LESSON PLANS HAND-BUILT PROJECTS Clay Coil Materials For 30 students • 25 lbs. white low-fire clay • Assorted small and medium round brushes • Concepts™ colors as noted in step-by-step instructions • Disposable plates to hold color • Newspaper • Paper towels • Plastic knives • Water containers • Wire cutoff tool Clay Coil Projects

Step-by-Step Rolling Coils 1. With cutoff tool, cut clay into 1" square strips the size of a stick of butter. 2. Mold clay with hands into an oblong shape rounding off the square edges. 3. Place oblong shape on a flat surface and gently roll clay back and forth with the palm of hands to create a rounded coil. 4. Keep rolling coil until it is an even 1/2" thick in diameter from end to end. Note: Pushing too hard may flatten coil. If this happens, gently roll on flat area to reshape coil. Ideal coils are uniform in diameter.

Small Coil Tray / Coil Pot Base 1. Score then paint slip on connecting edges of coil and tightly spiral clay into a circle so that no space or gaps appear between coils. 2. To make tray or base larger, add coils by placing one diagonal cut coil end next to another and wet with slip. When desired length is reached, cut remaining loose coil from the base. Tray Handles 1. Cut two identically sized coils to form handles; cut ends of coils diagonally. 2. Place handles on opposite ends of the tray and connect Artist: Leslie Allen, Age 10 edges by scoring and painting with slip.

Coil Bowl 1. Using spiraled coil base, score the outer rim and wet with slip. Introduction Educational Objectives 2. Using a rolled coil, score the side of the coil to be Hand-built ceramics have existed since 6000 BC and are This lesson provides opportunities for students to: connected to base and wet with slip. still a fascinating and economical art form. Many of the • Learn basic coil formation 3. Connect coil to base, connecting scored edge to scored edge. first clay containers made by early civilizations were used • Understand how to make a coil base for a 4. Once first coil is attached to base, continue adding layers in everyday life for cooking, drinking and storing food. ceramic vessel of coils to bowl until the desired height has been achieved. It is unknown exactly when the skill of firing ceramic • Use coils to create height in a clay bowl and designs 5. Gently smooth any gaps inside of bowl with fingers while vessels in order to create more durable utility pieces in a clay candleholder supporting other side with your hand to avoid a was learned. • Learn historical use of hand-built clay vessels lopsided bowl. • Create original artwork through creative self-expression Coil Candle Votive In this lesson, students learn how to make coils, an 1. Use spiraled coil base. essential part of many hand-built ceramic pieces. As part Teaching Tips 2. Create coiled votive sides by rolling 4-6 identical size spirals. of the lesson, students will use the coils to build various • Discuss archaeology as a career and ancient civilizations 3. Score outside rim of coil base and wet with slip. utility items. Coiling is a controlled way of building use of functional pottery. 4. Score bottom, right and left sides of spiral number forms. Once mastered, students can expand on this skill • Show how smoothed coil pots were used for cooking one and wet with slip. to create a variety of ceramic utility and art forms. in early times. 5. Connect spiral to base and repeat step 4 until all spirals • Explain the difference between functional and are connected to base and sides. References decorative pottery. "Coiled Pottery" By Betty Blandino, Chilton, Radnor, More Teaching Tips and Glossary on back. Fire, Decorate, Finish Pennsylvania, 1997. 1. Once clay form is complete, use a sharp pencil to carve "A History of World Pottery" By Emmanuel Cooper, name or initials on bottom of piece. Chilton Publishing, Radnor, Pennsylvania,1988. 2. Let clay completely dry and fire to cone 04 bisque. Kid's Archaeology Magazine www.dig.archaeology.org 3. Decorate with Concepts™ colors. Brush on IN 1001 Clear American Ceramic Society www.acers.org glaze or dip in CN 2000D Clear glaze. Fire to cone 06. Clay Critters Materials For 30 students • 25 lbs. white low-fire clay • Assorted small and medium round brushes • Concepts™ colors as noted in step-by-step instructions • Disposable plates to hold color • Newspaper • Paper towels • Pencil • Plastic knives • Toothpicks • Water containers • Wire cutoff tool Step-by-Step Snail 1. With wedged clay, roll coil 6-8" long. 2. Using scored coil, make a tightly wound spiral and join with slip to create snail shell. 3. Roll another coil 4" long for snail body. 4. Flatten lower half of body and shape head and tail.

Clay Critters Projects 5. Score area of body and shell to be joined and connect body to shell with slip. 6. Tip head up and poke holes with pencil or toothpick for eyes.

Beetle or Ladybug 1. Create small ball for head and large egg shape ball for body. 2. Slightly flatten bottom edge of head and body. 3. Score area of head and body to be joined and connect with slip. 4. Detail wings and markings with toothpick. 5. Eyes can be added with small clay balls or indented with toothpick or pencil.

Worm 1. Roll several small balls of clay, descending in size. 2. Slightly squeeze to flatten areas to be joined and score and join areas with slip. 3. Eyes can be added with small clay balls or indented with pencil or toothpick. 1.

Butterfly 1. Make two large clay balls 1" in diameter. 2. Make two smaller clay balls 1/2" in diameter. 3. Make 2" coiled butterfly body. 4. Flatten balls to create wings. 5. Score wings and body in areas Artists: Sarah Peters, Age 9 to be attached and connect 4. Pierson Gwynne, Age 7 with slip. 6. Eyes can be added with small clay balls or indented with pencil or toothpick. Introduction Educational Objectives Butterflies, caterpillars and ladybugs are not only This lesson provides opportunities for students to: Fire, Decorate, Finish pleasing to the eye, they each serve a purpose. Insects are • Use knowledge of coils and scoring to create figures 1. Once clay form is complete, use a sharp pencil to carve considered one of the most successful life forms on the • Learn how to form clay into spheres and egg shapes name or initials on bottom of piece. planet with well over 1 million documented species. • Learn clay detailing 2. Let clay completely dry and fire to cone 04 bisque. Creeping, crawling insects, often known as pests, are a • Learn about insects and entomology 3. Decorate with Concepts™ colors. Brush on IN 1001 Clear vital part of the world's ecosystem. Entomology, the • Study snails, life science and biology glaze or dip in CN 2000D Clear glaze. Stilt and fire to study of insects, is an important career as we look for • Create original artwork through creative self-expression cone 06. eco-friendly ways to maintain healthy plants and crops. Snails, not to be confused as insects, are mollusks, as are Teaching Tips octopuses, squid and slugs. Snails can be found in regular • When making worms or caterpillars, discuss the household gardens and in aquatic areas. Insects and evolutionary process of the butterfly, the migration snails can easily be observed in the classroom and related of the monarch or visit a butterfly farm. to studies regarding Life Science, Biology, Entomology • Discuss types and functions of insects and snails. and the Environment. • Have students collect regional insects and garden snails and make a terrarium, and create creatures in clay to References resemble those collected. Visit the following Web sites for more information about • Discuss careers related to insects and snails. insects and snails: More Teaching Tips and Glossary on back. http://www.insectnet.com http://www.insects.org http://www.earthlife.net Slab Box Projects outside layerofclay slab;liftoff itemandrepeat. releasing agentand rollorpressitemwithtextureonthe fabric, plantlifeandcoins.Simplyspray slabwitha be embossedfortextureusingcommon objectssuchas thickness andasmoothsurfacefordecoration. Slabscan useful anddecorativeitems.Slabsallow foruniform pillow forms,vases,jewelry, cylindersandmanyother Modern artistsuseslabstocreatedinnerware, mosaics, ceramic slabworkcanbefoundinmost cultures. were firstconnectedtomakevessels,butremnantsof decoration forancienttemples.Itisunknownwhenslabs Slabs havebeenusedforfloorcoverings,rooftilesand history ofearlycivilizations. have beenakeyforarcheologistsastheydefinethe a tabletforsymbolsorthewrittenword.Suchfiredslabs thousands ofyears,andinmanyculturesfunctionedas Slab artisticandfunctionalpotteryhasexistedfor Introduction Pierson Gwynne,Age7 Artists: Trevor Phelps,Age10 Slab Box • Teaching Tips • • • • • • This lessonprovidesopportunitiesforstudentsto: Educational Objectives www.kidsnclay.com Nierman, Tricycle Press,Berkeley, California The "Kids–N–Clay"CeramicsBook,createdbyKevin References • More Teaching Tips and Glossaryonback. Createoriginalartworkthroughcreative self-expression Createthree-dimensionalshapesfromclay Havestudentsemboss slabswithplantlifeanddiscuss Learnspatialrelationships,rectangular side must Makeacontainerthatwillholdfoodor liquid Joinperpendicularwallstoaflatsurface Learntheslabmethodofcreationwithclay Usingalargeflatdecorating surface,havestudents fit thecircularbase how fossilsaremade. Impressionism, abstract,etc. create art from different artmovements,including 3. DecoratewithConcepts 2. Letclaycompletelydryandfiretocone04bisque. • • • • • • • • • • • • or brush. hearts, stars,etc.Peelandplaceonware; paintwithsponge Yardsticks forclayguides Wirecutoff tool Water containers Toothpicks Tissue paper Rulers Plasticknives Pencil Papertowels Papercups Newspaper Disposableplatestoholdcolor to cone06. glaze ordipinCN2000DClearglaze.Stiltandfire 9. Layapieceoftissuepaperbetweenlidandboxlet 8. Gentlysmoothoutanyconnectedorroughareasonlid 7. Placelidontopofcylinderandcheckfit.Makeany 6. Stand3"pieceofclayverticalonouteredgecirclebase, 5. To createthesidesofvase, rollanotherslab.Trim to 4. Usingaspiralofclayorroundballclay, createaclay 3. To finishthelid,cutasmaller 2. Usingthewideendofapaper 1. Rollclay1/4"to3/8"thickwith Step-by-Step • • • • For 30students Materials Contact faces, intriguingdesignsrelatedtoholidays, etc.Use decorating techniques,includingstencils,stamps,abstract Note: Theflatsurfaceofthispieceallowsforavariety 1. Onceclayformiscomplete,useasharppenciltocarve Fire, Decorate,Finish Concepts Assortedsmallandmediumroundbrushes 25lbs.whitelow-fireclay 1"dowelsorrollingpinsforoutclay dry together. cylinder basewithslipandfingers. adjustments bygentlymoldinglidtofitbase. complete acylinder. vertical wallofvase,score,slipandpresssidestogetherto score andjointobasewithslip.Slightlyoverlapsidesof of thecircle. 3" wideandlongenoughtogoaroundthecircumference in outsidecenteroflidwithslip. knob handleforthetopoflid.Scoreandattach in place. smaller innercircleholdingit onto thecylinderwith the insideoflidandwillfit smaller lidswithslip.Thiswillbe Score andconnectlarger of thepapercupasaguide. circle inclayusingthesmallend one forlid.Setaside. one forcylinderboxbaseand cup asapatterncut2circles, thickness ofyardsticks. even inthicknessandequalto two yardstickswillresultinslabs guide. Rollingclayinsidethe yardsticks oneachsideasa name orinitialsonbottomof ® paper forone-timeusestencils–precut with ™ colors asnotedinstep-by-stepinstructions ™ colors. BrushonIN1001Clear both pieces. e ,

Cookie-Cutter Projects and thatanadultmustbepresentwhen acandleislit. dangerous! Explaintostudentstherelatedsafetyissues sound chamber ofthebell (thecone) andthe bell "clappers." Whenthebellis"rung," thebeadhits the fine chain orstringattachesa glassbead.Thiscreates the there isaclayloopfired intothebell.Asmallpieceof How doesaceramic bellmakemusic?Insideofthecone, in different tones. with specialmarkings.Differently sizedbells will ring ceremonies. Thebellswerepersonalized andidentified created ceramicorearthenwarebellsfor religious and arepartofsolemnevents.AncientChinese cultures holidays andspecialoccasions,announce dignitaries a cookiecutterdecoration.Bellstraditionally ringin Ceramic bellsarefuntomakewithclay triangles and This makesausefuleasy-to-cleangift. cooled candlewaxwillsimplypopoff ofglazedceramic. from thecandleflameandmeltedwax.Ofinterest, material issuchasubstance—itwillprotectsurfaces the candletoburnoutandnotcatchfire.Ceramic people learnedtocreatecandleholdersthatwouldallow Candleholders areimportanthandcrafteditems.Earlyon, Introduction Artist: Trevor Phelps,Age10 Cookie-Cutter NOTE: Firecanbe www.kidsnclay.com Nierman, Tricycle Press, Berkeley, California The "Kids References • • • This lessonprovidesopportunitiesforstudents to: Educational Objectives • • • Exploresourcesoflightandtheimportance of Repeatdesignandorganization Learntheslabmethodofcreationwithclay Explorebells,includingmaterials,construction and Resourcebellchoirmusic; arrangechildren'sbellstonally Createoriginalbells thatfunction the candleinhistory famous bells played insequences,resultingbeautifulmelodies. up ofdifferent bellsofmanysizes which arelinedupand Because bellsmakeonesoundeach,abellchoirismade the surfaceandtonewillbehigherclang. with eachhit.Iftheconeisglazed,soundwillbounceoff absorbed intothecone,resultinginadull,shortsound of theclay. Iftheclayisunglazedbutfired,soundwillbe sounds. Howthesoundisdefineddependsonsurface – N – Clay" Ceramics Book,created by Kevin 6. Oncefired,attach glassbeadtoloopinsidebell 5. Stiltordryfootand glazefiretocone06. • • • • • • • • • • • • • with dental floss. Clear glazeordipin CN2000DClearglaze. Toothpicks Tissue paper Yardsticks forclayguides Wirecutoff tool Water containers Rulers Plasticknives Pencil Papertowels Papercups Newspaper Disposableplatestoholdcolor Dentalflosstohangglassbeadinsideeachbell 6. Slipattachthecutouts 5. Cutoutseveralcookie 4. Usingthebottomofa 3. Rollclay1/4"to3/8"thickwithyardsticksoneach 2. Wedge andmoldclayintoaflattenedcircle. 1. Withcutoff tool,cutclayinto3"squareblock. Candleholder Step-by-Step • • • • • For 30students Materials 3. DecoratewithConcepts 2. Letclaycompletelydryandfiretocone 04bisque. 1. Onceclayformiscomplete,useasharp pencilto Fire, Decorate,Finish 7. Slipattachthecutouttotopofbell. 6. Personalizetheseshapeswithanidentifyingmark. 5. Cutoutcookiecuttershapes.Rollmoreslabclay 4. Foldthetriangle,loopattop,intoaconeorteepee 3. Rollathincoilapproximately3"long.Pinchthe 2. Cutoutawidetriangle 1. Rollslabasabove,using Bell (after bellsarefinished) Concepts 25lbs.whitelow-fireclay Assortedsmallandmediumroundbrushes Assortedcookiecuttershapes 1"dowelsorrollingpinsforoutclay Remove andfinishdrying. leather-hard onthecup. candleholder dryuntil to fitifnecessary. Letthe to thebase,overlapping clay ifnecessary. cutter shapes.Rollmore candleholder. the formforshaping the cup.Thisbecomes circle onthebottomof towel. Placetheclay slightly dampenedpaper inverted papercupwith cut outacircle.Coverthe paper cupasthepattern, the sticks. equal tothethicknessof yardsticks willresultinslabseventhicknessand side asaguide.Rollingclayinsidethetwo carve nameorinitialsonbottominside ofpiece. into theclaytoembossit. Press aleaf,coin,lace,buttonorsomeotherobject if necessary. shape. Standupright. in thetopoftriangleclayshape. two endstogetherandmakealoop.Laytheloop shape. yardsticks asguides. ™ colors asnotedinstep-by-stepinstructions ™ colors. BrushonIN1001 Teaching Tips More Teaching Tips: Caring for Clay Ceramic studios and casting information is available through Duncan Cutting Clay Distributors and Ambassadors. Please feel free to call the 1-800-CERAMIC 1. Cut off the amount you want to use with Customer Service number for assistance. cutoff tool. Pull handles straight outward until the string is tight. History & Geography 2. Place cutoff tool behind clay and pull, crossing Prepare a historical overview of utility pottery and civilizations, seen first cord to slice off a piece. in early Mesopotamia, Egypt and Crete. • Earliest pottery came from cave dwelling communities around 6000 BC. Wedging Clay 4 Pottery was undecorated and made from local red and brown clays. Clay should be wedged before use; wedging Cutting • Painted pottery using natural pigments from the region first showed up conditions clay by creating a uniform texture. around 5000 BC. Wedging also removes any trapped air pockets. • Ceramic pottery exists in every civilization. Select a culture and study its 1. Cut clay to be used with cutting tool in two use of ceramic vessels and art, i.e., Far East, Ming Dynasty, Japan and equal parts. Japanese Tea Ceremony, Europe, Moorish Spanish Tiles, Italian and 2. Forcefully throw the clay onto a work surface Mexican Talavara. several times. 3. Knead clay together. Clay, Earth and Color 4. Repeat process until clay appears uniform. Clay, water, hands and skillful coordination are required for handbuilding. T This relaxing art form encourages students dexterity and creativity. Scoring Clay General Instructions Scoring Clay is a form that can take on any shape that can be imagined, leaving Scoring is done to attach clay pieces together. the artist's thumbprint in the fired clay. Fired clay art and vessels are 1. Use a fork to scratch the two areas to timeless. Once fired and properly stored, ceramic objects can last for be attached. thousands of years. 2. Brush slip on scored, "scratched" areas. 3. Firmly press the two pieces together, • Read how clay is formed in the earth, and discuss elements found in clay. t and seal edges by smoothing clay around • Discuss the color wheel and color relationships. A the newly joined area. Ceramic Firing Marking Clay Discuss ancient and modern firing techniques. 1. To identify your projects, use a pencil or • Firing transforms dry clay to a hardened permanent form. wood skewer to scratch name, initials, date Marking • Early pottery firings most likely came from the hearth or "campfires" of or special markings on bottom of piece. cave dwellers. This crude firing method does not allow for very high temperatures and does not allow for the use of a fired glaze. Storing Clay • Kilns are chambers created especially to fire clay from its soft form to a 1. Moist clay is best stored in tightly sealed plastic bag or container. hard bisque form. The first kilns were made from stone and clay, and 2. Sculpture in progress should be stored in a moist environment. It may f fired by wood. be stored for several days when kept moist in a sealed plastic bag. t • Wood-burning kilns still exist today in many underdeveloped areas. • Modern kilns come in two types: those fueled by gas or electricity. How to Paint Greenware ® • Explain process of loading and firing a modern electric kiln and use of 1. Ceramic underglazes, including Duncan E-Z Stroke Translucent Underglazes and Cover-Coat® Opaque Underglazes, may be applied pyrometric cones to measure temperature. w to ceramics in a greenware stage. Glossary of Terms 2. When applied to leather-hard clay, these pigment and clay-based Bisque: Unglazed ceramic pieces fired at a low temperature. products fire into the clay during a cone 04 bisque firing. Bisque Firing: The first firing of a ceramic piece. Prepares the surface for applying glaze. 3. Cover-Coat® underglazes are velveteen in appearance when fired Body: A blend of clays that harden when fired in a kiln. to cone 04. Greenware: Unfired clay pieces. Fragile until fired. 4. E-Z Stroke® underglazes produce a translucent watercolor effect. f Casting: The process of pouring liquid clay into a mold. Ceramics: The heating of materials that come from the earth to create functional and How to Make Low-Fire Ceramic Bisque decorative ceramic objects. 1. Clay pieces should be completely dry before putting in kiln. Allow Clay: Slip that has hardened. hand-built pieces 3-5 days to air-dry, depending on humidity in area. Coil/Coiling: Rolling out long pieces of clay and joining the pieces together to build objects Wet clay pieces can burst during firing. such as pots and sculptures. Refers to a handbuilding technique. 2. Place a cone 04 self-supporting cone on each kiln shelf. Cone: A heat-measuring device that is used when firing a kiln to react to time 3. Place a cone 04 bar kiln in kiln sitter. and temperature. Cut-off Tool: An instrument used to cut off pieces of clay. 4. Place pieces directly onto kiln shelves 1/2-1" apart, allowing for air Dipping: Quickly plunging a bisque-fired piece into a container of liquid glaze to coat. circulation during firing. Firing: The process of heating ceramic products in a kiln using varying degrees of heat. 5. Close kiln, set temperature and fire kiln according to kiln Glaze: A coating that melts and bonds to a clay body when fired in a kiln, giving the manufacturer's instructions. surface a glass-like appearance. Glaze Firing: The second firing of ware during which glaze melts onto and coats How & Why to Paint Bisque? a clay body. 1. Bisque is fired clay. This form is a much more durable and safe surface Handbuilding: Creating objects by hand rather than on a potter's wheel. Coiling and for a child to paint on. Breakage is greatly reduced from greenware or slabwork are examples of handbuilding techniques. unfired stage. The colors will be much brighter and truer on the Kiln: An oven designed to fire pottery. whiteness of the bisque. “Mistakes” can simply be washed off Low-Fire: A range of firing temperatures for clay and glazes that doesn't exceed 1944° F. with water! Mold: A plaster form that is used to shape liquid clay (slip). 2. Squeeze out quarter-sized puddles of Concepts™ colors onto Score: To scratch tiny crisscross lines on areas of greenware that will be joined with clay slip. disposable plates. Slab: A flat piece of clay rolled out to about 1/4" thick. Used in handbuilding techniques. Slip: The liquid form of clay (Clay mixed with water makes slip). 3. Paint color as desired with an assortment of brushes. Heavier Underglaze: A ceramic color used under a glaze. application of paint results in a brighter piece when fired. Thin color for a wash. Techniques include: sponging, stenciling, spattering, dotting, etc. Duncan University Credits 4. Dry pieces thoroughly. 5. Dip in CN 2000D Clear glaze for final finish. Complete the educational in-service session with a 6. Stilt (set the pieces onto the prongs of a stilt in the kiln) Duncan Ambassador for the Colorworks™ Class or dryfoot (wipe the glaze off the bottom with a damp Projects 1-4 and receive 1 Duncan University credit sponge before setting on the kiln shelf). Fire to cone 06. in the Duncan Education System. General Information How to Dip with Clear Glaze Add Shelves, Fire Kiln Use CN 2000D Clear glaze on fired Arrange same-sized posts in a triangle to support bisque and painted bisque pieces. kiln shelf; place shelf on posts; repeat for each shelf added. 1. Pour glaze into tank and mix. Close kiln lid and fire kiln to desired cone per kiln manufacturer's instructions. 2. Dip 1/2-3/4 ware; quickly lift out. 3. Dip remainder of ware; overlap slightly. 1. 2. 4. Touch up with a brush as needed. 5. These pieces MUST be placed on stilts in the kiln. Fire to cone 06.

3. 4.

Choosing and Using Cones The Duncan Ceramic products in the color guide fire from cone 06, 1828° F to cone 6, 2246° F. Ceramic firing is similar to baking in an oven with much hotter temperatures. Since hot ceramic kilns cannot be safely opened during firing, pyrometric cones are used to measure the heat absorbed by the ware. Pyrometric cones are numbered to correspond to a desired cone firing level – the lower Unloading Kiln the cone number, the cooler the firing. Pyrometic self-supporting • Open kiln when cool to touch A proper firing will cause the cone to bend at an even 90° angle. shelf cone • Remove pieces only when cool to touch • Grind off stilt marks with stilt stone or dremel tool Too close Proper Important: wear eye protection. distance

Self-supporting cones with desired cone number are placed on each kiln shelf before firing. Since cones bend over during firing to indicate heat absorbed, it is important to keep them at a safe distance from the ceramic piece in kiln

Small bar cones are used in a kiln-sitter. A kiln-sitter is an automatic mechanical device that shuts off the kiln when the cone bends due to the desired absorption of heat. DUNCaN PRODUCt Bar cones FiRinG GUiDe Using Stilts Cone 06 Coolest Cone 04 Cone 5-6 Hottest Specially designed ceramic stilts are placed under Approx 1859°F 1015°CApprox 1940°F 1060°C Approx 2246°F 1230°C all glazed ware to keep the glaze and art piece Low Fire Cone 04 Bisque Low Fire Clays, Earthenware High Fire Clay, stoneware, from adhering to the kiln shelf. Bar stilt and Greenware porcelain and china E-Z Stroke™ Translucent Underglazes E-Z Stroke™ Translucent E-Z Stroke™ Translucent Note: Bisque firings without glaze Underglazes Underglazes ® Cover Coat Opaque ® do not require stilts. Underglazes Cover Coat® Opaque Cover Coat Opaque Underglazes Underglazes ™ Concepts ™ ™ Concepts Underglaze for French Dimensions Bisque French Dimensions™ Triangle stilt ™ Loading Kiln Shelf Courtyard Art Glazes French Dimensions™ Envision™ Glazes Post stilt Envision™ Glazes • Kiln shelves are round or half rounds Courtyard™ Art Glazes Courtyard™ Art Glazes • Pieces placed 1" from kiln wall Crystals™ & Crackles™ Glazes High Fire Art Glazes • Pieces placed 1/2-1" apart (do not overcrowd kiln) Low Fire Clear Glazes • Repeat instructions for each shelf High Fire Clear Glazes Satin Glazes coolest cone 04 Satin Glazes hottest

COne LeVeL Cooler Hotter

019 018 017 06 05 02 5 10

*For more information on cones and firing, visit Orton Cones at www.orton.ceramic.com

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