQRWDVLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFHIRU)LQQLVKDG RUPXFKRIWKDWFDPHIORRGLQJEDFN$QµREVFXUHLQWXLWLRQRI*RG¶DFFRUGLQJWR/RQHUJDQ DOUHDG\GHFLGHGWKDWµ&DWKROLFLVPZDVYHU\SUREDEO\WUXH¶ZKHQKHILUVWVSRNHWRKLP LVDVPXFKDGDWXPSRWHQWLDOO\SURGXFWLYHRILQVLJKWDVDUHRUGLQDU\VHQVHLPSUHVVLRQV7KH ,WLVSDUWRIWKH/XWKHUDQSLHWLVWWUDGLWLRQZKLFKZDVVWURQJLQWKHWKDQGWKHWK LQVLJKWV DFKLHYHG E\ UHIOHFWLQJ DERXW /RQHUJDQ¶V DQDO\VLV VR )LQQLV VD\V LQ KLV DFFRXQW FHQWXULHVWKDWUHDVRQDORQHFRXOGQRWOHDGRQHWR*RG&RXQW1LNRODXVYRQ=LQ]HQGRUILV µILQDOO\ GLG DZD\ ZLWK DOO WKH +XPH5XVVHOO HPSLULFLVP¶ $IWHU PXFK UHIOHFWLRQ )LQQLV UHSRUWHGDVKDYLQJVDLGµ:KRVR>HYHU@ZLVKHVWRJUDVS*RGZLWKKLVLQWHOOHFWEHFRPHVDQ IRUPXODWHGWZRFUXFLDOTXHVWLRQV DWKHLVW¶ 7KH VWDWHPHQW HFKRHG WKH WHDFKLQJV RI 0DUWLQ /XWKHU ZKR KDG FDOOHG UHDVRQ µWKH 'HYLO VJUHDWHVWZKRUH¶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µ2IFRXUVHUHDVRQDQGHPRWLRQFDQWDNHRQHMXVWVRIDUWRWKHHGJHRI KDYHUHPDLQHGLQDOOHVVHQWLDOVWKHVDPHDVWKHRQHV,IRUPHGLQ IDLWK7KHILQDOVWHSZDVDOHDSRIIDLWKRQH,KDYHQHYHUUHJUHWWHG¶0\LQVLJKWLQWRWKHVH $V*ULVH]KDVWROGXV)LQQLVIRXQGDIILUPDWLYHDQVZHUVWRERWKTXHVWLRQVµ'XULQJKLVILQDO PDWWHUVLVYHU\OLPLWHGEXW,DVVXPHWKDWVXFKDFRQYHUVLRQLQYROYHVWKHZKROHSHUVRQQRW WZR \HDUV DV DQ XQGHUJUDGXDWH LQ$GHODLGH )LQQLV EHFDPH FRQYLQFHG ERWK RI WKH WUXWK RI MXVWWKHLQWHOOHFWDQGWKDWLWVJHQXLQHQHVVLVWHVWHGE\RQH¶VIXWXUHOLIH+\ZHO'DYLG/HZLV *RG¶VH[LVWHQFHDQGRIWKHUHDOLW\RIKLVVHOIGLVFORVXUHWR,VUDHODQGLQ&KULVWE\H[WHQVLYH KDV SXW WKLV ZHOO µ)RU UHOLJLRQ FHUWDLQO\ GRHV UHTXLUH FRPPLWPHQW DQG LW LV LQ JLYLQJ UHDGLQJLQSKLORVRSKLFDOZRUNVFULWLFDORIHPSLULFLVPDPRQJWKHP%-)/RQHUJDQ¶VInsight. A RXUVHOYHVWRLWLQDWRWDOZD\DQGDGRSWLQJLWDV³DZD\RIOLIH´WKDWZHKDYHWKHLOOXPLQDWLRQLW Study of Human UnderstandingDORQJZLWKVRPHRI1HZPDQ¶VZRUNRQUHYHODWLRQ¶7KHVH RIIHUV¶:KRFDQGRXEW-RKQ)LQQLVLIKHLVMXGJHGE\VXFKDFULWHULRQ" DQVZHUVDUHUHIOHFWHGLQKLVSXEOLVKHGZRUN Some speculative reflections )LQQLV¶V LQWHOOHFW ZDV KLV JXLGLQJ OLJKW :KDW LV UHPDUNDEOH DERXW KLV DFFRXQW DQG 1LQHRIWKHIRXUWHHQRI)LQQLV¶VVWXGHQWDUWLFOHV,KDYHGLVFRYHUHGDUHFRQFHUQHGZLWKPRUDO ZKDWGLVWLQJXLVKHVKLVH[SHULHQFHIURPWKDWRIWKHRWKHUFRQYHUWVZKRKDYHZULWWHQWRPHLV LVVXHVDVWKH\DULVHLQSHUVRQDOQDWLRQDORULQWHUQDWLRQDOUHODWLRQV7KH\ZLOOEHGHDOWZLWKLQ WKH DSSDUHQW DEVHQFH RI HPRWLRQDO µWULJJHUV¶ +H ZDV QRW IROORZLQJ WKH H[DPSOH RI KLV VRPH GHWDLO 6XIILFH LW DW WKLV VWDJH WR LGHQWLI\ WKH LVVXHV ZKLFK )LQQLV LGHQWLILHG ,Q µ7KH IULHQGV7KHFRQYHUVLRQVRI&ROLQ1HWWHOEHFNDQG$OHF+\VORSZHUHFRLQFLGHQWDO±KHQHYHU 0RUDOVRIWKH0LVVLRQ¶ZULWWHQE\'HV&RRSHU ZKRWRRNWKHOHDG DQG-RKQ)LQQLV VWLOOLQ LQTXLUHG DERXW WKHLU UHDVRQV IRU WKHLU FRQYHUVLRQV +LV H[FKDQJHV ZLWK WKHP DERXW WKHVH KLV ILUVW \HDU WKH DXWKRUV FRQVLGHUHG WKDW )U 2¶6XOOLYDQ KDG FRQGHPQHG ELUWK FRQWURO PDWWHUVZHUHOLPLWHG GLYRUFH DQG DERUWLRQ DV PRUDO HYLOV VHH DERYH DW Q EXW KDG IDLOHG WR HVWDEOLVK DQ ,KDGRQHFRQYHUVDWLRQLQDVXEXUEDQVWUHHWZLWK$OHFLQZKLFKZHDJUHHGWKDWLI WKHUHLVDQ\WUXWKLQWKHFODLPVDERXWUHYHODWLRQWKH\DUHWREHIRXQGLQWKH&DWKROLF /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK &KXUFK DV WKH RQO\ SODXVLEOH VXFFHVVRU WR ZKDWHYHU -HVXV IRXQGHG LQ KLV OLIH RQ )RUDEULHIDFFRXQWRISLHWLVPVHH KWWSVZZZEULWDQQLFDFRPWRSLF3LHWLVP! (DUWK &ROLQ 1HWWHOEHFN ZKRP , FDPH WR NQRZ LQ WKH $GHODLGH 8QLYHUVLW\ &RXQW=LQ]HQGRUIZDVRQHRIWKHOHDGHUVRIWKH0RUDYLDQ&KXUFKKHH[WHQGHGLWVLQIOXHQFHWR(QJODQG 5HJLPHQWFRQYHUVHGDELWPRUHDERXWIXQGDPHQWDOWKLQJVEXWPRVWO\LQYHUVHWKDW WKH:HVW,QGLHVDQG1RUWK$PHULFD6HH&KULVWLDQ+LVWRU\QHW H[SORUHG WKH SUREOHP RU LVVXH WKDW IRU PH ZDV IXQGDPHQWDO WKH REMHFWLYLW\ RI KWWSZZZFKULVWLDQLW\WRGD\FRPFKFKULVWLDQVGHQRPLQDWLRQDOIRXQGHUV]LQ]HQGRUIKWPO"VWDUW ! %HUOLQRootsDERYHQ6HHDOVR7D\ORU&KDUOHVA Secular Age &DPEULGJH0DVV+DUYDUG RUGLQDU\QDWXUDOUHDOLW\ZKLFK+XPHDQVFHSWLFLVPDOVRLQLWV%HUWUDQG5XVVHOOIRUP 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV µ7UXHUHOLJLRQFRXOGQ¶WFRQVLVWLQWKLVLQWHOOHFWXDOIDVFLQDWLRQZLWK WHQGVWRGLVVROYH GRFWULQHLWKDGWRHQJDJHWKHZKROHKHDUWRULWZDVQRWKLQJ&RXQW=LQ]HQGRUISURQRXQFHGDWHUVHDQG ILQDOMXGJPHQWRQWKHDSRORJHWLFREVHVVLRQVRIHVWDEOLVKPHQWWKHRORJLDQV¶ ,ELG0DUWLQ/XWKHUVHHPVWRKDYHH[SUHVVHGDVLPLODULQVLJKWZKHQKHVWDWHGµDenn wer da will µ%XWVLQFHWKHGHYLO¶VEULGH5HDVRQWKDWSUHWW\ZKRUHFRPHVLQDQGWKLQNVVKH¶VZLVHDQGZKDWVKH gläuben, der muȕ nicht achten, was die fünf Sinne begreifen und zeigen¶ µ:KRHYHUZDQWVWREHD VD\VZKDWVKHWKLQNVLVIURPWKH+RO\6SLULWZKRFDQKHOSXVWKHQ"1RWMXGJHVQRWGRFWRUVQRNLQJ EHOLHYHUPXVWQRWKHHGZKDWWKHILYHVHQVHVXQGHUVWDQGDQGVKRZ¶ ±,UPLVFKHU-RKDQQ.RQUDG HG RUHPSHURUEHFDXVH>UHDVRQ@LVWKH'HYLO VJUHDWHVWZKRUH¶±VHH Dr. Martin Luther’s Exegetische Deutsche Schriften )UDQNIXUWD0 (UODQJHQYRQ+H\GHU KWWSHQZLNLTXRWHRUJZLNL0DUWLQB/XWKHU!JLYLQJDVWKHVRXUFHDr. Martin Luthers Werke: =LPPHU 6HH Kritische Gesamtausgabe :HLPDU+HUPDQ%RHKODXV1DFKIROJHU %DQG/LQHII KWWSVERRNVJRRJOHFRPDXERRNV"LG :V02$4$$0$$- SJ 3$ GT GLHI&%&QI6LQ /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK QHEHJUHLIHQXQG]HLJHQPDUWLQOXWKHU KO HQ VD ; HL T$9=/2*V/$PZ:KW&4&$ YHG ,KDYHEHHQDUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLFHYHUVLQFHP\UHYHUHGUHOLJLRQWHDFKHUWKH/XWKHUDQ3DVWRU+DQXVFK &%4$(Z$$Y RQHSDJH T GLHI&%&QI6LQQHEHJUHLIHQXQG]HLJHQ DQQRXQFHGDWRXUPDWULFXODWLRQSDUW\LQ:XSSHUWDOLQµ'R,NQRZWKDWP\UHGHHPHUOLYHWK"7KH PDUWLQOXWKHU I IDOVH! KRQHVWDQVZHULVWKDW,GRQ¶W¶7KDWFDXVHGDJUHDWpFODWLQWKH/XWKHUDQ&KXUFKDQGLWFDXVHGPHWRJLYH /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK XSP\SODQWRVWXG\WKHRORJ\ *ULVH]DERYHQ /HZLV+\ZHO'DYLGOur Experience of God /RQGRQ$OOHQDQG8QZLQ /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK µ7KH0RUDOVRIWKH0LVVLRQ¶ On DitRI$XJXVWS The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

DFDGHPLFDOO\VDWLVIDFWRU\EDVLVIRU VXFK DMXGJPHQW ,Qµ/XQJ&DQFHUDQG 6PRNLQJ¶WKH IUHHGRPLVQRWDILUVWSULQFLSOHEXWRQO\µDPHDQVWRVRPHPRUHEDVLFDOO\GHVLUDEOHHQGV¶ VDPH DXWKRUV EUDQGHG WKH IHDULQVSLULQJ DQWLVPRNLQJ FDPSDLJQ RI WKH %ULWLVK 0HGLFDO 7KHFRQWH[WVXJJHVWVWKDWKHFRQVLGHUHGIUHHGRPWREHOHVVIXQGDPHQWDOWKDQWKHSXUVXLWRI $VVRFLDWLRQDVLPPRUDOEHFDXVHWKHUHZDVDWWKDWVWDJHQRFRQFOXVLYHHYLGHQFHWKDWVPRNLQJ KDSSLQHVV%HUOLQZRXOGKDYHGLVDJUHHG:LWKLQKLVV\VWHPRIYDOXHSOXUDOLVPWKHµPLQLPXP ZDVKDUPIXO,Qµ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶)LQQLVDUJXHGWKDWWKHFKXUFKHVKDGQRULJKWWRSXW DUHDRISHUVRQDOIUHHGRP¶ ZKLFKPXVWDOZD\VEHSUHVHUYHG FRPHVDVFORVHDVDQ\WKLQJWRDQ IRUZDUGYLHZVRQWHPSRUDOPDWWHUVDQGH[SHFWIDYRXUHGWUHDWPHQWIURPOHJLVODWRUV,Qµ8 DEVROXWHYDOXH%HUOLQVDZPDQDVµDVHOIWUDQVIRUPLQJFUHDWXUHZKRVHHDFKQH[WDJHLVWKH :K\ZDVLW&ULPLQDO )RROLVK"¶KHFRQGHPQHGWKH86DQGWKH6RYLHW*RYHUQPHQWVIRU UHVXOWRIWKHVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHQHHGVRIWKHSUHYLRXVRQHV¶DQGWKXVUHMHFWHGDVDQµDEVXUGLW\¶ WKH QXFOHDU DUPDPHQWV UDFH DQG IRU WKHLU IDLOXUH WR QHJRWLDWH WKH UHQXQFLDWLRQ RI QXFOHDU WKHYLHZRIWKHVHYHQWHHQWKFHQWXU\QDWXUDOODZ\HUVDQGRIWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKWKDWµWKHUHLV ZHDSRQV,Qµ7ZR&XUUHQW+HUHVLHV¶)LQQLVFRQGHPQHGWKH,VUDHOL,QWHOOLJHQFH$JHQF\WKH VXFK D WKLQJ DV QDWXUDO ODZ HQJUDYHG XSRQ WKH KHDUWV RI PHQ¶ 7KH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ 0RVVDGIRUWKHLUµQRLV\GLVSOD\RIVHOIULJKWHRXVFXQQLQJDQGLOOHJDOIRUFH¶LQKDYLQJVHL]HG \RXQJ)LQQLV¶VSRVLWLRQDQG%HUOLQ¶VYLHZFRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQPRUHIXQGDPHQWDO,FRQIHVV $GROI(LFKPDQQLQ$UJHQWLQDDQGKDYLQJVPXJJOHGKLPWR,VUDHO,QD/HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRURI WKDW,KDYHEHHQDQDGPLUHURI%HUOLQDQGRIKLVLGHDVHYHUVLQFH,OLVWHQHGZLWKIDVFLQDWLRQWR The Groaning Stone)LQQLVDVNHGZKHWKHUKRPRVH[XDOFRQGXFWLVLPPRUDODQGSUHGLFWHG KLVUDGLREURDGFDVWVRQ5RPDQWLFLVP WKDWUDSLGDGYDQFHVLQSV\FKRORJ\DQGVRFLRORJ\ZRXOGVRRQSURYLGHWKHEDVLVIRUDµDFRUUHFW PRUDOMXGJPHQW¶ 3$57,,),11,6¶6678'(1738%/,&$7,216 ,QWKHODVW\HDURIKLVDJQRVWLFSHULRG)LQQLVVSHOOHGRXWKLVPDMRUSUHPLVHVIRU ,723,&$/,668(6± VROYLQJ PRUDO SUREOHPV ,Q µ(GXFDWLRQ DQG )UHHGRP¶ KH DIILUPHG D XWLOLWDULDQ IRUPXOD 7KHUHDUHVHYHQDUWLFOHVLQWKLVJURXSRISXEOLFDWLRQVZKLFKKDYHLQFRPPRQWKDWWKH\GHDO ZKLFKKHDSSHDUVWRKDYHGHULYHGIURPWKHHDUO\ZULWLQJVRI%HUWUDQG5XVVHOOµ,EHOLHYHWKDW ZLWKHYHQWVRUWRSLFVZKLFKZHUHWKHVXEMHFWRIPXFKSXEOLFGLVFXVVLRQDQGSUHVVFRYHUDJHDW WKHJUHDWHVWKDSSLQHVVRIWKHJUHDWHVWQXPEHURXJKWWREHWKHDLPRIVRFLHW\¶ WKHWLPHDQGWKDWWKRXJKRIWHQVKDUSO\DQGSDVVLRQDWHO\FULWLFDOWKH\DUHQRWH[SOLFLWO\EDVHG )LQQLVZDVD\RXQJPDQRIµVKLQLQJLQWHOOLJHQFH¶DQGPXVWVXUHO\KDYHUHDOLVHGWKDW RQDQ\SDUWLFXODUSKLORVRSKLFDORUUHOLJLRXVRXWORRN PRUDOJXLGDQFHZDVQRWWREHH[SHFWHGIURPSV\FKRORJ\DQGVRFLRORJ\,WPD\QRWEHWRRIDU $Finnis and the uncomplicated (April 1959) IHWFKHGWRVXJJHVWWKDWKLVFRQYHUVLRQWR&DWKROLFLVPZDVDWOHDVWLQSDUWDQH[SUHVVLRQRIKLV µ:K\:RQ¶W7KH\7KLQN¶ GLVLOOXVLRQPHQWZLWKWKHPRUDOSRWHQWLDORIVHFXODUWKRXJKWDQGRIWKHVRFLDOVFLHQFHV+HPD\ 2QH/'$WNLQVRQKDGPRFNHG On DitWKHRULHQWDWLRQSURJUDPIRUIUHVKHUVDQGJHQHUDOO\ ZHOOKDYHIHOWWKDWWKHJUHDW&DWKROLFHWKLFDOWUDGLWLRQRIIHUHGDPRUHGHSHQGDEOHDOWHUQDWLYH VWXGHQWDFWLYLWLHVVXSSRVHGO\GRPLQDWHG E\FRQVHUYDWLYHV +HKDG VXJJHVWHG inter alia WKDW ,Q VRPH ZD\V )LQQLV¶V FRQYHUVLRQ SUHVHQWV RQH ZLWK D SHUKDSV VXUSULVLQJ VHQVH RI +DUROG 0DFPLOODQ¶V YLVLW WR 0RVFRZ LQ )HEUXDU\ KDG PHDQW QRWKLQJ PRUH WKDQ FRQWLQXLW\ (YHQ WKRXJK KLV LGHDO WKH SURPRWLRQ RI µWKH KLJKHVW DQG PRVW KDUPRQLRXV µQHUYRXV G\VSHSVLD IRU >WKH@ %ULWLVK GLSORPDWLF FRUSV >DQG@ D VHULHV RI KDQJRYHUV IRU GHYHORSPHQWRIDPDQ¶VSRZHUVWRDFRPSOHWHDQGFRQVLVWHQWZKROH¶ZDVEDVHGRQVHFXODU .KUXVKFKHY¶ )LQQLV DWWDFNHG WKH µHPSW\KHDGHG YLHZ RI ZRUOG SROLWLFV¶ GLVSOD\HG E\ SUHPLVHVWKH&DWKROLFWUDGLWLRQGLGQRWIRUFHKLPWRMHWWLVRQWKDWLGHDO5DWKHULWHQDEOHGKLP $WNLQVRQDQGFLWHGDQXPEHURIRWKHUFRPPHQWDWRUVRQZRUOGHYHQWVZKRZHUHµHYHU\ELWDV WR JUHDWO\ HQULFK LW E\ VSHOOLQJ RXW WKH EDVLF KXPDQ JRRGV ZKLFK DUH QRZ WR EH IRXQG LQ VLOO\¶ DQG µFRQFHUQHG RQO\ ZLWK WKH XQFRPSOLFDWHG¶ +LV UHDGHUV ZHUH RQ QRWLFH WKDW WKH Natural Law and Natural RightsDQGLQKLVIXUWKHUPDWXUHDFDGHPLFZULWLQJ XQFRPSOLFDWHGZDVQRWWREHDWWKHFHQWUHRI)LQQLV¶VFRQWULEXWLRQV 7KHUH LV KRZHYHU RQH LPSRUWDQW TXDOLILFDWLRQ$ VHFXODU LGHDO FDQ EH PRGLILHG DV FKDQJHG FLUFXPVWDQFHV QHZ H[SHULHQFHV RU VLPSO\ VKLIWV RI RSLQLRQ VXJJHVW &DWKROLF %Australian life and the dominance of American civilisation (June 1959) GRFWULQHVPD\EHUHILQHGRYHUWLPHEXWFKDQJHVDUHQRWDWWKHGLVSRVDORIµDPHPEHURIWKH µ$PHULFDQDQG%ULWLVK,QIOXHQFHV¶ WUXH&KXUFK¶DV)U-RKQVWRQHLVOLNHO\WRKDYHH[SODLQHGDWWKH PLVVLRQHQWLWOHGµ8SRQWKLV ,Q WKLV DUWLFOH )LQQLV FRPPHQWHG RQ WKH JURZLQJ$PHULFDQ LQIOXHQFH RQ OLIH LQ$XVWUDOLD 5RFN¶ VHHDERYHDWQ ,QKLVHVVD\µ(GXFDWLRQDQG)UHHGRP¶)LQQLVLVYHU\FULWLFDO :ULWLQJLQZKDWKHFDOOHGµWKHDJHRIWKHODVW(PSLUH/R\DOLVW3ULPH0LQLVWHURI$XVWUDOLD¶KH RI,VDLDK%HUOLQ¶VHVVD\RQOLEHUW\7R)LQQLV ZKRZDVVWLOOLQKLVDJQRVWLFSKDVH OLEHUW\RU Oxford on 31 October 1958 2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV %HUOLQWUHDWVµIUHHGRP¶DVV\QRQ\PRXVZLWKµOLEHUW\¶±LELG On DitRI$XJXVWS $ERYHQFROXPQ >@AUM± %HUOLQ,VDLDKµ9LFR9ROWDLUHDQGWKH%HJLQQLQJVRI&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\¶± On DitRI$SULOS KWWSVZZZJRRJOHFRPDXT YLFR&YROWDLUHDQGWKHEHJLQQLQJVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\! IXOO On DitRI-XQHSS WH[W On DitRI-XQHS %HUOLQZDVUHSRUWLQJWKHYLHZVRI9LFREXWWKHFRQWH[WPDNHVLWFOHDUWKDWWKH\UHIOHFWKLVRZQRSLQLRQ /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRU The Groaning Stone± RQKRPRVH[XDOLW\ %HUOLQRootsDERYHQ >@AUM± $SULO On Dit ,ELGFROXPQ µ7KHUHWKH\*R±7LSSHW\7RH¶ 0DUFK On Dit,UHPHPEHUUHDGLQJDWWKHWLPHWKDW )U%HQ+HQVOH\23VRGHVFULEHGWKH\RXQJVWXGHQW±/HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK 0DFPLOODQKDGEHHQFROOHFWHGDWWKHDLUSRUWE\WKH6RYLHW0LQLVWHUIRU+RXVLQJDQGKDGUHPDUNHGRQ 2QHRI)U-RKQVWRQH¶VWDONVZDVHQWLWOHGµ:KDWLWPHDQVWREHDPHPEHURIWKHWUXH&KXUFK¶ VHHLQJEXLOGLQJDFWLYLW\RQWKHZD\WRWKH.UHPOLQµ,LPDJLQHWKDWDOOWKLVFRQVWUXFWLRQZLOOHQVXUH\RXU >@AUM± UHHOHFWLRQ¶ %HUOLQ,VDLDKTwo Concepts of Liberty: an Inaugural Lecture Delivered Before the University of -XQH On Dit The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

WKRXJKWWKDWZHPLJKWDVZHOODFFHSWWKHJURZLQJ$PHULFDQLQIOXHQFHRQ$XVWUDOLDQOLIHIRU 4&DQG0LFKDHO.LUE\WKHQVWLOOD+LJK&RXUW-XVWLFHDGGUHVVHGDERXWSHRSOHDWDSXEOLF µ$PHULFDQV DUH QRZ RXU SURWHFWRUV ZH IO\ WKHLU ZDU SODQHV DQG ILUH WKHLU DUWLOOHU\ SLHFHV PHHWLQJDUUDQJHGE\WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH¶V-RKQ%UD\/DZ&KDSWHUWKH/DZ6RFLHW\ $PHULFDQVDUHWKHLGROVRIRXU\RXWK7KHLUDFWRUVDQGDFWUHVVHVWKHVWDSOHRIRXUSRWWHG DQGWKH/DZ6FKRRO HQWHUWDLQPHQW2XUVXFFHVVIXODWKOHWHVIO\WRWKH6WDWHVWRKROGVFKRODUVKLSVRUMRLQWURXSHV¶ &DVWOHVKDGUHWXUQHGIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVZLWKIDLWKLQWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVDQGKDG +LV FKDUDFWHULVDWLRQV RI $PHULFDQ FLYLOLVDWLRQ ZHUH PHUFLOHVV +H VDZ WKH FRQFHSW RI DOVREHHQLQVSLUHGE\WKH$PHULFDQLQWHUHVWLQWKHVWXG\RIWKHLURZQUDWKHUWKDQ(QJODQG¶V $PHULFDQVRFLHW\DVµPDVVLYHFRQIRUPLW\LQVWLWXWHGE\ERQKRPLHPDLQWDLQHGDQGDGYDQFHG OHJDOKLVWRU\+HGHYHORSHGDSDVVLRQDWHVFKRODUO\FRPPLWPHQWWRWKHOHJDOKLVWRU\RIKLVRZQ E\ PDVVPHGLD SKRELDV DQG K\VWHULDV DQG HQIRUFHG E\ VSHFLRXV DSSHDOV WR OR\DOW\¶ 7KH FRXQWU\DQGEHFDPHRQHRI$XVWUDOLD¶VPRVWSURGXFWLYHOHJDOKLVWRULDQV IROORZLQJTXRWHLVWDNHQDWUDQGRPIURPDQ\QXPEHURIVLPLODUSDVVDJHVµ>$XVWUDOLDQV@ZLOO &Is Smoking detrimental to human health? (August 1959) LQ WKHLU WLPH EHFRPH ILQH EDFNVODSSLQJ 5RWDULDQV ZLWK DQ SHU FHQW QDWLRQDO FKXUFK µ/XQJ&DQFHUDQG6PRNLQJ¶ DWWHQGDQFH DQG D KHDOWK\ FRQWHPSW IRU WKH LUUHOLJLRXV SROLWLFDOO\PLQGHG LQWHOOHFWXDOV DQG 7KLVDUWLFOHZDVZULWWHQMRLQWO\E\)LQQLV'HV&RRSHUDQGRQH-3HDFRFN)LQQLVDQG&RRSHU RWKHU5HGV¶/RRNLQJWR(QJODQGIRUUHOLHILVXVHOHVVIRU$PHULFDKDVEHFRPHWKHLQVSLUDWLRQ IROORZHG LW XS ZLWK µ6PRNLQJ 7KHP 2XW¶ ,Q 6LU 5RQDOG )LVKHU D IDPRXV IRU(QJODQGDVPXFKDVIRU$XVWUDOLD+LVILQDOUHVLJQHGWKRXJKWLVWKDWZHPLJKWVWLOOSUHIHU ELRVWDWLVWLFLDQVKDYLQJUHWLUHGIURPWKH%DOIRXU&KDLURI*HQHWLFVLQ&DPEULGJHVSHQWVRPH TimeWRPravda \HDUV LQ$GHODLGHZKHUH KHEHFDPHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW\¶V *HQHWLFV 'HSDUWPHQW 2QH SDVVDJH RI VSHFLDO LQWHUHVW WR ODZ\HUV UHDGV µ2XU DFDGHPLF ODZ\HUV EHFRPH 7KH KHDG RI WKH GHSDUWPHQW 3URIHVVRU +HQU\ %HQQHWW KDG ZRUNHG ZLWK 6LU 5RQDOG LQ F\QLFDOUHDOLVWVDQGDIWHUWKHIDVKLRQRI$PHULFDQVH[SODLQODZLQWHUPVRIWKHMXGJHV¶HDWLQJ &DPEULGJHDQGDVKHWROGPHZDVWKULOOHGWRKDYHDWWUDFWHGKLPWR$GHODLGH6LU5RQDOGGLHG KDELWV¶,QRQHRIKLVOHFWXUHVRXU'HDQ1RUYDO0RUULVDGRSWLQJWKHWRQHRI$PHULFDQOHJDO LQEXWKLVIDPHKDVHQGXUHG+HQU\%HQQHWWRUGHUHGDQGHGLWHGKLVSDSHUV1RGRXEW UHDOLVPGHVFULEHGDUJXPHQWVLQFRXUWDVµWKHQRLVHVRQHKDVWRPDNHLQRUGHUWRZLQRQH¶V WKHZKROHGHSDUWPHQWLQFOXGLQJVWXGHQWVOLNH&RRSHUPXVWKDYHEHHQHQWKXVLDVWLFWREHVR FDVH¶,ZDVWDNHQDEDFN@AUM± 6LU5RQDOGKDGDFORVHDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGHVHH LQWKH6WXDUWFDVH¶7KHFDVHSURYHGWREHVWLOORILQWHUHVWLQZKHQ*HRIIUH\5REHUWVRQ KWWSZZZDGHODLGHHGXDXOLEUDU\VSHFLDOPVVILVKHU!6HHDOVR KWWSZZZEULWDQQLFDFRP(%FKHFNHGWRSLF6LU5RQDOG$\OPHU)LVKHU!DQG 6HHWKHRELWXDU\E\7RQU\0LFKDHOµ1RUYDO0RUULV3LRQHHULQJ&ULPLQRORJLVWZKR&KDQJHGRXU KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL5RQDOGB)LVKHU!'HV&RRSHUSXEOLVKHGDEULHI&9LQ The $SSURDFKWR3ULVRQDQG3UREDWLRQ¶The GuardianRI$SULO Groaning Stone 6HHµ3URI0RUULV6SHDNVRQ&DSLWDO3XQLVKPHQW¶ $XJXVW On Dit 6HH KWWSZZZHRDVLQIRELRJV3EKWP! 'HXWVFKHU0D[µ3URI0RUULV6SHDNVRQ&DSLWDO3XQLVKPHQW¶ $XJXVW On Dit 6HH KWWSZZZDGHODLGHHGXDXOLEUDU\VSHFLDOPVVILVKHU! ,QJOLV.HQQHWK6WDQOH\The Stuart Case 0HOERXUQH083 ,QJOLVZDVDKLVWRU\OHFWXUHULQ 3DUDVFDQGROD0DUNµ7ZR$SSURDFKHVWR(WLRORJ\WKH'HEDWHRYHU6PRNLQJDQG/XQJ&DQFHULQWKH $GHODLGHDWWKHWLPHDQGODWHUEHFDPHSURIHVVRURIKLVWRU\DWWKH$18 V¶ Endeavour± µ³7KH6WXDUW&DVH´±D5HYLHZ¶ 0DUFK On Dit $FRQWURYHUV\LQThe Advertiser$GHODLGH¶VPRUQLQJQHZVSDSHUIROORZHG6LU5RQDOG¶VOHFWXUH The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

FRQVSLFXRXVO\FRQWLQXHGZLWKKLVVPRNLQJKDELWDQGDVDUHVXOWKDGEHFRPHµLQIDPRXVIRU EHUHSRUWHGWRWKH81ZKLFKWKH86*RYHUQPHQWKDGQRWGRQHµ1HFHVVLW\¶DQRWKHUSRVVLEOH >KLV@VWXEERUQRSSRVLWLRQWRWKHHPHUJLQJHYLGHQFHDERXWWKHGDQJHUVRIFLJDUHWWHV¶ $PHULFDQGHIHQFHKDGRFFDVLRQDOO\EHHQSXWIRUZDUGegWRMXVWLI\WKHLQYDVLRQRI%HOJLXP ,QWKHWZRDUWLFOHV)LQQLVDQG&RRSHU µRQO\RQHRIXVVPRNHV¶ HQGRUVHG6LU5RQDOG¶V E\*HUPDQIRUFHVLQ::,EXWZDVQRWUHFRJQLVHGLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOODZ YLHZV7KH\FULWLFLVHGWKHDQWLVPRNLQJFDPSDLJQRIWKH%ULWLVK0HGLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQµ,QWKH +HWKHQH[DPLQHGLQVRPHGHWDLOWKHVWUDWHJLFDQGSROLWLFDOLPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHVHVS\ ODVWDQDO\VLVWKHTXHVWLRQUDLVHGLVDPRUDORQH,WLVQRWZKHWKHUHQGVHYHUMXVWLI\PHDQVEXW IOLJKWVTXLWHDSDUWIURPWKHLUOHJDOLW\DQGFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKH\ZHUHDQµRGLRXVDIIURQW¶QRWMXVW ZKHWKHUWKHPHGLFDOSURIHVVLRQ DQGa fortioriWKH*RYHUQPHQWZKLFKLQ%ULWDLQVSRQVRUVWKH WRLQWHUQDWLRQDOODZEXWDOVRWRµWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVDQHLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHODWLRQVKLSV¶+HVDZ FDPSDLJQ LVMXVWLILHGLQXVLQJIHDUDVDWHFKQLTXHRIWKHUDS\in this caseLQZKLFKDPRQJ WKHVHIOLJKWVDVSDUWDQGSDUFHORIWKHQXFOHDUDUPDPHQWVUDFHDQGFRQGHPQHGERWKWKH86 RWKHUWKLQJVWKHEDVLVRIGLDJQRVLVLVIDUIURPFRQFOXVLYH¶+RZSUXGHQWRIWKHVH\RXQJ DQG WKH 6RYLHW *RYHUQPHQWV IRU WKHLU IDLOXUH WR QHJRWLDWH WKH UHQXQFLDWLRQ RI QXFOHDU VWXGHQWV WR KDYH FRQILQHG WKHLU RSSRVLWLRQ WR WKH XVH RI IHDU IRU SXEOLF SXUSRVHV WR WKLV ZHDSRQVµ7KH8DIIDLUFDQVHUYHRQO\WRHPSKDVLVHKRZQHDUPD\EHWKHWLPHZKHQWKHUH SDUWLFXODU FDVH 7KH\ PXVW KDYH UHDOLVHG WKDW JHQHUDOLVLQJ WKH UXOH WKH\ DQQRXQFHG ZRXOG PD\EHQRFRQTXHUHGQRFRQTXHURUVDQGQRZHHSLQJEXWRQO\XQLYHUVDOUXLQ¶ KDYHRSHQHGD3DQGRUD¶VER[RISUREOHPVDQGGLIILFXOWLHV.QRZLQJPRUHDERXWVPRNLQJDQG (The Adolf Eichmann case; the banality of evil (24 June 1960) OXQJFDQFHUZHDUHQRORQJHUFULWLFDORIWKHXVHRIJUXHVRPHSLFWXUHVRQFLJDUHWWHSDFNDJHVWR µ7ZR&XUUHQW+HUHVLHV¶ GLVFRXUDJHVPRNLQJ$VWKHZRUOG¶VUHOLJLRQVNQRZUHLQIRUFLQJUHDVRQZLWKIHDUFDQEHYHU\ $GROI(LFKPDQQZDVDIRUPHU662IILFHUZKRKDGEHHQLQFKDUJHRIWKHDUUDQJHPHQWVIRUWKH KHOSIXOLIKHDOWK\KDELWVDQGJRRGHWKLFDOVWDQGDUGVDUHWREHHQFRXUDJHG,Q)LQQLVDQG PDVVWUDQVSRUWDWLRQRI-HZVWRWKHH[WHUPLQDWLRQFDPSVLQ(DVWHUQ(XURSH+HKDGWKHUHE\ &RRSHUKDGWRZLWQHVV6LU5RQDOG¶VYLHZVDQGWKHLUVEHLQJVZHSWLQWRWKHGXVWELQRIKLVWRU\ IDFLOLWDWHG WKH PXUGHU E\ WKH 1D]L *RYHUQPHQW RI (XURSHDQ -HZV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH ZKHQWKH866XUJHRQ*HQHUDOSXEOLVKHGKLVUHSRUWRQWKHGDQJHUVRIVPRNLQJ7KHDUWLFOHV 1XUHPEHUJZDUWULDOLQGLFWPHQWEHWZHHQILYHDQGVL[PLOOLRQ-HZVZHUHNLOOHGLQZKDWFDPH DUH VWLOO RI LQWHUHVW IRU DV &ROLQ 1HWWHOEHFN KDV VXJJHVWHG WKH\ KHOS XV XQGHUVWDQG WKH WREHNQRZQDVWKH+RORFDXVW$IWHUWKH:DU(LFKPDQQKDGREWDLQHGUHVLGHQF\LQ$UJHQWLQD µWKLQNLQJDQGWKHFXOWXUDOIUDPHZRUNRIWKHWLPH¶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dvertiserVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKH 1DWLRQVRQ2FWREHU +RORFDXVWKDGQHYHUKDSSHQHGRUDWOHDVWWKDWWKHILJXUHVLQWKH1XUHPEHUJLQGLFWPHQWZHUH 'Spy Flies and the Nuclear Deterrent (10 June 1960) DJURVVH[DJJHUDWLRQ,Q-XQHOn DitSXEOLVKHG)LQQLV¶Vµ7ZR&XUUHQW+HUHVLHV¶7R µ8:K\ZDVLW&ULPLQDO )RROLVK"¶ )LQQLV +RORFDXVW GHQLDO DV LW ZDV ODWHU FDOOHG ZDV WKH ILUVWRI WKH WZR KHUHVLHV ZKLFK KH )LQQLVSXEOLVKHGWKLVDUWLFOHLQUHVSRQVHWRWKHVKRRWLQJGRZQRIDQ$PHULFDQ8VS\SODQH LGHQWLILHGµ,Q$GHODLGHPHQDUHIRROLQJWKHPVHOYHVLQWREHOLHYLQJWKDWWKH1D]LVKDGNLOOHG RYHUWKH6RYLHW8QLRQRQ0D\7KH86*RYHUQPHQWDWILUVWGHQLHGWKHYLRODWLRQRI OHVV WKDQ VL[ PLOOLRQ -HZV¶ +H H[SRVHG µOXGLFURXV HUURUV¶ PDGH E\ WKH DXWKRUV RI WKH 6RYLHWDLUVSDFHEXWWKHQFRQIHVVHGZKHQWKH6RYLHW*RYHUQPHQWSUHVHQWHGWKHSLORW)UDQFLV $GYHUWLVHU OHWWHUV DQG SRLQWHG RXW WKDW GXULQJ WKH PDLQ 1XUHPEHUJ WULDO QRW RQH RI WKH *DU\ 3RZHUV DQG SKRWRV RI 6RYLHW PLOLWDU\ EDVHV ZKLFK KDG EHHQ LQ 3RZHUV¶ SRVVHVVLRQ *HUPDQ GHIHQFH ODZ\HUV KDG FKDOOHQJHG WKH ILJXUH LQ WKH LQGLFWPHQW 7KH WUXWK RI WKH )LQDOO\WKH86*RYHUQPHQWDQQRXQFHGQRWZLWKRXWVRPHSULGHWKDWVXFKIOLJKWVKDGEHHQ +RORFDXVWVWRU\VR)LQQLVDUJXHGZDVIXUWKHUVXSSRUWHGE\VZRUQWHVWLPRQLHVJLYHQLQRSHQ JRLQJRQIRU\HDUVDQGZRXOGFRQWLQXH7KHLQFLGHQWOHGWRDGDQJHURXVHVFDODWLRQRIWKHFROG FRXUWE\5XGROI+|VVFRPPDQGDQWRIWKH$XVFKZLW]H[WHUPLQDWLRQFDPSIURP0D\WR ZDU )LQQLV FRQGHPQHG WKH 86 *RYHUQPHQW IRU WKHLU DFWLRQV H[SODLQLQJ WKDW RYHUIO\LQJ D 1RYHPEHU DQG E\ 5XGROSK .DVWQHU D -HZLVK+XQJDULDQ MRXUQDOLVW DQG ODZ\HU ZKR IRUHLJQWHUULWRU\ZDVFRQWUDU\WRLQWHUQDWLRQDOODZDVWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLWVHOIKDGDIILUPHGLQD QHJRWLDWHGDQDJUHHPHQWZLWK(LFKPDQQZKLFKDOORZHGPRUHWKDQ-HZVWRHVFDSHWR SURWHVWOHWWHUWRWKH&]HFKRVORYDNLDQ*RYHUQPHQWZKHQLWVSODQHVKDGSHQHWUDWHGDLUVSDFHLQ 6ZLW]HUODQGLQH[FKDQJHIRUODUJHDPRXQWVRIPRQH\4XDUUHOOLQJDERXWWKHH[DFWILJXUHRI WKH 86 ]RQH RI *HUPDQ\ 6HOIGHIHQFH ZKLOH VWLOO DYDLODEOH XQGHU WKH 81&KDUWHU DV D YLFWLPVKHFRQVLGHUHGPRUDOO\LQGHIHQVLEOHIRUWKHSHUSHWUDWRUVZRXOGQRWEHOHVVFXOSDEOHLI MXVWLILFDWLRQFRXOGQRWEHUHOLHGXSRQLQWKLVFDVHIRUPHDVXUHVWDNHQLQVHOIGHIHQVHKDGWR WKH\KDGNLOOHGµRQO\¶WZRPLOOLRQ 7KHSKUDVHµ7KHEDQDOLW\RIHYLO¶ZDVFRLQHGE\+DQQDK$UHQGWLQKHUIDPRXVERRNEichmann in 3DUDVFDQGRODDERYHQ Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil 1<9LNLQJ3UHVV >@AUM±,QDQRSLQLRQSLHFHLQOn DitH[WHQGHGWKHDUJXPHQWLQWKHWZRDUWLFOHVRQ -XQH On Dit7KHVXEWLWOHUHDGVµ)HZWKLQJVDUHPRUHSDWKHWLFDQGDODUPLQJWKDQWKH VPRNLQJWRWKHWKHQVWLOOXQFHUWDLQFDXVDOOLQNEHWZHHQIDWDQGEXWWHUDQGKHDUWDWWDFNV± 0DUFK SRZHURIPHQWRGHFHLYHWKHPVHOYHV¶ On Dit 2QHRIWKHVHPHQWLRQHGE\)LQQLVVSHFLILFDOO\ZDVVLJQHGµE Pluribus Unum¶ /HWWHUGDWHG)HEUXDU\ 3URIHVVRU+HUPDQQ-DKUUHLȕRQHRIP\UHIHUHHVIRUWKH$GHODLGHMRELQKDGEHHQGHIHQFHFRXQVHO 6HHLQSDUWLFXODUFODXVHV D DQG E IRU&RORQHO*HQHUDO$OIUHG-RGO FRQYLFWHGDQGH[HFXWHG -DKUUHLȕZDVP\LQWHUQDWLRQDOODZWHDFKHULQ -XQH On Dit &RORJQH+HIUHTXHQWO\PHQWLRQHGKLVFRQYHUVDWLRQVZLWK-RGOEXWQHYHUFDVWGRXEWRQWKH+RORFDXVW The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

7KH Advertiser OHWWHUV ZHUH DPRQJ WKH ILUVW VWLUULQJV RI ZKDW ODWHU EHFDPH WKH 6FLHQWLVWV KDYH GHYHORSHG WKHLU RZQ FXOWXUH DQG VR KDYH OLWHUDU\ LQWHOOHFWXDOV +RORFDXVWGHQLDOPRYHPHQWDQG)LQQLVGHVHUYHVFUHGLWIRUKDYLQJMXPSHGRQLWVRHIIHFWLYHO\ 6FLHQWLVWVE\WKHQDWXUHRIWKHLUZRUNDUHIRFXVHGXSRQWKHIXWXUHZKLOHOLWHUDU\LQWHOOHFWXDOV 'XULQJ WKH V WKH PRYHPHQW JDWKHUHG PRPHQWXP DQG FXOPLQDWHG LQ LQ WKH DV6QRZREVHUYHVFULWLFDOO\ZLVKWKDWµWKHIXWXUHGLGQRWH[LVW¶ 7KHVHWZRFXOWXUHVKDYH SXEOLFDWLRQ RI The Myth of the Six Million D ERRNOHW E\ 'DYLG +RJJDQ D KLVWRULDQ ZLWK FHDVHGWRFRPPXQLFDWHZLWKHDFKRWKHUZLWKWKHUHVXOWWKDWQHLWKHUNQRZVHQRXJKDERXWWKH +DUYDUG FRQQHFWLRQV ZKR DUJXHG µ7KHUH KDV QHYHU EHHQ HYHQ WKH VOLJKWHVW FRQFOXVLYH DFKLHYHPHQWV DQG WKH ERG\ RI NQRZOHGJH GHYHORSHG E\ WKH RWKHU %HFDXVH RI D µIDQDWLFDO SURRI IRU VXFK D FDPSDLJQ RI SURPLVFXRXV VODXJKWHU RQ WKH SDUW RI *HUPDQ\ DQG LQ WKH EHOLHI LQ HGXFDWLRQDO VSHFLDOLVDWLRQ¶ WKLV JXOI LV DW LWV ZRUVW LQ (QJODQG EXW WKH VDPH PHDQWLPHDOOUHOLDEOHHYLGHQFHFRQWLQXHVWRVXJJHVWZLWKLQFUHDVLQJYROXPHDQGLPSDFWWKDW SRODULVDWLRQH[LVWVDOORYHUWKH:HVWHUQ:RUOGLQFOXGLQJSDUWLFXODUO\WKH86 :KLOHWKH WKLV JHQRFLGH OHJHQG LV D GHOLEHUDWH DQG EUD]HQ IDOVLILFDWLRQ¶ +RORFDXVW GHQLDO LV QRZ D 6ZHGHVFRXOG QRUPDOO\EH H[SHFWHGWR DYRLG VXFKD GLOHPPD WKH QHHGWRWHDFKWRR PDQ\ FULPLQDO RIIHQFH LQ PDQ\ (XURSHDQ FRXQWULHV XQGHU ODZV HQDFWHG GXULQJ WKH V DQG IRUHLJQODQJXDJHVKDVOHIWLQVXIILFLHQWVSDFHLQVFKRROFXUULFXODIRUVFLHQFH VEXWUHJUHWWDEO\WKHGHQLDOPRYHPHQWLVVWLOODOLYHLQ$GHODLGHDQGHOVHZKHUH $IWHU:RUOG:DU,WKHLQGXVWULDOUHYROXWLRQZLWKLWVKLWDQGPLVVPHWKRGVKDVPDGH )LQQLVWKHQWXUQHGWRWKHVHFRQGKHUHV\FDOOHGLWµVXEWOHDQGLQVLGLRXV¶DQGGHILQHGLW ZD\IRUWKHV\VWHPDWLFDSSOLFDWLRQRIVFLHQWLILFGLVFRYHULHVWRLQGXVWU\7KLVXVKHUHGLQWKH DVIROORZVµ7KLVKHUHV\FRQVLVWVLQWKHFUXHODQGOD]\EHOLHIWKDWDPDQZKRLVVXVSHFWHGRI VFLHQWLILFUHYROXWLRQZKLFKLVPDUNHGE\HOHFWURQLFVDWRPLFHQHUJ\DQGDXWRPDWLRQ $V FULPH PD\EHKXQWHGGRZQLQIODJUDQWYLRODWLRQRILQWHUQDWLRQDOODZDQGRIWKHODZRIWKH VKRZQ E\ WKH 8665 SURJUHVV LQ WKLV QHZ HUD FDQ EH PDGH YHU\ UDSLGO\ LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ 6WDWHLQZKLFKKHKDVVRXJKWUHIXJH¶+HFRQGHPQHG,VUDHO¶VFODLPVWKDW(LFKPDQQKDGOHIW WKHUHKDVWDNHQRQO\DERXW\HDUV $PRQJWKHULFKFRXQWULHVDUHQRZWKH86WKHZKLWH $UJHQWLQDYROXQWDULO\DVµWUDQVSDUHQWDEXVHVRIODQJXDJH¶+HDOVRPHQWLRQHGDµTXLWHIDOVH¶ &RPPRQZHDOWKFRXQWULHV*UHDW%ULWDLQPRVWRI(XURSHDQGWKH8665 :LWKLQDIHZ UXPRXUGLVVHPLQDWHGE\DSRORJLVWV IRU,VUDHO WRWKHHIIHFW WKDW(LFKPDQQKDG DOUHDG\EHHQ GHFDGHV PRGHUQ WHFKQRORJ\ ZLOO DOVR EULQJ SURVSHULW\ WR WKH SRRU SRSXODWLRQV RI ,QGLD VHQWHQFHG WR GHDWK DW 1XUHPEHUJ 7KHUH KDG EHHQ UHSRUWV RI ERWK WKHVH PDWWHUV LQ WKH $IULFD6RXWKHDVW$VLD/DWLQ$PHULFDDQGWKH0LGGOH(DVW $GHODLGHAdvertiser)LQQLVH[SODLQHGWKHUXOHVRILQWHUQDWLRQDOODZKHFRQVLGHUHGWKHEUHDFK 7KH VHFRQG WKHVLV SDLQWV WKH SURVSHFW RI D JROGHQ IXWXUH IRU DOO ZKLFK PLJKW KDYH DGGHG RI $UJHQWLQLDQ VRYHUHLJQW\ E\ ,VUDHO WR KDYH EHHQ XWWHUO\ REYLRXV +H KDG QR WLPH IRU DWWUDFWLYHQHVV LI QRW VXEVWDQFH WR WKH OHFWXUH DV D ZKROH 6QRZ FRQVLGHUHG WKDW KH ZDV (LFKPDQQ µWKHZUHWFKHGIHOORZ¶ EXWVRKHWKRXJKWLWZRXOGKDYHEHHQEHWWHUµLI(LFKPDQQ XQLTXHO\TXDOLILHGWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHVHPDWWHUVSDUWLFXODUO\WKHWZRFXOWXUHV)RU\HDUVVR KDGEHHQDOORZHGWROLYHRXWKLVOLIHLQ$UJHQWLQDUDWKHUWKDQWKDWKHVKRXOGKDYHEHHQVHL]HG KH H[SODLQV KH KDV KDG FORVH FRQWDFW ZLWK VRPH RI WKH PRVW SURPLQHQW VFLHQWLVWV LQ IURP KLV SODFH RI UHIXJH ZLWK D QRLV\ GLVSOD\ RI VHOIULJKWHRXV FXQQLQJ DQG LOOHJDO IRUFH¶ &DPEULGJHDQGEHLQJDQRYHOLVWKLPVHOIKDVDOVRPRYHGIUHHO\DPRQJZULWHUVDQGSHRSOH )LQQLVPLJKWKDYHNQRZQDERXW$UJHQWLQD¶VDWWHPSWWRVHHNUHGUHVVIRUWKHYLRODWLRQRILWV ZKRP KH FDOOV µOLWHUDU\ LQWHOOHFWXDOV¶ 6QRZ PDNHV LW FOHDU WKDW KH FRQVLGHUV WKH WHUULWRU\ E\DQ DSSURDFK WR WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV EXW KH GLG QRW NQRZ WKDW WKH 81 6HFXULW\ SUREOHPWREH RI JUHDWVLJQLILFDQFHµ7KH UHDVRQVIRUWKHH[LVWHQFHRI WKHWZRFXOWXUHVDUH &RXQFLOKDGVKDUHGKLVYLHZRIWKH,VUDHOLDFWLRQIRU6HFXULW\&RXQFLO5HVROXWLRQ ZKLFK PDQ\ GHHS DQG FRPSOH[ VRPH URRWHG LQ VRFLDO KLVWRULHV VRPH LQ SHUVRQDO KLVWRULHV DQG GHPDQGHGWKDW,VUDHOPDNHUHSDUDWLRQV ZDVSDVVHGRQO\RQHGD\EHIRUHWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH VRPH LQ WKH LQQHU G\QDPLF RI WKH GLIIHUHQW NLQGV RI PHQWDO DFWLYLW\ WKHPVHOYHV¶ ,Q DUWLFOHLQOn Dit (QJODQGLQ&RPPRQZHDOWKFRXQWULHVDQGLQWKH86UHDFWLRQWRWKHOHFWXUHZDVIDYRXUDEOH )CP Snow’s two cultures (April 1962) 6QRZFDPHWREHUHJDUGHGDVDVDJHDQGKLVLQVLJKWVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGSURIRXQG µ7KH3RYHUW\RI&36QRZ¶ 7KHLPSDFWRIWKHOHFWXUHKDVQRWZDQHGZLWKWLPH,Q6WHIDQ&ROOLQLEURXJKWRXW 2QWK0D\&KDUOHV3HUF\6QRZ&%(DQ(QJOLVKVFLHQWLVWDQGQRYHOLVWGHOLYHUHGWKH DQHZHGLWLRQ,QThe Times Literary SupplementLQFOXGHGThe Two Cultures and the 5HGH/HFWXUHLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&DPEULGJH :KHQLWZDVSXEOLVKHGLQWKH Scientific Revolution LQ LWV OLVW RI WKH ERRNV ZKLFK KDG PDGH WKH JUHDWHVW LPSDFW RQ WLWOHThe Two Cultures and the Scientific RevolutionKLJKOLJKWHGWKHIROORZLQJWZRWKHVHV ZHVWHUQ SXEOLF GLVFRXUVH VLQFH WKH 6HFRQG :RUOG :DU ,Q LQ DQ DUWLFOH LQ WKH RIWKHOHFWXUH Guardian &ROOLQL DVNHG ZKDW VLJQLILFDQFH 6QRZ¶V OHFWXUH DQG LWV FULWLFV VWLOO KDG DW WKH SUHVHQWWLPH +RJJDQ'DYLGThe Myth of the Six Million $$$5*+HGLWLRQRQOLQH ± ,W ZDV WKH WZR FXOWXUHV DQDO\VLV UDWKHU WKDQ WKH VFLHQWLILF UHYROXWLRQ ZKLFK KDG WKH KWWSZZZYKRRUJDDDUJKIUDQOLYUHVKRJJDQSGI! $QJOR6D[RQ ZRUOG WDONLQJ 6WDII LQ XQLYHUVLWLHV DOZD\V LQWURVSHFWLYH DQG VHQVLWLYH WR 6HH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL/DZVBDJDLQVWB+RORFDXVWBGHQLDO! 2QHXQIRUWXQDWHH[DPSOHLVWKHVRFDOOHGµ$GHODLGH,QVWLWXWH¶VHH KWWSZZZWREHQEL]! FULWLFLVP SRQGHUHG WKH WZR FXOWXUHV WKHPH 2XU 'HDQ 1RUYDO 0RUULV GLVFXVVHG LW ZLWK $SULO On Dit PHPEHUV RI VWDII LQFOXGLQJ PH , IRXQG LW KDUG WR ZDUP WR 6QRZ SHUKDSV EHFDXVH LQ WKH +HZDVDOVRDWWLPHVWKHKROGHURILPSRUWDQWSRVLWLRQVLQWKHFLYLOVHUYLFHDQG0LQLVWHURI7HFKQRORJ\ LQWKH+DUROG:LOVRQDGPLQLVWUDWLRQIURPWRIRUIXUWKHUGHWDLODQGWKHKRQRXUVEHVWRZHG XSRQKLPVHH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL&B3B6QRZ! IROORZHGE\DIXUWKHUERRNThe Two Cultures: And a Second Look: An Expanded Version of The Two 6QRZ&KDUOHV3HUF\The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution &DPEULGJHDQG1<&83 Cultures and the Scientific Revolution &83 7KHERRNOHWLVDYDLODEOHRQOLQH±VHH 6QRZ &KDUOHV3HUF\ The Two Cultures LQWURGXFWLRQE\6WHIDQ&ROOLQL &83 KWWSVFLHQFHSROLF\FRORUDGRHGXVWXGHQWVHQYVBVQRZBSGI!DQG KWWSVI µ7KH+XQGUHG0RVW,QIOXHQWLDO%RRNVVLQFHWKH:DU¶±The TimesLiterary SupplementRI-XQH ZDONHURUJXNSXEVHERRNVFXOWXUHV5HGHOHFWXUHFXOWXUHVSGI!7KHOHFWXUHKDGEHHQSUHFHGHGE\DQ &ROOLQL6WHIDQµ/HDYLVY6QRZWKHWZRFXOWXUHVEXVWXS\HDUVRQ¶The GuardianRI$XJXVW DUWLFOHRIWKHVDPHWLWOHLQWKHNew StatesmanRI2FWREHUDQGWKHSXEOLVKHGYHUVLRQZDV ±VHH KWWSZZZWKHJXDUGLDQFRPERRNVDXJOHDYLVVQRZWZRFXOWXUHVEXVW! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VFLHQWLILFDOO\ RULHQWHG KLJK VFKRRO , KDG DWWHQGHG LQ *HUPDQ\ 0DWKHPDWLFV 3K\VLFV VXSSRVHGO\SURSKHWLFXWWHUDQFHVDVFOLFKpULGGHQDQGVXSHUILFLDO7KHUHDVRQ/HDYLVJDYH &KHPLVWU\DQG %LRORJ\ KDG VXSSRVHGO\EHHQ WKH FRUH RI WKH FXUULFXOXP EXW OLWHUDWXUHDQG IRU 6QRZ¶V ZLGHVSUHDG SRSXODU DFFODLP ZDV WKDW KH µXWWHUV KLV SODWLWXGHV ZLWK VXFK VHOI ODQJXDJHV *HUPDQ(QJOLVK/DWLQDQG)UHQFK KDGWDNHQXSMXVWDVPXFKWLPH6QRZ¶V FRQILGHQFHLQSDUWEHFDXVHWKH\VHHPWRKLPDQGWRPDQ\RIKLVUHDGHUVWREHVRREYLRXVO\ WKHVLV PLJKWQRW KDYH PDGH PXFK VHQVH WR)LQQLV DQG KLV IULHQGV HLWKHU IRULQ WKHLU FLUFOH WUXH¶/HDYLVZDVZLGHO\FRQVLGHUHGPLVWDNHQDQGWKHWRQHRIKLVXWWHUDQFHVZDVUHJDUGHG FURVVLQJWKHERXQGDU\EHWZHHQWKHWZRFXOWXUHVZDVQRWXQFRPPRQ DVVFDQGDORXV0RUHWKDQWKLUW\LUDWHOHWWHUVFRQGHPQLQJ/HDYLV¶VDWWDFNZHUHSULQWHGLQWKH $FFRUGLQJ WR 6QRZ VFLHQWLVWV FRQVWLWXWH D FXOWXUH LQ DQ LQWHOOHFWXDO DQG DQ Spectator DQWKURSRORJLFDO VHQVH 0RVW RI WKHP VR KH VDLG FRPH IURP SRRU IDPLOLHV DQG )LQQLVDQG$OHF+\VORSLQVSLUHGE\/HDYLVSXEOLVKHGLQOn Ditµ7KH3RYHUW\RI&3 XQGHUVWDQGWKDWSRYHUW\LVDWHUULEOHDIIOLFWLRQ7KH\WHQGWREHXQEHOLHYHUVDQGSROLWLFDOO\ 6QRZ¶ WKHLU RZQ KDUVK FULWLTXH RI 6QRZ¶V OHFWXUH 6QRZ VR WKH\ WKRXJKW KDG IDLOHG WR RQ WKH /HIW 6QRZ FRQWUDVWV WKH µWUDJLF¶ FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH LQGLYLGXDO ZKLFK LV EH\RQG SURYLGHDOLQNEHWZHHQKLV WZRWKHVHV VHHDERYHDWQ DQGVHHPHGHYHQWRKDYHEHHQ KXPDQFRQWURO µHDFKRIXVGLHVDORQH¶± ZLWKWKHVRFLDOFRQGLWLRQRIPDQNLQG6FLHQWLVWV XQDZDUHRIWKHQHHGIRURQH SRVVHVV WKH VNLOOV WKH IRUHVLJKW DQG WKH RSWLPLVP QHHGHG IRU WKH EHWWHUPHQW RI WKDW VRFLDO 1RZZHDVNZKDWLVWKHORJLFDOFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHWZRPDLQWKHPHVRIWKH FRQGLWLRQDQGWKH\DUHZLOOLQJWRKHOSZKHQQHFHVVDU\ IRUWKH\µKDYHWKHIXWXUHLQWKHLU OHFWXUH":KDWLV WKHUHWR FRQQHFW WKH WZRWKHVHV EH\RQG YDJXHQHVV DERXW PLVVLQJ ERQHV¶ 6QRZ ZDV ZLOOLQJ WR IRUJLYH VFLHQWLVWV IRU RIWHQ NQRZLQJ YHU\ OLWWOH DERXW ³FODVKLQJSRLQWV´DQGFUHDWLYHFKDQFHVDQGDEODQGO\XQVXEVWDQWLDWHGDVVHUWLRQWKDW VFLHQWLILFVSHFLDOWLHVRWKHUWKDQWKHLURZQIRUWKH\DUHXQLWHGE\µFRPPRQDWWLWXGHVFRPPRQ VFLHQWLVWV DUH PRUH FRQFHUQHG WKDQ QRQVFLHQWLVWV DERXW WKH PDWHULDO ZHOIDUH RI WKH VWDQGDUGV DQG SDWWHUQV RI EHKDYLRXU FRPPRQ DSSURDFKHV DQG DVVXPSWLRQV¶ XQGHUIHG"$QGLIWKDWDVVHUWLRQLVQRWERWKFHQWUDODQGSURYHQ6QRZ¶VOHFWXUH 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ NQRZLQJ PXFK DERXW OLWHUDWXUH LV QRW SDUW RI WKH VFLHQWLILF FXOWXUH ,Q KLV TXLWHOLWHUDOO\IDOOVDSDUW H[WHQVLYHSHUVRQDOREVHUYDWLRQVRKHVDLGRQHUDUHO\ILQGVDVFLHQWLVWZKRKDVUHDGPRUHWKDQ +DG6QRZUHDOO\EHHQVRREVHVVHGZLWKKLVWZRFXOWXUHVWKHPHWKDWKHKDGIDLOHGWRH[SODLQ µDELWRI'LFNHQV¶ LWVVLJQLILFDQFHWRWKHVFLHQWLILFUHYROXWLRQ"6QRZVDZLJQRUDQFHZKHUHYHUKHORRNHGµ+RZ 'HV&RRSHUZDVWKHILUVWWRFRPPHQWLQOn DitRQ6QRZ¶VOHFWXUH+LVUHYLHZZDV PDQ\HGXFDWHGSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLQGXVWU\ROGVW\OHRUQHZ"¶ 0DQ\SXUHVFLHQWLVWVDUH PRVWO\ IDYRXUDEOH IROORZLQJ WKH PDLQ OLQHV RI 6QRZ¶V UHDVRQLQJ /LNH 6QRZ &RRSHU µGHYDVWDWLQJO\LJQRUDQWRISURGXFWLYHLQGXVWU\¶WKH\DUHDOVRµGLPZLWWHGDERXWHQJLQHHUVDQG FRQGHPQHGOLWHUDU\LQWHOOHFWXDOVIRUWKHLUµDFWLYHKRVWLOLW\WRZDUGVNQRZLQJDQ\WKLQJRIWKH DSSOLHGVFLHQFH¶WKHSUDFWLWLRQHUVRIZKLFKDUHIDFLQJSUREOHPVµDVLQWHOOHFWXDOO\H[DFWLQJDV VFLHQFHV¶DQGFKDUJHGVFLHQWLVWVZLWKDODFNRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIOLWHUDWXUHRUKLVWRU\DIDFW SXUHSUREOHPV¶ 7KDWDOOURXQGJUHDWHUNQRZOHGJHRIWKHVHPDWWHUVZRXOGVSHHGXSWKH ZKLFKKHEODPHGRQWKHGHILFLHQF\RIDSXUHO\VFLHQWLILFHGXFDWLRQµ%HFDXVHRIWKLVQHLWKHU VFLHQWLILFUHYROXWLRQPLJKWEHVHOIHYLGHQWEXWWKDWRYHUFRPLQJWKHµSRODULVDWLRQ¶ RIWKH JURXSKDVIXOO\XQGHUVWRRGWKHLPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHVFLHQWLILFUHYROXWLRQ¶ WZR FXOWXUHV ZDV OLNHO\ WR KDYH WKH VDPH µSUDFWLFDO FRQVHTXHQFHV¶ LV OHVV REYLRXV &RPPHQWLQJRQ6QRZ¶VVXJJHVWLRQWKDWZHVWHUQFRXQWULHVVKRXOGIROORZ5XVVLDDQG 6QRZ¶VSURPLVHWRH[SODLQWKHVH UHPDLQHGXQIXOILOOHG+LVFRPPHQWVWKDWLIWKHWZR &KLQDDQGHGXFDWHVFLHQWLVWVDQGWHFKQRORJLVWVLQJUHDWHUQXPEHUVKHDVNHGZKHWKHUVXFKD FXOWXUHV KDG D µFODVKLQJ SRLQW¶ WKDW µRXJKW WR SURGXFH FUHDWLYH FKDQFHV¶ DQG ZRXOG FRXUVHZRXOGKXUWWKHKXPDQLVWWUDGLWLRQZKLFKµGLVWLQJXLVKHVXVIURP5XVVLD¶6QRZVRKH HQDEOH VRFLHW\ µWR WKLQN ZLWK ZLVGRP¶ PD\ QRW EH µSODWLWXGHV¶ /HDYLV EXW WKH\ DUH WKRXJKWKDGIDLOHGWRGHDOZLWKWKHWKUHDWVWRLQGLYLGXDOIUHHGRPDQGWRWKHLQWHJULW\RIWKH FHUWDLQO\ RYHUJHQHUDOLVHG DQG GR QRW HVWDEOLVK WKH OLQN ZKLFK )LQQLV DQG +\VORS IRXQG SHUVRQDOLW\ZKLFK*HRUJH2UZHOOKDGIRUHVHHQµDVFLHQWLILFWUDLQLQJDORQHLVLQDGHTXDWHIRU ZDQWLQJ RXUSUHVHQWVRFLHW\EHFDXVHLWZLOOQRWWUDLQSHRSOHZKRZLOOUHVLVWWKHIRUFHVWHQGLQJWRZDUG /LNH /HDYLV )LQQLV DQG +\VORS UHVHUYHG WKHLU KDUVKHVW FULWLFLVP IRU 6QRZ¶V WRWDOLWDULDQLVP¶2QHPLJKWPHQWLRQWKDW*HRUJH2UZHOO¶V1984KDGLQIDFWPDGHLWLQWRRQHRI FKDUDFWHULVDWLRQRIWKHµWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUH¶6QRZ¶VYLHZVRQWKLVDUHVFDWWHUHGWKURXJKRXWWKH 6QRZ¶VIRRWQRWHV±LQVXSSRUWRIKLVVXJJHVWLRQWKDWWKHµWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUH¶ZLVKHGWKDWWKH VSHHFKWKH\PLJKWEHVXPPHGXSDVIROORZV IXWXUH VKRXOG QRW H[LVW VXUHO\ D SHFXOLDU XVH RI 1984 'LG 6QRZ UHDOO\ ZLVK 2UZHOO¶V /LWHUDU\ LQWHOOHFWXDOV NQRZ QRWKLQJ HYHQ DERXW WKH PRVW H[FLWLQJ GHYHORSPHQWV LQ LPDJLQHGIXWXUHXSRQWKHZRUOG" VFLHQFH)HZKDYHKHDUGRIWKH6HFRQGODZRI7KHUPRG\QDPLFVRUNQRZPXFKDERXWVLPSOH $GPLUDWLRQ RI 6QRZ ZDV QRW XQLYHUVDO ,Q )HEUXDU\ )UDQN 5D\PRQG /HDYLV VFLHQWLILFFRQFHSWVOLNHPDVVRUDFFHOHUDWLRQ &RPSDUHGZLWKWKHRXWORRNRIVFLHQWLVWV GHOLYHUHG WKH 5LFKPRQG /HFWXUH DW 'RZQLQJ &ROOHJH &DPEULGJH GHVFULELQJ 6QRZ¶V WKH\ KDYH D ZLGHU VSUHDG RI DWWLWXGHV7KH\ FRQVWLWXWH D FXOWXUH QRW LW VHHPV EHFDXVH RI SRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHVRIWKHLURZQEXWEHFDXVHWKHµWRWDOLQFRPSUHKHQVLRQRIVFLHQFHUDGLDWHVLWV ,Q*HUPDQ\SRSXODUZLVGRPKDGLWWKDWWKHEHVWVFLHQWLVWVKDGQRWHPHUJHGIURPVFKRROVOLNHPLQH Naturwissenschaftliches Gymnasium EXWIURPWKHAltsprachlichen Gymnasien DQFLHQWODQJXDJHV LQIOXHQFHRQDOOWKHUHVW¶ DQGEHFDXVHWKH\VKDUHDQWLVFLHQWLILFDWWLWXGHVµ7KHIHHOLQJVRI KLJKVFKRROV ZKHUH/DWLQ*UHHNDQGVRPHWLPHV+HEUHZZHUHWDXJKW 'HV&RRSHUDEXGGLQJJHQHWLFLVWZURWHDFULWLFDOUHYLHZRIWKHWKLUGLVVXHRIWKHHGLWLRQRIVerve /HDYLV)UDQN5D\PRQGTwo Cultures? The Significance of C.P. Snow LQWURGXFWLRQE\6WHIDQ&ROOLQL DPDJD]LQHSXEOLVKHGE\WKH8QLYHUVLW\¶V/LWHUDU\6RFLHW\DQGGHYRWHGWRFRQWULEXWLRQVLQYHUVHSURVH &DPEULGJH&83 DQGWROLWHUDU\FULWLFLVP± 2FWREHU On Dit 7KDWLVKRZ&ROOLQLVXPPDULVHGWKLVSDUWRI/HDYLV¶VDUJXPHQWLQ&ROOLQL/HDYLVDERYHQ µ,WZDVQRIXQEHLQJDQDJULFXOWXUDOODERXUHULQWKHPLGWRODWHHLJKWHHQWKFHQWXU\LQWKHWLPHWKDWZH .LPEDOO5RJHUµ7KH7ZR&XOWXUHVWRGD\¶The New CriterionRI)HEUXDU\±VHH VQREVWKDWZHDUHWKLQNRIRQO\DVWKHWLPHRIWKH(QOLJKWHQPHQWDQG-DQH$XVWLQ ¶ KWWSZZZQHZFULWHULRQFRPDUWLFOHVFIP7KH7ZR&XOWXUHVWRGD\! µ6FLHQFH´DQGWKH+XPDQLWLHV¶ -XO\ On Dit 7KHRQHSUDFWLFDOH[DPSOHKHJLYHVLVWKDWµUHIUDFWLRQ¶DSSHDUVWREHWKHRQO\VFLHQWLILFWHUPZKLFKKDV 6QRZTwo CulturesDERYHQQ IRXQGLWVZD\LQWRSRHWU\ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

RQHSROHEHFRPHWKHDQWLIHHOLQJVRIWKHRWKHU,IWKHVFLHQWLVWVKDYHWKHIXWXUHLQWKHLUERQHV 6QRZ¶VUHFRUGDVDSUHGLFWRURIWKHIXWXUHRIWKHVFLHQWLILFUHYROXWLRQLVPL[HG+LV WKHQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO FXOWXUH UHVSRQGV E\ ZLVKLQJ WKH IXWXUH GLG QRW H[LVW¶ 6QRZ¶V FRPPHQWWKDWµ>FKLOGUHQ@DUHSLFNLQJXSSLHFHVRIDSSOLHGVFLHQFHEHIRUHWKH\FDQUHDG¶ FRQGHPQDWLRQRIKLVOLWHUDU\IULHQGVFRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQPRUHVZHHSLQJµ,IZHIRUJHWWKH EULQJV WR PLQG WKH HDVH ZLWK ZKLFK WKH \RXQJVWHUV RI WRGD\ DUH FRSLQJ ZLWK WKHLU PRELOH VFLHQWLILFFXOWXUHWKHQWKHUHVWRIZHVWHUQLQWHOOHFWXDOVKDYHQHYHUWULHGZDQWHGRUEHHQDEOH GHYLFHV+HUHJDUGHGWKHWKHQSUHYDLOLQJYLHZWKDWZRPHQZHUHQRWVXLWHGWRVFLHQWLILFDQG WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHLQGXVWULDOUHYROXWLRQPXFKOHVVDFFHSWLW,QWHOOHFWXDOVLQSDUWLFXODUOLWHUDU\ HQJLQHHULQJFDUHHUVDVµRQHRIRXUPDMRUIROOLHV¶ Q \HWDQRWKHUSUHGLFWLYHVXFFHVV LQWHOOHFWXDOV DUH QDWXUDO /XGGLWHV¶ 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ VR 6QRZ VXJJHVWV WKH µWUDGLWLRQDO 6QRZSUHGLFWVWKHLQGXVWULDOGHYHORSPHQWRI&KLQDWKRXJKQRWTXLWHLQWKHIRUPLQZKLFKLW FXOWXUH¶ ZKLFKKHHTXDWHVZLWKOLWHUDU\LQWHOOHFWXDOV µPDQDJHVWKHZHVWHUQZRUOG¶ DFWXDOO\ XQIROGHG +H WKRXJKW WKDW &KLQD ZDV µEHWZL[W DQG EHWZHHQ QRW \HW RYHU WKH 7KLVZDVKDUGO\DQDGHTXDWHVXPPDU\RIRXUSKLORVRSKLFDODQGUHOLJLRXVWUDGLWLRQRU LQGXVWULDOKXPS¶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³PRUHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHVRFLDOOLIH´WKDQ6KDZ7DZQH\VKDOO ,WORRNHGDWILUVWDVWKRXJKWKH&KLQHVHZRXOGSURYH6QRZZURQJ7KH*UHDW/HDS)RUZDUG ZHVD\+XPH/DZUHQFH2UZHOO ZKLFK 0DR =HGRQJ KDG LQLWLDWHG LQ WR WUDQVIRUP &KLQD IURP DQ DJULFXOWXUDO LQWR DQ 7KH\ DJUHHG ZLWK /HDYLV WKDW 6QRZ KDG H[SRVHG KLV FRPSOHWH LJQRUDQFH µRI WKH QDWXUH RI LQGXVWULDO FRXQWU\ UHVXOWHG LQ HFRQRPLF FKDRV DQG PDVV VWDUYDWLRQ DQG ZDV DEDQGRQHG LQ FLYLOLVDWLRQDQGWKHKLVWRU\RILWVUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVRIWKHKXPDQKLVWRU\RIWKH,QGXVWULDO +RZHYHU XQGHU 0DR &KLQD KDG ODFNHG IRUHLJQ FDSLWDO ZKLFK 6QRZ KDG GHFODUHG 5HYROXWLRQRIWKHKXPDQVLJQLILFDQFHVLQWKDWUHYROXWLRQRIOLWHUDWXUH¶ LQGLVSHQVDEOH 2QFHWKDWZDVDGGHGDIWHU'HQJ;LDRSLQJKDGRSHQHG&KLQDWRIRUHLJQ 7KH GLVWLQFWLRQ 6QRZ KDG GUDZQ EHWZHHQ WKH LQGLYLGXDO FRQGLWLRQ WUDJLF DQG WKH LQYHVWPHQW DQG KDG LQWURGXFHG D PDUNHW HFRQRP\ &KLQD¶V SURJUHVV EHFDPH WUXO\ UDSLG VRFLDOFRQGLWLRQ LPSURYDEOH VHHPVKDUPOHVV HQRXJKWR PH+RZHYHU )LQQLV DQG+\VORS :KHQDSSOLHGWR &KLQD6QRZ¶V FRPPHQWRQ RQHRI WKHHIIHFWV RILQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ SURYHG SHUKDSVPRUHSHUFHSWLYHO\VDZ6QRZ¶VGLVWLQFWLRQDVKLVµPRVWVHULRXVDQGSHUYDVLYHHUURU¶ WUXHµLQDQ\FRXQWU\ZKHUHWKH\KDYHKDGWKHFKDQFHWKHSRRUKDYHZDONHGRIIWKHODQGLQWR IRULWKDGEOLQGHGKLPWRWKHULFKQHVVRIRXUWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUHDQGLWVQHFHVVDU\IRFXVRQWKH WKHIDFWRULHVDVIDVWDVWKHIDFWRULHVFRXOGWDNHWKHP¶ &KLQDLVQRZWKHVHFRQGODUJHVW LQGLYLGXDO ,Q VXSSRUW WKH\ TXRWHG IURP 0DWWKHZ$UQROG¶V 5HGH /HFWXUH µ/LWHUDWXUH HFRQRP\LQWKHZRUOG±VKHKDVJUDVSHGDQGH[SORLWHG6QRZ¶VµWULFNRIJHWWLQJULFK¶ DQG6FLHQFH¶ $FFRUGLQJWR5RJHU.LPEDOO$UQROGKDGVWDWHGWKDWµFXOWXUHZRXOGFRQWLQXHWR 6QRZ ZDV PHVPHULVHG E\ WHFKQRORJ\ DQG LJQRUHG RWKHU QHFHVVDU\ SUHFRQGLWLRQV WR SURYLGHPDQNLQGZLWKLWVIXOFUXPRIPRUDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJ¶ SURJUHVVDQGSURVSHULW\8QGHU0DRWKH&KLQHVH*RYHUQPHQWZDVDXWRFUDWLFLQWKHH[WUHPH &RQFHUQLQJ WKH VFLHQWLILF UHYROXWLRQ )LQQLV DQG +\VORS IROORZHG /HDYLV ZKR KDG 7KHIODZVRI5XVVLDQVW\OHFHQWUDOLVHGHFRQRPLFSODQQLQJPD\QRW\HWKDYHEHHQREYLRXVE\ SURQRXQFHG 6QRZ¶V DQDO\VLV µLQFRQVHTXHQWLDO¶ DJUHHLQJ RQO\ ZLWK KLV µQRW YHU\ RULJLQDO¶ EXWWKHWHUURURIWKHVDQGWKHSUREOHPVRIWUDQVLWLRQWRSRZHUDIWHU6WDOLQ¶VGHDWKLQ VXJJHVWLRQWKDWVFLHQWLILFHGXFDWLRQPLJKWQHHGWREHLPSURYHG,QWKHLUILQDOIORXULVKWKH\ PXVW KDYH LPSUHVVHG XSRQ LQWHOOLJHQW REVHUYHUV WKH GHIHFWV RI 6RYLHW JRYHUQPHQWDO RXWGLG HYHQ /HDYLV E\ FKDVWLVLQJ µWKH EDQDOLW\ RI >6QRZ¶V@ VW\OHWKHIHHEOHQHVVRIKLV DUUDQJHPHQWV

*CP Snow’s science and government (April 1962) HYHQLI\RXZLOOEHZURQJ¶,WZDVVXFKFRPPHQWVZKLFKHDUQHG6QRZWKHKHDGLQJRIWKHLU µ6DQFWD6LPSOLFLWDVDQG6QRZ¶ DUWLFOHµ6DQFWD6LPSOLFLWDVDQG6QRZ¶ ,Q6QRZGHOLYHUHGWKH*RGNLQ/HFWXUHVDW+DUYDUGRQScience and Government7KH\ 6QRZDOVRZDQWVWRH[FOXGHVFLHQWLVWVDQGHQJLQHHUVZKRKDYHLQYHQWHGJDGJHWVIRU ZHUH SXEOLVKHG D \HDU ODWHU 0RVW RI WKH ERRN RI SDJHV LV DQ DFFRXQW RI WKH HDUO\ WKH\ WHQG WR KDYH DQ REVHVVLRQDO FRPPLWPHQW WR WKHLU LQYHQWLRQV 6FLHQWLVWV ZKR DUH IULHQGVKLS DQG ODWHU HQPLW\ EHWZHHQ WZR SURPLQHQW %ULWLVK *RYHUQPHQW VFLHQWLVWV ± REVHVVLRQDO DERXW WKHLU SURMHFW RU DERXW VHFUHF\ PXVW DOVR EH WUHDWHG ZLWK FDXWLRQ 2QHLV6LU+HQU\7L]DUGDPDWKHPDWLFLDQDQGFKHPLVWFKDLUPDQRIWKH&RPPLWWHHIRUWKH 6QRZ¶V GHILQLWLRQ RI µJDGJHW¶ LV VR EURDG >µDQ\ SUDFWLFDO GHYLFH IURP DQ HJJ EHDWHU WR D 6FLHQWLILF 6WXG\ RI $LU 'HIHQFH HVWDEOLVKHG E\ WKH %ULWLVK *RYHUQPHQW LQ ZKLFK K\GURJHQERPE¶ Q @WKDWLWZRXOGGLVTXDOLI\7L]DUG ZKRGHYHORSHGUDGDU DQGLQIDFW GHYHORSHG UDGDU 7KH RWKHU LV )UHGHULFN /LQGHPDQQ D SK\VLFLVW ODWHU WKH VW 9LVFRXQW DODUJHSDUWRIWKHVFLHQWLILFFRPPXQLW\'HVSLWH6QRZ¶VIRFXVRQWKHVHH[FOXVLRQVDSRVLWLYH &KHUZHOO ZKR EHFDPH D FORVH IULHQG DQG FRQILGDQW RI :LQVWRQ &KXUFKLOO DQG LQIOXHQFHG PHVVDJHFDQDOVREHIRXQGDOWKRXJKLWLVVFDWWHUHGWKURXJKRXWERWKERRNV,WPD\EHVSHOOHG PDQ\GHIHQFHGHFLVLRQVPDGHGXULQJWKHZDU RXWDVIROORZV 5HYLHZHUVKDYHWHQGHGWRIRFXVRQWKLVLQWHUHVWLQJVWRU\3DXO-RKQVRQWKRXJKWWKDWLW 0DQ\VRFLHWLHVDUHVWLOOµIXWXUHGLUHFWHG¶ 6RFLDOLVWFRXQWULHV" EXWWKHROGVRFLHWLHVRI SURYLGHGµDWDQWDOLVLQJJOLPSVHRIWKHZD\VXSUHPHGHIHQFHGHFLVLRQVDUHPDGH¶,QWKHLU :HVWHUQ(XURSHDQGHYHQWKDWRIWKH86DUHµEHJLQQLQJWRVKUXJRIIRXUVHQVHRIWKHIXWXUH¶ On DitDUWLFOH)LQQLVDQG+\VORSFDOOHGLWµWKHPRVWUHVSHFWDEOHVHFWLRQRIWKHERRN¶6QRZ DQGDUHEHFRPLQJµH[LVWHQWLDOVRFLHWLHV¶ E\ZKLFKRQHDVVXPHVKHPHDQWWKDWWKH\OLYH KLPVHOISUREDEO\VDZLWDVDNLQGRIFDVHVWXG\IURPZKLFKWRGUDZLPSRUWDQWOHVVRQV7RKLP IRUWKHSUHVHQWDQGOHDYHWKHIXWXUHWRFKDQFH,QVXFKVRFLHWLHVLQSDUWLFXODUWKRVHRIWKH86 7L]DUGµDPDQDVWRXJKDQGEUDYHDVPHQDUHPDGH¶ ZDVµWKHEHVWVFLHQWLILFPLQGWKDWLQ DQGWKH8.FLYLOVHUYDQWVDUHQRWJRRGDWORQJWHUPSODQQLQJIRUWKH\DUHµPDVWHUVRIWKH (QJODQGKDVHYHUDSSOLHGLWVHOIWRZDU¶ /LQGHPDQQRQWKHRWKHUKDQGGLGQRWGHVHUYHWKH VKRUWWHUP VROXWLRQ¶ $ KDQGIXO RI PHQ PDNH µFDUGLQDO FKRLFHV¶ RQH RI 6QRZ¶V NH\ JUHDW LQIOXHQFH KH KDG RQ &KXUFKLOO IRU KLV DGYLFH ZDV RIWHQ ZURQJ 2QH H[DPSOH LV WKH FRQFHSWV DERXW PDQ\ PDWWHUV ZLWKRXW DQ LQGHSWK XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH UHOHYDQW GHFLVLRQ RQ /LQGHPDQQ¶V DGYLFH WR FRQFHQWUDWH VWUDWHJLF ERPELQJ RI *HUPDQ FLWLHV RQ SUHFRQGLWLRQVDQGRIWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVWKHLUFKRLFHVPLJKWKDYH)RULPSRUWDQWGHFLVLRQV ZRUNHUV¶KRXVHVLQWKHH[SHFWDWLRQWKDWWKLVZRXOGVDS*HUPDQPRUDOHDQGWKXVHQGWKHZDU FRQFHUQLQJVXFKWKLQJVDVWKHGHVLJQRIKHDOWKV\VWHPV JRYHUQPHQWVRIWHQODFNVXIILFLHQW LWWXUQHGRXWWRKDYHEHHQDPLVWDNHQFDOFXODWLRQ ± DGYLFH DQG FRRSHUDWLRQ IURP VFLHQWLILF H[SHUWV7KLV µEL]DUUH¶VLWXDWLRQ LV WKH UHVXOW RI µWKH ,Q WKHLU DUWLFOH )LQQLV DQG +\VORS FRQVLGHUHG 6QRZ¶V PDLQ FRQWHQWLRQ viz WKDW ODFNRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQVFLHQWLVWVDQGQRQVFLHQWLVWV¶ DQµH[SUHVVLRQLQSROLWLFDO VFLHQWLVWV VKRXOG EH JLYHQ D JUHDWHU SDUW LQ JRYHUQPHQW DV VHOIHYLGHQWO\ ZHOOIRXQGHG DQGDGPLQLVWUDWLYHWHUPVRIWKHVSOLWEHWZHHQ>WKH@WZRFXOWXUHV¶ $FFRUGLQJWR6QRZRXU 6FLHQWLVWVLQWKHVHUYLFHRIJRYHUQPHQWZRXOGFRQWULEXWHJUHDWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWHFKQLFDO VRFLHWLHVPXVWLQWURGXFHVFLHQWLVWVLQWRµDOOWKHOHYHOVRIJRYHUQPHQW¶ DVDSSHDUVWRKDYH LVVXHV ZRXOG EH D OLQN WR WKH VFLHQWLILF FRPPXQLW\ DQG ZRXOG KHOS QRQVFLHQWLILF KDSSHQHGLQWKH6RYLHW8QLRQ 6FLHQWLVWVKDYHTXDOLWLHVZKLFKDUHQHHGHGWREXLOGWKH DGPLQLVWUDWRUVWRDIXOOHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHLVVXHVWKH\KDGWRGHDOZLWK7KH\IROORZHG IXWXUHµ,EHOLHYHVFLHQWLVWVKDYHVRPHWKLQJWRJLYHZKLFKRXUNLQGRIH[LVWHQWLDOVRFLHW\LV 6QRZ WR WKLV SRLQW EXW QR IXUWKHU DQG ZHUH JHQHUDOO\ YHU\ FULWLFDO RI KLV REVHUYDWLRQV DQG GHVSHUDWHO\VKRUWRIIRUHVLJKW ¶)RUHVLJKW ZKLFKKHDOVRFDOOVµSUHVFLHQFH¶ LVPRUH SURSRVDOV WKDQMXVWNQRZOHGJH,WLVµDQH[SHFWDWLRQRINQRZOHGJHWRFRPH>ZKLFK@DVFLHQWLVWLIKHKDV ,WPD\ZHOOEHWKDWWKH7L]DUG/LQGHPDQQVWRU\GLGQRW\LHOGPXFKPRUHWKDQWKHIHZ WKLVNLQGRIVHQVLWLYLW\ODWHQWLQKLPSLFNVXSGXULQJKLVVFLHQWLILFH[SHULHQFH¶ 6FLHQWLVWV QHJDWLYHOHVVRQVZKLFK6QRZGUHZIURPLW2QHRIWKHVHZDVWKDW/LQGHPDQQHPERGLHGWKH µNQRZZKDWDIXWXUHGLUHFWHGVRFLHW\IHHOVOLNHIRUVFLHQFHLWVHOILQLWVKXPDQDVSHFWLVMXVW GDQJHURIKDYLQJMXVWRQHµVROLWDU\VFLHQWLILFRYHUORUG¶ZLWKQRRWKHUVFLHQWLVWQHDUKLPZKRLV WKDW¶ ± (QJLQHHUV VKRXOG DOVR SOD\ D UROH LQ JRYHUQPHQW EXW SXUH VFLHQWLVWV DUH FRQVLGHUHGE\QRQVFLHQWLILFGHFLVLRQPDNHUVDVµWKHDOOZLVHDOONQRZLQJ3URI¶ )LQQLV SDUWLFXODUO\ LPSRUWDQW EHFDXVH µSDUWO\ E\ WUDLQLQJ SDUWO\ E\ VHOIVHOHFWLRQ WKH\ LQFOXGH D DQG +\VORS IRXQG LW GLIILFXOW WR UHFRQFLOH WKLV ZLWK 6QRZ¶V FRPPHQGDWRU\ FRPPHQW WKDW QXPEHU RI VSHFXODWLYH DQG VRFLDOO\ LPDJLQDWLYH PLQGV¶ ,Q PDWWHUV SHUWDLQLQJ WR WKH WKRXJKRIWHQZURQJ/LQGHPDQQµGURYHVRPHWKLQJVWKURXJKDVDQRQVFLHQWLVWFRXOGQRWKDYH PRUDOOLIHVFLHQWLVWVµDUHE\DQGODUJHWKHVRXQGHVWJURXSRILQWHOOHFWXDOVZHKDYHWKHUHLVD GRQH¶ DQG KLVIXUWKHU UHODWHG REVHUYDWLRQ WKDW EHLQJ ULJKWLVOHVV LPSRUWDQWWKDQEHLQJ PRUDO FRPSRQHQW ULJKW LQ WKH JUDLQ RI VFLHQFH LWVHOI ¶ :KHQ WKH\ ZRUN LQ XQGHU SRVLWLYH 7KLVODVWFRPPHQWWKH\IRXQGVRRGGWKDWWKH\ZRQGHUHGZKHWKHUWKH\FRXOG GHYHORSHGFRXQWULHVWKH\ZLOODEDQGRQDQ\NLQGRISDWHUQDOLVPZKLFKLVUHVHQWHGWKHUHIRU WUXVWWKHLUH\HV7KH\LQWHUSUHWHG6QRZ¶VVXJJHVWLRQWKDWHYHQDWWKHKLJKHVWOHYHOVRIVHYHUDO WKH\ DUH IUHH RI UDFLDO IHHOLQJV WKHLU FXOWXUH LV D GHPRFUDWLF RQH DQG WKH\ EHOLHYH LQ SODQVSURSRVHGWKHVLPSOHVWLVOLNHO\WRZLQ ± DVDPRXQWLQJWRWKHDGYLFHµEHVLPSOH HTXDOLW\

6QRZZDVYHU\FRPSOLPHQWDU\DERXW(QJOLVKSURIHVVLRQDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVZKRPKHGHVFULEHGDV 0D\ On Dit µH[WUHPHO\LQWHOOLJHQWKRQRXUDEOHWRXJKWROHUDQWDQGJHQHURXV¶WKH\RIWHQVKRZHGµZLVGRP¶EXW 6QRZ&KDUOHV3HUF\Science and Government /RQGRQ283 ZLVGRPZDVQRWHQRXJK )URPLWVVHFUHWDU\ZDV$OEHUW3HUFLYDO5RZHODWHU9LFH&KDQFHOORURIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH 6QRZVSHDNVRIµPHQZKRFDQQRWKDYHDILUVWKDQGNQRZOHGJHRIZKDWWKRVHFKRLFHVGHSHQGXSRQDQG -RKQVRQ3DXOµ-XSLWHU&RPSOH[¶LQNew StatesmanRI$SULOS±3HULRGLFDOV$UFKLYH ZKDWWKHLUUHVXOWVPD\EH¶ 2QOLQH±VHH 6QRZTwo CulturesDERYHQ KWWSVHDUFKSURTXHVWFRPH]SUR[\OLEUDU\XTHGXDXSDRGRFYLHZIXOOWH[W3')&' µ7KH\DUHIUHHUWKDQPRVWSHRSOHIURPUDFLDOIHHOLQJWKHLURZQFXOWXUHLVLQLWVKXPDQUHODWLRQVD '($&34"DFFRXQWLG ! GHPRFUDWLFRQH,QWKHLURZQLQWHUQDOFOLPDWHWKHEUHH]HRIWKHHTXDOLW\RIPDQKLWV\RXLQWKHIDFH The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

6QRZ WUHDWV WKH GHYHORSPHQW DQG WKH HPSOR\PHQW RI WKH ILVVLRQ ERPE LQ WKH ZDU WKH)UDQFN5HSRUWRI-XQH ZKLFKDUJXHGLQJUHDWHUGHWDLOPXFKWKHVDPHFDVHEXW DJDLQVW-DSDQDVKLVPRVWLPSRUWDQWH[DPSOHRIDµFDUGLQDOFKRLFH¶PDGHE\DJRYHUQPHQW DGGHGDSOHDIRUVWLOOJUHDWHUFDXWLRQDQGUHVWUDLQW ,WLV PHQWLRQHGDJDLQDQG DJDLQLQ WKH ERRN ±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¶V ZDV SOD\HG E\ /HR 6]LOiUG DXWKRU RI WKH (LQVWHLQ DVDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHWRWDOGHVWUXFWLRQRIWKLVWDUJHW 6]LOiUG OHWWHU WR WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI $XJXVW ZKLFK SRLQWHG RXW WKDW *HUPDQ\ ZDV 6QRZPD\QRWKDYHNQRZQRIWKH6]LOiUG3HWLWLRQIRUWKDWZDVNHSWVHFUHWXQWLOEXW GHYHORSLQJWKHDWRPLFERPEWKXVSURPSWLQJWKH86*RYHUQPHQWWRLQLWLDWHWKH0DQKDWWDQ KHUHIHUUHGWRWKH)UDQFN5HSRUW 7KHBulletin of the Atomic ScientistsKDGSXEOLVKHGLW 3URMHFW 6QRZ FRXOG KDYH TXRWHG $OEHUW (LQVWHLQ¶V OHWWHU WR 3UHVLGHQW 5RRVHYHOW RI ZLWKDQH[SODQDWRU\FRPPHQW µ%HIRUH+LURVKLPD¶ DQGRQO\PLQRUGHOHWLRQVLQ 0DUFKZULWWHQWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHYLHZVRI6]LOiUGZRXOGEHJLYHQGXHFRQVLGHUDWLRQ +DG6QRZXVHGWKLVLQVWHDGRIWKH7L]DUG/LQGHPDQQVWRU\WRVXSSRUWKLVDUJXPHQWV DWWKHKLJKHVWSROLWLFDOOHYHO WKH\ ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ PRUH SHUVXDVLYH +RZHYHU EHFDXVH RI WKH H[WUDRUGLQDU\ FLUFXPVWDQFHVHYHQWKHVWRU\RIWKHDWRPLFERPEZRXOGQRWKDYHYDOLGDWHGKLVYHU\EURDG 'U 6]LOiUG LV JUHDWO\ FRQFHUQHG DERXW WKH ODFN RI DGHTXDWH FRQWDFW EHWZHHQ VFLHQWLVW sic ZKR DUH GRLQJ WKLV ZRUN DQG PHPEHUV RI \RXU FDELQHW ZKR DUH JHQHUDOLVDWLRQV UHVSRQVLEOHIRUIRUPXODWLQJSROLF\,QWKHFLUFXPVWDQFHV,FRQVLGHULWP\GXW\WRJLYH :KLOHPDQ\RIWKH&KLFDJRSHWLWLRQHUVDVZHOODV)UDQFNDQGKLVFROOHDJXHVVKRZHG 'U6]LOi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iUGVXEPLWWHGDSHWLWLRQWRWKH3UHVLGHQWVLJQHGE\ 0RUHRYHUQRWDOOVKDUHG)UDQFN¶VDQG6]LOODUG¶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¶V GHVHUW LVODQG RSWLRQ ZKLOH DERXW KDOI IDYRXUHG LWV XVH RQ D SXUHO\ PLOLWDU\ SHDFHGHDOZRXOGDOORZWKHPWROLYHDQGZRUNSHDFHIXOO\LQWKHLUKRPHODQGDQGWKDWIDLOXUHWR LQVWDOODWLRQ2WKHUOHDGLQJQXFOHDUVFLHQWLVWVRXWVLGHWKH&KLFDJRJURXSZHUHPRUHFDVXDO VXUUHQGHUPLJKWIRUFHWKH86WRXVHQXFOHDUERPEVDJDLQVWWKHPµLQFHUWDLQFLUFXPVWDQFHV¶ (QULFR)HUPLZLWK6]LOiUGRQHRIWKHPRVWFUXFLDOILJXUHVLQWKHFUHDWLRQRIWKHERPELVVDLG 7KH SHWLWLRQ FRQWLQXHG µ6XFK D VWHS KRZHYHU RXJKW QRW WR EH PDGH DW DQ\ WLPH ZLWKRXW WRKDYHH[FODLPHGµ'RQ¶WERWKHUPHZLWK\RXUFRQVFLHQWLRXVVFUXSOHV7KHWKLQJLVVXSHUE VHULRXVO\FRQVLGHULQJWKHPRUDOUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVZKLFKDUHLQYROYHG¶ SK\VLFV¶:DVKHRQHRI6QRZ¶VREVHVVLRQDOJDGJHWHHUV" (YHQEHIRUHWKH7ULQLW\7HVWDFRPPLWWHHRIWKUHHSK\VLFLVWVWKUHHFKHPLVWVDQGWKUHH 7KH)UDQFN5HSRUWZDVYHWWHGE\WKUHHRI)UDQFN¶VFROOHDJXHV(QULFR)HUPL(UQHVW ELRORJLVWVXQGHUWKHFKDLUPDQVKLSRI-DPHV)UDQFNKDGVXEPLWWHGDUHSRUWWRWKH3UHVLGHQW 2UODQGR /DZUHQFH DQG 5REHUW 2SSHQKHLPHU FRQFOXGHG µZH FDQQRW SURSRVH D WHFKQLFDO GHPRQVWUDWLRQOLNHO\WREULQJDQHQGWRWKHZDUDQGZHVHHQRDFFHSWDEOHDOWHUQDWLYHWRGLUHFW PLOLWDU\XVH¶$UPHGZLWKWKLVDGYLFH6HFUHWDU\RI:DU6WLPVRQUHMHFWHGWKH)UDQFN5HSRUW VRPHWLPHVUDWKHUURXJKO\¶±,ELG 6HH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL-DPHVB)UDQFN!6HHDOVR5LFH6WXDUW$DQG-RUWQHU-RVKXDJames Franck 1882 – 1964, A Biographical Memoir :DVKLQJWRQ'&1DWLRQDO$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV ± KWWSZZZQDVRQOLQHRUJSXEOLFDWLRQVELRJUDSKLFDOPHPRLUVPHPRLUSGIVIUDQFNMDPHVSGI! /DQRXHWWH:LOOLDPGenius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb 5HSRUWRIWKH&RPPLWWHHRQ3ROLWLFDODQG6RFLDO3UREOHPV0DQKDWWDQ3URMHFW³0HWDOOXUJLFDO 1<6FULEQHU¶V /DERUDWRU\´8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR-XQH 7KH)UDQFN5HSRUW ± 7KHWH[WRIWKHOHWWHUPD\EHYLHZHGLQWKHLQWHUQHW±VHH KWWSZZZGDQQHQFRPGHFLVLRQIUDQFNKWPO! KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL(LQVWHLQ(6]LO&$UGBOHWWHU! *HVW+RZDUGThe July 1945 Szilard Petition on the Atomic Bomb, Memoir by a Signer in Oak Ridge 7KLVLVWKHODVWRIIRXUOHWWHUVZULWWHQE\(LQVWHLQWR3UHVLGHQW5RRVHYHOW±VHH XQGDWHG S±VHH KWWSZZZELRLQGLDQDHGXDOXPQLQHZVOHWWHUV:LQWHUKJ6]LODUGSGI! KWWSK\SHUWH[WERRNFRPHZRUOGHLQVWHLQVKWPO! µ%HIRUH+LURVKLPD¶ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists±±VHH 5HSRUWRQWKH7ULQLW\7HVWE\*HQHUDO*URYHVRI-XO\±VHH KWWSERRNVJRRJOHFRPDXERRNV"LG 5ZZ$$$$$0%$- OSJ 3$ SJ 3$ UHGLUBHVF \Y RQH KWWSZZZDWRPLFDUFKLYHFRP'RFV7ULQLW\*URYHVVKWPO! SDJH T I IDOVH! $3HWLWLRQWRWKH3UHVLGHQWRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI-XO\VXEPLWWHGE\/HR6]LODUGDQGFR ,ELG VLJQHUVDWWKH0DQKDWWDQ3URMHFWµ0HWDOOXUJLFDO/DERUDWRU\¶LQ&KLFDJR± &RFNEXUQ6WHZDUWOliphant. The Life and Times of Sir Mark Oliphant $GHODLGH$[LRP%RRNV KWWSZZZGDQQHQFRPGHFLVLRQKWPO! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

ZLWKRXWHYHUVXEPLWWLQJLWWRWKH3UHVLGHQW7KHIDWHRIRUVR-DSDQHVHFLYLOLDQV IXQGDPHQWDOFDQRQFDQQHYHUEHWKHUHVXOWRIVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKDQGGLVFRYHU\,WKDVJURZQ ZDVVHDOHG RXWRIWKHµWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUH¶RIZKLFK6QRZLVVRFULWLFDO)LQQLVDQG+\VORSSRLQWHGRXWWKDW 'HFLVLRQPDNHUVOLNH6WLPVRQZHUHLPSHUYLRXVWR)UDQFN¶VKXPDQLWDULDQSOHDV7KH µWKHSUREOHPVRIJRYHUQPHQWDUHDWERWWRPWKHYHU\VDPHSUREOHPVDVFXOWXUHJUDSSOHV QHZZHDSRQKDGVLPSO\EHFRPHSDUWRIWKHQXPEHUVJDPHRIZDU%RPELQJUDLGVOLNHWKRVH ZLWK¶WKXVOLQNLQJWKHLUFULWLFLVPRI6QRZ¶V5HGH/HFWXUHZLWKWKDWRIWKH*RGNLQ/HFWXUHV RQ'UHVGHQDQG7RN\RKDGFRVWDQGFLYLOLDQOLYHVUHVSHFWLYHO\,IDWWDFNVRQ µ6QRZLVDVSRRUDJXLGHLQPDWWHUVRIJRYHUQPHQWDVKHLVDQDQDO\VWRIFXOWXUH¶2QHPLJKW +LURVKLPD DQG 1DJDVDNL ZRXOG NLOO FLYLOLDQV LW ZRXOG DOVR VDYH WKH OLYHV RI DQ KDYHIRUPXODWHGFULWLFLVPRI6QRZLQNLQGOLHUODQJXDJHEXWRQHFDQKDUGO\TXDUUHOZLWKWKH HVWLPDWHG$PHULFDQVROGLHUVZKRZHUHOLNHO\WRGLHLIWKHLQYDVLRQRIDQXQ\LHOGLQJ VXEVWDQFHRIWKHLUFRQFOXVLRQ -DSDQ ZHUH WR EHFRPH QHFHVVDU\ 2QH PXVW FRQFOXGH WKDW WKH VWRU\ RI )UDQFN DQG WKH ,,6(&8/$5(7+,&6± DWRPLFERPEGRHVQRWVXSSRUWDQ\DWWHPSWWRDWWULEXWH)UDQFN¶VRXWORRNWRPRVWRUHYHQWR 7KH IRXU DUWLFOHV LQ WKLV JURXS DUH EDVHG RQ WKH HPSLULFLVW SKLORVRSK\ ZKLFK GRPLQDWHG WKH PRVW GLVWLQJXLVKHG VFLHQWLVWV ZKR DUH FDOOHG XSRQ WR DGYLVH JRYHUQPHQWV RQ FDUGLQDO )LQQLV¶VWKLQNLQJGXULQJKLVILUVWWKUHH\HDUVDVDVWXGHQWLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH2QH FKRLFHV HQFRXQWHUVVWULNLQJSKUDVHVVXFKDV ,QVXSSRUWRIKLVSODQWRSURYLGHDQDQDO\VLVRXWVLGHRIWKHSDWWHUQVWREHIRXQGLQWKH µ$V FKLOGUHQ RI WKH 7ZHQWLHWK &HQWXU\ ZH IHDU WKH FRQMXQFWLRQ RI SRZHU DQG PRUDO WH[WERRNOLWHUDWXUH6QRZTXRWHVDSDVVDJHIURPDERRNRQJRYHUQPHQWDQGVFLHQFHE\'RQ. FHUWLWXGH¶ 3ULFH ZKLFKKHFDOOVµPXFKWKHPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJDQGH[SHULHQFHG sic ERRNRQWKHVXEMHFW µ>0@XFKRIWKHSUHVHQWIUHHGRPRIWKHXQLYHUVLWLHVLVZDVWHGRQVWXGHQWVZKRVHPLQGVDUHQR WKDW , KDYH UHDG¶ IQ $ GLVWLQJXLVKHG UHYLHZHU (UQHVW 6 *ULIILWK KHOG WKH ERRN LQ ORQJHUIUHHEXWDUHHQFKDLQHGLQWKHSUHMXGLFHVRIWKHLUHDUO\WXWRUVWKHSHRSOHZKRUXQ VLPLODUO\KLJKHVWHHP )LQQLVDQG+\VORSDOVRTXRWHGIURP3ULFH¶VERRNµHYHQWKHQDWXUDO VFKRROV IRU WKH RSHQ DQG DYRZHG SXUSRVH RI SURSDJDWLQJ FHUWDLQ UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDO VFLHQWLVW WRGD\ LV DZDUH WKDW WKH FULWLFDO SUREOHPV RI KXPDQLW\ DUH SUREOHPV EH\RQG WKH GRFWULQHV¶ VFRSHRIKLVWHFKQLTXHV¶7RWKHPWKLVZDVWKHJDWHZD\WRWKHLUPRVWIXQGDPHQWDOFULWLFLVP µ>7@KHVHUYLOLW\RIPHQWRWKHVXSSRVHGRSLQLRQVRIWKHLUJRGVKDVLQVSLUHGDQGMXVWLILHGHYHU\ RI6QRZ¶VERRNµ7KHUHLVQR³FDUGLQDOLVVXH´ZKLFKZLOOQRWLQYROYHWKHODUJHUSXUSRVHVRI FRQFHLYDEOHDFWLRQDQGHYHU\FRQFHLYDEOHPRUDOSUHFHSWDQGPRUHEORRG\KRUURUVWKDQFDQEH RXU FLYLOLVDWLRQ DQG LWV GLVSRVDO RI SULRULWLHV¶ 6QRZ WKH\ VXJJHVWHG KDG GHDOW ZLWK WKHVH FRQFHLYHG¶ ODUJHU SXUSRVHV RQO\ DW WKH VLPSOH LQGHHG µSULPLWLYH¶ OHYHO RI LPSURYLQJ WKH PDWHULDO FRPIRUWRISRSXODWLRQV7KHUHZDVPXFKPRUHLQYROYHG $The Catholic mission of 1958 (August 1958) µ7KH0RUDOVRIWKH0LVVLRQ¶ $FWVRIVWDWHDUHQRWJRRGRUEDGMXVWEHFDXVHWKH\DUHUHFRPPHQGHGDVHIILFDFLRXV 7KH&DWKROLFPLVVLRQRQµ0RGHUQ(WKLFDO3UREOHPV¶ZKLFKZDVKHOGLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\LQ-XO\ DQGHIILFLHQWE\WKHEHVWVFLHQWLVWVRUEHFDXVHWKH PDVVRISHRSOHHDUQHVWO\GHVLUH WKHPRUEHFDXVHWKH\HQKDQFHWKHFRPSHWLWLYHSRZHURIWKHQDWLRQRUIRUDQ\RWKHU KDV DOUHDG\ EHHQ PHQWLRQHG VHH DERYH 3W, ,,,$ 'HV &RRSHU WKHQ LQ KLV VHFRQG UHDVRQWKDQWKDWWKH\HIIHFWLYHO\SURPRWHWKHMXVWSXUSRVHVRIKXPDQVRFLHW\WKH \HDUDQG-RKQ)LQQLVDWWHQGHGWKHPLVVLRQDQGVHHPWRKDYHOLVWHQHGWR)U2¶6XOOLYDQ¶VWDONV JURZWKRIHDFKLQGLYLGXDOWRZDUGVUHVSRQVLELOLW\DQGWKHIUHHGRPWRFKRRVHWKHEHVW ZLWKDJURZLQJVHQVHRIH[DVSHUDWLRQ7KHLUUHYLHZHQWLWOHGµ7KH0RUDOVRIWKH0LVVLRQ¶ZDV WKDW KH FDQ GLVFHUQ LV D SXUSRVH ZKLFK PXVW QHYHU EH PDGH VXEVHUYLHQW WR RWKHU SXEOLVKHG LQ On Dit 7KH VXEWLWOH D PRGLILHG TXRWH PDGH WKHLU KRVWLOLW\ VWDUNO\DSSDUHQW SXUSRVHV²WKLVEHOLHILVRQHRIWKHFRQGLWLRQVRIRXUSROLW\RQHRIRXUIRXQGDWLRQ µ+RZ:RXOG@AUM µ7KH-XGLFLDO3URFHVVLQ7ZHQWLHWK&HQWXU\(QJODQG¶ Columbia Law Review+LV /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRU The Groaning Stone± /RUGVKLSUHOLHGXSRQDVLPLODUSDVVDJHLQ/RUG5DGFOLIIH¶V5RVHQWKDO/HFWXUHVµWKHSXUSRVHRI &RRSHU'HVDQG)LQQLV-RKQ³7KH0RUDOVRIWKH0LVVLRQ¶ $XJXVW On Dit VRFLHW\DQGDOOLWVLQVWLWXWLRQVLVWRQRXULVKDQGHQULFKWKHJURZWKRIHDFKLQGLYLGXDOKXPDQVSLULW 6HOODU:DOWHU&DUUXWKHUVDQG

EXWVRPHRIWKHWH[WFDPHIURP)LQQLV¶VSHQ0XFKRIZKDW)U2¶6XOOLYDQVDLGPXVWKDYH XQLW\VXFKDWWDFNVDUHQRWUHSHDWHGDJDLQDWWKLV8QLYHUVLW\¶,IWKH\KDGKRSHGWRVLOHQFH FKDOOHQJHG)LQQLV¶VSKLORVRSKLFDOFRQYLFWLRQV WKHVH\RXQJVWHUVWKH\ZHUHWREHGLVDSSRLQWHG 7KHDXWKRUVFKDUJHG)U2¶6XOOLYDQZLWKKDYLQJUHVSRQGHGWRVWXGHQWV¶VLQFHUHTXHVWLRQV )DWKHU 2¶6XOOLYDQ¶V UHIHUHQFH WR DQ µREMHFWLYH PRUDOLW\¶ EDVHG XSRQ µWKH QDWXUH RI ZLWK LQVLQFHUH WUXLVPV DQG SURPSW DQDORJLHV PDNLQJ µD PRFNHU\ DQG D WUDYHVW\¶ RI PDQ¶LPSOLHGDQDIILUPDWLRQRIWKHDJHROGQDWXUDOODZWUDGLWLRQGHULYHGIURP$ULVWRWOHDQG HVWDEOLVKHG VRXQG PHWKRGV RI HQTXLU\ DQG KDYLQJ XVHG WKH µZHOONQRZQ WHFKQLTXH RI $TXLQDVZKLFKVDZLWVKH\GD\LQWKFHQWXU\(XURSH/DZVWXGHQWVHQFRXQWHUHGQDWXUDO SURSDJDQGLVWV¶ ie µHPRWLRQDOO\WRQHG ZRUGV SKUDVHV DQG H[DPSOHV¶ 2QH H[DPSOH WKH ODZRQO\LQ'U'32¶&RQQHOO¶VOHFWXUHVLQ-XULVSUXGHQFHDQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO/DZ0RVWRI JUXHVRPHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHPHWKRGXVHGIRUWKHUDSHXWLFDERUWLRQVWKH\IRXQGµGLVJXVWLQJDQG WKHVWDIIZHUHFRPPLWWHGWRWKHWKHQGRPLQDQWVFKRRORIOHJDOSRVLWLYLVP&DWKROLFVWXGHQWV LUUHOHYDQW WR WKH DUJXPHQW¶ 7KH ZULWHUV DOVR H[SODLQHG WKH IODZV DV WKH\ VDZ WKHP LQ PLJKW DOVR KDYH DFTXLUHG VRPH IDPLOLDULW\ ZLWK QDWXUDO ODZ WKURXJK WKHLU FRQWDFW ZLWK 2¶6XOOLYDQ¶VWUHDWPHQWRIWKHGLYRUFHRI+HQU\9,,, &DWKROLFFOHUJ\ )U2¶6XOOLYDQKDGVRWKH\FODLPHGDWWULEXWHGWR%HUWUDQG5XVVHOOµRQHRIWKHDEOHVW 7R 6KHDUHU DQG .HOO\ SRVLWLYLVP ZDV DQ DEHUUDWLRQ DQG QDWXUDO ODZ \LHOGHG WKH SKLORVRSKHUVRIRXUWLPH¶FHUWDLQYLHZVZKLFKKH>5XVVHOO@KDGKLPVHOIODWHUUHSXGLDWHGDV VXSHULRUH[SODQDWLRQRIWKHMXULVSUXGHQWLDOQDWXUHRIODZµ7KH1DWXUDO/DZWKHRU\KDVEHHQ SKLORVRSKLFDOO\XQVRXQG7KHVSHDNHU¶VDWWHPSWWRUHODWH%HUWUDQG5XVVHOOZLWKWKHµQDGLURI KHOGE\DWKUHDGRISKLORVRSKHUVIURP3ODWRDQGHVSHFLDOO\IURP6W7KRPDV$TXLQDVWRWKH SKLORVRSK\¶ZDVFKDUDFWHULVHGZLWKVXUSULVLQJUHVWUDLQWDVµDOLWWOHXQIDLU¶7KHVSHDNHUKDG SUHVHQWGD\DQGLVQRZUHHVWDEOLVKLQJLWVVWURQJFODLPWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQZLWKWKHZDQLQJRI GDUHGWRFDVWDVSHUVLRQVRQ3URIHVVRUV-XOLXV6WRQHDQG$UWKXU*RRGKDUW6WRQHVRKHKDG WKHVWDURIMXULGLFDOSRVLWLYLVP¶7KH\FKDUJHGWKDW&RRSHUDQG)LQQLVKDGVRXJKWµWRGHVWUR\ VDLGµZLOO QHYHU NQRZZKDW ODZLV¶DQG*RRGKDUWKDGVLPSO\HTXDWHGODZZLWKµZKDWODZ LQGLUHFWO\ WKH 1DWXUDO /DZ WKH RQO\ UHDO SKLORVRSKLFDO EDVWLRQ RI &KULVWLDQLW\ DJDLQVW WKH HQIRUFHUVHQIRUFH¶&RRSHUDQG)LQQLVSDUDGHGEHIRUHWKHUHDGHUDKDQGIXORITXRWHVWRVKRZ RQVODXJKWRIDJQRVWLFXWLOLWDULDQLVP¶:LWKUHVSHFWWR6KHDUHUDQG.HOO\&RRSHUDQG)LQQLV WKDW*RRGKDUW¶VYLHZZDVPXFKPRUHVRSKLVWLFDWHG ZHUH VR LW DSSHDUV QRW JXLOW\ RI WKHVH FKDUJHV :KHQ GHDOLQJZLWK -RKQ /RFNH WKH\ KDG ,QFRQFOXGLQJWKHLUWUHDWPHQWRI2¶6XOOLYDQ¶VXVHRIFLWDWLRQVWKH\FKDUJHGKLPZLWK TXRWHG)U2¶6XOOLYDQDVKDYLQJVWDWHGµ/RFNH¶VTXHVWLRQUHPDLQVXQDQVZHUHG³:KHUHDVD KDYLQJµVHWXSKLVRZQYHUVLRQVRIPRGHUQSKLORVRSK\HYROXWLRQFRPPXQLVPDQG)UHXGLDQ PDWWHURIKLVWRULFDOIDFWLV\RXUVRFLDOFRQWUDFWWREHIRXQG"´¶7RWKHPWKHWKHRU\RIWKHVRFLDO 3V\FKRDQDO\VLV ± SDURG\LQJ WKHP WR SLOORU\ WKHP¶ ,Q VKRUW WKH\ WKRXJKW WKDW WKHVH WDONV FRQWUDFWRQHRIWKHHVVHQWLDOLQJUHGLHQWVRIQDWXUDOODZDVVHHQE\LWVHDUOLHUVXSSRUWHUV PLJKWEHVXLWDEOHIRUSXEOLFDWLRQLQReader’s DigestRUIRUWKHEDQNVRIWKHLWV@ PRUDO FRQVHTXHQFHV¶ ,Q YLHZ RI QHYHUIRXQG*RG¶ )LQQLV¶V ODWHU ZRUN RQ QDWXUDO ODZ ZKLFK DFFRUGLQJ WR D ZLGHO\ KHOG YLHZ KDV OHG WR LWV 7KH SURYRFDWLYH IRUD\ E\ WKHVH WZR \RXQJVWHUV ZDV DQVZHUHG LQ VFDWKLQJ WHUPV E\ UHYLYDORQHVKRXOGQRWHWKDWDOOIRXURIWKHVHDXWKRUVJDYHVRPHLIRQO\OLPLWHGVXSSRUWWRLW ,YDQ6KHDUHU ZKRZDVDERXWWRFRQYHUWWR&DWKROLFLVP DQG'DYLG6W/.HOO\ ZKR %Homosexuality (1960) KDGJURZQXSLQWKH&DWKROLFUHOLJLRQ%RWKZHUHVWLOOVWXGHQWVEXWVHQLRUWR)LQQLVERWKKDYH /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRURIThe Groaning Stone IRUPDQ\\HDUVEHHQIULHQGVRIPLQHDQGZHUHRQFHFROOHDJXHV7KH\SXEOLVKHGµ3ULGHDQG ,WLVKDUGO\VXUSULVLQJWKDWLQDQDOOPDOHFROOHJHOLNH6W0DUN¶VKRPRVH[XDOLW\VXEMHFWWR 3UHMXGLFH¶ DFFXVLQJ &RRSHU DQG )LQQLV RI KDYLQJ WKURZQ µDOO JUDFH WR WKH ZLQGV¶ DQG FULPLQDO SHQDOWLHV LQ $XVWUDOLD XQWLO WKH V ZDV RI VRPH LQWHUHVW ,Q RQH .5 FDOOLQJWKHLUDUWLFOHDQµLQVXOWLQJGLDWULEH¶ZKLFKFRQWDLQHGµPDQ\XQMXVWLILHGDFFXVDWLRQV¶DQG ZDV RIIHQVLYH LQ ERWK WRQH DQG FRQWHQW 7KH\ GHIHQGHG )DWKHU 2¶6XOOLYDQ¶V WUHDWPHQW RI WKHUDSHXWLFDERUWLRQVMRLQHGLVVXHRQWKHVXEMHFWRIWKHGLYRUFHRI+HQU\9,,,DQGUHMHFWHG 6HHDERYH3W,,,,$ 6HH/FNH+RUVW.ODXVµ7KH(XURSHDQ1DWXUDO/DZ&RGHVWKH$JHRI5HDVRQDQGWKH3RZHUVRI FULWLFLVPRIWKH9DWLFDQ7KH\H[SUHVVHGWKHKRSHWKDWµIRUWKHVDNHRIWKHLGHDORI&KULVWLDQ *RYHUQPHQW¶ Queensland University Law Journal± 2¶&RQQHOOZDVWKHQVWLOO5HDGHULQ/DZZDVDSSRLQWHGWRDFKDLULQDQGEHFDPHWKH&KLFKHOH 3URIHVVRURI3XEOLF,QWHUQDWLRQDO/DZLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUGWHQ\HDUVODWHU±6KHDUHU,YDQ$ 6KHDUHUZDVLQKLVWKLUG\HDUDWWKHWLPHKHODWHUEHFDPHWKH3URIHVVRURI,QWHUQDWLRQDO/DZDW6\GQH\ 2 &RQQHOO'DQLHO3DWULFN ± ¶ADBVHH KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\RFRQQHOOGDQLHO 8QLYHUVLW\±IRUIXUWKHUGHWDLOVHH SDWULFN!µ KWWSZZZXQLVDQHWXQLVDHGXDXVWDIIKRPHSDJHDVS"1DPH ,YDQ6KHDUHU!6HHDOVRKLVDUWLFOH &RQFHUQLQJWKHFRQFHSWRIWKHVRFLDOFRQWUDFWVHH:LHDFNHU)UDQ]A History of Private Law in Europe µ'RXEOHWKLQNDQG)DUFH¶LQ $XJXVW On Dit with Particular Reference to Germany (1908 – 1994) 7RQ\:HLUWUDQVO283 +HGLGVRDW(DVWHU µ&KULVWLDQLW\WKH1DWXUDO/DZDQGWKHLUPRUDOFRQVHTXHQFHVUDLVHVHULRXVFRQVHTXHQFHVZKLFKPXVWEH .HOO\ZDVLQKLVVHFRQG\HDUKHODWHUEHFDPH3URIHVVRURI/DZLQ$GHODLGHDQGVWLOOODWHUDKLJK DVNHGDQGDQVZHUHGLQJRRGIDLWKWKH\ZHUHQRWDQVZHUHG>E\)U2¶6XOOLYDQ@ZLWKWKHVLQFHULW\LQ UDQNLQJSXEOLFVHUYDQWLQ9LFWRULD±IRUIXUWKHUGHWDLOVHH KWWSOH[LVQH[LVFRPDXDXWKRU ZKLFKWKH\ZHUHDVNHG¶± $XJXVW On Dit SURILOHVDXWKRUVDVS["LG ! /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRURQWKHVXEMHFWRIKRPRVH[XDOLW\LQ The Groaning Stone± 6HSWHPEHU On Dit 5HIRUPFRPPHQFHGLQ6RXWK$XVWUDOLDLQ±IRUGHWDLODERXWDOO$XVWUDOLDQMXULVGLFWLRQVVHH The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

&OD\WRQ DQG 'HV &RRSHU SXEOLVKHG µ+RPRVH[XDOLW\¶ LQ The Groaning Stone VXSSRUWLQJ TXHVWLRQVKDGWREHDVNHG µ,VKRPRVH[XDOLW\LPPRUDO"¶DQG µ6KRXOGKRPRVH[XDOLW\EH WKHQUHFHQWFDOOVIRUGHFULPLQDOLVDWLRQµ7KHXWWHUXVHOHVVQHVVDQGLQKXPDQLW\RIDSSO\LQJ>WKH WKHREMHFWRIVRFLDOGLVDSSUREDWLRQDQGFRQWUROE\PHWKRGVRWKHUWKDQWKHFULPLQDOODZ"¶,IDOO ODZ DJDLQVW KRPRVH[XDOLW\@ LV VR REYLRXV WKDW D FRPPLWWHH RI VHQLRU$QJOLFDQ &OHUJ\PHQ IRUPV RI LPPRUDO FRQGXFW VKRXOG DWWUDFW SXEOLF GLVDSSUREDWLRQ )LQQLV¶V DSSURDFK ZRXOG DSSRLQWHGE\WKH$UFKELVKRSRI&DQWHUEXU\KDVUHFRPPHQGHGWKDWWKRXJKKRPRVH[XDOLW\LV DUJXDEO\LQYROYHDGLVWLQFWLRQZLWKRXWDGLIIHUHQFH7KHUHDUHKRZHYHUVRPHZKLFKGRQRW WR WKHP D VLQ WKH ODZ VKRXOG EH DEROLVKHG 7KH :ROIHQGHQ 5HSRUW FDPH WR WKH VDPH :KLWH OLHV PLJKW EH WKH FOHDUHVW H[DPSOH SULYDF\ FRQVLGHUDWLRQ PLJKW WXUQ KRPRVH[XDO FRQFOXVLRQ¶ FRQGXFW EHWZHHQ FRQVHQWLQJ DGXOWV LQWR DQRWKHU VR KLV WZRSURQJHG SURFHGXUH VHHPV ,Q D OHWWHU WR WKH (GLWRU )LQQLV FDOOHG WKH &OD\WRQ&RRSHU µHIIXVLRQ¶ µZLWKLQ LWV DSSURSULDWH OLPLWV WKRURXJKO\ VDWLVIDFWRU\¶ +H PDGH LW FOHDU WKDW LW ZDV ZURQJ WR EH JXLGHG E\ DQ The moral issue LQVWLQFWLYHVHQVHRI UHYXOVLRQZKLFK OHG VRPH WR GHVFULEH KRPRVH[XDOLW\DVDµYLRODWLRQ RI ,IRQHDFFHSWV)LQQLV¶VGLVWLQFWLRQLWVHHPVWKDWKRPRVH[XDOFRQGXFWEHORQJVWRWKHILUVWRI QDWXUH¶$V-RKQ6WXDUW0LOOKDGWDXJKWµEHFDXVHDIHHOLQJLVLQIDFWRUVXSSRVHGO\EHVWRZHG WKHVHVSKHUHVLILWGRHVQRWDGYHUVHO\DIIHFWRWKHUVDQGWRWKHVHFRQGLILWGRHV)LQQLVZDV RQXVE\QDWXUHWKLVGRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\OHJLWLPDWHDOOLWVSURPSWLQJV¶+HDOVRGLVPLVVHG VFHSWLFDORIWKHµODUJHDVVXPSWLRQ¶PDGHE\&OD\WRQ&RRSHUWKDWLQPDQ\FDVHVLWDIIHFWVRQO\ UHOLJLRXVFRQVLGHUDWLRQVDVLUUHOHYDQWµP\UHPDUNVDUHQRWDGGUHVVHG>WR@WKRVHZKREHOLHYH WKHDFWRUKLPVHOISHUKDSVWKLQNLQJRIWKHGLVWUHVVIDPLO\PHPEHUVIHHORURIVRPHNLQGRI KRPRVH[XDOLW\WREHZLFNHGRQWKHJURXQGVRIVRPHGLYLQHO\UHYHDOHGPRUDORUGLQDQFH¶ KDUP SDUWLFLSDQWV PLJKW EH VDLG WR LQIOLFW XSRQ HDFK RWKHU +RZHYHU KH VXSSUHVVHG VXFK +H DJUHHG ZKROHKHDUWHGO\ ZLWK WKH VXJJHVWHG GHFULPLQDOLVDWLRQ µ, GR QRW WKLQN DQ\ VDQH GRXEWV WKURXJKRXWDQG FRQGXFWHG WKH ZKROH RI KLVHQTXLU\ RQWKH H[SUHVV DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW SHUVRQFRQVLGHULQJWKHHYLGHQFHLVOLNHO\WRGLVDJUHHZLWK>WKHFRQFOXVLRQVRIWKH:ROIHQGHQ VXFKFRQGXFWRQO\DIIHFWVWKHLQGLYLGXDOKRPRVH[XDO &RPPLWWHHDQGWKH&KXUFKRI(QJODQG0RUDO:HOIDUH&RPPLWWHH@DVWRWKHXQGHVLUDELOLW\RI )LQQLV PDGH QR FRPPHQW RQ WKH DVVHUWLRQ PDGH E\ &OD\WRQ DQG &RRSHU WKDW D OHJDOFRQWUROV¶ KRPRVH[XDORULHQWDWLRQFDQQRWEHµFXUHG¶+HDOVRIDLOHGWRFRPPHQWRQWKHSRZHUIXOQHVVRI 1RWFRQWHQWZLWKYRLFLQJRSSRVLWLRQWRWKHH[LVWLQJODZ&OD\WRQDQG&RRSHUKDGDOVR WKHVH[XDOXUJHLQPDQ\SHRSOH7UHDWLQJDEVWLQHQFHDV)LQQLVGLGLIRQO\LPSOLHGO\DVDQ LQVLVWHGWKDWWKHFXUUHQWµLQVDQH¶µVWXSLGDQGVWHUHRW\SHG¶SUHMXGLFHRIWKHSXEOLFDJDLQVWPDOH DYDLODEOHRSWLRQVHHPVQRWWREHDFRPSOHWHDQVZHUWRWKHPRUDOTXHVWLRQVUDLVHGE\WKHVH KRPRVH[XDOLW\PXVWEHFKDQJHG7KH\DUJXHGinter aliaWKDWDWWHPSWVDWµFXULQJ¶WKHFRQGLWLRQ LVVXHV+HDUJXHGWKDW0LOO¶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others":K\VKRXOGQRWDFWVWKRXJKWVGHVLUHVHWFZKLFKDGYHUVHO\DIIHFWthe actorEHGHHPHGLPPRUDO":K\VKRXOGhisZHOIDUHEHGHHPHGLUUHOHYDQWZKHQLWLV PDQ\ FDVHV WKH IXQGDPHQWDO SULQFLSOH VKRXOG EH DSSOLHG WKDW µLI ZKDW \RX GR GRHV QRW KHZKRLVDFWLQJ"$IWHUDOOKLVZHOIDUHLVUHOHYDQWZKHQRWKHUVDUHDFWLQJVRDVWR DGYHUVHO\DIIHFWDQ\RQHHOVHLWLVQRWLPPRUDO¶ DIIHFWKLP7KHSULQFLSOHVKRXOGEHDPHQGHGWRUHDGWKDW³LIZKDW\RXGRGRHVQRW 2Q WKH VXEMHFW RI SXEOLF SUHMXGLFH )LQQLV VXJJHVWHG WKDW &OD\WRQ DQG &RRSHU KDG DIIHFWanyoneLWLVQRWLPPRUDO´ ZURQJO\WUDQVODWHGLQWRWKHVSKHUHRISHUVRQDOPRUDOLW\DSULQFLSOHZKLFKKDGEHHQLQWHQGHG +HORRNHGLQWKHSKLORVRSKLFDOOLWHUDWXUHIRUDVXLWDEOHFULWHULRQPHQWLRQHGDQXPEHUZKLFK E\LWVDXWKRUVWREHFRQILQHGWRWKHVSKHUHRIVRFLDOMXVWLFH6XFKDOLPLWDWLRQLVLQIDFWWREH KDG EHHQ DGYDQFHG E\ OHDGLQJ SKLORVRSKHUV EXW GLG QRW DWWHPSW WR DQVZHU ZLWK DQ\ IRXQGDWWKHYHU\EHJLQQLQJRIWKH(VVD\On LibertyE\-RKQ6WXDUW0LOO RQHRIWKHDXWKRUV SUHFLVLRQWKHEURDGTXHVWLRQZKHQDQDFWLVDGYHUVHWRDSHUVRQ¶VRZQLQWHUHVWV+RZHYHULQ PHQWLRQHGE\)LQQLVDQGDOVRLQ$UWLFOHRIWKH)UHQFKDeclaration of the Rights of Man and UHODWLRQWR WKH VSHFLILF LVVXH RI KRPRVH[XDOLW\KH YHQWXUHG WKH IROORZLQJ µ, P\VHOI ZRXOG of the CitizenRI WKHRWKHUVRXUFHZKLFKKHLQYRNHG+HFRQFOXGHGWKDWWZRVHSDUDWH SURQRXQFH KRPRVH[XDOLW\ LPPRUDO LI , ZHUH FRQYLQFHG WKDW LWV SUDFWLFH OHIW WKH LQGLYLGXDO XQKDSSLHUWKDQKHZRXOGRWKHUZLVHKDYHEHHQRUOHIWKLVKXPDQSRWHQWLDOLWLHVOHVVIXOILOOHG¶ &DUEHU\*UDKDPµ7RZDUGV+RPRVH[XDO(TXDOLW\LQ$XVWUDOLDQ&ULPLQDO/DZ±D%ULHI+LVWRU\¶±VHH KWWSZZZDOJDRUJDXILOHVWRZDUGVHTXDOLW\HGSGI! 7KH TXHVWLRQ ZDV µHQRUPRXVO\ GLIILFXOW¶ DQG WKH DQVZHU KDG WR GHSHQG RQ VRFLDO DQG The Groaning StonH± LQGLYLGXDOFLUFXPVWDQFHV+HJDYHH[DPSOHVIURPDQFLHQW*UHHNKLVWRU\DQGIURPWKHQRYHOV The Groaning StonH7KH:ROIHQGHQ5HSRUWZDVLVVXHGLQ±VHH RI -HDQ 3DXO 6DUWUH WR VKRZ WKDW ZKLOH VRPH PLJKW KDYH WR EH MXGJHG ZLWKRXW PRUDO KWWSZZZZLOOLDPDSHUF\FRPZLNLLPDJHV:ROIHQGHQSGI! 'HILQHGE\WKH0DFTXDULH'LFWLRQDU\inter aliaDVDQµXQUHVWUDLQHGH[SUHVVLRQRIIHHOLQJV¶ EOHPLVK WKHSUDFWLFHVRIRWKHUVGHVHUYHGWREHFRQGHPQHGDVµSURGXFWLYHRIXQKDSSLQHVV µ7KHVXEMHFWRIWKLV(VVD\LV&LYLORU6RFLDO/LEHUW\WKHQDWXUHDQGOLPLWVRIWKHSRZHUZKLFKFDQ DQGVHOIVWXOWLILFDWLRQ DQGWKXVDVLPPRUDO ¶$QHYHQJUHDWHUREVWDFOHZDVWKHIDFWWKDW EHOHJLWLPDWHO\H[HUFLVHGE\VRFLHW\RYHUWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶±)DZFHWW0LOOLFHQW*DUUHWW HG On Liberty, Representative Government, The Subjection of Women. Three Essays by John Stuart Mill /RQGRQetc 283 µ)RUP\RZQSDUW,VKRXOGSUHIHUVRPHEDVLFIRUPRIPRUDOLW\ZKLFKGHILQHGWKHHQGRIFRQGXFWDV $WUDQVODWHGYHUVLRQRI$UWLFOHUHDGVDVIROORZVµ/LEHUW\FRQVLVWVLQWKHIUHHGRPWRGRHYHU\WKLQJ ³KDSSLQHVV´ %HQWKDP0LOO RUDV³WKHIXOOGHYHORSPHQWRIPDQ¶VKXPDQFDSDFLWLHV´ +X[OH\ RUDV ZKLFKLQMXUHVQRRQHHOVHKHQFHWKHH[HUFLVHRIWKHQDWXUDOULJKWVRIHDFKPDQKDVQROLPLWVH[FHSW WKH³SURGXFWLRQRIKDUPRQLRXVUDWKHUWKDQGLVFRUGDQWGHVLUHV´ 5XVVHOO ¶ WKRVHZKLFKDVVXUHWRWKHRWKHUPHPEHUVRIWKHVRFLHW\WKHHQMR\PHQWRIWKHVDPHULJKWV7KHVHOLPLWV )RUWKLVKHFKRVHWKH7KHEDQ%DQGWKHHOLWHIRUFHRIWKH7KHEDQDUP\LQWKHWKFHQWXU\%&ZKLFK FDQRQO\EHGHWHUPLQHGE\ODZ¶±VHH FRQVLVWHGRISDLUVRIPDOHORYHUVDQGSHUIRUPHGJUHDWIHDWVRIEUDYHU\ KWWSZZZFXUULFXOXPHGXDXGGXQLWVGRZQORDGVSGIGHFBRIBULJKWVSGI! )RUWKLVKHFKRVH'DQLHOIURP6DUWUH¶VThe Roads to FreedomWULORJ\ZKRPDUULHGLQRUGHUWRFRQFHDO The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

WKHUHZDVVROLWWOHDFFXUDWHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWµERWKWKHFDXVHVRIKRPRVH[XDOLW\DQGLWVHIIHFW IRUPXODWHGDVHVVHQWLDOWRKLPWKHTXHVWLRQµZKHWKHUVRFLDOSUHVVXUHZLOOIXUWKHUWKHJRRGRI RQFKDUDFWHUDQGSHUVRQDOZHOOEHLQJ¶+HH[SUHVVHGWKHRSWLPLVWLFKRSHWKDWLQYLHZRIUDSLG WKHSHUVRQVSUDFWLVLQJKRPRVH[XDOLW\¶ GHYHORSPHQWVLQSV\FKRORJ\DQGVRFLRORJ\ZHZRXOGVRRQEHSURYLGHGZLWKWKHLQIRUPDWLRQ &DQ WKH FRPPRQ JRRG DQG PRUH HVSHFLDOO\ WKH LQGLYLGXDO JRRG EH IXUWKHUHG E\ QHHGHGWRPDNHµDFRUUHFWPRUDOMXGJPHQW¶ H[WUDOHJDO FRHUFLRQ" 6KRXOG VRFLHW\ FRHUFH RU WROHUDWH"$VVXPLQJ IURP , DERYH Coerce or tolerate? >WKH GLVFXVVLRQ RI SHUVRQDO PRUDOLW\@ WKDW KRPRVH[XDOLW\ LV LPPRUDO EHFDXVH LW VWXQWV KXPDQ GHYHORSPHQW RU EHFDXVH LW FDXVHV XQKDSSLQHVV WR WKH DFWRU ZLOO )LQQLV WKHQ SURFHHGHG WR GHDO ZLWK WKH VHFRQG TXHVWLRQ VKRXOG KRPRVH[XDO FRQGXFW EH GHYHORSPHQW DQGRU KDSSLQHVV EH LQFUHDVHG LI VRFLHW\ EULQJV WKH SUHVVXUH RI LWV WROHUDWHGRUVKRXOGVRFLHW\GLVFRXUDJHLWE\EULQJLQJH[WUDOHJDOFRHUFLRQWREHDU" +HVSRNH GLVDSSUREDWLRQWREHDUXSRQWKHDFWRU"¶ RI WKH µRSLQLRQPRXOGLQJ DQG DFWLRQGLUHFWLQJ IRUFHV¶ RI SXEOLF RSLQLRQ DQG TXRWHG 0LOO¶V +HUH DJDLQ KH SRLQWHG RXW WKDW WKH ODFN RI NQRZOHGJH DERXW KXPDQ FKDUDFWHU FDXVHV JUHDW µSDWHQWO\WUXH¶FKDUDFWHULVDWLRQRIWKHVHIRUFHV GLIILFXOW\LQILQGLQJDUHOLDEOHDQVZHU,QKLVFRQFOXGLQJUHPDUNVKHDJDLQVWUHVVHGWKHQHHGWR 6RFLHW\ FDQ DQG GRHV H[HFXWH LWV RZQ PDQGDWHV DQG LI LW LVVXHV ZURQJ PDQGDWHV µMXGJHWKHVHLVVXHVE\UHIHUHQFHWRZRUWKZKLOHSV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLRORJLFDOHYLGHQFH¶+LV LQVWHDGRIULJKWRUDQ\PDQGDWHVDWDOOLQWKLQJVZLWKZKLFKLWRXJKWQRWWRPHGGOHLW UHOXFWDQFHWREHJXLGHGE\µJXHVVZRUNDQGKXQFKHV¶PLJKWEHVDLGWRVKRZDODFNRIHPSDWK\ SUDFWLFHV D VRFLDO W\UDQQ\ PRUH IRUPLGDEOH WKDQ DQ\ NLQG RI SROLWLFDO RSSUHVVLRQ ZLWKKRPRVH[XDOVLQWKHGUHDGIXOGLOHPPDZKLFKWKH\VWLOOKDGWRIDFHZKHQ)LQQLVZURWH VLQFHWKRXJKQRWXVXDOO\XSKHOGE\VXFKH[WUHPHSHQDOWLHVLWOHDYHVIHZHUPHDQVRI HVFDSHSHQHWUDWLQJPXFKPRUHGHHSO\LQWRWKHGHWDLOVRIOLIHDQGHQVODYLQJWKHVRXO +RZHYHU KHFOHDUO\XQGHUVWRRGWKHRIWHQXJO\IDFH RISXEOLF SUHMXGLFHDQG LWV GHYDVWDWLQJ LWVHOI SRZHUVRIRUFHIXOO\KLJKOLJKWHGE\0LOOµ6RFLHW\PXVWEHGHVSHUDWHO\FDUHIXOWKDWLWGRHVQRW DEXVH RU XVH WR H[FHVV LWV SUHVVXUHV IRU LI WKHUH LV DQ\WKLQJ ZKLFK KLVWRU\ PD\ EH VDLG WR +HWKHQUHWXUQHGWRWKH&OD\WRQ&RRSHUµIXQGDPHQWDOSULQFLSOH¶TXRWLQJ0LOO¶VYHUVLRQRILW GHPRQVWUDWHLWLVWKDWFRHUFLRQUDUHO\DFKLHYHVZKDWLWDVSLUHVWRDFKLHYHDQGIUHTXHQWO\DWWDLQV LQSDUWDQGH[SUHVVLQJKLVµSURIRXQGHVWV\PSDWK\¶IRULW DUHVXOWLQDOOUHVSHFWVDEKRUUHQW¶+HDOVRH[SUHVVHGWKHKRSHWKDWSXEOLFSUHVVXUHPLJKWSURYH WKHRQO\SXUSRVHIRUZKLFKSRZHUFDQEHULJKWIXOO\H[HUFLVHGRYHUDQ\PHPEHURID WREHXQQHFHVVDU\IRUWKHµself-directingSRZHURISHUVRQDOLW\¶PLJKWEHVXIILFLHQWWRFDXVH FLYLOL]HGFRPPXQLW\DJDLQVWKLVZLOOLVWRSUHYHQWKDUPWRRWKHUV7KHRQO\SDUW KRPRVH[XDOVWRDEDQGRQWKHSUDFWLFHLIWKHHYLGHQFHVKRXOGHYHQWXDOO\VKRZLWWREHKDUPIXO RIWKHFRQGXFWRIDQ\RQHIRUZKLFKKHLVDPHQDEOHWRVRFLHW\LVWKDWZKLFKFRQFHUQV RWKHUV ,Q WKH SDUW ZKLFK PHUHO\ FRQFHUQV KLPVHOI KLV LQGHSHQGHQFH LV RI ULJKW WRLWVSUDFWLWLRQHUV DEVROXWH¶ Some reflections ,QYLHZRIWKHXVHRIWKHZRUGµDEVROXWH¶WKHODVWVHQWHQFHTXRWHGVHHPVWRLPSO\WKDWHYHQLI )LQQLV¶V OHWWHU ZDV YHU\ IDU IURP D FRQGHPQDWLRQ RI KRPRVH[XDOLW\ EXW LW RIIHUHG WKH FRQGXFWZKLFKRQO\DIIHFWVWKHDFWRUKLPVHOILVLPPRUDOE\VRPHNLQGRIVWDQGDUGKHVKRXOG KRPRVH[XDOFRPPXQLW\ D FRQFHSW ZKLFKGLG QRW H[LVW LQ WKH V OLWWOH FRPIRUW )LQQLV VWLOOUHPDLQXQUHVWUDLQHG:KHQ)LQQLVVWDWHGWKDWWKHSULQFLSOHZDVDµVRXQGZRUNLQJUXOHRI KLPVHOIPXVWKDYHZRQGHUHGZKHWKHUKHZDVVNDWLQJRQWKLQLFHZLWKKLVSUHGLFWLRQWKDWDOO MXVWSROLWLFV¶EXWGLGQRWµEHDUH[DPLQDWLRQDVDmoral principle¶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but because it cannot be JUHDW&DWKROLFWUDGLWLRQRIIHUHGDPXFKPRUHLPSUHVVLYHDQGFRQYLQFLQJDOWHUQDWLYH furthered by coercion )LQQLV¶VDGPRQLWLRQWRWKHSXEOLFQRWWRDEXVHLWVSUHVVXUHVRUXVHWKHPWRH[FHVVZDV 7KHVHFRQGVHQWHQFHVHHPVWRRIIHUDUDWLRQDOHIRU0LOO¶VSULQFLSOHUDWKHUWKDQFRQWUDGLFWRU EDVHGRQWKHIDOODF\WKDWPDQLIHVWDWLRQVRISXEOLFSUHMXGLFHOLNHWKHHIIHFWVRIOHJLVODWLRQDUH UHVWULFW LW :KLOH DJUHHLQJ ZLWK WKH ILUVW VHQWHQFH )LQQLV VLGHVWHSSHG WKH VHFRQG DQG FRQWUROODEOH 2QFH LW LV HVWDEOLVKHG WKDW GLVDSSUREDWLRQ LV MXVWLILHG WKH SXEOLF ZLOO LWVHOI GHWHUPLQHKRZIDUWRWDNHLW,WGRHVQRWWDNHPXFKHPSDWK\WRLPDJLQHZKDWOLIHLQWKHFORVHW KLVKRPRVH[XDOLW\ PXVWEHOLNH2QHRIWKHFRQVWDQWVPXVWEHWKHIHDUWKDWZLWKWKHGLVFRYHU\RIRQH¶VJUHDW )DZFHWWDERYHQ 7KHILUVWSDUWRI0LOO¶VFRPPHQWQRWTXRWHGE\)LQQLVUHDGVDVIROORZVµ7KHREMHFWRIWKLV(VVD\LVWR DVVHUWRQHYHU\VLPSOHSULQFLSOHDVHQWLWOHGWRJRYHUQDEVROXWHO\WKHGHDOLQJVRIVRFLHW\ZLWKWKH /HWPHFRQIHVVWKDWWKLVLVDUDWKHUIUHHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHIROORZLQJFRPPHQWPDGHE\)LQQLVLQWKLV LQGLYLGXDOLQWKHZD\RIFRPSXOVLRQDQGFRQWUROZKHWKHUWKHPHDQVXVHGEHSK\VLFDOIRUFHLQWKHIRUP FRQWH[Wµ/LEHUDOLVPLVWKHEHOLHIWKDWVRFLHW\FDQVDIHO\ QRWHQRW³PXVWQHFHVVDULO\´ EHIRXQGHGRQ RIOHJDOSHQDOWLHVRUWKHPRUDOFRHUFLRQRISXEOLFRSLQLRQ±,ELG± WKHself-directingSRZHURISHUVRQDOLW\DQGLWLVDEHOLHIWKDW,FRQVLGHUMXVWLILHG¶ +REKRXVH/HRQDUG7UHODZQ\Liberalism /RQGRQHWF283 7KH3URMHFW*XWHQEHUJKDV %HUOLQ,VDLDKTwo Concepts of Liberty: an Inaugural Lecture Delivered Before the University of PDGHWKHERRNDYDLODEOHRQOLQH±VHH KWWSZZZJXWHQEHUJRUJILOHVKKKWP! Oxford on 31 October 1958 2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VHFUHWDOORIRQH¶VOLIHLQFOXGLQJWKHZRUNRQHPLJKWKDYHGRQHIRUWKHEHQHILWRIVRFLHW\ WKHJXODJVLQ5XVVLDDQGWKH+RORFDXVWLQ*HUPDQ\,VWKHUHVWUDLQLQJIRUFHRIWKH&KULVWLDQ ZRXOGEHGHYDOXHGDQGWKDWSXEOLFFRQWHPSWZRXOGLQWKHLQFRPSDUDEOHZRUGVRI-RKQ6WXDUW UHOLJLRQ LQGLVSHQVDEOH IRU WKH PDLQWHQDQFH RI D FLYLOLVHG OLIH" +HLQULFK +HLQH WKH IDPRXV 0LOOµSHQHWUDWHGHHSO\LQWRWKHGHWDLOVRIOLIHDQGHQVODYHWKHVRXOLWVHOI¶2Q0D\ *HUPDQSRHWDQGH[SDWULDWHWKRXJKWVR:ULWLQJLQWKHHDUO\VKHSUHGLFWHGGLVDVWHUIRU WKH GHDGO\ IRUFH RI SXEOLF GLVDSSUREDWLRQ RI KRPRVH[XDOLW\ ZDV DPSO\ GHPRQVWUDWHG LQ *HUPDQ\LIWKH&KULVWLDQIDLWKZDVORVW $GHODLGHZKHQWKUHHRIIGXW\PHPEHUVRIWKHSROLFHIRUFHORRNLQJIRUVRPHIXQWKUHZRQH &KULVWLDQLW\ ± DQG WKDW LV LWV JUHDWHVW PHULW ±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µ$OO WKUHH RI WKH JUHDWHVW*UHHNSKLORVRSKHUV6RFUDWHV3ODWRDQG$ULVWRWOHUHJDUGHGKRPRVH[XDOconduct DV %HIRUH KLV FRQYHUVLRQ WR &DWKROLFLVP )LQQLV YRLFHG DQ DOWHUQDWLYH YLHZ RI UHOLJLRQ µWKH LQWULQVLFDOO\VKDPHIXOLPPRUDODQGLQGHHGGHSUDYHGRUGHSUDYLQJ7KDWLVWRVD\DOOWKUHH VHUYLOLW\ RI PHQ WR WKH VXSSRVHG RSLQLRQV RI WKHLU JRGV KDV LQVSLUHG DQG MXVWLILHG HYHU\ UHMHFWHG WKH OLQFKSLQ RI PRGHP ³JD\´ LGHRORJ\ DQG OLIHVW\OH¶ +H WKHQ WUDFHG WKH FRQFHLYDEOHDFWLRQDQGHYHU\FRQFHLYDEOHPRUDOSUHFHSWDQGPRUHEORRG\KRUURUVWKDQFDQEH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHWHDFKLQJRIWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKRQWKHVXEMHFWRIVH[XDOPRUDOLW\RYHUWKH FRQFHLYHG¶7KHUHLVHYLGHQFHLQDEXQGDQFHLQKLVWRU\DQGLQFXUUHQWFRQIOLFWVWRVXSSRUW FHQWXULHV$FFRUGLQJWRLWKRPRVH[XDOFRQGXFWZDVXQDFFHSWDEOHEHFDXVHLWZDVRQHRIWKH VXFKDYLHZ,DPXQZLOOLQJDQGXQDEOHWRMRLQWKHUDQNVRIWKRVHZKRWKLQNWKDWWKH\NQRZ PDQ\VH[XDODEHUUDWLRQVZKLFKFRQIOLFWHGZLWKWKHLQVWLWXWLRQRIPDUULDJHRQHRIWKHJUHDW WKHDQVZHU JRRGVEHVWRZHGXSRQPDQNLQG &The role of the churches in politics (April 1960) 0\ JHQHUDWLRQ JUHZ XS ZLWK VWULFW VWDQGDUGV LQ VH[XDO PDWWHUV DQG WR XV LW LV µ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ GLVFRQFHUWLQJWRVHHVH[EHLQJUHGXFHGWRMXVWDQRWKHUIRUPRIHQWHUWDLQPHQW'LGWKHUHDGLQJ ,Q WKH V %$6DQWDPDULD D 0HOERXUQH 5RPDQ &DWKROLF KDG IRXQGHG µ7KH 0RYHPHQW¶ RI )LQQLV¶V DUWLFOH DGG WR DQ\ QDJJLQJ ZRUULHV , PLJKW IHHO DERXW WKH µWUDQVYDOXDWLRQ RI DOO ODWHUWKH1&&µ1DWLRQDO&LYLF&RXQFLO¶ DQDQWL&RPPXQLVWJURXSZKLFKDLPHGWRFRPEDW YDOXHV¶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¶V DX[LOLDU\ ELVKRS ,Q 5RPDQ &DWKROLF PHPEHUV RI WKH $XVWUDOLDQ ODVWLQJSDUWQHUVKLSVZLOOHQVXUHµOLIHDVXVXDO¶IRUPRVWRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ /DERU3DUW\IRUPHGWKH'HPRFUDWLF/DERU3DUW\DWIHGHUDOOHYHODQGLQVRPHRIWKH6WDWHV,W 7KHUH DUH FRQFHUQV DW DQRWKHU OHYHO )LQQLV¶V PDULWDO JRRG KDV QRWKLQJ WR GR ZLWK VSOLWWKH/DERUPRYHPHQWDQGNHSWFRQVHUYDWLYHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWVLQSRZHUXQWLO VWDWLVWLFV ,W LV URRWHG LQ WKH -XGHR&KULVWLDQ WUDGLWLRQ 7KHUH VWLOO LV PXFK VXSSRUW IRU WKH The Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 &¶WK LQWURGXFHG EUHDNGRZQ RI PDUULDJH -XGHR&KULVWLDQHWKLF FDVWLQWKHIRUPRIKXPDQULJKWVLGHRORJ\ EXWGLPLQLVKLQJVXSSRUWIRU UHJDUGOHVVRIIDXOWDVDJURXQGIRUGLYRUFHDFRQFHSWJURVVO\DWRGGVZLWKWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF WKHUHOLJLRXVIDLWKZKLFKKDVFUHDWHGLW%HLQJOLNHVRPDQ\RIP\&KULVWLDQFRQWHPSRUDULHVD YLHZWKDWPDUULDJHLVLQGLVVROXEOH'XULQJWKHGHEDWHRIWKH%LOOWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF6HQDWRU QRQEHOLHYHU,ZRQGHUZKHWKHULWLVUHDOO\VDIHWRVHSDUDWHWKHWZR-HVXVZDQWHGXVWRORYH +DQQDQSUHGLFWHGWKDWµWKLVPHDVXUH>ZLOOFUXPEOH@LQWRWKHGXVWIURPZKLFK>LW@VKRXOGQHYHU RXUQHLJKERXUQRWMXVWWRWUHDWKLPRUKHUZHOOEHFDXVHWKDWKDSSHQVWREHWKHEHVWZD\RI KDYHHPHUJHG¶%LVKRS)R[DQQRXQFHGLQ0HOERXUQHWKDWPHPEHUVRI3DUOLDPHQWZKR HQVXULQJRXURZQFRPIRUW&DQDODVWLQJVHFXODUHWKLFEHEXLOWRQWKHWKHRU\RIKXPDQULJKWV" YRWHGIRUWKH%LOOKDGIRUIHLWHGWKHULJKWWREHFDOOHG&KULVWLDQV0DQ\SROLWLFDOO\DFWLYHDQG $WWHPSWVWREXLOGQHZHWKLFVEDVHGRQHFRQRPLFRUELRORJLFDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQVKDYHJLYHQXV LQWHUHVWHG$XVWUDOLDQV LQFOXGLQJ VWXGHQWV ZRQGHUHG KRZ PXFK LQIOXHQFH LI DQ\ FKXUFKHV 5HHYHV7LPµ'XQFDQ*HRUJH,DQ2JLOYLH ± ¶ADBVHH KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\GXQFDQJHRUJHLDQRJLOYLH! %\WKHHQGRImore than 30 countries hadUHFRJQLVHGJD\PDUULDJHOHJDOO\±VHH Religion and Philosophy in Germany. A Fragment$VOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQWWUDQVODWLRQPD\EHIRXQGLQWKH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL6DPHVH[BPDUULDJH!,Q,UHODQGUHFRJQLVHGVDPHVH[XQLRQVE\ Internet Archive DWSS±±VHH UHIHUHQGXPDQGFRQVWLWXWLRQDOFKDQJH KWWSDUFKLYHRUJVWUHDPUHOLJLRQDQGSKLORPESUHOLJLRQDQGSKLORPESBGMYXW[W! 6HHeg)LQQLV-RKQ0µ/DZ0RUDOLW\DQG³6H[XDO2ULHQWDWLRQ´¶ Notre Dame Law Review /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRU The Groaning Stone± ± )LQQLV-RKQµ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ $SULO On Dit ,ELG )RUDQDFFRXQWRIWKHEDFNJURXQGWRWKH$FWVHH%DUZLFN*DUILHOGµ6RPH$VSHFWVRIWKH1HZ 7KHSKUDVHµDie Umwertung aller Werte¶ZDVFRLQHGE\)ULHGULFK1LHW]VFKH. 0DWULPRQLDO&DXVHV$FW¶ Sydney Law Review± 7KHVHILJXUHVDUHSURYLGHGE\WKH$XVWUDOLDQ%XUHDXRI6WDWLVWLFV±VHH 4XRWHGLQ)LQQLV-RKQµ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ $SULO On Dit KWWSZZZDEVJRYDX$8667$76DEV#QVI/RRNXS0DLQ)HDWXUHV-XO\QXPEHU! ,ELGS The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VHFUHWDOORIRQH¶VOLIHLQFOXGLQJWKHZRUNRQHPLJKWKDYHGRQHIRUWKHEHQHILWRIVRFLHW\ WKHJXODJVLQ5XVVLDDQGWKH+RORFDXVWLQ*HUPDQ\,VWKHUHVWUDLQLQJIRUFHRIWKH&KULVWLDQ ZRXOGEHGHYDOXHGDQGWKDWSXEOLFFRQWHPSWZRXOGLQWKHLQFRPSDUDEOHZRUGVRI-RKQ6WXDUW UHOLJLRQ LQGLVSHQVDEOH IRU WKH PDLQWHQDQFH RI D FLYLOLVHG OLIH" +HLQULFK +HLQH WKH IDPRXV 0LOOµSHQHWUDWHGHHSO\LQWRWKHGHWDLOVRIOLIHDQGHQVODYHWKHVRXOLWVHOI¶2Q0D\ *HUPDQSRHWDQGH[SDWULDWHWKRXJKWVR:ULWLQJLQWKHHDUO\VKHSUHGLFWHGGLVDVWHUIRU WKH GHDGO\ IRUFH RI SXEOLF GLVDSSUREDWLRQ RI KRPRVH[XDOLW\ ZDV DPSO\ GHPRQVWUDWHG LQ *HUPDQ\LIWKH&KULVWLDQIDLWKZDVORVW $GHODLGHZKHQWKUHHRIIGXW\PHPEHUVRIWKHSROLFHIRUFHORRNLQJIRUVRPHIXQWKUHZRQH &KULVWLDQLW\ ± DQG WKDW LV LWV JUHDWHVW PHULW ±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µ$OO WKUHH RI WKH JUHDWHVW*UHHNSKLORVRSKHUV6RFUDWHV3ODWRDQG$ULVWRWOHUHJDUGHGKRPRVH[XDOconduct DV %HIRUH KLV FRQYHUVLRQ WR &DWKROLFLVP )LQQLV YRLFHG DQ DOWHUQDWLYH YLHZ RI UHOLJLRQ µWKH LQWULQVLFDOO\VKDPHIXOLPPRUDODQGLQGHHGGHSUDYHGRUGHSUDYLQJ7KDWLVWRVD\DOOWKUHH VHUYLOLW\ RI PHQ WR WKH VXSSRVHG RSLQLRQV RI WKHLU JRGV KDV LQVSLUHG DQG MXVWLILHG HYHU\ UHMHFWHG WKH OLQFKSLQ RI PRGHP ³JD\´ LGHRORJ\ DQG OLIHVW\OH¶ +H WKHQ WUDFHG WKH FRQFHLYDEOHDFWLRQDQGHYHU\FRQFHLYDEOHPRUDOSUHFHSWDQGPRUHEORRG\KRUURUVWKDQFDQEH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHWHDFKLQJRIWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKRQWKHVXEMHFWRIVH[XDOPRUDOLW\RYHUWKH FRQFHLYHG¶7KHUHLVHYLGHQFHLQDEXQGDQFHLQKLVWRU\DQGLQFXUUHQWFRQIOLFWVWRVXSSRUW FHQWXULHV$FFRUGLQJWRLWKRPRVH[XDOFRQGXFWZDVXQDFFHSWDEOHEHFDXVHLWZDVRQHRIWKH VXFKDYLHZ,DPXQZLOOLQJDQGXQDEOHWRMRLQWKHUDQNVRIWKRVHZKRWKLQNWKDWWKH\NQRZ PDQ\VH[XDODEHUUDWLRQVZKLFKFRQIOLFWHGZLWKWKHLQVWLWXWLRQRIPDUULDJHRQHRIWKHJUHDW WKHDQVZHU JRRGVEHVWRZHGXSRQPDQNLQG &The role of the churches in politics (April 1960) 0\ JHQHUDWLRQ JUHZ XS ZLWK VWULFW VWDQGDUGV LQ VH[XDO PDWWHUV DQG WR XV LW LV µ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ GLVFRQFHUWLQJWRVHHVH[EHLQJUHGXFHGWRMXVWDQRWKHUIRUPRIHQWHUWDLQPHQW'LGWKHUHDGLQJ ,Q WKH V %$6DQWDPDULD D 0HOERXUQH 5RPDQ &DWKROLF KDG IRXQGHG µ7KH 0RYHPHQW¶ RI)LQQLV¶V DUWLFOH DGGWR DQ\ QDJJLQJZRUULHV, PLJKW IHHO DERXW WKH µWUDQVYDOXDWLRQRI DOO ODWHUWKH1&&µ1DWLRQDO&LYLF&RXQFLO¶ DQDQWL&RPPXQLVWJURXSZKLFKDLPHGWRFRPEDW YDOXHV¶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¶V DX[LOLDU\ ELVKRS ,Q 5RPDQ &DWKROLF PHPEHUV RI WKH $XVWUDOLDQ ODVWLQJSDUWQHUVKLSVZLOOHQVXUHµOLIHDVXVXDO¶IRUPRVWRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ /DERU3DUW\IRUPHGWKH'HPRFUDWLF/DERU3DUW\DWIHGHUDOOHYHODQGLQVRPHRIWKH6WDWHV,W 7KHUH DUH FRQFHUQV DW DQRWKHU OHYHO )LQQLV¶V PDULWDO JRRG KDV QRWKLQJ WR GR ZLWK VSOLWWKH/DERUPRYHPHQWDQGNHSWFRQVHUYDWLYHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWVLQSRZHUXQWLO VWDWLVWLFV ,W LV URRWHG LQ WKH -XGHR&KULVWLDQ WUDGLWLRQ 7KHUH VWLOO LV PXFK VXSSRUW IRU WKH The Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 &¶WK LQWURGXFHG EUHDNGRZQ RI PDUULDJH -XGHR&KULVWLDQHWKLF FDVWLQWKHIRUPRIKXPDQULJKWVLGHRORJ\ EXWGLPLQLVKLQJVXSSRUWIRU UHJDUGOHVVRIIDXOWDVDJURXQGIRUGLYRUFHDFRQFHSWJURVVO\DWRGGVZLWKWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF WKHUHOLJLRXVIDLWKZKLFKKDVFUHDWHGLW%HLQJOLNHVRPDQ\RIP\&KULVWLDQFRQWHPSRUDULHVD YLHZWKDWPDUULDJHLVLQGLVVROXEOH'XULQJWKHGHEDWHRIWKH%LOOWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF6HQDWRU QRQEHOLHYHU,ZRQGHUZKHWKHULWLVUHDOO\VDIHWRVHSDUDWHWKHWZR-HVXVZDQWHGXVWRORYH +DQQDQSUHGLFWHGWKDWµWKLVPHDVXUH>ZLOOFUXPEOH@LQWRWKHGXVWIURPZKLFK>LW@VKRXOGQHYHU RXUQHLJKERXUQRWMXVWWRWUHDWKLPRUKHUZHOOEHFDXVHWKDWKDSSHQVWREHWKHEHVWZD\RI KDYHHPHUJHG¶%LVKRS)R[DQQRXQFHGLQ0HOERXUQHWKDWPHPEHUVRI3DUOLDPHQWZKR HQVXULQJRXURZQFRPIRUW&DQDODVWLQJVHFXODUHWKLFEHEXLOWRQWKHWKHRU\RIKXPDQULJKWV" YRWHGIRUWKH%LOOKDGIRUIHLWHGWKHULJKWWREHFDOOHG&KULVWLDQV0DQ\SROLWLFDOO\DFWLYHDQG $WWHPSWVWREXLOGQHZHWKLFVEDVHGRQHFRQRPLFRUELRORJLFDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQVKDYHJLYHQXV LQWHUHVWHG$XVWUDOLDQV LQFOXGLQJ VWXGHQWV ZRQGHUHG KRZ PXFK LQIOXHQFH LI DQ\ FKXUFKHV 5HHYHV7LPµ'XQFDQ*HRUJH,DQ2JLOYLH ± ¶ADBVHH KWWSDGEDQXHGXDXELRJUDSK\GXQFDQJHRUJHLDQRJLOYLH! %\WKHHQGRIFRXQWULHVKDGUHFRJQLVHGJD\PDUULDJHOHJDOO\±VHH Religion and Philosophy in Germany. A Fragment$VOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQWWUDQVODWLRQPD\EHIRXQGLQWKH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL6DPHVH[BPDUULDJH!,Q,UHODQGUHFRJQLVHGVDPHVH[XQLRQVE\ Internet Archive DWSS±±VHH UHIHUHQGXPDQGFRQVWLWXWLRQDOFKDQJH KWWSDUFKLYHRUJVWUHDPUHOLJLRQDQGSKLORPESUHOLJLRQDQGSKLORPESBGMYXW[W! 6HHeg)LQQLV-RKQ0µ/DZ0RUDOLW\DQG³6H[XDO2ULHQWDWLRQ´¶ Notre Dame Law Review /HWWHUWRWKH(GLWRU The Groaning Stone± ± )LQQLV-RKQµ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ $SULO On Dit ,ELG )RUDQDFFRXQWRIWKHEDFNJURXQGWRWKH$FWVHH%DUZLFN*DUILHOGµ6RPH$VSHFWVRIWKH1HZ 7KHSKUDVHµDie Umwertung aller Werte¶ZDVFRLQHGE\)ULHGULFK1LHW]VFKH. 0DWULPRQLDO&DXVHV$FW¶ Sydney Law Review± 7KHVHILJXUHVDUHSURYLGHGE\WKH$XVWUDOLDQ%XUHDXRI6WDWLVWLFV±VHH 4XRWHGLQ)LQQLV-RKQµ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶ $SULO On Dit KWWSZZZDEVJRYDX$8667$76DEV#QVI/RRNXS0DLQ)HDWXUHV-XO\QXPEHU! ,ELGS The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VKRXOGEHDOORZHGWRZLHOGXSRQSROLWLFVDQGWKHOHJLVODWLYHSURFHVV%\WKHWLPHWKHILUVWWHUP 2QDOOWKHVHJURXQGVZHDUHVDWLVILHGZLWKWKHXVXDOPRGHUQEHOLHILQ$XVWUDOLD RIJRWXQGHUZD\On DitKDGUHFHLYHGDQXPEHURIFRQWULEXWLRQVRQWKLVLVVXH WKDW SROLWLFV DQG UHOLJLRQ DUH WZR FRPSDUWPHQWV RI PDQ¶V VRFLDO H[LVWHQFH WKDW DUH 7KH ILUVW RI WKHVH WR EH SXEOLVKHG ZDV µ5HOLJLRXV ,QIOXHQFH LQ 3ROLWLFV¶ E\ /LQXV EHWWHUNHSWVHSDUDWH SUREDEO\WKHSHQQDPHRI:LOO%D\QHVµWKHILUVWRIDVHULHVRIDUWLFOHVWREHUXQLQOn Dit +H H[SUHVVHG DJUHHPHQW ZLWK WKH VXJJHVWLRQ PDGH E\ 6LU *DUILHOG %DUZLFN LQ WKH GHEDWH E\ YDULRXV FRQWULEXWRUV¶ /LQXV FODLPHG XQGHU WKH VXEKHDGLQJ µ&DWKROLF$FWLRQ¶ WKDW WKH DERXWWKHMatrimonial Causes BillWKDWDFKXUFKPDQQRWRQO\KDGDULJKWEXWDOVRDGXW\WR 5RPDQ&DWKROLF&KXUFKGLGQRWQHHGSURPSWLQJIRULWZDVSROLWLFDOO\DFWLYHDQGLQIOXHQWLDO µH[SUHVV KLV SRLQW RI YLHZ RQ D PDWWHU RI VRFLDO RU PRUDO FRQFHUQ WR WKH FRPPXQLW\¶ DV VKRZQ E\ RQH RQ WKH (QF\FOLFDOV RI 3LXV;,, µ7R WU\ DQG GUDZ D OLQH RI GHPDUFDWLRQ +RZHYHULQWUXWK)LQQLV¶VDSSURDFKZDVVRPHZKDWPRUHUHVWULFWLYH EHWZHHQ WKH &KXUFK DQG WKH ZRUOG DV LI WKH\ KDG QRWKLQJ WR GR ZLWK HDFK RWKHU LV FKXUFKHV VKRXOG LQ JHQHUDO DEVWDLQ IURP SURQRXQFHPHQWV DQG DJLWDWLRQ RQ DEVROXWHO\ DOLHQ WR &DWKROLF WKRXJKW DQG REYLRXVO\ DQWL&KULVWLDQ¶7KLV WUDGLWLRQ VR /LQXV SDUWLFXODU VHFXODU SROLWLFDO LVVXHV DQG VKRXOG H[SHFW WKHLU SURQRXQFHPHQWV RQ WKRXJKWZHQWEDFNWRµWKHWLPHRI+LOGHEUDQGDWOHDVW¶ RWKHU PDWWHUV ZLWKLQ WKHLU SURYLQFH DV NHHSHUV RI WKH VRXOV RI WKHLU DGKHUHQWV WR 7KH SURWHVWDQW FKXUFKHV RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG VR /LQXV VXJJHVWHGZHUH VKLUNLQJ WKHLU UHFHLYH QR SHFXOLDU IDYRXU ZLWK WKH OHJLVODWRUV EXW WR EH UHJDUGHG DV VLPSO\ WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ RI SROLWLFDO DFWLRQ SHUKDSV EHFDXVH WKH\ ZHUH VWLOO DVKDPHG RI ZKDW WKHLU H[SUHVVLRQDVRQHDPRQJWKHPDQ\FRPPXQLW\LQWHUHVWVWREHKDUPRQLVHGE\ZLVH SUHGHFHVVRUVKDGGRQHWR6HUYHWXVDQG6LU7KRPDV0RUHµWKHJORZRI6HUYHWXV¶HPEHUVDQG OHJLVODWLRQ WKHUXGG\KHDGRI6LU7KRPDV0RUH¶VRKHVXJJHVWHGVWLOOEOLQG3URWHVWDQWVWRWKHIDFWWKDW )LQQLV FRQFOXGHG WKDW WKH SURQRXQFHPHQWV E\ 6HQDWRU +DQQDQ DQG E\ %LVKRS )R[ ZHUH µSROLWLFVLVDYDOLGDQGQHFHVVDU\ILHOGIRUUHOLJLRXVDFWLYLW\¶:KLOHKHSOHDGHGIRUWROHUDQFH LQDSSURSULDWH6HQDWRU+DQQDQKDGXVHGVWURQJODQJXDJHLQWKH6HQDWHWRYRLFHKLVRSSRVLWLRQ DQGUHVSHFWIRUµGHYLDQWDWWLWXGHV¶KHDOVRDIILUPHGWKDWµWKHVRFLDOQDWXUHRI&KULVWLDQLW\PD\ WR WKH Bill +RZHYHU KH ZDV D SDUOLDPHQWDULDQ WKHUH LV QR UXOH DJDLQVW WKH XVH RI VWURQJ ZHOOGHPDQG3ROLWLFDO$OOLDQFH¶,QWKHILUVWRIWKH0D\LVVXHVRIOn Dit/LQXVVWUXFNDPRUH ODQJXDJHLQDQHIIRUWWRSHUVXDGHIHOORZODZPDNHUVRIRQH¶VSRLQWRIYLHZ FDXWLRXVQRWH %LVKRS )R[ ZDV DQ RXWVLGHU DQG KLV PRUH SUREOHPDWLFDO VWDWHPHQW VHHPHG OLNH DQ ,QZKHQ-RKQ).HQQHG\FDPSDLJQHGWREHFRPHDFDQGLGDWHIRUWKH3UHVLGHQF\ DWWHPSWWRLQYRNHWKH&KXUFK¶VUHOLJLRXVDXWKRULW\WREOXGJHRQ&DWKROLFSDUOLDPHQWDULDQVLQWR RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV PDQ\ $PHULFDQV ZRQGHUHG ZKHWKHU D 5RPDQ &DWKROLF VKRXOG HYHU RSSRVLWLRQWRWKHBill3DUOLDPHQWDULDQVRIWHQIROORZWKHLUSDUW\OLQHUDWKHUWKDQZHLJKXSWKH RFFXS\ WKDW RIILFH 5RJHU /HRQDUG VXJJHVWHG LQ On Dit WKDW D QXPEHU RI $PHULFDQ DUJXPHQWVIRUDQGDJDLQVWDOHJLVODWLYHPHDVXUHEXWEHLQJFRQWUROOHGIURP5RPHPXVWKDYH 3URWHVWDQWVFRQVLGHUHGLWXQGHPRFUDWLFWRGHSULYHIRUW\PLOOLRQ$PHULFDQ&DWKROLFVRIWKHLU VHHPHG SUREOHPDWLFDO LQ DQ $XVWUDOLD ZKLFK ZDV VWLOO PDQ\ GHFDGHV DZD\ IURP RXU GHPRFUDWLF ULJKWWRSDUWLFLSDWHIXOO\LQ WKHSROLWLFDOSURFHVVLWIROORZHGVR/HRQKDUGVDLG PXOWLFXOWXUDOHUD WKDW WKHUH ZDV QRWKLQJ ZURQJ ZLWK -).¶V FDQGLGDF\ /LQXV DGGHG D VKRUW FRPPHQW WR WKH 'LVDJUHHLQJ ZLWK )LQQLV¶V UHVWULFWLYH DSSURDFK RQH '$ 6PLWK DFFXVHG )LQQLV RI DUWLFOHZRQGHULQJZKHWKHUD5RPDQ&DWKROLFSROLWLFLDQZRXOGWHQGWRIROORZWKHWHDFKLQJVRI KDYLQJGLVWRUWHGWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF&KXUFK$VD&KULVWLDQFRXQWU\VRKH KLV &KXUFK DW WKH H[SHQVH RI YLHZV KH ZRXOG IRUP LI KH ZHUH IUHH WR WKLQN DQG DFW VDLG$XVWUDOLD VKRXOG DFFHSW WKDW WKH FKXUFKHV KDG HYHU\ ULJKW WR HQJDJH LQ WKH DIIDLUV RI LQGHSHQGHQWO\ JRYHUQPHQWDQGODZ,QYRNLQJELEOLFDODXWKRULW\IRUKLVYLHZVKHDSSODXGHGWKHIDFWWKDW )LQQLV¶V VXEVWDQWLDO DUWLFOH UHFDOOHG WKH EDG ROG GD\V ZKHQ FKXUFKPHQ ZHUH DOVR WKH1LQWK/DPEHWK&RQIHUHQFHRIKDGGHILQHGWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKH$QJOLFDQFRPPXQLRQ SROLWLFLDQV (FKRLQJ WKH IHDU RI WKHRFUDWLF JRYHUQPHQW H[SUHVVHG E\ 6HQDWRU %URZQ LQ WKH RQ µDQ H[WUHPHO\ GLYHUVH UDQJH RI SROLWLFRVRFLDO DQG KXPDQLWDULDQ LVVXHV¶ FRQWUDFHSWLRQ GHEDWHRQWKHMatrimonial Causes BillRI)LQQLVVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKRVHGD\VPLJKWUHWXUQ EHLQJRQH LIWKHFKXUFKHVZHUHHYHUWRUHJDLQ µWKHLUROG VWUHQJWKDQG FRQILGHQFH¶8QGHUWKHKHDGLQJ 7HUU\ 0F5DH RQH RI )LQQLV¶V IHOORZ ODZ VWXGHQWV ZDV D PHPEHU RI WKH /DERU µ6XSHULRU:LVGRP¶KHLGHQWLILHGZKDWKHVDZDVWKHFXUUHQWDSSURDFK WKHµHPLQHQWO\VRXQG &OXE /LNH )LQQLV KH ZURWH PDQ\ FRQWULEXWLRQV WR On Dit ,Q µ3DSDF\ 3RSHU\ DQG ZRUNLQJUXOHIRURXUGHPRFUDF\¶ 3ROLWLFV¶ KH DWWHPSWHG WR GHILQH ZLWK VRPH SUHFLVLRQ WKH OHJLWLPDWH DPELW IRU FKXUFK LQWHUYHQWLRQLQSROLWLFV&RQVLGHULQJWKHVRXUFHVZKLFKKHXVHGWRVXSSRUWKLVDUJXPHQWVKLV :HWKLQNWKDWIDLWKLVSUHMXGLFLDOWRFOHDUWKRXJKWDERXWWKHQHHGVRIVRFLHW\WKDWWKH UHOLJLRXVMDUJRQRI³ULJKW´³*RG¶VODZ´DQGVRRQPDNHLPSRVVLEOHSROLWLFDOGHEDWH LQDFRPPRQODQJXDJHOHWDORQHRQHYHQVLPLODUDVVXPSWLRQV )LQQLVNQHZKRZWRXQGHUSLQKLVDUJXPHQWVZLWKHOHJDQWSKUDVHVµ:KDWHYHUDXUDRIVDQFWLW\VRPHRI XVPD\WKLQNDWWDFKHVWRWKHOHDGHUVRIWKHIDLWKLVXQGRXEWHGO\GLPPHGLIQRWH[WLQJXLVKHGZKHQWKHVH OHDGHUVRSHQWKHLUPRXWKVWRVSHDNRIWKLQJVWHPSRUDO¶± $SULO On Dit µ&KULVWLDQLW\LQ3ROLWLFV¶ 0D\ On Dit ,Q6W-RKQ-HVXVLVVDLGWRKDYHWROGKLVGLVFLSOHVµ$VP\)DWKHUKDVVHQWPHLQWRWKHZRUOG $SULO On Dit7KHDXWKRUZDVSUREDEO\:LOO%D\QHVLWZDVFHUWDLQO\QRW-RKQ)LQQLV HYHQVRGR,DOVRVHQG\RXLQWRWKHZRUOG¶7KHTXRWDWLRQLVWDNHQIURP6PLWK¶VDUWLFOHUDWKHUWKDQIURP +LOGHEUDQGZDV3RSH*UHJRU\9,,ZKRGHQLHGWKHULJKWWRLQYHVWELVKRSVWRWKH*HUPDQ(PSHURU WKHVRPHZKDWEULHIHUVWDWHPHQWLQWKH.LQJ-DPHVYHUVLRQRIWKH%LEOH +HQU\,9DW&DQRVVD+HQU\KDGWRERZEHIRUHWKH3RSHWRSOHDGIRUWKHZLWKGUDZDORIKLV $ERYHDWQ H[FRPPXQLFDWLRQ±VHH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL3RSHB*UHJRU\B9,,!DQG ([DPSOHVDUHµ3OD\IRUGLVPLQ3HUVSHFWLYH¶ 0D\ On DitDQGµ&RPPXQLVWDQG

FRQWULEXWLRQLVZULWWHQIURPD5RPDQ&DWKROLFSRLQWRIYLHZ+HVDZWZRLQVWDQFHVLQZKLFK Berlin’s concept of freedom µWKH&KXUFKPD\RUVKRXOGWHPSRUDULO\RUJDQLVHDVDSROLWLFDOIRUFH¶ %HUOLQGHILQHVµQHJDWLYHIUHHGRP¶DVµWKHIUHHGRPZKLFKFRQVLVWVLQQRWEHLQJSUHYHQWHGIURP :KHUHMXVWLFHLQVRPHVHULRXVPDWWHUHJHGXFDWLRQLVGHQLHGWR&DWKROLFVDQG FKRRVLQJDV,GRE\RWKHUPHQ¶ DQGPDNHVLWFOHDUWKDWLWFDQQRWEHXQOLPLWHGµ0HQDUH FDQQRWEHREWDLQHGH[FHSWWKURXJKSRZHUSROLWLFV ODUJHO\LQWHUGHSHQGHQWDQGQRPDQ¶VDFWLYLW\LVVRFRPSOHWHO\SULYDWHDVQHYHUWRREVWUXFWWKH :KHUHVRPHDQWL&DWKROLFIRUFHHJ&RPPXQLVPWKUHDWHQVWKHYHU\H[LVWHQFHRI OLYHVRIRWKHUVLQDQ\ZD\WKHOLEHUW\RIVRPHPXVWGHSHQGRQWKHUHVWUDLQWRIRWKHUV ¶ WKH &KXUFK DQG FDQQRW EH VXFFHVVIXOO\ RSSRVHG H[FHSW E\ XQLWLQJ LQWR D SROLWLFDO +RZGRHVRQHGUDZWKHOLQHEHWZHHQWKHIUHHGRPRISULYDWHOLIHDQGWKHGHPDQGVRIIUHHGRP IRUFHLQGHIHQFHRIWKH6WDWH OLPLWLQJSXEOLFDXWKRULW\"%HUOLQPHQWLRQVWKDW0LOODQG&RQVWDQWKDGIDYRXUHGµDPD[LPXP 7KHVH ZHUH RQO\ WZR SDUWLFXODUO\ FOHDU LQVWDQFHV RI D PXFK EURDGHU SULQFLSOH ZKLFK GHJUHHRIQRQLQWHUIHUHQFHFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHPLQLPXPGHPDQGVRIVRFLDOOLIH¶ EXWKH DFFRUGLQJWR0F5DHMXVWLILHGLQWHUYHQWLRQ4XRWLQJH[WUDFWVDWVRPHOHQJWKIURPDQDGGUHVV GRHVQRWHQGRUVHVXFKDEURDGSRVWXODWH:LWKRXWOLPLWVWRIUHHGRPµWKHOLEHUWLHVRIWKHZHDN WR WKH KLJKHU FOHUJ\ LQ 5RPH LQ E\ 3RSH 3LXV;,, DQG IURP WKH HQF\FOLFDO Singulari ZRXOG EH VXSSUHVVHG E\ WKH VWURQJ¶ 7KHUH DUH PDQ\ RWKHU LPSRUWDQW YDOXHV VXFK DV QuadamRIE\3RSH3LXV;KHDIILUPHGWKDWSROLWLFDOLVVXHVRIWHQLQYROYHPRUDOLVVXHV MXVWLFH KDSSLQHVV FXOWXUH VHFXULW\ DQG YDU\LQJ GHJUHHV RI HTXDOLW\ ZKLFK QHHG WR EH 6XFKLVVXHVDUHJRYHUQHGE\QDWXUDOODZDQGDUHWKHUHIRUHLQWKHZRUGVRI3LXV;,,µZLWKLQ DFFRPPRGDWHGDWWKHH[SHQVHRISHUVRQDOIUHHGRP 1HYHUWKHOHVVDWOHDVWVRPHPLQLPDO WKH &KXUFK¶V SRZHU E\ *RG¶V DSSRLQWPHQW¶ 0RUHRYHU WKH &KXUFK KLHUDUFK\ KDV WKH SHUVRQDOIUHHGRPPXVWDOZD\VEHSUHVHUYHGDSRVLWLRQIRUZKLFKKHIRXQGVXSSRUWLQ0LOO SRZHUDOEHLWRQHZKLFKLVH[HUFLVHGVSDULQJO\WRELQGPHQ¶VFRQVFLHQFHVUHQGHULQJSHUVRQDO &RQVWDQW/RFNHDQG7RFTXHYLOOH MXGJPHQWLUUHOHYDQWDQGVLPSO\GHPDQGLQJREHGLHQFH WKHUHRXJKWWRH[LVWDFHUWDLQPLQLPXPDUHDRISHUVRQDOIUHHGRPZKLFKPXVWRQQR 0F5DH¶V DUWLFOH FRQFOXGHV ZLWK D EULHI HVVD\ RQ OD\ DSRVWRODWHV JURXSV RI OD\PHQ DFFRXQW EH YLRODWHG IRULI LW LVRYHUVWHSSHG WKH LQGLYLGXDOZLOOILQG KLPVHOI LQ DQ IRUPHG WR WDNH SROLWLFDO DFWLRQ ZKHQ WKH QHHG DULVHV IRU µWR SUD\ DQG EH GHYRXW LV QRW DUHDWRRQDUURZIRUHYHQWKDWPLQLPXPGHYHORSPHQWRIKLVQDWXUDOIDFXOWLHVZKLFK HQRXJK¶ 6RPH DSRVWRODWHV DUH RUJDQLVHG DQG XQGHU WKH FRQWURO RI D ELVKRS RWKHUV GR QRW DORQHPDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRSXUVXHDQGHYHQWRFRQFHLYHWKHYDULRXVHQGVZKLFKPHQ DQVZHUWRDELVKRSEXWDUHVWLOOERXQGE\WKHPRUDOGLUHFWLYHVRIWKH&KXUFK KROGJRRGRUULJKWRUVDFUHG 7KHVH HVVD\V DUH RI SDUWLFXODU LQWHUHVW IRU WKH\ XQGHUOLQH WKH FRPPHQWV E\ ,YDQ 3RVLWLYHIUHHGRPDV%HUOLQXQGHUVWRRGLWLVEDVHGRQWKHZLVKWREHRQH¶VRZQPDVWHU 6KHDUHU DQG RWKHUV ZKLFK VWUHVV WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI UHOLJLRXV LVVXHV WR WKH VWXGHQWV RI WKH µRI SOD\LQJ D KXPDQ UROH WKDW LV RI FRQFHLYLQJ JRDOV DQG SROLFLHV RI >RQH¶V@ RZQ DQG SHULRG)LQQLV¶VJURZLQJVNLOODVDZULWHULVDSSDUHQWIURPWKHVWULNLQJSKUDVHVKHHPSOR\HGLQ UHDOL]LQJ WKHP¶ 7KLV XQLYHUVDOO\ IHOW DVSLUDWLRQ FDQ EH LPSHGHG QRW RQO\ E\ H[WHUQDO µ5HOLJLRQLQ3ROLWLFV¶µ,WKLQNSROLWLFVLVEHWWHUZLWKRXWWKHSDVVLRQRIUHOLJLRXVGLVSXWH¶RU REVWDFOHV ie WKH ODFN RI QHHGHG QHJDWLYH IUHHGRP EXW DOVR E\ LQWHUQDO FRQVWUDLQWV IRUFHV PRUHVWULNLQJVWLOOµ$VFKLOGUHQRIWKH7ZHQWLHWK&HQWXU\ZHIHDUWKHFRQMXQFWLRQRISRZHU ZKLFK ZRUN ZLWKLQ LQGLYLGXDOV VXFK DV µLUUDWLRQDO LPSXOVH XQFRQWUROOHG GHVLUHV >RQH¶V@ DQGPRUDOFHUWLWXGH¶3HUKDSVPRUHLPSRUWDQWO\WKHHVVD\DOVRVKRZVWKDWE\$SULOWKH ³ORZHU´QDWXUHWKHSXUVXLWRILPPHGLDWHSOHDVXUHV>RQH¶V@³HPSLULFDO´RU³KHWHURQRPRXV´ SKLORVRSKLFDODQGUHOLJLRXVRXWORRNZLWKZKLFK)LQQLVKDGDUULYHGDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ZDVVWLOO VHOIVZHSWE\HYHU\JXVWRIGHVLUHDQGSDVVLRQ¶ $VLPSOHH[DPSOHPLJKWEHDVPRNHU LQWDFW ZKRLVWU\LQJWRTXLWEXWWKHDGGLFWLRQDQLQWHUQDOUDWKHUWKDQDQH[WHUQDOFRQVWUDLQWLVKDUGWR 'Isaiah Berlin’s ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ (1960) RYHUFRPH6XFFHVVPHDQVUHJDLQLQJRQH¶VSRVLWLYHIUHHGRPRQHFDQDJDLQEHRQH¶VVHOIµDW LWVEHVW¶ µ(GXFDWLRQDQG)UHHGRP¶ %HUOLQ HQFRXUDJHV LQGLYLGXDOV DQG JURXSV WR VHHN WR DFKLHYH SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP LI ,Q ,VDLDK %HUOLQ KDYLQJ EHHQ DSSRLQWHG &KLFKHOH 3URIHVVRU RI 6RFLDO DQG 3ROLWLFDO QHFHVVDU\DWWKHH[SHQVHRILWVQHJDWLYHFRXQWHUSDUW 7KHRU\ LQ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 2[IRUG GHOLYHUHG KLV LQDXJXUDO OHFWXUH µ7ZR &RQFHSWV RI /LEHUW\¶ 7KH &ODUHQGRQ 3UHVV SXEOLVKHG LW DV D ERRNOHW RI SDJHV ,W LQWURGXFHV WZR ,QGHHG,KDYHWULHGWRVKRZWKDWLWLVWKHQRWLRQRIIUHHGRPLQLWV³SRVLWLYH´VHQVH IRUPVRIOLEHUW\RUIUHHGRPZKLFKKHGHVLJQDWHVµQHJDWLYH¶DQGµSRVLWLYH¶%HUOLQ¶VDFFRXQW WKDWLVDWWKHKHDUWRIWKHGHPDQGVIRUQDWLRQDORUVRFLDOVHOIGLUHFWLRQZKLFKDQLPDWH SDUWLFXODUO\ WKDW RI SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP LV GLIILFXOW WR UHDG LW FRXOG KDYH EHHQ PRUH WKHPRVWSRZHUIXODQGPRUDOO\MXVWSXEOLFPRYHPHQWVRIRXUWLPHDQGWKDWQRWWR UHFRJQLVHWKLVLVWRPLVXQGHUVWDQGWKHPRVWYLWDOIDFWVDQGLGHDVRIRXUDJH V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ FRQVWUXFWHG DQG SHUKDSV WKH YHU\ SKUDVH µSRVLWLYH OLEHUW\¶ LQYLWHV PLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJ 1HYHUWKHOHVV WKH GLVWLQFWLRQ LV SURIRXQGO\ VLJQLILFDQW DQG QRW ,QHGXFDWLRQSDUWLFXODUO\WKHQHJDWLYHIUHHGRPRIFKLOGUHQQHHGVWREHUHVWULFWHGLQRUGHUWR VXUSULVLQJO\ KDV EHFRPH HVWDEOLVKHG DV DQ LPSRUWDQW FRQFHSWXDO WRRO LQ WKH ILHOGV RI HQKDQFH WKHLU VHOIPDVWHU\ $ VFKRROER\ ZLOO IHHO WKDW VRPH H[WHUQDO DXWKRULW\ VHHNV WR SKLORVRSK\DQGSROLWLFDOWKHRU\ LPSRVH RQ KLP PDWKHPDWLFDO WKHRULHV µDV REVWDFOHV WR WKH IUHH IXQFWLRQLQJ RI >WKH@ PLQG¶ +RZHYHURQFHDEVRUEHGDQGXQGHUVWRRGPDWKHPDWLFDOWKHRUHPVEHFRPHµVRPHWKLQJZKLFK, QRZIUHHO\ZLOOLQWKHFRXUVHRIWKHQDWXUDOIXQFWLRQLQJRIP\RZQUDWLRQDODFWLYLW\¶ 7KH >@AUM± %HUOLQLibertyDERYHQ %HUOLQWUHDWVµIUHHGRP¶DVV\QRQ\PRXVZLWKµOLEHUW\¶ 7KHPHDQLQJRIµKHWHURQRPRXV¶ZKLFK%HUOLQLQWHQGHGLVOLNHO\WRKDYHEHHQWKHRQHJLYHQE\2[IRUG &RQFHUQLQJWKHHQGXULQJFKDUDFWHURI%HUOLQ¶VGLVWLQFWLRQVHHWKHHQWU\LQWKHStanford Encyclopedia of 'LFWLRQDULHVDVIROORZVµDFWLQJLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKRQH¶VGHVLUHVUDWKHUWKDQUHDVRQRUPRUDOGXW\¶± Philosophy± KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGXHQWULHVOLEHUW\SRVLWLYHQHJDWLYH! KWWSZZZR[IRUGGLFWLRQDULHVFRPGHILQLWLRQHQJOLVKKHWHURQRPRXV! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

WHDFKLQJ RI PXVLF LV DQRWKHU RI %HUOLQ¶V H[DPSOHV 2QFH D FRPSRVHU¶V VFRUH KDV EHHQ DGPLUHG%HUOLQDGPLUHGWKHJUHDWSKLORVRSKHUVDQGUHOLJLRXVOHDGHUVZKRKDYHVKDSHGRXU DEVRUEHG µWKHSOD\LQJRI WKH PXVLFLV QRWREHGLHQFH WRH[WHUQDOODZVD FRPSXOVLRQ DQG D ZRUOGVLQFHDQFLHQWWLPHVEXWKLVKHDUWZDVZLWKWKHURPDQWLFPRYHPHQWRIWKHODVWWZRWR EDUULHUWROLEHUW\EXWDIUHHXQLPSHGHGH[HUFLVHE\XQGHUVWDQGLQJ>WKHVFRUHRQH@KDV WKUHH KXQGUHG \HDUV ZKLFK KDV JLYHQ XV D QHZ PHVVDJH RI WROHUDQFH P\ SKLORVRSK\ RU FKDQJHGLWIURPDQLPSHGLPHQWWRIUHHDFWLYLW\LQWRDQHOHPHQWLQWKDWDFWLYLW\LWVHOI¶ LQGHHG P\ UHOLJLRQ LV YHU\ GLIIHUHQW IURP \RXUV EXW , DP QRW\RXU HQHP\ , UHVSHFW DQG ,WLVHDV\WRPLVXQGHUVWDQG%HUOLQ¶VDFFRXQWRISRVLWLYHIUHHGRPIRUKHIRFXVHVQRWVR DGPLUHWKHVLQFHULW\DQGWKHGHSWKRIFRQYLFWLRQZLWKZKLFK\RXKROG\RXUYLHZV PXFKRQWKHGHVLUHIRUVHOILPSURYHPHQWLQLWVDXWRQRPRXVIRUPEXWRQLWVDEXVHE\RWKHUV %HUOLQGHYRWHV PRVWRI KLV LQDXJXUDOOHFWXUH WR DQDQDO\VLV RIWKHDEXVH RI SRVLWLYH ,WLVLPSOLFLWLQ%HUOLQ¶VOHFWXUHWKDWWZRW\SHVRISRVLWLYHIUHHGRPPXVWEHGLVWLQJXLVKHGWKH IUHHGRP,VWKHUHDPRUHLPSRUWDQWSUREOHPLQSROLWLFDOWKHRU\"'RHVLWQRWKHOSH[SODLQWKH JHQXLQHW\SH DVMXVWH[SODLQHG DQGWKHFRXQWHUIHLWYDULDQWZKLFKUHVXOWVZKHQRQHSHUVRQ SROLWLFDOGLVDVWHUVRIWKHWKFHQWXU\DQGLQGHHGVRPHRIWKHOXUNLQJSRWHQWLDOGLVDVWHUVRI DEXVHV IRU XOWHULRU SXUSRVHV WKH GHVLUH IRU VHOILPSURYHPHQW ZKLFK DQRWKHU IHHOV 0DQ\ D WKHVW" GHPDJRJXHKDVJDLQHGLQIOXHQFHDQGSHUVRQDOSRZHUE\SHUVXDGLQJZHDNPLQGHGSRWHQWLDO Laurie Neal on freedom in education IROORZHUVWKDWWKHLUIDLOXUHWRHPEUDFHKLVLGHRORJ\LVDSHUVRQDOZHDNQHVVDQGWKDWµIROORZ +DYLQJ UHDG %HUOLQ¶V OHFWXUHLQ LWV SXEOLVKHG IRUP 3URIHVVRU1HDO SXEOLVKHG µ(GXFDWLRQ WKHOHDGHU¶LV WKH ZD\ RI HVFDSLQJ IURP LW DQG RI DFKLHYLQJ VHOILPSURYHPHQW DQG SRVLWLYH DQG)UHHGRP¶LQWKHHGLWLRQRIAUM)LQQLVZURWHDFULWLFDOUHSO\EHDULQJWKHVDPH IUHHGRP 7KDW LV WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK µXQVFUXSXORXV PHQ WKURZ GXVW LQ WKH H\HV RI WLWOHZKLFKZDVSXEOLVKHGZLWK1HDO¶VDUWLFOH LQQRFHQW PHQLQRUGHUWRDFTXLUHSRZHURYHUWKHP¶ /DXULH)UHGHULFN1HDO3URIHVVRURI 1HDO KDG FRQFOXGHG WKDW %HUOLQ¶V WZR IUHHGRPV KDG VLJQLILFDQW DQG XVHIXO (GXFDWLRQLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\IURPXQWLO KDVFDSWXUHGWKHHVVHQFHRIWKLVNLQGRI LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU HGXFDWLRQ +H UHFRJQLVHG WKDW VRPH FRQVWUDLQWV RQ SHUVRQDO IUHHGRP DUH µIUHHGRP¶ZHOO µ7RLGHQWLI\RQHVHOIZLWKWKHVHDWRISRZHUWRVKDUHLQLWDQGZRUVWRIDOO XQDYRLGDEOH EXW WKH\ VKRXOG EH µLGHDOO\ PLQLPDO¶ F +H FODLPHG WKDW %HUOLQ¶V SHUKDSVWREHDEVRUEHGVORZO\DQGLPSHUFHSWLEO\LQWRLW,DPIUHHWRGRZKDWP\PDVWHUVDQG QHJDWLYH IUHHGRP PHDQW µWKH SUHVHUYDWLRQ IRU WKH LQGLYLGXDO RIWKHODUJHVW SRVVLEOHDUHD RI ,DJUHH,PD\GR7KHUHLVQRGLVDJUHHPHQWEHWZHHQWKRVHZKRKDYHSRZHURYHUPHDQGP\ SHUVRQDOIUHHGRPIURPLQWHUIHUHQFHIURPRWKHUVZKHWKHUWKRVHRWKHUVEHSRZHUVSDUWLHVRU OHJLWLPDWHULJKWVDVDPDQ¶7KHGHOXGHGYLFWLPVZLOOKDYHVXUUHQGHUHGHLWKHUYROXQWDULO\RU SHUVRQV SROLWLFLDQV SULHVWV RU SHGDJRJXHV¶ F 7KLV LV KDUGO\ WKH VDPH DV %HUOLQ¶V E\FRPSXOVLRQ %HUOLQ¶VµPLQLPXP DUHD RISHUVRQDO IUHHGRP¶ ZLWKRXW ZKLFK DZRUWKZKLOH µFHUWDLQ PLQLPXP DUHD RI SHUVRQDO IUHHGRP¶ ,I 1HDO¶V FRQFHSW RI QHJDWLYH IUHHGRP LV D OLIHLVQRORQJHUSRVVLEOH GLVWRUWLRQ %HUOLQ¶V SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP VHHPV WR KDYH HVFDSHG KLP DOPRVW FRPSOHWHO\ +LV 'DQJHUVWRIUHHGRPDULVHQRWRQO\IURPGHPDJRJXHVEXWDOVRIURPSKLORVRSKHUVRU DUWLFOHZDVFRQFHUQHGZLWK HGXFDWLRQVRKHVKRXOGKDYH WDNHQQRWH RI%HUOLQ¶V VXJJHVWLRQ UHOLJLRXVOHDGHUVZKRVHDUFKIRUDQGFODLPWRKDYHIRXQGWKH+RO\*UDLOWRSHUVRQDODQGRU WKDWSHGDJRJXHVWRXVHRQHRI1HDO¶VWHUPVDUHFDOOHGXSRQWRUHVWULFWWKHQHJDWLYHIUHHGRP FROOHFWLYH KDSSLQHVV 6XFK D FODLP WXUQV WRR HDVLO\ LQWR DQ LGHRORJ\ ZKLFK LV DJJUHVVLYHO\ RI WKHLU SXSLOV LQ WKH LQWHUHVW RI EURDGHQLQJ WKHLU SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP +DG KH GRQH VR KH KRVWLOH WR FRPSHWLQJ DOWHUQDWLYHV )DVFLVP DQG FRPPXQLVP VKRZ WKDW WKHUH LV QR FOHDU PLJKWKDYHUHDOLVHGWKDWKHZDVPLVWDNHQZKHQKHHTXDWHG%HUOLQ¶VSRVLWLYHIUHHGRPZLWKWKH GLYLGLQJOLQHEHWZHHQVXFKVLWXDWLRQVDQGVKHHUGHPDJRJXHU\%HUOLQLVVXVSLFLRXVRIDOOVXFK WRWDO DEVHQFH RI QHJDWLYH IUHHGRP 7R VXSSRUW WKLV VLPSOLVWLF QRWLRQ 1HDO TXRWHG RQH RI FODLPV+HVHHVPDQDVµDVHOIWUDQVIRUPLQJFUHDWXUHZKRVHHDFKQH[WDJHLVWKHUHVXOWRIWKH %HUOLQ¶VSDVVDJHVRXWRIFRQWH[WQRWUHDOLVLQJWKDWLWZDVQRWLQWHQGHGWRGHILQHWKHZKROH VDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHQHHGVRIWKHSUHYLRXVRQHV¶DQGWKXVUHMHFWVDVDQµDEVXUGLW\¶WKHYLHZRI RI SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP EXW RQO\ WKH SRVVLEOH HQG SURGXFW RI WKH DEXVH E\ GHPDJRJXHV RI WKH WKHVHYHQWHHQWKFHQWXU\QDWXUDOODZ\HUVDQGRIWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKWKDWµWKHUHLVVXFKDWKLQJ GHVLUHWRDFKLHYHLW$OWKRXJK1HDOPHQWLRQVSRVLWLYHIUHHGRPDIHZWLPHVLQKLVDUWLFOHLWLV DVQDWXUDOODZHQJUDYHGXSRQWKHKHDUWVRIPHQ¶ 3HUKDSVQHZIRUPXODVPXVWEHIRXQGIRU QRWVXUSULVLQJWKDWLWDGGVQRWKLQJXVHIXOWRKLVDQDO\VLV HDFKQHZDJHDOWKRXJKDOOKRQHVWDQGVLQFHUHDWWHPSWVDWILQGLQJWKH+RO\*UDLOGHVHUYHWREH $GROSK+LWOHUGHPDQGHGWKDWD*HUPDQ\RXQJVWHUVKRXOGEHFRPHµIDVWDVDJUH\KRXQGWRXJKOLNH %HUOLQRootsDERYHQ OHDWKHUDQGKDUGOLNHVWHHOPDGHE\.UXSS¶ Flink wie Windhunde, zäh wie Leder und hart wie µ$Q\RQHZKRLVVXIILFLHQWO\DPDQRILQWHJULW\DQ\RQHZKRLVSUHSDUHGWRVDFULILFHKLPVHOIXSRQDQ\ Kruppstahl DOWDUQRPDWWHUZKDWKDVDPRUDOSHUVRQDOLW\ZKLFKLVZRUWK\RIUHVSHFWQRPDWWHUKRZGHWHVWDEOHRU %HUOLQ,VDLDKµ9LFR9ROWDLUHDQGWKH%HJLQQLQJVRI&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\¶± KRZIDOVHWKHLGHDOVWRZKLFKKHERZVKLVNQHH¶±%HUOLQRootsDERYHQ KWWSVZZZJRRJOHFRPDXT YLFR&YROWDLUHDQGWKHEHJLQQLQJVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\! IXOO /FNH+RUVW5HYLHZRI,DQ:DUG¶VJustice, Humanity and the New World Order $VKJDWH$OGHUVKRW WH[W HWF Adelaide Law Review± 3URIHVVRU1HDOFHOHEUDWHGKLVWKELUWKGD\LQVHH 7KH%6/KDGDFTXLUHGDFRS\LQ-XQH KWWSEORJVDGHODLGHHGXDXDOXPQLHPHULWXVSURIHVVRUODXULHIUHGHULFNQHDOFHOHEUDWHV >@AUM± WKELUWKGD\! >@AUM± µ(GXFDWLRQDQG)UHHGRP¶>@AUM± 3DJHDQGFROXPQQXPEHUVLQERWK1HDO¶VDQG)LQQLV¶VAUMDUWLFOHVZLOOEHVLJQLILHGLQWKLVZD\ 'XULQJWKH1D]LSHULRG*HUPDQ\RXWKJURXSVXVHGWRPDUFKDERXWWKHFRXQWU\VLQJLQJµ2XUOLIHLV 1HDO¶VVHQWHQFHµ$Q\IRUPRIHGXFDWLRQLVDYLRODWLRQRILQGLYLGXDOOLEHUW\ F ¶UHFRJQLVHVDOEHLW GHYRWHGWRIUHHGRP¶ LQXQGXO\GUDPDWLFIRUPRQO\WKHILUVWSDUWRI%HUOLQ¶VFRPPHQWRQHFDQQRWLJQRUHWKHVHFRQGSDUW µ)UHHGRPLVWKHILUH ZKLFKLVDQLQGLVSHQVDEOHSDUWRILW )UHHGRPLVWKHEULJKWOLJKW µ7RWKUHDWHQDPDQZLWKSHUVHFXWLRQXQOHVVKHVXEPLWVWRDOLIHLQZKLFKKHH[HUFLVHVQRFKRLFHVRIKLV $VORQJDVLWEXUQV JRDOVWREORFNEHIRUHKLPHYHU\GRRUEXWRQHQRPDWWHUKRZQREOHWKHSURVSHFWXSRQZKLFKLWRSHQV 7KHZRUOGLVODUJHDQGZLGH¶±VHH KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y LQFQ0L0N! RUKRZEHQHYROHQWWKHPRWLYHVRIWKRVHZKRDUUDQJHWKLVLVWRVLQDJDLQVWWKHWUXWKWKDWKHLVDPDQD %HUOLQ9LFRDERYHQ EHLQJZLWKDOLIHRIKLVRZQWROLYH F ¶7KHSDVVDJHLVWDNHQIURP%HUOLQLibertyDERYHQ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

1HDOWKHQZHQWRQDVSUHHRIKLVRZQE\WUDQVIHUULQJZKDWKHZURQJO\FRQVLGHUHGWR 7KHW\SHRIHGXFDWLRQRIIHUHGE\6RXWK$XVWUDOLDQSULYDWHVFKRROVSUHVHQWHG)LQQLVZLWK EH %HUOLQ¶V QHJDWLYH IUHHGRP IURP LQGLYLGXDOV WR HGXFDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV 1RW RQO\ WKH KLVVHFRQGSHUKDSVOHVVVWULNLQJH[DPSOHµPXFKRIWKHSUHVHQWIUHHGRPRIWKHXQLYHUVLWLHVLV LQGLYLGXDOEXWDOVRDXQLYHUVLW\VKRXOGIDFHRQO\µPLQLPDOFRQVWUDLQWV¶VRDVWRHQVXUHWKDWLWLV ZDVWHGRQVWXGHQWVZKRVHPLQGVDUHQRORQJHUIUHHEXWDUHHQFKDLQHGLQWKHSUHMXGLFHVRI DQGUHPDLQVIUHHµWRDGPLW ZKRPLWZLOOWRWHDFKZKDWLWZLOOWRDZDUGZKDWGHJUHHVDQG WKHLU HDUO\ WXWRUV WKH SHRSOH ZKR UXQ VFKRROV IRU WKH RSHQ DQG DYRZHG SXUSRVH RI GLSORPDVLWFKRRVHV²WKHXQLYHUVLW\LVLQYLRODEOHIURPDQ\IRUPRIH[WHUQDOFRQWURO¶ F SURSDJDWLQJFHUWDLQUHOLJLRXVDQGVRFLDOGRFWULQHV F ¶7KHWHDFKHUVDQGVWXGHQWVLQVWDWH 7KLVVR1HDOWKRXJKWLVWKH(QJOLVKPRGHOIRUWKHUHµ>H@YHU\HIIRUWLVPDGHWRSUHVHUYHIRU VFKRROV VR KH WKRXJKW KDG PRUH IUHHGRP WKDQ WKRVH LQ YDULRXV FKXUFK VFKRROV ZKRVH WKHXQLYHUVLWLHVWKHJUHDWHVWGHJUHHRI³QHJDWLYH´IUHHGRPIUHHGRPIURPLQWHUIHUHQFHIURP DYRZHG PLVVLRQ LV WR SURSDJDWH FHUWDLQ UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDO GRFWULQHV WKXV OLPLWLQJ WKH ZLWKRXWWKDWLVFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHXOWLPDWHVRYHUHLJQW\RIWKH&URZQLQSDUOLDPHQW¶ F LQWHOOHFWXDOIUHHGRPRIWKHLUSXSLOV7KHVHFRPPHQWVVKRZWKDWLQ)LQQLVFRQWLQXHGWR 1RWFRQWHQWZLWKKDYLQJVDYHGXQLYHUVLWLHVIURPWKHFOXWFKHVRIJRYHUQPHQWKHWKHQWULHGWR DGKHUHWRWKHSKLORVRSKLFDOFRQYLFWLRQVZLWKZKLFKKHKDGHQWHUHGWKH8QLYHUVLW\ GRWKHVDPHIRUVFKRROVDQGVFKRROWHDFKHUVDJDLQKROGLQJXS(QJODQGDVWKHWRUFKEHDUHURI 1HDO¶VDWWHPSWWRJDLQDVPXFKIUHHGRPDVSRVVLEOHIURPJRYHUQPHQWLQWHUIHUHQFHLQ IUHHGRP µLQ(QJODQG WKH FXUULFXOXP V\OODEXVHV DQG WHDFKLQJ PHWKRGV RI HDFK VFKRRO DUH WKH DIIDLUV RI VFKRROV DQG XQLYHUVLWLHV UHVWHG RQ D WZRIROG IRXQGDWLRQ WKH LQGLYLGXDO PDWWHUVIRUWKHVFKRROLWVHOIWRGHWHUPLQH F ¶1RQHRI1HDO¶VFRQFOXVLRQVGHULYHVWKH VKRXOGEHJUDQWHGPD[LPXPIUHHGRPDQGVKRXOGIDFHPLQLPDOUHVWUDLQW SULQFLSOHVIRUZKLFK VOLJKWHVWVXSSRUWIURP%HUOLQ¶VOHFWXUH)LQQLV¶VUHVSRQVHPLJKWKHOSGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKH\ KH KDG ZURQJO\ FODLPHG %HUOLQ¶V VXSSRUW DQG WKH VDPH IRUPXOD VKRXOG EH DSSOLHG WR DUHQHYHUWKHOHVVPHULWRULRXV VFKRROVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHV Finnis on Berlin and Neal )LQQLV UHMHFWHG ERWK WKHVH SURSRVLWLRQV$ FDOO IRU PLQLPDO UHVWUDLQW VR KH WKRXJKW 2QH-XQRVXJJHVWHGLQKLVEULHIUHYLHZRIWKHLVVXHRIAUMWKDW)LQQLV¶VFRQWULEXWLRQ ZRXOGOHDGSROLF\PDNHUVWRµGLUHFWWKHLUPLQGVVROHO\WRWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRIOLEHUW\¶/LYLQJLQ ZDVEHWWHUWKDQWKHRWKHUQLQH ZKLFKLQFOXGHGVHYHQZULWWHQE\PHPEHUVRIWKHDFDGHPLF VRFLHW\ KROGV PDQ\ EHQHILWV EXW LW DOVR UHTXLUHV PDQ\ UHVWUDLQWV RQ SHUVRQDO IUHHGRP µ,Q FRQVLGHULQJDQ\PRUDOTXHVWLRQRQO\DSKLORVRSKLFDODQDUFKLVWRUDKHUPLWFDQWKLQNVROHO\LQ VWDII 2QH PLJKW DJUHH ZLWK WKLV DVVHVVPHQW KDG )LQQLV QRW FDOOHG %HUOLQ¶V DQDO\VLV RI WHUPVRIIUHHGRP¶,QVWHDGRIVHHNLQJWRPD[LPL]HIUHHGRPSROLF\PDNHUVVKRXOGDVNµ:KDW OLEHUW\ µZRUWKOHVV¶ F DQG WKH WZR FRQFHSWV RI IUHHGRP µLOOGHILQHG DQG HVVHQWLDOO\ LVWKHdesirableDUHDRISHUVRQDOIUHHGRPIURPWKHFRQVWUDLQWVRIVRFLHW\VLQFHWKHODUJHVW ILFWLWLRXV WRROV RI WKRXJKW¶ F 7R )LQQLV WKHUH ZDV RQO\ RQH XQGLYLGHG FRQFHSW RI possibleSHUVRQDOIUHHGRPFDQEHDWWDLQHGRQO\RXWVLGHVRFLHW\ F ¶$PRUHV\PSDWKHWLF IUHHGRP µ)UHHGRP LV DEVHQFH RI UHVWUDLQW F ¶,V LW SRVVLEOHWKDW )LQQLV KDG QRW UHDG LQWHUSUHWDWLRQRI1HDO¶VILUVWSURSRVLWLRQZRXOGKDYHWDNHQLWWREHLQWHQGHGDVDSUHVXPSWLRQ %HUOLQ¶VOHFWXUHDQGKDGUHOLHGLQVWHDGRQWKH IXQGDPHQWDOO\PLVWDNHQ DFFRXQWRILWZKLFK WR EH DSSOLHG RQO\ ZKHQ RWKHU DUJXPHQWV IRU DQG DJDLQVW WKH LPSRVLWLRQ RI D SDUWLFXODU 1HDOKDGJLYHQ"+DGKHFRQFOXGHGXQFKDUDFWHULVWLFDOO\IURP1HDO¶VSURIHVVRULDOVWDWXVWKDW UHVWUDLQWKDSSHQWREHRIHTXDOZHLJKW KLVDFFRXQWFRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQPLVOHDGLQJ" )LQQLV¶VPRUHFRQYLQFLQJDWWDFNRQ1HDOEHJLQVZLWKDQDIILUPDWLRQRIZKDWKHVDZDV 7KHUH LV QR P\VWHU\ DERXW WKH GHVLUH IRU VHOILPSURYHPHQW %HUOLQ¶V URDGPDS WR DIXQGDPHQWDOSULQFLSOH+XPDQKDSSLQHVVVR)LQQLVWKRXJKWLVQRWDQµRSLDWHHXSKRULD¶LWLV SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP )HZ LI DQ\ KDYH IDLOHG WR H[SHULHQFH LW LQ RQH IRUP RU DQRWKHU )LQQLV DFKLHYDEOHRQO\µWKURXJKWKHKLJKHVWDQGPRVWKDUPRQLRXVGHYHORSPHQWRIDPDQ¶VSRZHUVWR KLPVHOIKDGTXRWHGDOEHLWVDWLULFDOO\WKH$XVWUDODVLDQ7HPSHUDQFH6RFLHW\¶VFKDUDFWHULVDWLRQ D FRPSOHWH DQG FRQVLVWHQW ZKROH¶ 2Q WKLV EDVLV KH DIILUPHG KLV XWLOLWDULDQ IRUPXOD µWKH RI DQ DOFRKROLF DIWHU FRQTXHULQJ DQ DGGLFWLRQ µ1R ORQJHU D VODYH XQGHUWKH EOHVVLQJ RI JUHDWHVWKDSSLQHVVRIWKHJUHDWHVWQXPEHU¶±VHHDERYHDWQ $VDILUVWSULQFLSOHWKLVLV *RG \RX DUH QRZ PDVWHU RI \RXUVHOI¶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µFDQVDIHO\OHDYHHDFK LPSHULDOLVWV DQG PRQDUFKLVWV DQG ZKR LJQRUHG WKH LQMXQFWLRQ LQ$UWLFOH RI WKH:HLPDU LQGLYLGXDOWRWKHVHOIGLUHFWLQJSRZHURIKLVRZQSHUVRQDOLW\¶ F +HFDQKDUGO\KDYH &RQVWLWXWLRQ WKDW LQVWUXFWLRQ LQ VFKRROV KDG WR EH JLYHQ LQ WKH VSLULW RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO LQWHQGHGWKLVWREHDSSOLHGZLWKRXWTXDOLILFDWLRQWRHGXFDWLRQIRUKHGHVFULEHGFRPSXOVRU\ UHFRQFLOLDWLRQ 7KH 5HSXEOLFDQ *RYHUQPHQW VR KH WKRXJKW IDLOHG WR HQIRUFH WKH HGXFDWLRQDVRIµUHDODQGSRWHQWLDOEHQHILWWRPRGHUQPHQ¶ F FRQVWLWXWLRQDOLQMXQFWLRQWKXVWROHUDWLQJWKHNLQGRILQGRFWULQDWLRQZKLFKKDGHQDEOHG$GROI ,Q IDFW IUHHGRP WR )LQQLV LV QRW D ILUVW SULQFLSOH EXW RQO\ µD PHDQV WR VRPH PRUH +LWOHUWRWXUQWKH\RXWKRI*HUPDQ\LQWRµDJHQHUDWLRQRIVODYHV¶ F 7KHVWRU\DVWROGE\ EDVLFDOO\GHVLUDEOHHQGV¶7KHPRVWEDVLFRIWKHVHHQGVLVKXPDQKDSSLQHVVDVKHKDGGHILQHG )LQQLV PD\ EH DQ RYHUVLPSOLILFDWLRQ EXW LI WKDW LV RYHUORRNHG D PRUH ILWWLQJ H[DPSOH RI LWDQGIUHHGRPLVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHWKDWHQG)LQQLVFRXOGQRWKDYHVSHOWRXWWKLVYLHZRI %HUOLQ¶VSRVLWLYHIUHHGRPRUUDWKHURILWVDEXVHZRXOGEHKDUGWRILQG+DG)LQQLVKDGWKH IUHHGRPPRUHFOHDUO\ FDQGF EHQHILW RI %HUOLQ¶V GHWDLOHG DQDO\VLV KH FRXOG KDUGO\ KDYH GHQLHG WKDW SRVLWLYH IUHHGRP GHVHUYHGWKHLQGHSHQGHQWVWDWXVZKLFK%HUOLQKDGJLYHQLW LWLVSRVVLEOHWRVD\DOLWWOHPRUHDERXWWKHEHOLHI²ZKLFKGLVWLQJXLVKHVOLEHUDOVIURP RWKHUSHUVRQV²WKDWDPDQ¶VSHUVRQDOLW\LVEHVWOHIWWREHGHYHORSHGE\LWVHOI7KLVLV 2FWREHU On Dit QRWVRPXFKDPDWWHURIHQGVDVRIPHDQVDQGVRLVVXEMHFWWRSUDJPDWLFGLVFXVVLRQ )LQQLVDQG&RRSHUµ6PRNLQJ7KHP2XW¶>@AUM± 6XFKGLVFXVVLRQLVKRZHYHUVHYHUHO\OLPLWHGE\WKHXQGHYHORSHGVWDWHRIWKHVRFLDO The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VFLHQFHV WKH IDFW LV WKDW ZH VWLOO GR QRW KDYH DQ\ YHU\ FOHDU LGHDV DERXW ZKDW F "¶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¶VUHMHFWLRQRI,VDLDK%HUOLQ¶VDQDO\VLVRI 7KLVKHWKRXJKWZDV0LOO¶VGRFWULQHRIOLEHUW\DQGWKHHVVHQFHRIOLEHUDOLVPDVDSROLWLFDO WKHFRQFHSWRIOLEHUW\EXW,ILQGKLVGHPROLWLRQRI1HDO¶VDUJXPHQWVZHOOIRXQGHG FUHHG ,,,&+5,67,$1(7+,&6± )LQQLV¶VGRZQJUDGLQJRIIUHHGRPLQWRDPHDQVWRDQHQGLPSOLHVWKDWLIDZD\FRXOG 7KHWZRHVVD\VLQWKLVJURXSVKRZFOHDUO\WKDW)LQQLVKDGDEDQGRQHGKLVIRUPHUHPSLULFLVW EHIRXQGZKLFKSURPRWHVKXPDQKDSSLQHVVPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\WKDQIUHHGRPGRHVLWVKRXOGEH ZRUOGYLHZDQGKDGHPEUDFHGWKH&DWKROLFUHOLJLRQ:KLOHWKHILUVWRIWKHVHVHHPVSULPDULO\ JLYHQ SUHFHGHQFH %HUOLQ ZRXOG QRW KDYH DFFHSWHG WKDW IRU ZLWKLQ KLV V\VWHP RI YDOXH EDVHG RQ DFDGHPLF FRQVLGHUDWLRQV LW QHYHUWKHOHVV VKRZV KLV JURZLQJ IDPLOLDULW\ ZLWK DQG SOXUDOLVPKLVµPLQLPXPDUHDRISHUVRQDOIUHHGRP¶FRPHVDVFORVHDVDQ\WKLQJWRDQDEVROXWH FRPPLWPHQWWR&DWKROLFGRFWULQH7KHVHFRQGHVVD\LVHYHQPRUHFOHDUO\EDVHGRQKLVQHZ YDOXH,IVRPHIUHHGRPLVOHIWWKHLQGLYLGXDOLVDEOHWRTXHVWLRQWKHDFFHSWHGZLVGRPRIWKH IRXQG IDLWK DV LV DSSDUHQW IURP WKH UHDVRQV KH JDYH IRU KLV VXSSRUW IRU WKH DLPV RI WKH WLPH LQFOXGLQJ RQH¶V RZQ FRQYLFWLRQV WKDW LV WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK KXPDQLW\ SURJUHVVHV DQG &DPSDLJQIRU1XFOHDU'LVDUPDPHQW7KHILQDOSDVVDJHUHDGV VKHGVVWDOHVXSHUVWLWLRQV%HUOLQZRXOGDOVRKDYHEHHQFULWLFDORIUHOLDQFHRQVRFLDOVFLHQFH D &KULVWLDQ ZKR KDV VHHQ WKH LVVXHV DQG ZKR KDV GHFLGHG WKDW WKH RQO\ SRVVLEOH DQGWKHDLPRIVRFLHW\DVVHHQE\)LQQLVIRUKHVDZWKHSRWHQWLDOIRURSSUHVVLRQ FRQVFLHQWLRXV FRXUVH RSHQ WR KLP LV WR JLYH XS QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV HYHQ LI WKLV LV ,ILWPDNHVVHQVHWRVSHDNRISROLWLFDOWUXWKV²DVDVVHUWLQJRIVRFLDOHQGVZKLFKDOO IROORZHGE\WKHZRUOGO\WULXPSKRIZLFNHGPHQDQGWKHVXEYHUVLRQRIMXVWLFHE\D PHQEHFDXVHWKH\DUHPHQPXVWRQFHWKH\DUHGLVFRYHUHGDJUHHWREHVXFKDQGLI *RGOHVVDQGKHDUWOHVVV\VWHP²VXFKD&KULVWLDQ,VKRXOGVD\FDQDWOHDVWEHVXUHRI DV&RPWHEHOLHYHGVFLHQWLILFPHWKRGZLOOLQGXHFRXUVHUHYHDOWKHPWKHQZKDWFDVH WKLVWKDWWKHXQLYHUVDO&KXUFKRI&KULVWZLOOQHYHUIDLO+HKDVWKHDVVXUDQFHRI*RG LVWKHUHIRUIUHHGRPRIRSLQLRQRUDFWLRQ²DWOHDVWDVDQHQGLQLWVHOIDQGQRWPHUHO\ +LPVHOIDQGQRWKLQJFDQEHPRUHVXUHWKDQWKDW³/R,DPZLWK\RXDOZD\VHYHQWR DV D VWLPXODWLQJ LQWHOOHFWXDO FOLPDWH HLWKHU IRU LQGLYLGXDOV RU IRU JURXSV" :K\ WKHHQGRIWKHZRUOG´$QGPRUH³:HNQRZWKDWRXU5HGHHPHUOLYHWK´ VKRXOGDQ\FRQGXFWEHWROHUDWHGWKDWLVQRWDXWKRUL]HGE\DSSURSULDWHH[SHUWV"&RPWH $ Attack on ‘pagan secularists’: SXW EOXQWO\ ZKDW KDG EHHQ LPSOLFLW LQ WKH UDWLRQDOLVW WKHRU\ RI SROLWLFV IURP LWV review of Charlie Martin’s µReligious Belief¶ (September 1961) DQFLHQW*UHHNEHJLQQLQJV7KHUHFDQLQSULQFLSOHEHRQO\RQHFRUUHFWZD\RIOLIH µ7KHRORJ\DQG&ULWLFLVP¶ WKHZLVHOHDGLWVSRQWDQHRXVO\WKDWLVZK\WKH\DUHFDOOHGZLVH7KHXQZLVHPXVWEH 7KHSKLORVRSKHU&KDUOLH0DUWLQSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKH)LQQLVVWRU\0\URRPLQWKH GUDJJHGWRZDUGVLWE\DOOWKHVRFLDOPHDQVLQWKHSRZHURIWKHZLVHIRUZK\VKRXOG GHPRQVWUDEOHHUURUEHVXIIHUHGWRVXUYLYHDQGEUHHG"7KHLPPDWXUHDQGXQWXWRUHG 3KLORVRSK\'HSDUWPHQWZDVQH[WWR0DUWLQ¶V+HKDGEHHQDSSRLQWHGWRDOHFWXUHVKLSLQ PXVWEHPDGHWRVD\WRWKHPVHOYHV³2QO\WKHWUXWKOLEHUDWHVDQGWKHRQO\ZD\LQ DQG KDG MXVW EHHQ SURPRWHG WR 5HDGHU ZKHQ , DUULYHG :H ZHUH RQ IULHQGO\ WHUPV DQG ZKLFK,FDQOHDUQWKHWUXWKLVE\GRLQJEOLQGO\WRGD\ZKDW\RXZKRNQRZLWRUGHU UHPDLQHGQHLJKERXUVXQWLOZKHQWKH/DZ 6FKRRO PRYHGLQWRWKH1DSLHU%XLOGLQJ,Q PHRUFRHUFHPHWRGRLQWKHFHUWDLQNQRZOHGJHWKDWRQO\WKXVZLOO,DUULYHDW\RXU 0DUWLQDFFHSWHGDFKDLULQ6\GQH\DQGIURPWKHUHKHPRYHGWRDFKDLULQ&DOJDU\LQ FOHDUYLVLRQDQGEHIUHHOLNH\RX´ ,Q KH UHWLUHG DQG EHFDPH D SURIHVVRU HPHULWXV +H GLHG LQ 2FWREHU ,I WKH ILUVW SDUW RI )LQQLV¶V GHPROLWLRQ RI 1HDO OHIW VRPH LVVXHV XQUHVROYHG KLV PDMRU 3URIHVVRU -RKQ 6QRZGHQ RI 8QLYHUVLW\ &ROOHJH /RQGRQ PRXUQHG LQ DQ RELWXDU\ WKDW µKDSSLQHVV¶ SUHPLVH JXLGHG KLP WR D VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG UHMHFWLRQ RI 1HDO¶V VXJJHVWLRQ WKDW µSKLORVRSK\KDVORVWRQHRILWVPRVWRULJLQDOSURIRXQGDQGLPSRUWDQWWKLQNHUV¶DQGFDOOHGKLP VFKRROV DQG XQLYHUVLWLHV OLNH LQGLYLGXDOV VKRXOG EH JLYHQ PD[LPXP IUHHGRP 0LOO¶V µRQHRIWKHGHHSHVWSKLORVRSKLFDOWKLQNHUVRIKLVWLPH¶ FRQFHSWLRQRIIUHHGRPVR)LQQLVSRLQWHGRXWUHODWHVRQO\WRWKHIUHHGRPRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO 7RFDOO&KDUOLHDOLWWOHHFFHQWULFZRXOGEHQRH[DJJHUDWLRQKHRQFHWROGPHWKDWKH )RU 1HDO WR WU\ WR PDNH LW DSSOLFDEOH WR HGXFDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV E\ DVVHUWLQJ WKDW VXFK KDWHGµWKDWPDQ¶ -DFN6PDUW EHFDXVHKHUHPLQGHGKLPVRPXFKRIKLVRZQIDWKHU,EHOLHYH LQVWLWXWLRQVOLNHDOOFRUSRUDWHERGLHVKDYHDOLIHRIWKHLURZQWROLYHVKRXOGQRWSXWWKHDFWXDO SHUVRQVZKRDUHWKHUHDOLW\EHKLQGWKHVHHQWLWLHVEH\RQGFULWLFDOVFUXWLQ\ 7KHRQHRYHUULGLQJTXHVWLRQIRU)LQQLVZKHQH[DPLQLQJDQ\NLQGRIHGXFDWLRQV\VWHP UHDOLVDWLRQ¶%URZQZDV3URIHVVRURI/DZDQG'HDQRIWKH$GHODLGH/DZ6FKRROIURPWR RU LQVWLWXWLRQ LV µ+RZ GRHV WKLV HGXFDWLRQ DLG WKH VHOIUHDOLVDWLRQ RI WKH LQGLYLGXDO µ7KH,PPRUDOLW\RIWKH'HWHUUHQW¶ >@AUM± 6HSWHPEHU On Dit± %HUOLQLibertyDERYHQ 6QRZGRQ3DXOµ3URIHVVRU&%0DUWLQ3KLORVRSKHU1RWHGIRUWKH'HSWKDQG2ULJLQDOLW\RIKLV ,VDZZLWKVRPHVDWLVIDFWLRQWKDW)LQQLVKDGLQYRNHGWKHDXWKRULW\RI-HWKUR%URZQZKRVHZULWLQJ, 7KLQNLQJ¶The IndependentRI'HFHPEHU6HH UDWKHUOLNHGLQVXSSRUWRIKLVDUJXPHQW F µ7KHUHDOWHVWRIOLEHUW\LVWREHIRXQGOHVVLQWKHIRUP KWWSZZZLQGHSHQGHQWFRXNQHZVRELWXDULHVSURIHVVRUFEPDUWLQSKLORVRSKHUQRWHGIRUWKHGHSWK RIJRYHUQPHQWRULQWKHQXPEHURIODZVWKDQLQWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKWKHFLWL]HQLVDVVXUHGRIVHOI DQGRULJLQDOLW\RIKLVWKLQNLQJKWPO! The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

LWZDVPRUHRIDORYHKDWHUHODWLRQVKLSRIWKHNLQGGHVFULEHGLQKLVILUVWERRN'XULQJKLV QRWNQRZZK\KHZDVDEOHWRWHOOPDOHVIURPIHPDOHV$WDQRWKHUVHPLQDU$QWRQ\)OHZRQH VKRUWYLVLWWR$GHODLGHLQ$SULOKHVWD\HGZLWKXVLQRXUKRXVHLQ0HGLQGLH:HDUUDQJHG RIWKHOHDGHUVRIWKLVPRYHPHQWLQ(QJODQGVXJJHVWHGWKDW7ROVWR\ZDVSUREDEO\LOOZKHQKH DGLQQHUSDUW\IRUKLPWRZKLFKZHLQYLWHGinter aliaKLVIHOORZSKLORVRSKHUV*UDKDP1HUOLFK EHFDPHWRRSUHRFFXSLHGZLWKWKHµPHDQLQJRIOLIH¶)OHZZDVDQDWKHLVWDWWKHWLPHEXWODWHU DQG0DXULFH)LQQLV-RKQ)LQQLV¶VIDWKHUZKRWKHQOLYHGLQ&DQEHUUDEXWKDSSHQHGWREHLQ EHFDPHDEHOLHYHU $GHODLGHGXULQJ&KDUOLH¶VYLVLW ,Q&DPEULGJH0DUWLQFKRVHWKHDQDO\VLVRIUHOLJLRXVODQJXDJHDVKLVILUVWSURMHFW-RKQ ,Q P\ ZLIH DQG , FDXJKW XS ZLWK &KDUOLH DJDLQ LQ &DOJDU\ ZKHUH KH ZDV :LVGRP ZKR ZDV WKHQ SDUWLDO WR WKH QHZ WUHQGV LQ %ULWLVK SKLORVRSK\ EHFDPH 0DUWLQ¶V SURIHVVRURISKLORVRSK\DQGRQHRIWKHOHDGLQJPHPEHUVRIWKHORFDO$OFRKROLF$QRQ\PRXV VXSHUYLVRU0DUWLQDGPLUHGKLPKHUHJDUGHG:LVGRP¶VDUWLFOHµ*RGV¶DVDQDGYDQFHRQWKH +H SURYHG YHU\ KHOSIXO LQ ILQGLQJ VXLWDEOH DFFRPPRGDWLRQ IRU XV 2XU WUDYHO DJHQF\ KDG SKLORVRSK\RI'DYLG+XPH UHFRPPHQGHGDKRWHOZKLFKWXUQHGRXWWREHUHSOHWHZLWKODGLHVRIHDV\YLUWXH ‘Religious Belief’, Charlie Martin’s first book Charlie Martin: personal story; intellectual development DThe lead-up to the book: two articles &KDUOHV%XUWRQ0DUWLQZDVERUQLQ%RVWRQLQ0D\$VD\RXQJVWHUKHSURYHGWREHD ,QZKLOHKHZDVVWLOOLQ&DPEULGJH0DUWLQKDGKLVILUVWVLJQLILFDQWDUWLFOHµ$5HOLJLRXV JRRGVSHDNHUDQGKLVORFDOFKXUFKHPSOR\HGKLPDVDFKLOGSUHDFKHU+HVWXGLHGDW%RVWRQ :D\RI.QRZLQJ¶SXEOLVKHGLQMindRQHRIWKHPRVWSUHVWLJLRXVSKLORVRSKLFDOMRXUQDOV$ 8QLYHUVLW\DQGWKHQEHFDPHDGRFWRUDOVWXGHQWDW(PPDQXHO&ROOHJH&DPEULGJHZKHUHKH EHOLHYHULQWKHH[LVWHQFHRI*RGZRXOGVR0DUWLQVXJJHVWHGMXVWLI\KLVEHOLHIDVIROORZVµ, ORVW KLV &KULVWLDQ IDLWK 0DUWLQ DUULYHG LQ &DPEULGJH DW D WLPH ZKHQ VRPH %ULWLVK KDYH GLUHFW H[SHULHQFH NQRZOHGJH DFTXDLQWDQFH DSSUHKHQVLRQ RI *RG WKHUHIRUH , KDYH SKLORVRSKHUV FRQVLGHUHG WKDW WKH\ ZHUH ILQDOO\ WDNLQJ VHULRXVO\ WKH HPSLULFLVW PHVVDJH viz YDOLGUHDVRQWREHOLHYHWKDW*RGH[LVWV¶7R0DUWLQVXFKDQXWWHUDQFHZDVDnon sequitur$ WKDWKXPDQNQRZOHGJHLVGHULYHGIURPVHQVHEDVHGH[SHULHQFH0HWDSK\VLFVZDVLQFDSDEOH VLPSOLILHG YHUVLRQ RI KLV FRPSOH[ DUJXPHQW PLJKW EH DV IROORZV :KHQ FRQWUDVWHG ZLWK RI \LHOGLQJ JHQXLQH LQVLJKWV $UWLFOHV RI WKH &KULVWLDQ IDLWK ZHUH EHUHIW RI PHDQLQJ IRU KDYLQJ GLUHFW H[SHULHQFH RI D WKLQJ RI WKLV ZRUOG VD\ D EOXH ULEERQ WKHUH LV WKLV YLWDO DWWHPSWV WR HPSOR\ ODQJXDJH GHULYHG IURP KXPDQ H[SHULHQFH WR DVVHUW PDWWHUV QRW RI WKLV GLIIHUHQFHLIGRXEWDULVHVDERXWWKHH[LVWHQFHRIWKHEOXHULEERQZKLFKRQHEHOLHYHVRQHLV ZRUOGZHUHERXQGWRUHVXOWLQYDFXLW\DQGFRQWUDGLFWLRQ7KH\EHOLHYHGWKDWWKHFODULW\RIWKHLU VHHLQJWKHUHDUHµFKHFNLQJSURFHGXUHV¶ZKLFKFDQEHXVHGIRUFRQILUPDWLRQ WRXFKLQJZKDW ZRUNZRXOGILQDOO\UHSODFHFRQIXVLRQP\VWLFLVPDQGVXSHUVWLWLRQiePHWDSK\VLFVDQGDOOWKH RQHWKLQNVRQHLVVHHLQJWDNLQJDSKRWRDVNLQJRWKHUVZKHWKHUWKH\DUHVHHLQJLWWRRetc REVFXUH IDFHWV RI WKH &KULVWLDQ IDLWK 5HPLQLVFLQJ DERXW KLV ILUVW FRQWDFW ZLWK %ULWLVK %HFDXVHRIWKHDEVHQFHRIVXFKSURFHGXUHVWRWKRVHZKREHOLHYHWKH\KDYHVHHQ*RG*RG¶V SKLORVRSK\ 0DUWLQ FDOOHG LW D µZHOO VSHQW¶ WLPH RI µEUDVKQHVV DQG LGROVPDVKLQJ¶ ZKHQ H[LVWHQFHFDQQRWEHFRQILUPHGLQWKHRQO\ZD\DYDLODEOHWRZRUOGO\FUHDWXUHVOLNHXV SKLORVRSKHUVGLVPLVVHGUHOLJLRXVODQJXDJHDVµQRQVHQVH¶DQGDVµPHDQLQJOHVV¶ +\ZHO'DYLG/HZLVDQLPSRUWDQWDXWKRULW\RQWKHSKLORVRSK\RIUHOLJLRQZDVWKH $OO WKLV ZHQW KDQGLQKDQG ZLWK D JURZLQJ SUHRFFXSDWLRQ ZLWK WKH SUREOHPV RI ILUVWWRSXEOLVKDFRPPHQWDYHU\EULHIRQHRQ0DUWLQ¶VDUJXPHQWV +H FRPSOLPHQWHG µPHDQLQJ¶IRUPHWDSK\VLFVDQGUHOLJLRQKDYLQJEHHQFRQVLJQHGWRWKHGXVWELQDOOWKDWZDV 0DUWLQ IRU DVNLQJ LPSRUWDQW TXHVWLRQV HYHQ WKRXJK KH GLG QRWOLNH 0DUWLQ¶V DQVZHUV ,Q OHIWZDVWRVWXG\WKHZD\SHRSOHXVHODQJXDJH$V*LOEHUW5\OHVWDWHGLQµ3UHRFFXSDWLRQ ZKHQ0DUWLQZDVDOUHDG\LQ$GHODLGH$QWRQ\)OHZDQG$ODVGDLU0DF,QW\UHLQFOXGHG ZLWK WKH WKHRU\ RI PHDQLQJ FRXOG EH GHVFULEHG DV WKH RFFXSDWLRQDO GLVHDVH RI WZHQWLHWK WKHDUWLFOHLQDERRNRIQHZHVVD\V:'*ODVJRZRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI6KHIILHOGSXEOLVKHG FHQWXU\$QJOR6D[RQDQG$XVWULDQSKLORVRSK\¶1RWRQO\WKHWKHRU\RIPHDQLQJEXWDOVR WKH PHDQLQJ RI LQGLYLGXDOZRUGVDQGVHQWHQFHVIDVFLQDWHG SKLORVRSKHUV,WZDVWKHWLPH RI µRUGLQDU\ODQJXDJHSKLORVRSK\¶6SHQGLQJUHJXODUWHDEUHDNVZLWKWKH$GHODLGHSKLORVRSKHUV RQHEHFDPHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHLUGHEDWHVDERXWVXFKPDWWHUV,DWWHQGHGSKLORVRSKLFDOVHPLQDUV µ,PXVWVWUHVVWKDWP\GLVFRYHU\RIWKH'LYLQHKDVSURFHHGHGRQDSXUHO\QDWXUDOOHYHOZLWKRXWDQ\ UHIHUHQFHWRVXSHUQDWXUDOSKHQRPHQD,WKDVEHHQDQH[HUFLVHLQZKDWLVWUDGLWLRQDOO\FDOOHGQDWXUDO 2QHRIWKHVHZDVHQWLWOHGµ$YRZDOV¶3URIHVVRU*DVNLQJRI0HOERXUQHZRQGHUHGZKHWKHUD WKHRORJ\,WKDVKDGQRFRQQHFWLRQZLWKDQ\RIWKHUHYHDOHGUHOLJLRQV1RUGR,FODLPWRKDYHKDGDQ\ FKLFNHQVH[HUFRXOGWUXO\µDYRZ¶WKDWKHZDVVH[LQJFKLFNHQVZKHQKLVFRQVFLRXVPLQGGLG SHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFHRI*RGRUDQ\H[SHULHQFHWKDWPD\EHFDOOHGVXSHUQDWXUDORUPLUDFXORXV,QVKRUW P\GLVFRYHU\RIWKH'LYLQHKDVEHHQDSLOJULPDJHRIUHDVRQDQGQRWRIIDLWK¶±)OHZ$QWRQ\There is a God. How the World’s Most Notorious Atheist Changed his Mind 1<+DUSHU +HKDVFDOOHGIHHOLQJERWKORYHDQGKDWHWRZDUGVRPHRQHµDFRPSOH[HPRWLRQWKDWPRVWRIXVKDYH :LVGRP-RKQµGods¶ ± Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 1HZ6HULHV ± H[SHULHQFHG¶±0DUWLQ&KDUOHV%XUWRQReligious Belief ,WKDND1<&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV µ:LVGRP¶VDUJXPHQWLQ³*RGV´FDQEHUHDGDVDSURIRXQGGHYHORSPHQWDQGFRUUHFWLRQRI+XPH¶V PDVWHUSLHFHWKHDialogues Concerning Natural Religion.¶±0DUWLQReligious BeliefDERYHQ 6QRZGRQDERYHQ 0DUWLQ&KDUOHV%XUWRQµ$5HOLJLRXV:D\RI.QRZLQJ¶ QR Mind 1HZ6HULHV ± µDOORXULGHDVRUZHDNSHUFHSWLRQVDUHGHULYHGIURPRXULPSUHVVLRQVRUVWURQJSHUFHSWLRQVDQGWKDW ZHFDQQHYHUWKLQNRIDQ\WKLQJZKLFKZHKDYHQRWVHHQZLWKRXWXVRUIHOWLQRXUPLQGV¶±+XPH ,ELGVHHDOVR0DUWLQReligious BeliefDERYHQ 'DYLG Treatise of Human Nature, Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of 6HHWKHHQWU\LQWKHDictionary of Welsh BiographyE\0HLULRQ/OR\G'DYLHV± Reasoning into Moral Subjects SXEOLVKHGDQRQ\PRXVO\LQ KWWSZEROOJFRUJXNHQV/(:,'$9KWPO! 0DUWLQReligious BeliefDERYHQ /HZLV+\ZHO'DYLGµ$QGUHZV3KLORVRSKLFDO6XUYH\V;7KH3KLORVRSK\RI5HOLJLRQ±¶ 5\OH*LOEHUWµ7KH7KHRU\RI0HDQLQJ¶LQ0DFH&HFLO$OHF HG British Philosophy in the Mid- The Philosophical Quarterly± Century. A Cambridge Symposium /RQGRQ$OOHQ 8QZLQ 7KHUHIHUHQFHWR$XVWULDZDV ,ELG RQHLPDJLQHVSURYRNHGE\WKHJUHDWLQIOXHQFHZKLFK/XGZLJ:LWWJHQVWHLQKDGLQ&DPEULGJHDWWKH )OHZ$QWKRQ\DQG0DF,QW\UH$ODVGDLU HGV New Essays in Philosophical Theology /RQGRQ6&0 WLPH 3UHVV ± The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

DQH[WHQVLYHFULWLFDOUHYLHZ+HFRQFHGHGWKDWWKHDUWLFOHKDGKDGµFRQVLGHUDEOHLQIOXHQFHLQ ,Q&KDSWHU7ZR µRationalist Substitutes for Religion¶ 0DUWLQPDNHVLWFOHDUWKDWKHZRXOG (QJODQG¶EXWDOVRVXJJHVWHGWKDWLWVPHDQLQJZDVµLQSODFHVREVFXUH¶ KDYHQRGLIILFXOW\LQDFFHSWLQJZKDWKHFDOOVDµUDWLRQDOLVWVXEVWLWXWH¶IRUUHOLJLRQHQGRUVLQJ (QFRXUDJHG E\ KLV VXFFHVV 0DUWLQ SXEOLVKHG µ7KH 3HUIHFW *RRG¶ LQ WKH OHDGLQJ +XPH¶V VWDWHPHQW µWKDW WKH FDXVH RU FDXVHV RI RUGHU LQ WKH XQLYHUVH SUREDEO\ EHDU VRPH $XVWUDODVLDQSKLORVRSKLFDOMRXUQDO$VLPSOLILHGYHUVLRQRIKLVDUJXPHQWPLJKWEH:KHQ UHPRWHDQDORJ\WRKXPDQLQWHOOLJHQFH¶ ZHVD\RIDSHUVRQWKDWKHLVJRRG WKDWKHZLOOQHYHUGRDQ\WKLQJZKLFKLVQRWJRRG ZHFDQ &KDSWHU7KUHH µThe Perfect Goodness of God, I¶ FRQVLVWVRIWZRSDUWV0DUWLQDUJXHVWKDW VWLOOLPDJLQHZKDWLWZRXOGEHOLNHLIZHZHUHWRILQG SHUKDSVEHFDXVHRIWKHGLVFRYHU\RIKLV ZKHQWKH*RRGLVdefined HPSKDVLVDGGHG LQWHUPVRI*RG¶VSHUIHFWZLOODQG*RGLVGHILQHG VHFUHWGLDU\ WKDWWKHIHOORZZDVDURJXH+RZHYHUZKHQZHVD\RI*RGWKDWKHLVµWKHSHUIHFW LQWHUPVRIWKH*RRGRQHKDVFUHDWHGDQHTXLYDOHQFHZKLFKQRWKLQJLQWKHZRUOGRIIDFWRU JRRG¶VRWKDWGHSDUWXUHVIURPKLVJRRGQHVVDUHLQFRQFHLYDEOHZHZLOOKDYHWXUQHGµJRRGQHVV¶ LPDJLQDWLRQFDQGLVWXUEIRUµLWUHVWVVHFXUHLQWKHFROGDQGEDUUHQZRUOGRIORJLF¶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

SHUVRQKDVWXUQHGWRGXVWWKHUHDSSHDUDQFHRIDVHHPLQJO\LGHQWLFDOSHUVRQODWHUZRXOGEHWKH VDPHSHUVRQRUVRPHRQHZKRLVPHUHO\H[WUHPHO\VLPLODU2QFHDSHUVRQKDVGLHGWKHUHLVQR FKDLQRILGHQWLW\ZKLFKFRXOGOLQNDSHUVRQZLWKKLVRUKHUGLVHPERGLHGVWDWHDIWHUGHDWK John Finnis’s onslaught on contemporary philosophy and on Martin’s book in particular ,Q&KDSWHU6HYHQ µFaith and Ritual¶ 0DUWLQDUJXHVWKDWDOOQRQUHOLJLRXVIDLWKUHOLHVRQWKH %\$XJXVW)LQQLVKDGDEVRUEHGDJRRGGHDORIWKHRORJLFDOOLWHUDWXUHDQGKDGFRPHWR SRVVLELOLW\RIYHULILFDWLRQ RUIDOVLILFDWLRQ ZKLOHUHOLJLRXVIDLWKGRHVQRWDQGLVWKXVQRWµIDLWK¶ DGPLUH LWV VFKRODUO\ TXDOLW\ %\ FRPSDULVRQ KH IRXQG FRQWHPSRUDU\ SKLORVRSKLFDO ZULWLQJ LQDQ\RIWKHVHQVHVRIZKLFKZHKDYHPHDQLQJIXOH[SHULHQFH FUXGHDQG XQVFKRODUO\µ:HFDQQRW EHOLHYHWKDWEXOOVIRUDOOWKDWWKH\VXFFHHGLQEUHDNLQJ WKLQJVDUHZRUWKPRUHWKDQWKHSRWWHUVRIILQHFKLQD¶+HDOVRGLVOLNHGWKHFUXGHFULWLFDO &KDSWHU(LJKW µBeyond All Human Understanding¶ GHQLHV WKDW RQH FDQ PDNH PHDQLQJIXO FRPPHQWVZKLFKZHUHRFFDVLRQDOO\XWWHUHGE\ORFDODJQRVWLFV$OHDGLQJIHDWXUHDUWLFOHLQOn DVVHUWLRQVDERXWWKHQDWXUHRI*RG egWKH7ULQLW\WKHJRRGQHVVRI*RG*RG¶VORYH&KULVWDV Dit VWDWHG µLW LV QRW SRVVLEOH WR GHQ\ WKH KRQHVW\ DFXPHQ DQG VFKRODUVKLS RI PHQ OLNH *RG LQFDUQDWH DQG FODLP DW WKH VDPH WLPH WKDW WKHVH DWWULEXWHV H[FHHG DOO KXPDQ +DUQDFN%DWWLIRORU5DPVH\DQGWRKHDUDPDQRIWKHLUFKDUDFWHU GLVPLVVHG LQ ORFDO XQGHUVWDQGLQJ0DUWLQVHHNVWRSURYHKLVSRLQWZLWKDUDQJHRIH[DPSOHV eg3ODWR¶VFDYH DQG DFDGHPLFFLUFOHVDV³DUDWEDJ´LVWRIHHOGRXEWDERXWWKHZRUWKQRWRIWKHWKHRORJLDQEXWRI WKXV DOLJQV KLPVHOI LQ WKH ZRUGV RI WKH HPLQHQW WKHRORJLDQ (PLO %UXQQHU µZLWK WKH KLVFULWLF¶)LQQLVKDGDOVRSHUVXDGHGKLPVHOIWKDWWKH5W5HY-RKQ9RFNOHUKDGEHHQULJKW UDWLRQDOLVWLF RU SRVLWLYLVWLF PHWDSK\VLFV WKDW DUURJDWHV WR LWVHOI WKH ULJKW WR GHULYH WKH ZKHQKHKDGFRPSODLQHGLQOn Ditµ0XFKXQLYHUVLW\WHDFKLQJZKLFKLVFULWLFDORIWKHRORJ\ ZKROHUDQJHRIWUXWKIURPWKHVWDQGSRLQWRIPDQ¶ VXIIHUVIURPDQLQDGHTXDWHNQRZOHGJHRIZKDWWKHRORJ\DQGWKHRORJLDQVare saying¶ On Dit &KDSWHU 1LQH µWhy is There Anything at All¶ LV QRW FRQFHUQHG ZLWK WKH ZRQGHUV RI WKH VLQJOHGRXW0DUWLQ¶VERRNDV XQLYHUVH EXW OLNH &KDSWHU )LYH ZLWK WKH H[LVWHQFH RI *RG 0DUWLQ IRFXVHV RQ ZKDW KDV DQHORTXHQWLIXQLQWHQGHGWHVWLPRQ\WRWKHJULHYRXVFRQVHTXHQFHVRIDQ\DWWHPSWWR EHFRPHNQRZQDVµ$TXLQDV¶7KLUG:D\¶RQHRIILYHSURRIVRIWKHH[LVWHQFHRI*RG0DUWLQ GLVFXVVWKHRORJ\ZLWKRXWNQRZLQJPXFKDERXWLW>WKLV@ERRNPLJKWKDYHSURYHG TXRWHVWKHSDVVDJHIURPWKHSumma Theologica ZKLFKLVXVXDOO\WDNHQWRUHSUHVHQW PRUHRIDFUHGLWWRWKLVXQLYHUVLW\LIWKHUHKDGEHHQLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\DQDFDGHPLF WKH 7KLUG :D\ 5HO\LQJ RQ 0DUWLQ¶V LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ SHUKDSV DW WKH ULVN RI WKHRORJLDQWROHWWKHDXWKRUNQRZZKHQKHZDVDWWDFNLQJDUHDOWKHRORJLDQDQGZKHQ RYHUVLPSOLILFDWLRQ$TXLQDVDSSHDUVWRDUJXHWKDWLIHYHU\WKLQJLVSHULVKDEOHWKHUHPXVWKDYH KHZDVPHUHO\URXWLQJDQLPSRWHQWPDQRIVWUDZ EHHQDWLPHZKHQQRWKLQJH[LVWHG%HFDXVHWKLQJVQRZH[LVWDQGFRQVLGHULQJWKDWQRWKLQJ 7KLVYHU\SHUVRQDODWWDFNSURPSWHG'U0DUHVRIWKH(QJOLVK'HSDUWPHQWWRZULWHWROn Dit FRPHVIURPQRWKLQJWKHUHPXVWKDYHEHHQDFUHDWRURULQ0DUWLQ¶VZRUGVµD%HLQJIRUZKRP SRLQWLQJ RXW WKDW WKH HGLWRUV )LQQLV &RRSHU DQG %D\QHV ZHUH QHLWKHU WKHRORJLDQV QRU LWLVQRWSRVVLEOHIRULWQRWWRH[LVW¶ 0DUWLQTXHVWLRQVWKHORJLFHPSOR\HGE\$TXLQDV SKLORVRSKHUV DQG ZHUH WKHUHIRUH QRW FRPSHWHQW WR PDNH VXFK QHJDWLYH MXGJPHQWV µ\RXU DQGSRLQWVRXWWKDWµQRWKLQJFRPHVIURPQRWKLQJ µLVQRWDGHPRQVWUDEOHWUXWK¶+HSURPLVHV UHPDUNVDUHVHOIFRQIXWLQJDQGZKDWLVPXFKPRUHVHULRXVLOOPDQQHUHGWKHPRUHVRVLQFH WRFRPSDUHWKLVµUHOLJLRXVK\SRWKHVLV¶ZLWKµDOWHUQDWLYHFRVPRORJLFDO>WKHRULHV@¶EXWWKHUHLV 'U0DUWLQLVDWSUHVHQWRYHUVHDV,I\RXWKLQNWKHUHDUHVHULRXVFULWLFLVPVWREHPDGHWKH\ QR DWWHPSW WR H[SORUH FRVPRORJLFDO LQVLJKWV ZKLFK KDG DOUHDG\ EHHQ DFKLHYHG ZKHQ KH VKRXOGEHPDGHLQIXOOVRWKDW\RXUUHDGHUVFDQMXGJHWKHP¶$VLIKHKDGEHHQZDLWLQJIRU ZURWH LQVWHDG KH RIIHUV UHIOHFWLRQV RQ WKH WKLQJV ZKLFK VFLHQFH FDQ DQG WKRVH ZKLFK VXFKDFKDOOHQJH)LQQLVSXEOLVKHGµ7KHRORJ\DQG&ULWLFLVP¶DZLGHUDQJLQJFULWLTXHRIWKH VFLHQFHFDQQRWH[SODLQ ERRNRIDERXWZRUGV 0DUWLQ¶V ERRN HDUQHG FLWDWLRQV LQ RWKHU ERRNV DQG MRXUQDO DUWLFOHV 7KH Australasian 7KH -RKQ )LQQLV RI PLJKW KDYH UHDG WKH DUJXPHQWV LQ 0DUWLQ¶V ERRN ZLWK D Journal of Philosophy GLG QRW UHYLHZ LW EXW PHQWLRQHG LW XQGHU µERRNV UHFHLYHG¶ ZLWK DQ SRVLWLYHHPSLULFLVWELDVDQGZLWKWKHNLQGRIV\PSDWK\UHFRPPHQGHGE\-HWKUR%URZQZKHQ H[SODQDWRU\QRWH SDUWTXRWHSDUWFRPPHQW GHDOLQJZLWKDQFLHQWOHJDOGRFWULQHV+RZHYHUZKLOH0DUWLQKDGDEDQGRQHGUHOLJLRQDQG KDGHPEUDFHGHPSLULFLVP)LQQLVKDGJRQHWKURXJKWKHUHYHUVHSURFHVVDQGHPSLULFLVPKDG EHFRPHWKHHQHP\µ³Religious Belief´ZKLFKSXUSRUWVWREHDQDQDO\VLVRIPHDQLQJSURYHV %UXQQHU(PLORevelation and Reason /RQGRQ6&03UHVV TXRWHGE\0DUWLQReligious BeliefDERYHQ LWVHOIWREHOLWWOHPRUHWKDQDQHVVD\LQHPSLULFLVWGRJPDWLFV V& ¶ )LQQLVFRQVLGHUHGWKH 0DUWLQ¶VFLWDWLRQLVLQFRPSOHWHKHSUREDEO\XVHGWKHIROORZLQJ(QJOLVKODQJXDJHHGLWLRQ$TXLQDV Summa Theologica &LQFLQQDWL2KLR%HQ]LQJHU%URWKHUV 3DUW4$UW4$UW µ7KHRORJ\DQG&ULWLFLVP¶ 6HSWHPEHU On Dit )RUDQHODERUDWHGLVFXVVLRQRIWKH7KLUG:D\VHH $XJXVW On Dit7KHDUWLFOHZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKLVSDVVDJHLVXQVLJQHGEXWWKHUHLVOLWWOH KWWSVZZZEXHGXZFS3DSHUV5HOL5HOL0D\GKWP! GRXEWWKDWLWZDVZULWWHQE\-RKQ)LQQLV $V0DUWLQVD\VSDUDSKUDVLQJ$TXLQDVµ,IDQ\WKLQJFRPHVLQWRH[LVWHQFHWKHQVRPHWKLQJHOVHEURXJKW µ:K\1RWD&KDLURI7KHRORJ\"¶ $XJXVW On Dit LWLQWRH[LVWHQFH ¶ $XJXVW On Dit7KHVDPHSDVVDJHDSSHDUHGDJDLQLQWKHFRQFOXVLRQVRI)LQQLV¶V 6HH+DZNLQJ6WHSKHQ:A Brief History of Time; from the Big Bang to Black Holes 1

VFKRODUO\ GHIHFWV RI 0DUWLQ¶V ERRN WR KDYH EHHQ V\PSWRPDWLF RI WKH ZKROH VFKRRO RI LPSUHFLVLRQRIWKRXJKWDQGH[SUHVVLRQ¶ V$ $OPRVWHYHU\FKDSWHURIWKHERRNKDGWR SKLORVRSK\ZKLFK0DUWLQKDGMRLQHG$EULHILQWURGXFWLRQVWDWHV ,QWURG VXIIHUWKHLQGLJQLW\RIDVXSSRVHGO\FOHDUHUDQGPRUHORJLFDOUHDUUDQJHPHQWRI0DUWLQ¶VPDLQ LWLVLPSRUWDQWWKDWHGXFDWHGSHRSOHVKRXOGNQRZVRPHWKLQJRIWKHFKDUDFWHURIPXFK SRLQWV OHDYLQJ LQWDFW 0DUWLQ¶V DPELJXLWLHV EHLQJ SURGXFHG E\ )LQQLV LQ RUGHU WKHQ WR EH FRQWHPSRUDU\ $QJOR6D[RQ SKLORVRSK\ 3HRSOH NQRZ WKDW WKLV SKLORVRSK\ LV UHIXWHGPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\ EURDGO\DSKLORVRSK\RIDQDO\VLVDQGFULWLFLVP:KDWLVQRWVRZLGHO\UHFRJQLVHGLV DArticles of the Christian faith as stated by Martin WKDW LW LV LQ RXWORRN DQG WHFKQLTXH LQGLIIHUHQW RU RSSRVHG WR WKH GHPDQGV RI )LQQLV FODLPV WKDW 0DUWLQ KDV PLVVWDWHG RU PLVSDUDSKUDVHG IXQGDPHQWDO GRFWULQHV RI WKH VFKRODUVKLS$QGZKDWLVVFKRODUVKLSLIQRWDFHUWDLQ]HDOWROHDUQWRXQGHUVWDQGDQG QRWWRPLVUHSUHVHQWWKHYLHZVWKDWRQHLVVXEMHFWLQJWRDQDO\VLVDQGFULWLFLVP",W &KULVWLDQ IDLWK VXFK DV WKH EHDWLILF YLVLRQ WKH 7ULQLW\ WKH K\SRVWDWLF XQLRQ DQG WKH LV IDLU WR SRLQW RXW DQG LW LV UHOHYDQW WR RXU FRQFOXVLRQV DERXW WKH QDWXUH RI UHVXUUHFWLRQµ$VIDUDVZHFDQGLVFRYHUHYHU\RQHRI'U0DUWLQ¶VLQFXUVLRQVLQWRUHYHDOHG FRQWHPSRUDU\SKLORVRSK\ WKDW³Religious Belief´ZDV³PRVWSDLQVWDNLQJO\UHDG´E\ DQGGRJPDWLFWKHRORJ\EHJLQVDQGHQGVLQSDURG\¶ V 0RUHWKDQVWDWHPHQWVE\0DUWLQ VHYHQ$XVWUDOLDQDQG$PHULFDQSKLORVRSKHUVLQFOXGLQJQROHVVWKDQIRXUSURIHVVRUV DUHOLVWHGZKLFKSDUDGHDVWHQHWVRIWKH&KULVWLDQIDLWKZKHQDFFRUGLQJWR)LQQLVWKH\DUHLQ 7KHUHYLHZLVGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWVVHJPHQWV± SDJHV± ZKLFKGHDOZLWKVXSSRVHG IDFWGLVWRUWLRQVEDVHGRQPLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGPLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ)LQQLVFRQVLGHUV0DUWLQ¶V VKRUWFRPLQJV RI0DUWLQ¶VVFKRODUVKLSDQGVHJPHQWV$±+ SDJHV ± ZKLFKGHDOZLWKWKH UHIXWDWLRQ RI VXFK µVWUDZPHQ¶ WR EH QRWKLQJ PRUH WKDQ D WLOWLQJ DW ZLQGPLOOV OHDYLQJ WUXH VXEVWDQFH RI 0DUWLQ¶V DUJXPHQWV )LQQLV FRQGHPQHG 0DUWLQ DQG KLV ERRN IRU LJQRUDQFH RI &KULVWLDQ WKHRORJ\ XQDIIHFWHG 7HVWLQJ WKH FRUUHFWQHVV RI )LQQLV¶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µ, VKDOO GLVFXVV WKRVH IRUPV RI &KULVWLDQLW\ KLV FULWLFLVPV RQO\ LQ RXWOLQH ,QWURG 7R FDOO )LQQLV¶V UHYLHZ KRVWLOH ZRXOG EH QR ZKLFK,P\VHOIKDYHOLYHGWKURXJKRUOLYHGFORVHWRDQGP\FRPPHQWVZLOOEHUHOHYDQWWR H[DJJHUDWLRQ IHDWXUHVHVVHQWLDOWRWKHVH Y ¶:KRFDQVD\ZKHWKHU0DUWLQKDGKHDUGLQWKHFKXUFKHVRIKLV ,Q KHU ERRN DERXW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ 8QLRQ 0DUJDUHW 0 )LQQLV -RKQ¶V PRWKHU KDV \RXWK VWDWHPHQWV OLNH WKH RQHV )LQQLV LGHQWLILHG"$GPLWWHGO\ 0DUWLQ RSHQHG KLPVHOI XS WR GHVFULEHGWKHXSURDUIROORZLQJWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKHUHYLHZ )LQQLV¶V DWWDFN ZKHQ KH LQYRNHG 6W7KRPDV $TXLQDV DV KLV PDLQ µZLWQHVV IRU WKH ON DIT HQJDJHG LQ ZKROHVDOH SROHPLFV WKH PRVW FRQWURYHUVLDO RI ZKLFK SURVHFXWLRQ¶PDNLQJDSDVVDJHIURPWKHSumma TheologicaWKHFHQWUDOIHDWXUHRI&KDSWHUV FRQFHUQLQJWKHH[LVWHQFHRI*RGDVVHHQE\DPHPEHURIWKH3KLORVRSK\6WDII OHGD 7KUHHDQG)RXU0DUWLQ¶VIDLOXUHWRFRSHZLWKWKHWDVNKHVHWIRUKLPVHOILQUHODWLRQWR$TXLQDV SURIHVVRUWREXWWRQKROHDQHGLWRUVKRXW³\¶EORRG\OLWWOHWZHUS´DQGHQJDJHLQDWZR OHQGVSODXVLELOLW\WR)LQQLV¶VFULWLFLVP KRXUWZRPDQRSHQGHEDWHZLWKDWKUHH)DFXOW\DXGLHQFH7KHFDXFXVRIZKLFKWKLV EThe mechanics of Martin’s scholarship VWXGHQW ZDV D PHPEHU GURYH RQH GHSDUWPHQWDO OHFWXUHU WR EXUVW LQWR KLV VWDII WHD URRPEHOORZLQJWRDFROOHDJXH³QRRQHLVVDIHIURPWKDWVRQRI\RXUV´%DOPDQG $W WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI &KDSWHU )RXU 0DUWLQ SRVHV WKH TXHVWLRQ ZKDW LV WKH QDWXUH RI WKH UHEXNH ZHUH PLQJOHG LQ D OHWWHU WR On Dit IURP WZR PHPEHUV RI WKH VDPH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ *RG¶V TXDOLWLHV DQG WKH TXDOLWLHV RI PHQ " +H IRFXVHV XSRQ 'HSDUWPHQWHQGLQJZLWKWKHUHFWLWXGLQRXVTXRWDWLRQ LQWHQGHGIRUWKHVLQQHUHGLWRU µJRRGQHVV¶ZKLFKZKHQDSSOLHGWR*RGEHFRPHVµSHUIHFWJRRGQHVV¶+HWKHQVXJJHVWVWKDW ³:HDUHDOOIUDLO/RUG$QJHOR´ $TXLQDVKDVVRXJKWWRDQVZHUWKLVTXHVWLRQE\LQFOXGLQJWKHIROORZLQJSDVVDJHLQWKHSumma 7KHFROOHDJXHZKRZDVµEHOORZHGDW¶ZDV0DXULFH)LQQLV,FDQQRWILQGDQ2FWREHUOn Theologica DitLVVXHLQZKLFKWKH/RUG$QJHOROHWWHUZRXOGKDYHEHHQSXEOLVKHG 7KHUHIRUH HYHU\WKLQJ WKDW GRHV QRW LPSO\ D FRQWUDGLFWLRQ LQ WHUPV LV QXPEHUHG Selected aspects of Finnis’s criticism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¶VODWHU UHSXJQDQW WR RPQLSRWHQFH 7KHUHIRUH LW LV WKDW *RG FDQQRW VLQ EHFDXVH RI KLV PDWXUHZRUN RPQLSRWHQFH 7KHIROORZLQJH[DPSOHVKRZVWKHVKDUSQHVVRI)LQQLV¶VFULWLFLVP,QKLVFRPPHQWVRQ 7R0DUWLQWKLVLVWKHEDVLFWKHRORJLFDOVWDWHPHQWRI*RG¶VSHUIHFWJRRGQHVV)LQQLVDFFXVHG &KDSWHUV 7KUHH DQG )RXU KH VWDWHV µ>0DUWLQ¶V@ GLVFXVVLRQ ZDQGHUV RYHU PRUH WKDQ IRUW\ 0DUWLQRIKDYLQJPLVXQGHUVWRRGWKLVµFUXFLDOTXRWDWLRQ¶DQGWKHVHYHQSKLORVRSKHUVZKRKDG SDJHVEHFRPLQJFRQIXVHGZLWKFROODWHUDOGLVFXVVLRQVSUHPLVHVKDYHWREHIHUUHWHGRXW IRUW\ SDJHV DIWHU WKH UHDVRQLQJV WKDW GHSHQG RQ WKHP WKH ZKROH LV DIIOLFWHG ZLWK DQ $TXLQDVSumma Theologica4$UW 0DUWLQXVHGWKHIROORZLQJHGLWLRQ$TXLQDVSumma )LQQLV0DUJDUHWDERYHQ Theologica /RQGRQ%XUQV2DWHV :DVKERXUQH Q The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

µPRVW SDLQVWDNLQJO\UHDG¶WKH ERRN VHH DERYH RILJQRUDQFH RI7KRPLVW WKRXJKW V RI*RGWKHPRVWIXQGDPHQWDORIDOORI0DUWLQ¶VWRSLFV7KDW&KDSWHUVKRXOGKDYHSUHFHGHG :LWKDOOUHVSHFWWR0DUWLQ,ILQG)LQQLV¶VFHQVXUHZHOOIRXQGHG &KDSWHU7KUHHIROORZLQJGLUHFWO\XSRQWKHLQWURGXFWRU\&KDSWHUV2QHDQG7ZR3XWWLQJWKLV 0DUWLQ¶VSDUDSKUDVH RIWKHSDVVDJHIURP$TXLQDVUHDGV DV IROORZVµ>7RDIILUP WKDW SHUKDSVUDWKHUFUXGHO\ZKDWLVWKHSRLQWRIGHDOLQJZLWK*RG¶VTXDOLWLHV &KDSWHUV7KUHHDQG *RGLVDEOHWRVLQ@LV³DFRQWUDGLFWLRQLQWHUPV´LWLVinconceivableWKDW*RGVKRXOGHUU¶ )RXU ZKHQRQHKDVWRFRQFOXGHDV0DUWLQGRHVWKDWWKHUHLVQRPHDQLQJIXOLQGLFDWLRQWKDW $ VLPLODU DWWHPSWHG VXPPDU\ DSSHDUV LQ &KDSWHU 7KUHH µ6W 7KRPDV VD\V LW LV D *RGH[LVWV" ³FRQWUDGLFWLRQLQWHUPV´WRDVVHUWWKDW*RGLVDEOHWRVLQ ¶,FDQQRWILQGDVXJJHVWLRQLQ FChapters Three and Four: God’s goodness WKLV TXRWDWLRQ WR WKH HIIHFW WKDW DQ LPDJLQHG DFW RI *RG ZKLFK ZRXOG EH UHSXJQDQW WR 7KHUHDUHOLQNVEHWZHHQVRPHRI)LQQLV¶VVWXGHQWDUWLFOHVDQGWKHZRUNRIWKHPDWXUH2[IRUG RPQLSRWHQFH ZRXOG DOVR EH D FRQWUDGLFWLRQ LQ WHUPV 6XFK D FRQFOXVLRQ PLJKW KDYH VXLWHG VFKRODU+LVFRQFHUQZLWKQXFOHDUGHWHUUHQFHKDVDOUHDG\EHHQPHQWLRQHG VHHDERYH,' $OO 0DUWLQ EXW KH VKRXOG KDYH H[SODLQHG KRZ KH DUULYHG DW LW$W DQ\ UDWH WKH SDVVDJH LV QRW WKHWKHPHVRIWKH$TXLQDV6RFLHW\PLVVLRQ VHHDERYH3W,,,,$ ODWHUEHFDPHWKHPHV SULPDULO\FRQFHUQHGZLWKJRRGQHVV DQGFHUWDLQO\QRWZLWK*RG¶VLQDELOLW\WRHUU RUZLWKWKH IRU )LQQLV¶V VFKRODUO\ DWWHQWLRQ 2QH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW OLQNV LV WR EH IRXQG LQ GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ*RG¶VTXDOLWLHVDQGWKRVHRIPHQ5DWKHULWGHDOVZLWKWKHTXLWHGLIIHUHQW µ7KHRORJ\DQG&ULWLFLVP¶7KHODZRIQDWXUHZDVRIIXQGDPHQWDOLPSRUWDQFHLQ&RQWLQHQWDO TXHVWLRQZKHWKHU*RG¶VRPQLSRWHQFHLVGLPLQLVKHGE\WKHIDFWWKDW+HFDQQRWVLQ7KLVPLV (XURSHLQWKHWKFHQWXU\%HFDXVHRIWKHUHOLJLRXVGLYLGHDUHOLJLRXVV\VWHPRIQDWXUDO SDUDSKUDVHLVKDUGWRIRUJLYHEHFDXVHWKHDIIHFWHGSDVVDJHLVFHQWUDOWR0DUWLQ¶VDUJXPHQW ODZZRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQXQLYHUVDOO\DFFHSWDEOH$VHFXODUHWKLFZDVQHHGHGDQGLWZDVLQWKLV 0DUWLQKDGIDLOHGWRH[DPLQHWKH/DWLQWH[WDQGWRFRPPHQWRQWKHDGHTXDF\RIWKH(QJOLVK GLUHFWLRQWKDWWKHWKHRU\RIQDWXUDOODZGHYHORSHG)UDQ]:LHDFNHUKDVLGHQWLILHGWKHVHFXODU WUDQVODWLRQKHZDVXVLQJ IRXQGDWLRQRQZKLFKWKHQHZQDWXUDOODZUHVWHG 2PQLSRWHQFHUDWKHUWKDQWKHLVVXHV0DUWLQLGHQWLILHGLVHYHQPRUHFOHDUO\WKHWKHPH RI D TXRWDWLRQ IURP $QVHOP¶V Proslogion ZKLFK 0DUWLQ KDG LQFOXGHG LQ KLV DUWLFOH µ7KH 7KH GLVWLQFWLYH IHDWXUH RI WKH PRGHUQ /DZ RI 5HDVRQ LV WKH IDFW WKDW LW LV 3HUIHFW *RRG¶ ,Q &KDSWHU )RXU 0DUWLQ UHIHUUHG EDFN WR µ$TXLQDV DQG $QVHOP LQ WKH PHWKRGLFDOO\ HPDQFLSDWHG IURP PRUDO WKHRORJ\ DQG UDLVHG WR WKH OHYHO RI DQ LQGHSHQGHQWWHPSRUDOVRFLDOHWKLFDQHPDQFLSDWLRQRQO\SRVVLEOHEHFDXVHWKHJUHDW SDVVDJHV TXRWHG¶ DSSDUHQWO\ KDYLQJ IRUJRWWHQ WKDW KH KDG H[FOXGHG $QVHOP DW WKH VFKLVP LQ WKH FKXUFK IUHHG QDWXUDO ODZ IURP GHSHQGHQFH RQ RQH SDUWLFXODU EHJLQQLQJRIWKH&KDSWHU7KDWGLGQRWHVFDSH)LQQLV¶VHDJOHH\Hµ7KHUHIHUHQFHDOOHJHGRQ FRQIHVVLRQ,IQDWXUDOODZLVWRSUHVHQWLWVHOIDVDSKLORVRSK\RIDJLYHQRUGHU S O WR KDYH EHHQ PDGH WR$QVHOP LV QRQH[LVWHQW V ¶,WLVQRWD PLVWDNHRQH LWKDVWRXVHVXSUDSRVLWLYHSRVWXODWHV7KHVROXWLRQDGRSWHGE\ZHVWHUQWKLQNHUVKDV VKRXOGPDNHZKHQRQH¶VFULWLFLV-RKQ)LQQLV EHHQWRWDNHDVLWVPRGHORUV\PEROWKHLGHDRIDQRULJLQDOsocial contract 2QHRI)LQQLV¶VFULWLFLVPVSDUWLFXODUO\UHVRQDWHGZLWK PHZKHQ,ILUVWUHDGLWLQOn 2QHFRXOGKDUGO\GHVFULEH)LQQLV¶VQDWXUDOODZDVVHFXODU$IWHUDOOKHUHJDUGVUHOLJLRQDVRQH Dit7KHUHZHUHDOOWRRQXPHURXVµWKLVZLOOEHGLVFXVVHGODWHU¶VWDWHPHQWV V DFOHDUVLJQ RI WKH JRRGV ZKLFKLI UHDVRQDEO\ SXUVXHGSURPRWHVKXPDQ IORXULVKLQJ)XUWKHU DQG PRUH RI VWUXFWXUDOGLIILFXOWLHV ,Q WKH &RORJQH/DZ)DFXOW\µEH V\VWHPDWLF¶KDG EHHQ GULOOHG LQWR LPSRUWDQWO\WKHUHLVWKHOLQNZLWKWKHGLYLQHZKLFKKHHVWDEOLVKHVLQFKDSWHU;,,RIKLVJUHDW PHDYRLGinfrDUHIHUHQFHVZKHQHYHUSRVVLEOH:HZHUHWROGWRGHDOZLWKDQLVVXHIXOO\ZKHQ ERRN 1HYHUWKHOHVV WKH ERRN LV VR ZULWWHQ WKDW LW FDQ VHUYH DV D V\VWHP RI HWKLFV IRU QRQ LWILUVWDULVHVLQWKHFRXUVHRIRQH¶VDUJXPHQWWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHEHVWV\VWHPDWLFVWUXFWXUHZLOO EHOLHYHUV+HGLGQRWQHHGWKHVRFLDOFRQWUDFWDVWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUKLVV\VWHPIRUKHIRXQG HPHUJH 0DUWLQ,WKRXJKWKDGPLVSODFHGKLV&KDSWHU)LYHZKLFKGHDOVZLWKWKHH[LVWHQFH WKHNH\WRWKLVVHSDUDWLRQRIWKHZRUOGO\IURPWKHGLYLQHLQWKHYHU\ZRUNRI7KRPDV$TXLQDV 7KLVHVVHQWLDOIHDWXUHRIKLVV\VWHPLVDOUHDG\DUWLFXODWHGLQKLVUHYLHZRI0DUWLQ¶VERRN 0DUWLQ¶VIDLOXUHWRFRQVXOWWKHRULJLQDO/DWLQUHPLQGVPHRIWKH7ROVWR\VHPLQDUFRQGXFWHGE\$QWRQ\ 0DUWLQ DUJXHG WKDW WR VD\ WKDW *RG LV WKH VRXUFH RI WKH PRUDO ODZ EHFDXVH KH LV )OHZ VHHDERYHDWQ 'HVSLWHP\LQDGHTXDWH5XVVLDQ,ZDVEUDVKHQRXJKWRUDLVHWKHLVVXH µVXSUHPHO\ JRRG¶ UDQ WKH ULVN RI PDNLQJ *RG JRRG E\ GHILQLWLRQ DQG WKXV UHQGHULQJ WKH ZKHWKHUµPHDQLQJ¶KDGEHHQWKHFRUUHFWWUDQVODWLRQRIWKH5XVVLDQZRUG7ROVWR\ZRXOGKDYHXVHG Znachenie 7KHUHVSRQVH,ZDVJLYHQDVWRXQGHGPHµ,WGRHVQ¶WPDWWHULIQRWZHVKDOOVLPSO\ SURSRVLWLRQ YDFXRXV +H DOVR DUJXHG WKDW RQ WKH VXSSRVLWLRQ WKDW *RG KDG PDGH WKH FULWLFLVHWKHWUDQVODWRU¶:DV)LQQLVULJKWZKHQKHFKDUJHGWKLVSKLORVRSKLFDOPRYHPHQWZLWK ZRUOGDQGKDGVRRUJDQLVHGWKLQJVWKDWJRRGZRXOGEHUHZDUGHGDQGHYLOSXQLVKHGWKHPRUDO LQGLIIHUHQFHRURSSRVLWLRQµWRWKHGHPDQGVRIVFKRODUVKLS¶" ODZGHSHQGHGRQWKHZD\WKLQJVDUH7KDWVRKHDGGHGFRXOGWKHQEHGHWHUPLQHGZLWKRXW µWRPDNH@ZKDWKDV IURPWKHSumma Theologica 67,,,5HVS µ7KDWZKLFKPDNHVWKHPDQZKRKDVLW DOUHDG\KDSSHQHGQRWWRKDYHKDSSHQHG²DQGOLNHZLVHPDQ\>RWKHU@WKLQJV"¶7KHSDVVDJHDSSHDUVLQ &KDSWHURIWKHProslogionZKLFKLVHQWLWOHGµHow He is omnipotent although He cannot do many JRRG DQG PDNHV WKH WKLQJ KH GRHV JRRG E\ PDNLQJ KLP DFW DFFRUGLQJ WR KLV QDWXUH LH things¶±+RSNLQV-DVSHUDQG5LFKDUGVRQ+HUEHUW WUDQVODWRUV Complete Philosophical and DFFRUGLQJWRUHDVRQ¶)LQQLVFRQWLQXHG Theological Treatises of Anselm of Canterbury 0LQQHDSROLV0LQQ%DQQLQJ3UHVV ±±VHH KWWSMDVSHUKRSNLQVLQIRSURVORJLRQSGI! $QRWKHUXVHIXOSLHFHRIDGYLFHZDVµ$YRLGWKHZRUGoffensichtlich REYLRXV ,WLVXVXDOO\DWWDFKHGWR 6HHWKHSDVVDJHIURP)LQQLV¶VOHWWHURI0DUFKTXRWHGDERYHDWQ VRPHWKLQJZKLFKLVHLWKHUTXLWHZURQJRUDWOHDVWLQQHHGRIPXFKIXUWKHUHODERUDWLRQ¶

7KLV PDNHV QR PHQWLRQ RI *RG EXW VLQFH QDWXUHV DUH QDWXUHV EHFDXVH *RG PDGH 7R/HZLVVXFKDQDSSUHKHQVLRQKDVµWKHVDPHFRPSHOOLQJFKDUDFWHUDVWKHDSSUHKHQVLRQVZH WKHPVRWRGHYLDWHIURPWKHPLVWKHVDPHWKLQJDVWRFRQWUDYHQHWKHUXOHODLGGRZQ KDYH LQ ORJLF RU PDWKHPDWLFV¶ 7KH LQLWLDO LQWXLWLRQ ZLOO WKHQ EH UHLQIRUFHG E\ SUHYLRXV E\*RGLQWKHFUHDWLYHDFW7KHUHFWLWXGHRIWKHKXPDQZLOO RIZKLFKµJRRG¶LVWKH H[SHULHQFHRI*RG¶VZD\VLQKLVWRU\DQGE\VLPLODUH[SHULHQFHVRIRWKHUEHOLHYHUV:KHQ, REMHFW LVWKXVPHDVXUHGat onceE\LWVDFFRUGZLWKWKHGLYLQHZLOOandE\LWVDFFRUG ILUVW UHDG 0DUWLQ¶V ERRN LQ WKH HDUO\ V P\ UHDFWLRQ WR &KDSWHU )LYH ZDV LI 0DUWLQ ZLWKUHDVRQ¶&HUWDLQO\'U0DUWLQ¶VK\SRWKHWLFDOPRUDOIRUPXODLVQRQWKHLVWLFLQ IRUP VR DUH 7KRPLVW IRUPXODH EXW 7KRPLVWV JR RQH VWHS IXUWKHU 7KH 7KRPLVW DOORZV DV KH GRHV DV D µFKHFNLQJ SURFHGXUH¶ DVNLQJ RWKHUV ZKHWKHU WKHLU H[SHULHQFH ZDV H[SODQDWRU\ GHILQLWLRQRIPRUDOYDOXHLQWHUPVRI*RG¶VZLOO RU*RG¶VUHDVRQRU VLPLODUWRRQH¶VRZQILQGLQJIHOORZEHOLHYHUVZRXOGPDNHWKH*RGH[SHULHQFHUHDO+DYLQJ WKH HWHUQDO ODZ LV FHUWDLQO\ compatible with D V\VWHP RI QRQWKHLVWLF PRUDO UHDG0DUWLQ¶VFULWLFV,FDQQRZVHHWKDW,KDGPLVVHGDFUXFLDOSRLQW*ODVJRZLQVLVWHGWKDW VWDWHPHQWV²EXW WR SURYH KLV SRLQW 'U 0DUWLQ KDV WR VKRZ WKDW WKDW GHILQLWLRQ LV 0DUWLQ¶VFKHFNLQJSURFHGXUHVPD\EHVXLWHGWRSK\VLFDOREMHFWVEXWDUHVLPSO\QRWUHOHYDQWWR HLWKHUIDOVHRIFRQWUDGLFWRU\KHGRHVQRWHYHQDWWHPSWWRGRWKLV V% DVWDWHPHQWVXFKDVµ,KDYHGLUHFWH[SHULHQFHRI*RG¶ 8QOHVV,DPPLVWDNHQDWOHDVWRQHRIWKHHVVHQWLDOIHDWXUHVRI)LQQLV¶VJUHDWERRNLVDOUHDG\ WKH IDFW WKDW LW FDQQRW EH YHULILHG LV GXH QRW QHFHVVDULO\ WR DQ\ VXEMHFWLYLW\ LQ WKH IRUHVKDGRZHGLQWKLVSDVVDJH H[SHULHQFHEXWWRWKHQDWXUHRI*RG+LPVHOIZKRVHH[LVWHQFHFDQQRWEHHVWDEOLVKHG GChapter Five: the existence of God E\ WHVWV DSSOLFDEOH RQO\ WR SK\VLFDO REMHFWV )RU DEVHQFH RI YHULILFDWLRQ ZKHUH YHULILFDWLRQGRHVQRWEHORQJGRHVQRWDV0DUWLQKROGVSURYHDQ\H[SHULHQFHWREH ,WLVDZHDNQHVVRI)LQQLV¶VUHYLHZWKDWLQWKHPLGVWRIDYHU\HODERUDWHDWWDFNRQDOPRVWDOO VXEMHFWLYHEXWRQO\PDNHVLWGLIILFXOWIRUWKHH[WHUQDOREVHUYHUWRNQRZZKHWKHULWis DVSHFWVRIWKHERRNKHVD\VVROLWWOHDERXW&KDSWHU)LYHGHYRWLQJRQO\OLQHVWRLWRI VXEMHFWLYHRUQRW ZKLFKDUHMXVWTXRWDWLRQVIURPWKHILUVWDQGWKHODVWSDJHVRIWKH&KDSWHU V' (VWDEOLVKHG 6LPLODUO\/HZLVFRQVLGHUHGWKDWUHOLJLRQFDQQRWEHDFFRXQWHGIRUµHQWLUHO\LQKXPDQWHUPV¶ SKLORVRSKHUVOLNH+\ZHO'DYLG/HZLVDQG:'*ODVJRZKDGWDNHQ&KDSWHU)LYHRUUDWKHULWV µ7KHUH PXVW EH D UHIHUHQFH ³EH\RQG´ WKH REMHFW RI UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFH LV *RG D SUHGHFHVVRUWKHDUWLFOHµ$5HOLJLRXV:D\RI.QRZLQJ¶PXFKPRUHVHULRXVO\ WUDQVFHQGHQW EHLQJ¶ ,Q H[SODLQLQJ KLV DSSURDFK WR UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFH /HZLV PDNHV LW )LQQLV DQG /HZLV KDG VLPLODU YLHZV RQ SKLORVRSK\ DQG UHOLJLRQ /HZLV ZDV D FOHDUWKDWLWFDQQRWEHLQYRNHGWRSURYHWKHH[LVWHQFHDµ*RG¶ZKRLVVHHQDVDEHLQJH[LVWLQJ µFRQVLVWHQW&KULVWLDQ¶ DOEHLWD3URWHVWDQW DQGLQWKHZRUGVRIKLVELRJUDSKHUµDWUHQFKDQW LQWKLVZRUOGDVDFRQFHSWOLNHWKRVHGHULYHGE\SKLORVRSKHUVIURPZRUOGO\H[SHULHQFH FULWLFRIOLQJXLVWLFSKLORVRSK\LQJHQHUDODQGORJLFDOSRVLWLYLVPLQSDUWLFXODU¶ZKRIDYRXUHG *ODVJRZFULWLFLVHG0DUWLQIRUXQGHUHVWLPDWLQJµWKHFRJQLWLYHVLGHRIWKHUHOLJLRXVZD\ WUDGLWLRQDO SKLORVRSKLFDO WKHPHV OLNH µIUHH ZLOO WKH H[LVWHQFH RI *RG DQG UHDVRQ DQG RINQRZLQJ¶+HZDVLPSUHVVHGE\0DUWLQ¶VORJLFEXWFRQVLGHUHGWKDWLWVYDOLGLW\GHSHQGHG H[SHULHQFH¶ /HZLV ZDV FULWLFDO RI 0DUWLQ¶V DSSURDFK µ³+DYLQJ EHHQ VWLUUHG´ E\ D XSRQ RQH FUXFLDO IDFWRU µ8QOHVV LW LV LQVLVWHG WKDW WKHUH LV VXFK D WKLQJ DV cognitive UHOLJLRXVULWXDORUDFWRIZRUVKLSRUKDYLQJ³FHUWDLQVRUWVRIHPRWLRQVDQGIHHOLQJV´LVQRWWKH experience LQ UHOLJLRQ 0DUWLQ V DVVLPLODWLRQ RI DOO UHOLJLRXV H[LVWHQWLDO VWDWHPHQWV WR HVVHQWLDO WKLQJ LQ UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFH LW LV ZKDW ZH DSSUHKHQG WKDW FRPHV ILUVW¶ 7KLV SV\FKRORJLFDOVWDWHPHQWVEHFRPHVKLJKO\SODXVLEOH¶2QHDVVXPHVWKDWE\µFRJQLWLYH FRPPHQWPD\VHHPFU\SWLFEXWLWVPHDQLQJLVUHYHDOHGLQ/HZLV¶VERRN Our Experience of H[SHULHQFH¶*ODVJRZPHDQWDSURFHVVZKLFKOHDGVWRNQRZOHGJHEH\RQGGRXEWUDWKHUWKDQ God ZKLFK KDG EHHQ DFTXLUHG E\ WKH %6/ LQ 2FWREHU DQG ZKLFK )LQQLV GLG QRW MXVWWRDVXEMHFWLYHVHQVHRIFHUWDLQW\+HQHLWKHUDIILUPHGWKDWVXFKDFRJQLWLYHVLGHH[LVWVQRU FRQVXOW,Q/HZLV¶VYLHZUHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFHFRPPHQFHVZLWKDNLQGRIµLQWXLWLRQ¶ H[SODLQHGLWVQDWXUH/HZLVKRZHYHUKDGQRGRXEWWKDWWKHUHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFH ZKLFKKH 7KH ZRQGHU ZKLFK LV EDVLF WR UHOLJLRQ DQG LQ ZKLFK LW EHJLQV FRPHV ZLWK WKH DOVR UHIHUUHG WR DV µWKH QXPLQRXV¶ LV FRJQLWLYH µWKH VHQVH RI WKH QXPLQRXV >PD\ EH@ UHDOL]DWLRQXVXDOO\VKDUSDQGGLVUXSWLQJWKDWDOOH[LVWHQFHDVZHNQRZLWVWDQGVLQD ³XOWLPDWHO\QRQLQWHOOHFWXDO´EXWWKLVLVRQO\EHFDXVHLWLVDVHQVHRIVRPHWKLQJEH\RQGWKH UHODWLRQ RI GHSHQGHQFH WR VRPH DEVROXWH RU XQFRQGLWLRQHG EHLQJRI ZKLFK ZH FDQ ZRUOGDVZHDUHDEOHWRXQGHUVWDQGLW7KDWWKHH[SHULHQFHVKRXOGEHSHFXOLDUDQGHOXVLYHLQ NQRZQRWKLQJGLUHFWO\EH\RQGWKLVLQWXLWLRQRILWVXQFRQGLWLRQHGQDWXUHDVWKHVRXUFH RIDOORWKHUUHDOLW\ WKLVVHQVHGRHVQRWSUHFOXGHLWVEHLQJLQLWVRZQZD\FRJQLWLYH¶ $VRQHZRXOGKDYHH[SHFWHG0DUWLQFRXQWHUVDOOWKLVE\LQVLVWLQJRQWKHSULPDF\RI WKHH[SHULHQFHµZKHWKHUDQ\WKLQJRUQRWKLQJLVDSSUHKHQGHGE\H[SHULHQFHVLVQRWWREHUHDG )DUUDU$XVWLQLQ Philosophy±DUHYLHZRI/HZLVDERYHQ)DUUDUZDVDQ RIIIURPWKHH[SHULHQFHVWKHPVHOYHV ¶,IRQH¶VH[SHULHQFHRI*RGLVRQH¶VRQO\LQGLFDWLRQ (QJOLVKWKHRORJLDQDQGSKLORVRSKHUDQGZDV:DUGHQRI.HEOH&ROOHJH2[IRUGZKHQKHZURWHWKH UHYLHZ ,ELG 'DYLHV0HLULRQ/OR\GHywel David LewisDictionary of Welsh Bibliography VHH *ODVJRZDERYHQ KWWSZEROOJFRUJXNHQV/(:,'$9KWPO! /HZLVDERYHQ%UXQQHUKDGPDGHDYHU\VLPLODUSRLQWVHH%UXQQHU(PLORevelation and 7KHSDVVDJHLVTXRWHGLQ0DUWLQ¶VERRN Q Reason /RQGRQ6&03UHVV TXRWHGE\0DUWLQReligious BeliefDERYHQ /HZLVDERYHQ µ>5@HOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFHLVQRWEHLQJH[SUHVVO\LQYRNHGWRSURYHWKHH[LVWHQFHRI*RG¶±/HZLVDERYHQ 7KHERRNZDVUHYLHZHGIDYRXUDEO\E\$ODVGDLU0DF,QW\UHDQG$XVWLQ)DUUDUERWKPHQRIVRPH VWDQGLQJLQWKHSKLORVRSK\RIUHOLJLRQ±VHH0DF,QW\UH$ODVGDLU&KDOPHUVLQ Analytic *ODVJRZDERYHQ Philosophy±DQG)DUUDU$XVWLQ VHHDERYHQ 0DF,QW\UHFRQYHUWHGWR&DWKROLFLVPDIWHU ,Q*ODVJRZ¶VWHUPV³,VHHDQDVKWUD\¶ZRXOGEHµDSV\FKRORJLFDOVWDWHPHQW¶FKHFNLQJSURFHGXUHVDUH KDYLQJEHHQD0DU[LVWDJQRVWLF,QKHZDVDSSRLQWHGWRD&KDLURI3KLORVRSK\DW1RWUH'DPH QHHGHGWRVKRZWKDWWKHVSHDNHULVQRWMXVWVHHLQJDPLUDJH$UHOLJLRXVH[LVWHQWLDOVWDWHPHQWZRXOGEH /HZLVDERYHQ/HZLV¶VFRQFHSWEHDUVDVWULNLQJVLPLODULW\WR/RQHUJDQ¶VµREVFXUHLQWXLWLRQRI µ,VHH*RG¶LPSO\LQJWKHUHE\WKDW*RGH[LVWV *RG¶ VHHDERYHDWQ /HZLVDERYHQ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

RI *RG¶V H[LVWHQFH LW SURYHV QRWKLQJ PRUH WKDQ WKDW WKH H[SHULHQFH RFFXUUHG FDOOLQJ LW D FDVHV +\SRWKHWLFDO OHJDO FDVHV SOD\ DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH WRR EXW LQ OHJDO DUJXPHQWV WKH µFRJQLWLYHH[SHULHQFH¶GRHVQRWKHOS LPDJLQDWLRQPXVWQRWUDFHDKHDGWRRIDURIZKDWPLJKWDFWXDOO\RFFXU1RVXFKOLPLWVHHPVWR HChapter Six: Life after death EHUHFRJQLVHGLQSKLORVRSK\RUFHUWDLQO\QRWE\)OHZDQG0DUWLQ2QHRI0DUWLQ¶VNH\FDVHV ,QWKLV&KDSWHU0DUWLQFDOOVLQWRTXHVWLRQWKHPHDQLQJIXOQHVVRIWKH&KULVWLDQEHOLHILQWKH LVWKHFDVHRIµ$VOHHSLQJRQDFRXFK¶$YDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLU KHQRORQJHUH[LVWV $IHZ VXUYLYDORIWKHGHDGLQDGLVHPERGLHGVWDWHWKHLUHYHQWXDOUHVXUUHFWLRQDQGWKHKRSHWKDWWKHLU PRPHQWODWHU%DQG&DSSHDUHDFKRIWKHPLVH[DFWO\OLNH$ VDPHERG\VDPHPHPRU\etc VXUYLYDO ZLOO UHYHDO DQG WKXV SURYH WKH H[LVWHQFH DQG WKH QDWXUH RI *RG )LQQLV FDOOHG 7KHFDVHLVVXSSRVHGWRVKRZWKDWWKHTXHVWLRQµZKLFKLVWKHUHDO$¶PDNHVQRVHQVH 6RPHZKDWODWHU0DUWLQDUJXHVXVLQJDK\SRWKHWLFDOZKLFKKHRZHGWR)OHZ 0DUWLQ¶VDUJXPHQWVRQGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHµDVREVFXUHO\H[SRXQGHGDVDQ\ZHKDYHHYHU WKDWWKH\FRXOG ERWKEH$IRUOLNHWZRDPRHEDHUHVXOWLQJIURPDFHOOGLYLVLRQ$FRXOGKDYHVSOLWLQWR%DQG HQFRXQWHUHG¶ V( (YHQLI)LQQLVKDGDSSOLHGWKLVFRPPHQWWRWKHZKROHFKDSWHU,ZRXOG KDYH IRXQG LW GLIILFXOW WR GLVDJUHH $ PRUH V\VWHPDWLF DUUDQJHPHQW RI 0DUWLQ¶V WKRXJKWV & )LQQLVKDVJLYHQXVDQLPSRUWDQWFOXHWR0DUWLQ¶VWKHRU\RIPHDQLQJE\KLJKOLJKWLQJ ZRXOGPDNHLWPXFKHDVLHUWRIROORZKLP SDVVDJHVRQSDJHV± V( ZKLFKLQFOXGHWKHVHQWHQFHµ:KDWZHFDQXQGHUVWDQGLVD SRVVLELOLW\¶7KDWLVLQGHHG0DUWLQ¶VWHVWIRUDVVHVVLQJWKHPHDQLQJFRKHUHQFHFRQVLVWHQF\ LThe resurrection of the dead DQGDSSOLFDELOLW\RIWKHFRQFHSWVZHXVHVRWKHRQO\OLPLWLVPHDQLQJIXOLPDJLQDELOLW\ $V D SUHOLPLQDU\ LVVXH 0DUWLQ UDLVHV WKH SUREOHP RI µLGHQWLW\ WKURXJK WLPH¶ DV LW DULVHV 6HHNLQJWKHDQVZHUWRWKHILUVW RI KLVTXHVWLRQV LV WKH ERG\WKHFKDLQ RILGHQWLW\" GXULQJRQH¶VOLIHWLPH ± 0DUWLQGUDZVRQ.DIND¶VVWRU\RIWKHPDQZKRFKDQJHGLQWRDQHQRUPRXVEHHWOHEXWUHWDLQHG :KDWPDNHVWKHPDQ-RKQ6PLWKLGHQWLFDOZLWKWKHER\RI\HDUVDJRDQGPRUH KLVµPHPRU\KRSHVORYHVDQGVHQVLWLYLW\¶7KHUHZDVVRKHVD\VDFKDQJHRIERG\LQWR JHQHUDOO\ZKDWGRHVSHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\FRQVLVWLQ",WVHHPVDVWKRXJKWKHUHPXVWEHVRPH DQRWKHUEXWµQRWWKDWRIRQHSHUVRQLQWRDQRWKHU¶ +HFRQFOXGHVµ7KHERG\WKHQDVWKH FKDLQZKLFKELQGVWRJHWKHUWKHSHUVRQRIWRGD\ZLWKWKHYHU\VDPHSHUVRQWRPRUURZ FKDLQRILGHQWLW\LVQRWQHFHVVDU\ ¶ %XWZKDWLVWKLVFKDLQ",VLWWKHERG\",VWKHSHUVRQFRQWLQXRXVRQO\LIWKHERG\LV 0DUWLQWKHQUDLVHVWKHVHFRQGTXHVWLRQµSHUKDSVWKHFKDLQLVWKDWRIPHPRU\DQGWKH FRQWLQXRXV"2UPXVWWKHUHEHDQH[DFWUHVHPEODQFHRUFRQWLQXLW\EHWZHHQWKHVRXODW FDSDFLWLHV RI PLQG DQG KHDUW¶ :KR ZRXOG QRW ZDQW WKH DQVZHU WR EH DIILUPDWLYH"$V RQHWLPHDQGWKHVRXODWDQRWKHU" 0DUWLQVD\Vµ6RPHWKLQJPXVWPDNHWKHPHPRU\DPHPRU\DQGJXDUDQWHHVHOILGHQWLW\DQGLW 6RPH\HDUVDIWHUWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRI0DUWLQ¶VERRNµSHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\¶EHFDPHRQHRIWKHPDLQ PXVWEHSUHVHQWLQWKHSHUVRQRUVRXOQRZ2XUYHU\ODQJXDJHVXJJHVWVWKLV2XUKRSHRIOLIH SUHRFFXSDWLRQVRIPRGHUQSKLORVRSK\ZULWLQJLQ-DPHV%DLOOLHOLVWHGDERXWERRNV DIWHUGHDWKLQVLVWVXSRQLW ¶ DQGDUWLFOHV ZKLFKZHUHSXEOLVKHGGXULQJWKHVVDQGHDUO\V %HFDXVHRI 7KLVILHOGKDGDOUHDG\EHHQXVHIXOO\SORXJKHGE\$QWRQ\)OHZZKRDUJXHGWKDWDNLQG WKHLU LPSRUWDQFH KH LQFOXGHG WKUHH WLWOHV ZKLFK SUHFHGHG WKH V An Essay Concerning RISV\FKRORJLFDODSSURDFKWRWKHTXHVWLRQRISHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\KDGILUVWEHHQGHYLVHGE\-RKQ Human Understanding E\-RKQ/RFNH µ2I3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\¶E\-RVHSK%XWOHU /RFNH)OHZZDVYHU\FULWLFDORI/RFNH¶VYLHZZKLFKKHVXPPHGXSDVIROORZVµ;DWWLPH DQGµ3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\DQG,QGLYLGXDWLRQ¶E\%HUQDUG:LOOLDPV 7KHWZRSRVVLEOH WZRLVWKHsame personDV

FRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGVXIILFLHQWWRFRQVWLWXWHSHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\LVUDLVHGEXWQRWDQVZHUHGE\ 2OVRQ(ULF7µ3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\¶LQStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy± )OHZ/RFNHLVQRWOLNHO\WRKDYHDVNHGVXFKDVWUDQJHTXHVWLRQ KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGXHQWULHVLGHQWLW\SHUVRQDO$FF2XU,GH7KU7LP! ODVWXSGDWHG µ-XGJLQJE\WKHTXDQWLW\DQGTXDOLW\RIUHFHQWO\SXEOLVKHGZRUNSHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\LVFXUUHQWO\DWWKH IRUHIURQWRISKLORVRSKLFDODWWHQWLRQ¶±%DLOOLH-DPHVµ5HFHQW:RUNRQ3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\¶ )OHZ$QWRQ\µ/RFNHDQGWKH3UREOHPRI3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\¶ Philosophy± Philosophical Books ± µ6XSSRVHZKDWLVQRWPHUHO\FRQFHLYDEOHEXWLPDJLQDEOHWKDWDSHUVRQVSOLWVOLNHDQDPRHED²ILUVW $OOWKUHHZRUNVDUHDFFHVVLEOHE\LQWHUQHW LQWRWZR6LDPHVHWZLQV²WKHQVHSDUDWLQJLQWRWZRLGHQWLFDOWZLQV¶±LELG :KHQ0DUWLQXVHVµVRXO¶KHLVQRWUHIHUULQJWRWKH&KULVWLDQFRQFHSW+LVWUXHPHDQLQJLVPDGHFOHDUE\ µ,PDJLQDELOLW\¶LVUHFRJQLVHGE\WKH2('WKRXJKGHVFULEHGDVµUDUH¶ KLVUHIHUHQFHWRµPHPRU\DQGWKHFDSDFLWLHVRIPLQGDQGKHDUW¶DVWKHSRVVLEOHµFKDLQ¶ .DIND)UDQ]Metamorphosis 1<9DQJXDUGWUDQVO$//OR\G .RUIPDFKHU&DUVWHQµ3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\¶LQInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy IEP ±VHH )OHZ/RFNHDERYHQ± KWWSZZZLHSXWPHGXSHUVRQL6+D!2OVRQXVHVµVRPDWLF¶LQVWHDGRIµSK\VLRORJLFDO¶±VHH2OVRQ :LOOLDPV%HUQDUG$2µ3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\DQG,QGLYLGXDWLRQ¶ ± Proceedings of the DERYHQ Aristotelian Society±± .RUIPDFKHULELG )OHZ/RFNHDERYHQ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

RI *RG¶V H[LVWHQFH LW SURYHV QRWKLQJ PRUH WKDQ WKDW WKH H[SHULHQFH RFFXUUHG FDOOLQJ LW D FDVHV +\SRWKHWLFDO OHJDO FDVHV SOD\ DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH WRR EXW LQ OHJDO DUJXPHQWV WKH µFRJQLWLYHH[SHULHQFH¶GRHVQRWKHOS LPDJLQDWLRQPXVWQRWUDFHDKHDGWRRIDURIZKDWPLJKWDFWXDOO\RFFXU1RVXFKOLPLWVHHPVWR HChapter Six: Life after death EHUHFRJQLVHGLQSKLORVRSK\RUFHUWDLQO\QRWE\)OHZDQG0DUWLQ2QHRI0DUWLQ¶VNH\FDVHV ,QWKLV&KDSWHU0DUWLQFDOOVLQWRTXHVWLRQWKHPHDQLQJIXOQHVVRIWKH&KULVWLDQEHOLHILQWKH LVWKHFDVHRIµ$VOHHSLQJRQDFRXFK¶$YDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLU KHQRORQJHUH[LVWV $IHZ VXUYLYDORIWKHGHDGLQDGLVHPERGLHGVWDWHWKHLUHYHQWXDOUHVXUUHFWLRQDQGWKHKRSHWKDWWKHLU PRPHQWODWHU%DQG&DSSHDUHDFKRIWKHPLVH[DFWO\OLNH$ VDPHERG\VDPHPHPRU\etc VXUYLYDO ZLOO UHYHDO DQG WKXV SURYH WKH H[LVWHQFH DQG WKH QDWXUH RI *RG )LQQLV FDOOHG 7KHFDVHLVVXSSRVHGWRVKRZWKDWWKHTXHVWLRQµZKLFKLVWKHUHDO$¶PDNHVQRVHQVH 0DUWLQ¶VDUJXPHQWVRQGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHµDVREVFXUHO\H[SRXQGHGDVDQ\ZHKDYHHYHU 6RPHZKDWODWHU0DUWLQDUJXHVXVLQJDK\SRWKHWLFDOZKLFKKHRZHGWR)OHZ WKDWWKH\FRXOG ERWKEH$IRUOLNHWZRDPRHEDHUHVXOWLQJIURPDFHOOGLYLVLRQ$FRXOGKDYHVSOLWLQWR%DQG HQFRXQWHUHG¶ V( (YHQLI)LQQLVKDGDSSOLHGWKLVFRPPHQWWRWKHZKROHFKDSWHU,ZRXOG KDYH IRXQG LW GLIILFXOW WR GLVDJUHH $ PRUH V\VWHPDWLF DUUDQJHPHQW RI 0DUWLQ¶V WKRXJKWV & )LQQLVKDVJLYHQXVDQLPSRUWDQWFOXHWR0DUWLQ¶VWKHRU\RIPHDQLQJE\KLJKOLJKWLQJ ZRXOGPDNHLWPXFKHDVLHUWRIROORZKLP SDVVDJHVRQSDJHV± V( ZKLFKLQFOXGHWKHVHQWHQFHµ:KDWZHFDQXQGHUVWDQGLVD SRVVLELOLW\¶7KDWLVLQGHHG0DUWLQ¶VWHVWIRUDVVHVVLQJWKHPHDQLQJFRKHUHQFHFRQVLVWHQF\ LThe resurrection of the dead DQGDSSOLFDELOLW\RIWKHFRQFHSWVZHXVHVRWKHRQO\OLPLWLVPHDQLQJIXOLPDJLQDELOLW\ $V D SUHOLPLQDU\ LVVXH 0DUWLQ UDLVHV WKH SUREOHP RI µLGHQWLW\ WKURXJK WLPH¶ DV LW DULVHV 6HHNLQJWKHDQVZHUWRWKHILUVW RI KLVTXHVWLRQV LV WKH ERG\WKHFKDLQ RILGHQWLW\" GXULQJRQH¶VOLIHWLPH ± 0DUWLQGUDZVRQ.DIND¶VVWRU\RIWKHPDQZKRFKDQJHGLQWRDQHQRUPRXVEHHWOHEXWUHWDLQHG :KDWPDNHVWKHPDQ-RKQ6PLWKLGHQWLFDOZLWKWKHER\RI\HDUVDJRDQGPRUH KLVµPHPRU\KRSHVORYHVDQGVHQVLWLYLW\¶7KHUHZDVVRKHVD\VDFKDQJHRIERG\LQWR JHQHUDOO\ZKDWGRHVSHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\FRQVLVWLQ",WVHHPVDVWKRXJKWKHUHPXVWEHVRPH DQRWKHUEXWµQRWWKDWRIRQHSHUVRQLQWRDQRWKHU¶ +HFRQFOXGHVµ7KHERG\WKHQDVWKH FKDLQZKLFKELQGVWRJHWKHUWKHSHUVRQRIWRGD\ZLWKWKHYHU\VDPHSHUVRQWRPRUURZ FKDLQRILGHQWLW\LVQRWQHFHVVDU\ ¶ %XWZKDWLVWKLVFKDLQ",VLWWKHERG\",VWKHSHUVRQFRQWLQXRXVRQO\LIWKHERG\LV 0DUWLQWKHQUDLVHVWKHVHFRQGTXHVWLRQµSHUKDSVWKHFKDLQLVWKDWRIPHPRU\DQGWKH FRQWLQXRXV"2UPXVWWKHUHEHDQH[DFWUHVHPEODQFHRUFRQWLQXLW\EHWZHHQWKHVRXODW FDSDFLWLHV RI PLQG DQG KHDUW¶ :KR ZRXOG QRW ZDQW WKH DQVZHU WR EH DIILUPDWLYH"$V RQHWLPHDQGWKHVRXODWDQRWKHU" 0DUWLQVD\Vµ6RPHWKLQJPXVWPDNHWKHPHPRU\DPHPRU\DQGJXDUDQWHHVHOILGHQWLW\DQGLW 6RPH\HDUVDIWHUWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRI0DUWLQ¶VERRNµSHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\¶EHFDPHRQHRIWKHPDLQ PXVWEHSUHVHQWLQWKHSHUVRQRUVRXOQRZ2XUYHU\ODQJXDJHVXJJHVWVWKLV2XUKRSHRIOLIH SUHRFFXSDWLRQVRIPRGHUQSKLORVRSK\ZULWLQJLQ-DPHV%DLOOLHOLVWHGDERXWERRNV DIWHUGHDWKLQVLVWVXSRQLW ¶ DQGDUWLFOHV ZKLFKZHUHSXEOLVKHGGXULQJWKHVVDQGHDUO\V %HFDXVHRI 7KLVILHOGKDGDOUHDG\EHHQXVHIXOO\SORXJKHGE\$QWRQ\)OHZZKRDUJXHGWKDWDNLQG WKHLU LPSRUWDQFH KH LQFOXGHG WKUHH WLWOHV ZKLFK SUHFHGHG WKH V An Essay Concerning RISV\FKRORJLFDODSSURDFKWRWKHTXHVWLRQRISHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\KDGILUVWEHHQGHYLVHGE\-RKQ Human Understanding E\-RKQ/RFNH µ2I3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\¶E\-RVHSK%XWOHU /RFNH)OHZZDVYHU\FULWLFDORI/RFNH¶VYLHZZKLFKKHVXPPHGXSDVIROORZVµ;DWWLPH DQGµ3HUVRQDO,GHQWLW\DQG,QGLYLGXDWLRQ¶E\%HUQDUG:LOOLDPV 7KHWZRSRVVLEOH WZRLVWKHsame personDV

,WLVPXFKHDVLHUWRLGHQWLI\WKHDQVZHUZKLFK0DUWLQJDYHWKDQLWLVWRXQGHUVWDQGWKH 0DUWLQ ZDUQV µ7KH LPDJLQDWLRQ FDQ SOD\ FRQFHSWXDO WULFNV¶ DQG JLYHV WKH H[DPSOH RI $ UHDVRQLQJZKLFKOHGKLPWRLW+RZHYHUWKDWPD\EHLQWKHHQG0DUWLQFRQFOXGHVWKDWWKHUHLV LPDJLQLQJRUGUHDPLQJWKDWKHLV%ZKLFKWR0DUWLQLVµUHDOO\DFRQIXVLRQ¶ QRFKDLQRILGHQWLW\RIDQ\NLQGZKLFKOLQNVWKHSDVWZLWKWKHSUHVHQWRUWKHIXWXUH $FFRUGLQJ WR 3HWHU *HDFK D &DWKROLF SKLORVRSKHU DQG OLNH +\ZHO 'DYLG /HZLV D :KHQZHVD\³,´ZHZDQWWRSRLQWWRVRPHWKLQJDQGQRWEHDEOHWRIDLO,WSRLQWVLQ EHOLHYHU WKHLGHDRIGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHLVVXSSRUWHGE\DQFLHQWDQGZHLJKW\DXWKRULW\ WKHSUHVHQWZLWKRXWIDLOZLWKRXWGDQJHURIFRQWUDGLFWLRQEXWQRZKHUHHOVH²QRWWR µ$TXLQDVIRUH[DPSOHEHOLHYHGWKDWWKHUHZHUHZKROO\GLVHPERGLHGLQWHOOLJHQFHVWKH WKHSDVWDQGQRWWRWKHIXWXUH HYLOVSLULWVLQKHOODUHWRUPHQWHGQRWE\DFKHVEXWE\WKHIUXVWUDWLRQRIWKHLUZLFNHGZLOO¶ 0DUWLQ PD\ WKXV EH GHVFULEHG DV DQ HDUO\ UHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI DQWLFULWHULDQLVP WKH YLHZ WKDW +RZHYHU *HDFK OLPLWV WKLV LGHD WR µ³LQWHOOHFWXDO´ DFWV OLNH MXGJPHQW¶ DQG UHIXVHV WR WKHUHLVQRFULWHULRQZKLFKLVFDSDEOHRIDFFRXQWLQJIRUDOOSUREOHPVRISHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\(ULF LQFOXGHµVHQVXRXVH[SHULHQFHV¶ µIHHOLQJVVHQVDWLRQVHPRWLRQV¶ µLIZHDUHLQYLWHGWRDSSO\ 2OVRQ KDV FKDUDFWHULVHG WKLV DSSURDFK DV IROORZV µ0HQWDO DQG SK\VLFDO FRQWLQXLW\ DUH >³VHQVXRXV´SV\FKRORJLFDOFRQFHSWV@WRDVXSSRVHGGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHZH PD\EHVXUH HYLGHQFHIRULGHQWLW\LWVD\VEXWGRQRWDOZD\VJXDUDQWHHLWDQGPD\QRWEHUHTXLUHG¶+H WKDWZHDUHULJKWLQUHIXVLQJWRSOD\WRRPDQ\WKUHDGVDUHEURNHQDQGWKHFRQFHSWXDOZHEKDV DGGVWKDWWKHDSSURDFKLVSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRGDQGGHVHUYHVPRUHDWWHQWLRQWKDQKDVEHHQJLYHQ FROODSVHG¶ 0DUWLQ TXRWHV *HDFK¶V FRPPHQW DW VRPH OHQJWK Q DGRSWV KLV WR LW VR IDU 0DUWLQ WUHDWV KLV FRQFOXVLRQ DV UHDGLO\ WUDQVIHUDEOH WR WKH SUREOHP RI GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ µLQWHOOHFWXDO¶ DQG µVHQVXRXV¶ H[SHULHQFHV FDOOV WKHP µDFWLYLWLHV DQG UHVXUUHFWLRQ ± SURFHVVHV¶ DQG UHIXVHV WR JLYH WKH GLVWLQFWLRQ DQ\ VLJQLILFDQFH LQ WKLV FRQWH[W ERWK DUH µORFDWDEOHSULPDULO\LQWHUPVRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶ ,QWHOOHFWXDODQGVHQVXRXVH[SHULHQFHV ,WLVZKHQRXURUGLQDU\FULWHULDIRUGHFLVLRQDVWRZKHWKHULWLVWKHVDPHSHUVRQDUH HLWKHUVXUYLYHGHDWKWRJHWKHURUWKH\SHULVKWRJHWKHU'XULQJOLIHWKH\DUHDWWDFKHGWRDOLYLQJ EURNHQ GRZQ DV LQ GHDWK WKDW ZH FU\ RXW IRU VRPH UHDOO\ XOWLPDWH FULWHULRQ WKDW LQGLYLGXDODµVHSDUDEOHLGHQWLILDEOHREVHUYDEOHRUJDQLVP¶ 7RZKDWDUHWKH\DWWDFKHG FRXOGQRWIDLO,ZDQWWREHsureWKDWVRPHRQHLQWKHQH[WOLIHZLOOKDYHDPHPRU\RI KDYLQJKLPVHOIGRQHZKDW,KDYHGRQHLQWKLVOLIH7KHUHmustEHVRPHWKLQJWKDWLV DIWHUZDUGV"0DUWLQVSHDNVRIµGLVHPERGLHGVSLULWV¶ ZKLFKVXJJHVWVWKDWKHKLPVHOIZDV FRQWLQXRXVDQGLGHQWLFDOLQWKLVOLIHWKDWZLOOVXUYLYHLQWRWKHQH[W,KDYHWULHGWR WKLQNLQJRIVRPHWKLQJWRZKLFKPHPRU\LVDWWDFKHG$QWRQ\)OHZKDGDVNHGZKHWKHUWKH\ VKRZ KRZ WKLV LQVLVWHQFH LV XOWLPDWHO\ SRLQWOHVV DQG LI WKH QRWLRQ RI SHUVRQDO PLJKWVXUYLYHLQXQDWWDFKHGIRUP VXUYLYDOUHVWVXSRQWKLVLQVLVWHQFHWKHQLWLVDOVRSRLQWOHVV )RUZKLOHLWLVLPPHGLDWHO\REYLRXVWKDWDSHUVRQLQWKHROGIDPLOLDUVHQVHDSHUVRQ LLThe disembodied state OLNHWKRVHZHPHHWLQWKHVWUHHWVFDQQRW ORJLFDOO\ VXUYLYHGLVVROXWLRQLWGRHVVHHP 7KDWOHDYHV0DUWLQZLWKWZRIXUWKHULVVXHVVXUYLYDOLQDGLVHPERGLHGVWDWHDQGWKHSURPLVHG DWILUVWVLJKWFRQFHLYDEOHWKDWDSHUVRQLQWKHVHQVHRIDVHULHVRIH[SHULHQFHVOLQNHG HQFRXQWHUZLWK*RGDIWHUUHVXUUHFWLRQ7KHTXHVWLRQµ&DQ PHQOLYHRQDIWHUGHDWKZLWKRXW WRJHWKHULQVRPHVXEWOHJDSLQGLIIHUHQW ZD\RULQWKHVHQVHRID³WKLQJZKLFKLV WKHLUERGLHV"¶ ZDV0DUWLQ¶VPDLQFRQFHUQLQWKLV&KDSWHU ± µ5HVXUUHFWLRQLV VHQVLEOHRUFRQVFLRXVRISOHDVXUHDQGSDLQFDSDEOHRIKDSSLQHVVRUPLVHU\´PLJKW VXUYLYHDQGEHWKHEHDUHURIUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUZKDWWKDWVDPHSHUVRQ LQDQHZDQG DORQJWLPH FRPLQJ DQG ,FRQFHUQHG P\VHOI SULPDULO\ZLWK WKHSRVVLELOLW\RIWKH VXSSRVHG UDWKHUSHFXOLDUVHQVH GLG³LQWKHERG\´7KHUHDUHDSSDOOLQJGLIILFXOWLHVLQWKHORJLF interimGLVHPERGLHGVWDWH¶+HIRXQGWKHGLIILFXOWLHVLQYROYHGLQWKLVSDUWRIKLVLQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI VXFK QHZ VHQVHV RI ³SHUVRQ´ DQG ³VDPH SHUVRQ´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µLW VSHFLDOLVHGLQGUHVVLQJXSLQFRUSRUHDOWKLQJVDQWKURSRPRUSKLFDOO\KHKDVDKXPDQVLJKJRLQJ LVQHYHUIDLUWREODPHQRUMXVWWRSXQLVKWKHSULVRQHULQWKHGRFNIRUPXUGHULQJKLVEULGHLQKHU LFHVNDWLQJDQGWZRSDUDOOHOOLQHVGLVDSSHDULQJLQWRWKHGLVWDQFHSURXGO\SURFODLPLQJWKDW EDWKXQOHVVWKHSULVRQHULVWKHVDPHSHUVRQDVKHZKRGLGWKHGHHG7KHVDPHLVHTXDOO\WUXH WKH\ZLOOQHYHUFURVV7KHUHVHHPVWREHOLWWOHZKLFKSKLORVRSKHUVDUHQRWZLOOLQJWRWDNH RI WKH DVFULSWLRQ RI UHVSRQVLELOLW\ DW WKH /DVW -XGJPHQW¶ 2QH ZRQGHUV ZKHWKHU WKLV REVHUYDWLRQ ZDV HFKRHG E\ 0DUWLQ ZKHQ KH PDGH WKH FRPPHQW UDWKHU VWUDQJH IRU DQ µ3HWHU*HDFK¶±The TelegraphRI-DQVHH XQEHOLHYHUWKDWWKHSUREOHPRIGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHLVQRWRQO\RIWKHRUHWLFDOEXWDOVRRI KWWSZZZWHOHJUDSKFRXNQHZVRELWXDULHV3HWHU*HDFKRELWXDU\KWPO! µSUDFWLFDO¶LQWHUHVW *HDFK3HWHU7KRPDVMental Acts /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH ± 2XWRIERG\ RU QHDUGHDWK H[SHULHQFHV KRYHULQJ DERYH DQG REVHUYLQJ RQH¶V RZQ 0DUWLQVSHDNVRIµWKRXJKWVMXGJPHQWVDQGGHFLVLRQV¶ 0DUWLQVSHDNVRIµVHHLQJKHDULQJIHHOLQJDIUDLGIHHOLQJKXQJU\DQGKDYLQJDSDLQ¶ ERG\ DUH0DUWLQ¶VVWDUWLQJSRLQW (YHQLIWKH\DUHQRWUHDOWKHUHSRUWVZHKDYHRIWKHP *HDFKDERYHQ±)RUTXRWDWLRQVIURP*HDFK,KDYHUHOLHGRQ0DUWLQ¶VWH[W PXVWVXUHO\DWOHDVWVKRZWKDWVXFKH[SHULHQFHVFDQEHPHDQLQJIXOO\LPDJLQHG+RZHYHU )OHZ/RFNHDERYHQ +HQU\3ULFHKDVGHILQHGWKLVFRQFHSWDVXVHGE\'DYLG+XPHµDJDSLQGLIIHUHQWVHULHVLVDVHULHVRI LPSUHVVLRQVVXFKWKDWWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIDJDSLQDQ\SDUWRILWGRHVQRWSUHYHQWWKHRWKHUSDUWVIURP 2OVRQDERYHQ RFFXUULQJLQWKHLUXVXDORUGHUDQGZLWKWKHLUXVXDOTXDOLWLHV¶±3ULFH+HQU\+DEEHUOH\Hume’s Theory 5HSO\WR'U5HQQLHLQ>@AUM of the External World 2[IRUG283 IRUIXUWKHUH[SODQDWLRQVHH&KDSWHU,,, SS± )OHZ/RFNHDERYHQ µEin Seufzer lief Schlittschuh auf nächtlichem Eis, und träumte von Liebe und Freude¶±Der Seufzer µZHPD\VWLOOIHHOWKDWQRDUJXPHQWFDQSURYHWREHXQWKLQNDEOHWKDWZKLFKZHFDQVRHDVLO\LPDJLQH VHH KWWSZZZJHGLFKWHOHYUDLGHJHGLFKWHBYRQPRUJHQVWHUQBFKULVWLDQBPRUJHQVWHUQBJHGLFKWHKWP! ¶ µEs gingen zwei Parallelen ins Endlose hinaus. Sie wollten sich nicht schneiden bis an ihr seliges The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

,WLVPXFKHDVLHUWRLGHQWLI\WKHDQVZHUZKLFK0DUWLQJDYHWKDQLWLVWRXQGHUVWDQGWKH 0DUWLQ ZDUQV µ7KH LPDJLQDWLRQ FDQ SOD\ FRQFHSWXDO WULFNV¶ DQG JLYHV WKH H[DPSOH RI $ UHDVRQLQJZKLFKOHGKLPWRLW+RZHYHUWKDWPD\EHLQWKHHQG0DUWLQFRQFOXGHVWKDWWKHUHLV LPDJLQLQJRUGUHDPLQJWKDWKHLV%ZKLFKWR0DUWLQLVµUHDOO\DFRQIXVLRQ¶ QRFKDLQRILGHQWLW\RIDQ\NLQGZKLFKOLQNVWKHSDVWZLWKWKHSUHVHQWRUWKHIXWXUH $FFRUGLQJ WR 3HWHU *HDFK D &DWKROLF SKLORVRSKHU DQG OLNH +\ZHO 'DYLG /HZLV D EHOLHYHUWKHLGHDRIGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHLVVXSSRUWHGE\DQFLHQWDQGZHLJKW\DXWKRULW\ :KHQZHVD\³,´ZHZDQWWRSRLQWWRVRPHWKLQJDQGQRWEHDEOHWRIDLO,WSRLQWVLQ WKHSUHVHQWZLWKRXWIDLOZLWKRXWGDQJHURIFRQWUDGLFWLRQEXWQRZKHUHHOVH²QRWWR µ$TXLQDVIRUH[DPSOHEHOLHYHGWKDWWKHUHZHUHZKROO\GLVHPERGLHGLQWHOOLJHQFHVWKH WKHSDVWDQGQRWWRWKHIXWXUH HYLOVSLULWVLQKHOODUHWRUPHQWHGQRWE\DFKHVEXWE\WKHIUXVWUDWLRQRIWKHLUZLFNHGZLOO¶ 0DUWLQ PD\ WKXV EH GHVFULEHG DV DQ HDUO\ UHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI DQWLFULWHULDQLVP WKH YLHZ WKDW +RZHYHU *HDFK OLPLWV WKLV LGHD WR µ³LQWHOOHFWXDO´ DFWV OLNH MXGJPHQW¶ DQG UHIXVHV WR WKHUHLVQRFULWHULRQZKLFKLVFDSDEOHRIDFFRXQWLQJIRUDOOSUREOHPVRISHUVRQDOLGHQWLW\(ULF LQFOXGHµVHQVXRXVH[SHULHQFHV¶ µIHHOLQJVVHQVDWLRQVHPRWLRQV¶ µLIZHDUHLQYLWHGWRDSSO\ 2OVRQ KDV FKDUDFWHULVHG WKLV DSSURDFK DV IROORZV µ0HQWDO DQG SK\VLFDO FRQWLQXLW\ DUH >³VHQVXRXV´SV\FKRORJLFDOFRQFHSWV@WRDVXSSRVHGGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHZH PD\EHVXUH HYLGHQFHIRULGHQWLW\LWVD\VEXWGRQRWDOZD\VJXDUDQWHHLWDQGPD\QRWEHUHTXLUHG¶+H WKDWZHDUHULJKWLQUHIXVLQJWRSOD\WRRPDQ\WKUHDGVDUHEURNHQDQGWKHFRQFHSWXDOZHEKDV DGGVWKDWWKHDSSURDFKLVSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRGDQGGHVHUYHVPRUHDWWHQWLRQWKDQKDVEHHQJLYHQ FROODSVHG¶ 0DUWLQ TXRWHV *HDFK¶V FRPPHQW DW VRPH OHQJWK Q DGRSWV KLV WR LW VR IDU 0DUWLQ WUHDWV KLV FRQFOXVLRQ DV UHDGLO\ WUDQVIHUDEOH WR WKH SUREOHP RI GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ µLQWHOOHFWXDO¶ DQG µVHQVXRXV¶ H[SHULHQFHV FDOOV WKHP µDFWLYLWLHV DQG UHVXUUHFWLRQ ± SURFHVVHV¶ DQG UHIXVHV WR JLYH WKH GLVWLQFWLRQ DQ\ VLJQLILFDQFH LQ WKLV FRQWH[W ERWK DUH µORFDWDEOHSULPDULO\LQWHUPVRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶ ,QWHOOHFWXDODQGVHQVXRXVH[SHULHQFHV ,WLVZKHQRXURUGLQDU\FULWHULDIRUGHFLVLRQDVWRZKHWKHULWLVWKHVDPHSHUVRQDUH HLWKHUVXUYLYHGHDWKWRJHWKHURUWKH\SHULVKWRJHWKHU'XULQJOLIHWKH\DUHDWWDFKHGWRDOLYLQJ EURNHQ GRZQ DV LQ GHDWK WKDW ZH FU\ RXW IRU VRPH UHDOO\ XOWLPDWH FULWHULRQ WKDW LQGLYLGXDODµVHSDUDEOHLGHQWLILDEOHREVHUYDEOHRUJDQLVP¶ 7RZKDWDUHWKH\DWWDFKHG FRXOGQRWIDLO,ZDQWWREHsureWKDWVRPHRQHLQWKHQH[WOLIHZLOOKDYHDPHPRU\RI KDYLQJKLPVHOIGRQHZKDW,KDYHGRQHLQWKLVOLIH7KHUHmustEHVRPHWKLQJWKDWLV DIWHUZDUGV"0DUWLQVSHDNVRIµGLVHPERGLHGVSLULWV¶ ZKLFKVXJJHVWVWKDWKHKLPVHOIZDV FRQWLQXRXVDQGLGHQWLFDOLQWKLVOLIHWKDWZLOOVXUYLYHLQWRWKHQH[W,KDYHWULHGWR WKLQNLQJRIVRPHWKLQJWRZKLFKPHPRU\LVDWWDFKHG$QWRQ\)OHZKDGDVNHGZKHWKHUWKH\ VKRZ KRZ WKLV LQVLVWHQFH LV XOWLPDWHO\ SRLQWOHVV DQG LI WKH QRWLRQ RI SHUVRQDO PLJKWVXUYLYHLQXQDWWDFKHGIRUP VXUYLYDOUHVWVXSRQWKLVLQVLVWHQFHWKHQLWLVDOVRSRLQWOHVV )RUZKLOHLWLVLPPHGLDWHO\REYLRXVWKDWDSHUVRQLQWKHROGIDPLOLDUVHQVHDSHUVRQ LLThe disembodied state OLNHWKRVHZHPHHWLQWKHVWUHHWVFDQQRW ORJLFDOO\ VXUYLYHGLVVROXWLRQLWGRHVVHHP 7KDWOHDYHV0DUWLQZLWKWZRIXUWKHULVVXHVVXUYLYDOLQDGLVHPERGLHGVWDWHDQGWKHSURPLVHG DWILUVWVLJKWFRQFHLYDEOHWKDWDSHUVRQLQWKHVHQVHRIDVHULHVRIH[SHULHQFHVOLQNHG HQFRXQWHUZLWK*RGDIWHUUHVXUUHFWLRQ7KHTXHVWLRQµ&DQ PHQOLYHRQDIWHUGHDWKZLWKRXW WRJHWKHULQVRPHVXEWOHJDSLQGLIIHUHQW ZD\RULQWKHVHQVHRID³WKLQJZKLFKLV WKHLUERGLHV"¶ ZDV0DUWLQ¶VPDLQFRQFHUQLQWKLV&KDSWHU ± µ5HVXUUHFWLRQLV VHQVLEOHRUFRQVFLRXVRISOHDVXUHDQGSDLQFDSDEOHRIKDSSLQHVVRUPLVHU\´PLJKW VXUYLYHDQGEHWKHEHDUHURIUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUZKDWWKDWVDPHSHUVRQ LQDQHZDQG DORQJWLPH FRPLQJ DQG ,FRQFHUQHG P\VHOI SULPDULO\ZLWK WKHSRVVLELOLW\RIWKH VXSSRVHG UDWKHUSHFXOLDUVHQVH GLG³LQWKHERG\´7KHUHDUHDSSDOOLQJGLIILFXOWLHVLQWKHORJLF interimGLVHPERGLHGVWDWH¶+HIRXQGWKHGLIILFXOWLHVLQYROYHGLQWKLVSDUWRIKLVLQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI VXFK QHZ VHQVHV RI ³SHUVRQ´ DQG ³VDPH SHUVRQ´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µLW VSHFLDOLVHGLQGUHVVLQJXSLQFRUSRUHDOWKLQJVDQWKURSRPRUSKLFDOO\KHKDVDKXPDQVLJKJRLQJ LVQHYHUIDLUWREODPHQRUMXVWWRSXQLVKWKHSULVRQHULQWKHGRFNIRUPXUGHULQJKLVEULGHLQKHU LFHVNDWLQJDQGWZRSDUDOOHOOLQHVGLVDSSHDULQJLQWRWKHGLVWDQFHSURXGO\SURFODLPLQJWKDW EDWKXQOHVVWKHSULVRQHULVWKHVDPHSHUVRQDVKHZKRGLGWKHGHHG7KHVDPHLVHTXDOO\WUXH WKH\ZLOOQHYHUFURVV7KHUHVHHPVWREHOLWWOHZKLFKSKLORVRSKHUVDUHQRWZLOOLQJWRWDNH RI WKH DVFULSWLRQ RI UHVSRQVLELOLW\ DW WKH /DVW -XGJPHQW¶ 2QH ZRQGHUV ZKHWKHU WKLV REVHUYDWLRQ ZDV HFKRHG E\ 0DUWLQ ZKHQ KH PDGH WKH FRPPHQW UDWKHU VWUDQJH IRU DQ µ3HWHU*HDFK¶±The TelegraphRI-DQVHH XQEHOLHYHUWKDWWKHSUREOHPRIGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHLVQRWRQO\RIWKHRUHWLFDOEXWDOVRRI KWWSZZZWHOHJUDSKFRXNQHZVRELWXDULHV3HWHU*HDFKRELWXDU\KWPO! µSUDFWLFDO¶LQWHUHVW *HDFK3HWHU7KRPDVMental Acts /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH ± 2XWRIERG\ RU QHDUGHDWK H[SHULHQFHV KRYHULQJ DERYH DQG REVHUYLQJ RQH¶V RZQ 0DUWLQVSHDNVRIµWKRXJKWVMXGJPHQWVDQGGHFLVLRQV¶ 0DUWLQVSHDNVRIµVHHLQJKHDULQJIHHOLQJDIUDLGIHHOLQJKXQJU\DQGKDYLQJDSDLQ¶ ERG\ DUH0DUWLQ¶VVWDUWLQJSRLQW (YHQLIWKH\DUHQRWUHDOWKHUHSRUWVZHKDYHRIWKHP *HDFKDERYHQ±)RUTXRWDWLRQVIURP*HDFK,KDYHUHOLHGRQ0DUWLQ¶VWH[W PXVWVXUHO\DWOHDVWVKRZWKDWVXFKH[SHULHQFHVFDQEHPHDQLQJIXOO\LPDJLQHG+RZHYHU )OHZ/RFNHDERYHQ +HQU\3ULFHKDVGHILQHGWKLVFRQFHSWDVXVHGE\'DYLG+XPHµDJDSLQGLIIHUHQWVHULHVLVDVHULHVRI LPSUHVVLRQVVXFKWKDWWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIDJDSLQDQ\SDUWRILWGRHVQRWSUHYHQWWKHRWKHUSDUWVIURP 2OVRQDERYHQ RFFXUULQJLQWKHLUXVXDORUGHUDQGZLWKWKHLUXVXDOTXDOLWLHV¶±3ULFH+HQU\+DEEHUOH\Hume’s Theory 5HSO\WR'U5HQQLHLQ>@AUM of the External World 2[IRUG283 IRUIXUWKHUH[SODQDWLRQVHH&KDSWHU,,, SS± )OHZ/RFNHDERYHQ µEin Seufzer lief Schlittschuh auf nächtlichem Eis, und träumte von Liebe und Freude¶±Der Seufzer µZHPD\VWLOOIHHOWKDWQRDUJXPHQWFDQSURYHWREHXQWKLQNDEOHWKDWZKLFKZHFDQVRHDVLO\LPDJLQH VHH KWWSZZZJHGLFKWHOHYUDLGHJHGLFKWHBYRQPRUJHQVWHUQBFKULVWLDQBPRUJHQVWHUQBJHGLFKWHKWP! ¶ µEs gingen zwei Parallelen ins Endlose hinaus. Sie wollten sich nicht schneiden bis an ihr seliges The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VHULRXVO\ )OHZ¶V LGHD LV VR DEVXUG WKDW RQH FDQ RQO\ DGPLUH 0DUWLQ IRU KDYLQJ WDNHQ XS ,FDQQRWWHOOZKHWKHU.QLJKW¶VH[SODQDWLRQVDUHDXWKHQWLFEXWRQHFDQDWOHDVWKRSHWKDWWKH\ )OHZ¶V FKDOOHQJH DQG KDYLQJ PDGH VXFK DQ KRQHVW DWWHPSW WR HVWDEOLVK ZKDW WKLV SHFXOLDU ZLOOVHUYHDVDZLQGRZWRDZRUOGRIFRQFHSWVZKLFKLVIRUHLJQWRPDQ\0RUHRYHURQHFDQ FRQFHSWRIµSHUVRQ¶FRXOGSRVVLEO\PHDQ RQO\ DWWHPSW WR UHVWDWH )LQQLV QRW WHVW ZKHWKHU KLV H[SODQDWLRQ DFFRUGHG ZLWK WKHRORJLFDO ,VKDOOH[FXVHP\VHOIIURPIROORZLQJLQGHWDLOWKHUHDVRQLQJZKLFKOHG0DUWLQWRUHMHFW WHDFKLQJDVLWZDVLQ0DUWLQVR)LQQLVH[SODLQVDVVXPHGZURQJO\WKDWWKHWKHRORJLFDO WKHLGHD6XIILFHLWWRVD\WKDWLWDOOIRXQGHUHGHYHQWXDOO\RQWKHURFNRI0DUWLQ¶VXQVKDNDEOH QRWLRQ RI SHUVRQDO VXUYLYDO LPSOLHG WKDW µVRPHWKLQJ¶ VXUYLYHG GHDWK 4XLWH DSDUW IURP UHTXLUHPHQWRIµLQGLYLGXDWLRQ¶:KHWKHURQHWKLQNVRIDVLQJOHXQDWWDFKHGH[SHULHQFHRURID TXHVWLRQVRIUHYHODWLRQVR)LQQLVVD\VWKDWQRWLRQIORZVIURPWKHIDFWWKDWWKHµILUVWDFW¶RI ZKROH XQDWWDFKHG JDSLQGLIIHUHQW VHULHV RI WKHP WKH\ FDQQRW EH µORFDWHG¶ LQ D ZD\ WKHKXPDQSHUVRQLVDQLPPDWHULDOVXEVWDQFHZKLFKDFFRUGLQJWRUDWLRQDOSV\FKRORJ\LVLQ ZKLFKPDNHVWKHPGLIIHUHQWIURPLGHQWLFDOH[SHULHQFHVZKLFKZHUHKDGE\RWKHULQGLYLGXDOV WXUQ EDVHG XSRQ WKH µRUJDQLF HQHUJ\ RI PDQ WRJHWKHU ZLWK KLV DELOLW\ WR IRUP DEVWUDFW µ$Q DIWHUOLIH RI TXDOLWDWLYHO\ VLPLODU H[SHULHQFHV PD\ DV ZHOO EH VDLG WR EH VROLSVLVWLF DV FRQFHSWV¶0DUWLQDOVRZURQJO\DVVXPHGWKDWWKHRORJLDQVFRQVLGHUDSHUVRQDQGKLVVRXOWREH SOXUDOLVWLF ¶ LGHQWLFDO ZKLFK QR WKHRORJLDQ GRHV DQG DVVXPHG IXUWKHU ZLWKRXW VXSSRUWLQJ DUJXPHQW WKDW 7KH PDLQWKUXVWRI)LQQLV¶VDWWDFNRQ0DUWLQ¶VDUJXPHQWDWLRQLVDEULHIGLVVHUWDWLRQ WKHUHLVQRWKLQJDERXWDSHUVRQZKLFKVXUYLYHVFKDQJHper accidens0DUWLQDOVRFRQIXVHG FRQFHUQLQJ WKH QDWXUH RI WKH VRXO DV VHHQ E\ WKHRORJLDQV 0DUWLQ KDG ZRUNHG ZLWK DQ LGHQWLW\ DQG LGHQWLILDELOLW\ WKHRORJLDQV PLJKW DJUHH WKDW QHLWKHU DQ LQGLYLGXDO¶V ERG\ µWKH HPSLULFLVWFRQFHSWRIWKHKXPDQVRXO µPHPRU\DQGWKHFDSDFLWLHVRIPLQGDQGKHDUW¶ DQG FRQWLQXLW\RIWKHERG\¶ QRU0DUWLQ¶VHPSLULFLVWYHUVLRQRIWKHVRXOLVLGHQWLILDEOHDIWHUGHDWK KDG IRXQG WKDW DV D FRQFHSWXDO YHKLFOH IRU VXUYLYDO DIWHU GHDWK LW IDLOHG WKH WHVW RI EXW WKDW KDV QR HIIHFW RQ LGHQWLW\ IRU WKH µLPPDWHULDO EXW VXEVWDQWLDO KXPDQ VRXO¶ LV µWKH LQGLYLGXDWLRQDQGWKXVPHDQLQJIXOQHVV+HKDGIRXQGWKHVRXO¶V&KULVWLDQFRXQWHUSDUWHYHQ IRXQGDWLRQ RI SHUVRQDO LGHQWLW\¶ V( 0DUWLQ KDG LJQRUHG µWKH WKHRORJLFDO GLVWLQFWLRQ OHVV SURPLVLQJ µ7KH VXJJHVWLRQ WKDW WKH FRQFHSW ³VRXO´ PD\ EH HPSOR\HG WR SURYLGH D EHWZHHQ WKH VRXO¶V LQWULQVLF LQGHSHQGHQFH RI WKH ERG\ DQG LWV H[WULQVLF GHSHQGHQFH RQ WKH SULQFLSOHRILQGLYLGXDWLRQUHTXLUHVWKDWWKLVFRQFHSWEHJLYHQFRQWHQW,GRQRWVHHDQ\ZD\RI ERG\¶:KHQ0DUWLQFODLPHGWKDWQRRQHFDQEHLGHQWLILHGLQDGLVHPERGLHGVWDWHKHKDG GRLQJ WKLV ¶7KLV DFFRUGLQJ WR)LQQLVZDVFRQWUDU\WR0DUWLQ¶VRZQSODQ ZKLFKKDG DVVXPHG FRQWUDU\ WR WKHRORJ\ WKDW *RG OLNH PDQ cannot GLUHFWO\ NQRZ LPPDWHULDO EHHQµWRH[DPLQHFHUWDLQNH\WKHRORJLFDOFRQFHSWV¶ 0DUWLQKDGIDLOHGWRGRVRLQUHODWLRQ VXEVWDQFH WKHVRXOEHLQJDVXEVWDQFH WRµVXUYLYDO¶DQGµVRXO¶DVVHHQE\WKHRORJLDQVDQGKDGODERXUHGXQGHUWRRPDQ\VLPSOLVWLF )LQQLV¶VH[SODQDWLRQWDNHVDQXPEHURIIRUPV7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWRIWKHVHVHHPVWR DVVXPSWLRQVDQGPLVFRQFHSWLRQV V( EHµ7KHRORJLDQVFODLPWKDWWKHVRXOLVDQDFWDQGOLNHDOODFWLVQRWGLUHFWO\NQRZQWRXVEXW )LQQLV¶VYLHZVDUHOLNHO\WRKDYHEHHQEDVHGRQWKHWHDFKLQJVRI$TXLQDVZKLFKKDYH LVWREHLQIHUUHGIURPLWVHIIHFWV V( ¶7KHPHDQLQJRIµDFW¶LQWKLVFRQWH[WLVKDUGO\VHOI EHHQVXPPHGXSEULHIO\LQWKHUHVSHFWVUHOHYDQWKHUHLQDSDVVDJHIURPNew AdventEDVHGRQ H[SODQDWRU\7KH2('PHQWLRQVµDFWLYHSULQFLSOH¶DVDQREVROHWHPHDQLQJRIWKHQRXQµDFW¶ DQXPEHURIVRXUFHVVHOHFWHGDQGHGLWHGE\.HYLQ.QLJKW WKHUDWLRQDOVRXOZKLFKLVRQHZLWKWKHVHQVLWLYHDQGYHJHWDWLYHSULQFLSOHLVWKHIRUP µ)LUVWDFW¶DFRQFHSWFRLQHGRUDWOHDVWXVHGE\/RQHUJDQILWVLQWRDSXUHO\VHFXODUZRUOGYLHZ RIWKHERG\7KLVZDVGHILQHGDVRIIDLWKE\WKH&RXQFLORI9LHQQHRI GHSHQGLQJRQWKHFRQWH[WLQZKLFKLWLVXVHG6WHEELQVKDVJLYHQWKHIROORZLQJH[DPSOHµ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¶±6WHEELQV0LFKDHOThe Divine WKRXJK FRQQDWXUDOO\ UHODWHG WR WKH ERG\ LW LV LWVHOI DEVROXWHO\VLPSOHLHRIDQ InitiativeVHH KWWSZZZORQHUJDQDWSKLORGDW[[[SKS",' ! XQH[WHQGHG DQG VSLULWXDO QDWXUH ,W LV QRW ZKROO\ LPPHUVHG LQ PDWWHU LWV KLJKHU µ$VFKRODVWLFWHUPIRUWKHDFFLGHQWVSRVVHVVHGE\DVXEVWDQFHRUIRUWKHQRQHVVHQWLDOSURSHUWLHVZKLFK DWKLQJKDVEXWZKLFKLWPD\ORVHZLWKRXWFKDQJLQJLWVQDWXUH$per accidensSUHGLFDWLRQLVD RSHUDWLRQVEHLQJLQWULQVLFDOO\LQGHSHQGHQWRIWKHRUJDQLVP SUHGLFDWLRQLQZKLFKDQDFFLGHQWLVSUHGLFDWHGRIDVXEVWDQFH$per accidensWKLQJLVHLWKHUDQDFFLGHQW WKHUDWLRQDOVRXOLVSURGXFHGE\VSHFLDOFUHDWLRQDWWKHPRPHQWZKHQWKHRUJDQLVPLV RUDFRPSRVLWHRIDVXEVWDQFHDQGDQDFFLGHQWPer accidensFRQWUDVWVZLWKper se /DWLQE\LWVHOI VXIILFLHQWO\GHYHORSHGWRUHFHLYHLW,QWKHILUVWVWDJHRIHPEU\RQLFGHYHORSPHQWWKH ZKLFKLVDVXEVWDQFHLWVHOIRULVWKHHVVHQWLDOSURSHUW\WKDWDWKLQJSRVVHVVHVDQGFDQQRWORVHZLWKRXW YLWDOSULQFLSOHKDVPHUHO\YHJHWDWLYHSRZHUVWKHQDVHQVLWLYHVRXOFRPHVLQWREHLQJ FKDQJLQJLWVQDWXUH,QVFKRODVWLFSKLORVRSK\*RGDORQHLVDEHLQJSHUVHLQWKHDEVROXWHVHQVHIRU HGXFHGIURPWKHHYROYLQJSRWHQFLHVRIWKHRUJDQLVP²ODWHU\HWWKLVLVUHSODFHGE\ DQ\WKLQJHOVHZLOOKDYHWRGHSHQGRQ*RGIRUH[LVWHQFH6RPHWLPHVper sePHDQVZKDWLVGLUHFWO\ LQWHQGHGLQDQDFWLRQZKLOHper accidensLVDUHVXOWWKDWLVQRWGLUHFWO\LQWHQGHG³$OOWKDWH[LVWVRI WKHSHUIHFWUDWLRQDOVRXOZKLFKLVHVVHQWLDOO\LPPDWHULDODQGVRSRVWXODWHVDVSHFLDO DQRWKHU quod est per accidens FRPHVEDFNWRZKDWH[LVWVRILWVHOI quod est per se ´$TXLQDVSumma FUHDWLYH DFW 0DQ\ PRGHUQ WKHRORJLDQV KDYH DEDQGRQHG WKLV ODVW SRLQW RI 6W Theologiae¶±VHHµper accidens’The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy.%XQQLQ1LFKRODV 7KRPDV VWHDFKLQJDQGPDLQWDLQWKDWDIXOO\UDWLRQDOVRXOLVLQIXVHGLQWRWKHHPEU\R DQG

DQGWKLVLVZKDW)LQQLVVHHPVWRKDYHKDGLQPLQGIRUKHODWHUVWDWHVWKDWµWKHWKHRORJLFDO EHSHUFHLYHGE\WKHVHQVHVRULQFRQVFLRXVQHVV´¶+RZDUJXLQJZLWKLQVXFKGLIIHUHQWZRUOG FRQFHSWRI³VRXO´LVDQLPPDQHQWSULQFLSOHQRWWREHLGHQWLILHGZLWKWKHZKROH³SHUVRQ´RU YLHZVLVERXQGWROHDGWRFRQIOLFWLQJUHVXOWVLVQHDWO\H[HPSOLILHGE\)LQQLV¶VFRPPHQWVRQ ³LQGLYLGXDO´¶ V( ,WLVGLIILFXOWWRVHHKRZVRPHWKLQJZKLFKLVDSULQFLSOHFDQDWWKHVDPH 0DUWLQ¶V VXSSRVHG IDLOXUH WR GLVWLQJXLVK EHWZHHQ LGHQWLW\ DQG LGHQWLILDELOLW\ VHH DERYH DW WLPH EH D VXEVWDQFH EXW µVXEVWDQFH¶ OLNH SULQFLSOH LV D FRPSOH[ WKHRORJLFDO FRQFHSW Q 7KHGLIILFXOWLHVLQGLVFHUQLQJWKHQDWXUHRIERG\DQGVRXODIWHUGHDWKJRHVWRLGHQWLW\ ZKLFK VLJQLILHVQRWRQO\WKLQJVFRUSRUHDOEXWDOVRWKLQJVLQFRUSRUHDO7DNLQJLW RQO\LQWKH IRU0DUWLQDQGWRLGHQWLILDELOLW\IRU)LQQLV8QGHUWKHVHFLUFXPVWDQFHVGHFODULQJRQHRUWKH FRUSRUHDOVHQVHFDQOHDGWRJURWHVTXHHYHQWVOLNHWKHH[SHULPHQWVFRQGXFWHGE\'U'XQFDQ RWKHUWKHZLQQHURIWKHGHEDWHZRXOGEHIXWLOHDQGLQDSSURSULDWH 0DFGRXJDOOLQZKLFKZHUHLQWHQGHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHZHLJKWRIWKHVRXO $WDQ\UDWH LLLThe revelation of the existence and the nature of God ZKHQ)LQQLVFDOOVWKHVRXODQµLPPDQHQWSULQFLSOH¶QHZFRPSOH[LWLHVDULVHIRUWKH2('¶V &KDSWHU6L[FRQFOXGHVZLWKWKHHQTXLU\ZKHWKHUWKHH[LVWHQFHDQGWKHQDWXUHRI*RGZLOOEH µDFWLYH¶ GLIILFXOW LQ LWVHOI KDV EHHQ UHSODFHG E\ µLPPDQHQW¶ 7KH 2(' HTXDWHV WKDW ZLWK UHYHDOHGDQGSURYHGWRXVLQRXUDIWHUOLIH 0DUWLQEHJLQVE\TXRWLQJIURP6W3DXO¶V µLQKHUHQW¶ EXW ZKHQ UHDG DV D WKHRORJLFDO FRQFHSW LW FDUULHV KHDY\ SKLORVRSKLFDO DQG )LUVW(SLVWOHWRWKH&RULQWKLDQVµ)RUQRZZHVHHWKURXJKDJODVVGDUNO\EXWWKHQIDFHWR WKHRORJLFDOEDJJDJH,WVHHPVWKDW)LQQLVZDVGHWHUPLQHGWRWKURZDVPXFKDVKHFRXOGDW IDFH QRZ , NQRZ LQ SDUW EXW WKHQ VKDOO , NQRZ HYHQ DV DOVR , DP NQRZQ ¶ +H 0DUWLQDQGXQDYRLGDEO\DOVRDWKLVUHDGHUV SDUDSKUDVHV WKLV DV IROORZV µZH VKDOO KDYH NQRZOHGJH RI *RG E\ PHDQV RI D NLQG RI 7KHSKLORVRSKLFDOGHEDWHDERXWµLGHQWLW\WKURXJKWLPH¶KDGVWDUWHGZLWK-RKQ/RFNH LQWURGXFWLRQ ¶ )LQQLV FRQVLGHUVWKLV DQGWKUHH RWKHURI 0DUWLQ¶V SDUDSKUDVHVµJUDYH DQG KDG PRUH UHFHQWO\ EHHQ FDUULHG IRUZDUG E\ $QWRQ\ )OHZ DQG %HUQDUG :LOOLDPV KHUHVLHV¶ V( DQ DFFXVDWLRQ ZKLFK , FDQQRW WHVW )LQQLV¶VFULWLFLVP RI WKH SKLORVRSKLFDO 0DUWLQ¶V&KDSWHU6L[ZDVDQDWWHPSWWRDGYDQFHWKHGHEDWHDQGWKHQWRDSSO\KLVILQGLQJVWR DVSHFWV RI 0DUWLQ¶V DGPLWWHGO\ XQV\VWHPDWLF DQG FRQIXVLQJ DQDO\VLV LV WRR EULHI WR KHOS XV WKHSUREOHPRIGLVHPERGLHGH[LVWHQFHDQGUHVXUUHFWLRQ)LQQLVPDGHQRDWWHPSWWREX\LQWR XQGHUVWDQGZKDW0DUWLQLVWU\LQJWRWHOOXV WKLV GHEDWH SHUKDSV EHFDXVH LW ZDV VR XWWHUO\ LQFRPSDWLEOH ZLWK WKH &DWKROLF WKHRORJLFDO 0DUWLQ ZDQWV XV WR PDNH WKH DVVXPSWLRQ µWKDW WKH VXSSRVLWLRQ RI DQ DIWHUOLIH LV D WUDGLWLRQ ZKLFK KH KDG HPEUDFHG :KHQ KH VWDWHV WKDW µD GLVHPERGLHG VRXO LV praeter PHDQLQJIXORQH¶ 5HWXUQLQJWRWKHWKHPHRI&KDSWHU7ZRKHDVNVµ+RZGRZHFRPHWR naturam DQ LQFRPSOHWH VSHFLHV¶ KH XQGHUOLQHV WKH IDFW WKDW KH DQG 0DUWLQ ZHUH PRYLQJ NQRZRI*RGLQWKLVZRUOG "¶%HOLHYHUVVRKHVD\VILQGWKHDQVZHULQELEOLFDOSDVVDJHV ZLWKLQGLIIHUHQWFRQFHSWXDOIUDPHZRUNV0DUWLQZDVDQHPSLULFLVW$V)LQQLVREVHUYHVµ'U VXFKDVµ7KHKHDYHQVGHFODUHWKHJORU\RI*RGDQGWKHILUPDPHQWVKRZHWKKLVKDQGLZRUN 0DUWLQ¶VZKROHDUJXPHQWUHVWVRQWKH FRQFHDOHG GRJPDWKDW³RQO\WKDWH[LVWVZKLFKFDQ ¶:KRZRXOGQRWEHRYHUZKHOPHGE\WKHPDJQLILFHQFHRIWKHILUPDPHQW"+RZHYHU &KDSWHU7ZRKDVDOUHDG\LQIRUPHGXVWKDWDUDWLRQDOLVWVXEVWLWXWHIRUWKHELEOLFDOYLHZLVDOO .HYLQ.QLJKWLQNew AdventKDVDWWHPSWHGWKHIROORZLQJH[SODQDWLRQµVXEVWDQFHLVHLWKHUFRPSOHWH WKDWZHFDQPHDQLQJIXOO\HPEUDFH HJPDQRULQFRPSOHWHHJWKHVRXOZKLFKWKRXJKSRVVHVVLQJH[LVWHQFHLQLWVHOILVXQLWHGZLWKWKH ERG\WRIRUPWKHVSHFLILFDOO\FRPSOHWHKXPDQEHLQJ7KHSULQFLSDOGLYLVLRQKRZHYHULVWKDWEHWZHHQ 0DUWLQ¶V UDWKHU SUREOHPDWLFDO DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW µDIWHUOLIH¶ LV PHDQLQJIXO KDV RI PDWHULDOVXEVWDQFH DOOFRUSRUHDOWKLQJV DQGVSLULWXDOVXEVWDQFHLHWKHVRXODQGWKHDQJHOLFVSLULWV FRXUVHWUDQVSRUWHGXVLQWRDQRWKHUGLPHQVLRQDQGWKHTXHVWLRQEHFRPHVµ+RZGRDVVXPHG 7KHODWWHUDUHRIWHQFDOOHGsubstantiœ separatœWRVLJQLI\WKDWWKH\DUHVHSDUDWHIURPPDWWHULHQHLWKHU DFWXDOO\FRQMRLQHGZLWKDPDWHULDORUJDQLVPQRUUHTXLULQJVXFKXQLRQDVWKHQDWXUDOFRPSOHPHQWRI UHVXUUHFWHGLQGLYLGXDOVFRPHWRNQRZRI*RGLQWKHRWKHUZRUOG"¶$JDLQEHOLHYHUVILQGWKH WKHLUEHLQJ 6W7KRPDV&RQWUD*HQWHV,,VTT ¶±VHH DQVZHULQWKHEHDWLILFYLVLRQ0DUWLQ¶VDUJXPHQWUXQVDVIROORZV µ,WLVWUXHWKDWZH³FDQ KWWSZZZQHZDGYHQWRUJFDWKHQFKWP!&RQFHUQLQJµVXEVWDQFH¶DVVSKLORVRSKLFDOFRQFHSW EHQREHWWHURIIDQGcouldEHQREHWWHURIIWKDQZHDUH>QRZ@IRUreallyILQGLQJ*RG´LIE\ VHHWKHHQWU\LQWKHStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy± KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGXHQWULHVVXEVWDQFH+RZ6XE'LV7KL2WK&DW! WKLVZHPHDQILQGLQJRUORFDWLQJDVRPHWKLQJRUVRPHERG\WKDWFDQEHFDOOHG*RG¶,QRWKHU 5HSRUWHGLQWKHNew York TimesRQ0DUFK±VHH KWWSTXHU\Q\WLPHVFRPPHPDUFKLYH ZRUGV ZH FDQQRW PHDQLQJIXOO\ SUHGLFDWH RI WKH DVVXPHG UHVXUUHFWHG LQGLYLGXDOV WKDW WKH\ IUHHSGI"UHV '('&(($&$&'&)! ZLOOKDYHDYDLODEOHDVXSHULRUVHWRIFRQFHSWVWRKHOSWKHPXQGHUVWDQGZKDWLWZLOOEHOLNHWR ,I,DPDOORZHGWRFDVWDQRWKHUJOLPSVHLQWRWKHZRUOGRISKLORVRSK\DQGWKHRORJ\DVVHHQE\.HYLQ .QLJKWKHH[SODLQVWKDWLI*RGGLGQRWFUHDWHWKHZRUOGLQRQHDFWDV6W$XJXVWLQHPDLQWDLQHGKH ILQG *RG +H FRQFHGHV WKDW LQ WKH QH[W OLIH WKH VLJQDOV ZLOO EH VWURQJHU µUHZDUG DQG ZRXOGKDYHFUHDWHGµJHUPLQDOFDSDFLWLHVDFFRUGLQJWRZKLFKK\SRWKHVLV*RGPXVWKDYHGHSRVLWHGLQ SXQLVKPHQWZLOOEHPHWHGRXWZLWKSHUIHFWPHUF\DQGMXVWLFH ¶WKHIHHOLQJZKLFKDOORI QDWXUHHQHUJLHVRIDGHWHUPLQDWHVRUWWKHHYROXWLRQRIZKLFKDWIDYRXUDEOHMXQFWXUHVRIWLPHZRXOG RUJDQLVHWKHXQLYHUVH¶.QLJKWFRQWLQXHV XV VRPHWLPHV KDYH RI EHLQJ µLQ WKH JULS RI D KLJKHU SRZHU¶ WKDW ZLOO EH µLQHVFDSDEOH DQG µ7KLVRUJDQL]DWLRQZRXOGEHGXHWRDQLPPDQHQWGHYHORSPHQWLQGHHGEXWRQHSURFHHGLQJXQGHU XQLYHUVDO¶ WKHHDUWKO\LQGLFDWRUVRIWKHµSUHVHQFHRI*RGDQGWKHZRUNRIWKH'HYLOLQ H[WHUQDOLQIOXHQFHV7KXVGLGSODQWVDQLPDOVDQGPHQDSSHDULQVXFFHVVLRQWKRXJKWKHUHFRXOGEHQR RXUVHOYHV¶ZLOOEHVWURQJHU +RZHYHUDOWKRXJKµ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µEHDWLILFYLVLRQ¶ SUHVVXUHRIH[SHULHQFH¶±VHH KWWSZZZQHZDGYHQWRUJFDWKHQDKWP! *RGLVKLGGHQEHKLQGDYHLORUFORVHGGRRU*RGZLOOEHNQRZQE\VLJQV0HQZLOOIHHOµLQWKHJULSRID :LOOLDPVDERYHQ:LOOLDPV¶LPSUHVVLYHDQDO\VLVVKRZVWKDWSKLORVRSKLFDODQDO\VLVDQGFRPPRQ KLJKHUSRZHU¶ V( VHQVHGRQRWKDYHWRGLYHUJH0DUWLQGRHVQRWPHQWLRQWKLVDUWLFOH,PSRUWDQWO\:LOOLDPVHQULFKHGWKH 3VDOP GHEDWHE\YLHZLQJWKHSUREOHPIURPLQVLGHWKHLQGLYLGXDOUDWKHUWKDQMXVWIURPWKHYLHZRIWKHREVHUYHU 7KHFODULI\LQJµQRZ¶KDVEHHQWDNHQIURP0DUWLQ¶VYHU\VLPLODUHDUOLHUUHPDUNµ>7KHWKHRORJLDQ@ ZKLFK)OHZDQG0DUWLQKDGGRQH VPLOHVDVZHUHPDUNWKDWZHZLOODQGFRXOGEHQREHWWHURIIWKHQWKDQQRZIRUWKLVVRUWRIWKLQJ 0DUWLQ¶VEHOLHILQ+XPHDQHPSLULFLVPZDVKDUGO\FRQFHDOHGIRUKHKDGPDGHLWFOHDUHQRXJKLQKLV ¶ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

³H[LVWHQFH´ RI *RG WKDQ GRHV WKLV OLIH LW FDQQRW HVWDEOLVK LW GLIIHUHQWO\ ¶ , MR\VDQGORYHVWKHRFFDVLRQDOZLVGRPDQGWKHSRZHUWRFUHDWHEHDXW\ZKLFKKDYHJLYHQYDOXH DVVXPHWKDWWKLVUDWKHUFU\SWLFVWDWHPHQWPHDQVWKDWHYHQWKHH[SHFWHGVWURQJHUVLJQDOVZLOO WR KXPDQ OLIH¶ &OHUJ\PHQ OLNH -RKQ &ROOLQV D FDQRQ RI 6W 3DXO¶V &DWKHGUDO IHDWXUHG KDYHWREHLQWHUSUHWHGZLWKWKHKHOSRIQRWKLQJPRUHWKDQRXURZQLQDGHTXDWHFRQFHSWVDQG SURPLQHQWO\ LQ WKH &1' )LYH (QJOLVK 5RPDQ &DWKROLF WKLQNHUV SOHDGHG IRU XQLODWHUDO H[SHULHQFHV DQG ZLOO WKXV IDLO WR PDNH µIDFHWRIDFH NQRZOHGJH RI *RG¶ D PHDQLQJIXO QXFOHDU GLVDUPDPHQW LQ Nuclear Weapons and Christian Conscience D ERRN SXEOLVKHG LQ VLJQSRVW /RQGRQ LQ $XVWUDOLD KDG QR SODQV WR DFTXLUH QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV RU WR EXLOG DWRPLF ,Q&KDSWHU)RXU0DUWLQKDGGHVFULEHG*RGDVµWKHHWHUQDODOOJRRGDOONQRZLQJDOO SRZHU SODQWV EXW ZDV QHYHUWKHOHVV LQYROYHG IRU WKH H[SORLWDWLRQ RI $XVWUDOLD¶V PDVVLYH SRZHUIXOFUHDWRURIDOOWKLQJV¶ DQG&KDSWHU)LYHKDGFRQFHGHGWKHSRVVLELOLW\WKDW*RG XUDQLXPGHSRVLWVE\PLQLQJDQGH[SRUWDWLRQKDGVWDUWHGLQ0RUHRYHUGXULQJWR PLJKWH[LVW1RZLQGHDOLQJZLWKWKHEHDWLILFYLVLRQ0DUWLQFRPHVYHU\FORVHWRGHFODULQJ VHYHQ%ULWLVKQXFOHDUWHVWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWLQWKH:RRPHUD3URKLELWHG$UHDRI6RXWK WKH*RGFRQFHSWLWVHOIPHDQLQJOHVVµ,IZHKDYHnoLGHDRIZKDWLWZRXOGEHOLNHWRILQGD $XVWUDOLD WKLQJ >µVRPHWKLQJ RU VRPHERG\ WKDW FDQ EH FDOOHG *RG¶ @ ZH WKHQ KDYH JLYHQ QR ,Q-XQH)LQQLVKDGSXEOLVKHGDQDUWLFOHLQOn DitFRQGHPQLQJWKHPDMRUSRZHUV PHDQLQJWRVD\LQJLWLVKLGGHQ ¶3HUKDSVKHZDVGULYHQWRWKLVH[WUHPHE\GLIILFXOWLHV IRUWKHLUIDLOXUHWRQHJRWLDWHWKHUHQXQFLDWLRQRIQXFOHDUZHDSRQV VHHDERYH,' 7ZR\HDUV ZLWK6W3DXO¶VµHYHQDVDOVR,DPNQRZQ¶ WRZKLFKKHJDYHVRPHDWWHQWLRQLQWHUSUHWLQJ ODWHURQO\DIHZZHHNVEHIRUHKLVGHSDUWXUHIRU2[IRUG)LQQLVDGGUHVVHGWKH:UDQJOHU¶V&OXE LW DV µ+H ZLOOILQG\RX ¶+HKDVQRW UHDOO\WROGXVZK\KHFRQVLGHUHGWKDWDOVRWREH RI6W0DUNV&ROOHJH+LVWDONODWHUSXEOLVKHGLQAUMXQGHUWKHWLWOHµ7KH,PPRUDOLW\RI PHDQLQJOHVV WKH 'HWHUUHQW¶ ZDV D SOHD IRU XQLODWHUDO QXFOHDU GLVDUPDPHQW ,Q WKH EULHI LQWURGXFWLRQ 0DUWLQ FRQFOXGHV WKLV SDUW RI &KDSWHU 6L[ E\ SRLQWLQJ RXW WKDW LW LV LQ HVVHQFH µDQ )LQQLVGLVFODLPHGDQ\RULJLQDOLW\LQUHODWLRQWRWKHFHQWUDOWKHVLVZKLFKDVKHH[SODLQHGZDV HODERUDWLRQ RI WKH SVHXGRSDQWKHLVWLF UHGXFWLRQ GLVFXVVHG LQ WKH VHFRQG FKDSWHU¶ ± DQ WR EH IRXQG LQ Nuclear Weapons and Christian Conscience 1HYHUWKHOHVV KH PXVW ODWHU LQYLWDWLRQWRWKHLPDJLQHGUHVXUUHFWHGLQGLYLGXDOVWREHFRQWHQWZLWKDQHQODUJHGYHUVLRQRI KDYHFRQVLGHUHGWKLVDUWLFOHWRKDYHEHHQPRUHVLJQLILFDQWWKDQDOOKLVRWKHUVSXEOLVKHGLQOn WKHUDWLRQDOLVWVXEVWLWXWHKHRIIHUHGWRXVPRUWDOVLQ&KDSWHU7ZR DitDQGAUMIRULWLVWKHRQO\RQHRIWKHVHZKLFKKDVIRXQGLWVZD\LQWRWKHELEOLRJUDSK\LQ )LQQLVILQGVRQO\RQH DGPLWWHGO\FUXFLDO SDVVDJHLQ0DUWLQ¶VDFFRXQWµprima facie WKHCollected Essays of John Finnis+LVILQDOSOHDILUPO\DQGH[SOLFLWO\EDVHGRQWKHQHZ VLJQLILFDQW¶µ,IZHKDYHnoLGHDRIZKDWLWZRXOGEHOLNHWRILQGDWKLQJZHWKHQKDYHJLYHQ PRUDOIRXQGDWLRQZKLFKKLVFRQYHUVLRQWR&DWKROLFLVPKDGJLYHQKLPZDVVWDWHGDVIROORZV QRPHDQLQJWRVD\LQJLWLVKLGGHQ ¶+HFRQVLGHUVWKDWWKLVVKRXOGKDYHEHHQSUHFHGHGE\ DQ µH[DPLQDWLRQ RI WKH QDWXUH DQG SRWHQWLDOLWLHV RI WKH KXPDQ LQWHOOHFW DQG RI *RG¶V WKH RQO\ SRVVLEOH FRQVFLHQWLRXV FRXUVH RSHQ WR >D &KULVWLDQ@ LV WR JLYH XS QXFOHDU SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHLQWHOOLJLEOHEHLQJRIFUHDWXUHV V( ¶,VKHVXJJHVWLQJWKDW0DUWLQVKRXOG ZHDSRQV HYHQ LI WKLV LV IROORZHG E\ WKH ZRUOGO\ WULXPSK RI ZLFNHG PHQ DQG WKH KDYH WDNHQ DFFRXQW RI /RQHUJDQ¶V JHQHUDOLVHG HPSLULFDO PHWKRG" 7KHUH LV QR GRXEW WKDW D VXEYHUVLRQRIMXVWLFHE\D*RGOHVVDQGKHDUWOHVVV\VWHP²VXFKD&KULVWLDQ,VKRXOG FRQIURQWDWLRQ ZLWK /RQHUJDQ FRXOG KDYH HQULFKHG 0DUWLQ¶V WKLQNLQJ EXW /RQHUJDQ¶V ERRN VD\FDQEHVXUHDWOHDVWRIWKLVWKDWWKHXQLYHUVDO&KXUFKRI&KULVWZLOOQHYHUIDLO+H ZDVSXEOLVKHGWRRODWHRQO\WZR\HDUVEHIRUH0DUWLQ¶V$VD-HVXLWSKLORVRSKHU/RQHUJDQZDV KDVWKHDVVXUDQFHRI*RG+LPVHOIDQGQRWKLQJFDQEHPRUHVXUHWKDQWKDW³/R,DP SUREDEO\DOVRWRRIDUUHPRYHGWRKDYHSHQHWUDWHGWKHHPSLULFDOVWUXFWXUHRI0DUWLQ¶VWKLQNLQJ ZLWK \RX DOZD\V HYHQ WR WKH HQG RI WKH ZRUOG´ $QG PRUH ³:H NQRZ WKDW RXU 5HGHHPHUOLYHWK´ %Unilateral nuclear disarmament (1962) 7KHVWHSVZKLFKOHG)LQQLVWRWKLVFRQFOXVLRQPLJKWEHVHWRXWDVIROORZV µ7KH,PPRUDOLW\RIWKH'HWHUUHQW¶ $IWHU +LURVKLPD DQG 1DJDVDNL WKH ILUVW 6RYLHW QXFOHDU GHYLFH ZDV WHVWHG LQ DQG WKH &HUWDLQSDFLILVWDUJXPHQWVDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUKDYLQJOHGPDQ\SHRSOHWRDFFHSWWKDWFDXVLQJ QXFOHDU DUPV UDFH EHJDQ LQ HDUQHVW LQ WKH V FDXVLQJ ZLGHVSUHDG DQ[LHW\ DERXW WKH KDUPRUHYHQNLOOLQJE\IRUFHRULQGHHGJRLQJWRZDULVDOZD\VPRUDOO\HYLODOWKRXJKWKH\ ORRPLQJ GDQJHUV ,Q %HUWUDQG 5XVVHOO WKHQ LQ KLV V IRXQGHG WKH &DPSDLJQ IRU FRQFHGHWKDWLWPD\VRPHWLPHVEHQHFHVVDU\6XFKDFWVPD\KDYHµHYLO¶FRQVHTXHQFHV LQWKH 1XFOHDU'LVDUPDPHQW &1' LQ%ULWDLQ2QWULDOIRUKLVDQWLQXFOHDUDFWLYLWLHV5XVVHOOJDYH VLPSOHVHQVHRIFDXVLQJGDPDJH EXWWKH\PD\QHYHUWKHOHVVEHJRRG QRWHYLOLQWKHVHQVHRI HORTXHQWH[SUHVVLRQWRWKHIHDURIQXFOHDUDQQLKLODWLRQRIOLIHRQHDUWKµ2XUUXLQHGOLIHOHVV PRUDOO\UHSUHKHQVLEOH ,WPD\EHPRUDOO\SHUPLVVLEOHRUHYHQDPRUDOGXW\IRUDSHUVRQWRGR SODQHWZLOOFRQWLQXHIRUFRXQWOHVVDJHVWRFLUFOHDLPOHVVO\DURXQGWKHVXQXQUHGHHPHGE\WKH VXFKWKLQJVWRSUHYHQWDFWVRIUDSHRUWHUURU7KHVDPHDSSOLHVWRDFWVRIZDUIDUH 6HHDOVRWKHPRUHHODERUDWHGHVFULSWLRQRQSOLQHVWRµD%HLQJFDOOHG*RGZKRFUHDWHGWKHZRUOG ZDWFKHVRYHUPHQNQRZVWKHLUDFWLRQVKHDUVWKHLUSUD\HUVFDUHVIRUWKHLUQHHGVVSHDNVLQWKH 6HH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL-RKQB&ROOLQVB SULHVW ! ZKLUOZLQGWRRNXSRQKLPVHOIIOHVKDQGZDONHGXSRQHDUWKDQGZDVVHHQDQGKHDUGDQGIHOW¶ 6WHLQ:DOWHU HG Nuclear Weapons and Christian Conscience /RQGRQ0HUOLQ 7KHERRNZDV µ,KDYHDUJXHGWKDWRQHFDQQRWUHDGRIIWKHH[LVWHQFHRI*RGIURPWKHH[LVWHQFHRIUHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFH UHYLHZHGIDYRXUDEO\E\'DYLG3*DXWKLHULQ Dialogue± 1RZ,PXVWLQVLVWLQDOOFKDULW\WKDWneitherFDQRQHUHDGRIIWKHnonH[LVWHQFHRI*RGIURPWKH 6HH KWWSZZZZRUOGQXFOHDURUJLQIR&RXQWU\3URILOHV&RXQWULHV$)$XVWUDOLD! H[LVWHQFHRIUHOLJLRXVH[SHULHQFH ± ¶ 6HH KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL%ULWLVKBQXFOHDUBWHVWVBDWB0DUDOLQJD! >@AUM± 7KH&OXEKDGEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGLQWRFRQGXFWGHEDWHVDQGHQWHUWDLQGLVWLQJXLVKHGJXHVWV±VHH )RUGHWDLOFRQFHUQLQJWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHPRYHPHQWVHH KWWSZZZFQGXNRUJLQIRUPDWLRQLQIR KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL6WB0DUN VB&ROOHJHB 8QLYHUVLW\BRIB$GHODLGH ! VKHHWVLWHPWKHKLVWRU\RIFQG! >@AUM± 4XRWHGLQ+RHIIHUOH&DUROLQH0British Student Activism in the Long Sixties 1

3DFLILVPLV DQDUFKLVP7KHH[LVWHQFHRIDOOSROLWLFDOVRFLHW\DWDOOWLPHVDQGLQDOO intolerable to the Christian, or any reasonable person, whether the use be in self- SODFHV GHSHQGV DW ERWWRP RQ WKH SRZHU RI WKH DXWKRULWLHV IRUFLEO\ WR VXSSUHVV defence OR NOT. DQDUFKLF EDQGV RI FULPLQDOV WHUURULVWV DQG VXEYHUVLYHV ZKR VHHN WR LPSRVH WKHLU ,WPLJKWEHDUJXHGWKDWLWLVRQO\WKHXVHRIQXFOHDUZHDSRQVDQGQRWWKHLUSRVVHVVLRQ IDFWLRXV ZLOO RQ VRFLHW\ DQG WR GLVUXSW WKH RUGHU RI SHDFH DQG MXVWLFH LW ZDV 6W3DXOZKRVDLGWRWKH5RPDQ&KULVWLDQV³/HWHYHU\VRXOEHVXEMHFWWRLWVODZIXO ZKLFK LV PRUDOO\ UHSUHKHQVLEOH /HW XV DVVXPHV WKDW D FRPPXQLVW WDNHRYHU ZRXOG EH D VXSHULRUVWKHUXOHUEHDUHWKQRWWKHVZRUGLQYDLQIRUKHLVWKHPLQLVWHURI*RGWR WHUULEOHGLVDVWHUDQGWKDWWKHQXFOHDUGHWHUUHQWZRXOGEHWKHRQO\LQVXUDQFHDJDLQVWWKDWRUD LQIOLFWSXQLVKPHQWRQWKHZURQJGRHU´ VLPLODUHYHQW7RPDNHLWHIIHFWLYHWKHGHWHUUHQWPXVWVXUHO\EHEDVHGRQDUHDOLQWHQWLRQWR 6RFLHW\LVDJRRGWKHQHHGIRULWLVEXLOWLQWRHYHU\PDQ¶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¶VZDUQLQJV MXVW D IHZ PRQWKV ODWHULQ2FWREHU WKH $WWHPSWVPDGHE\SDFLILVWVWREDVHWKHLUPHVVDJHRQVRPHRIWKHSURQRXQFHPHQWVRI-HVXVLQ &XEDQ0LVVLOH&ULVLVEXUVWXSRQWKHZRUOGGUDJJLQJLWWRWKHEULQNRIQXFOHDUDQQLKLODWLRQ WKH6HUPRQRQWKH0RXQW µDOOWKRVHZKRWDNHWKHVZRUGVKDOOSHULVKE\WKHVZRUG¶ RULQWKH , ZHOO UHPHPEHU WKH JORRP DQG SHVVLPLVP LQ WKH WHDURRP RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ 'HSDUWPHQW *DUGHQRI*HWKVHPDQH µSXWLWEDFNLQLWVVFDEEDUG¶ DUHPLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVDQGWKHRORJLFDOO\ &KDUOLH0DUWLQWKRXJKW-RKQ).HQQHG\ZDVWKHZRUVWSHUVRQWREHLQFKDUJHRIWKHQXFOHDU PLVJXLGHG µWKHPLQGRIWKH&KXUFKLQLQWHUSUHWLQJVXFKSDVVDJHVLVTXLWHRWKHUZLVH¶ EXWWRQµ+LVOLIHKDVEHHQQRWKLQJEXWVXFFHVVKHGRHVQ¶WNQRZKRZWRORVH¶,QWKHHYHQWWKH &RQVLGHULQJ DOO ZDUIDUH WR EH ZURQJ WKH SDFLILVW SRVLWLRQ OHDYHV RQH ZLWKRXW DQ\ FULVLVZDVUHVROYHGE\PXWXDOFRQFHVVLRQVIRUZKLFK1LNLWD.KUXVKFKHYGHVHUYHGDWOHDVWDV VFRSHIRUOLPLWLQJLWDVUHTXLUHGE\µUHDVRQDEOHPRUDOLW\¶ 2QHRIWKHVHOLPLWVIRXQGHGRQ PXFKFUHGLWDVGLG.HQQHG\ *RG¶VFRPPDQGVDQG+LVFRYHQDQWZLWK PDQNLQGDVUHFRJQL]HG E\µWKHXQLYHUVDO&KXUFK )LQQLV GLG QRW IRUJHW WKH DJRQ\ FDXVHG E\ WKHVH HYHQWV QRU WKH FRQWLQXLQJ GDQJHUV DQGWKHXQDQLPRXVFRQVHQVXVRIOHDUQHGDQGVDLQWO\&KULVWLDQV¶DQGLQGHHGµDQ\UHDVRQDEOH LQKHUHQWLQQXFOHDUZHDSRQV,QKH-RVHSK%R\OHDQG*HUPDLQ*ULVH]SXEOLVKHG DERRN PDQ¶LV µ,WLVDOZD\VDQGHYHU\ZKHUHZURQJDQGDEVROXWHO\IRUELGGHQWRGHOLEHUDWHO\NLOO RIVRPHSDJHVRQWKHVXEMHFW. WKHLQQRFHQW¶7KLVUDLVHVWKHLVVXHRIWKHµLQFLGHQWDOHIIHFWV¶RIDFWVRIZDU QRZRIWHQ UHIHUUHG WR DV µFROODWHUDO GDPDJH¶ eg WKH GHDWK RI LQQRFHQW SHRSOH )LQQLV VWDWHG ZKDW VHHPHG WR KLP WR EH WKH FRUUHFW SULQFLSOH 3DUWLFXODU DFWV RI ZDU DUH QRW QHFHVVDULO\ ZURQJIXOLIWKH\IRUHVHHDEO\UHVXOWLQWKHGHDWKRIWKHLQQRFHQWVRORQJDVWKRVHGHDWKVDUH QRWGLUHFWO\LQWHQGHGDUHQRWRXWRIDOOSURSRUWLRQWRWKHJRRGWREHDFKLHYHGE\WKHDFWRI ZDUDQGDUHQRWVRYDVWLQQXPEHUDVWRPDNHWKHZKROHQRWLRQRI³LQFLGHQWDOHIIHFWV´VLPSO\ PHDQLQJOHVV ,Q D MXVWLILDEOH ZDU OLNH ::,, WKH HQHP\¶V WURRS FRQFHQWUDWLRQV DQG PXQLWLRQV IDFWRULHVZHUHOHJLWLPDWHWDUJHWVHYHQLIDWWDFNVRQWKHPZRXOGDOVRIRUHVHHDEO\NLOOLQQRFHQW SHRSOHDVORQJDVVXFKGHDWKVZHUHQRWLQWHQGHG DQGRQHPLJKWDGGLIFDUHZDVWDNHQWR PLQLPLVH VXFK GHDWKV +RZHYHU µLI , GHFLGH WR ERPE QRQFRPEDWDQWVVLPSO\LQRUGHUWR FDXVH FRQIXVLRQ DQG GHPRUDOLVDWLRQ DPRQJ WKH HQHP\ WKHQ , DP HQJDJHG LQ WKH ZLFNHG DFWLYLW\RIGHOLEHUDWHO\NLOOLQJWKHLQQRFHQWRUPXUGHUHYHQWKRXJKLWPD\DVVLVWPHWRZLQ WKHZDU'UDZLQJWKHOLQHLVVRPHWLPHVGLIILFXOWDQGLQDMXVWLILDEOHZDURQHLVDOORZHGWR UHVROYHJHQXLQHGRXEWLQIDYRXURQH¶VRZQVLGH ,IWKHVHDUHWKHFRUUHFWSULQFLSOHVWKHUHFDQEHQRGRXEWWKDWQXFOHDUZDUIDUHFDQQRWEH SHUPLVVLEOHHYHQLQDMXVWZDU Nuclear weapons obliterate the distinction between combatant and non-combatant, and give us over to an indiscriminate slaughter of innocent persons that can hardly fail to amount to murder.QXFOHDUZDUZRXOGLQYROYHWKHGHOLEHUDWHFKRVHQDQG LQWHQGHG NLOOLQJ RI WKH LQQRFHQW [That] is, in all foreseeable circumstances, 2QHPXVWUHPHPEHUWKDWWKH&ROG:DUZDVVWLOOLQSURJUHVVWKH%HUOLQ:DOOKDGRQO\MXVWEHHQEXLOW µ:KRHYHUKDWHWKKLVEURWKHULVDPXUGHUHU¶±-RKQDQGµZKRVRHYHUORRNHWKRQDZRPDQVRDVWR ,WVHHPVOLNHO\WKDW)LQQLVZDVLPSOLHGO\UHIHUULQJWRWKHGHFLVLRQPDGHE\&KXUFKLOODQG/LQGHPDQQWR OXVWDIWHUKHUKDVFRPPLWWHGDGXOWHU\ZLWKKHUDOUHDG\LQKLVKHDUW¶±0DWWKHZ FRQFHQWUDWHERPELQJRQWKHOLYLQJTXDUWHUVRI*HUPDQZRUNHUVDQGWKHLUIDPLOLHVDVUHSRUWHGLQ6QRZ¶V 6HH KWWSZZZMINOLEUDU\RUJ-).-).LQ+LVWRU\&XEDQ0LVVLOH&ULVLVDVS[! Science and Government DERRNZKLFK)LQQLVDQG+\VORSKDGUHYLHZHGLQOn Dit VHHDERYH,) 6HH)LQQLV%R\OH *ULVH]DERYHQ The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

3$57,,,$33(1',&(6 ODZ VWXGHQW KH KDG EHHQ VWHHSHG LQ SXEOLFDWLRQV RI WKH 5DWLRQDOLVW 3UHVV$VVRFLDWLRQ WKH ZRUNVRI%HUWUDQG5XVVHOODQGWKHZRUNVRI'DYLG+XPHRQHRIWKHHDUO\SKLORVRSKHUVZKR 7KHDSSHQGLFHVFRQWDLQH[WUDFWVRIFRUUHVSRQGHQFHZKLFKKDVSOD\HGDQLPSRUWDQWSDUWLQWKH FDQEHGHVFULEHGDVDUHOLJLRXVVFHSWLF-RKQHQWHUHGWKH8QLYHUVLW\ZLWKDWKHLVWFRQYLFWLRQV SURJUHVVLRQ RI WKH SURMHFW DQG FRQWDLQV PXFK LPSRUWDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG FRPPHQW QRW *HUPDLQ *ULVH] KLV FORVH IULHQG DQG FROODERUDWRU KDV GHVFULEHG )LQQLV¶V UHOLJLRXV FRQWDLQHGLQWKHPDLQSDUWRIWKHPDQXVFULSW$SSHQGL[%DELHH[SODLQVWKHFRPPHQFHPHQWRI GHYHORSPHQWDVIROORZV WKHSURMHFWDQG(PHULWXV3URIHVVRU0LFKDHO'HWPROGKDVDVVLVWHGPHZKHQ,WULHGWRJUDSSOH ZLWKWKHQDWXUHRIQDWXUDOODZ $SSHQGL['HWPROG ,DPYHU\JUDWHIXOWRERWK7KHVHWZR 'XULQJ KLV ILQDO \HDUV DV DQ XQGHUJUDGXDWH LQ$GHODLGH )LQQLV EHFDPH FRQYLQFHG DSSHQGLFHVUHSUHVHQWDNLQGRILQWURGXFWLRQWRWKHPDLQERG\RIWKHPDQXVFULSW ERWKRIWKHWUXWKRI*RG¶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¶VDUWLFOHVZKLFKZHUH )LQQLV KDV DOVR SURYLGHG DQ DFFRXQW RI WKH UHDVRQV IRU KLV FRQYHUVLRQ $SSHQGL[ )LQQLV SXEOLVKHGLQOn DitDQGLQWKHAdelaide University Magazine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µ\HV¶,ZRXOGEHGHOLJKWHGWR $VVRFLDWH'HDQ 5HVHDUFK )DFXOW\RIWKH3URIHVVLRQV RUJDQLVHDSUHVHQWDWLRQIRU\RXRQWKLVWRSLF,FRXOGQ¶WDJUHHPRUHWKDWIRUZKDWHYHUUHDVRQ $VVRFLDWH'HDQRI/DZ 5HVHDUFK $GHODLGH/DZ6FKRRO 'LUHFWRU5HVHDUFK8QLWIRUWKH6WXG\RI6RFLHW\/DZDQG5HOLJLRQ ZHFRQWLQXHWRRYHUORRN)LQQLV,WRRGRQRWNQRZZK\WKDWLVEXW,KRSHWKDW\RXUOHFWXUH 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH ZRXOGGRVRPHWKLQJWRRYHUFRPHWKDWQHJOHFW$QGDV(GLWRURIWKHAdelaide Law Review, FDQVD\ZHZRXOGEHWKULOOHGWRUHFHLYHWKDWDVDVXEPLVVLRQ 3DXO 'HDU3DXO 7KHOHFWXUHZDVDGYHUWLVHGDVIROORZV ,DPZULWLQJWR\RXEHFDXVH,DPZRQGHULQJZKHWKHU\RXPLJKWEHLQWHUHVWHGLQVRPHZRUN, 5(6($5&+81,7)257+(678'<2)62&,(7</$:$1'5(/,*,21 KDYHEHHQGRLQJFRQFHUQLQJ-RKQ)LQQLVRQHRIRXUJUDGXDWHV,QP\RSLQLRQ-RKQ)LQQLVLV 38%/,&/(&785( WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVFKRODUHYHUWRKDYHHPHUJHGIURPRXU/DZ6FKRRO,KDYHEHHQWU\LQJWR $GHODLGH¶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µ8OULFK +EEH DQG WKH7RUUHQV 6\VWHP +EEH¶V *HUPDQ EDFNJURXQG KLV EHFRPH DFWLYH LQ VWXGHQW DIIDLUV DQG WR FRQWULEXWH PDQ\ DUWLFOHV WR On Dit WKH VWXGHQW OLIHLQ$XVWUDOLDDQGKLVFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHFUHDWLRQRIWKH7RUUHQVV\VWHP¶ QHZVSDSHUDQGWRWKHAdelaide University Magazine+HOLYHGDW6W0DUN¶V&ROOHJHDQGWRRN Adelaide Law Review ± µ/HJDO KLVWRU\ LQ $XVWUDOLD 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI D VLPLODUO\ DFWLYH LQWHUHVW LQ &ROOHJH DIIDLUV EHFRPLQJ RQH RI WKH FRQWULEXWRUV WR The $XVWUDOLDQ OHJDOKLVWRULFDO VFKRODUVKLS¶ Zeitschrift für Neuere Groaning StoneWKH&ROOHJH&OXESDSHU Rechtsgeschichte±UHSXEOLVKHG Australian Bar Review± µ6WDWXWHV DQG WKH LQWHQWLRQ RI WKH ODZPDNHU DV WKH XOWLPDWH JXLGH WR WKHLU 5HOLJLRXVLVVXHVZHUHPXFKGHEDWHGLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\DWWKDWWLPH7KHUHZHUHYHU\ DSSOLFDELOLW\ KLVWRU\ DQG SURVSHFWV¶ >@ Supreme Court History Program DFWLYH UHOLJLRXV VWXGHQW FOXEV VXFK DV WKH $TXLQDV 6RFLHW\ 7KH SDJHV RI On Dit ZHUH Yearbook±µ7KH(XURSHDQQDWXUDOODZFRGHVWKHDJHRIUHDVRQDQGWKHSRZHUV HQOLYHQHG ERWK E\ DUWLFOHV IURP HVWDEOLVKHG FOHULFV DQG E\ WKRVH IURP PHPEHUV RI WKH RI JRYHUQPHQW¶ Queensland University Law Journal ± µ(DUO\ 3KLORVRSK\'HSDUWPHQWPRVWRIWKHPFRPPLWWHGDWKHLVWV(YHQEHIRUH-RKQ)LQQLVEHFDPHD $XVWUDOLD (QJOLVK DQG 6FRWWLVK ³2OG &RORQLVWV´ ZLWK +DPEXUJ FRQQHFWLRQV¶

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

5DKHPWXOD$ODGLQ 6D\HUV 0DUN HGV The Idea of Legal History, A Tribute in 3DXO Honour of Dr Michael White QC %ULVEDQH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI4XHHQVODQG/LEUDU\ ± 6\QRSVLV-RKQ)LQQLVLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVFKRODUVHYHUWRKDYHHPHUJHG 'HDU3DXO IURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH+HLVWKH2[IRUG3URIHVVRU(PHULWXVRI/DZDQG /HJDO3KLORVRSK\D)HOORZRIWKH%ULWLVK$FDGHP\D3URIHVVRUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI OLNH ,VDLDK %HUOLQ¶V FRQFHSW RI OLEHUW\ DQG &3 DQDGYLVHUWRWKH9DWLFDQ2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVKDVFHOHEUDWHGKLVDFKLHYHPHQWV 6QRZ¶VWKHRU\DERXWWZRFXOWXUHV WKHVFLHQWLILFDQGWKHOLWHUDU\ @ZKLFKPDGHLWQHFHVVDU\IRU E\SXEOLVKLQJVHOHFWHGHVVD\VLQILYHYROXPHV(DFKYROXPHKDVDGXVWMDFNHWZLWKD PHWRIDPLOLDULVH P\VHOIZLWK GLIILFXOW PDWHULDO, VHQW)LQQLVDFRS\RIWKHOHFWXUH DQGKH VFHQH RI HDUO\ 6RXWK $XVWUDOLD 7ZR )HVWVFKULIWHQ KDYH EHHQ SXEOLVKHG RQH LQ VHHPHGYHU\SOHDVHGZLWKLW 2[IRUGDQGRQHLQ%ULVEDQH,QWKLVOHFWXUHRQHRIKLV$GHODLGHIRUPHUODZWHDFKHUV +RUVW SUHVHQWVDVWXG\RI)LQQLV¶V$GHODLGHRULJLQVFRQFHQWUDWLQJQRWRQKLVEULOOLDQW/DZ 6FKRRO UHFRUG WR EXW RQ KLV H[WUDFXUULFXODU DFWLYLWLHV $W WKDW WLPH UHOLJLRQ ZDV D PDMRU FRQFHUQ IRU PDQ\ VWXGHQWV 1XPHURXV UHSRUWV GHEDWHV DQG DUWLFOHV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK UHOLJLRXV LVVXHV IRXQG WKHLU ZD\ LQWR On Dit WKH VWXGHQW QHZVSDSHU DQG WKH Adelaide University Magazine$W FHUWDLQ WLPHV WKH 'HEDWLQJ &OXEWKH6WXGHQW5HSUHVHQWDWLYH&RXQFLODQGLQGHHGOn DitLWVHOIZHUHGRPLQDWHG E\)LQQLVDQGKLVIULHQGV0DQ\LQWHOOHFWXDOVERWKLQ(QJODQGDQG$XVWUDOLDZHUH DWWUDFWHGE\WKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF&KXUFKIRULWVHHPHGWRWKHPWKHRQHWUXH&KXUFK FRQILGHQWXQFKDQJLQJDQGIUHHRIWKHILFNOHQHVVDQGWKHFRQIXVLRQVZKLFKPDUNHG WKH3URWHVWDQWUHOLJLRXVVFHQH)LQQLVDQGRWKHUVDW$GHODLGHGXULQJKLVVWXGHQWGD\V FRQYHUWHG WR&DWKROLFLVP7KHOHFWXUHZLOOFRQFHQWUDWH RQ)LQQLV¶VFRQYHUVLRQDQG ZLOOKLJKOLJKWKRZVRPHRIKLVHDUO\FRQFHUQVUHPDLQHGZLWKKLPDQGDUHUHIOHFWHGLQ KLVPDWXUHZRUN 'HDU+RUVW 7KDQN\RXVRYHU\PXFKIRUDZRQGHUIXOOHFWXUH\HVWHUGD\0DQ\SHRSOHDUHWDONLQJDERXW KRZPXFKWKH\HQMR\HGLWDQGVHHLQJ\RXDJDLQ 3DXO 'HDU3DXO 1RWDVLQJOHPHPEHURIWKHDXGLHQFHFRXOGKDYHHQMR\HGKLPRUKHUVHOIDVPXFKDV,GLG 7KDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK IRU RUJDQLVLQJ WKH VHVVLRQ -RKQ %DQQRQ¶V FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH GLVFXVVLRQZDVIDVFLQDWLQJ,PXVWZULWHWRKLPWRVHHZKHWKHUKHPLJKWEHZLOOLQJWRUHGXFH VRPHRIZKDWKHVDLGWRZULWLQJ +RUVW 'HDU+RUVW

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

$SSHQGL['HWPROG 'HDU0LFKDHO (PHULWXV3URIHVVRU0LFKDHO'HWPROG 7KH%ULVEDQHERRNJurisprudence as Practical ReasonZKLFK,PHQWLRQHGLQP\ODVWHPDLO 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH FRQWDLQVDFKDSWHUE\-RVHSK*6DQWDPDULDHQWLWOHGµ-RKQ)LQQLVDQGQDWXUDOODZ¶,WDSSHDUV WKDWKHZDVRQHRI-RKQ¶VVWXGHQWV,QRQHRIKLVOHFWXUHV)LQQLVLVVDLGWRKDYHSXWIRUZDUG WKHIROORZLQJSURSRVLWLRQ S µ7KHRUHWLFDO UHDVRQ )LQQLV SUHIHUUHG WKH WHUP ³GHVFULSWLYH UHDVRQ´ SURGXFHV ³LV´ , DP ZULWLQJ WR \RX DERXW -RKQ )LQQLV EHFDXVH\RX ZHUH SUREDEO\ FORVHU WRKLP WKDQ DQ\ VWDWHPHQWVSUDFWLFDOUHDVRQ³RXJKW´VWDWHPHQWV7KHRUHWLFDOUHDVRQZRUNVWRKHOSXV RWKHUPHPEHURUIRUPHUPHPEHURIWKH/DZ6FKRROVWDII+./FRPPHQWIRUFRQWHQWRIOHWWHUVHH$SSHQGL[%DELH@ KDUPRQ\ ZLWKLQ RXU FRPPXQLW\ PDNLQJ WKH PDQ\ FRQFHVVLRQV ZKLFK DUH QHHGHG LI RXU ,ZRQGHUZKHWKHU\RXKDYHVHHQJurisprudence as Practical Reason. A Celebration of VXUIDFHLPSXOVHVDUHQRWWRSURYHGLVUXSWLYH1RQHRIWKHVHFRQFHVVLRQVZLOOEHRIPXFKXVH the Collected Essays of John Finnis-RQ&URZH¶VFRQWULEXWLRQFRQWDLQVDFRPSDULVRQRI\RXU XQOHVVRXUQHLJKERXUVDUHSUHSDUHGWRDFWDVZHGR7RDFKLHYHWKLVZHPXVWHQFRXUDJHLI QDWXUDOODZWKHRU\ZLWK)LQQLV¶V KHSUHIHUV\RXUV QRWFRPSHORXUQHLJKERXUVWRDGRSWWKHVDPHDWWLWXGHWKDWZHKDYHDGRSWHG$P,QRWJHWWLQJ +RUVW FORVHWR.DQW¶VFDWHJRULFDOLPSHUDWLYHZLWKRXWKDYLQJORVWFRQWDFWZLWK+XPH¶VIRUPLGDEOH SULQFLSOH",WLVDVLIZHZHUHVD\LQJWRRXUQHLJKERXUV/HWXVDOOZRUNWRJHWKHUWRPDNHOLIH LQ WKH FRPPXQLW\ DV FRPIRUWDEOH DV SRVVLEOH IRU WKDW VHUYHV EHVW WKH YHU\ SHUVRQDO VHOI 'HDU+RUVW,WZDVPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJWRUHDG\RXUDFFRXQWRIWKH\RXQJ)LQQLVTXLWHDORWLV LQWHUHVWRIHYHU\RQHRIXV IDPLOLDUWRPHDV,ZDVDVWXGHQW \HDUVEHKLQG)LQQLV GXULQJWKDWYHU\YRODWLOHWHQXUH ZLWK 6XFKDQDQDO\VLVOHDYHVRXWRIDFFRXQWFUXFLDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQVZKLFKJXLGHWKHOLYHVRI %D\QHVDQG&RRSHU RIWKHOn DitHGLWRUVKLS'R\RXKDYHDFRS\RIKLVDWWDFNRQ&KDUOLH PRVW RI XV ORYH DQG IULHQGVKLS 7KH\ SURPSW XV WR DFW GHFHQWO\ ZLOOLQJ WR VXSSUHVV RXU 0DUWLQ",UHPHPEHULWZHOOEXWQRWLQGHWDLODV,ZDVDWWKHWLPHQRWDVLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHRORJ\ VXUIDFHLPSXOVHVIRUWKHEHQHILWRIRXUIULHQGVDQGORYHGRQHV UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHEHQHILWVWKH\ DV,DPQRZ,VKDOOPDNHDVWURQJHQGHDYRXUWRFRPHWR\RXUWDON0LFKDHO DUHZLOOLQJWRJLYHXVLQUHWXUQ,WLVQRWGLIILFXOWWRJHQHUDOLVHVXFKDQRXWORRNWRHPEUDFHWKH ZKROHFRPPXQLW\RUHYHQDOORIPDQNLQGIRUPDQ\RIXVDQGFHUWDLQO\WKRVHZKRIROORZWKH The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

WHDFKLQJVRI&KULVWKDYHVXFKDQRXWORRN7KHRQHWKLQJZKLFKWKLVNLQGRIDQDO\VLVFDQQRW µ3KLORVRSKHUVRIPRUHRUOHVV+XPHDQSHUVXDVLRQKROGWKDWLW>LHGHOLEHUDWLQJDERXW UHDGLO\DFFRXQWIRULVZK\WKHEHQLJQDWWLWXGH,KDYHGHVFULEHGVKRXOGEHPRUDOO\RUOHJDOO\ ZKDW WR GR@ LV RQH¶V UHDVRQ¶V VHUYLFH WR GHVLUH -XGJPHQWV EDVHG PRUH FORVHO\ RQ ELQGLQJRQHYHU\ERG\ZKLFKLVDIWHUDOORQHRIWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPRUDOLW\RUODZDVZH HYLGHQFHZLOOKROGLQVWHDGWKDWGHOLEHUDWLQJH[WHQGVWRDQGLVJXLGHGE\GLVFHUQLQJ ZKDWLVGHVLUDEOHEHQHILFLDOZRUWKGHVLULQJ¶ XQGHUVWDQGWKHP 3OHDVH XQGHUVWDQG WKDW , VLPSO\ ZDQW WR GHYHORS HQRXJK XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI VXFK )LQQLVLVDEVROXWHO\ULJKWUHDVRQVXUHO\SOD\VDPDMRUUROHLQIRUPXODWLQJRQH¶VµEHORZWKH FRQVLGHUDWLRQVWREHDEOHWRGHDOUHDVRQDEO\ZLWK)LQQLV¶VHDUO\ZULWLQJ7KXVP\DPELWLRQ VXUIDFHGHVLUHV¶ ,I WKDW LV FRUUHFW ZKLFK , EHOLHYH LW LV WKHQ PXFK RI )LQQLV¶V SKLORVRSK\ FRXOGQRWEHPRUHOLPLWHG,VWLOOKDYHQRWFRPPHQWHGRQWKHSDSHU\RXVHQWPH,WKDVKHOSHG IORZV IURP LW IRU RQH¶V GHVLUHV ZLOO WKHQ GHSHQG RQ ZKDW JRRGV ZKLFK ZLOO DQGRU VKRXOG PHTXLWHDELW JXLGHRQH¶VDFWLRQV-XVWDWKRXJKW±GR\RXDJUHH" +RUVW +RUVW >+./FRPPHQWLQKLVHPDLORI'HWPROGLQGLFDWHGKLVDJUHHPHQWZLWKWKLVODVW SRLQW@ 'HDU+RUVW ,DJUHHWKDWWKHVLPSOHULGHDRIWKHWKHRUHWLFDODQGSUDFWLFDOZLOOGR,OLNH\RXUDQDO\VLVRI +XPHDQG.DQWDVWREHORZWKHVXUIDFHGHVLUHV LQFLGHQWDOO\+XPHKDGDQLFHWHUPIRUWKHVH 'HDU0LFKDHO µFDOP SDVVLRQV¶ 7KH\ PDUU\ TXLWH ZHOO LQ WKH ZD\ \RX SXW LW 2I FRXUVH ERWK ZDQWHG WR $WWDFKHGDUHP\FRPPHQWVRQWKHILUVWSDUWRI\RXUSDSHU,VKDOOFRPPHQWRQWKHUHPDLQGHU NQRZZKLFKZDVXOWLPDWHDQGDVIDUDV.DQWZDVFRQFHUQHGKLVDQVZHUGHDOVZLWKDQRWKHURI RQFH , KDYH KDG VRPH UHDFWLRQ IURP \RX ZKLFK LV OLNHO\ WR FRUUHFW VRPH RI P\ \RXUTXHVWLRQVZK\DOODUHERXQG PLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJV 0LFKDHO , DP SUHVVLQJ RQ ZLWK P\ )LQQLV SURMHFW EXW KDYH UXQ LQWR D KLWFK , ZDV UHFHQWO\ LQWURGXFHGWR0U;ZKRKDVDPDOHSDUWQHU7KHHQFRXQWHUPDGHLWFOHDUWRPHWKDW,ZLOOQRW EHDEOHWRZULWHDHXORJ\RQ)LQQLVZLWKRXWGLVWDQFLQJP\VHOIIURPDQXPEHURIDVSHFWVRIKLV 'HDU 0LFKDHO , RZH \RX DQ DSRORJ\ IRU QRW KDYLQJ FRQWLQXHG RXU FRUUHVSRQGHQFH 7KH YLHZVRQVH[XDOPRUDOLW\LQFOXGLQJKLVFRQGHPQDWLRQRIKRPRVH[XDOLW\2QFH,UHDOLVHGWKDW SUREOHPLVWKDWWKHLVVXHVZKLFK\RXDQG,KDYHEHHQGLVFXVVLQJDUHORFDWHGDWWKHYHU\HQGRI LWVRUWRIWRRNWKHDLURXWRIP\WLUHV+RZHYHU,DPSUHVVLQJRQ P\SDSHU,DPVWUXJJOLQJWRFRSHZLWKWKHELWVWKDWSUHFHGHWKHPDQGDPEHJLQQLQJWRIHHO +RUVW SUHVVHGIRUWLPH,I\RXKDYHQ¶WJLYHQPHDZD\HQWLUHO\DWWKLVVWDJH,ZRXOGOLNHWRFRPH EDFNWRRXUHDUOLHUGLVFXVVLRQ$WWKHPRPHQW,KDYHWRSUHVVRQZLWK&KDUOLH0DUWLQDQG )LQQLV$V\RXNQRZ-RKQZDVDQLQFUHGLEOHLQWHOOHFWHYHQDVDVWXGHQW,DPLQWRXFKZLWK 'HDU+RUVW KLP DQG DOVR ZLWK 0DULH IRU LW VHHPV LPSRUWDQW WKDW ZH VKRXOG UHPDLQ RQ JRRG WHUPV ,VHHWKHPRUDOSUREOHP\RXKDYHYHU\FOHDUO\7KHEHVWWKLQJ,FDQVD\LVWKDW)LQQLVLVD $WWDFKHGSOHDVHILQGWKHDQQRXQFHPHQWRIP\OHFWXUH ULJRURXV DQG IHDUOHVV WKLQNHU ZLWK WKH VWUHQJWK QRW WR EH SXW RII E\ XQFRPIRUWDEOH +RUVW FRQFOXVLRQV 0LFKDHO 'HDU+RUVW 'HDU+RUVW ,VKDOOFHUWDLQO\DWWHQGDQGPDNHVRPHFRPPHQWVRQZKDW\RXVD\ ,KRSHLWZDVDJRRGHYHQWIRU\RX\HVWHUGD\1DQF\DQG,ZHUHWKLQNLQJRI\RX$VDOVR 0LFKDHO ZHUH$QGUHZDQG*LQQ\/LJHUWZRRGZKRZHUHURXQGIRUGLQQHU1DQF\DQG*LQQ\LQVLVWRQ FRPLQJWR\RXUWDONZLWK$QGUHZDQGP\VHOIVRWKHUHZLOOEHDVPDOOJDWKHULQJRIWKHROG /DZ6FKRROWKHUH 'HDU0LFKDHO 0LFKDHO 7KHUH LV RQH IXUWKHU FRPPHQW , ZRXOG OLNH WR PDNH LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH VXEMHFW RI µVXUIDFH LPSXOVHV¶DQGµEHORZWKHVXUIDFHGHVLUHV¶,QRZEHOLHYHWKDWP\VXJJHVWLRQWKDWWKHUROHRI UHDVRQLVWRHQDEOHXVWRFKRRVHEHWZHHQWKHVHWZRZDVWRRVLPSOLVWLF,IRXQGWKHEHWWHUYLHZ 'HDU0LFKDHO H[SUHVVHGEHDXWLIXOO\DWWKHYHU\EHJLQQLQJRIWKHLQWURGXFWLRQWR)LQQLV¶VYHU\ILUVWYROXPH 7KDQN\RXDQG1DQF\IRUDWWHQGLQJP\)LQQLVOHFWXUH,VKRXOGKDYHZULWWHQPXFKHDUOLHUEXW RIKLVFROOHFWHGHVVD\V LWLVWDNLQJPHVRPHWLPHWRUHFRYHUP\PRWLYDWLRQIRUWKH)LQQLVDQGDQ\RWKHUSURMHFWZKLFK ,PLJKWVWLOOZLVKWRWDFNOH

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

WKHVXEVWDQFHRIZKDW\RXVDLGEXWDUURJDQFHLQWKH\RXQJQHYHUZRUULHVPHIRUOLIHXVXDOO\ KRPRVH[XDORULHQWDWLRQKDGFRPHWROLJKWHYHU\SRVLWLYHFRQWULEXWLRQPDGHWRVRFLHW\E\KLP WDNHVFDUHRIWKHVHHDUO\SUREOHPV%HFDXVHRIKLVH[WUDRUGLQDU\EULOOLDQFH)LQQLVPXVWKDYH RUKHUKDGVRPHKRZEHFRPHGHYDOXHG±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µFRPHFOHDQ¶ WRXVHDQXJO\SKUDVHVREHORYHGRISROLWLFLDQVWKH@EULHIUHFHQWYLVLWWR%ULVEDQHRI%HFN\%DLOH\DQG0LFKDHO+DUULV%HFN\SRLQWHG RXWWKDW)LQQLVZRXOGUHJDUGKHUPDUULDJHWR0LFKDHODVVLQIXOEHFDXVHWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFK ZRXOG QRW UHFRJQLVH 0LFKDHO¶V GLYRUFH IURP ,ORQD, KDSSHQ WR EH RQWKHVLGH RI RXU VW FHQWXU\VHFXODUDQJHOVRQWKHVHVXEMHFWVLQGHHG,ILQG-RKQ¶VYLHZVRQVH[XDOPRUDOLW\UDWKHU VWUDQJHLIQRWWRVD\XQUHDOLVWLF :ULWLQJRQVXFKPDWWHUVDFDGHPLFDOO\LVVRPHZKDWXQIDPLOLDUWHUULWRU\IRUPHIRU, KDYHDOZD\VEHHQLQFOLQHGWRWDFNOHDQDO\WLFDOO\GLIILFXOWSUREOHPVLQDQHIIRUWRIWKHLQWHOOHFW FRQVFLHQFH QRW FRPLQJ LQWR LW 3UHDFKLQJ RQH¶V SHUVRQDO RSLQLRQV WR RWKHU SHRSOH SOD\V QR UROH LQ VFLHQFH RU PDWKHPDWLFV VR RQH FDQ VWLOO EH DFDGHPLFDOO\ UHVSHFWDEOH LI RQH DYRLGV GRLQJVRLQODZ 7KLVORZNH\DSSURDFKZDVVRPHZKDWUHLQIRUFHGE\WKHIROORZLQJFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKH ROGHU DSSURDFK WR KRPRVH[XDOLW\ XVHG WR KDYH WKH FUXHO HIIHFW WKDW RQFH D SHUVRQ¶V The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

&RQYHUVLRQDFFRXQWV 3HUKDSVPRUHLQIOXHQFHFDPHIURPWKHSUHVHQFHRIKLVDVVLVWDQWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ FKDSODLQF\)U7RP'DO\6-WKRXJKDJDLQ,VFDUFHO\NQHZKLPLIDWDOO%XW, $SSHQGL[)LQQLV NQHZWKDWKHDGPLUHG%HUQDUG/RQHUJDQ¶VERRNInsightVR,JRWWKDWDQGUHDGLW -RKQ)LQQLV DQG LW ILQDOO\ GLG DZD\ ZLWK DOO WKH +XPH5XVVHOO HPSLULFLVP , SXUVXHG P\ 2[IRUG3URIHVVRU(PHULWXVRI/DZDQG/HJDO3KLORVRSK\ 8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUG LQWHUHVWLQ/RQHUJDQ¶VZRUNZKLOH,ZDVZRUNLQJRQP\'3KLOLQ2[IRUGDQGP\ +RQRUDU\)HOORZRI8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH2[IRUG VHWWOHGYLHZRIWKHYDOXHRIDQGSURIRXQGIODZVLQKLVWKRXJKWFDQEHVHHQLQWKH %LROFKLQL)DPLO\3URIHVVRURI/DZ 8QLYHUVLW\RI1RWUH'DPH UHIHUHQFHVWRKLPLQP\Essays,WKLQNKLVZRUNDIWHUInsightZDVQRWRIYDOXH )HOORZRIWKH%ULWLVK$FDGHP\ WKRXJKXQIRUWXQDWHO\RIFRQVLGHUDEOHLQIOXHQFHDPRQJ&DWKROLFWKHRORJLDQV±VHH 0HPEHURI*UD\¶V,QQ HVVD\LQYRO9DYHU\IXQGDPHQWDOHVVD\LQSDUWV EXWHYHQInsightLVIODZHGLQ ZD\V,LQGLFDWHHJLQYRO,DWSSDQGWKURXJKRXWHVVD\ DVHDUO\DV± PRUHFULVSO\GHYHORSHGLQFundamentals of Ethics )RUPHZKDWHYHUPD\KDYHEHHQWKHFDVHZLWK$OHFDQG&ROLQWKHIXQGDPHQWDO 'HDU+RUVW TXHVWLRQVZHUHVLPSO\WZRWKHH[LVWHQFHRUQRQH[LVWHQFHRI*RGDVWUDQVFHQGHQW ,¶P VRUU\ , KDYH WDNHQ VR ORQJ WR UHSO\ WR \RXU OHWWHU RI )HEUXDU\ ZKLFK FDPH DW DQ FUHDWRUDQGSURYLGHQWLDOJRYHUQRURIHYHU\WKLQJLQQDWXUHDQGWKHIDFWRUQRQIDFW DFDGHPLFDOO\YHU\EXV\WLPH RI GLYLQH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK KXPDQNLQG E\ KLVWRULFDOO\ JLYHQ HYHQWV RI ,DSSUHFLDWHYHU\PXFK\RXULQWHUHVWLQWKHOLWWOHIHUPHQWRIVHDUFKLQJGHEDWHFRQWUDULDQ UHYHODWLRQLQ,VUDHO7KHIRUPHULVJLYHQDUHYLHZLQWKHODVWFKDSWHUVRINatural LGHDVDQGPRUHRUOHVVSURIRXQGMXGJPHQWVDQGGHFLVLRQVLQ$GHODLGH8QLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWOLIH Law and Natural Rights DQG Aquinas DQG WKH ODWWHU LV JLYHQ LWV IUDPLQJ DV D $IHZREVHUYDWLRQVDERXWZKDW,FDQJOHDQIURPWKHGUDIWIO\HU TXHVWLRQLQWKHRQHVHQWHQFHDERXWLWRQSRINLNRDWWKHHQGRIWKHILUVW 7KHUH ZDV LQ QR VHQVH D PRYHPHQW UDWKHU VRPH SDUWLDO FRLQFLGHQFHV , ZDV , SDUDJUDSKDQGWKHRXWOLQHVRIDUHVSRQVHLQWKHSDJHRUWZRRQUHYHODWLRQLQWKH WKLQNXQDZDUHRIRUXQFRQFHUQHGDERXWFRQYHUVLRQVWR&DWKROLFLVPHOVHZKHUH,Q Aquinas FKDSWHU7KHUHDUHRIFRXUVHELWVDQGSLHFHVDOOWKURXJKYRO9DQG,DP UHODWLRQ WR WKH WZR VWXGHQW FRQYHUWV ZKRP , NQHZ &ROLQ 1HWWHOEHFN DQG$OHF ZRUNLQJRQDVKRUWERRNRQERWKLVVXHVZKLFK,KRSHWRILQLVKLQWKHQH[W\HDURU +\VORS , QHYHU NQHZ DQG QHYHU HQTXLUHG DERXW ZKDW PRYHG WKHP WRZDUGV VR0\MXGJPHQWVRQWKHVHPDWWHUVKDYHUHPDLQHGLQDOOHVVHQWLDOVWKHVDPHDVWKH &DWKROLFLVP,KDGRQHFRQYHUVDWLRQLQDVXEXUEDQVWUHHWZLWK$OHFLQZKLFKZH RQHV,IRUPHGLQ DJUHHGWKDWLIWKHUHLVDQ\WUXWKLQWKHFODLPVDERXWUHYHODWLRQWKH\DUHWREHIRXQG 6R,ZRXOGDFFHSWWKDW³WKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF&KXUFKVHHPHG> FDPHWRVHHP@WR LQWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKDVWKHRQO\SODXVLEOHVXFFHVVRUWRZKDWHYHU-HVXVIRXQGHG >)LQQLV@WKHRQHWUXH&KXUFK´%XWDVWR³FRQILGHQWXQFKDQJLQJDQGIUHHRIWKH LQ KLV OLIH RQ (DUWK &ROLQ 1HWWHOEHFN ZKRP , FDPH WR NQRZ LQ WKH$GHODLGH ILFNOHQHVV«´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¶V ZKHUH,UHVLGHGWKURXJKRXW 6SHQFHU KLVWRU\RIWKH&KXUFK 'XQNHUOH\KDGDIHZFRQYHUVDWLRQVZLWKPHLQZKLFK,PXVWKDYHWRXFKHGRQWKDW $ERXWWKHTXHVWLRQRIUHSXEOLFDWLRQ,UHPDLQYHU\XQFHUWDLQ3DUWLFXODUO\DERXWWKHWZRZLWK SUREOHPDQGKHOHQWPHVRPHVPDOOERRNVE\DQ(QJOLVK&DWKROLFSULHVW-'% 'HV&RRSHULQZKLFKKHZLOOKDYHKDGWKHOHDGLQJKDQG,WKLQN±DQGKHLVQRWSDUWRI\RXU +DZNLQV JLYLQJ FULWLFDO DFFRXQWV RI /RFNH %HUNHOH\ +XPH HW DO , GR QRW VWRU\,KDYHQRW\HWKDGWLPHWRORRNDWDQ\RIWKHPH[FHSWWKHORQJHVVD\ ,KDYHWKH SRVVHVVWKHPDQGKDYHQHYHUJRQHEDFNWRWKHPWKRXJK,WKRXJKWWKH\ZHUHYHU\ On DitVLQDERXQGIRUPDW ,ZLOOUHVHUYHMXGJPHQWLI,PD\ JRRGDQGKDYHQRUHDVRQQRZWRGRXEWLWORRNLQJDWWKHFDWDORJXHVQRZ,VXSSRVH :LWKDOOJRRGZLVKHV WKH\ SUREDEO\ ZHUH KLV The Criticism of Experience DQG Causality and -RKQ Implication DQG SRVVLEO\ KLV Approach to Philosophy DQG The Essentials of Theism 'XQNHUOH\ SUREDEO\ DOVR VXJJHVWHG UHDGLQJ 1HZPDQ DQG WKDW , GLG WKRXJK ZLWK PL[HG DSSUHFLDWLRQ QRWDEO\ KLV Apologia pro Vita SuaDQGWRVRPHH[WHQWKLVA Grammar of Assent ,WKLQN&ROLQ1HWWHOEHFNKDVPHQWLRQHGWR\RXWKHLQIOXHQFHRI)U0LFKDHO6FRWW 6-,ZRXOGQRWSODFHPXFKVWUHVVRQWKLVWKHILUVWWLPH,UHDOO\VSRNHWRKLPZDV ZKHQ,KDGGHFLGHGDIWHUPXFKWKRXJKWWKDW&DWKROLFLVPZDVYHU\SUREDEO\WUXH The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

$SSHQGL[6KHDUHU LQ WKDW GLUHFWLRQ &UXFLDO LQ P\ UHDGLQJ ZDV -RKQ +HQU\1HZPDQ¶V ³7KH 'HYHORSPHQW RI &KULVWLDQ 'RFWULQH´ DQG KLV ³$SRORJLD 3UR 9LWD 6XD´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¶V\HDUVDVDQXQGHUJUDGXDWHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI 0DVVLQ/DWLQZDVDOVRDSRZHUIXODWWUDFWLRQ IRUWXQDWHO\,ZDVDJRRG/DWLQVFKRODU 7KH $GHODLGH /DZ 6FKRRO ± GLG QRW H[DFWO\ FRLQFLGH ZLWK P\ RZQ , EHJDQ DW WKH EHDXW\RIWKHOLWXUJ\ZDVHQKDQFHGDWKLJKPDVVHVE\WKHPXVLFRIIDPRXVFRPSRVHUVZKR 8QLYHUVLW\LQDQGFRPSOHWHGFRXUVHUHTXLUHPHQWVLQ,QGHHGLQWKDWODVW\HDU,ZDV ZHUH PRVWO\ &DWKROLF , IHOW GUDZQ WR D FRPPXQLW\ RI VDLQWV DQG VLQQHUV WR SHRSOH RI DOO HIIHFWLYHO\DSDUWWLPHVWXGHQWVLQFH,KDGHQWHUHGLQWRDUWLFOHVRIFOHUNVKLSDQGVSHQWPRVWRI UDFHVWKHDULVWRFUDF\DQGWKHJUHDWXQZDVKHGDUWLVWLFJHQLXVHVIDPRXVZULWHUVDQGMXVWSODLQ P\WLPHDWWKHRIILFHVRI*HQGHUV:LOVRQDQG%UD\,JUDGXDWHGLQ$SULO RUGLQDU\SHRSOHGRLQJWKHLUEHVW,WZDVQRWDSODFHRQO\IRU³UHVSHFWDEOHSHRSOH´RQHGLGQRW ,UHPHPEHU-RKQ)LQQLVEXWRQO\GLVWDQWO\+HZDVHGLWRUIRUDWLPHRIOn DitWKH QHHGWRZHDUDWLHWR0DVV VWXGHQWQHZVSDSHUDQGGUDJJHGLWRXWRIWKHGROGUXPV,UHPHPEHUHVSHFLDOO\RQHHGLWLRQRI 2IFRXUVHUHDVRQDQGHPRWLRQFDQWDNHRQHMXVWVRIDUWRWKHHGJHRIIDLWK7KHILQDO WKDWSDSHUDVSRRIRQThe Sunday Mail$GHODLGH¶VRQO\6XQGD\QHZVSDSHU,WFDPHRXWDV VWHSZDVDOHDSRIIDLWKRQH,KDYHQHYHUUHJUHWWHG ³The Mundane Snail´ 0RVW RWKHU HGLWLRQV KRZHYHU ZHUH VHULRXV DQG WKH OD\RXW ZDV ,ZDVUHFHLYHGLQWRWKH&KXUFKLQ6W)UDQFLV;DYLHU¶V&DWKHGUDO$GHODLGHGXULQJWKH VWURQJO\UHPLQLVFHQWRIWKHManchester Guardian Weekly (DVWHU(YHYLJLOFHUHPRQLHVLQ7KHUHZHUHVHYHUDORWKHUVLQFOXGLQJ%LOO+ROGVZRUWK ,GRQRWUHPHPEHUWKHPLVVLRQRIE\)U-RKQVWRQH6-RI0HOERXUQH ,WKLQNKH DQG -RKQ +HQVOH\ ODWHU WR EHFRPH D 'RPLQLFDQ SULHVW DV )U %HQHGLFW +HQVOH\ 23 ZDVUHFWRURI1HZPDQ&ROOHJHDW0HOERXUQH $WWKDWWLPH,ZDVVHUYLQJDVDQ$VVRFLDWHWR $UFKELVKRS%HRYLFKKLPVHOIFRQGXFWHGWKHFHUHPRQ\DQG FRQGLWLRQDOO\UHEDSWLVHG XV³Si WKH6XSUHPH&RXUWMXGJH6LU%UXFH5RVVDQGWKXVZDVSUREDEO\QRWWKHUH:KDW,UHPHPEHU non baptizatus es, ego te baptizo in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti´ 6LQFHWKDWWLPH FOHDUO\LVWKHIHUPHQWRIUHOLJLRXVGHEDWHZLWKLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\LQWKHSHULRG±7KHVH FRQYHUWV IURP $QJOLFDQLVP DQG /XWKHUDQLVP DUH QR ORQJHU FRQGLWLRQDOO\ UHEDSWLVHG WKHLU ZHUHKXJHO\DWWHQGHGDIIDLUVFRQVLVWLQJRIUHJXODUOXQFKWLPHGHEDWHVEHWZHHQWKHWZR6FRWWV HDUOLHUEDSWLVPVDUHQRZDFFHSWHGDVYDOLG )U0LFKDHO6FRWW6-5HFWRURI$TXLQDV&ROOHJHDQG0U-HII6FRWWDSHUSHWXDOVWXGHQWDQG , ZDV ZDUQHG E\ P\ $QJOLFDQ IULHQGV WKDW VXEPLVVLRQ WR ³WKH 5RPDQ REHGLHQFH´ DWKHLVW:KDWLVUHPDUNDEOHDERXWWKHVHGHEDWHVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHJHQHUDOODFNRILQWHUHVWLQ ZRXOGFRPHDWDFRVW7KHKHDG\HDUO\GD\VRIWKHSRQWLILFDWHRI-RKQ;;,,, ± UHOLJLRQ DOWKRXJKSHUKDSVQRWDOWRJHWKHULQVSLULWXDOLW\ E\WKHVWXGHQWVRIWRGD\LVWKDWWKH\ ZKLFKEUHDWKHGQHZOLIHLQWRWKH&KXUFKZHUHIROORZHGE\WKHGLVPD\LQJUHDIILUPDWLRQRIWKH HQJDJHGVXFKSDVVLRQDWHDQGZLGHVSUHDGLQWHUHVW SURKLELWLRQ RI DUWLILFLDO PHWKRGV RI ELUWK FRQWURO E\ 3RSH 3DXO 9, LQ ³Humanae Vitae´ LQ ,EHFDPHLQWHUHVWHGLQ5RPDQ&DWKROLFLVPDWDERXWWKLVWLPHSDUWO\DVDUHVXOWRIWKH $IHZFRQYHUWVRIWKH)LQQLVHUDOHIWWKH&KXUFKDVDUHVXOW,QGHHGWKHUHZDVDPDVVLYH GHEDWHVEHWZHHQWKH6FRWWVLQZKLFK,FDPHWRVHHWKHVWUHQJWKRIWKH&DWKROLFSRVLWLRQDQG GHIHFWLRQZRUOGZLGHLQFOXGLQJPDQ\SULHVWVQRWDOOEHFDXVHRIHumanae VitaeEXWWKURXJK SDUWO\ EHFDXVH PRVW RI P\ IULHQGV DW 8QLYHUVLW\ KDSSHQHG WR EH &DWKROLFV 'DYLG .HOO\ GLVDSSRLQWPHQW WKDW WKH SURPLVH RI UHIRUPV VHW LQ WUDLQ E\ WKH &RXQFLO ZHUH QRW EHLQJ *HUYDVH&ROHVDQGKLVEURWKHU+LODU\DQG+HOHQ%DUGROSK:HZHUHDOVRWDXJKWE\3URIHVVRU IROORZHGWKURXJK7KHGHQLDORI+RO\&RPPXQLRQWRWKHGLYRUFHGDQGUHPDUULHGZDVDQRWKHU 'DQLHO 2¶&RQQHOO ZKR LQ KLV MXULVSUXGHQFH OHFWXUHV LQWURGXFHG XV WR QDWXUDO ODZ WKHRU\ HPEDUUDVVPHQW )RUWXQDWHO\ QRZ XQGHU 3RSH )UDQFLV WKLV UXOH VHHPV FHUWDLQ WR EH UH 2¶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he Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

$OWKRXJK,ZDVQRWLQFRQWDFWZLWK-RKQ)LQQLVGXULQJWKHVH\HDUVLWLVFOHDUWKDWKH $SSHQGL[1HWWHOEHFN UHPDLQHG ILUP LQ KLV DOOHJLDQFH ,QGHHG KH DSSHDUV WR KDYH EHFRPH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ZKDW (PHULWXV3URIHVVRU&ROLQ1HWWHOEHFN 8QLYHUVLW\RI0HOERXUQH PLJKWEHWHUPHGWKHFRQVHUYDWLYHZLQJRIWKH&KXUFK+HLVUXPRXUHGWRKDYHKHOSHGLQWKH )$+$%$ $GHODLGH GUDIWLQJRIVRPHRI3RSH-RKQ3DXO,,¶VHQF\FOLFDOV2QHRIKLVVRQVLVQDPHG-RKQ3DXO Doctorat d’Université 3DULV Dip Phonétique 'HVSLWHP\OLPLWHGNQRZOHGJHRI)LQQLV,WKLQN,FDQVD\WKDWKHZDVQRWLQDQ\VHQVH Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur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

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

%HIRUH -RKQ ZHQW WR (QJODQG DQG EHIRUH , ZHQW WR )UDQFH ZH ZHUH YHU\ FORVH LQ WRSXWWRJHWKHUDQLQWHUHVWLQJMLJVDZSX]]OH DQG )LQQLV¶VDQVZHUZKLFK,ZRXOGKDYHWR PDQ\ZD\V:H VKDUHGWLPH LQ PLOLWDU\VHUYLFH H[FKDQJHG ZULWLQJVFRPSRVHGµZKLVWOLQJ¶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¶6XOOLYDQ¶VWDONV+DYLQJFRQFHGHGWKDWWKHVHWDONVPLJKW 'DYLG+LOOLDUG¶VFRPPHQWVPDNHDORWRIVHQVHWRPHERWKRQDQLQGLYLGXDOOHYHODQG EHVXLWDEOHIRUWKHµ5HDGHU¶V'LJHVWRUIRUWKH%DQNVRIWKH

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

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¶WRIIHUPXFKDERXWKLVLQQHU IXUWKHUGHWDLODQGWKLQNDERXWSXEOLFDWLRQ-RKQPLJKWDOORZXVWRDGGKLVVWXGHQWDUWLFOHVDQG MRXUQH\,WKLQN\RXUSUHVHQWWH[WULVNVEHLQJUDWKHUWRRVSHFXODWLYHDQGWKDW\RXFRXOGFOHDU SHUKDSVVRPHFRPPHQWV7KH8QLYHUVLW\ZRXOGWKHQEHSUHSDUHGWRSXEOLVKDOOWKLVDVDVPDOO XSVRPHRIWKHTXHULHVTXLWHUHDGLO\E\DVNLQJWKRVHPRVWGLUHFWO\FRQFHUQHG ERRN,IKHGRHVQRWZDQWWRVHHKLVHDUO\DUWLFOHVDGGHGWKHSLHFHPLJKWILQGDSODFHLQWKH ,ZDVFXULRXVWRVHHP\QDPHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHHGLWRULDOSDJHVRIOn Dit,KDYHQR Adelaide Law Review,VKRXOGEHPRVWJUDWHIXOLI\RXFRXOGILQGWKHWLPHWRKDYHDORRNDW PHPRU\RIFRQWULEXWLQJRWKHUWKDQWKURXJKDVHULHVRIOLWWOHSLHFHV,ZURWHIURP3DULVZKLFK WKHOHFWXUHDQGWHOOPHZKHWKHUDQGZKHUH,KDYHJRQHZURQJSDUWLFXODUO\LQSDUDSKUDVLQJRU VRPHUHDGHUVUHDOO\KDWHG TXRWLQJZKDW\RXKDYHWROGPH $K'HUUHQFH6WHYHQVRQ+HZDVRXUEDFNIHQFHQHLJKERXULQ7UDQPHUHDQG,WKLQN +RUVW WKH QHSKHZ RI WKH EXLOGHU UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH KRXVH , OLYHG LQ ZLWK P\ IDPLO\ XQWLO , OHIW $GHODLGH%XW,KDGQRLGHDWKDW)LQQLVEHDWKLPLQDQ65&HOHFWLRQ &ROLQ 'HDU+RUVW 6RUU\WRKDYHEHHQVRVORZLQDQVZHULQJ:HOHIW0HOERXUQH$SULODQGRQO\JRWEDFN WKLV ZHHN YLD ,UDQ DQG RWKHU SODFHV , P JODG WKH OHFWXUH ZHQW ZHOO +DYLQJ UHDG LW 'HDU+RUVW WKURXJK,DPVXUHWKDWLWZLOOKDYHHYRNHGDORWRINHHQPHPRULHV ,JXHVVLWLVP\WUDLQLQJDQGSUDFWLFHDVDKLVWRULDQWKDWKDVSURYRNHGP\FRQFHUQDERXWKRZ ,KDYHRQO\RQHFRPPHQWRQWKHSDUWVWKDWFRQFHUQPH,ZDV3URIHVVRURI)UHQFK PXFK\RXDUHUHO\LQJRQWKRVHSXEOLVKHGVRXUFHVEXWQRGRXEW-RKQZLOOKDYHVRPHWKRXJKWV DW 0HOERXUQH QRW RI /LQJXLVWLFV , ZDV KHDG RI WKH 6FKRRO RI /DQJXDJHV ZKLFK ZKHQ\RXGRVXEPLW\RXUGUDIWWRKLP,¶PSUHWW\VXUHKHZRXOGQ¶WEHWRRFRQFHUQHGDERXW LQFOXGHGOLQJXLVWLFVDQGQRZGRHVIRUPDOO\LQLWVQDPH EXWWKDWZDVDQDGPLQLVWUDWLYH KRZ KLV SRVLWLRQV RQ FRQWURYHUVLDO WRSLFV PLJKW EH UHFHLYHG KH PXVW KDYH KDG WR IDFH UDWKHUWKDQDGLVFLSOLQDU\UROH RSSRVLWLRQRQWKRVHPDQ\WLPHVRYHU &ROLQ ,QUHODWLRQWR0LFKDHO6P\WK,GRQ WWKLQNKHZRXOGKDYHOLYHGORQJHQRXJKWRPDNH $SSHQGL[1HWWHOEHFNQR LWWRDFKDLU+HZDVLQKLVPLGWKLUWLHVZKHQKHGLHGRIVWRPDFKFDQFHUDKXJHORVVWRKLV &ROLQ1HWWHOEHFN¶VUHFROOHFWLRQV PDQ\IULHQGVDQGWRKLVIDPLO\DQGLQGHHGWR$XVWUDOLDQVFLHQFH/LNH)LQQLVDQGPHKHGLGD VWLQWLQ&DOLIRUQLDEHIRUHUHWXUQLQJWR$GHODLGH,YLVLWHGKLPLQ9HQLFH&DOLIRUQLDLQWKHODWH ,ZDVUHFHLYHGLQWRWKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKRQWKH)HDVWRI&RUSXV&KULVWL -XQH ,OHIW VDV,GLGRIWHQHQRXJKLQ2[IRUGZKLOHKHZDVWKHUHDQGLQ$GHODLGHRQFHKHUHWXUQHG IRU3DULVLQ6HSWHPEHUWKDW\HDU,KDGEHHQUHFHLYLQJLQVWUXFWLRQIURP)U0LFKDHO6FRWW6-IRU +LVVSHFLDOLVPZDVZKDWKHFDOOHGµHFRORJ\¶GHILQHGDVWKHVWXG\RIDQLPDOVLQWKHLUQDWXUDO PXFKRIWKHSUHFHGLQJ\HDU KDELWDW+HZDVSDUWLFXODUO\LQWHUHVWHGLQPLFHDQGRWKHUVPDOOURGHQWVDQGDWWKHHQGRIKLV , ZRXOG VD\ WKDW WKH SURFHVV OHDGLQJ XS WR WKH VRFDOOHG µFRQYHUVLRQ¶ EHJDQ ZLWK D OLIHZDVVWXG\LQJURGHQWSRSXODWLRQVRQWKHHGJHVRIWKH6RXWK$XVWUDOLDQVDOWODNHV+HZDV UHVWOHVVQHVVRIVSLULWWKDWEHFDPHHYLGHQWLQP\ILQDO\HDURIVHFRQGDU\VFKRRO ,ZDVD DOZD\V WKH YRLFH RI VFLHQWLILF UHDVRQLQJ SDVVLRQDWH DERXW LW EXW DOORZHG KLPVHOI WR WXVVOH VWXGHQWDW3ULQFH$OIUHG&ROOHJHDWWKDWWLPHD0HWKRGLVWVFKRRO'LUHFWLRQEHFDPHFOHDUHUWR ZLWK WKH ELJ TXHVWLRQV RI WKH FRVPLF µ:+<"¶ +H ZDV IURP WKH FRXQWU\ 6DOWHUV 6SULQJV PHLQWKHFRXUVHRIP\XQLYHUVLW\IULHQGVKLSVZLWKYDULRXV&DWKROLFVDQGWKHUHZDVDVWURQJ ZKHUH KLV IDPLO\ IDUPHG +H ZDV VFKRRO FDSWDLQ DW 3ULQFH $OIUHG &ROOHJH D YHU\ DEOH WKUHDGWKDWFDPHWKURXJKP\)UHQFKVWXGLHVFRXUVH VSRUWVPDQDVZHOODVEHLQJDFDGHPLFDOO\EULOOLDQW,KDYHWKLVYDJXHPHPRU\WKDWKHPD\KDYH , ZDV DV D FKLOG EDSWLVHG DQG FRQILUPHG LQ WKH$QJOLFDQ &KXUFK , WDXJKW 6XQGD\ KHOGWKHUDQNRI5HDGHUEXW,¶PQRWVXUHRIWKDW 6FKRROWROLWWOHFKLOGUHQZKHQ,ZDVLQP\PLGWHHQVEXWWKHQµODSVHG¶,GRQ¶WWKLQN,HYHU &ROLQ EHFDPHDUHDOQRQEHOLHYHU , KDG QR SROLWLFDO LQWHUHVW RU DFWLYLW\ DW XQLYHUVLW\ , FHUWDLQO\ KDYH QR PHPRU\ RI DWWHQGLQJDQ\PLVVLRQV,KDGQHYHUKHDUGRI0DQQL[WKH'/3RU6DQWDPDULD ZLWKZKRP, 'HDU&ROLQ EHFDPHIDPLOLDUWKURXJKDQ$XVWUDOLDQIULHQGLQ3DULV ,GLGDWWHQGZLWK&DWKROLFIULHQGVD )XUWKHUWRP\HDUOLHUHPDLOV,VKRXOGOHW\RXNQRZWKDW,JDYH P\ OHFWXUHLQ$GHODLGHRQ IHZOLWXUJLHVDWWKH0RQDVWHU\DW*OHQ2VPRQG $SULO,WZDVZHOODWWHQGHG-RKQ¶VVLVWHUV&DWKHULQHDQG-DQHZHUHLQWKHDXGLHQFH ,KDYHVLQFHWKDWWLPHRIFRXUVHPHGLWDWHGRQDOONLQGVRISV\FKRORJLFDOUHDVRQVWKDW &DWKHULQHZURWHWRPHDIWHUZDUGVVKHVHHPHGSOHDVHGZLWKZKDWVKHKDGKHDUG2WKHUVZKR UHDGLHGPHIRUWKHPRYHLQWRSUDFWLVLQJ&DWKROLFLVPDWWKHWLPHDVZHOODVWKHIULHQGVKLSV ZHUHWKHUHZHUH'DYLG+LOOLDUG)U%HQ+HQVOH\%LOO+ROGVZRUWK/HH.HUVWHQ3HWHU+RZHOO DQGSRHWVOLNH(OLRWDQG+RSNLQVWKHWZRFULWLFDOH[SHULHQFHVIRUPHZHUH DQG VRPH RI P\ IRUPHU /DZ 6FKRRO FROOHDJXHV -RKQ %DQQRQ PDGH H[WHQVLYH FRPPHQWV 7KH%UHVVRQILOPRI%HUQDQRV¶VDiary of a Country Priest The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

7KHSpiritual ExercisesRI6DLQW,JQDWLXV $SSHQGL[+HQVOH\ 7KHIRUPHUVFUHHQHGDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\ILOPFOXEWRXFKHGPHLQDWUXO\WUDQVIRUPDWLYHZD\,W )U%HQ+HQVOH\23 ZDVZKLOH,ZDVZRUNLQJP\ZD\WKURXJKWKHODWWHU²DQG,FDQ¶WUHPHPEHUKRZWKH\FDPH 6W/DXUHQFH3ULRU\1RUWK$GHODLGH P\ZD\²WKDW,FRQWDFWHG$TXLQDV&ROOHJHDQGDVNHGWREHJLYHQLQVWUXFWLRQ , ZRXOG VD\ WKDW LW ZDV LQ 3DULV UDWKHU WKDQ $GHODLGH WKDW P\ SHUVRQDO VSLULWXDO GLUHFWLRQWRRNWKHVKDSHWKDWKDVJXLGHGPHVLQFH,EHFDPHWKRURXJKO\LQYROYHGLQFKXUFK OLIH GDLO\ PDVV HWF DQG HQJDJHG ZLWK PDQ\ HQULFKLQJ DFWLYLWLHV WKURXJK WKH VWXGHQW 'HDU)DWKHU%HQ+HQVOH\ FKDSODLQF\DWWKH6RUERQQH WKH&HQWUH5LFKHOLHX ZKLFKLQYROYHGWKHRORJ\FRXUVHVZLWKWKH ,YDQ6KHDUHUDQG%LOO+ROGVZRUWKKDYHERWKVXJJHVWHGWKDW\RXPLJKWQRWPLQGLI,ZHUHWR OLNHVRI-HDQ'DQLpORX6-WKHDQQXDO&KDUWUHVSLOJULPDJHIUHTXHQWGLVFXVVLRQVDERXW9DWLFDQ FRQWDFW \RX VHHNLQJ VRPH LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH FRQYHUVLRQ WR WKH &DWKROLF IDLWK RI -RKQ ,,DQGVRRQ,GLGP\GRFWRUDOWKHVLVRQ*HRUJHV%HUQDQRVDQGWKURXJKWKDWZRUNFDPHWR )LQQLV , KDYH XQGHUWDNHQ WR JLYH D OHFWXUH LQ $GHODLGH RQ WKDW VXEMHFW VHH WKH DWWDFKHG NQRZDJRRGGHDODERXWWKHUHOLJLRXVDQGSROLWLFDOWHQVLRQVDQGFRQIOLFWVLQ)UDQFHVLQFHWKH DQQRXQFHPHQW $V\RXSUREDEO\NQRZ-RKQ)LQQLVKDVEHFRPHRQHRI2[IRUG¶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¶WWKLQN,ILWYHU\ZHOOWKHSDWWHUQV\RXGHVFULEH,GLGKRZHYHUFRQVLGHU-RKQ WRKDYHJLYHQPHDFFRXQWVRIWKHSHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFHVZKLFKOHGWKHPWRWDNHWKLVVWHS,DP )LQQLVDQG$OHF+\VORSP\FORVHVWIULHQGV+RZWKH\VDZPH,FDQQRWVD\EXWLWIHOWDVLIWKH LQWHUHVWHGLQWKLVEHFDXVHLWPXVWVXUHO\H[SODLQWRVRPHH[WHQWZK\)LQQLVMRLQHGWKLVJURXS IULHQGVKLSZDVPXWXDO:HFHUWDLQO\FRPPXQLFDWHGGHHSO\DQGFRQVWDQWO\DERXWPDQ\WKLQJV 'DYLG+LOOLDUGRI)OLQGHUV8QLYHUVLW\KDVFRPPHQWHGDVIROORZV :KHQ,ZURWHWKDW,IRXQG'DYLG+LOOLDUG¶VWH[WSODXVLEOHZKDW,PHDQWZDVWKLV µ2QH RI WKH DWWUDFWLRQV RI WKH 5RPDQ &DWKROLF &KXUFK EHIRUH WKH V ¶ VHH $WDWLPHZKHQUHOLJLRXVGLVFXVVLRQVZHUHSDUWDQGSDUFHORIHYHU\GD\OLIH DQGIURPWRGD\¶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²'RQQHDQG0DUYHOO²DQGWKHQRIWKHFULVSFODULWLHVRI'U\GHQDQG TXLWHDVWRQLVKHGDVDQRYLFHZLWKWKH'RPLQLFDQVLQ0HOERXUQHLQZKHQDSSURDFKHGE\ 3RSH$QGZHZHUHSOXQJHGLQWR(OL]DEHWKDQWUDJHG\0DUORZHDQG6KDNHVSHDUHDQGWKHELJ )U3DWULFN)DUUHOOZKRDVNHGPHLI,NQHZRID-RKQ)LQQLV)U)DUUHOOKDGZULWWHQDWUHQFKDQW TXHVWLRQVWKH\HYRNHG,WKLQNLWZRXOGEHUHGXFWLYHWRGHVFULEHWKHLQWHOOHFWXDODQGVSLULWXDO DQG GHWDLOHG DUWLFOH ZKLFK ZDV SXEOLVKHG LQ WKH 0HOERXUQH µ$GYRFDWH¶ XQGHU WKH WLWOH IHUPHQWWKDWZHH[SHULHQFHGLQWHUPVOLPLWHGWRWKHVRFLRORJ\RIUHOLJLRQ µ$FDGHPLFV DVVDLO FHQWUDO &KULVWLDQ SRVLWLRQV¶ +H KDG VWDWHG LQVWDQFHV LQ ZKLFK KH &ROLQ1HWWHOEHFN FRQVLGHUHG WKDW VRPH SKLORVRSKHUV LQ FULWLFLVLQJ FHUWDLQ &KULVWLDQ WHQHWV KDG QRW FRUUHFWO\ 0DUFK JUDVSHG WKRVH WHQHWV ,Q WKH IOXUU\ RI GLVFRQWHQWPHQW RYHU )U )DUUHOO¶V SLHFH H[SUHVVHG LQ OHWWHUVE\VRPH&DWKROLFDFDGHPLFVZRUNLQJLQSKLORVRSK\RUUHODWHGILHOGVDOHWWHURIVWURQJ VXSSRUWDUULYHGIURPRQH-RKQ)LQQLV+DYLQJUHDGD\HDURUVRHDUOLHULQOn DitDSLHUFLQJ FULWLTXHRID&DWKROLF0LVVLRQDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ZULWWHQE\-RKQZLWKDQRWKHUVWXGHQW ZKRVH QDPH,WKLQNZDV3RUWHU ,UHPHPEHUDFHUWDLQVDGQHVVDWILQGLQJ-RKQVRVHHPLQJO\DQWL &DWKROLF+HVKRZHGVXFKDVKLQLQJLQWHOOLJHQFH7KH\KDGDUJXHGWKDWWKHSULHVWJLYLQJWKH

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

WDONV KDG WR EH HLWKHU D NQDYH RU D IRRO +HQFH P\ JUHDW VXUSULVH DW -RKQ V VXSSRUW RI RXU , GR KRSH DOO JRHV ZHOO ZLWK \RXU SUHVHQWDWLRQ , IRXQG \RXU DWWDFKPHQW PRVW &DWKROLFDSRORJLVW LQWHUHVWLQJDQGLQIRUPDWLYHDV,KDGQRWNQRZQRI-RKQ¶VVWXG\RIWKH(QJOLVKSKLORVRSKHUV 6XFKDVFDUFHO\UHOHYDQWUHPLQLVFHQFHPD\LQGLFDWHOLWWOHPRUHWKDQP\DSSUHFLDWLRQ \RXPHQWLRQ RIWKHPDJQLWXGHRI DQGGHOLJKWLQ WKHHYHQWRI-RKQ¶VUHFHSWLRQLQWRWKH&KXUFK6HYHUDO ,KDGVHYHUDOKDSS\\HDUVLQ%ULVEDQHLQRXUSDULVKDW&DULQDIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJRI ILQHDQGJLIWHGVWXGHQWV±LQYDULRXVIDFXOWLHV±EHFDPH&DWKROLFVDW$GHODLGH8QLYHUVLW\LQ XQWLO7KHQDWLYHVDUHIULHQGO\ WKH¶V 7KH-HVXLW)UV6FRWW HVSHFLDOO\ *UHHQH DQG'DO\SUHVHQWHGD PRVWDWWUDFWLYH )U%HQ+HQVOH\ IDFHRIWKH&KXUFK'U&RJKODQLQWKH*HUPDQ'HSDUWPHQWWRRKDGDQRWDEOHLQIOXHQFH

7KDQN \RX IRU \RXU LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ UHFHQW GHYHORSPHQWV FRQFHUQLQJ \RXU SURMHFW RQ WKH $SSHQGL[+ROGVZRUWK FRQYHUVLRQRI-RKQ)LQQLV,ZDVSOHDVHGWROHDUQRIKLVUHVSRQVHWR\RXUPDQXVFULSW,UHPDLQ :LOOLDP+ROGVZRUWK VRPHZKDWDVWRQLVKHGDWWKHIDFWRIVXFKDOHFWXUHKDYLQJEHHQGHOLYHUHGXQGHUWKHDXVSLFHVRI $PDWHXUYLJQHURQ6RXWK$XVWUDOLD WKH/DZ6FKRRO3HUKDSVVRPHWKLQJRIWKHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHODWH3URI2¶&RQQHOOKDVOLQJHUHG, UHPHPEHUKHDULQJDQXQHQWKXVLDVWLFVWXGHQWRQWKHZD\WR'3¶V-XULVSUXGHQFHOHFWXUHPXWWHU WKDW WKH\ ZHUH µJRLQJ RII WR FDWHFKLVP¶ 3HUVRQDOO\ , ZDV GHOLJKWHG ZLWK KLV -XULVSUXGHQFH FRXUVH,VXSSRVHJHQHUDOO\VSHDNLQJUHOLJLRXVFRQYLFWLRQVDQGFRQQHFWLRQVZHUHNHSWTXLWH 'HDU%LOO VHSDUDWHIURPWKHVWXG\RI/DZ,QWKH¶VDQG¶V3URWHVWDQWVDQG&DWKROLFVWHQGHGWR $V\RXSUREDEO\NQRZ-RKQ)LQQLVKDVEHFRPHRQHRI2[IRUG¶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¶VZRUN)URPPHPRU\LWZDVWKDWKHVDLG,WKDWUHQGHUHG-RKQ¶VWRXUGHIRUFHWRKLV MRLQHGWKLVJURXS'DYLG+LOOLDUGRI)OLQGHUV8QLYHUVLW\KDVFRPPHQWHGDVIROORZV PLQGµLPSHUWLQHQW¶ " ,ZRXOGKDYHOLNHGWRKDYHKHDUGWKHFRPPHQWHODERUDWHGIXUWKHU ³2QHRIWKHDWWUDFWLRQVRIWKH5RPDQ&DWKROLF&KXUFKEHIRUHWKHV VHH , ORRN IRUZDUG WR WKH DSSURSULDWH IRRWQRWH V \RX LQWHQG WR VHQG QRWLQJ DJDLQ WKH $SSHQGL[+LOOLDUG LQVLJQLILFDQFH RI DQ\ SDUW , PD\ KDYH KDG RQ WKH JHQHUDO VFHQH DW WKH WLPH RI -RKQ¶V

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

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¶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µ7KHVWXGHQWVLQWKHHDUO\VL[WLHVVHHPHGWRWKLQNRIQRWKLQJRWKHUWKDQUHOLJLRQ, LWVSURYHQDQFHDVWRLWVIRXQGHUDV\RXSXWLWZDVDOVRXSSHUPRVWLQKLVPLQG,YDQ6KHDUHU VXVSHFW WKDW WKH SUHYDOHQFH RI VWXGHQWV ZKR FDPH IURP UHOLJLRXVO\ RULHQWHG KLJK VFKRROV ZKHUH WKH\ ZHUH WDXJKW UHOLJLRQ DQG KDG WR DWWHQG GDLO\ UHOLJLRXV ULWXDOV KDVWROGPHWKDWLQKLVFDVHWKHLQIOXHQFHRI'DQ2¶&RQQHOOZDVDIDFWRU

The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

,¶OOJHWEDFNWR\RXLQDIHZZHHNV¶WLPH WKH XSSHUPLGGOHFODVV$QJOLFDQLVP RI 6W 3HWHU¶V &ROOHJH DQG 6W 0DUN¶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±RWKHU&KULVWLDQERGLHVZHUHEUHDNDZD\V±DQGLWVXQLYHUVDOLW\ 2[IRUGZKLFK PRUHWKDQ&DPEULGJH KDVVHHQDQXPEHURIGLVWLQJXLVKHGFRQYHUWVVLQFHWKH H[LVWLQJ LQ HYHU\ FRQWLQHQW DQG FRXQWU\ VLJQLILHG E\ WKH DOPRVW XQLYHUVDO DQG XQFKDQJLQJ V±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¶VLPDJLQDWLRQ7KHUROOFDOORI (QJOLVKLQWHOOHFWXDODQGOLWHUDU\FRQYHUWVLQWKHILUVWKDOIRIWKHWKFHQWXU\LVDQLQWHUHVWLQJ RQH2QHWKLQNVRIQRYHOLVWV*UDKDP*UHHQDQG(YHO\Q:DXJK*.&KHVWHUWRQ(ULF*LOO 'HDU3URIHVVRU/FNH SKLORVRSKHUV3HWHU*HDFK(OL]DEHWK$QVFRPEH-DPHV&DPHURQDQG0LFKDHO'XPPHWW%XW 7KDQN\RXIRUWKHXSGDWH

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¶YH KDG D OLIHORQJ LQWHUHVW LQ FRQYHUWV WR 7KH QXPEHU RI \RXWKIXO FRQYHUWV WR &DWKROLFLVP DW $GHODLGH 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ WKH &DWKROLFLVP LQLWLDOO\ , VXSSRVH EHFDXVH P\ PDWHUQDO JUDQGPRWKHU ZDV RQH EXW DOVR DV D VHDUO\VZDVQRWSDUWLFXODUO\ODUJHDVDSURSRUWLRQRIWKHQXPEHURIVWXGHQWV$QGLW VFKRROER\ , EHFDPH DQ DYLG UHDGHU RI WKH DXWRELRJUDSKLFDO ZULWLQJV VHUPRQV SROHPLFDO ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ JUHDWO\ VXUSDVVHG E\ WKH QXPEHUV RI VWXGHQWV UDLVHG LQ &DWKROLF IDPLOLHV ZRUNV DQG RWKHUSHRSOH¶V OLYHV RI PRUH SURPLQHQW FRQYHUWV VXFKDV 1HZPDQ &KHVWHUWRQ ZKRORVWWKHLUIDLWKDWXQLYHUVLW\DQGOHIWWKHFKXUFK0DQ\&DWKROLFELVKRSVDQGFOHUJ\VDZ 'RXJODV+\GH$OIUHG1R\HV$UQROG/XQQ-DFTXHV0DULWDLQ5RQDOG.QR[DQGVRRQ PRUH WKHXQLYHUVLWLHVDVDGDQJHUWRIDLWK WKDQ WZHQW\ LQ DOO DQG P\ RZQ ILUVW ERRN LQFLGHQWDOO\ LW ZDV WKH RQO\ RQH WKDW ZDV 0HDQZKLOHRWKHUVWXGHQWVUHEHOOHGDJDLQVWWKHLUQRQUHOLJLRXVIDPLOLHVE\KDYLQJDQ UHYLHZHGE\WKHTimes Literary Supplement ZDVRQ3URI7RP$UQROGWKHIDYRXULWHVRQRI HYDQJHOLFDO FRQYHUVLRQ WKURXJK WKH (YDQJHOLFDO 8QLRQ 2QH RI P\ IRUPHU FROOHDJXHV DW $UQROGRI5XJE\ZKREHFDPHD&DWKROLFLQZKLOHVHUYLQJDV,QVSHFWRURI6FKRROVLQ )OLQGHUVKDGWKDWH[SHULHQFH 9DQ'LHPHQ¶V/DQG 'DYLG+LOOLDUG

$SSHQGL[%URLQRZVNL 'ULYHQE\KLVQHZO\IRXQGIDLWKKHXVHGWRZULWHLQRUGLQDWHO\ORQJDUWLFOHVDERXWUHOLJLRQ+H 5LFKDUG%URLQRZVNL WRRN KLPVHOI YHU\ VHULRXVO\ LQGHHG :H SXEOLVKHG DOO RI WKHVH EXW WKH\ ZHUH UDWKHU VHOI 3UHVLGHQW$XVWUDOLDQ,QVWLWXWHRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO$IIDLUV16:%UDQFK LQGXOJHQWDQGZHSUREDEO\ORVWDORWRIRUGLQDU\VWXGHQWUHDGHUVDVDUHVXOW QRWWKDWZHFDUHG &RPPHQWDWRURQSXEOLFDIIDLUV DERXW FLUFXODWLRQ ILJXUHV , UHPHPEHU 0D[ +DUULV FDVWLJDWHG -RKQ LQ KLV 0DU\ 0DUWLQ $PEDVVDGRU WR 9LHWQDP ± .RUHD ± DQG 0H[LFR WKH &HQWUDO $PHULFDQ ERRNOLVWIRUEHLQJDSUHWHQWLRXVOLWWOHNQRZDOO,ZDVGHHSO\RIIHQGHGRQ-RKQ VEHKDOI,WULHG 5HSXEOLFVDQG&XED ± WROLIWOn DitFLUFXODWLRQE\UXQQLQJDFROXPQFDOOHG$EUHDVWRIWKH7LPHVZLWKDGLIIHUHQW *HQHUDO0DQDJHU5DGLR$XVWUDOLD ±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¶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¶VH[SHULHQFHV,LPDJLQHKHLVWRWKHIDU 6FLHQFH )DFXOW\ DQG ODWHU D 'RPLQLFDQ 6LVWHU DQG .HYLQ 0DJDUH\ 7KHUH DUH OLNHO\ WR EH ULJKWZLQJRI&DWKROLFSROLWLFVEXWWKDWZRXOGQRWGHWHUPH$QG,ZRXOGEHGHOLJKWHGWRJLYH PRUH,KDYHDOVRZULWWHQE\VQDLOPDLOWR)U'DO\ZKROLYHVLQ0HOERXUQH \RXDQ\IXUWKHUDVVLVWDQFH\RXPD\UHTXHVWIURPPHLQSUHSDULQJ\RXUOHFWXUHRQ$SULO,

UHLJQ FDPHWRVHHP@WR *HUPDQDFDGHPLFVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\)LQQLV@WKHRQHWUXH&KXUFK´%XWDVWR³FRQILGHQWXQFKDQJLQJDQGIUHHRIWKH DGGUHVV ILFNOHQHVV«´,WKLQNWKLVPLVVHVWKHPDUN7KHUHZDVFHUWDLQO\DWWKDWWLPHDNLQG 5LFKDUG RIXQLW\ LQIXQGDPHQWDOV DPRQJ&DWKROLFWKHRORJLDQVZULWLQJIRUWKHSXEOLFWKDW KDV QRZ HYDSRUDWHG DQG WKDW PDGH HDVLHU WKH MXGJPHQW WKDW WKLV LV WKH VDPH &KXUFKDV&KULVWIRXQGHGF$'%XW,ZDVYHU\FRQVFLRXVRIWKHGHYHORSPHQW RIGRFWULQHDERXWZKLFK1HZPDQZURWHDIDPRXVERRNDQGDERXWWKHWXPXOWXRXV 'HDU+RUVW KLVWRU\RIWKH&KXUFK¶ ,KDYHQ WKHDUGIURP\RXIRUDZKLOHDIWHURXULQLWLDOH[FKDQJHVRLWLVSOHDVLQJWRJHW\RXU ODWHVWPLVVLYHDQGDFRS\RI\RXUOHFWXUH,WKLQN\RXUOHFWXUHLVYHU\LQWHUHVWLQJ

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n DitSXEOLVKHG SOD\HG QR SDUWLQOHJDO HGXFDWLRQLQ$GHODLGH :KHQ)LQQLVEHFDPH D VWXGHQWLQWKH Dµ3HUVRQDO3RUWUDLW¶ DEVHQFH RI VXFK D FRPSRQHQW RI WKH FXUULFXOXP PLJKW KDYH VXUSULVHG KLP WRR IRU KH KDG -RKQ 0LWFKHOO )LQQLV ODVW \HDU FRPSOHWHG KLV KRQRXUV GHJUHH LQ ODZ DQG EHFDPH ZULWWHQPDQ\HVVD\VDW6W3HWHU¶V&ROOHJHZLWKH[FHOOHQWUHVXOWV,DUJXHGIRUWKHLQWURGXFWLRQ 6RXWK$XVWUDOLD¶V5KRGHV6FKRODUIRU+LVDFDGHPLFZRUNZKLOHUHDGLQJODZ RIVXFKDFRPSRQHQWWKURXJKRXWWKHFRXUVHDQGZDVJUDWLILHGZKHQ)LQQLVODWHUZURWHIURP KDVWRVD\WKHOHDVWEHHQGLVWLQJXLVKHGEXWKHKDVIRXQGWLPHIRUDYDULHW\RIRWKHU 2[IRUG LQDOHWWHUDGGUHVVHGWRRQHRIP\FROOHDJXHV WKDWKHDJUHHGZLWKP\YLHZVRQWKLV DFWLYLWLHV VXEMHFW7KH/DZ6FKRROGHVHUYHVOLWWOHFUHGLWIRUWKHZULWLQJVNLOOVZKLFK)LQQLVGHYHORSHG ,QKHZDV6HFUHWDU\RIWKH65&XQGHUWKH+\VORSUHJLPHDQGLQEHFDPH GXULQJKLVXQGHUJUDGXDWH\HDUV7KDWFUHGLWPXVWJRWR6W3HWHU¶V&ROOHJHDQGWROn DitAUM RQHRIWKHHGLWRUVRI³On Dit´ZLWKWKH&RRSHU)LQQLV%D\QHVWULXPYLUDWH +H KDV KDG DQ H[FHOOHQW GHEDWLQJ UHFRUG UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ WZR DQGThe Groaning StoneIRURIIHULQJVWXGHQWVWKHQHHGHGRSSRUWXQLWLHV $XVWUDOLDQ8QLYHUVLWLHV'HEDWLQJ&RQYHQWLRQVDQGUHFHQWO\DJDLQVWWKH1HZ=HDODQG %HIRUHKHVXEPLWWHGµ7KHRORJ\DQG&ULWLFLVP¶KLVPRVWVXEVWDQWLDOVWXGHQWDUWLFOHIRU 8QLYHUVLWLHV¶WRXULQJGHEDWLQJWHDP SXEOLFDWLRQ KH KDG VHQW D GUDIW WR &KDUOLH 0DUWLQ¶V $PHULFDQ DGGUHVV 1RW VXUSULVLQJO\ -RKQ ZKR KDV VWD\HG DW 6W 0DUN¶V &ROOHJH GXULQJ KLV 8QLYHUVLW\ OLIH KDV EHHQ 0DUWLQ¶V MXGJHPHQW ZDV µ6FKRODUVKLS DQG SKLORVRSK\ QRW ZRUWK\ RI DFDGHPLF MRXUQDO FRQQHFWHGZLWKDQGKDVGRQHDJUHDWGHDORIZRUNIRUWKH&ROOHJHFOXELQDUUDQJLQJ 'HEDWLQJWHFKQLTXHZRUWK\RISUHVHQWKLJKGHEDWLQJFOXEVWDQGDUGRI³2Q'LW´¶3HUKDSVLW OHFWXUHVUHYXHVDQGVRRQ ZDV D UDWKHU SRLQWHGO\ H[SUHVVHG UHMHFWLRQ RI )LQQLV¶V FULWLFLVP EXW 0DUWLQ ZDV +LVLPPHGLDWHSODQVDUHWRWDNHXSKLVVFKRODUVKLSDW2[IRUGWKLV\HDUDQGZULWHD XQGHUVWDQGDEO\RIIHQGHGE\VRPHRIWKHLQVXOWV)LQQLVKDGWKURZQDWKLP,JQRULQJWKHVH 'RFWRUDO7KHVLV,WLVKRSHGKHFDQEULJKWHQXS$XVWUDOLD¶VUHFRUGLQWKHVHKDOORZHG EXWPLOGHZHGZDOOV KHDWHG H[FKDQJHV DQG UHPHPEHULQJ P\ DGPLWWHGO\ OLPLWHG UHYLHZ RI µ7KHRORJ\ DQG &ULWLFLVP¶ RQH ZRXOG KDYH WR DJUHH WKDW WKH ZRUN ZRXOG QRW KDYH EHHQ DFFHSWHG E\ D )LQQLVSOD\HGKRFNH\DQGFULFNHWZKLOHDVWXGHQWDQGIRXQGWLPHWRFXOWLYDWHKLVIULHQGVKLSV SKLORVRSKLFDO MRXUQDO )LQQLV KDG SDLG WRR OLWWOH DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH DYDLODEOH SKLORVRSKLFDO &ROLQ 1HWWHOEHFN KDV H[SODLQHG µ%HIRUH -RKQ ZHQW WR (QJODQG DQG EHIRUH , ZHQW WR OLWHUDWXUH)LQQLVKLPVHOIZRXOGSUREDEO\DJUHHZLWKVXFKDQDVVHVVPHQWRIKLVXQGHUJUDGXDWH )UDQFH ZH ZHUH YHU\ FORVH LQ PDQ\ZD\V:H VKDUHG WLPH LQ PLOLWDU\ VHUYLFH H[FKDQJHG DUWLFOHV IRU KH KDV LQFOXGHG QRQH RI WKHVH LQ WKH ELEOLRJUDSK\ ZKLFK DFFRPSDQLHV HDFK ZULWLQJVFRPSRVHG³ZKLVWOLQJ´V\PSKRQLHVWRJHWKHUSOD\HGFKHVVKDGHQGOHVVGLVFXVVLRQV YROXPHRIWKHCollected Essays'XULQJKLV\HDUVDVDQXQGHUJUDGXDWH)LQQLVZDVVHUYLQJD PDQ\LQYROYLQJDQRWKHUIULHQG$OHF+\VORSZKRVHFRQYHUVLRQRFFXUUHGDURXQGWKHVDPHWLPH NLQG RIVHOILQIOLFWHGDSSUHQWLFHVKLSLQDFDGHPLFZULWLQJE\ KHZDV UHDG\$WD VWDII DVPLQH¶)LQQLVKDGOHDUQWWRSOD\WKHSLDQRDVDFKLOGDQGORYHGWROLVWHQWRFODVVLFDOPXVLF VHPLQDU KH VKRZHG XV ZKDW ZH KDG PLVVHG ZKHQ KH SUHVHQWHG KLV LGHDV RQ MXGLFLDO +H DOVRGLG KLV QDWLRQDO VHUYLFH JRLQJ RQ ELYRXDFV DQG WRRN SDUWLQ WKHULJRURXVSK\VLFDO MXULVSUXGHQFHDQGRIIHUHGDQH[FHOOHQWDUWLFOHRQWKHVXEMHFWWRWKHAdelaide Law Review H[HUFLVHVGHPDQGHGE\WKH$UP\2QHPXVWZRQGHUZKHWKHUWKHUHZDVHYHUDVWXGHQWLQWKH µ7KH ,PPRUDOLW\ RI WKH 'HWHUUHQW¶ DOVR DSSHDUHG LQ WKDW \HDU ERWK DUH OLVWHG LQ KLV 8QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGHZKRILWWHGDVPXFKLQWRKLVRUKHUIRXUXQGHUJUDGXDWH\HDUVDV)LQQLV ELEOLRJUDSK\7KHVNLOOVZKLFKKHKDGODUJHO\WDXJKWKLPVHOIPXVWDOVRSOD\HGDUROHLQKLV GLG VXFFHVVIXOTXHVWLQ2[IRUGWRHQWHUWKH'RFWRURI3KLORVRSK\ '3KLO FRXUVHWKHµDSH[RIWKH 7R DQ\RQH DV GHHSO\ FRPPLWWHG WR WKH SXUVXLW RI VFKRODUVKLS DV )LQQLV ZDV WKH /DZ)DFXOW\ VS\UDPLGRIUHVHDUFKGHJUHHV¶ 8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUG PXVWKDYHEHHQOLNHSDUDGLVHRQHDUWK@AUM± The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

VFRSH DQG QDWXUH RI WKH ZKROH FRQWH[W RI VWXGHQW OLIH¶ µZKR FRXOG MXGJH WKH JHQHUDO ,Q)LQQLV¶VFDVHWKHUHZDVQRNLQGRIHPRWLRQDOWULJJHUZKLFKZRXOGKHOSH[SODLQKLV KHDOWKRIVD\OLWHUDU\JURXSVRUVWXGHQWYHUVH"2UWKHIRUFHDQGH[WHQWRIVWXGHQWIHHOLQJDQG FRQYHUVLRQ+HZDVQRWVZHSWXSLQDQ\NLQGRIPRYHPHQWWRZDUGV&DWKROLFLVPKHZDVQRW WKRXJKW"2UWKHVWUHQJWKRUH[WHQWRIUHOLJLRXVFRQFHUQDPRQJ2[IRUGVWXGHQWV "¶ PRWLYDWHGE\ORYHRUIULHQGVKLSKHZDVQRWPRYHGE\DGPLUDWLRQIRUDQDFDGHPLFWHDFKHURU 7R )LQQLVD ZKROHOLWDQ\ RI IDFWRUV H[SODLQHG WKHVHGLIILFXOWLHV 8QOLNH LWV$GHODLGH IRURQHRIWKH-HVXLWVIURP$TXLQDV&ROOHJH+HZDVQRWHPRWLRQDOO\RYHUWDNHQE\DERRNKH FRXQWHUSDUWWKH2[IRUG65&ZDVµXQUHSUHVHQWDWLYHXQKHDUGRILQHIIHFWLYH¶ Cherwell UHDGRUE\DILOPKHVDZ DQG Isis WKH VWXGHQW SXEOLFDWLRQV ZHUH QRW OLQNHG WR WKH 65& DQG ODFNHG WKH µWHQXRXVO\ )LQQLV¶VFRQYHUVLRQZDVDKLJKO\LQWHOOHFWXDO UDWKHUWKDQDQHPRWLRQDORUH[SHULHQWLDO ³RIILFLDO´ FKDUDFWHU¶ ZKLFK LQ$GHODLGH GHULYHG µIURP 65& VSRQVRUVKLS DQG WKH 65& DIIDLU+HZDVGLVLOOXVLRQHGE\WKHPHVVDJHRIHPSLULFLVWSKLORVRSKHUVOLNH+XPHDQG5XVVHOO DSSRLQWPHQW RI HGLWRUV¶ 7KXV WKH\ UHSURGXFHG WKH RSLQLRQ RI VWXGHQWV UDWKHU WKDQ DQG IRXQG D PRUH SHUVXDVLYH DSSURDFK LQ /RQHUJDQ¶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µZKRVHJHQLXVLVWRWUDQVFHQGDOO DJHROG &DWKROLF HWKLFDO WUDGLWLRQ &RPPHQWLQJ RQ KLV RZQ FRQYHUVLRQ ,YDQ 6KHDUHU KDV SDUWLFXODU SUHRFFXSDWLRQV WR VXEMHFW WKHP WR D SURFHVV RI FRQIURQWDWLRQ H[DPLQDWLRQ VWDWHGWKDWµUHDVRQDQGHPRWLRQFDQWDNHRQHMXVWVRIDUWRWKHHGJHRIIDLWK¶7KHILQDOVWHS DWWULWLRQWRSURYHLWVHOIELJJHUWKDQWKHP¶ +RZHYHUWKH\GLGXQGHUOLQHWKHGLIIHUHQFHV VRKHVDLGLVDµOHDSRIIDLWK¶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¶VGD\WKH $GHODLGH8QLYHUVLW\FDPSXVZDVQRWRQO\PDQDJHDEOHDVDZKROHIRUVWDIIDQGVWXGHQWVLQWKH SK\VLFDO JHRJUDSKLFDO VHQVHEXWDOVRLQZKDW)LQQLVFDOOHGWKHµLQVWLWXWLRQDOVHQVH¶E\ZKLFK RQHDVVXPHV KH PHDQWWKHLQVWLWXWLRQVRIVWXGHQW VHOIDGPLQLVWUDWLRQ OLNHWKH65& On Dit DQG AUM WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ 8QLRQ DQG SHUKDSV WKH 8QLYHUVLW\¶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¶VFRQWLQXLQJDWWDFKPHQWWRWKHSODFHRIKLVFKLOGKRRGKLV VFKRROLQJDQGKLVWLPHDVDQXQGHUJUDGXDWH &RPSDUHG ZLWK WKH RWKHU FRQYHUVLRQ VWRULHV RI ZKLFK ZH KDYH DFFRXQWV )LQQLV¶V FRQYHUVLRQ H[KLELWV D QXPEHU RI XQXVXDO IHDWXUHV +LV UDGLFDO PRYH IURP XQEHOLHI WR &DWKROLFLVP VXJJHVWV WKDW KH KDG D SRZHUIXO UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFH RI ZKLFKWKHUH DUHVRPH IDPRXV H[DPSOHV +H WHQGV WR GRZQJUDGH WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFH DQG KDV PDGHLWFOHDUWKDWKHKDVQHYHUKDGRQH

7RJLYHRQHH[DPSOHWKHLPDJHRIDQRLOSDLQWLQJGDWHGE\&KDUOHV+LOOHQWLWOHGµWreck of the Amelda¶LVWREHIRXQGRQWKHGXVWMDFNHWRIWKHILUVWYROXPHDQGLVH[SODLQHGRQSDJH[L /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK The Christian Faith Half A Century Ago: John Finnis And The University Of Adelaide

7RJLYHRQHH[DPSOHWKHLPDJHRIDQRLOSDLQWLQJGDWHGE\&KDUOHV+LOOHQWLWOHGµWreck of the Amelda¶LVWREHIRXQGRQWKHGXVWMDFNHWRIWKHILUVWYROXPHDQGLVH[SODLQHGRQSDJH[L /HWWHUGDWHG0DUFK THE CHRISTIAN FAITH HALF A CENTURY AGO: JOHN FINNIS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE HORST KLAUS LÜCKE

John John eam: eam: Hyslop, Hyslop, in in John John Alec Alec LD LD he L he L he Adelaide t he Adelaide t Finnis, Finnis, t t Adelaide: Adelaide: f f John John t arded t arded Debates Festival Debates Festival - - 1958; 1958; w w left left From left - John Finnis, Alec Hyslop, John Jenkins Hyslop, Alec left - John Finnis, From nnis a nnis a University o University o Fi Fi University of Adelaide: John Finnis awarded the LLD awarded John Finnis of Adelaide: University From From

Armidale Armidale Jenkins Jenkins Intervarsity Intervarsity Intervarsity Debates Festival in Armidale 1958; the Adelaide team: team: 1958; the Adelaide in Armidale Intervarsity Festival Debates