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Expert Consultation on Low-Cost Fisheries Management Strategies and Cost Recovery

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Expert Consultation on Low-Cost Fisheries Management Strategies and Cost Recovery FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 853 FIEP/R853 (En) ISSN 2070-6987 Report of the EXPERT CONSULTATION ON LOW-COST FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND COST RECOVERY Georgetown, Guyana, 4–7 September 2007 Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 853 FIEP/R853 (En) Report of the EXPERT CONSULTATION ON LOW-COST FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND COST RECOVERY Georgetown, Guyana, 4–7 September 2007 compiled by Rebecca Metzner Fishery Analyst FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-106092-6 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2008 iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This document is the final report of the FAO Expert Consultation on Low Cost Fisheries Management Strategies and Cost Recovery that was held in Georgetown, Guyana, from 4 to 7 September 2007. Financial support for the Expert Consultation was provided by the FAO FishCode Programme through the FishCode Trust (MTF/GLO/125/MUL). The purpose of the Expert Consultation was to generate practical guidance regarding the range of funding arrangements that are available for funding fisheries management as part of FAO’s ongoing efforts to assist countries in the implementation of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. This document includes the recommendations and guidance as well as coverage of the discussions regarding key components of successful fisheries management regimes, the means to fund and deliver fisheries management services, and the different ways to put these practices into effect. The document also includes the extensive background documentation prepared for the Expert Consultation about the best practices in sustainable, effective and cost effective fisheries management as well as six case studies expanding on how different countries finance fisheries management. iv Metzner, R. (comp.) Report of the Expert Consultation on Low-cost Fisheries Management Strategies and Cost Recovery. Georgetown, Guyana, 4–7 September 2007. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report. No. 853. Rome, FAO. 2008. 274p. ABSTRACT The Expert Consultation on Low Cost Fisheries Management Strategies and Cost Recovery was intended provide practical information, guidance and recommendations useful to agencies interested in examining their fisheries management funding arrangements as part of facilitating more informed choices regarding funding options, the allocation of scarce resources, and improving overall performance. Fisheries management agencies are typically mandated to achieve a broad range of objectives related to resource conservation, sustainable use and the distribution of benefits derived from fisheries – benefits that can be considerable as has been demonstrated in a number of countries. The dilemma that often faces countries is that the management to capture long-term benefits often involves considerable expenditure in both transition arrangements and in ongoing management costs. These costs often exceed the funding available to fisheries management agencies through normal government appropriations. This situation is particularly significant in Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) where public funding to support the management of fisheries is often limited. Three key questions were addressed: • How can scarce financial resources be allocated most effectively in support of sustainable and efficient fisheries management, particularly in LIFDCs? • Given limited access to public funds, particularly in LIFDCs, how can fisheries management costs be funded (e.g. cost recovery)? and • Who is best situated to provide specific fisheries management services (government or private sector)? Overall, the group recommended that FAO should both develop Technical Guidelines on Funding Options for Successful Fisheries Management and hold an expert consultation to further elaborate the transitional issues of moving to sustainable fisheries, with a view to developing technical guidelines on this complex topic. v CONTENTS Preparation of this document iii Abstract iv PART I – RESULTS OF THE EXPERT CONSULTATION ON LOW COST FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND COST RECOVERY 1 Recommendations and guidance 1 PART II – REPORT OF THE EXPERT CONSULTATION ON LOW COST FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND COST RECOVERY 3 Introduction 3 Opening of the Expert Consultation 4 Election of the Chairperson 4 Adoption of the agenda and timetable 4 Discussion 4 Successful fisheries management regimes 4 Fisheries management funding arrangements 5 Government funding 6 Appropriations 6 Cost recovery 6 Delegation of responsibilities 6 Mechanisms for revenue generation 7 Self-funding 8 Partnerships and collaborative agreements 8 Donor assistance 8 Delivery of Fisheries Management Services 8 Allocation of financial and human resources 8 Strategy development 9 Transition considerations 10 Adoption of the Report of the Expert Consultation 11 Closing Session of the Expert Consultation 11 APPENDIXES A Agenda and timetable 13 B List of participants 15 C List of documents 17 D Prospectus 18 PART III – BACKGROUND PAPERS 21 Best practices in sustainable, effective and cost-effective fisheries management (Macgillivray, P.) 23 Financing fisheries management in LIFDCS (Macgillivray, P.) 55 Financing fisheries management: the case of Sweden (Greig, G.) 77 Financing fisheries management: the case of Nicaragua (Moreno, M.P.) 109 Funding fisheries management: the case of New Zealand 1985–2004 (Harte, M.) 147 Financing fisheries management: the Ghanaian situation (Hutchful, G.) 207 Financing fisheries management: the Indian situation (Yadava, Y.S.) 237 1 PART I – RESULTS OF THE EXPERT CONSULTATION ON LOW-COST FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND COST RECOVERY RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDANCE Successful fisheries management regimes 1. The group1 recognized that there are a growing number of international experiences of successful fisheries management that contribute to economic development which provide valuable lessons for the future. 2. The group agreed that there are five main components of successful fisheries management, involving interrelated functions and activities. These components are objectives and policy, legislation and regulations, institutional arrangements and capacity, decision-making process, and applied fisheries management activities (research, administration and management, compliance and enforcement). 3. The group agreed that for these main components to be effective, fisheries management policy should: • provide clear direction that is relevant to local circumstances; • be elaborated in collaboration with stakeholders where appropriate; • provide for sufficient institutional capacity to ensure objectives are met; • be supported by political leaders; and • have the ability to address and deal with conflicts and often competing objectives. Fisheries management funding arrangements 4. The group recognized that there is a range of potential arrangements for funding fisheries management. 5. The group recognized that funding decisions are influenced by the overall availability of public resources to the government, the level of priority assigned to the fisheries sector, and the specific fisheries management regime that is used. 6. The group recognized that most countries fund fisheries management through government appropriations. 7. The group agreed that cost recovery is a desirable tool for funding fisheries management services as it improves accountability and efficiency. 8. The group agreed that costs are best attributed to those who primarily benefit and that costs need to be directly linked to defined services for effective recovery. 9. The group agreed that cost recovery in marginal fisheries may be inappropriate without management reform designed to improve financial viability. 10. The group recognized that there are very few examples where service provision is formally delegated from government to the
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